Access or acquisition system

Abstract

The invention relates to an access or acquisition system which has at least one device (V1, V2, V3) for data exchange and a database (DB), wherein the device is designed such that - it can perform access to data in or from entries in a blockchain, - using this blockchain, it can perform transactions by exchanging signals in the form of a crypto value with a crypto wallet (K, S2), - it can detect the wallet address (WA) of a crypto wallet (K, S2) involved in such a transaction, - it can determine whether the crypto wallet (K, S2) having the thus detected wallet address (WA) has a unique crypto value, the identification code of which is in the database (DB), wherein the unique crypto values registered in this way via this database represent a licence for exercising a right to access or acquisition or performance by the crypto wallet (K, S2).

Description

[0001] ACCESS OR REFERENCE SYSTEM

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention relates to access and purchase systems (systems) with secure identification of authorized access or purchasers using a blockchain.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] Historically, access systems have been based on mechanical keys. Only the correct key, which fits the lock blocking the access, allows the user of the key access to a property. Electronic and especially digital access systems also use keys, which are then recognized by a corresponding electronic device. A username and password are also common, often accompanied by two-factor identification. One common problem is remembering usernames and especially passwords. Many different access points mean many different access codes (username, password, etc.), which makes management difficult. If you write down the access codes and keep them in a secure place, they are usually not available when you need them.If you write them down and keep this record with you for constant use, there is a risk of compromise if they fall into the wrong hands. Password managers can often be helpful here. These systems identify certain physical characteristics that are sufficiently unique, such as fingerprints, faces, or irises, before converting them into electronic identifiers that then grant the corresponding access. Password managers reduce the various access points to a single access code – but the problem of the password manager's master password being compromised still remains. A major disadvantage of all these systems is that they are not universally available, are organized too centrally, or their security and uniqueness are not always verifiable in individual cases.

[0006] There are approaches to implementing ownership rights over crypto assets (tokens) via "smart contracts" using decentralized blockchain-based systems (Lebeau and Mostavi, WO2018213672 A1). This requires the token to be programmed accordingly using a computer program that represents the execution of instructions according to the "smart contract." It has also been proposed that proof of ownership of a property or piece of land be represented as a "smart contract" and stored in a blockchain (Daly, US2020193717 A1). Ownership rights can also be represented for mobile goods via NFTs as virtual goods in the sense of an electronic "voucher," and the goods represented by such an NFT can be obtained by exchanging such an NFT at an exchange (Rice, US2021279695 A1).The secure storage of medical data on NFTs has also been proposed (Kruger and Spurr, US2022406419 A1), as has the secure cryptographic storage of personal data in an NFT (Jakobsson, 202386191 A1). Certain NFTs can also be used in more complex business processes by associating them with a metric for the reputation of bidders in an auction. Other NFTs, after being assigned a financial value, can be used as a deposit, the amount of which can depend on the reputation metric (Vosseller, 2023103398 A1). Overall, such reputation tokens can be obtained from various sources, and by collecting and providing these reputation tokens to an auction organizer, the reputation of a bidder can be proven (Vosseller, US2023108817 A1).These are usually comparatively complex systems, some of which operate via "smart contracts" linked to the tokens as executable code, and are unsuitable for the task at hand. The implementation of an interface through which the token and the computer program learn whether a condition for executing the "smart contract" has been met is always problematic. Furthermore, the tokens often have to be sent back and forth between the systems in a complicated way to maintain permanent functionality. Another challenge here is the secure determination of access and purchase authorization.

[0007] A blockchain is a decentralized network consisting of a chain of interconnected blocks that stores information, value, transaction data, etc., in the form of entries in the blockchain (cryptocurrency). The blockchain allows different participants to validate and verify these entries without the need for a central authority. Various consensus methods can be used for this purpose. For example, the Bitcoin and Ethereum networks use "Proof of Work" (PoW) as a consensus method. PoW offers extremely high security, but also high transaction costs and slow transaction speeds.

[0008] So-called miners, as network nodes, have to solve a mathematical problem. Solving this problem is time- and energy-intensive. However, there are also other consensus mechanisms that make greater or lesser compromises on absolute security in order to achieve higher transaction speeds (Proof of Stake, etc.). Changing or deleting an entry in the blockchain is no longer possible afterwards. The entries are therefore secure and unique, and tampering is impossible. Every entry in the blockchain (transaction) is based on a cryptographic procedure that uses key pairs (public and private key). A wallet address of a crypto wallet can be derived from the public key. It is preferably used to confirm that a transaction was signed by the correct wallet address.

[0009] A wallet address allows you to track related transactions and the corresponding transaction history (e.g., incoming and outgoing transactions, account balance, etc.) in the blockchain. However, the public key or wallet address does not provide control over a cryptocurrency. This requires the private key associated with a specific wallet address, to which the blockchain entry is linked.

