Method for producing a projectile with a projectile body and with a guide structure applied to the projectile body, and projectile

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a projectile (10) with a projectile body (12) and with a guide structure (22) applied to the projectile body (12), comprising: providing the projectile body and applying the guide structure to the projectile body by overlay welding at least one overlay material (26). The invention also relates to a projectile with a guide structure made of an overlay welded material.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a projectile comprising a projectile body and a guiding structure, in particular a guiding band, applied thereto. The invention also relates to a projectile with such a guiding structure.

[0002] Common projectiles typically have at least one driving band on an outer surface of the projectile body, which serves to guide the projectile in a gun barrel. The driving band can also, for example, impart spin to the projectile. In addition to this guiding function, the driving band can also provide a seal against hot propellant gases.

[0003] A projectile with a driving band is known, for example, from EP 1 348 930 A1.

[0004] To manufacture such projectiles with a driving band, a circumferential groove is conventionally machined into the projectile body, into which a ring is then shrunk or pressed. It is also known, for example from EP 0 775 888 A2, to attach a band to the projectile body by friction welding.

[0005] The invention addresses the problem of providing projectiles in a simple and cost-effective manner that are robust and wear-resistant in use.

[0006] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method with the features of claim 1. This method is for manufacturing a projectile with a projectile body, in particular a metallic one, and with at least one guiding structure, in particular a radially projecting one, applied to the projectile body, especially in the form of a guide band. Preferably, the projectile body defines a receiving space for payload, e.g., a penetrator and / or an explosive charge. The guiding structure is designed, in particular, to guide and / or seal the projectile in a gun barrel.

[0007] The method comprises providing the projectile body and subsequently applying the guidance structure to the projectile body, in particular to the projectile casing. The guidance structure is applied by cladding at least one material. In this respect, the application of the guidance structure specifically comprises providing at least one material and applying this material to the projectile body, in particular to an outer surface of the projectile body, by means of cladding, especially laser cladding.

[0008] In the proposed method, the guide structure is additively produced on the projectile body using weld overlay. This creates a robust, and in particular, material-bonded connection between the projectile body and the overlay material. Furthermore, pretreatment steps of the projectile body, such as the creation of a groove, can be reduced, simplifying projectile manufacturing and thus lowering costs. Overall, this allows for the production of projectile bodies with thinner walls compared to the current state of the art. For projectile bodies with a receiving chamber, this enables an increased loading volume for the same external dimensions.

[0009] The projectile body is preferably made of steel, in particular steel tubing or round steel stock.

[0010] The guidance structure can be designed in various ways. In particular, the guidance structure can completely encircle the projectile body along its circumference. Preferably, the guidance structure is designed in the form of an annular guide band, especially one that encircles the projectile body along its circumference.

[0011] It is also conceivable that the guidance structure comprises a plurality of spaced-apart guide sections. The guide sections can be arranged along a circumference around the building body.

[0012] The guidance structure preferably extends only over a section of the projectile body along a longitudinal axis of the projectile.

[0013] Preferably, the guide structure is applied directly, i.e., immediately, to the projectile body, in particular to an outer surface of the projectile body. The guide structure can therefore be in direct contact with the projectile body. This does not preclude the projectile body from being made of a coated material. In this way, a particularly robust bond can be established between the projectile body and the coating material.

[0014] Cladding (sometimes also referred to as overlay welding) is understood here to be a process in which a surface coating is applied to a substrate by melting an overlay material with a heat source and simultaneously or subsequently depositing it onto the substrate surface. The overlay material is understood here to be the starting material that is fed to the heat source for melting. The overlay material can be in powder form, e.g., as metal powder, or also as wire or strip.

[0015] Preferably, the at least one coating material is applied by means of laser cladding. In this context, laser cladding is understood to mean, in particular, cladding welding in which a laser serves as a heat source for melting the at least one coating material.

[0016] According to one exemplary implementation of cladding, in particular laser cladding, a molten pool of the cladding material is created on a surface of the projectile body, in particular the outer surface of the projectile body, by means of the heat source, in particular by means of the laser beam. The cladding material can then be fed to the molten pool, in particular continuously, via a feed device.

