A candle container comprising cellulose and a flame retardant and uses thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a candle arrangement (1) comprising a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and a candle wax penetration preventer, wherein the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer are provided as one or more coatings on part or all of the fibrous cellulose, and at least part of said one or more coatings is / are in contact with the candle. The invention also relates to a candle container as defined in the candle arrangement.

Description

[0001] A CANDLE CONTAINER COMPRISING CELLULOSE AND A FLAME RETARDANT AND USES THEREOF

[0002] Technical field

[0003] The present invention concerns a candle container comprising cellulose and a flame retardant, a method for manufacturing thereof and uses thereof. The invention also relates to a candle arrangement comprising the candle container and a candle as well as a method for manufacturing thereof. Further, the invention relates to a material comprising cellulose and a flame retardant and uses thereof.

[0004] Background

[0005] A large number of candles sold today are sold in combination with a candle container made of non-sustainable materials such as metals (for example aluminium), glass, ceramics or plastic. These candles are frequently called container candles and comprise a candle which is at least partly enclosed in the candle container. The container candle may come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Examples of container candles include for instance tealight candles ("tealights"), votive candles ("votives"), grave candles and filled candles such as scented filled candles which all have a size making them suitable to be placed on a table such as a coffee table. All these candles have found widespread use due to their ease of use, lack of dripping and ability to provide lighting of a specific object or area. In particular, tealights have become popular and are reported to constitute about a very large part of all candles being sold.

[0006] Unfortunately, however, recycling of the candle holder is often cumbersome and therefore neglected by most consumers. For example, candle holders made of aluminium frequently contain a wick holder made of steel which should be separated from the aluminium so that each material can be recycled separately under appropriate conditions. Further, the global aluminium shortage and the increasing costs associated with aluminium production makes it desirable not only to recycle the aluminium used but also to find alternative materials such as eco-friendly and sustainable alternative materials.

[0007] PCT / SE2022 / 050865 describes a candle container and a method for fastening a wick in the candle container allowing a wick to be fastened directly to a candle container using only mechanical means. No separate wick holder is required to fasten a wick to the candle container. It is stated that the candle container is advantageous in that it is easier to manufacture and fewer kinds of material are needed to fasten a wick to the candle container. It is disclosed that the base of the candle holder may comprise a cellulose material. It is also described that the base of the candle holder may comprise a material which is heat and flame resistant such that it can hold a combustible material, e.g. stearin and / or paraffin, in liquid and solid state without deteriorating.

[0008] Attempts have been made to replace the aluminium of the candle containers with glass. For example, tealights have been made from stearin candles and candle containers of glass. Once the stearin candle has burned down it may be replaced with a new candle thereby reusing the glass candle container. While this represents an improvement from a recycling and sustainability point of view, it also requires some effort from the user. For example, it is envisaged that the user has to clean the glass candle container and measures may also have to be taken in order not to break the glass container thereby making handling time consuming and inconvenient. Moreover, the glass candle container may over time become scratched and less visually appealing.

[0009] There is therefore a need for a candle container material which simplifies handling, is sustainable and yet complies with fire safety. Further, there is a need for candle containers and candle arrangements containing such a candle container material.

[0010] Summary

[0011] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or at least mitigate some of the problems described herein. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide aspects and / or advantages not provided by hitherto known techniques.

[0012] The present invention provides a candle arrangement according to independent claim 1, a candle according to independent claim 28, a material according to independent claim 29, and a method for manufacturing a candle arrangement according to independent claim 30. Embodiments are set forth in the appended dependent claims and in the following description and examples.

[0013] The present invention also provides a candle arrangement comprising a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and optionally a candle wax penetration preventer.

[0014] There is also provided a candle container as described herein. There is also provided a material as described herein.

[0015] There is also provided the use of a material as described herein for one or more of the following applications: construction, thermal barrier such as a heat shield, barbecue such as a single use barbecue, energy storing device such as a battery, fuel container such as a fuel container for a camping stove.

[0016] There is also provided a method for manufacturing a candle container as described herein, said method comprising the steps of:

[0017] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container, and

[0018] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0019] There is also provided a method for manufacturing a candle arrangement as described herein, said method comprising the steps of:

[0020] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container,

[0021] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container,

[0022] (c) enclosing at least part of a candle in the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0023] Brief description of the drawings

[0024] Figure 1 illustrates an example of the candle container described herein.

[0025] Figure 2 illustrates the first moment of a test method described herein where the ignition source flame is applied so that the mid-point of the flame maintains contact with the open top edge of the candle container.

[0026] Figure 3 illustrates the performance of a test in accordance with the standard ASTM F2417-17 as described herein.

[0027] Figure 4 shows a candle container 1 comprising an inner layer 2, an outer layer 3 and an edge 4.

[0028] Description

[0029] There is provided a candle arrangement comprising a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and optionally a candle wax penetration preventer.

[0030] For instance, the candle arrangement may comprise a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and a candle wax penetration preventer, wherein the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer are provided as one or more coatings on part or all of the fibrous cellulose, and at least part of said one or more coatings is / are in contact with the candle.

[0031] The candle container 1 may comprise a base 2 extending substantially in a base plane A, walls 3 extending from the periphery of the base in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base plane, and optionally a set of feet 4 configured to protrude from the base 2.

[0032] The one or more coatings that is / are in contact with the candle may be present on part or all of the base (2), and / or part or all of the walls (3).

[0033] The one or more coatings may comprise or consist of a first coating comprising the candle wax penetration preventer and a further coating comprising the fire retardant. The first coating may be in contact with part or all of the base (2) and / or walls (3), and all or part of said first coating is in contact with the further coating.

[0034] The further coating may comprise from 1 wt% to 50 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the further coating. The mixture may be a homogenous or a substantially homogenous mixture.

