Handheld sensor device
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-11
Smart Images

Figure CN2023088437_17102024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDHELD SENSOR DEVICEField of the Invention
[0001] The present application relates to a handheld sensor device and more particularly to a handheld sensor device that is functional to acquire physiological signals during an individual holding the handheld sensor device, for use in determining at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health of the individual.Background of the Invention
[0002] Devices that can be used to obtain data for using in assessing physical fitness include various scales and tapes for providing a reading of height, weight, waist circumference, and percentage body fat, skinfold calipers for assessing the thickness of subcutaneous fat, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners for measuring body composition, electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for measuring electrical activity of the heart, and sphygmomanometers for measuring blood pressure.
[0003] While some devices used in monitoring or assessing cardiovascular health are now widely available, access to others is restricted to certain establishments, such as hospitals and other medical premises or private gyms specialising in certain types of physical training. For example, whereas there are many retailers of wrist-wearable fitness trackers that can measure such metrics as heart rate and active minutes and may provide a VO2 max (maximal oxygen consumption) score, a Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) body composition scan may only be obtainable via a health care provider.
[0004] Factors affecting the availability, accessibility and affordability of certain types of testing include equipment purchase and running costs, and the environment and / or level of expertise required for the equipment to be used properly. In addition, and especially for more frequent monitoring, non- invasive testing is generally deemed more user-acceptable than invasive testing.
[0005] Some people following a diet and / or exercise programme find that regular monitoring of their progress can provide motivation for them to continue; however, this can be influenced by not only the accuracy and consistency of the results recorded at each progress monitoring session but also how applicable the individual being monitored perceives the metrics being measured to be. For example, if the individual is aiming to improve their general cardiovascular health, they may be interested in a variety of metrics, such as heart rate variability, trunk pulse wave velocity, and body fat composition (visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio) , from which a risk of a cardiovascular disease can be evaluated depending on their profile (age, gender, height, weight etc. )
[0006] It is desirable to provide fitness tracking apparatus that an individual can use themselves to monitor their cardiovascular health, and that offers improvements over existing designs.
[0007] Summary of the Invention
[0008] According to a first aspect there is provided a system, comprising: a handheld sensor device for an individual to hold with both their hands at the same time, the handheld sensor device comprising: a left-hand sensor part for the individual to hold with their left hand, the left-hand sensor part supporting a first electrical contact set for contacting a hand holding the left-hand sensor part, a right-hand sensor part for the individual to hold with their right hand, the right-hand sensor part supporting a second electrical contact set for contacting a hand holding the right-hand sensor part, an intermediate sensor part for the individual to hold against their abdomen, the intermediate sensor part supporting a third electrical contact set and a fourth electrical contact set for contacting an abdomen that the intermediate sensor part is held against, and a controller comprising a processing unit and a wireless communication interface, the processing unit operatively connected to the first, second, third and fourth electrical contact set and functional to perform each of: a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part, a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, and a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of at least one of the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and one of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part; and an evaluation unit functional to process acquired physiological signals, to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health; the processing unit functional to acquire physiological signals of the following types: electrocardiogram signals, bioelectrical impedance signals, impedance plethysmography signals.
[0009] When an individual is holding the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts with their left and right hands respectively so that the electrical contact set of each of the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts is in contact with the individual's left and right hands respectively, the individual can hold the intermediate sensor part against their abdomen, so that the pair of electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part are in contact with the individual's abdomen.
[0010] The handheld sensor device has a form factor that is convenient to use and / or has a familiar shape, resembling a handlebar.
[0011] In an example, each of the first, second, third and fourth electrical contact sets comprises at least a first and a second electrical contact, and the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part are spaced apart from each other and positioned alongside the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts respectively.
[0012] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process a bioelectrical impedance signal acquired using the third and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of abdominal subcutaneous fat. In a method of use of the system to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health, a physiological signal is obtained from the intermediate sensor part while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device and the acquired physiological signal is processed to provide an evaluation of cardiovascular health that is, comprises, or is based on an evaluation of abdominal subcutaneous fat. The metric of abdominal subcutaneous fat is useful, as it has been found that the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat provides an important indicator of cardiovascular risk.
[0013] Thus, physiological signals obtained from the handheld sensor device while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device can be processed to determine a body metric that is subsequently used in the determination of another body metric.
[0014] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process a bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part, to determine an evaluation of upper body composition. Thus, in a method of use of the system to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health, a physiological signal is obtained from the left-hand and right-hand sensor parts while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device and the acquired physiological signal is processed to provide an evaluation of cardiovascular health that is, comprises, or is based on an evaluation of upper body composition.
[0015] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process a bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the third electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of a left-side body composition; and a bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of a right-side body composition. Thus, in a method of use of the system to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health, a physiological signal is obtained from (i) the left-hand and intermediate sensor parts and (ii) the right-hand and intermediate sensor parts while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device and the acquired physiological signals are processed to provide an evaluation of cardiovascular health that is, comprises, or is based on evaluations of left-side and right-side upper body composition.
[0016] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of subcutaneous abdominal fat and an evaluation of total of upper body fat.
[0017] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process electrocardiogram signals, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part, the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor and at least one of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of at least one of: heart axis, heart rhythm, heart rate variability. In a method of use of the system to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health, physiological signals are obtained from the handheld sensor device while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device in accordance with a 6-lead ECG assessment.
[0018] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart axis and an evaluation of heart rhythm.
[0019] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart rate variability.
[0020] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process at least one of: an impedance plethysmography signal acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part, an impedance plethysmography signal acquired using the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, and impedance plethysmography signals acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the third electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part; to determine an evaluation of blood flow in the upper body.
[0021] Thus, there may be different possible ways to use the electrical contact sets of the left-hand, intermediate, and right-hand sensor parts to determine a particular body metric.