[0010] The private key is necessary to authorize and sign transactions from this wallet address. It is therefore important to keep the private key secure and private. Typically, a master private key of a crypto wallet is generated from 12 secret words (recovery key, recovery phrase, or seed phrase) using a deterministic wallet creation algorithm. The crypto wallet is therefore a type of access instrument to crypto assets, or a type of tool that allows transactions to be carried out on the blockchain using the unique key pair.

[0011] People say "you transfer (transfer) something (cryptocurrency, etc.) from one crypto wallet with a specific wallet address to another," but what they mean is that this creates a new entry in the blockchain that stores the "transfer" transaction securely, validated, verified, and immutably in the blockchain, along with the corresponding accompanying information (e.g., wallet address, token ID, time, costs, etc.). Therefore, when the usual formulation of a "transfer" or "transfer" from one crypto wallet to another is used below, it means that a specific transaction is made with an entry in the blockchain, and control over the result of the transaction is transferred to the crypto wallet to which the "transfer" was made, according to the entry. The accompanying information about the transaction is stored immutably as an entry in the blockchain.Cryptocurrencies, for example, are represented in the Bitcoin network via Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXO). The Bitcoin amount (cryptovalue) available under a Bitcoin address (wallet address) is referred to as a UTXO. If, for example, an amount x in a specific cryptocurrency is transferred or sent from a crypto wallet K1 with the wallet address WA(K1) to a crypto wallet K2 with the wallet address WA(K2), this transaction is stored securely and immutably as an entry in the blockchain, and control over x is transferred from the crypto wallet K1 to the crypto wallet K2. Wallet and crypto wallet are used synonymously in this document. In order to carry out "transfers" or "transfers" from the crypto wallet K1 to the crypto wallet K2, knowledge of the wallet addresses of K1 and K2, as well as the private key of K1, is usually required.

[0012] Technically speaking, the transaction is stored as a corresponding entry in the blockchain. In order to then access this transferred information (crypto asset, cryptocurrency, NFT, etc.), the wallet address K2 and K2's private key are required. Access to the private key is proof of ownership (control) of a crypto asset, or information or value digitally stored or encoded in the blockchain. Information, signal, value, crypto asset (cryptocurrency, token, etc.), identifier, transaction parameters, and parameters can be used synonymously in relation to transactions using crypto wallets or similar devices, depending on the context. This means that "information is transferred from a crypto wallet" is more general than, for example, "a cryptocurrency is transferred from a crypto wallet," but is fundamentally synonymous here—which is logically clear from the respective context anyway.Crypto assets can be any information in a blockchain, such as cryptocurrencies, tokens including non-fungible tokens, etc., over which there is control by a crypto wallet with an associated wallet address or which is stored in a blockchain, or is represented there as an entry after a corresponding transaction.

[0013] In reality, however, the crypto value or the information about the transaction is not stored in the corresponding crypto wallet, but in the blockchain. The crypto wallet is merely a tool with which control over it can be exercised. Although crypto values ​​are technically represented by an entry in the blockchain, functionally they appear to be stored in the crypto wallet. Functionally, i.e., from the practical perspective of transactions using crypto wallets and their representation in a conventional crypto wallet, the crypto values ​​in question are stored in a crypto wallet or similar devices. Functionally, crypto wallets and similar devices, such as crypto exchanges, which enable and consolidate control over the transactions and values ​​(crypto values) technically stored in the blockchain, are therefore functionally storage facilities for crypto values.The underlying technical processes related to the blockchain, with regard to the transaction and storage functions of crypto wallets, are not initially apparent to the user of a crypto wallet or similar device. Functionally, their crypto assets are stored in their crypto wallet, and they can, for example, send crypto assets to or receive them from another crypto wallet.

[0014] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0015] It is the object of the invention to overcome the problems of the prior art and to propose a device and a method which, using a blockchain, overcome the disadvantages of conventional access and acquisition systems and, in doing so, enable secure access to a location, an object or a system (access according to the invention), or secure acquisition of a good or a service (acquisition according to the invention), or generally secure execution of a technical process by simple handling of a crypto wallet with an inventive exchange of crypto values ​​with a device according to the invention.

[0016] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The object is achieved by an inventive device according to claim 1 and a corresponding technical method according to claim 7 as well as a computer program product according to claim 8, wherein a property of a crypto wallet, such as the wallet address or the availability of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT), is used to establish a license for an inventive access or an inventive subscription and to execute this access or subscription according to certain technical criteria. The inventive access and subscription system represents an identification system which can identify a crypto wallet involved in a transaction according to the invention as being authorized to access or to purchase depending on whether the inventive technical criteria are met. An inventive access and subscription system evaluates the inventive criteria for exercising an access or subscription right in the real world and manages orregulates or controls access or acquisition, or its technical implementation, using a blockchain. It opens or releases access to an object by enabling it in some way, or enables or executes the acquisition of a good if the corresponding criteria of the invention are met. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 6.