[0035] Additionally or alternatively, the tone or more coatings comprise a mixture of the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer. The candle container may further comprise a wick holder. The wick holder may be attached to the base 2, such as in the center of the base 2. The wick holder may be made of any material suitable for candle containers. In particular, the wick holder may comprise or consist of a material as described herein. For example, the wick holder may comprise fibrous cellulose and a flame retardant such as vermiculite. The wick holder may hold a wick as described herein in place.

[0036] The candle arrangement comprises a fire retardant and optionally a candle wax penetration preventer which may be present in the candle container. The fire retardant and optionally the candle wax penetration preventer may be mixed such as homogenously mixed with the fibrous cellulose of the candle container. Additionally or alternatively, the fire retardant and optionally the candle wax penetration preventer may be provided as one or more coatings on part or all of the fibrous cellulose. Alternatively, the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer may be provided as separate coating(s). As used herein, the term "coating" intends a layer or film applied to a surface such as the surface of a candle container.

[0037] Thus, there is provided a candle arrangement comprising a coating, said coating comprising: a fire retardant, or a candle wax penetration preventer, or a fire retardant and a candle wax penetration preventer.

[0038] As used herein, the expression fire retardant intends a chemical compound or composition that prevents fires. Additionally, the fire retardant may stop spread of fire and / or stop fire. The expression fire retardant may be used interchangeably with flame retardant.

[0039] The one or more coating(s) may face or contact the candle. Further, the one or more coating(s) may be provided on all or part of the surface of the candle container. For example, the one or more coating(s) may be provided on the inner layer and / or on the outer layer of a candle container as described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more coating(s) may be provided on the edge of a candle container as described herein.

[0040] While the presence of cellulose in the candle container makes it sustainable and eco- friendly it is a combustible material that may catch fire. Further, the fibrous cellulose of the candle container may be penetrated by melted candle wax thereby enhancing the risk that the candle container catches fire when the candle is lit. Therefore, a candle wax penetration preventer may be added to reduce the risk for transport of burning wax. Thus, as used herein a candle wax penetration preventer is a chemical compound or composition that reduces the risk for the candle wax to penetrate the cellulose containing candle container. The candle wax penetration preventer may be a grease penetration preventer, an oil barrier coating or the like.

[0041] It has been found that the presence of a candle wax penetration preventer is optional, i.e. it may be present or absent in the candle container. When present, it may further enhance the fire safety of the candle container and / or candle arrangement. Thus, the candle arrangement comprises a candle wax penetration preventer. Alternatively, the candle arrangement may be free from candle wax penetration preventer.

[0042] The candle wax penetration preventer may comprise or consist of a cationic polymer. While not wishing to be bound by any specific theory, it is believed that the cationic polymer allows for providing good adhesion to the fibrous cellulose, may act as a primer for the fire retardant and / or prevents oxygen from contacting the cellulose.

[0043] The cationic polymer may comprise or consist of one or more of the following: cationic starch, acrylic polymer, alkyd polymer, epoxy polymer, polyurethane, polyethyleneimine, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyamidoamine dendrimer, poly(ethylene imine)-graft-poly(E-caprolactone), chitosan, poly(2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate) comprising quaternary ammonium groups, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) comprising cationic groups, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) comprising cationic groups, polyethyleneimine (PEI) comprising epoxy groups, poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) modified with cationic groups.

[0044] The acrylic polymer may comprise or consist of of one or more of the following: acrylic polymer, acrylic vinyl ester polymer, amphoteric acrylic polymer, acrylic and styrene co-polymer.

[0045] The alkyd polymer may comprise or consist of amphoteric alkyd polymer.

[0046] In an example, the cationic polymer may comprise or consist of cationic starch. The fire retardant(s) described herein may be miscible such as easily miscible with the fibrous cellulose of the candle container. Further, the fire retardant(s) may be regular fire retardant(s), eco-friendly fire retardant(s) or mixtures thereof. Advantageously, the fire retardant(s) comprise eco-friendly fire retardant(s) thereby making the candle arrangement sustainable and easy to handle for the consumer. For example, the candle container of the candle arrangement may be recycled such as recycled in a paper recycling process or it may be disposed of in household waste, composts or even landfills where the materials will decompose into natural elements. For example, the cellulose may be biodegraded by microorganisms while the fire retardant may be a rest product that may reused or disposed of. Advantageously, candle containers as described herein comprising vermiculite may be processed in a compost and subsequently used as a soil conditioner. Further, it is envisaged that the cellulose and fire retardant such as vermiculite of the candle container may be separated from each other so that they may be recycled.

[0047] The fire retardant may comprise one or more of the following: mineral(s), organohalogen compound(s), organophosphorous compound(s), salt(s) of inorganic compound(s), antimony containing compounds, silicate(s) .

[0048] Examples of mineral fire retardant include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: aluminium hydroxide such as aluminium trihydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH), metal borate such as zinc borate, metal stannates such as zinc hydroxystannate, inorganic filler(s) such as talcum or chalk (i.e. calcium carbonate), huntite, hydromagnesite, hydrous phyllosilicate mineral such as vermiculite such as exfoliated vermiculite. In an example, the mineral fire retardant may comprise or consist of vermiculite such as exfoliated vermiculite.

[0049] Examples of organohalogen compound(s) based fire retardant include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: organochlorines such as chlorendic acid and / or chlorinated paraffins, organobromines such as decabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ethane, polymeric brominated compounds such as brominated polystyrenes, brominated carbonate oligomers, brominated epoxy oligomers, tetrabromophtalic anhydride, tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane. These fire retardants may be used in conjunction with a synergist to enhance their efficiency. For example, antimony-based synergists may be used.

[0050] Examples of organophosphorous compound(s) based fire retardant include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: organophosphates such as triphenyl phosphates (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP), bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate (BADP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), phosphonates such as dimethyl methylphophonate (DMMP), phosphinates such as aluminium diethyl phosphinate. These fire retardants may comprise both phosphorous and a halogen such as tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate(brominated tris) and chlorinated organophosphates such as tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (chlorinated tris or TDCPP) or tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)dichloroisopentyldiphosphate.

