Protective housing for batteries, accumulators, and electrically rechargeable cells, and all means for storing electric energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a protective housing (30) for batteries, comprising an outer wall (8) and a compartment (31) which is arranged between the inner chamber (33) and the outer wall (8) of the protective housing and in which water (H2O) is located, said inner chamber (33) having at least one connection by means of an electric cable (16) outside of the protective housing (30). According to the invention, at least one line runs through the compartment (31), said line having impermeable heat-conductive walls in contact with water (H2O), and connects the interior of the compartment (31) to the exterior of the protective housing (30), and a filter (35) is included between the exterior of the protective housing and a part of the line so as to contact water (H2O), said filter containing activated carbon and / or an adsorbent molecular sieve. The smoke can be cooled by the walls of the line, which thermally contacts the water (H2O), and a burst valve / rupture element and / or overpressure valve (38) is arranged between the inner chamber (33) and the filter (35).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a protective housing for batteries, accumulators, and electrically rechargeable cells, as well as all means for storing electrical energy. Rechargeable batteries are increasingly being used today, for example, to power electric bicycles or traditional batteries for drills, saws, and the like, or in photovoltaic systems such as buffer batteries and the like. The presence of multiple batteries in residential or work environments raises the problem of safely storing these devices, as there is a risk of overheating and fire, and the resulting formation of toxic gases, especially during charging or storage. This is particularly problematic in enclosed spaces within buildings, poses a significant danger to people who may be present there, and requires a solution.which minimizes the release of toxic gases due to overheating. These accumulators and / or batteries pose the risk of overheating / combustion with the formation of toxic gases. For example, lithium hexafluoride phosphate (LiPF6), a substance commonly used as an electrolyte for electron exchange, can be released upon overheating. Depending on the temperature reached, gaseous substances such as hydrofluoric acid and other organic substances such as perfluoroisobutene (C4F8) or other highly toxic substances can also be formed. Even small batteries, such as those used to power bicycles or electric scooters, can generate a significant amount of these toxic gases, making it necessary to limit their release in enclosed spaces or outdoors. The present invention aims to reduce this risk to a minimum. A variety of housings are known that contain batteries,Protect accumulators and rechargeable electrical cells from external fire, but do not prevent the escape of toxic fumes generated during combustion. A housing made of a polymer material is known from US 20050170238, which is flame-resistant and provides shielding, a heat shield to protect a device containing a battery inside. Chinese utility model CN205543089 describes a lithium-ion battery with an outer sealing shell that encloses the battery within the outer sealing shell. A cavity is provided between the sealing shell and the battery. The cavity is filled with protective gas and must have an anodized rod at its negative end. Valves are provided for discharging and charging the gas, but not for gas treatment. WO 2022084220 describes a protective housing for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells, comprising a body,which forms an inner chamber for accommodating a battery, an accumulator, and / or an electric cell, characterized in that the protective housing has at least one chamber, this chamber is thermally connected via at least one surface forming the at least one wall of the protective housing and forms a compartment in the protective housing body in which water (H2O) is present, and this compartment has at least one one-way valve for releasing excess pressure and a supply channel for filling the compartment with water, and the inner chamber has at least one connection via an electrical cable to the outside of the protective housing and at least one inner surface of the protective housing forming the compartment in which thermally conductive water is present. This system does not provide for smoke treatment. CN112370692A describes a chamber in which batteries are inserted, and when a smoke sensor detects smoke,A signal is given and carbon dioxide is injected to prevent the battery from burning. Smoke treatment is not taught. DE 10 2012019 676 describes a bag for transporting batteries, consisting of a textile element. This non-rigid structure requires internal overpressure, which causes the vapors generated by the batteries to flow through a textile material. This bag does not allow the batteries to be assembled and charged inside. Furthermore, the shape of the bag must be checked each time and is not user-friendly. The use of a material impregnated with a vapor-permeable liquid makes sizing the batteries difficult and costly. In the event of a strong release of vapors due to overheating, the fabric also has difficulty containing the release of toxic vapors. The presence of, for example, water bound to the absorption materialHowever, it requires a temperature of over 100°C to evaporate, thus absorbing heat and lowering the temperature of the vapors. The material intended to absorb heat can lose this property over time through sublimation or evaporation. There is no indicator of the actual ability to absorb heat. Furthermore, water vapor combines with the gases / vapors in the battery, resulting in a "steam distillation effect" that would reduce filtration efficiency and complicate the removal of toxic gases. DE 10 2014 203133 describes a device for tempering and degassing battery cells, comprising: a tempering device for tempering the battery cells using a tempering medium, a gas collection device for collecting harmful gases from the battery cells, a transfer device,which is communicatively connected to the temperature control device and which is communicatively connected to the gas collection device, for transferring thermal energy between the collected harmful gas and the temperature control medium, and a degassing device which is communicatively connected to the transfer device, for degassing the collected harmful gas. This system has been implemented for vehicles. It does not allow, with a simple system, both to absorb the energy from the battery in the event of a fire and to cool down the gases. This purpose is achieved by a protective housing for batteries, accumulators and electrical cells according to the characterizing part of claim 1. A protective housing for batteries, accumulators and electrical cells is proposed, which has an inner chamber for accommodating a battery, an accumulator and / or electrical cells. According to the invention, the protective housing