Method, apparatus and computer program for identifying and controlling electromechanical components

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus (100), a method (200) and a computer program product for testing an electromechanical component (150), comprising: a controller (102) for ascertaining a current profile (104) of the electromechanical component (150), wherein: the current profile (104) has a local maximum (106), defined in time, based on an armature return movement (108) when a coil current (110) of the electromechanical component (150) is switched off; the controller (102) is configured to classify the ascertained current profile (104) on the basis of specified current profiles; and the classification comprises identifying a first match between the ascertained current profile (104) and one of the specified current profiles, taking into account the armature return movement (108).

Description

[0001] Method, device and computer program for identifying and controlling electromechanical components

[0002] The invention relates to a technology for identifying, testing, and controlling electromechanical components. The invention preferably relates to smaller designs of electromechanical components, for example, in the form of relays, which are often subject to significant wear. In particular, current-carrying contacts of the electromechanical components are subject to wear.

[0003] In general, the use of electromechanical components is still widespread today. Their use is particularly useful for high currents and / or weak signal sources. They are also used for high continuous currents and in potentially explosive atmospheres. Today's electromechanical components have compact dimensions, which, for example, in the case of relays, can be approximately 13 mm x 30 mm x 25 mm. The properties of the electromechanical components can also be standardized, so that different manufacturers can be used, especially for components subject to high wear. Different functional types of electromechanical components can also be plugged into the same socket. This advantageously reduces the number of different sockets, but at the same time increases the risk of incorrect assembly.

[0004] Identification devices are commonly used for components in electrical systems or devices that are replaced regularly. These check the type and often also the manufacturer of the new component. Depending on the test results, the system or device can respond to the identification.

[0005] Existing solutions use identification elements (chips, optical codes) to identify the replaceable components. These must be read and evaluated using appropriate optical, electrical, or other devices. The identification elements in the replaceable components, as well as the corresponding devices in the associated devices and systems, take up space, consume power, and incur development and production costs. Furthermore, such identification elements on miniaturized electromechanical components are impractical and therefore uncommon due to lack of space and the need to avoid additional costs.

[0006] There is therefore a need to simplify the identification of miniaturized components that are regularly replaced. For the reasons stated above, separate identification elements are unnecessary. The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a technology that enables the identification of electromechanical components without the need for separate identification elements.

[0007] The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Expedient embodiments and advantageous further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0008] A key idea of ​​the invention is the identification of an electromechanical component (also called an actuator), for example in the form of a relay, based on electrical parameters and their curves. These are determined using suitable measuring technology. The determined data is then compared with known data, each of which can be assigned to different designs of the electromechanical components. The different designs, in turn, can be assigned to specific manufacturers of electromechanical actuators. In addition, type identification of the actuators is possible, which includes, for example, identification of the supply voltage level. The system or device can automatically adjust the supply voltage and other parameters, for example, for predictive maintenance. Finally, a functional check of the actuators is possible. The invention dispenses with separate identification means.

[0009] Embodiments of the invention, which can be optionally combined with one another, are disclosed below with partial reference to the figures.

[0010] A first aspect relates to a device for testing an electromechanical component. This device comprises a controller for determining a current profile of the electromechanical component, wherein the current profile has a temporally determined local maximum based on an armature return movement when a coil current of the electromechanical component is switched off. Furthermore, the controller comprises a classification of the determined current profile based on predetermined current profiles. The classification comprises determining a first match between the determined current profile and one of the predetermined current profiles, taking the armature return movement into account.

[0011] Electromechanical components are used to generate mechanical processes using electrical energy. Typical electromechanical components include switches and relays, which are used in control cabinet construction, among other applications. These are often operated with low voltage, not exceeding 60 volts. Typical voltages can also include 12V and 24V. A relay, as a type of electromechanical component, is an electrically operated, remotely controlled switch with typically two switching positions. The relay is activated via a control circuit and can switch other circuits.

[0012] Classification can involve selecting from several groups, sets, or categories that together form a classification. In this case, the classification of electromechanical components can encompass different types, which can be subdivided, for example, according to different electrical functions, current and / or voltage levels, service life, etc. Within a group, set, or category, further subdivisions can occur, for example, according to different manufacturers of the same type of electromechanical component. Classification is made possible by the differing mechanical designs of electromechanical components of the same type by different manufacturers. Different types of electromechanical components also have characteristic but differing features for each manufacturer.

[0013] An armature of an electromechanical component is a movable, ferromagnetic component that is held in a rest position by a spring. Due to the force of a magnetic flux, the armature moves in an armature forward motion to an operating position, where it switches electrical contacts. After the magnetic flux is switched off, the armature returns to its rest position in an armature return motion, which simultaneously terminates the switching of the electrical contacts. The magnetic flux is generated by a coil. The current measurement takes place during the armature's forward motion and during the armature's return motion, respectively.