[0022] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process impedance plethysmography signals or, in combination, impedance plethysmography and electrocardiogram signals, to determine an evaluation of at least one of: pulse arrival time, pulse transit time.
[0023] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from a comparison of an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a left-side region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a right-side region of the upper body.
[0024] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a hand-to-hand region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in an abdominal region.
[0025] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process at least one impedance plethysmography signal to determine an evaluation of breathing rate.
[0026] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process at least one acquired physiological signal in combination with at least one user profile value input to the evaluation unit, the at least one user profile value selected from: age; height; weight; gender. In a method of use of the system to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health, physiological signals are obtained from the handheld sensor device while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device and processed with reference to one or more user profile values of the individual's user profile to provide an evaluation of cardiovascular health that is modified to the individual's user profile. This feature of the processing of the physiological signals acquired for the individual serves with a tailored result.
[0027] In a preferred example, the system further comprises an electronic scale, the electronic scale comprising: a platform for the individual to stand on and a weight sensor arrangement associated with the platform, the weight sensor arrangement comprising at least one load cell, and a controller comprising a processing unit and a wireless communication interface, the processing unit operatively connected to the weight sensor arrangement and functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a signal from the weight sensor arrangement indicative of a load detected on the platform; the controller of the electronic weighing scale capable of wireless communication with the controller of the handheld sensor device.
[0028] The electronic scale has a form factor that is convenient to use and familiar.
[0029] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process physiological signals acquired by the processing unit of the handheld sensor device in combination with a signal acquired from the weight sensor arrangement to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health.
[0030] In an example, the platform of the electronic scale comprises: a left-foot sensor part for the individual to place their left foot on, the left-foot sensor part supporting a fifth electrical contact set for contacting a foot upon the left-foot sensor part, a right-foot sensor part for the individual to place their right foot on, the right-foot sensor part supporting a sixth electrical contact set for contacting a foot upon the right-foot sensor part, the processing unit of the electronic scale operatively connected to the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set and functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection between the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets.
[0031] In an example, each of the fifth and the sixth electrical contact sets of the platform comprises at least a first and a second electrical contact.
[0032] In an example, the evaluation unit is functional to process physiological signals acquired using the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set of the electronic scale to determine an evaluation of a lower body composition.
[0033] In an example, the system comprises an attachment arrangement for releasably attaching the handheld sensor device to the electronic scale. The attachment arrangement provides for the handheld sensor device to be stored conveniently.
[0034] In an example, the handheld controller device comprises at least one rechargeable battery and the electronic scale comprises a battery recharging unit for recharging the at least one rechargeable battery when the handheld sensor device is attached to the electronic scale by the attachment arrangement. Thus, the attachment arrangement may provide for, or support, at least one operational function being carried out when the handheld sensor device is releasably attached to the electronic scale.
[0035] In an example, at least one of the processing units of the handheld sensor device and the electronic scale is functional to perform a common impedance measurement when the handheld sensor device is attached to the electronic scale.
[0036] In an example, the evaluation unit is comprised by a remote device. In an example, the remote device is a mobile device. In an example, the remote device and the handheld sensor device communicate wirelessly. The evaluation unit may comprise a wireless communication interface or be comprised by a device that comprises a wireless communication interface.
[0037] In an example, the system further comprises a display unit for outputting a visual display generated from data output by the evaluation unit. The display unit may be separate from, or comprised by one of, the aforementioned components of the system. In an example in which the system comprises an electronic scale as described above, the electronic scale comprises the display unit.
[0038] In an example, each of the third and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part of the handheld sensor device further comprises at least a third electrical contact.
[0039] In an example, the intermediate sensor part comprises a curved profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of the individual. This feature may improve user comfort and / or indicate a desired orientation for the individual to hold the intermediate sensor part against their abdomen.
[0040] In an example, the intermediate sensor part has an adjustable profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of the individual. This feature may assist with comfortable and / or proper contact between the electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part and the individual's abdomen being achieved.
[0041] In an example, the controller of the handheld sensor device further comprises an indicating arrangement that comprises at least one indicating device selected from: an illumination device functional to emit light; an audio unit functional to output sound; a tactile output device functional to generate a vibration pattern. The indicating arrangement may indicate a status of the handheld sensor device and / or progress of a sensing routine, for example, to indicate the start and the end of the sensing routine.
[0042] Further particular and preferred aspects of the invention are set out in the accompanying dependent claims.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0043] The present invention will now be more particularly described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic of a system for determining at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health;
[0045] Figure 2 illustrates use of the system of Figure 1 by an individual;
[0046] Figure 3 shows an example handheld sensor device usable in the system of Figure 1;
[0047] Figure 4 shows an example electronic scale usable in the system of Figure 1; Figures 5 to 9 illustrate different sensing routine steps for obtaining physiological signals during use of the system of Figure 1 by an individual;
[0048] Figure 10 illustrates features of an example evaluation unit of the system of Figure 1;
[0049] Figure 11 illustrates steps in an example method of use of the system of Figure 1 for providing an insight into a fitness level of an individual;
[0050] Figure 12 illustrates steps in an example method of use of the system of Figure 1 for providing an insight of cardiovascular risk of an individual; and
[0051] Figures 13 to 15 illustrate features of different example of handheld sensor device usable in the system of Figure 1.Description
[0052] Examples are described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in sufficient detail to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to implement the apparatus, systems and / or processes described herein. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise examples described and / or shown and that various changes and modifications can be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
[0053] In the following description, all orientational terms, such as upper, lower, radially and axially, are used in relation to the drawings and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0054] The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances the drawings may have been exaggerated or simplified for illustrative purposes only.