[0017] It is conceivable that the deposition material is melted before impacting the molten pool, for example, at a focus of the laser beam, and then deposited. In this respect, the deposition material can be introduced into the molten pool in a molten state. This can be achieved, for instance, by introducing the deposition material to the heat source, particularly the laser beam, at a distance from the molten pool.

[0018] However, it has proven advantageous if at least a subset of the coating material is not yet, or at least not completely, melted upon reaching the melt pool. In this respect, the application of the guide structure can include generating a melt pool on a surface of the projectile body, particularly the outer jacket surface of the projectile body, with a subset of the coating material being fed to the melt pool unmelted, i.e., not or not completely melted. This can be achieved, for example, by focusing the feed device onto the melt pool, and in particular by feeding the coating material directly into the melt pool.

[0019] It is particularly advantageous if the application of at least one of the coating materials is carried out by means of high-speed laser cladding. In this context, high-speed laser cladding is understood to mean laser cladding with a welding speed exceeding 50 m / min. The application of the material layers is particularly preferably carried out by means of high-speed laser powder cladding.

[0020] Welding speed, in this context, is understood to be the relative speed of the laser and the projectile body parallel to a surface of the projectile body.

[0021] Preferably, the welding speed during application is at least 50 m / min, more preferably at least 100 m / min, and even more preferably 50–300 m / min. This further reduces the risk of solder cracking.

[0022] It has been found that high-speed laser cladding does not affect the projectile body material, or only minimally, while simultaneously achieving good adhesion of the cladding material to the projectile body. This is attributed to the fact that high-speed laser cladding produces only a relatively shallow molten pool directly on the projectile body, thus reducing the amount of melt energy applied to the projectile's surface.

[0023] Furthermore, it proves advantageous if the application of the guidance structure comprises the sequential application of at least five, preferably at least ten, layers of material made from at least one coating material. In this respect, at least five, preferably at least ten, layers of material are sequentially applied to the projectile body. In other words, the material layers are applied radially to one another. The material layers together form the guidance structure. The application of comparatively thin material layers as multilayers further reduces heat input to the projectile body, since only a relatively shallow melt pool is provided when applying each material layer, thus reducing the melting energy available at the surface of the projectile body.Furthermore, the proposed multilayer process makes it possible to optimize the individual material layers with regard to their mechanical and tribological properties.

[0024] It has proven particularly advantageous if the base layer of the at least five material layers, located closest to the projectile body, has a layer thickness of a maximum of 50 µm, in particular a maximum of 30 µm, further in particular a maximum of 20 µm, further in particular a maximum of 10 µm, further in particular a maximum of 5 µm, and in particular a thickness of 5 to 50 µm. In this way, only a comparatively shallow melt pool is provided directly on the projectile body during application, thus further reducing the melting energy supplied directly to the surface of the projectile body and, consequently, the impact on the projectile body material.

[0025] In this context, layer thickness is understood to mean, in particular, an average layer thickness perpendicular to a surface of the projectile body.

[0026] Preferably, the base layer is applied directly to the projectile body. The base layer can therefore be in direct contact with the projectile body. The subsequent layers are then applied to the base layer and thus do not have direct contact with the projectile body.

[0027] However, this does not preclude the possibility that the projectile body itself already has a multi-layered structure.

[0028] Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the subsequent material layers are applied directly onto the base layer and on top of each other. In particular, the subsequent material layers are also applied directly to one another. Therefore, no intermediate layers or spaces, such as lubrication pockets, are provided between the material layers.

[0029] It is also conceivable that at least a subset of the material layers are applied with different welding parameters, e.g., with different welding speeds, different powder deposition rates, and / or different laser power.

[0030] It is also conceivable that at least a subset of the material layers are made of a different coating material or a coating material with a different composition. In this respect, at least a subset of the material layers can consist of a different material or a material with a different composition. In this way, it is possible to create a material gradient in the radial direction within the guide structure.

[0031] It can be advantageous, for example, to modify a material composition to achieve softer or harder material layers. For instance, the application of material layers can be carried out in such a way that the composition of the coating material changes with increasing layer count, resulting in a decrease in the hardness of the material layer. In this respect, outer material layers can be made of a softer coating material than inner material layers.