[0018] In order to exercise access or subscription rights, a signal or information (cryptovalue) is exchanged between a cryptowallet (terminal device) and a device according to the invention, wherein the device is equipped to determine whether a corresponding license for access to an object or for the acquisition of a good or right, which is preferably designed as a blockchain-based token with a unique and unmistakable identification, for example as a NET (non-fungible token), is located in the cryptowallet.The fact that a crypto value is functionally exchanged between a crypto wallet and a device according to the invention, which in turn can be at least partially designed as a crypto wallet, technically means that control over the crypto value, which is represented by an entry of a corresponding transaction in the blockchain, is exchanged between the crypto wallet and a device according to the invention. In other words, control over the crypto value is transferred from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or vice versa. The fact that a crypto value, such as a certain amount of a cryptocurrency or an NFT, is functionally located in a crypto wallet or device technically means that the crypto wallet or device has control over the crypto value, which is represented by the entry of a corresponding transaction in the blockchain.In the following, one or both representations (functional or technical) are used depending on the situation.

[0019] An access system within the meaning of the invention comprises all systems, devices, and methods that, with the aid of (using) a blockchain, technically execute, implement, regulate, or control (the exercise of rights for) access to a location or object of any kind, or a technical system of any kind, or the execution of a technical process of any kind, but preferably in the real world, according to inventive criteria, or establish or determine the right to do so. Such a location or object, or technical system, or technical process can be any location, any object, any technical system, or any technical process, preferably in the real world, to which access or execution can fundamentally be limited or restricted. This includes access to an electronic system such as a computer, a digital network, a memory, a computer program (application), etc.or the confirmation of execution requests within a program sequence or a technical process in general, such as the confirmation to carry out a specific transfer within an online banking process. For example, it can be access to a real room (e.g. apartment, safe deposit box, house, bank, etc.) in the real world, for example through a locked door through which one can physically walk, or to a device or a function of a device (e.g. car, computer, etc.) or to software (database, app, online application, program, etc.) which primarily performs functions for the real world, such as transferring or spending money with which one can buy real goods or other goods at a vending machine, placing an order, issuing or sending a real object in the real world or simply exercising a right such as boarding a means of transport, etc.If, for example, an access requester requests access to an object (e.g. room) in the real world, such as a person who wants to enter a room with a locked door that is secured (protected) against general access or opening by the access system according to the invention, a corresponding device of the access system according to the invention using a blockchain first determines whether the access requester has any access authorization at all. If this is the case, a preferably electromechanical (mechatronic) mechanism, which can be part of the access system according to the invention, is activated by a corresponding device of the access system according to the invention in such a way that the door is opened using a corresponding, preferably (electro-)mechanical device, and access to the room with the previously locked door is now possible.

[0020] Access to software, if it is carried out for an activity or application preferably for or in the real world, such as a bank account, bank transfers, an internet account such as Amazon, where one can order real things, computers, servers, clouds, software for technical, mathematical, scientific, economic applications, etc., i.e. applications such as those that can be used for processes of daily life or professional life in the real world, can therefore also be realized with an invention according to the invention.

[0021] A reference system within the meaning of the invention is any system that, with the help of (using) a blockchain, technically executes, implements, regulates, or controls the acquisition of a good or service according to inventive criteria, or establishes or determines the right to do so. Such a good or service can be any good or service, preferably from the real world (nature), whose acquisition can be fundamentally restricted. For example, it could be the authorization to acquire a specific medication or a digital version of a piece of music or book, etc. For example, it could be the acquisition of a good that can actually be physically consumed by humans, such as a beverage or medication, etc.or the purchase of a product that may be necessary or helpful for personal use in the real world or the professional world, such as the purchase of a train ticket or software for the exercise of a job or to carry out tasks in the real world. If, for example, an applicant requests the purchase of a real-world product, such as a person who wants to order a specific medication from an online shop, the applicant must prove to an inventive purchase system integrated into the shop, for example during the actual ordering process, that they are entitled to purchase. Once proof of eligibility has been provided, the purchase system executes the order of the entitled applicant by, for example, sending an instruction in the form of an electronic signal (message) to a warehouse or shipping system, whose executing logistics or technical device may be part of the inventive reference system.

[0022] The invention is actually an access, reference and identification system which only allows the execution of a technical process, which requires the identification of the person requesting execution as the person authorized to execute, if a device according to the invention can be proven in the manner according to the invention by a crypto wallet requesting (advertising) execution that it has a license for the execution of the technical process, which license can preferably be executed as a unique crypto value in the crypto wallet or can be specified by the wallet address of the crypto wallet.