[0051] An example of an antimony containing fire retardant includes antimony trioxide.

[0052] An example of a silicate fire retardant includes alkali containing silicates such as sodium silicate.

[0053] In an example, the fire retardant may comprise or consist one or more of the following: guanidine sulfamate, vermiculite, hydroxyapatite, aluminium trihydroxide, clay such as bentonite clay. In still an example, the fire retardant may comprise or consist of vermiculite and / or clay such as bentonite clay. The vermiculite, which is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral, may be exfoliated. Further, the vermiculite may be provided as a powder or a suspension such as aqueous suspension which may be added to the fibrous cellulose described herein. Thus, there is provided the use of vermiculite for preparing a candle container comprising fibrous cellulose such as a tealight candle container.

[0054] It will be appreciated that the candle container may further comprise a dye or a pigment allowing the candle container to have a desired colour. For instance, the dye or pigment may be present in a coating added to the candle container. Advantageously, the dye or pigment is miscible with the fibrous cellulose and optionally the fire retardant and / or the candle wax penetration preventer.

[0055] The candle container may comprise from about 5 wt% to about 90 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the candle container. For example, the candle container may comprise from about 20 wt% to about 90 wt%, such as from about 30 wt% to about 60 wt%, such as from about 40 wt% to about 55 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the candle container. In still a further example, the candle container may comprise about 50 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the candle container.

[0056] Alternatively, the candle container may comprise from 50 wt% to 80 wt%, such as from 50 wt% to 70 wt%, such as 50 wt% to 60 wt%, such as 50 wt%, of cellulose fibres based on the total weight of the candle container.

[0057] Surprisingly, it has been found that the candle container of the candle arrangement disclosed herein does not leak melted candle such as melted candle wax and / or does not catch fire during the candle burn time such as a burn time from 3 hours to 10 hours, such as from 3 hours to 5 hours. This is a significant benefit as it makes the candle arrangement and the candle container therein safe for use.

[0058] The one or more coatings described herein have been found to be adsorbed onto the candle container base (2) and / or walls (3). Unexpectedly, this has been found to be sufficient to prevent melted candle such as melted candle wax to leak into the candle container thereby minimizing the risk for the candle container to catch fire.

[0059] The cellulose such as the fibrous cellulose of the candle container may comprise no or very little fire retardant and / or candle wax penetration preventer. For instance, the cellulose such as the fibrous cellulose may comprise from 0 wt% to 5 wt% of the fire retardant and / or candle wax penetration preventer. In a further example, the cellulose such as fibrous cellulose may not absorb the fire retardant and / or candle wax penetration preventer.

[0060] The candle container base (2) and / or walls (3) may comprise from 70 wt% to 100 wt% of the fibrous cellulose based on the total weight of the candle container with or without the one or more coatings.

[0061] The cellulose such as the fibrous cellulose described herein may comprise or consist of wet moulded cellulose fibres and / or dry moulded cellulose fibres. Additionally or alternatively, the cellulose such as the fibrous cellulose comprises or consists of combustible cellulose such as fibrous cellulose.

[0062] The candle arrangement may comprise or consist of a tealight or a filled candle optionally containing a scent. For example, the candle arrangement may comprise or consist of a tealight. Alternatively, the candle arrangement may comprise or consist of a filled candle optionally containing a scent. The tealight or filled candle may have a size suitable for being placed on a table such as a dining table or a coffee table. For example, the tealight may have a size and shape as known in the art such as a cylindrical shape, a diameter of from about 30 to about 60 millimeters, such as from about 30 millimeters to about 50 millimeters, such as from about 30 millimeters to about 40 millimeters, such as about 38 millimeters and / or a height from about 10 millimeters to about 25 millimeters such as about 16 millimeters. In a further example, the filled candle may have a cylindrical shape with a diameter of from about 30 millimeters to about 200 millimeters such as from about 30 millimeters to about 60 millimeters, such as from about 60 millimeters to about 130 millimeters, such as from about 70 millimeters to about 150 millimeters, such as from about 130 millimeters to about 200 millimeters, and / or a height from about 20 millimeters to about 200 millimeters such as about 80 millimeters.

[0063] The candle of the candle arrangement may comprise or consist of a wick and candle wax.

[0064] The wick may comprise any material known for wicks as used in the art. For example, the wick material may be cellulose based. For example, the wick material may comprise or consist of one or more of the following: wood, paper, cotton such as braided cotton, zinc or tin and any combination thereof. For instance, the wick may have a paper core or a zinc core.

[0065] The candle wax may be candle wax used in the art such as stearin and / or paraffin wax. Advantageously, the candle wax may be fossil free and / or renewable. For example, the candle wax may comprise or consist of beeswax, rapeseed wax, palm wax, coconut wax and / or tall oil. It will be appreciated that the candle wax may comprise a fragrance allowing for providing a scented candle.

[0066] There is also provided a candle container as described herein.

[0067] Further, there is provided a material as described herein. The material may be used for one or more of the following applications: construction, thermal barrier such as a heat shield, barbecue such as a single use barbecue, energy storing device such as a battery, furniture, plant pot, fuel container such as a fuel container for a camping stove. It will be appreciated that the fuel container described herein may be a fuel container for solid fuel, gel fuel and / or firelighters. It will be appreciated that the candle container and / or the candle arrangement described herein may be manufactured using methods known in the art.

[0068] The invention will be further described by reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. For instance, techniques such as wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing may be used for processing the cellulose optionally in combination with a flame retardant and / or a candle wax penetration preventer as described herein into a material, candle holder or candle arrangement.

[0069] The candle container described herein may be obtained or obtainable by wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing optionally followed by coating.