for batteries,Accumulators and electric cells with an inner chamber for accommodating a battery, an accumulator and / or electric cells and an outer wall and with a compartment arranged between the inner chamber and the outer wall of the protective casing, in which water is located and the inner chamber has at least one connection by means of an electric cable outside the protective casing, characterized in that at least one line with impermeable, heat-conducting walls in contact with water (H2O) runs through this compartment and connects the interior of the compartment to the outside of the protective casing and between the outside of the protective casing and a part of the line in contact with water (H2O) is inserted a filter containing activated carbon and / or adsorbing molecular sieves, wherein the line can conduct smoke from the inner chamber to the outside through the activated carbon filter and / or adsorbing molecular sieves and wherein the smoke passes through the walls of the line,which is in thermal contact with the water (H2O), can be cooled, and that a burst valve / rupture element and / or pressure relief valve is arranged between the inner chamber and the filter. The burst valve / rupture element and / or pressure relief valve is arranged in the line. The compartment can also be formed by a double wall. The thermally conductive walls of the line are arranged in front of the filter / screen in the direction of smoke flow to cool the smoke in front of the filter / screen, particularly to a temperature below 100°C. An indirect heat transfer takes place between the smoke flowing through the line and the water. Advantageously, a bundle of pipes is used to transport the flue gases through the water. In this way, the flue gas temperature is reduced to below 100°C. The pipe(s) can be considered a heat exchanger. It is advantageous that the channel(s) have a small cross-section,to limit the flue gas flow rate. Advantageously, the water vapor generated in the compartment can be discharged to the outside via a valve. In this system, the toxic substances generated during the overheating of batteries and electric accumulators can be retained by suitable filter systems, as described above, activated carbon, but also adsorptive molecular sieves. Acidic gases (e.g., hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid), which can also be generated during overheating, can be retained by basic adsorbents, such as bicarbonates or carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Advantageously, the invention provides a multi-stage filter system that includes adsorbents such as activated carbon, molecular sieves for organic substances, a material for absorbing any acidic vapors that may be generated during overheating, e.g., hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid, which can be adsorbed by basic adsorbents,such as bicarbonates or carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, can be retained, as well as filters for particles and fine dust. The system thus makes it possible to retain the substances emitted with the vapors generated by overheating. To limit possible open flames, a material can be installed in the inner chamber in which the battery is housed that, when heated, releases such a quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) that the chamber is saturated and the existing oxygen (oxidizer) is reduced to a minimum. In this way, the present invention prevents toxic substances from escaping into the air.and thus ensures the safety of people and the environment. A pressure relief valve and / or a burst valve / rupture element is arranged between the inner chamber and the filter, allowing any excess pressure or part of it to be throttled and preventing smoke / vapor from escaping without being regularly filtered or damaging the filter. Advantageously, a chamber / lung can be provided inside the protective housing and / or connected to a chamber / lung. This chamber / lung is made accessible, for example, through a pressure relief valve in the event of a sudden pressure increase. This chamber / lung absorbs any excess pressure or part of it. Once filled, it slowly vents and directs the vapors through the immersed line(s) to the filter. To enhance this effect, the chamber / lung is advantageously filled with an "air bag" made of an elastic,heat-resistant material. Preferably, the chamber is accessible through a door. The door can have a lock and / or a locking element that locks the door above a certain temperature, e.g., by means of a bimetallic foil that deforms at a certain temperature and closes the door. In a further embodiment, the battery, the accumulator, and / or the electrical cells are permanently mounted inside the protective housing and connected to the house's electrical system, thus acting as an electrical energy storage device, combined, for example, with photovoltaic panels that charge the battery during the day and are then used in the evening for household use or in the event of a power outage, with the accumulator being safely stored. Advantageously, the outer walls of the protective housing are insulated from the outside, i.e., they do not allow any heat transfer between the outside and the chamber in which the battery,The accumulator and / or the electrical cell are arranged. The inner chamber of the protective housing, in which the battery, the accumulator, and / or the electrical cell are arranged, is connected by at least one power supply line, e.g., for charging the battery. The battery is advantageously connected to the house's electrical grid so that it acts as a reserve; for example, it can be charged during the day by the energy from the photovoltaic systems and supply the house with electricity in the evening, e.g., when no electricity from the photovoltaic system is available. A layer of metal sponge can be applied to the inside of the chamber in which the battery is housed to dampen the spread of the generated heat and facilitate the escape of the resulting gases. A fiberglass mat can be placed inside the battery chamber.to limit the movement of the battery in the event of overheating. Advantageously, the power conversion system (e.g., DC-AC conversion) is housed outside the protective housing, and only one or more power cables lead into the protective housing. An example of a protective housing according to the invention is described below in a non-limiting manner with reference to the attached figures. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a protective housing in a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention. Figures 2 and 3 show two parts of the protective housing according to the invention. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a filter of the protective housing. Figures 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d show views and sections of the container according to the invention. Figures 6a and 6b show a section and a side view of a protective housing according to the invention. Figure 6b, reference numeral 30, shows a protective housing for batteries.Accumulators and / or charging cells with electrical components in a preferred embodiment. This protective housing 30 has a body 36 that forms an inner chamber, an inner chamber 33, in which the battery can be arranged. The battery arranged in the inner chamber 33 can be introduced into the chamber 33 for charging the battery, for example, by means of a cable, or in a further embodiment, a battery, an accumulator, or an electrical charging cell can be permanently arranged in the inner chamber 33. The door can have a lock and / or a locking system that locks the door above a certain temperature, advantageously a bimetal that deforms and locks the door. Several batteries can also be accommodated in the inner chamber simultaneously. The inner chamber is advantageously thermally connected to a compartment 31 formed in the wall of the protective housing 30 by an inner wall 15, which can be connected, for example, via a metal surface.which conducts the heat from the inner chamber 33 into the compartment 31. The compartment 31 can also be formed by a double wall. Water (H2O) is arranged inside the compartment 31. The inner chamber 33 is connected to the outside of the protective housing 30 by at least one line 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4, which runs through the compartment 31, wherein the line 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4 has at least one heat-conducting surface and leads through the line 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4 through water into the compartment 31 in order to cool the flue gas flowing through the line(s) 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4. A filter 35 is arranged between the part of the line 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4 that is in thermal contact with water and the outside. This filter 35 is advantageously formed by an activated carbon filter and / or adsorbing molecular sieve. The compartment 31 has a channel and / or an access line.through which the compartment 31 is filled with water. The amount of water is adjusted according to the portion of the line 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4 that passes through the compartment 31, and advantageously according to the capacity of the batteries arranged in the inner chamber 33. The compartment 31 has an outlet provided by an outlet valve to release excess pressure that arises when the water is heated by heating the battery and transforms into a gaseous state. To avoid the risk of explosion, this water is discharged through the outlet valve. Preferably, the compartment forms a jacket around the inner chamber 33. In a preferred embodiment, several compartments / chambers can be arranged around the inner chamber 33 or formed by a double wall. These compartments can be connected to one another or separated from one another. In a preferred embodiment, a filter 35 can also be arranged in the door 34.to filter the gas flowing through the channels 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4. Each compartment 31 is advantageously thermally connected to the inner chamber 33. Advantageously, the protective housing 30 has a heat-insulating outer wall that prevents heat from outside from penetrating the compartment formed in the walls of the protective housing. This is intended in the event that a fire breaks out outside and the heat of the fire evaporates the water. If the battery and / or the batteries inside overheat, there would no longer be enough water to absorb this heat, and there would be a risk of the battery or batteries inside exploding in the space inside the protective box. The system can be easily filled with water to ensurethat any leakage is compensated. For this purpose, the liquid indicator 11 can be provided with the liquid indicator rod 18.1. A detection and / or signaling device can be arranged on the outlet valve, which triggers an alarm when vapors escape from the chamber(s), e.g., through a bimetallic strip. This signals that overheating is present in the inner chamber 33 and / or the protective housing 30. Advantageously, this vapor escape can also interrupt the electrical connection to the inner chamber, the inner chamber 33, in order to interrupt the power supply and thus reduce the risk of overheating and / or destruction of the battery in the inner chamber. Advantageously, a locking element can be provided in the door lock 34, which locks the door at a predetermined temperature to prevent access to the inner chamber 33. The water arranged in the compartments, the surface of which is in thermal contact with the inner chamber 33,can advantageously absorb at least 40% of the thermal energy present in the batteries, accumulators, and / or load cells arranged in the inner chamber 33. Additional heat can be absorbed by the subsequent evaporation of the water (latent heat), which buffers the temperature to 100°C. The filter 35 consists of at least one layer of activated carbon 6.1, 6.2 and advantageously of at least one layer of bicarbonate. The filter 35 is preferably arranged in the door 34. Advantageously, a layer of metal foam 19 is arranged in the inner chamber 33 so that the heat in the air is better dissipated. Advantageously, a space / lung 22 can be provided and / or connected inside the protective housing 30.which, in the event of a sudden pressure increase, is made accessible, for example, by means of a pressure relief valve / pressure element 21, and absorbs the excess pressure or part of it. After filling, it slowly releases it and vents the vapors (smoke) through the (pipe) line(s) 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4. To enhance this effect, the space / lung 22 is advantageously formed by an "air bag" made of an elastic, heat-resistant material. The variants of the invention described above serve only to better understand the device, its operation, and the properties of the presented solution; they do not limit the scope of protection by the implementation examples. Finally, it is noted that expressions such as "comprising" and "having" or the like do not exclude the possibility of providing further elements or steps. Furthermore, it is pointed out thatthat "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, the features described in connection with the various embodiments can be combined with one another as desired. Finally, it is noted that the reference numbers in the claims should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the claims. List of reference numbers 1 Seal 2 Closure 3 Filter container 4.1 Separator 4.2 Separator 4.3 Separator 4.4 Separator 4.5 Separator 5.1 Bicarbonate 5.2 Bicarbonate 6.1 Activated carbon 6.2 Activated carbon 7 Lid 8 Outer wall 9 Fastening element 10 Bracket for charging system 11 Liquid indicator 12 Pressure relief valve 13 Compartment protective housing 14.1, 14.2,14.3 and 14.4 Pipe / Piping 15 Inner wall 16 Electric cable / Power cable 17 Spacer 18.1 Cover 18.2 Liquid indicator rod 19 Metal foam 20.1 Seal cable 20.2 Seal cable 21 Burst valve / Rupture element 22 Lung / room 30 Protective housing 31 Compartment 33 Inner chamber 34 Door 35 Filter 36 Body of the protective housing 37 Charging system 38 Pressure relief valve,