[0014] Advantageously, the electromechanical component can be identified without recourse to identification elements, which can include both the type of component and optionally the manufacturer of the type of component.

[0015] In exemplary embodiments, the electromechanical component can be designed as a relay. Optionally, the relay can be suitable for use in a relay socket of a programmable logic controller (PLC).

[0016] By using a PLC relay socket, the external relay design, i.e., housing dimensions and configuration, is advantageously specified. Various manufacturers offer suitable relays for such a socket. The design includes the definition of the relay's geometry and electrical connections, including their placement and design. Easy interchangeability is ensured by using different manufacturers. The device can be a programmable logic controller or a (different) DIN rail module.

[0017] In further embodiments, at least one switching cycle can be executed to determine the current profile of the electromechanical component. Optionally, the switching cycle can include an armature movement when a coil current of the electromechanical component is switched on.

[0018] The forward armature movement moves the armature from its spring-supported rest position to the operating position caused by the magnetic flux, while simultaneously switching the electrical contacts. When the magnetic flux is switched off, the armature returns to its rest position in a return armature movement. Accordingly, the forward and return armature movements form a switching cycle.

[0019] For improved identification of type and manufacturer, a current curve of the armature movement can also be advantageously evaluated.

[0020] In other embodiments, the switching cycle in the current profile may have a time-determined local minimum based on the armature movement of the electromechanical component.

[0021] The advantage is that a minimum in the current waveform is easy to determine. At the same time, it is clearly different from the maximum, which reduces the risk of confusion between the two measurements. This is further improved by determining the respective timing. Thus, with a simple measurement setup, both armature movements can be identified and their current waveform characteristics recorded.

[0022] In exemplary embodiments, a type of electromechanical component can be determined based on the first match between the determined current profile and one of the predefined current profiles. The predefined current profiles are assigned to the groups or categories of the classification. Optionally, a first error message can be generated upon a first mismatch between the determined current profile and one of the predefined current profiles.

[0023] Determining compliance involves checking the temporally determined curve. This includes comparing the beginning, development, and end of the corresponding current waveform section. The absolute current level is also recorded and compared with the specified current waveforms.

[0024] An error message can include an electrical signal transmitted to a central processing unit. It can also be signaled visually or acoustically. This can advantageously ensure the use of a correct electromechanical component. At the same time, its functionality can be confirmed.

[0025] In further embodiments, a manufacturer of the type of electromechanical component can be determined based on the first match. This can be done after determining the component type in a subcategory, so that the match of the current waveforms is particularly meaningful in this case. Optionally, a message can be signaled that includes the manufacturer and type of the electromechanical component.

[0026] This makes it advantageous to report a parameter for further work steps, which can be used, for example, in predictive maintenance or for a specific control of the electromechanical component.

[0027] In other embodiments, a check of the type and optionally the manufacturer of the electromechanical component can be performed based on a second match between the determined current waveform and one of the predefined current waveforms that has the first match. This can also include the temporal profile of the corresponding current waveform, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the supply voltage to be applied. Optionally, a second error message can be generated in the event of a mismatch.

[0028] The second match may include a check of the above-mentioned minimum of the current waveform, which is characteristic of the armature movement.

[0029] Each over-match has a target value and a tolerated deviation from the target value, referred to as the tolerance. As long as the deviations between the measured current waveform and the specified current waveform remain within the tolerance, a match is detected. Otherwise, the first or second error message is generated, although additional error messages are also possible.

[0030] This can advantageously provide improved information about the identified types or manufacturers, but also about the correct function of the electromechanical component.

[0031] In embodiments, determining the first match or second match may include determining the required supply voltage of the electromechanical component. This may be based on measuring the current waveform, with assignment of the required supply voltage being based on reference values ​​or a machine learning method. Optionally, the device may automatically adjust the required supply voltage based on the determination. The temporal profile of the corresponding current waveform may be halved when applying twice the supply voltage to the electromechanical component.

[0032] Accordingly, the measurement can be repeated with the supply voltage halved to identify the correct supply voltage. If the supply voltage is half the value, a malfunction of the electromechanical component can be detected. In this case, the supply voltage can be doubled and the measurement repeated. This allows the correct supply voltage to be automatically determined and subsequently adjusted.

[0033] Machine learning is a generic term for the "artificial" generation of knowledge from experience: An artificial system learns from examples and can generalize them after the learning phase. To achieve this, machine learning algorithms build a statistical model based on training data, which is then tested against test data.

[0034] The first match may, for example, comprise the time-determined local maximum of the armature return movement and the second match may comprise the time-determined local minimum of the armature forward movement.