[0023] Effector

[0024] An access or reference system according to the invention is preferably a part of the real world and suitable for directly or indirectly triggering, executing, controlling or regulating technical processes such as, for example, movements of mass-based and non-virtual machine elements in the real world by implementation in a technical device in the real world (Fig. 1, 2). It grants access or reference if the criterion for access or reference is met and the corresponding license for this has been presented to the system or proven. It can be directly or indirectly coupled or connected to or with technical devices such as machines or systems in the real world and can thus, or as part of these devices, machines or systems, trigger, execute, control or regulate technical processes in the real world, for example by transmitting mechanical, magnetic, electrical or electromagnetic, optical or acoustic signals, etc.can exchange information with these technical devices such as machines or systems in the real world. Such technical processes can be, for example, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or acoustic processes or actions or signals etc. in or for the real world. Corresponding actions, processes or signals are preferably triggered or executed when a defined access or reference criterion is met. Further examples are the assisted or automated opening of a door to sensitive areas in a laboratory or medical facility or to a vehicle, an apartment, a locker, etc. or secure access to an electronic or digital area (software), for example on the Internet, or the execution of actions with software which, at least in the broadest sense, has a direct or indirect influence on processes in the real world, as described above.In a very concrete and real way, access can be granted technically by a suitable control mechanism, such as an electromechanical mechanism, opening a safe deposit box, such as in a bank. A technical signal within the meaning of the invention would also be, for example, an SMS. The mechanism can be more or less integrated into the system according to the invention and be part of the system, or it can be fixedly or detachably, permanently or temporarily connected to the access or reference system or an inventive device of a system according to the invention.

[0025] Not in the narrower sense of the invention, but also not necessarily excluded, would be virtual applications that influence processes, for example in a game in the broadest sense, which can be shared or played with others locally alone or with the aid of a network (e.g. the Internet). This also includes virtual worlds as software constructs for occupation or pastime. Access to or acquisition of such software can, however, also be inventive. In other words, while the control of actions with an access or acquisition function within software or a software application, e.g. in the sense of game software in the broadest sense, is unlikely to be inventive, access to or acquisition of such software can be.The criterion for assessing whether a device or a method step is in accordance with the invention or not is its direct or indirect effect on the real world.

[0026] If, for example, an access applicant requests access to software on a computer or on the Internet, which is protected from general access by access restrictions and this access is only available to authorized persons, then access can be granted using an access system according to the invention. However, if real-world processes are simulated in the software, i.e. when the software is used, which have no direct or indirect influence on actual processes in the real world, such as work, business, medicine, research, everyday life, etc., such as opening a door in a computer game, then an access or reference system used for this purpose is not in the narrower sense according to the invention. However, if a process is triggered within a software (when the software is used) using an access or reference system, which in turn has an effect on the real world, e.g.For example, if a person orders a real medication from an online shop, this access or procurement system can again be considered inventive in that it enables the program flow to execute the access or procurement through possible authorization confirmation, which requires identification of the requester. Accordingly, an action using the software, for example after inventive access to it, can also be inventive if it has sufficient relevance to the real world or life in the real world. In this sense, for example, after access to an online bank account, the confirmation (signature) for carrying out a money transfer or withdrawal would again be a task for an inventive access or procurement system. The reason is that this is real (accepted) money, which can be used in the real world to exchange for (other) goods or to purchase goods.

[0027] The usual embodiments of the access or purchase system according to the invention require the use of a crypto wallet (terminal device) as an access or purchase advertiser. In the usual embodiments, there is the possibility of direct or indirect communication through the exchange of crypto values ​​between the crypto wallet or an equivalent device with the same or similar functionality and the inventive device of the system. The device can then, via an interface with a transmitting and / or receiving function, ensure an exchange of information that is useful or required for the exchange of crypto values ​​with a crypto wallet. In particular, the interface can suitably encode information with or for the inventive device and display it in a suitable form (e.g., QR code), for example, on a screen.Such information can be the wallet address (WA) of a crypto wallet K, the type of exchanged (sent or received) crypto asset (e.g., Ether), the quantity (amount) of exchanged crypto asset (e.g., 0.1 Ether), etc.

[0028] The interface could be equipped with a camera capable of capturing information from a device (hardware) that houses, contains, or executes a crypto wallet (software) and processing it appropriately. For example, capturing information (e.g., a QR code) from a suitable coded representation and decoding, evaluating, and processing it appropriately. The device according to the invention, or a part thereof, or an interface according to the invention for communication between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention can be designed as a mobile device or as a stationary device.

[0029] The communication between the access or subscription applicant (e.g. crypto wallet) and the device of the system according to the invention can take place on the one hand via a suitable interface for the exchange of important information for an exchange of crypto values, and on the other hand by connection to a suitable network (Internet, blockchain) for the exchange of crypto values ​​(signal).