[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein are to be interpreted as is customary in the art. In addition, features referred to herein in the singular can number one or more, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “includes” , “including” , “has” and / or “having” when used herein, specify the presence of the stated feature or features and do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0056] Disclosed herein is a system that comprises a handheld sensor device, which comprises left-hand and right-hand sensor parts for an individual to hold with their left and right hands and an intermediate sensor part for the individual to hold against their abdomen. A controller of the handheld sensor device comprises a processing unit, which is operatively connected to electrical contact sets of the left-hand, right-hand and intermediate sensor parts to acquire physiological signals when the individual is holding the handheld sensor device, and a wireless communication interface. The system further comprises an evaluation unit functional to process acquired physiological signals, to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health. The system may further comprise an electronic scale capable of wireless communication with the handheld sensor device.
[0057] The processing unit is functional to perform each of: a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of electrical contacts of the left-hand and right-hand sensor parts, a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection electrical contacts of the intermediate sensor part, and a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of electrical contacts of the left-hand and intermediate sensor parts and from electrical connection of electrical contacts of the right-hand and intermediate sensor parts.
[0058] The left-hand and right-hand sensor parts each comprise an electrical contact set, each comprising at least two electrical contacts, and the intermediate sensor part comprises two electrical contact sets, each comprising at least two electrical contacts.
[0059] The processing unit is functional to acquire physiological signals of the following types: electrocardiogram signals, bioelectrical impedance signals, impedance plethysmography signals.
[0060] The evaluation unit and the handheld controller preferably communicate wirelessly. The evaluation unit may therefore comprise a wireless communication interface or be comprised by a device that comprises a wireless communication interface.
[0061] Physiological signals obtained from the handheld sensor device while an individual is holding the handheld sensor device can be processed to determine a body metric, which may be used subsequently in the determination of another body metric.
[0062] Further disclosure follows with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0063] With reference initially to Figures 1 &2, system 100 comprises a handheld sensor device 101, an evaluation unit 102, and an electronic scale 103. The handheld sensor device 101 is selectively usable with only the evaluation unit 102 or with the electronic scale 103 and the evaluation unit 102. The handheld sensor device 101 is designed to be held in both hands, and the electronic scale 102 is designed to be stood on. With reference also to Figures 3 &4, features of a specific embodiment of the system 100 will be described in detail.
[0064] Figure 1 shows a schematic of the specific embodiment of the system 100, with some optional features as discussed below. Figure 2 shows handheld sensor device 101, evaluation unit 102, and electronic scale 103 of the specific embodiment in use, with an individual 200 holding the handheld sensor device 101 with both their hands at the same time and standing on the electronic scale 103. Figure 3 shows a specific example of the handheld sensor device 101 of the specific embodiment. A specific example of the electronic scale 103 of the specific embodiment is shown in Figure 4.
[0065] Handheld sensor device 101 comprises left-hand, right-hand and intermediate sensor parts 301, 302, 303 and first, second, third and fourth electrical contact sets 104, 105, 106, 107. Each of the electrical contact sets comprises at least two electrical contacts arranged exteriorly of the handheld sensor device, to be touched by the skin of an individual during use.
[0066] The left-hand sensor part 301 and the right-hand sensor part 302 support the first electrical contact set 104 and the second electrical contact set 105 respectively, and the intermediate sensor part 303 supports the third electrical contact set 106 and the fourth electrical contact set 107. The left-hand and right-hand sensor parts 301, 302 are designed to be held in the left hand 201 and the right hand 202 of the individual 200 respectively, with the first and second electrical contact sets 104, 105 in contact with the skin of the respective hand 201, 202. The intermediate sensor part 303 is designed to be held against the abdominal region 203 of the individual 200, with the third and fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 in contact with the skin of the abdominal region 203.
[0067] In the present specific example, the first electrical contact set 104 of the left-hand sensor part 301 comprises two electrical contacts 304, 305, the second electrical contact set 105 of the right-hand sensor part 302 comprises two electrical contacts 306, 307, the third electrical contact set 106 of the intermediate sensor part 303 comprises two electrical contacts 308, 309 and the fourth electrical contact set 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303 comprises two electrical contacts 310, 311.
[0068] The intermediate sensor part 301 is disposed between the left-hand sensor part 301 and the right-hand sensor part 302.
[0069] According to the shown arrangement, the two electrical contacts 304, 305 and 306, 307 of each the first and the second electrical contact sets 104, 105 are spaced apart in a circumferential direction C of the handheld sensor device 101. In the illustrated example, each of the electrical contacts 304, 305, 306, 307 of the first and the second electrical contact sets 104, 105 is generally rectangular, with the longer sides thereof extending in a longitudinal direction L of the handheld sensor device 101.
[0070] According to the shown arrangement, the two electrical contacts 308, 309 and 310, 311 of each of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction L of the handheld sensor device 101. In addition, the third electrical contact set 106 is positioned alongside the left-hand sensor part 301 and the fourth electrical contact set 107 is positioned alongside the right-hand sensor part 302. Further, the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 are positioned in a frontal region 312 of the handheld sensor device 101, designed to be faced towards the abdomen of the individual 200 when the individual 200 is holding the left-hand sensor part 301 with their left hand 201 and the right-hand sensor part 302 with their right hand 202. In the illustrated example, each of the electrical contacts 308, 309, 310, 311 of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 is generally rectangular, with the longer sides thereof extending in the circumferential direction C of the handheld sensor device 101.
[0071] It is to be understood that the shapes and / or spacing of electrical contacts of the handheld sensor device may vary between specific examples.
[0072] Handheld sensor device 101 further comprises a controller 108, comprising a processing unit 109 and a wireless communication interface 110. The processing unit 109 is operatively connected to the first, the second, the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 104, 105, 106, 107. The processing unit 109 is functional to perform sensing routine steps to acquire physiological signals when an individual 200 is holding the handheld sensor device 101.