[0035] Advantageously, the detection and adjustment of the supply voltage of the electromechanical component can be carried out automatically.

[0036] In further embodiments, measurement series of the determined current profile and the specified current profile can be directly considered in the machine learning process. Alternatively or additionally, measurement series from the determined current profile and the specified current profiles can be considered in the form of extracted features as input data for the machine learning process. Alternatively or additionally, a Euclidean distance between the determined current profile and the specified current profile can be considered based on the reference measurement series.

[0037] Measurement series of the determined current curve can be configured as value series that record and document the current power consumption at specified time intervals. Typical time intervals can be 1 ms or 0.1 ms. Extracted features as input data can be generated depending on the temperature, especially since temperature has a significant influence on armature movements.

[0038] Furthermore, the applied voltage can be taken into account.

[0039] Euclidean distance, or Euclidean distance, is the concept of distance in Euclidean geometry. The Euclidean distance between two points in a plane or in space is the length of a line segment connecting these two points, measured, for example, with a ruler. This advantageously allows for digital processing based on the series of measurements, whose comparability is improved by considering additional influencing factors.

[0040] In other embodiments, depending on a degree of the first match and, alternatively or additionally, the second match between the determined current waveform and one of the predefined current waveforms, the controller can initiate the activation of predictive maintenance. Alternatively or additionally, the controller can initiate soft switching. Further alternatively or additionally, the controller can initiate a self-healing process of the electromechanical component. Optionally, activating predictive maintenance can include parameterizing the predictive maintenance.

[0041] The degree of conformity is also referred to above as tolerance and has a target value and a tolerated deviation from the target value.

[0042] Activating predictive maintenance is also known as predictive maintenance. The goal of predictive maintenance is to obtain information about the condition of an electromechanical switching element of an electromechanical component. Based on this information, actions can be performed, for example, replacing the electromechanical component. This component can be designed as a relay. Technically, such a process could be implemented using machine learning methods: First, a data set is recorded containing measured variables for a number of relays over their service life, thus mapping the degradation. A machine learning method, e.g., an artificial neural network, is then trained with this data set, learning an association between the measured data and the age of the respective relay.After training, the machine learning process can be executed in a product, for example via a cloud connection, so that information about the state of the switching element and thus of the electromechanical component can be obtained from the measured variables.

[0043] The goal of soft switching is to increase the service life of an electromechanical component with electromechanical switching elements. Various phenomena influence the degradation of electromechanical switching elements, one of which is so-called "bounce." This occurs when contacts repeatedly strike each other during closing, causing wear. Optimized control of the switching element makes it possible to reduce "bounce." To achieve this, the switching element's supply voltage is briefly switched on or off during the switching process, so that the contacts strike each other at a lower speed and therefore "bounce" less. The challenge with this process lies in selecting the timing and duration of the switching off or on. For this purpose, an optimization element is recommended that adjusts the timing and duration based on the "bounce."

[0044] Self-healing describes at least a partial repair of the electromechanical component. The goal of self-healing is to reverse degradation processes in order to extend the service life of electromechanical switching elements. This is possible because some of the degradation processes are reversible. One example of this is material migration, which results in material accumulations on the contact surfaces. By specifically controlling the switching element, it is possible to induce friction between the contacts, which in turn causes the material accumulations to be worn away. The overtravel of a switching element is of great importance for the control: When switched on, the contact pair first touches, then it is bent (the overtravel occurs) and finally the armature hits the coil core. The friction is triggered by switching the supply voltage on and off in such a way that the overtravel is built up and reduced.The contacts are therefore constantly touching each other, but the armature repeatedly detaches from the coil core.

[0045] Targeted maintenance, repair or repair measures can advantageously be planned or carried out to improve the reliable service life of the electromechanical component.

[0046] In embodiments, the current flow of the electromechanical component can be determined taking into account the prevailing temperature.

[0047] As already mentioned, the current flow during armature movements is significantly dependent on temperature. Accordingly, taking temperature into account improves the accuracy of the measurement. This advantageously allows for tighter tolerances, as temperature fluctuations no longer need to be taken into account.

[0048] Furthermore, the current curve may depend on the armature's installation position. Taking the installation position into account improves the accuracy of the measurement.

[0049] This advantageously allows tolerances to be tightened, as the installation position no longer needs to be taken into account.

[0050] In further embodiments, the determination of the first match between the determined current waveform and one of the predefined current waveforms can be carried out by taking into account the coil current waveform during the armature return movement. The coil current is to be understood as the current flowing through a coil of the electromechanical component. This is a direct current that generates the magnetic flux in the coil, which in turn attracts the armature. The characterization of this direct current during the armature forward and backward movement serves to determine the type and, if applicable, manufacturer of the electromechanical component.