[0030] Communication with the device according to the invention may also be possible by entering (transmitting) an identifier, for example in the form of a password (TokenID or LicenseID or wallet address or a unique identification derived from these), which preferably represents a unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) or a wallet address (e.g. Fig. 3). The transmission of such an identifier can, for example, be carried out by manual entry via a keyboard at a terminal with the aid of an input mask on a screen. The interface can also have or establish an electronic or network connection for the transmission of information between the advertising crypto wallet and a device according to the invention of the system.

[0031] A distinction is preferably made here between at least four types of communication between a device according to the invention and an access and subscription-promoting party (cryptowallet):

[0032] 1. The exchange of information (transaction parameters, parameters) that are important for a transaction using a blockchain, such as the exchange of a crypto asset, and preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a crypto wallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a crypto wallet, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique crypto asset, the type of crypto asset, the quantity of a crypto asset (number of crypto units, amount), etc. They can be presented, for example, as a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a crypto wallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone), e.g., via a screen of the device according to the invention.Preferably, this exchange of information prepares a transaction by exchanging a crypto value between a crypto wallet and the device according to the invention.

[0033] 2. The exchange of a signal in the form of a crypto value (transaction) between a device according to the invention and a crypto wallet using a blockchain (blockchain network). For this purpose, the device according to the invention has a suitable technical connection to a blockchain (a blockchain network), preferably via an internet connection. The transfer of a crypto value preferably occurs by transferring a specific amount in a cryptocurrency, which can also represent an access or purchase fee. This crypto value can also be a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT). The wallet address of the crypto wallet can also be transmitted (functionally).

[0034] 3. The input of an identifier, for example in the sense of a password or an order code, which can encode a TokenID (TID) or wallet address, by the requesting party, for example the holder of a crypto wallet or a buyer of a good, via a suitable input system (e.g. input mask on a screen of a terminal which is connected to the device according to the invention or is part of such), etc. is conceivable (e.g. Fig. 3).

[0035] 4. The transmission (transfer) of a license in the form of a unique crypto asset from a device according to the invention or a device functionally and technically associated with such an asset to a crypto wallet. Such devices can also be trading or sales platforms for unique crypto assets.

[0036] A unique crypto asset can therefore function both as a signal and as a license.

[0037] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0038] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. The drawings are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, but in no way restrict it or represent it exhaustively.

[0039] It shows:

[0040] Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of an access system according to the invention in which a license in the form of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) in a crypto wallet K establishes access authorization to an object or a technical system, etc.

[0041] Fig. 2 shows an expanded schematic of an access system according to the invention in which a license in the form of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) in a crypto wallet K establishes access authorization to an object or a technical system, etc., by also schematically illustrating the information exchange between the basic elements of the access system and a blockchain. Fig. 3 shows a flowchart with a representation of method steps for carrying out the task according to the invention. In order to decide whether access authorization exists or not, the corresponding device processes both the input of an identifier in the sense of a password and a signal in the form of a crypto value, which can be exchanged as part of a transaction between the crypto wallet K with the wallet address WA and the access or reference system according to the invention.The wallet address of the requesting party's crypto wallet involved in the transaction serves as the license. If possible, the identifier should be transmitted via a different transmission method than the signal.

[0042] Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing method steps for carrying out the task according to the invention when the license is implemented exclusively by the wallet address of a crypto wallet and also schematically showing the information exchange between the basic elements of the access system and a blockchain.

[0043] Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing method steps for carrying out the object according to the invention when the license is realized by a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) and also schematically showing the information exchange between the basic elements of the access system and a blockchain.

[0044] Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a reference system with the ability to determine and execute commission payments to an intermediary whose crypto wallet contains a license (intermediary license) in the form of a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT). The intermediary can provide an order code, uniquely linked to the identification code of the unique crypto asset in their crypto wallet, to a buyer for preferential purchase of an asset. This order code is used to identify the intermediary's crypto wallet for the transfer of a commission. The interactions of elements of the reference system with the blockchain are also shown.

[0045] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a reference system with the ability to determine and execute commission payments to an intermediary whose crypto wallet contains a license (intermediary license) in the form of a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT). The intermediary can provide an order code, uniquely linked to the identification code of the unique crypto asset in their crypto wallet, to a buyer for preferential purchase of an item. This order code identifies the intermediary's crypto wallet for the transfer of a commission. Here, the "seller" function is split into two separate functions, V1 and V2. The interactions of elements of the reference system with the blockchain are also shown.

[0046] Fig. 8 shows another schematic representation of a reference system. Here, a signal within a transaction corresponds to the transmission of the order code C.

[0047] Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of the processes in a reference system when the order code C is linked to the wallet address of the broker's crypto wallet.

[0048] Fig. 10 shows a further schematic representation of the processes in a reference system when the order code C is linked to the license for brokerage in the form of the wallet address of the broker's cryptowallet K.

[0049] Fig. 11 shows a simplified representation of the processes in a reference system when the order code C is linked to the identification code of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT) as a license for the brokerage, preferably when the unique crypto asset is located in the broker's crypto wallet K.