[0032] Furthermore, it proves advantageous if, during the application of the guide structure, i.e., during the overlay welding, the projectile body temperature is set such that it does not exceed 200°C, and in particular 150°C. This reduces the risk of undesirable changes to the projectile body material during overlay welding. This is particularly important in the production of projectiles subjected to high forces during firing and typically manufactured with very tight tolerances. One exemplary implementation involves cooling the projectile body, at least locally within the overlay area. For instance, in a projectile body design with a receiving chamber, a cooling element can be inserted into the receiving chamber during overlay welding.

[0033] Furthermore, it can prove advantageous if, during the application of the guide structure, i.e., during the weld overlay, the projectile body temperature is set such that it is at least 100°C and, in particular, a maximum of 200°C, and further, especially a maximum of 150°C. A minimum temperature of 100°C has proven particularly advantageous in the deposition of bismuth-containing bronzes. It has been found that a higher substrate temperature can significantly reduce defects in the layer, especially cracking.

[0034] Applying the guide structure by weld overlay allows for the use of a wide variety of materials as the build-up material. In particular, build-up materials that reduce friction between the guide structure and the gun barrel can also be used, which has a positive effect on gun barrel wear and thus on the gun barrel's service life.

[0035] Bronze alloys, particularly those selected from the group comprising tin bronzes, zinc bronzes, and aluminum bronzes, have proven advantageous. Therefore, the coating material can comprise or consist of a bronze alloy.

[0036] Bismuth-containing bronze alloys, especially bismuth-containing zinc bronzes or tin bronzes, are particularly advantageous. Such bronze alloys can form soft bismuth phases, which improve the sliding properties of the alloy. This reduces friction between the guide structure and the gun barrel, which in turn has a positive effect on the gun barrel's service life.

[0037] The bismuth-containing bronze alloy can contain bismuth in particular between 0.05 wt.% and 10.0 wt.%, preferably between 1.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.%, and more preferably between 1.0 wt.% and 3.0 wt.%.

[0038] In particular, it may prove advantageous if the coating material or one of the coating materials consists of or comprises a bismuth-containing bronze alloy.

[0039] In a multi-layered design, it can be advantageous if the layers are applied in such a way that at least a subset of them, particularly the outermost layer furthest from the projectile body, consists of a coating material made of or comprising a bismuth-containing bronze alloy. Such a layer has proven particularly advantageous with regard to its sliding properties.

[0040] Furthermore, it can prove advantageous if the application of the material layers is carried out in such a way that a first material layer of a first bismuth-containing bronze alloy is applied as a coating material and that a second, radially more outward, i.e. further away from the projectile body, material layer of a second bismuth-containing bronze alloy is applied as a coating material, wherein the second bronze alloy has a higher bismuth content than the first bronze alloy.

[0041] It can be particularly advantageous if the material layers are applied in such a way that the bismuth content in the coating material increases with the number of layers, i.e., from layer to layer radially outwards. In this way, a hardness gradient can be established in the guide structure.

[0042] A particularly advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, 0.2 - 2.0 wt.% nickel, 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0043] Another particularly advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, 0.5 - 3.0 wt.% zinc, 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0044] Another particularly advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 6.0 - 12.0 wt.% aluminium, optionally up to 5.0 wt.% iron, optionally up to 5.0 wt.% nickel, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0045] In the aforementioned bronze alloys, the proportion of unavoidable impurities in the bronze alloy is preferably less than 0.1 wt.% in each case and not more than 0.8 wt.% in total, in particular not more than 0.5 wt.%.

[0046] As an alternative to bronze alloys, iron or an iron alloy has proven to be an advantageous material for the guide structure. Therefore, the coating material can comprise or consist of iron, in particular pure iron (preferably with a purity level > 99.85%), or an iron alloy. In particular, the at least one coating material can consist of or comprise a low-alloy steel.

[0047] According to an advantageous embodiment, the application of the guide structure can comprise the application of at least two sections arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis of the projectile. The sections can be directly adjacent to each other. The sections can be bonded together by a material bond. The sections can be spaced apart from each other.

[0048] The sections can have the same extent along the longitudinal axis. In particular, the guide structure can have at least two partial guide strips of the same width. Alternatively, the sections can have different extents along the longitudinal axis. In particular, the guide structure can have at least two partial guide strips of different widths.