[0070] For example, there is provided a method for manufacturing a candle container as described herein, said method comprising the steps of:

[0071] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container, and

[0072] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0073] Further, there is provided a method for manufacturing a candle arrangement as described herein, said method comprising the steps of:

[0074] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container, and

[0075] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, and

[0076] (c) enclosing at least part of a candle in the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0077] In a further example, there is provided a method for manufacturing a candle arrangement as described herein, said method comprising the steps of:

[0078] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing cellulose such as fibrous cellulose into a candle container,

[0079] (b) providing a fire retardant and a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, and

[0080] (c) enclosing at least part of a candle in the candle container.

[0081] The present disclosure also provides the following further aspects. Further aspects

[0082] Further aspect l

[0083] A candle arrangement comprising a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and optionally a candle wax penetration preventer.

[0084] Further aspect 2

[0085] A candle arrangement (1) according to further aspect 1, wherein the candle container comprises a base (2) extending substantially in a base plane (A), walls (3) extending from the periphery of the base in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base plane, and optionally a set of feet (4) configured to protrude from the base (2).

[0086] Further aspect 3

[0087] The candle arrangement according to further aspect 1 or 2, wherein the fire retardant and optionally the candle wax penetration preventer is / are provided as one or more coatings on part or all of the cellulose.

[0088] Further aspect 4

[0089] The candle arrangement according to further aspect 3, wherein the one or more coating(s) face(s) or contact(s) the candle.

[0090] Further aspect 5

[0091] The candle arrangement according to further aspect 1 or 2, wherein the cellulose, the fire retardant, and optionally the candle wax penetration preventer are mixed such as homogenously mixed.

[0092] Furthe aspect 6

[0093] The candle arrangement according to further aspect 5, which is free from candle wax penetration preventer. Further aspect ?

[0094] The candle arrangement according to further aspect 5 or 6 further comprising a coating, said coating comprising a fire retardant, or a candle wax penetration preventer, or a fire retardant and a candle wax penetration preventer.

[0095] Further aspect 8

[0096] The candle arrangement according to any one of the preceding further aspects, wherein the fire retardant comprises one or more of the following:

[0097] - mineral(s),

[0098] - organohalogen compound(s),

[0099] - organophosphorous compound(s), -salt(s) of inorganic compound(s), -antimony containing compounds,

[0100] - silicate(s) .

[0101] Eurt eiiaspect 9

[0102] The candle arrangement according to any one of the preceding further aspects, wherein the fire retardant comprises one or more of the following: guanidine sulfamate, vermiculite, hydroxyapatite, aluminium trihydroxide, clay.

[0103] Fu rther a spect! 0

[0104] The candle arrangement according to any one of the preceding further aspects, wherein the fire retardant comprises vermiculite.

[0105] Further aspect 11

[0106] The candle arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle container comprises from 20 wt% to 90 wt% such as 50 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the candle container.

[0107] Further aspect 12

[0108] The candle arrangement according to any one of the preceding further aspects comprising a tealight or a filled candle optionally containing a scent.

[0109] Further aspect!!

[0110] A candle container as defined in any one of the preceding further aspects. Furthe as2ert 14

[0111] A material as defined in any one of the preceding further aspects.

[0112] Further aspecL15

[0113] Use of a material according to further aspect 14 for one or more of the following applications: construction, thermal barrier such as a heat shield, barbecue such as a single use barbecue, energy storing device such as a battery, furniture, plant pot, fuel container such as a fuel container for a camping stove.

[0114] Further aspect 16

[0115] A method for manufacturing a candle container as defined in any one of further aspects 1-12, said method comprising the steps of:

[0116] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container, and

[0117] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0118] Fj her aspecL^

[0119] A method for manufacturing a candle arrangement as defined in any one of further aspects 1-12, said method comprising the steps of:

[0120] (a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing fibrous cellulose into a candle container, and

[0121] (b) optionally providing a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, and

[0122] (c) enclosing at least part of a candle in the candle container, wherein a fire retardant is added in step (a) and / or step (b).

[0123] The invention will be further described by reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0124] Examples

[0125] Abbreviations

[0126] AKD Alkyl ketene dimer g gram(s) min. minutes(s) Materials

[0127] Cellulose pulp from SCA (SCA Pure 90, Bleached softwood kraft pulp, NBSK) delivered in dry sheets.

[0128] Exfoliated Vermiculite dry powder from Dupre Minerals (UK).

[0129] D335 Vermiculite dispersion (solid content 17 ± 1 wt%) from Dupre Minerals' MicaShield. The dispersion is a stable, water-based, dispersion of high aspect ratio platelets produced by the controlled exfoliation of specially selected vermiculite ores (vermiculite is the name given to a group of hydrated laminar aluminiumironmagnesium silicate minerals).

[0130] Exfoliated clay dispersion in water (solid content 10 wt %). The exfoliated clay dispersion was puchased as CLOISITE Na+ from the BYK division of the Altana Group.

[0131] Internal sizing chemical Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD, FennoSize KD 574MP) from Kemira (Finland).

[0132] Olea 3200 is a barrier formulation purchased from Organoclick AB, Sweden.

[0133] The product properties for AKD as provided by the manufacturer were as indicated in the Specification Table below.

[0134] Specification Table

[0135] Preparation of the candle containers

[0136] Wet moulding

[0137] SCA Pure 90 ECF (Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp) was refined to 20.5 SR (schopper riegler). It was then diluted to 2.8 g / L in a 1000 L tank using tap water. The pulp suspension containing AKD as sizing chemical was circulated in the tank using a submersible pump.

[0138] The pulp slurry from the tank was sucked up onto a forming tool with a vacuum for 8 s and pressed to form the first contours of the container. The pre-formed container (having approx. 70% moisture content) was still wet at this stage. Then, the preformed container was moved onto the next pressing stage where it was pressed under 4 tons, at approx. 140 °C for 30 s to remove most of the water. After this step, the container has a moisture content of approx. 10%. Finally, the container was moved to the final calibration pressing stage where the container was pressed under 6 tons at 140 °C for 10 s without vacuum to create a smoother surface on the container. After this step, the moisture content of the final container was about 6-7%.