[0050] Fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram for determining the value of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT), which has already been in various crypto wallets of intermediaries as a license and has increased its value through its previous functionality.

[0051] WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0052] According to the invention, the access or reference system comprises a device which can exchange a crypto value (signal) with a crypto wallet (transaction) by either taking over control of the crypto value from the crypto wallet or transferring it to the crypto wallet (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 2 in Fig. 2).

[0053] The system (access or reference system) further comprises a device which can determine the wallet address of this crypto wallet, at least after the transaction has taken place (e.g. V2 or V3). The wallet address can be transmitted directly or indirectly to the device according to the invention. Direct means that (functionally) the wallet address is transmitted to the device according to the invention during the transaction (transmission of a signal (crypto value)) or is transmitted to the device according to the invention via an input terminal. Indirect means that the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction is (technically) determined or established via suitable access by the device according to the invention to data in or from entries in a blockchain. Interactions with an exchange of data from entries in or from a blockchain with a device according to the invention oran access or reference system according to the invention are preferably represented in the figures by “dotted arrows”.

[0054] Technically, the wallet address is determined via information that the access or reference system or the corresponding device according to the invention generates from the blockchain or from data in or from entries in a blockchain, for example by accessing them, reading them there and processing them accordingly. In this sense, the blockchain is also a memory or database that the access or reference system according to the invention can access and from which the appropriate information can be generated. Preferably, the device or parts thereof are connected to an electronic network, e.g. the Internet or blockchain, and can thus access databases, technical infrastructure and functions outside the device in the narrower sense (blockchain). A blockchain can also be part of the device according to the invention.

[0055] The transaction process can be carried out as follows:

[0056] In the case of a locked access to an object (e.g. door), a suitable representation of information (transaction parameters, parameters) is preferably presented by the device according to the invention via a suitable interface, which can but does not have to be part of the access or reference system, e.g. via a QR code or a character string etc. on a screen or a sheet or via a technical (e.g. electrical or electromagnetic) connection with a device requesting access or reference (e.g. cryptowallet), which is necessary for an exchange of a crypto value with a cryptowallet (transaction), and which can be adopted by the cryptowallet, for example by reading it (receiving it).

[0057] The reverse case, in which the identifier (information) is presented by the requesting crypto wallet and recorded (received) by the device, is also conceivable. The identifier (information) preferably contains or encodes at least one of the following properties (transaction parameters): wallet address of the crypto wallet involved, the address (wallet address) of the device according to the invention for exchanging the crypto value, the type of crypto value to be transferred, the amount of crypto value to be transferred (amount), a transaction identifier, etc. In any case, from a technical perspective, these properties are determined primarily via information that the access or reference system or the corresponding device according to the invention generates from the blockchain or from data in or from entries in a blockchain, for example, by accessing and reading these data there and processing them accordingly.Ideally, the identifier (information) is designed (represented) in such a way that, when transmitted to the crypto wallet or device, e.g., by scanning a QR code by the crypto wallet, etc., it already contains all the information required to carry out the inventive exchange of a crypto value (signal, transaction) between the device and the crypto wallet requesting access (e.g., type of crypto value, amount of crypto value, and, if applicable, wallet address of a participating device or crypto wallet). After reading the identifier, the crypto wallet only needs to confirm this via a "send" or "receive" function, depending on how the transfer of the crypto value is agreed upon in the specific system (access or reference system). This is the functional perspective of the process. Technically speaking, this information is processed via the blockchain.

[0058] Using the information exchanged via the interface (transaction parameters), a transaction (exchange of a crypto value (signal) between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention) is then prepared and executed. The crypto value or control over the crypto value is exchanged between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention during this transaction; it is thus transferred from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or vice versa. For this purpose, the device according to the invention is connected to a blockchain or blockchain network, for example, via a suitable internet connection.Subsequently, the device according to the invention uses the blockchain and other (internal) databases to determine important data for deciding whether access or purchase authorization exists, such as the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction, the identification code (token ID) of a unique crypto value possibly "located" in the crypto wallet, etc.

[0059] Using this important data, the device according to the invention determines whether access or subscription authorization exists for the crypto wallet that is being accessed or advertised. This is preferably done by the device checking whether the crypto wallet that is being accessed or advertised has a license. This process can be implemented differently depending on the specific embodiment.

[0060] If the access or purchase authorization exists because the crypto wallet requesting access or purchase has a corresponding license, the access or purchase is granted and, if necessary, the specific execution of the authorization (e.g., opening a door) or purchase (e.g., production or shipping of a good) is realized using an inventive effector. A license is used to determine the corresponding authorizations, which can be implemented differently depending on the specific implementation (e.g., wallet address of a crypto wallet, unique crypto value or its identification code (identifier, token ID, license ID, TID, LID)), etc.