[0049] Alternatively or additionally, at least two sections can be made of overlay materials with different material compositions. In this respect, the guiding structure, in particular the guide band, can comprise two or more sections of an overlay material with different material composition arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis of the projectile. This makes it possible to adapt different areas of the guiding structure to different tasks. For example, a first section can be designed to guide the projectile in a gun barrel, and a second section arranged behind it can be designed to seal the projectile in the gun barrel.

[0050] In particular, preferably viewed from a projectile tip, a first section made of a bronze alloy, preferably containing bismuth (as a coating material), and a second section made of iron or iron alloy (as a coating material) arranged behind it can be applied.

[0051] The aforementioned problem is also solved by a projectile with the features of claim 14. The projectile is manufactured, in particular, according to one of the methods described above. The projectile has a projectile body, in particular a metallic one. The projectile body can have a shell that defines a receiving space, e.g., for ammunition. The projectile body can also be designed as a sleeve. At least one guide structure, in particular a radially projecting, and further, in particular, metallic one, in particular in the form of a guide band, is applied to the projectile body, in particular to the shell. In this respect, the projectile comprises a guide structure, in particular a radially projecting, and further, in particular, metallic one, applied to the projectile body, in particular to the shell. Preferably, the guide structure is designed in the form of a guide band circumferentially around the projectile body.The guide structure is formed from a welded-on material. Therefore, the guide structure is created through weld overlay, in particular laser cladding, and especially high-speed laser cladding.

[0052] Such a projectile has a particularly robust construction. Because the guide structure is formed from a material produced by weld overlay, a high degree of adhesion is achieved between the guide structure and the projectile, especially without the need for a groove on the projectile to accommodate the guide structure. This allows for a reduction in the projectile's wall thickness.

[0053] In this context, "welded-on material" refers to the material applied and solidified by weld overlay. A typical material structure resulting from weld overlay can be identified, for example, in a micrograph (e.g., after metallographic etching under a light microscope) and thus distinguished by a person skilled in the art from other processes, such as thermal spraying or vapor deposition (PVD or CVD processes).

[0054] The advantages and optional features explained above in relation to the process can also be used to design the projectile, so reference is made to the preceding disclosure to avoid repetition.

[0055] Preferably, the guide structure is applied directly to an outer surface of the projectile body, in particular to an outer surface of the projectile casing.

[0056] Preferably, the guide structure and the projectile body are bonded together by a material bond.

[0057] Preferably, the guide structure is formed from at least five, preferably at least ten, layers of material applied to one another from the welded-on material.

[0058] It is conceivable that all material layers are formed from the same welded-on material. It is also conceivable that at least a subset of the material layers are formed from different welded-on materials or from welded-on materials with different material compositions. Therefore, different material layers can consist of different materials or materials with different material compositions.

[0059] For example, it is conceivable that a material layer located radially further out, i.e., further away from the projectile body, is formed from a softer, welded-on material than a material layer located radially further in, i.e., closer to the projectile body. In this way, a stable design of the guiding structure can be promoted while simultaneously ensuring good sliding properties. In particular, the guiding structure is formed by a base material layer applied, especially directly to the projectile body, particularly to an outer surface of the projectile body, and at least four, especially at least nine, further material layers applied one above the other on the base layer. The material layers are, for example, visible under a light microscope in a micrograph.

[0060] Preferably, the base layer has a layer thickness of a maximum of 50 µm, in particular a maximum of 30 µm, further in particular a maximum of 20 µm, further in particular a maximum of 10 µm, further in particular a maximum of 5 µm, in particular a thickness of 5 to 50 µm.

[0061] The base layer and the subsequent material layers can have the same thickness. It is also conceivable that at least some of the subsequent material layers have a different thickness than the base layer. In particular, at least some material layers can have a greater thickness than the base layer.

[0062] Preferably, the base layer protrudes beyond the surrounding areas of the projectile body. In particular, the base layer is not arranged in a groove or recess on the surface of the projectile body.

[0063] Preferably, the guide structure consists of, or comprises, a bronze alloy, in particular one containing bismuth. The bronze alloy is specifically selected from the group comprising: tin bronzes, zinc bronzes, and aluminum bronzes.