[0139] Coatings and post-treatments on the formed candle containers

[0140] The fire retardant and oil barrier coatings given in Table 1 were then applied on the candle container. Firstly, by brushing the fire retardant onto the candle container, followed by brushing the oil barrier coating onto the fire retardant thereby providing a coated candle container. The coated candle container was then dried in an oven at 160 °C for 3-5 min. For some of the candle containers two coatings were provided, whereby a second coating identical to the first coating was applied on top of the first coating. After the fire retardant and oil barrier coatings, some of the candle containers were further cold pressed for 10 s at a pressure of 6 tons and temperature of 21 °C.

[0141] Table 1: Coatings and treatment on the candle containers described in Example 1.

[0142] Example 2: The candle container comprising a mixture of 50% cellulose and 50% fire retardant compound, with fire retardant and oil barrier coating l / Vet moulding

[0143] Vermiculite was added to the pulp suspension prepared according to Example 1 described above. The vermiculite added to the pulp suspension was exfoliated vermiculite dry powder from Dupre Minerals. The ratio of vermiculite to pulp was 50:50. This was then diluted to a final concentration of 4.1 g / L containing AKD as a sizing chemical and dispersed for over 1 hour using a submersible pump.

[0144] The vermiculite and pulp slurry from the tank was sucked up onto a forming tool with a vacuum for 20 s and pressed to form the first contours of the container. The preformed container (having app. 70% moisture content) was still wet at this stage. Then, the pre-formed container was moved onto the next pressing stage where it was pressed under 4 tons, at approx. 140 °C for 30 s. to remove most of the water. After this step, the container had a moisture content of approx. 10%. Finally, the container was moved to the final calibration pressing stage where the container was pressed under 6 tons at 140 °C for 10 s. without vacuum to create a smoother surface on the container. After this step, the moisture content of the final container was about 6-7%.

[0145] Coatings and post-treatments on the formed candle container

[0146] The fire retardant and oil barrier coatings given in Table 2 were then applied on the candle container, respectfully. Firstly, by brushing the fire retardant onto the candle container, followed by brushing the oil barrier coating onto the fire retardant. The coated candle container was then dried in an oven at 160 °C for 3-5 min. After the fire retardant and oil barrier coatings, some of the candle containers were further cold pressed for 10 s at a pressure of 6 tons and temperature of 21 °C.

[0147] Table 2: Additional coatings and treatment on the candle containers described in

[0148] Example 2.

[0149] Example 3: A candle container comprising an outer layer of 100% cellulose, and inner layer of a mixture of 50% cellulose and 50% fire retardant compound, with fire retardant and oil barrier coatings

[0150] Wet moulding

[0151] The pulp slurry described in Example 1, and the mixture of the pulp and vermiculite slurry described in Example 2 were used in the production of outer and inner layers of the containers, respectively.

[0152] During the formation of wet layers, initially the pulp slurry from Example 1 (100% cellulose) was sucked up onto a forming tool with a vacuum for 3 s. The forming tool was then moved into the tank containing the mixture of the pulp and vermiculite slurry (50 wt% cellulose and 50 wt% fire retardant compound) to suck the inner layer of the candle container with a vacuum for 15 s. Figure 4 shows the candle container 1 with the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 3.

[0153] Then, the above-described, pre-formed layer-by-layer container was moved onto the next pressing stage where it was pressed following the same process parameters described in Example 1 and Example 2 above. Coatings and post-treatments on the formed candle container

[0154] The fire retardant and oil barrier coatings given in Table 3 were then applied on the candle containers, respectively. Firstly, by brushing the fire retardant onto the candle container, followed by brushing the oil barrier coating onto the fire retardant thereby providing a coated candle container. The coated candle container was then dried in an oven at 160 °C for 3-5 min. For some of the candle containers, two coatings were provided, whereby a second coating identical to the first coating was applied on top of the first coating. After the fire retardant and oil barrier coatings, some of the candle containers were further cold pressed for 10 s at a pressure of 6 tons and temperature of 21 °C.

[0155] Table 3: Coatings and Post-treatments on the formed candle containers described in

[0156] Example 3. Characterization

[0157] The fire resistance of the produced candle containers was characterized by testing flame retardancy according to the Standard Specification for fire Safety for Candles ASTM F2417-17 and also in a further "extreme scenario" test for the complete candle, i.e. a candle container containing a candle. Flame retardancy tests according to ASTM F2417-17 were carried out for the containers before they were in contact with any candle wax. The details of the test procedure ASTM F2417-17 being used were as follows:

[0158] Requirements

[0159] 4.6.2.1 The total burn time for the ten plastic containers shall be less than or equal to 300 s.

[0160] 4.6.2.2 No single burn time of a plastic container shall exceed 30 s.

[0161] 4.6.2.3. No single plastic container shall be completely consumed during testing. lesLMethod

[0162] 5.4.3.4 Apply the ignition source flame so that the mid-point of the flame maintains contact with the open top edge of the container for 10 s.

[0163] 5.4.3.5 Maintain flame contact in a straight line at the 12 o 'clock position of the test specimen by moving the ignition source as the wall deforms, shrinks, burns, or melts away.

[0164] 5.4.3.6 Remove the ignition source from the container after 10 s.

[0165] 5.4.3.7 Measure and record any burn time after the ignition source is removed.

[0166] 5.4.3.8 Reapply the ignition source flame as described in 5.4.3.3 - 5.4.3.7 5 s after the flame extinguishes.

[0167] 5.4.3.9 Remove the ignition source after 10 s exposure.

[0168] 5.4.3.10 Measure and record any burn time after the ignition source is removed this second time.