[0061] In any case, an authorized access or subscription right must acquire an access or subscription right (license) by applying for it and ultimately receiving it from a corresponding authorized body. The access or subscription right (license) is granted (realized), as described in the corresponding embodiments, either by transferring a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) to the crypto wallet of the access or subscription applicant and entering a unique identifier of this crypto asset (TokenID) into a database of valid unique crypto assets of the access or subscription system according to the invention, and the TokenID (TID) thus becomes the LicenseID (LID). However, the access or subscription right can also be granted (realized) by entering the wallet address, or a uniquely derived identifier of the crypto wallet to be used to exercise the access or subscription, into a database of valid wallet addresses.The corresponding valid wallet address is then the license ID. A combination of both requirements (correct wallet address and correct token ID) can also represent access or purchase authorization.

[0062] First, a license L is created, which, for example, establishes rights to a real-world good or for access to an object. This license is then represented as a crypto asset, e.g., as a token, or as a wallet address in the blockchain, which has its own, preferably unique, electronic (e.g., alphanumeric) identification (identification code, identifier), the license ID, e.g., a non-fungible token (NFT) or the wallet address. For example, this can be done with an Ethereum-based blockchain. However, it can be any other basis. For example, a token is created (mined) to which a license is assigned or which represents a license. In the case of an NFT, a specific license, e.g., license no. 4711, which is distinguished not only by the unique identification code but also by its content (rights) or its value or by another property such as,The number of brokered sales of an asset, the value of a real estate or land share, or a property or land can be assigned to a specific NFT, e.g., NFT No. 4711 (License ID). The textual content of the license, which describes how and under what conditions the license establishes a right to a real-world asset, can be attached to the token as text, encoded within it, or made available somewhere on the Internet for general viewing or for viewing only by the token holder. Throughout this document, the terms license, token, NFT, unique crypto asset, identification code, identifier, TokenID, TID, LicenseID, LID, etc., which can represent the license, can be used synonymously depending on the context.

[0063] 1 . Embodiment (wallet address = license):

[0064] In a specific embodiment (Figs. 3, 4), the device has a database (database of valid wallet addresses) in which those wallet addresses are listed for which access or purchase authorization exists (license). If the wallet address of the crypto wallet used in a transaction promoting access or purchase is found in this database, access to an object or the purchase of a good can be granted. The corresponding transaction is the exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention. The wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction is determined by a device according to the invention. Functionally, the wallet address can be transmitted along with the signal. Technically speaking, this occurs when the device according to the invention determines the wallet address from data in or from entries in the blockchain.For this purpose, a device according to the invention preferably accesses data in or from entries in the blockchain in a suitable manner and processes them according to the invention. After determining the wallet address, a (further) device according to the invention of the system or a module of a device according to the invention (control, control device, control device) determines whether this wallet address is listed in a database of (valid) wallet addresses, which contains those wallet addresses that establish the right to access the object or to acquire the good in question (license).

[0065] The entry of a wallet address into the database of valid wallet addresses preferably occurs after a registration process, using a device according to the invention. During the registration process, the person requesting access or subscription must prove, preferably through suitable identification via the device according to the invention, that they have control over the cryptowallet to be registered. This can be done, for example, by transmitting the wallet address of the cryptowallet to be qualified (for access or subscription), for example, via an input mask from a terminal connected to the device according to the invention, or by exchanging a signal between the cryptowallet and the device according to the invention or by transmitting a signal (cryptovalue) from the cryptowallet to the device according to the invention, preferably with (functional) transmission (co-transmission) of the corresponding wallet address to the device according to the invention, or both.This exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) is preferably preceded by the exchange of information (transaction parameters) between the cryptowallet and the device according to the invention, which are important for this exchange of a signal (cryptovalue), such as the wallet address, size (amount), and type of the cryptovalue, etc., via an interface according to the invention. The determination of the wallet address during the (functional) exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between a cryptowallet and a device according to the invention occurs (technically) by the device according to the invention determining or ascertaining the wallet address of the cryptowallet via inventive access to data in or from entries of a blockchain. The wallet address defined or ascertained in this way can then be entered into the database of valid wallet addresses as a largely anonymous license.

[0066] Additionally, it is conceivable that, for legal or tax reasons, further information, such as proof of a general right of use or purchase, may be used as criteria for registration. For example, in the case of access to an apartment, this would require proof that the advertiser is actually the tenant or owner, or in the case of a purchase, this would require proof that the advertiser is an authorized physician or an authorized patient for a specific medication. This includes, for example, address, name, date of birth, etc.

[0067] The cryptowallet address thus determined is then entered by the device according to the invention into the database of valid wallet addresses of the device according to the invention. The cryptowallet itself then represents the license, and the associated wallet address represents the license ID (LID). The device according to the invention thus determines (according to the method steps according to the invention) whether the access or subscription applicant actually has control over the cryptowallet to be registered.