[0064] In particular, the welded material may contain or consist of a bismuth-containing bronze alloy.

[0065] The bismuth-containing bronze alloy can contain, in particular, at least 0.05 wt.% bismuth and at most 10.0 wt.% bismuth.

[0066] In a design with multiple material layers, it can be advantageous if the welded-on material of a subset of the material layers, in particular at least the outermost layer (i.e., the layer furthest from the projectile body), is or comprises a bismuth-containing bronze alloy. In this respect, at least a subset of the material layers can consist of or comprise a bismuth-containing bronze alloy.

[0067] Furthermore, it can prove advantageous if a first material layer is formed from a bismuth-containing bronze alloy (as a welded overlay) and a second, radially more outward-facing layer, i.e., located further away from the projectile body, is formed from a second bismuth-containing bronze alloy (as a welded overlay), the second bronze alloy having a higher bismuth content than the first. It can be particularly advantageous if the bismuth content in the welded overlay increases with the number of layers, i.e., from layer to layer radially outward.

[0068] An advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, 0.2 - 2.0 wt.% nickel, 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0069] Another advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, 0.5 - 3.0 wt.% zinc, 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0070] Another advantageous bronze alloy consists of: 6.0 - 12.0 wt.% aluminium, optionally up to 5.0 wt.% iron or optionally up to 5.0 wt.% nickel, balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0071] In the aforementioned bronze alloys, the proportion of unavoidable impurities in the bronze alloy is preferably less than 0.1 wt.% in each case and not more than 0.8 wt.% in total, in particular not more than 0.5 wt.%.

[0072] Alternatively, it may be advantageous if the guide structure comprises or consists of iron, in particular pure iron, or an iron alloy, in particular a low-alloy steel.

[0073] As part of an advantageous further development, the guide structure can have at least two sections arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis of the floor. The sections can be directly adjacent to each other. In particular, the sections can be connected to each other by a material bond. The sections can also be spaced apart from each other.

[0074] The sections can have the same extent along the longitudinal axis. The sections can have different extents along the longitudinal axis.

[0075] Alternatively or additionally, the sections can be formed from welded-on material of different compositions. In this respect, the guide structure can be obtained by welding two sections of welded material of different compositions arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis of the projectile. In other words, at least two layers of welded-on material of different compositions can be formed at an axial distance from each other.

[0076] In particular, the guide structure can have at least two sections arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis of the projectile, wherein a first section, preferably viewed from a projectile tip, is formed from a welded-on, preferably bismuth-containing, bronze alloy (as welded-on material) and a second section arranged behind it is formed from welded-on iron or a welded-on iron alloy (as welded-on material).

[0077] In an advantageous example, the guide band can consist of at least four sections arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis of the projectile, which alternately consist of iron, in particular soft iron, and copper or a copper alloy, in particular a bronze alloy. Viewed from the projectile tip, a section of copper or a copper alloy can, in particular, come first, followed by a section of iron.

[0078] The use of cladding, in particular laser cladding, and further in particular high-speed laser cladding, for producing a guide structure, in particular a guide band, on a projectile body, in particular on an outer surface of the projectile body, is also proposed.

[0079] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. They show: Figure 1simplified schematic representation of an exemplary design of a floor in a side view; Figure 2 the project according to Figure 1 in a top view; Figure 3 simplified schematic representation to illustrate an exemplary design of a laser cladding process; Figure 4 a section of the floor according to Figure 1 in a sectional view along the in Figure 1 drawn section plane IV-IV; and Figure 5 Simplified schematic representation of another exemplary design of a floor in a side view.

[0080] In the following description and in the figures, the same reference symbols are used for identical or corresponding features.

[0081] The Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of an exemplary design of a floor, which is designated overall by the reference symbol 10.

[0082] Projectile 10 is specifically designed for firing from a gun barrel (not shown). For example, projectile 10 could be a spin-stabilized projectile.

[0083] The projectile 10 has a projectile body 12 which extends along a longitudinal axis 14. In this example, the projectile body 12 is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 14.

[0084] The projectile body 12 can be designed as a hollow body. In this respect, the projectile body can have a projectile casing 16, which defines a receiving space 18 for payload, for example a penetrator (not shown).