[0073] More specifically, the processing unit 109 is functional to acquire, during electrical connection of different pairs of electrical contact sets 104, 105, 106, 107 of the handheld sensor device 101, physiological signals of each of at least the following types: electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, bioelectrical impedance (BIA) signals, impedance plethysmography (IPG) signals, as will be described further.
[0074] The processing unit 109 is functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the first and the second electrical contact sets 104, 105 of the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts 301, 302. The processing unit 109 is functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303. The processing unit 109 is functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of one of the first and the second electrical contact sets 104, 105 of the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts 301, 302 and one of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303; for example, between the first electrical contact set 104 of the left-hand sensor part 301 and the third electrical contact set 106 of the intermediate sensor part 303 that is alongside the left-hand sensor part 301, or between the second electrical contact set 105 of the right-hand sensor part 302 and the fourth electrical contact set 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303 that is alongside the right-hand sensor part 302.
[0075] In an embodiment, and in the present specific example, the controller 108 of the handheld sensor device 101 comprising an indicating arrangement 122 that comprises at least one indicating device, for example selected from an illumination device functional to emit light, an audio unit functional to output sound, a tactile output device functional to generate a vibration pattern. The indicating arrangement 122 is beneficially usable to indicate a status of the handheld sensor device 101. In a specific example, the indicating arrangement 122 is functional to indicate progress of a sensing routine, for example, to indicate the start and the end of the sensing routine.
[0076] The evaluation unit 102 is functional to process acquired physiological signals to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health for the individual. The evaluation unit 102 may be provided by any suitable data processing arrangement.
[0077] In an embodiment, and in the present specific embodiment, the system 100 comprises a display unit 111 for outputting a visual display generated from data output by the evaluation unit 102.
[0078] According to the present specific embodiment, the evaluation unit 102 is comprised by a remote device 112. In the illustrated example, the remote device 112 further comprises the display unit 111. In a specific example, the remote device 112 is a mobile device that comprises a touchscreen 204 that comprises the display unit 111 and allows user inputs.
[0079] Data derived from physiological signals acquired by the processing unit 109 during an individual holding the handheld sensor device 101 may be communicated to the evaluation unit 102 in real-time or may be stored locally, in memory comprised by the processing unit 109, and later transferred to the evaluation unit 102. Data is preferably transferred to the evaluation unit 102 via the wireless communication interface 110, although a wired connection between the controller 108 of the handheld sensor device 101 and the evaluation unit 102 may be provided for. Thus, the evaluation unit may comprise a wireless communication interface, or be comprised by a device comprising a wireless communication interface. In a preferred embodiment, wireless communication between the handheld sensor device 101 and the evaluation unit 102 is by a personal area network protocol, such as Bluetooth TM. In a specific example, the handheld sensor device 101 and the evaluation unit 102 are enabled for two-way communication.
[0080] In an alternative specific embodiment, the evaluation unit 102 is comprised by the handheld sensor unit 101. In another alternative specific embodiment, the evaluation unit 102 is comprised by the electronic scale 103. In an alternative embodiment, the system 100 comprises a display unit 111 that is comprised by the electronic scale 103.
[0081] Electronic scale 103 comprises a platform 205 and a weight sensor arrangement 113 associated with the platform 205. The weight sensor arrangement comprises at least one load cell. Electronic scale 103 further comprises a controller 114, comprising a processing unit 115 and a wireless communication interface 116. The processing unit 115 is operatively connected to the weight sensor arrangement 113 and is functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a signal from the weight sensor arrangement 113 indicative of a load detected on the platform 205. The controller 114 is capable of wireless communication with the controller 108 of the handheld sensor device 101. In a preferred embodiment, wireless communication between the handheld sensor device 101 and the electronic scale 102 is by a personal area network protocol, such as Bluetooth TM. A wired connection between the controller 108 of the handheld sensor device 101 and the evaluation unit 102 may however be provided for. In a specific example, the handheld sensor device 101 and the electronic scale 102 are enabled for two-way communication.
[0082] In a preferred embodiment, and in this embodiment, the electronic scale 103 comprises left-foot and right-foot sensor parts 401, 402 and fifth and sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118. Each of the electrical contact sets comprises at least two electrical contacts arranged exteriorly of the platform of the electronic scale, to be touched by the skin of an individual during use.
[0083] The left-foot sensor part 401 and the right-foot sensor part 402 support the fifth electrical contact set 117 and the sixth electrical contact set 118 respectively. The platform 205 is designed to be stood on by the individual 200 with their left and right foot 206, 207 placed on the left-foot and right-foot sensor parts 401, 402 respectively, with the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118 in contact with the skin of the respective foot 206, 207.
[0084] In the present specific example, the fifth electrical contact 117 of the left-foot sensor part 401 comprises two electrical contacts 403, 404 and the sixth electrical contact set 118 of the right-foot sensor part 402 comprises two electrical contacts 405, 406. According to the shown arrangement, the fifth and the sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118 are spaced apart in a width direction W of the platform 205.
[0085] In the illustrated example, the two electrical contacts 403, 404 and 405, 406 of the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set 117, 118 are spaced apart in a depth direction D of the platform 205, whereby one electrical contact 403, 405 of each of the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118 is positioned to be contacted by the heel region of the foot and the other electrical contact 404, 406 of each of the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118 by the ball region of the foot.
[0086] The processing unit 115 of the electronic scale 103 is operatively connected to the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set 117, 118 and is functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection between the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets 117, 118.
[0087] According to this specific example, the weight sensor arrangement 113 comprises first, second, third and fourth load cells 407-410, each of which is positioned in a respective corner of a quadrilateral region 411 of the platform 205. In this specific illustrated example, the quadrilateral region 411 is substantially square.