[0169] 5.4.3.11 Clean the test surface after testing each specimen to avoid charred material from a previous test interfering with a subsequent test.

[0170] 5.4.3.12 Repeat this procedure nine more times until a total of ten specimens have been tested.

[0171] 5.4.3.13 Find the total burn time by adding the burn times after each of 10 s exposure for all ten containers tested (20 total burn times).

[0172] Item 5.4.3.4 in the Test Method is illustrated in Figure 2. It will be appreciated that the test procedure ASTM F2417-17 refers to plastic containers. In this document, the candle containers in the examples sections were tested instead of plastic containers. The result was found to be acceptable if the burn time was found to be five seconds or less, i.e. from 0 seconds to 5 seconds.

[0173] The extreme test was made to simulate a situation that can occur when candles in candle containers are used by consumers. In the extreme test, the candle was lit with a match and the match was left in the burning container. Thereafter, it was observed if the candle container caught fire, and if so, how many seconds it took until the candle container caught fire. Each test was performed twice. This test is important because the match can transport melted wax to the edge of the container and create a flame directly on the container. The candle containers made from materials like aluminium, glass, ceramics, or some plastics will not tend to take up wax in the container itself, but there is a risk for that when working with materials such as different fiber-based materials. If the container itself absorbs wax, there is a risk that the container will act as a wick transporting the burning wax thereby making the container unsafe for use. Therefore, this test was performed in addition to the test according to ASTM F2417- 17. The result was found to be acceptable (i.e. good) if the burn time of the candle container was 10 seconds or less. Further, the result was found not to be acceptable (i.e. bad) if the burn time of the candle container was longer than 10 seconds and good if the burn time was less than ten seconds.

[0174] Table 4: Fire retardancv test scores of the candle containers described in Example 1.

[0175] Table 5: Fire retardancv test results of the candle containers described in Example 2. Table 6: Fire retardancv test results of the candle containers described in Example 3. Example 4: A candle container comprising a mixture of 50% cellulose and 50% fire retardant compound with two coating layers comprising vermiculite A candle container containing 50 wt% of cellulose and 50 wt% of vermiculite, based on the total weight of the candle container, with two coating layers comprising vermiculite, said coating layers being applied over the entire candle container, was produced using wet moulding in accordance with Example 2. The vermiculite used for the coating was a D335 Vermiculite dispersion.

[0176] A tealight was produced by providing a wick in a wick holder in the center of the base of the candle container followed by addition of a liquid mixture of paraffin and palm oil which was subsequently allowed to solidify. The visual characteristics were as shown in Table 7.

[0177] Table 7

[0178] The total burning time for the ten tealights was then tested by lighting each candle and observing the time until it self-extinguished. No tealight caught fire. The results are shown in Table 8A.

[0179] Table_8A

[0180] The average total burning time of the candle was calculated by adding the burning time for each candle and then divide by ten. The average total burning time was found to be 3.42 hours. This testing was performed by an independent testing laboratory in Germany. It was concluded that the tealights had an acceptable burning time and were considered to be safe.

[0181] The candle containers were also tested in accordance with ASTM F2417-17 by the independent testing laboratory and were found not to be flammable. Further, the candle containers were subjected to the extreme test as described herein and were found to have a good performance as shown in Table 8B.

[0182] Table_8B It was concluded that a coating such as a coating comprising a fire retardant such as vermiculite was sufficient to achieve an acceptable fire resistance.

[0183] Example 5: A candle container comprising cellulose and two coatings comprising vermiculite

[0184] This example was identical to Example 4 except that the candle container consisted of 100% cellulose. The candle container was prepared as described in Example 1.

[0185] The visual characteristics were as shown in Table 9.

[0186] Table_9

[0187] The total burning time for the ten tealights was then tested by lighting each candle and observing the time until it self-extinguished. No tealight caught fire. The results are shown in Table 10A. Table 10A

[0188] The average total burning time of the candle was calculated by adding the burning time for each candle and then divide by ten. The average burning time was found to be 5.11 hours. This testing was performed by independent testing laboratory in Germany. It was concluded that the tealights had an acceptable burning time and were considered to be safe.

[0189] The candle containers were also tested in accordance with ASTM F2417-17 by the independent testing laboratory and were found not to be flammable. Further, the candle containers were subjected to the extreme test as described herein and were found to have a good performance as shown in Table 10B.

[0190] Table WB

[0191] It was concluded that a coating such as a coating comprising a fire retardant such as vermiculite was sufficient to achieve an acceptable fire resistance.

[0192] Results for Examples 1-5

[0193] Table 4 relating to the results for the treated candle container comprising 100% cellulose shows good results for all candle containers tested in the ASTM F2417-17 safety test. In the extreme test only candle container Nos. 1-2, 1-4 and 1-5 showed good results, i.e. the candle containers treated with vermiculite and olea. A comparison of candle container Nos. 1-1 and 1-3, and a comparison of candle containers Nos. 1-2 and 1-4, shows that subjecting the coated candle containers to cold pressing did not improve their fire resistance. Further, a comparison of candle container Nos. 1-3 and 1-6 and a comparison of candle container Nos. 1-4 and 1-5 shows that an additional coating layer of fire retardant did not improve the fire resistance.

[0194] Table 5 relating to the results for a candle container comprising a mixture of 50% cellulose and 50% fire retardant compound, with fire retardant and oil barrier coatings shows good results for all candle containers tested in the ASTM F2417-17 safety test and in the extreme test. A comparison of candle container Nos. 2-1 and 2-2 shows that subjecting the coated candle containers to cold pressing did not improve the fire resistance.