[0051] Advantageously, the type and, if applicable, manufacturer of the electromechanical component can be determined with just one measurement.

[0052] A second aspect relates to a method for testing an electromechanical component according to the device of the first aspect and optionally according to one or more of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect.

[0053] In embodiments, a type comparison of the identified electromechanical component with one of the intended types of electromechanical component can be performed. An approval signal for the operation of the electromechanical component can be output if the type of the identified electromechanical component matches one of the intended types of electromechanical component. Otherwise, an error signal relating to the electromechanical component can be output.

[0054] Optionally, when the error signal is issued, the predictive maintenance and / or soft switching and / or self-healing process of the electromechanical component can be deactivated.

[0055] The type comparison compares the identified electromechanical component with the permitted electromechanical component types. The approval signal can be used to activate predictive maintenance and, in addition or alternatively, soft switching and, in addition or alternatively, the self-healing process of the electromechanical component.

[0056] The fault signal can be used to deactivate the operation of a system in which the electromechanical component is integrated. Predictive maintenance, soft switching, and self-healing processes have already been explained in more detail above.

[0057] Advantageously, the execution of the method is not linked to a specific device.

[0058] A third aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product comprising program code sections for performing the steps according to the second aspect of the invention when the computer program product is executed on one or more computing devices. Optionally, the computer program product can be stored on a computer-readable recording medium. Advantageously, the computer program product is a practical embodiment of the method according to the second aspect of the invention, which can be executed on a computer suitable for this purpose.

[0059] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings using preferred embodiments which can be optionally combined with one another.

[0060] They show:

[0061] Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device of a first aspect,

[0062] Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method of a second aspect,

[0063] Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a device in a first embodiment,

[0064] Fig. 4 shows current curves when switching on and off an electromechanical component,

[0065] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a type-manufacturer matrix,

[0066] Fig. 6 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a first embodiment in different views,

[0067] Fig. 7 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a first embodiment in a perspective view,

[0068] Fig. 8 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a second embodiment in different views,

[0069] Fig. 9 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a second embodiment in a perspective view,

[0070] Fig. 10 shows an electromechanical component in different views, and

[0071] Fig. 11 shows an electromechanical component in a perspective view.

[0072] Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device 100 of a first aspect. The device 100 is used to test an electromechanical component 150. It comprises a controller 102 for determining a current profile 104 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150. The current profile 104 has a temporally determined local maximum 106 (not shown) based on an armature return movement 108 (not shown) when a coil current 110 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150 is switched off. The controller 102 is configured to classify the determined current profile 104 based on predetermined current profiles 114, 116. The classification comprises determining a first match between the determined current profile 104 and one of the predetermined current profiles, taking into account the armature return movement 108.

[0073] Device 100 further comprises a unit 101 for voltage supply and current measurement. This unit is electrically connected to controller 102. A further connection exists to an interface (not shown) for electromechanical component 150. Controller 102 also includes a signaling and / or communication interface.

[0074] Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method 200 of a second aspect. The method 200 is used to test an electromechanical component 150. It comprises determining 202, with a controller, a current waveform 104 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150. The current waveform 104 has a temporally determined local maximum 106 (not shown) based on an armature return movement 108 when a coil current 110 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150 is switched off. The method further comprises classifying 202, with the controller 102, the determined current waveform 104 based on a plurality of predetermined current waveforms 114 / 116, wherein the classifying 202 comprises determining a first match of the determined current waveform 104 with one of the predetermined current waveforms 114 / 116 taking into account the armature return movement 108 (not shown).

[0075] The method 200 further comprises a type comparison 202 of the identified electromechanical component 150 with one of the intended types 114 of the electromechanical component. Additionally, the method 200 comprises outputting an approval signal 206 for operating the electromechanical component 150 if the type 114 of the identified electromechanical component 150 matches one of the intended types 114 of the electromechanical component 150. Otherwise, the method 200 comprises outputting an error signal 208 with respect to the electromechanical component 150. Optionally, upon output of the error signal 208, the predictive maintenance and / or the soft switching and / or the self-healing process of the electromechanical component (not shown) are deactivated. The determination 202, classification 202 and type comparison 202 of the electromechanical component 150 can also be referred to as '1. Actuator identified?'.

[0076] If the actuator identification 202 is successful, a functional check (II. Actuator correct?) 204 of the electromechanical component 150, also called the electromechanical actuator, is performed. This can also include a check to see if the actuator is switched on (not shown). If the actuator is correct, the program branches to process 206 (III. Operate actuator). In the event of an error, the program branches to process Output error and deactivate function 208. If the actuator is not successfully identified in the Identify actuator process, the program also branches to error process 208 (IV. Output error & deactivate function), and at least one function is deactivated.