[0085] At least one guide structure 22 is applied to an outer surface 20 of the projectile body 12, in this example the projectile casing 16. In the example shown, two guide structures 22 are provided, spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal axis 14. In embodiments not shown, only one guide structure or more than two guide structures 22 may be provided.

[0086] The command structures 22 extend only over a portion of the longitudinal extent of floor 10.

[0087] In the example, the guide structures 22 are designed as guide bands 24, which completely encircle the projectile body 12 around the longitudinal axis 14 (cf. Figure 2 ). In configurations not shown, the management structures 22 may also be structured differently.

[0088] As from Figure 2As can be seen, the guide structures 22 protrude radially beyond a surrounding area of ​​the outer surface 20 of the projectile body 12.

[0089] The figures show the projectile body 12 and the guidance structures 20 only schematically and not to scale.

[0090] The guide structures 20 are applied directly to the outer shell surface 20 of the projectile body 12 by means of cladding welding, preferably high-speed laser cladding welding.

[0091] As in Figure 3 As outlined, the cladding process comprises the melting or fusion of a build-up material 26 by a heat source 28, in the example a laser beam 28, and the deposition of the build-up material 26 as a molten pool 28 on the outer surface 20 of the projectile body 12.

[0092] The coating material 26 can be supplied in particular in powder or wire form.

[0093] To generate the guide structures 22, the laser beam 28 and the projectile body 12 are displaced relative to each other parallel to the outer surface 20. For example, relative movement can be achieved by rotating the projectile body 12 at a predetermined speed about the longitudinal axis 14. Additionally, the laser beam 28 can be displaced axially along the longitudinal axis 14 (in Figure 3 (indicated by the arrows).

[0094] It is also conceivable that the projectile body 12 is stationary and the laser beam 28 is displaced relative to the projectile body 12.

[0095] As mentioned above, the application is preferably carried out at a welding speed (relative speed of laser 28 and projectile body 12 parallel to the outer shell surface 20) of more than 60 m / min, preferably at least 100 m / min.

[0096] As mentioned above, it is advantageous if, during the welding of the guide structure 22, the temperature of the projectile body 12 is adjusted such that the temperature of the projectile body 12 at the outer surface 20 does not exceed 150°C. For example, it is conceivable that a cooling element (not shown) is inserted into the receiving chamber 18 of the projectile body 12 during the welding process.

[0097] The guide structures 22 can have a single-layer structure. Therefore, the guide structures 22 can consist of a single layer of material in the radial direction (thickness direction).

[0098] Preferably, the guide structures 22 have a multi-layer structure in the radial direction (thickness direction).

[0099] As in Figure 4The guide structures 22 can, for example, each have at least five, in the example exactly five, material layers 32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5 (hereinafter, unless explicitly stated otherwise, referred to simply as 32 for the sake of readability).

[0100] The material layers 32 are applied directly to one another (by means of cladding welding, preferably high-speed laser cladding welding). In particular, after the application of a first material layer, the next layer is applied, especially directly, to this material layer 32.

[0101] As mentioned above, it is advantageous if a base layer 34 (corresponding to the material layer 32-1 in the example) located closest to the projectile body 12 (in the example applied directly to the outer surface 20 of the projectile body 12) has a layer thickness 36 of a maximum of 50 µm, preferably a maximum of 30 µm, further preferably a maximum of 20 µm, further preferably a maximum of 10 µm, further preferably a maximum of 5 µm.

[0102] The total layer thickness 38 of the guide structure 22 is preferably a maximum of 5 mm, more preferably a maximum of 3.5 mm. The total layer thickness 38 of the guide structure 22 is preferably a minimum of 0.5 mm, more preferably a minimum of 1 mm.

[0103] In the example shown, the material layers 32 all have the same layer thickness 36. In embodiments not shown, the material layers 32, or at least a subset of the material layers 32, can also have different layer thicknesses 36.

[0104] As mentioned above, it is conceivable that all material layers 32 are applied with the same welding parameters. It is also conceivable that at least a subset of the material layers 32 are applied with different welding parameters.

[0105] As mentioned above, the guide structure 22 can be made of a bronze alloy or an iron alloy.