[0195] Table 6 relating to candle containers comprising an outer layer of 100% cellulose, and inner layer of a mixture of 50% cellulose and 50% fire retardant compound, with fire retardant and oil barrier coatings shows good results for all candle containers tested in the ASTM F2417-17 safety test and in the extreme test. A comparison of candle container Nos. 3-1 and 3-3, and of candle container Nos. 3-2 and 3-4, shows that subjecting the coated candle containers to cold pressing did not improve the fire resistance. Further, a comparison of candle container Nos. 3-4 and 3-5 shows that an additional layer of fire-retardant coating did not improve the fire resistance.

[0196] With respect to the coatings, it was concluded that coatings comprising vermiculite performed well in both the ASTM F2417-17 safety test and the extreme test for candle containers comprising cellulose only or candle containers comprising cellulose and a fire retardant such as vermiculite. Further, it was concluded that coatings comprising clay performed well in the ASTM F2417-17 safety test for candle containers comprising cellulose only or candle containers comprising cellulose and a fire retardant such as vermiculite, and also performed well in the extreme test for cellulose candle containers comprising an outer layer cellulose and a fire retardant such as vermiculite.

[0197] Table 8A relating to a tealight container containing 50 wt% of cellulose and 50 wt% of vermiculite and with two coating layers comprising vermiculite applied over the entire candle container shows that the tealights had an acceptable burning time, were considered to be safe and not flammable in the ASTM F2417-17 test and had a good performance in the extreme test described herein. It was concluded that a coating such as a coating comprising a fire retardant such as vermiculite was sufficient to achieve an acceptable fire resistance. It was also concluded that the presence of an oil barrier such as olea was not necessary for achieving a fire safe candle such as a tealight.

[0198] Table 10A relating to tealight container containing cellulose, and with two coating layers comprising vermiculite shows that the tealights had an acceptable burning time, were considered to be safe and not flammable in the ASTM F2417-17 test and had a good performance in the extreme test described herein. Further, it was concluded that an outer layer such as a coating comprising a fire retardant such as vermiculite was sufficient to achieve an acceptable fire resistance. It was also concluded that the presence of an oil barrier such as olea was not necessary for achieving a fire safe candle such as a tealight.

[0199] A comparison of Example 4 with Example 5 shows that the tealights for both examples had sufficient fire resistance. It was concluded that the presence of the coating comprising a fire retardant such as vermiculite contributed to the fire resistance since the coating worked well both for the tealight container comprising a mixture of cellulose and vermiculite and the tealight candle container comprising cellulose only.

[0200] Example 6

[0201] Materials

[0202] Paper Candle container (PCC)

[0203] Bagasse (70%) and bamboo (30%) with 3% AKD. (1-1: 15 mm, 0: 37 mm). Volume: 1.3 centiliters.

[0204] Panercup PC)

[0205] The tested white paper cups were made of bagasse bought from Tingstad Group Sweden AB, Sweden. The paper coups had a volume of 36 centiliters (cl) and a diameter of 80 millimeters (mm).

[0206] Primer, Crosslinked cationic starch solution (abbreviated XCS)

[0207] A primer was prepared by mixing the following components:

[0208] Deionized water (abbreviated Dl-water)

[0209] Lyckeby 65L cationic starch 40 g / l in Dl-water

[0210] Glycerol 25 wt% of starch dry content

[0211] Citric acid 5 wt% of starch dry content Sodium benzoate 0.5 wt% of starch dry content

[0212] Vermiculite dispersion Mica Shield DM335 Dupre Chemicals

[0213] Vermiculite dispersion Mica Shield DM335 Dupre Chemicals

[0214] Dl-Water

[0215] (4: 1 Vermiculite dispersion to water)

[0216] Calcium carbonate (pigment) 6 wt% of vermiculite and water mixture.

[0217] The flame retardant Ashtree was purchased from OrganoClick, Sweden, and contained a mixture of organic acids in aqueous solution.

[0218] Samples

[0219] Paper cups and paper candle containers were coated with flame retardant, with and without primer (XCS), as shown in Table 11. The products were dried in a convection oven for 15 min at 70 °C between each coating layer. The weight% of the coating ranges between 6-60 % depending on coating type and layer count. These samples were tested for oil penetration (Oil test and Burn test) and fire retardancy (Fire test) as described below. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0220] Containers were filled with oil (at least l / 3rdof the container volume) and left to soak for at least 12 h or until extensive leakage is observed. The oil used was a mineral oil with an indicator dye (red or blue). The oil was then removed by pouring it out and wiping the inner surface dry before each container was cut in half. The halves were photographed, and the pictures were analyzed in an image analysis software (Image!) to determine whether oil had entered the cross-section, which was indicated by a red colour digitally. If red colour was detected, it was concluded that leakage had taken place.

[0221] Burn test

[0222] During the burn test, the samples (i.e. a candle container comprising a candle) were burnt under ambient conditions. The samples were placed on a paper in order to be able to observe if leakage took place onto the paper. When the candles were burnt out, a material ignition test was conducted by subjecting the candle container (in an upright position) to a flame for ten seconds or less. This test was performed in order to determine if the candle container leaked candle wax, and if the candle container absorbed candle wax and ignited (or self-extinguished) and / or burned in a self- sustaining manner (i.e. self-sustaining burning) after the candle had burnt out.

[0223] Fire test

[0224] The candle container was burnt following the method of standard ASTM F2417-17. During the test, the candle container was subjected to a flame two times, each time for 10 seconds, with a 5 second interval between. The test was performed in order to determine whether the candle container ignited (or self-extinguished), burned in a self- sustaining manner and / or if the candle container's shape changed. The test was carried out on candle containers that had already been subjected to the burn test as described above. A "pass" or "fail" in Table 11 means a sample passed or failed , respectively, the test according to the requirements of chapter 5.4 in ASTM F2417-17.

[0225] Table 11

[0226] The samples 3B-PCC and 6B-PC were deliberately scratched on the surface before testing in order to study oil leakage in the oil leakage test. Oil leakage was found to take place for both samples. This provides evidence that the coating remains on the surface, i.e. is adsorbed onto the candle container surface, without being absorbed into the remainder of the candle container. Evidence for this was also provided by image analysis. It was therefore concluded that the coating of the present invention could be applied onto, and provide flame, fire and fat resistance to, all types of paper products.