[0077] Fig. 3 shows a basic circuit diagram of a device 100 in a first exemplary embodiment. The device 100 receives the electromechanical component 150 via an interface designed as a socket. The device 100 further comprises a component for voltage supply and current measurement 101, which is coupled to a controller 102 and to a power supply for generating the coil current 110 of the electromechanical component 150. The electromechanical component 150 is supplied with the coil current 110 via the connections A1 and A2 and a rectifier. Furthermore, the interface of the electromechanical component 150 has contacts 11, 12, 14, 21, 22, and 24, which are also routed via sockets and establish an electrical connection to the switchable contacts of the electromechanical component 150. The interface is also designed as a PLC relay socket 112 with corresponding mechanical receptacles.The electromechanical component 150 is plugged into the corresponding sockets of the device 100 with its plug contacts 152. The electromechanical component 150 is designed as a relay. Optionally, the relay 150 can be suitable for use in a PLC relay socket 112.

[0078] Fig. 4 shows current waveforms 104 when switching on and off an electromechanical component 150 in the device 100. To determine the current waveform 104 of the electromechanical component 150, at least one switching cycle is executed. Optionally, the switching cycle includes not only the armature return movement 108 but also an armature forward movement when a coil current 110 of the electromechanical component 150 is switched on. The switching cycle for the current waveform 104 can have a temporally determined local minimum 107 based on the armature forward movement of the electromechanical component 150. The armature return movement 108 has a temporally determined local maximum 106, as already explained in Fig. 1.Different types 114 of the electromechanical component 150 each exhibit significant deviations when switching on the coil current 110 or when switching off the coil current 110, respectively, with regard to the timing of the maximum or minimum, with regard to the current magnitude, and possibly also with regard to the curve shape. Furthermore, different manufacturers 116 (Manufacturer A, Manufacturer B) of the same type 114 also exhibit significant deviations from one another. Accordingly, both a type differentiation and a manufacturer differentiation are possible based on the breaking currents, possibly supplemented by the making currents.

[0079] Furthermore, the type determination of the electromechanical component 150 is based on a first match between the determined current waveform 104 and a current waveform from a plurality of predefined current waveforms (not shown). In other words, a plurality of types 114, each with distinguishable characteristics, are maintained for type determination, with which the determined current waveform 104 is compared. Optionally, a first error message (not shown) can be generated upon a first mismatch between the determined current waveform 104 and one of the predefined current waveforms.

[0080] Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a type 114 - manufacturer 116 matrix. The measured current profile 104 is compared with the current consumption values ​​stored in a memory of the various types 114 to be identified. In addition, the measured current profile 104 is compared with the various manufacturers 116. This allows the type 114 and manufacturer 116 to be determined.

[0081] A manufacturer 116 of the type 114 of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined based on the first match that occurs when the coil current is switched off and the associated armature return movement. Optionally, a message can be generated that signals the manufacturer 16 and the type 114 of the electromechanical component 150.

[0082] Furthermore, a check of the type 114 and optionally the manufacturer 116 of the electromechanical component 150 can be performed based on a second match of the determined current waveform 104 with one of the predefined current waveforms that exhibits the second match. Optionally, a second error message can be generated in the event of a mismatch.

[0083] Furthermore, determining the first match or the second match may include determining the required supply voltage of the electromechanical component based on the measurement of the current waveform (not shown). Assigning the required supply voltage may be based on reference values ​​or a machine learning method. Optionally, the device 100 may also automatically adjust the required supply voltage based on the determination (not shown). This is based on the temporal progression of the current waveforms, as explained in more detail above.

[0084] In the machine learning process, measurement series of the determined current profile 104 and the specified current profile can be directly considered. Alternatively, measurement series from extracted features of the determined current profile and the specified current profile can be considered as input data for the machine learning process. Additionally or alternatively, a Euclidean distance between the determined current profile 104 and the specified current profile can be considered based on the reference measurement series.

[0085] Depending on the degree of the first match and / or the second match between the determined current waveform and one of the specified current waveforms, the controller can initiate the activation of predictive maintenance (technically referred to as predictive maintenance) and / or soft switching and / or a self-healing process of the electromechanical component 150. The relevant details are explained in more detail in the introduction above. Optionally, the activation of predictive maintenance can include parameterization of the predictive maintenance, which can, for example, take into account various maintenance levels.

[0086] The current profile of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined taking into account the prevailing temperature (not shown).

[0087] The current flow of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined taking into account the installation position (not shown).

[0088] Determining the first match between the determined current waveform and one of the specified current waveforms can be done solely by considering the waveform of the coil current 110 during the armature return movement 108. However, it can also additionally include the current waveform of the armature forward movement.