[0088] According to the present embodiment, the electronic scale 103 comprises an attachment arrangement, indicated at 412, for releasably attaching the handheld sensor device 101 to the electronic scale 103. In Figure 4, the handheld sensor device 101 is shown releasably attached to the electronic scale 103 by the attachment arrangement 412. According to this specific illustrated example the handheld sensor device 101 is shown releasably attached to the electronic scale 103 adjacent a front-edge 413 of the platform 205.
[0089] In a preferred example, the attachment arrangement 412 comprises one or more regions of magnetic material that are co-operable with one or more complementary regions of magnetic material of the handheld sensor device 101. The attachment arrangement 412 may however alternatively or additional comprise one or more mechanical engagement elements for releasably securing the handheld sensor device 101 to the electronic scale 103, for example by means of a press-fit fitting.
[0090] The handheld sensor device 101 being releasably attachable to the electronic scale 103 beneficially provides for convenient storage of the handheld sensor device 101. However, one or other operational functions may be carried out when the handheld sensor device 101 is attached to the electronic scale 103, as discussed below.
[0091] In an embodiment, and in the present embodiment, the handheld sensor device 101 comprises at least one rechargeable battery 119 and the electronic scale 103 comprises a battery recharging unit 120 for recharging the at least one rechargeable battery 119 of the handheld sensor device 101 when the handheld sensor device 101 is releasably attached to the electronic scale 103 by the attachment arrangement 412. The battery recharging unit 120 may be configured to recharge the at least one rechargeable battery 119 by wireless (inductive) charging or wired charging.
[0092] In the present illustrated example, the electronic scale 103 comprises a display screen 121 for outputting a visual display generated from data output by the controller 114. The display screen 121 may, as appropriate, present information associated with use of the electronic scale 103 only and / or information associated with use of the electronic scale 103 together with the handheld sensor device 101.
[0093] The following description relates to ways that the system 100 can be used to acquire physiological signals and determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health of individual 200. As appropriate the individual 200 may hold the handheld sensor device 101 while being in a standing position, a leaning back position or a supine position.
[0094] Figure 5 illustrates a physiological signal being acquired from electrical connection between the first and the second electrical contact set 104, 105 of the left-hand and right-hand sensor parts 301, 302 of the handheld sensor device 101.
[0095] A current is applied between one electrical contact 304, 306 of each of the first and second electrical contact sets 104, 105 and a voltage is measured between the other electrical contact 305, 307 of the first and second electrical contact sets 104, 105. According to one sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is a bioelectrical impedance signal. The evaluation unit 102 can process the bioelectrical impedance signal (in a hand-to-hand region 201-202 of the individual 200) acquired by the processing unit 109 to determine an evaluation of upper body composition (indicating fat, muscle, water content) . According to another sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is an impedance plethysmography signal (in a hand-to-hand region 201-202 of the individual 200) .
[0096] Figure 6 illustrates a physiological signal being acquired from electrical connection between the third and the fourth electrical contact set 106, 107 of the intermediate sensor parts 303 of the handheld sensor device 101.
[0097] A current is applied between one electrical contact 308, 311 of each of the third and fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 and a voltage is measured between the other electrical contact 309, 310 of the third and fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107. According to one sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is a bioelectrical impedance signal. The evaluation unit 102 can process the bioelectrical impedance signal (in an abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) acquired by the processing unit 109 to determine an evaluation of subcutaneous abdominal fat. This metric is useful, as it has been found that the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat provides an important indicator of cardiovascular risk. According to another sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is an impedance plethysmography signal (in an abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) . It is noted that an evaluation of breathing rate can be determined from an impedance plethysmography signal acquired from the abdominal region 203.
[0098] Figure 7 illustrates a physiological signal being acquired from electrical connection between the first and the third electrical contact set 104, 106 of the left-hand and intermediate sensor parts 301, 303 of the handheld sensor device 101 and another physiological signal being acquired from electrical connection between the second and the fourth electrical contact set 105, 107 of the right-hand and intermediate sensor parts 302, 303 of the handheld sensor device 101.
[0099] A current is applied between one electrical contact 304, 309 of the first and the third electrical contact set 104, 106 and a voltage is measured between the other electrical contact 305, 308 of the first and the third electrical contact set 104, 106. According to one sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is a bioelectrical impedance signal. The evaluation unit 102 can process the bioelectrical impedance signal (between the left hand 201 and the abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) acquired by the processing unit 109 to determine an evaluation of an upper, left-side body composition (indicating fat, muscle, water content) . According to another sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is an impedance plethysmography signal (between the left hand 201 and the abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) .
[0100] Similarly, a current is applied between one electrical contact 306, 310 of the second and the fourth electrical contact set 105, 107 and a voltage is measured between the other electrical contact 307, 311 of the second and the fourth electrical contact set 105, 107. According to one sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is a bioelectrical impedance signal. The evaluation unit 102 can process the bioelectrical impedance signal (between the right hand 202 and the abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) acquired by the processing unit 109 to determine an evaluation of an upper, right-side body composition (indicating fat, muscle, water content) . According to another sensing example, the acquired physiological signal is an impedance plethysmography signal (between the right hand 202 and the abdominal region 203 of the individual 200) .
[0101] In an example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an indicator of cardiovascular health that is derived from evaluations of the same type.
[0102] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an indicator of upper body muscle symmetry derived from comparison of an evaluation of an upper, left-side body composition and an evaluation of an upper, right-side body composition.
[0103] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an evaluation of blood flow in the upper body from at least one impedance plethysmography signal acquired from the different electrical connections illustrated in, and described above with reference to, Figures 5 to 7.
[0104] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an evaluation of breathing rate from at least one impedance plethysmography signal acquired from the electrical connections illustrated in, and described above with reference to, Figures 5 to 7.