[0002] 20 1 Seal cable

[0003] 20 2 Seal cable

[0004] 21 Burst valve / rupture element

[0005] 22 Lungs / room 30 protective housing

[0006] 31 compartments

[0007] 33 Interior chamber

[0008] 34 Door

[0009] 35 Filter 36 Body of the protective housing

[0010] 37 Charging system

[0011] 38 pressure relief valve

Claims

1 Patent Claims 1. Protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators and electrical cells with an inner chamber (33) for accommodating a battery, an accumulator and / or electrical cells and an outer wall (8) and with a compartment (31) arranged between the inner chamber (33) and the outer wall (8) of the protective housing, in which compartment water (H2O) is located and the inner chamber (33) has at least one connection by means of an electrical cable (16) outside the protective housing (30), characterized in that at least one line (14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4) leads through this compartment (31).4) with impermeable, heat-conducting walls in contact with water (H2O) and connects the inside of the compartment (31) to the outside of the protective housing (30) and between the outside of the protective housing and a part of the line in contact with water (H2O) a filter (35) containing activated carbon and / or adsorbing molecular sieves is inserted, wherein the line can conduct smoke from the inner chamber to the outside through the activated carbon filter and / or adsorbing molecular sieves and wherein the smoke can be cooled by the walls of the line which is in thermal contact with the water (H2O) and that a bursting valve / rupture element and / or pressure relief valve (38) is inserted between the. 2 interior chamber (33) and the filter (35).

2. Protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells according to claim 1, characterized in that the burst valve / rupture element and / or pressure relief valve (38) is arranged in the line.

3. Protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective housing has at least one chamber, said chamber being thermally connected by means of at least one surface forming at least one wall of the protective housing and forming a compartment in the body (36) of the protective housing containing water (H2O) with a level indicator, said compartment comprising at least one one-way valve for relieving excess pressure and a supply channel for filling the compartment with water, and at least one interior surface of the protective housing forming the compartment containing thermally conductive water.Protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators and electrical cells according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the interior of the inner chamber (33). 3 metal foam (19) and / or a steel wool mat is arranged.

5. A protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner chamber has and / or is connected to a lung / space (22) that is accessible above a pressure limit.

6. A protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells according to claim 4, characterized in that a burst valve / rupture element (21) is arranged between the lung / space (22) and the inner chamber (33).

7. A protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators, and electrical cells according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the lung / space (22) consists of a flexible, heat-resistant, elastically stretchable, and retractable material. 8.Protective housing (30) for batteries, accumulators and electrical cells according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space accessible through a door (34) inside the protective housing (33) has a lock and / or a locking system (2) which... 4 Door closes above a certain temperature by means of a bimetallic strip which deforms and locks the door (34).

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