[0089] The determination of the first correspondence between the determined current curve and one of the predetermined current curves can be carried out by taking into account the curve of the coil current 110 during the armature return movement 108.

[0090] Fig. 6 shows the device 100 in a first exemplary embodiment in various views. The device 100 comprises the PLC relay socket 112 with the inserted electromechanical component 150. The device 100 further comprises the controller 102 and various connection terminals for electrical connection on both sides. These are arranged as individual terminals in two or three rows, as can be seen from the left and right side views, respectively, with a slotted terminal being present for two rows of individual terminals. Dimensions for mounting on a terminal block for control cabinets and for the overall height are added as examples. Fig. 7 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a first exemplary embodiment in a perspective view according to Figure 6.

[0091] Fig. 8 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a second exemplary embodiment in various views. The device 100 comprises the PLC relay socket 112 without the electromechanical component 150 inserted. Furthermore, the device 100 comprises the controller 102 and various connection terminals for electrical connection on both sides. These are arranged as individual terminals in two or three rows, as can be seen from the left and right side views, respectively, with paired slotted terminals being present in two rows of individual terminals. Dimensions for mounting on a terminal block for control cabinets and for the overall height are also provided here as examples.

[0092] Fig. 9 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a second embodiment in a perspective view according to Figure 8.

[0093] Fig. 10 shows an electromechanical component 150 in its front, side, and top views. The geometric dimensions and electrical connections are designed according to the PLC relay socket 112, so that the electromechanical component 150 can be used without problems. The corresponding dimensions and the design of the connector face with cross and longitudinal connectors in blade form are also included in Fig. 9.

[0094] Finally, Fig. 11 shows an electromechanical component according to Figure 10 in a perspective view.

[0095] In other words, the invention can be described as follows. This description is intended to protect the discovery that electromechanical actuators 150 (electromechanical components 150) can be differentiated by manufacturer 116 or type 114 based on the coil current 104. The prior art is silent on such a distinction for electromechanical actuators 150.

[0096] Only functionally remote systems are shown in the prior art: In printers, for example, manufacturers insert storage media into the printer cartridges to provide component-specific information. Using this information, an additional function can only activate a printer if the inserted printer cartridge can be identified by the printer. Here, however, the identification is based on an additional storage medium that is inserted into the printer cartridges. This storage medium is not necessary in the context of this invention. In capsule hot drink machines, it is known that the machine reads information via a barcode on the capsules. This information is necessary in order to coordinate the machine's process flow with the contents of the capsules. In this case, the identification is realized via a barcode, which is not necessary in the context of this invention.

[0097] The differentiation of electromechanical actuators 150 goes beyond the previously described methods: No modification or addition of the components 150 is necessary, since the characteristics can be used for identification due to the functionally drawn mechanical structure.

[0098] In contrast, the prior art only shows teachings that include an additional identification element for replaceable components, for example in the form of a storage medium or barcode or other optical or electrical recognition methods.

[0099] The invention aims to provide a device 100 (in which replaceable electromechanical actuators 150—i.e., electromechanical components—are used) that identifies these actuators 150. One possible device is a PLC relay socket, which is widely used in control cabinet construction and is used to install relays in control cabinets. Such devices frequently require the actuators 150 to be replaced, which is why the connections are standardized and why several manufacturers 116 produce products of one type 114.

[0100] Replacing the electromechanical actuator 150 presents several problems in practice. First, due to standardization, it's possible that the user might swap an actuator 150 during the replacement process, i.e., use the wrong one. In this case, the device 100 will likely no longer be usable properly, and a complex troubleshooting process will be necessary. By identifying the actuator 150, such an error could be reported fully automatically.

[0101] Another source of error is product counterfeiting or the use of an untested actuator 150, where it cannot be guaranteed that the manufacturer's 116 original specification can be met. In this case, identifying the actuator 150 could provide the user with an indication of a possible product counterfeit or the use of an untested actuator 150.

[0102] Finally, advancing digitalization opens up new possibilities, such as predictive maintenance, which can also be applied to electromechanical actuators 150. For such functionality, it is important to know the actuator 150 used to ensure reliable application. Accordingly, non-identification could deactivate additional functions, such as predictive maintenance.

[0103] Advantageously, the features of the invention can in particular be used to identify non-certified spare parts, identify incorrect spare parts and, additionally or alternatively, deactivate component-dependent functions.

[0104] There are two approaches to solving the problem, each of which requires the actuator 150 to be operated at least once. Detection before the actuator 150 is started is not possible with these methods.