[0105] In an example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an indicator of cardiovascular health that is derived from evaluations of different types.
[0106] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine an indicator of cardiovascular health derived from an evaluation of subcutaneous abdominal fat and an evaluation of total upper body fat.
[0107] Figure 8 illustrates electrocardiogram signals being acquired using the first and the second electrical contact set 104, 105 of the left-hand and the right-hand sensor part 301, 302 respectively and at least one of the third and fourth electrical contact sets 106, 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303. The handheld sensor device 101 is functional as a 6-lead ECG, as indicated at 801 (Lead I) , 802 (Lead II) , 803 (Lead III) , 804 (Lead aVF) , 805 (Lead aVL) and 806 (Lead aVR) .
[0108] Benefits associated with the 6-lead ECG configuration of the handheld sensor device 101 include improved signal quality arising from utilising the abdominal region instead of the feet; the skin on the abdomen is generally more hydrated than that on the bottom of the foot, which therefore enables lower contact impedance, and no wiring between the handheld sensor device 101 and the electronic scale 103 being required for the voltage measurement, which therefore overcome the associated problems of electronic noise. Another benefit is increased usability; the handheld sensor device 101 not being physically connected to the electronic scale 103 by a wire enables the 6-lead ECG configuration to be used with the individual 200 in a resting position.
[0109] The evaluation unit 102 can process electrocardiogram signals acquired by the processing unit 109 to determine an evaluation of at least one of: heart axis, heart rhythm and heart rate variability.
[0110] An abnormal deviation of the heart axis, indicating underlying pathology, can be used in the determination of the presence of one or more of a variety of cardiovascular conditions.
[0111] For example, different reasons for an abnormal heart axis include: right ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement of right ventricular myocardial mass) , left ventricular atrophy (decrease in myocardial mass of the left ventricle) , conduction abnormalities, deviation of heart position in the chest (physiologically, heart axis deviation may occur in tall and thin individuals; pathologically, conditions such as a left-sided pneumothorax and lung hyperinflation (e.g. COPD) can cause rightwards displacement of the heart, and he congenital condition of dextrocardia results in right axis deviation) , thickened left ventricle, inferior wall myocardial infection, ventricular ectopic rhythms (ventricular tachycardias, accelerated idioventricular rhythm, ventricular escape rhythm) , congenital heart disease, high potassium levels, emphysema, ventricular pacing (electrical stimulation provided by pacemakers) .
[0112] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart axis and an evaluation of heart rhythm.
[0113] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart rate variability. The heart rate variability can give information on, for example, cardiovascular risk of a patient (generally the higher the heart rate variability the healthier the person) and on the rested state of an athlete after training.
[0114] In an example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to process impedance plethysmography signals or, in combination, impedance plethysmography and electrocardiogram signals, to determine an evaluation of at least one of: pulse arrival time (PAT) , pulse transit time (PTT) .
[0115] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from a comparison of an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a left-side region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a right-side region of the upper body.
[0116] A comparison of PAT in the left arm and the right arm (or simply the time difference between two IPG signals) should provide a result close to zero for symmetrical arms. A different result would arise if the pulse wave velocity is greater in one arm than the other, which could be caused by, for example, a blockage in an artery; therefore asymmetry indicates an increased cardiovascular risk (arteriosclerosis diseases being mainly asymmetrical in their development) .
[0117] In a specific example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a hand-to-hand region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in an abdominal region.
[0118] Figure 9 illustrates physiological signals being acquired using the handheld sensor device 101 and the electronic scale 103.
[0119] In an example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to process physiological signals acquired by the processing unit 109 of the handheld sensor device 101 in combination with a signal acquired from the weight sensor arrangement 113 of the electronic scale 103.
[0120] In an example, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to process physiological signals acquired using the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set 117, 118 of the electronic scale 103 to determine an evaluation of a lower body composition.
[0121] In an example, and as indicated at 901, at least one of the processing units 109, 115 of the handheld sensor device 101 and the electronic scale 103 is functional to perform a common impedance measurement, indicated at 902, when the handheld sensor device 101 is attached to the electronic scale 103.
[0122] As previously indicated, in the present illustrated example, the data derived from physiological signals acquired using the handheld sensor device 101 can be communicated to the electronic scale 103, which can then display body analysis results on display screen 121.
[0123] In an embodiment, the processor 109 of the handheld sensor device 101 is functional to acquire multiple physiological signals contemporaneously. In an embodiment, the processor 115 of the electronic scale 103 is functional to acquire multiple physiological signals contemporaneously. Multiple physiological signals acquired contemporaneously may be acquired simultaneously and / or in quick succession (whereby to appear simultaneously acquired) , as appropriate depending on the physiological signals being acquired. Thus, individual 200 can obtain, during a single testing session using the handheld sensor device 101 alone or with the electronic scale 103, a set of results comprising different readings.
[0124] Figure 10 illustrates different screens of an application running on remote device 112 being displayed by touchscreen 204. At 1001 and 1002, a user profile screen 1003 and a results screen 1004 are shown respectively.
[0125] In the specific illustrated example, the user profile screen 1003 shows the following user profile value fields: height 1005, weight 1006, age 1007, gender 1008. In an example, an individual can input and adjust user profile values within these user profile value fields using the touchscreen 204. User profile values may however be provided to the application, and to the evaluation unit 102, in any other suitable way. It is to be appreciated that the number and type of user profile values forming a user profile may vary between examples.
[0126] In the specific illustrated example, the results screen 1004 shows the following results: trunk fat mass 1009, left arm fat mass 1010, right arm fat mass 1011, subcutaneous belly fat 1012, subcutaneous / total belly fat 1013. It is to be appreciated that the number and type of results viewable using the application, over one or more screens, may vary between examples.