[0227] A comparison of the results for samples 5-PC and 6A-PC shows that the addition of pigment(s) did not have a negative impact on properties such as safety and / or functionality.

[0228] A comparison of the results for sample 4-PCC, in which the commercial flame retardant Ashtree was used, with the results for the samples 2-PCC, 5-PC and 6A-PC shows that the coating of the present invention is better as it allowed for keeping the candle container shape and did not break, thereby preventing candle fuel or oxygen to come into contact with the cellulose of the candle container so that the risk for catching fire is reduced.

[0229] Further, it was also observed that a coating comprising a primer had better adhesion which leads to an effective fat barrier and a higher scratch resistance than a coating lacking primer.

[0230] It was concluded that a primer such as a cationic polymer such as cationic starch combined with a flame retardant such as vermiculite provides a fat barrier and flame retardant properties. Further, this combination of cationic based primer such as such as cationic starch combined with a flame retardant such as vermiculite was found to provide a scratch resistant surface, which is of course a significant benefit as it reduces the risk for exposing the cellulose of the candle container to air and / or melted candle wax thereby minimising the risk for the candle container to catch fire.

Claims

Claims1. A candle arrangement (1) comprising a candle container and a candle, the candle container enclosing at least a part of the candle, the candle container comprising a material comprising: fibrous cellulose, a fire retardant, and a candle wax penetration preventer, wherein the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer are provided as one or more coatings on part or all of the fibrous cellulose, and at least part of said one or more coatings is / are in contact with the candle.

2. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 1, wherein the candle container comprises a base (2) extending substantially in a base plane (A), walls (3) extending from the periphery of the base in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base plane, and optionally a set of feet (4) configured to protrude from the base (2).

3. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more coatings that is / are in contact with the candle is / are present on part or all of the base (2), and / or part or all of the walls (3).

4. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the candle comprises candle wax selected from the group consisting of stearin, paraffin, beeswax, rapeseed wax, palm wax, coconut wax and tall oil.

5. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the one or more coatings comprise(s) or consist(s) of a first coating comprising the candle wax penetration preventer and a further coating comprising the fire retardant.

6. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 5, wherein the first coating is in contact with part or all of the base (2) and / or walls (3), and all or part of said first coating is in contact with the further coating.

7. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the further coating comprises from 1 wt% to 50 wt% of the fire retardant based on the total weight of the further coating.

8. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the one or more coatings comprise a mixture of the fire retardant and the candle wax penetration preventer.

9. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 8, wherein the mixture is a homogenous or a substantially homogenous mixture.

10. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fire retardant comprises one or more of the following:- mineral(s),- organohalogen compound(s),- organophosphorous compound(s),-salt(s) of inorganic compound(s), -antimony containing compounds,- silicate(s).

11. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fire retardant comprises or consists of one or more of the following: guanidine sulfamate, vermiculite, hydroxyapatite, aluminium trihydroxide, clay such as bentonite clay.

12. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fire retardant comprises or consists of vermiculite and / or clay such as bentonite clay.

13. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle wax penetration preventer comprises or consists of a cationic polymer.

14. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 13, wherein the cationic polymer comprises or consists of one or more of the following: cationic starch, acrylic polymer, alkyd polymer, epoxy polymer, polyurethane, polyethyleneimine, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyamidoamine dendrimer, poly(ethylene imine)-graft-poly(E-caprolactone), chitosan, poly(2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate) comprising quaternary ammonium groups, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) comprising cationic groups, polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) comprising cationic groups, polyethyleneimine (PEI) comprising epoxy groups, poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) modified with cationic groups.

15. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 14, wherein the acrylic polymer comprises or consists of one or more of the following: acrylic polymer, acrylic vinyl ester polymer, amphoteric acrylic polymer, acrylic and styrene co-polymer.

16. The candle arrangement (1) according to claim 15, wherein the alkyd polymer comprises or consists of amphoteric alkyd polymer.

17. The candle arrangement according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the cationic polymer comprises or consists of cationic starch.

18. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle container comprises from 50 wt% to 80 wt%, such as from 50 wt% to 70 wt%, such as 50 wt% to 60 wt%, such as 50 wt%, of cellulose fibres based on the total weight of the candle container.

19. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle container does not leak melted candle and / or does not catch fire during the candle burn time such as a burn time from 3 hours to 10 hours, such as from 3 hours to 5 hours.

20. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more coatings is / are adsorbed onto the candle container base (2) and / or walls (3).

21. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibrous cellulose comprises 0 wt% to 5 wt% of fire retardant and / or candle wax penetration preventer.

22. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibrous cellulose does not absorb the fire retardant and / or candle wax penetration preventer.

23. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle container base (2) and / or walls (3) comprise(s) from 70 wt% to 100 wt% of the fibrous cellulose based on the total weight of thecandle container without the one or more coatings.

24. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims comprising or consisting of a tealight or a filled candle optionally containing a scent.

25. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibrous cellulose comprises or consists of wet moulded cellulose fibres and / or dry moulded cellulose fibres.

26. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibrous cellulose comprises or consists of combustible fibrous cellulose.

27. The candle arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the candle container is obtained or obtainable by wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing followed by coating.

28. A candle container as defined in any one of the preceding claims.

29. A material as defined in any one of the preceding claims.

30. A method for manufacturing a candle arrangement as defined in any one of claims 1-27, said method comprising the steps of:(a) wet moulding, dry moulding or deep-drawing cellulose such as fibrous cellulose into a candle container,(b) providing a fire retardant and a candle wax penetration preventer as one or more coating(s) on the candle container, and(c) enclosing at least part of a candle in the candle container.

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