[0106] The Figure 5Figure 1 shows another exemplary embodiment of a story 10, in which a guide structure 20 is provided in the form of a guide band 24, which comprises two sections 40-1, 40-2 (also referred to as partial guide bands) arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis 14. In embodiments not shown, more sections may also be provided.

[0107] As from Fig. 5 As can be seen, sections 40-1 and 40-2 have different extensions along the longitudinal axis 14. Sections 40-1 and 40-2 therefore have different widths. In embodiments not shown, sections 40-1 and 40-2 may also have the same width.

[0108] Regardless of whether sections 40-1 and 40-2 have the same or different extents along the longitudinal axis 14, sections 40-1 and 40-2 can consist of a welded-on material of different compositions. In this respect, sections 40-1 and 40-2 can have been formed by welded-on materials 26 of different compositions. For example, the first section 40-1 (viewed from the projectile tip) can be made of a bronze alloy, and the second section 40-2 located behind it can be made of iron or an iron alloy.

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing a projectile (10) with a projectile body (12) and with a guide structure (22), in particular a guide band (24), applied to the projectile body (12), comprising: - providing the projectile body (12); - applying the guide structure (22) to the projectile body (12) by overlay welding of at least one overlay material (26).

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the guide structure (22) comprises generating a melt bath (30) on a surface of the projectile body (12), in particular the outer shell surface (20) of the projectile body (12), wherein a subset of the at least one coating material (26) is supplied unmelted to the melt bath (30).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the application of the guide structure (22) is carried out by high-speed laser cladding.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the application of the guide structure (22) comprises the sequential application of at least five, preferably at least ten, layers of material (32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5) of coating material (26) on top of each other.

5. Method according to the previous claim, wherein the application of the material layers (32) is carried out such that a base layer (34) of the at least five material layers (32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5) that is closest to the projectile body (12) has a layer thickness (36) of a maximum of 50 µm, in particular a maximum of 30 µm, further in particular a maximum of 20 µm, further in particular a maximum of 10 µm, further in particular a maximum of 5 µm, in particular a range of 5 to 50 µm.

6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein at least a subset of the material layers is applied with different welding parameters and / or at least a subset of the material layers is applied from a different coating material or a coating material with a different material composition.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during the application of the guide structure (22) the temperature of the projectile body (12) is adjusted, in particular the projectile body (12) is cooled, such that the temperature of the projectile body (12) does not exceed 200°C, in particular 150°C.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating material (26) or one of the coating materials (26) consists of or comprises a bronze alloy, in particular containing bismuth, and in particular wherein the bronze alloy is selected from the group comprising: tin bronzes, zinc bronzes and aluminum bronzes.

9. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the bronze alloy consists of: - 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, - 0.2 - 2.0 wt.% nickel, - 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth - balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the bronze alloy consists of: - 0.5 - 14 wt.% tin, - 0.5 - 3.0 wt.% zinc, - 0.05 - 10.0 wt.%, in particular 1.0 - 10.0 wt.% bismuth - balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

11. Method according to claim 8, wherein the bronze alloy consists of: - 6.0 - 12.0 wt.% aluminium, - optionally up to 5.0 wt.% iron, - optionally up to 5.0 wt.% nickel, - balance copper and unavoidable impurities.

12. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the coating material (26) or one of the coating materials (26) consists of or comprises iron, in particular pure iron, or an iron alloy, in particular a low-alloy steel.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the application of the guide structure (22) comprises the application of at least two sections arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis (14) of the projectile (12) of different extensions along the longitudinal axis (24) and / or made of coating materials (26) of different material compositions.

14. Projectile (10) with a projectile body (12) and with a guiding structure (22) applied to the projectile body (12), in particular a guiding band (24), characterized by the fact that the guide structure (22) is formed from a welded material.

15. Projectile (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the guide structure (22) comprises at least five, preferably at least ten, material layers (32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5) applied one above the other from the welded material, in particular wherein a base layer (34) of the at least five material layers (32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5) closest to the projectile body (12) has a layer thickness (36) of a maximum of 50 µm, in particular of a maximum of 30 µm, further in particular of a maximum of 20 µm, further in particular of a maximum of 10 µm, further in particular of a maximum of 5 µm, in particular of 5 to 50 µm.

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