[0105] In a first embodiment, the identification of actuators with different supply voltage ratings (e.g., 12V or 24V) is possible simply by using the coil current. Due to the different number of windings, the coil resistance and thus the currents in the switched-on state are different. For this purpose, the voltage must be measured or known. The resistance can then be calculated using Ohm's law, which in turn can be assigned to a supply voltage rating. The assignment can be made using reference values ​​or a machine learning method.

[0106] Temperature has a significant influence on the resistance of the coil, which is why this influence must be compensated based on a temperature measurement.

[0107] In a second embodiment, the identification of the electromechanical actuators is also possible based on the course of the coil current when switching on and off.

[0108] Fig. 4 shows sections of the coil current curves during switching on and off for two different manufacturers 116. When comparing the two curves, differences in the curves 104 are apparent: During switching on, the local minimum occurs later for manufacturer A 116 than for manufacturer B 116, and during switching off, the local maximum occurs earlier for manufacturer A 116 than for manufacturer B 116. Both local extremes are related to the armature movement; during switching on, the armature impact on the coil core is indicated by the minimum, while during switching off, the local current increase is due to the armature return movement.

[0109] The coil current waveforms therefore depend significantly on the geometry of the actuator 150, which is characteristic for each manufacturer 116. Thus, the shapes of the current waveforms 104 can be used to identify the manufacturer 116. This is possible using machine learning methods, but also using metrics and reference values.

[0110] In machine learning processes, the measurement series can be used directly or features extracted from the measurement series can be used as input data to perform a classification of the actuator 150. In this way, a machine learning process can learn to distinguish between known manufacturers 116 and supply voltage designs—i.e., to determine the correct supply voltage.

[0111] Using a simple metric such as Euclidean distance, the recorded measurement series can be evaluated for their similarity to the reference measurement series 114, 116. Since the manufacturer 116 and supply voltage specifications are known for the reference measurement series, identification is possible.

[0112] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below. First, the necessary hardware components are discussed, followed by a possible algorithm.

[0113] Fig. 1 shows the necessary component groups for implementing the invention. The electromechanical actuator 150 is connected to the device 100 via a supply line. The device 100 requires at least one module 102 / 101, through which at least one external voltage supply signal is transmitted and through which the coil current 104 can be measured simultaneously. The recorded measurement series are then evaluated in a controller 102 (not shown), which can be implemented by a microcontroller. The controller 102 can be arranged either inside the device 100 or, alternatively, outside the device 100.

[0114] A suitable algorithm for evaluation is described below. The results of the algorithm are made available to the user. For this purpose, signaling is required, e.g., via optical signaling or a communication interface to a higher control level.

[0115] Fig. 2 shows a possible structure of an algorithm for identifying actuators. It distinguishes four functional blocks. In this exemplary embodiment, a machine learning method in the form of an artificial neural network is used. Other methods or a comparison using metrics are also conceivable.

[0116] In a first step 202 ("I. Actuator identified?"), the actuator 150 (e.g., the electromechanical component) is identified. In this function block 202, the actuator 150 is classified using artificial neural networks. This must have been trained in advance with a reference data set of the actuator 150. If the identification is successful, a function block 204 can check whether the actuator 150 is operating correctly ("II. Actuator correct?"). If the actuator 150 cannot be identified, this can be output, and additional functionalities, such as predictive maintenance, can be blocked. Corresponding signaling can be initiated by function block 208 ("IV. Output error & deactivate function").

[0117] If the identification in function block 202 was successful, function block 204 ("II. Actuator correct?") can be used to check whether the actuator is operating correctly. For example, it can be checked whether the appropriate supply voltage is present. If not, an error signal is output by function block 208 ("IV. Output error & deactivate function"), after which additional functionalities such as predictive maintenance can be disabled.

[0118] If identification was successful and the actuator is functioning correctly, it can be operated without restrictions. A corresponding signal is triggered by function block 206 (III. Operate actuator).

[0119] In the event of an error, a signal can be sent to a higher-level controller 102 via the function block 208 (IV. Output errors & deactivate functions) via a communication interface or can be output by a display on the device 100, for example by an optical signal.

[0120] In embodiments, the identification requires at least one switching cycle of the actuator 150. However, in order to increase the reliability of the prediction, it is recommended to use several switching cycles.

[0121] The availability of relays can advantageously be increased by cognitive systems (i.e. systems with neural networks).