[0127] In an embodiment, the evaluation unit 102 is functional to process at least one acquired physiological signal in combination with at least one user profile value input to the evaluation unit 102, the at least one user profile value selected from, age, height, weight, gender.
[0128] The system 100 is usable to perform the following:
[0129] - evaluating a risk of the individual having or developing peripheral artery disease (PAD) or carotid artery disease (CAD) by assessing the symmetry of timing parameters (PAT) in their arms;
[0130] - evaluating cardiovascular health of the individual by determining trunk pulse wave velocity using hand-to-hand IPG and abdominal IPG.
[0131] - screening of the individual for cardiac pathologies using a 6-lead ECG configuration and analyzing both the heart rhythm and the heart axis;
[0132] - evaluating a cardiovascular risk of the individual using a 6-lead ECG configuration and analyzing heart rate variability;
[0133] - calculating a cardiovascular risk of the individual from upper body total fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat content and adjusting previously determined risks based on the body composition of the individual.
[0134] - a deep fitness level assessment involving measuring the body composition of the individual including thickness of subcutaneous belly fat, measuring heart rate variability of the individual and using the results to assist in optimizing a training program for the individual.
[0135] Figure 11 shows features of an example method 1101 for processing user profile value inputs and sensor inputs (acquired physiological signals) to provide results for an individual, which are then utilised to provide an insight into the fitness level of the individual.
[0136] The example method utilises the following information inputs: physical activity frequency, height, gender, age; and the following sensor inputs: BIA-abdomen, weight, BIA-body, ECG. As indicated, the information and sensor inputs are processed to provide the following results: subcutaneous abdominal fat, body composition, muscle mass, fat mass, arm symmetry, heart rate, heart rate variability, extracted parameters (the following being a non-limiting list: HF, LF, rMSSD, TP, SDNN) . As also indicated, the results are then utilised to provide a fitness score / advice on training.
[0137] Figure 12 shows features of an example method 1201 for processing user profile value inputs and sensor inputs (acquired physiological signals) to provide results for an individual, which are then utilised to provide an insight of cardiovascular risk.
[0138] The example method utilises the following information inputs: height, gender, age; and the following sensor inputs: BIA-abdomen, weight, BIA-body, IPG, ECG. As indicated, the information and sensor inputs are processed to provide the following results: subcutaneous abdominal fat, body composition, trunk fat mass, left arm IPG, right arm IPG, hand-to-hand IPG, abdominal IPG, trunk pulse wave velocity, breathing rate, heart axis, heart rhythm, heart rate, heart rate variability, extracted parameters (the following being a non-limiting list: HF, LF, rMSSD, TP, SDNN) , whether a combination of the subcutaneous abdominal fat and the trunk fat mass exceeds a predefined value (indicating increased cardiovascular risk) , whether a comparison of the left arm IPG and the right arm IPG exceeds a predefined value (indicating increased cardiovascular risk) , whether trunk pulse wave velocity exceeds a predefined value (indicating increased cardiovascular risk) , whether breathing rate exceeds a predefined value (indicating increased cardiovascular risk) , whether the heart axis exceeds a predefined range (indicating abnormal heart axis) , whether the heart rhythm exceeds a predefined heart rhythm pattern (indicating arrhythmia) , whether the heart rate exceeds a predefined value (indicating increased cardiovascular risk) . As also indicated, the results are then utilised to provide a cardiovascular risk score.
[0139] Figure 13 shows a handheld sensor device 1301 according to another specific example. The handheld sensor device 1301 is like handheld sensor device 101 but each of the third and the fourth electrical contact set 106, 107 of the intermediate sensor part 303 comprises a third electrical contact 1302, 1303.
[0140] Figure 14 shows a handheld sensor device 1401 according to a specific example. The handheld sensor device 1401 is like handheld sensor device 101 but has an intermediate sensor part 303 that comprises a curved profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of an individual. This feature may serve to improve user comfort and / or indicate a desired orientation for the individual to hold the intermediate sensor part against their abdomen.
[0141] Figure 15 shows a handheld sensor device 1501 according to a specific example. The handheld sensor device 1501 is like handheld sensor device 101 but has an intermediate sensor part 303 that has an adjustable profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of an individual. In an example, the intermediate sensor part 303 comprises a soft fabric, which may be designed to be rolled up and stored between or inside the left-hand and the right- hand sensor parts 301, 302. The adjustable profile may assist with comfortable and / or proper contact between the electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part and the individual's abdomen being achieved.
[0142] The disclosed system, comprising the disclosed handheld sensor device and evaluation unit and optionally further comprising the disclosed electronic scale, provides improvements in apparatus for an individual to use to assess / monitor their own fitness level / cardiovascular health / cardiovascular risk. The disclosed handheld sensor device and the disclosed electronic scale each have a convenient form factor and are each functional to acquire physiological signals of a desired quality, and the evaluation unit, which can also have a convenient form factor, is functional to process acquired physiological signals of one or more different types to provide readings / results indicating one or more of a: a measurement, an estimation, an indication, a prediction. Each of the disclosed handheld sensor device, disclosed evaluation unit, and disclosed electronic scale comprises suitable hardware and / or software configured to enable the stated associated functionality to be carried out.