[0122] Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted. Furthermore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention. Consequently, the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Reference numerals

[0123] 100 device

[0124] 101 Power supply and current measurement

[0125] 102 Control

[0126] 104 Determined current profile

[0127] 106 Time-determined local maximum

[0128] 107 Time-determined local minimum

[0129] 108 Anchor return movement

[0130] 110 coil current

[0131] 112 PLC relay sockets

[0132] 114 Type of electromechanical component

[0133] 116 Manufacturer of the type of electromechanical component

[0134] 150 Electromechanical component

[0135] 152 plug contacts of the electromechanical component

[0136] 202 Determining and classifying the current flow

[0137] 204 Error checking

[0138] 206 Approval signal component

[0139] 208 Error message signal block

Claims

Claims 1. Device (100) for testing an electromechanical component (150), comprising: a controller (102) for determining a current profile (104) of the electromechanical component (150), wherein the current profile (104) has a time-determined local maximum (106) based on an armature return movement (108) when a coil current (110) of the electromechanical component (150) is switched off, wherein the controller (102) is designed to classify the determined current profile (104) on the basis of predetermined current profiles, wherein the classification comprises determining a first correspondence between the determined current profile (104) and one of the predetermined current profiles (114, 116) taking into account the armature return movement (108).

2. Device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the electromechanical component (150) is designed as a relay, optionally wherein the relay (150) is suitable for use in a relay socket (112) of a programmable logic controller and / or the device comprises a programmable logic controller.

3. Device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one switching cycle is carried out to determine the current profile (104) of the electromechanical component (150), optionally wherein the switching cycle comprises an armature movement when switching on a coil current (110) of the electromechanical component (150).

4. Device (100) according to claim 3, wherein the switching cycle in the current profile (104) has a time-determined local minimum (107) based on the armature movement of the electromechanical component (150).

5. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a type (114) of the electromechanical component (150) is determined based on the first match of the determined current profile (104) with one of the predetermined current profiles, optionally wherein a first error message (208) is generated in the event of a first mismatch of the determined current profile (104) with one of the predetermined current profiles.

6. The device (100) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a manufacturer (116) of the type (114) of the electromechanical component (150) is determined based on the first match, optionally wherein a message comprising the manufacturer (116) and the type (114) of the electromechanical component (150) is signaled.

7. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a check of the type (114) and optionally of the manufacturer (116) of the electromechanical component (150) is carried out based on a second match of the determined current profile (104) with one of the predetermined current profiles which has the first match, optionally wherein in the event of a mismatch a second error message (208) is generated.

8. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein determining the first match or second match comprises determining the required supply voltage of the electromechanical component based on the measurement of the current waveform, wherein an assignment of the required supply voltage is based on reference values or a machine learning method, optionally wherein the device (100) automatically sets the required supply voltage based on the determination.

9. Device (100) according to claim 8, wherein in the machine learning method, measurement series of the determined current profile (104) and the predetermined current profile are taken into account directly or measurement series of features extracted from the determined current profile and the predetermined current profile are taken into account as input data for the machine learning method, and / or wherein, based on the reference measurement series, a Euclidean distance between the determined current profile (104) and the predetermined current profile is taken into account.

10. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein depending on a degree of the first agreement and / or the second agreement of the determined current profile and one of the predetermined current profiles, the control activates a predictive maintenance and / or a soft Switching and / or a self-healing process of the electromechanical component is initiated, optionally whereby the activation of the predictive maintenance comprises a parameterization of the predictive maintenance.

11. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the determination of the current profile of the electromechanical component (150) takes place taking into account the prevailing temperature.

12. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the determination of the current profile of the electromechanical component (150) takes place taking into account the prevailing installation position.

13. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the determination of the first correspondence between the determined current profile and one of the predetermined current profiles takes place taking into account the course of the coil current (110) during the armature return movement (108).

14. A method (200) for testing an electromechanical component (150), comprising: Determining (202), with a controller, a current profile (104) of the electromechanical component (150), wherein the current profile (104) has a time-determined local maximum (106) based on an armature return movement (108) when switching off a coil current (110) of the electromechanical component (150), Classifying (202), with the controller (102), the determined current profile (104) on the basis of a plurality of predetermined current profiles, wherein the classification (202) comprises determining a first correspondence of the determined current profile (104) with one of the predetermined current profiles, taking into account the armature return movement (108).

15. The method (200) according to claim 14, further comprising the steps: Type comparison (202) of the identified electromechanical component (150) with one of the intended types (114) of the electromechanical component, Outputting (206) an approval signal for operating the electromechanical component (150) if the type (114) of the identified electromechanical component (150) matches one of the intended types (114) of the electromechanical component (150), and otherwise outputting an error signal (208) with respect to the electromechanical component (150), optionally wherein, upon output of the error signal (208), a deactivation of the predictive maintenance and / or the soft switching and / or the self-healing process of the electromechanical component (150) occurs.

16. A computer program product comprising program code sections for carrying out the steps according to claim 14 or 15, when the computer program product is executed on one or more computing devices, optionally when the computer program product is stored on a computer-readable recording medium.

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