Claims
1.A system, comprising:a handheld sensor device for an individual to hold with both their hands at the same time, the handheld sensor device comprising:a left-hand sensor part for the individual to hold with their left hand, the left-hand sensor part supporting a first electrical contact set for contacting a hand holding the left-hand sensor part,a right-hand sensor part for the individual to hold with their right hand, the right-hand sensor part supporting a second electrical contact set for contacting a hand holding the right-hand sensor part,an intermediate sensor part for the individual to hold against their abdomen, the intermediate sensor part supporting a third electrical contact set and a fourth electrical contact set for contacting an abdomen that the intermediate sensor part is held against, anda controller comprising a processing unit and a wireless communication interface, the processing unit operatively connected to the first, second, third and fourth electrical contact set and functional to perform each of:a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part,a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, anda sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection of at least one of the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and one of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part; andan evaluation unit functional to process acquired physiological signals, to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health;the processing unit functional to acquire physiological signals of the following types:electrocardiogram signals,bioelectrical impedance signals,impedance plethysmography signals.2.The system of claim 1, whereineach of the first, second, third and fourth electrical contact sets comprises at least a first and a second electrical contact, andthe third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part are spaced apart from each other and positioned alongside the left-hand and the right-hand sensor parts respectively.3.The system of claim 1 or claim 2, the evaluation unit functional to process a bioelectrical impedance signal acquired using the third and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of abdominal subcutaneous fat.4.The system of any of claims 1 to 3, the evaluation unit functional to process a bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part, to determine an evaluation of upper body composition.5.The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, the evaluation unit functional to process:a bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the third electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of a left-side body composition; anda bioelectrical impedance signal, acquired using the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of a right-side body composition.6.The system of claim 3 and claim 5, the evaluation unit functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of subcutaneous abdominal fat and an evaluation of total of upper body fat.7.The system of any one of claims 1 to 6, the evaluation unit functional to process electrocardiogram signals, acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part, the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor and at least one of the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, to determine an evaluation of at least one of:heart axis,heart rhythm,heart rate variability.8.The system of claim 7, the evaluation unit functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart axis and an evaluation of heart rhythm.9.The system of claim 7, the evaluation unit functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of heart rate variability.10.The system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the evaluation unit functional to process at least one of:an impedance plethysmography signal acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part,an impedance plethysmography signal acquired using the third and the fourth electrical contact sets of the intermediate sensor part, andimpedance plethysmography signals acquired using the first electrical contact set of the left-hand sensor part and the third electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part, and the second electrical contact set of the right-hand sensor part and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part;to determine an evaluation of blood flow in the upper body.11.The system of claim 10, the evaluation unit functional to process impedance plethysmography signals or, in combination, impedance plethysmography and electrocardiogram signals, to determine an evaluation of at least one of: pulse arrival time, pulse transit time.12.The system of claim 11, the evaluation unit functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from a comparison of an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a left-side region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a right-side region of the upper body.13.The system of claim 11, the evaluation unit functional to determine a cardiovascular risk value derived from an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in a hand-to-hand region of the upper body and an evaluation of pulse arrival time of blood flow in an abdominal region.14.The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, the evaluation unit functional to process at least one impedance plethysmography signal to determine an evaluation of breathing rate.15.The system of any one of claims 1 to 14, the evaluation unit functional to process at least one acquired physiological signal in combination with at least one user profile value input to the evaluation unit, the at least one user profile value selected from:age;height;weight;gender.16.The system of any of claims 1 to 15, further comprising an electronic scale, the electronic scale comprising:a platform for the individual to stand on and a weight sensor arrangement associated with the platform, the weight sensor arrangement comprising at least one load cell, anda controller comprising a wireless communication interface and a processing unit, the processing unit operatively connected to the weight sensor arrangement and functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a signal from the weight sensor arrangement indicative of a load detected on the platform;the controller of the electronic weighing scale capable of wireless communication with the controller of the handheld sensor device.17.The system of claim 16, the evaluation unit functional to process physiological signals acquired by the processing unit of the handheld sensor device in combination with a signal acquired from the weight sensor arrangement to determine at least one evaluation of cardiovascular health.18.The system of claim 16 or claim 17, the platform of the electronic scale comprising:a left-foot sensor part for the individual to place their left foot on, the left-foot sensor part supporting a fifth electrical contact set for contacting a foot upon the left-foot sensor part,a right-foot sensor part for the individual to place their right foot on, the right-foot sensor part supporting a sixth electrical contact set for contacting a foot upon the right-foot sensor part,the processing unit of the electronic scale operatively connected to the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set and functional to perform a sensing routine to acquire a physiological signal from electrical connection between the fifth and sixth electrical contact sets.19.The system of claim 18, wherein each of the fifth and the sixth electrical contact sets of the platform comprises at least a first and a second electrical contact.20.The system of claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the evaluation unit is functional to process physiological signals acquired using the fifth and the sixth electrical contact set of the electronic scale to determine an evaluation of a lower body composition.21.The system of any one of claims 16 to 20, comprising an attachment arrangement for releasably attaching the handheld sensor device to the electronic scale.22.The system of claim 21, wherein the handheld controller device comprises at least one rechargeable battery and the electronic scale comprises a battery recharging unit for recharging the at least one rechargeable battery when the handheld sensor device is attached to the electronic scale by the attachment arrangement.23.The system of claim 21 or claim 22, wherein at least one of the processing units of the handheld sensor device and the electronic scale is functional to perform a common impedance measurement when the handheld sensor device is attached to the electronic scale.24.The system of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the evaluation unit is comprised by a remote device.25.The system of claim 24, wherein the remote device is a mobile device.26.The system of any one of claims 1 to 24, further comprising a display unit for outputting a visual display generated from data output by the evaluation unit.27.The system of claim 24 when dependent upon any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the electronic scale comprises the display unit.28.The system of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein each of the third and the fourth electrical contact set of the intermediate sensor part of the handheld sensor device further comprises at least a third electrical contact.29.The system of any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the intermediate sensor part comprises a curved profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of the individual.30.The system of any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the intermediate sensor part has an adjustable profile for facilitating contact with the abdomen of the individual.31.The system of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the controller of the handheld sensor device further comprises an indicating arrangement that comprises at least one indicating device selected from:an illumination device functional to emit light;an audio unit functional to output sound;a tactile output device functional to generate a vibration pattern.
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