[0068] If, after exchanging a signal (cryptovalue) with the device according to the invention, the wallet address of an access- or purchase-promoting cryptowallet matches a wallet address in the said database (database of valid wallet addresses) (e.g., cryptowallet = license, wallet address = license ID), the criterion for access to the object or purchase of a good in question is deemed to have been met, and access is granted or purchase is granted. This can occur, for example, by the device displaying this authorization on a display, such as a screen, or through another signal (e.g., a green LED), and a person responsible for exercising access authorizations is informed that they may grant access to the customer, passenger, etc., who requested access with the transaction using their cryptowallet, and allow them to pass through.However, the device can also, for example, generate a corresponding technical signal that causes a corresponding mechanism (effector) to open a door that prevents the requested access (e.g., the electromechanical opening of a lock). If the wallet address involved in the transaction does not appear in the database of valid wallet addresses, no signal is issued, or, for redundancy reasons, a corresponding signal that the requested access cannot be granted is issued. In this embodiment, the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved establishes the license to access an object or to acquire a good if it is entered in the database of valid wallet addresses. Provided the database is sufficiently well protected against manipulation by third parties, the access or acquisition system is absolutely secure, and false access or acquisition cannot be obtained.

[0069] 2nd embodiment (token = license):

[0070] In a further embodiment (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8), a unique crypto value, namely a token with a unique identification (identification code, TokenID, TID), such as an NFT (Non-Fungible Token), represents the license for access to an object or for acquiring a good. In this case, the crypto wallet requesting access or acquiring should have the token representing the corresponding license. This unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) must first be generated (“mined”) by a device V1 according to the invention using a blockchain and stored in a suitable device using a blockchain, where it is available for transfer to a crypto wallet. The token (NFT) must then be (functionally) transferred to the crypto wallet requesting access or acquiring so that it (technically) has access to it.

[0071] Obtaining the NFT

[0072] The transfer of a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) to a crypto wallet can occur, for example, by a device V1 according to the invention transferring the NFT to a specific crypto wallet with a specific wallet address, previously determined in any way. The wallet address of the crypto wallet to which the NFT is to be transferred can be determined in advance, for example, by exchanging this information on any device. For example, it is conceivable that the wallet address (destination address) of the crypto wallet is transmitted electronically to the device according to the invention.

[0073] It is also possible for the device V1 according to the invention to offer the NFT via a suitable interface or a corresponding platform (e.g., an internet website, online shop, trading or sales platform, etc.) for transfer to a crypto wallet on the basis of a free acquisition or purchase. Via a corresponding interface, for example, the exchange of information important for this NFT exchange between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention can initially take place (in preparation for the transfer of the NFT). Such information (transaction parameters) can be, for example, the wallet address of the crypto wallet, the identification code (TokenID, TID) of the unique crypto asset, the price for purchasing the NFT, etc. If both parties have the information necessary for the transfer of the NFT, the NFT can be (functionally) transferred to the crypto wallet.By transferring the NFT to a crypto wallet, for example in the case of purchasing the NFT, a certain amount of cryptocurrency or another crypto value can also be transferred from the crypto wallet to the device V1 according to the invention.

[0074] An NFT is a specific form of a unique crypto asset. However, for ease of reading and unless the context indicates otherwise, NFT is used here and elsewhere as a synonym for the general term "unique crypto asset" or "unique crypto asset."

[0075] Since the unique crypto asset (token, e.g. NFT) is located in the advertising (access or subscription) crypto wallet, which requests access to a specific object or the acquisition of a specific good, the prerequisite for qualification as a license in the form of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT) for exercising the corresponding access or subscription right through the corresponding crypto wallet exists.

[0076] Important properties of a device according to the invention

[0077] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain, whether an NFT is under the control of a crypto wallet with a specific wallet address.

[0078] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain, which identification code (TokenID, TID) is assigned to an NFT under the control of a crypto wallet.

[0079] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention), whether an NFT in general or a specific NFT defined by its TokenID (TID) has ever been under the control of a crypto wallet with a specific wallet address.

[0080] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain, the wallet addresses of all crypto wallets with which an NFT with a specific TokenID (identification code, TID) has ever been located.

[0081] The device according to the invention can be designed such that it can determine the wallet address of a crypto wallet with which a signal in the form of a crypto value was exchanged with the device according to the invention via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain.

[0082] The device according to the invention can be designed such that it can determine the wallet address of a crypto wallet which has transmitted a signal in the form of a crypto value to the device according to the invention via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain.

[0083] The device according to the invention can have a database, or at least have access to one, which contains at least one direct or indirect identifier (identification code) or identification of the valid or authorized tokens (e.g., NFT) in the sense of a license for exercising a corresponding access or subscription right. In other words, in certain application forms, the device according to the invention can have a database of valid, unique crypto assets, in which those identification codes (TokenID, TID) of unique crypto assets are listed that represent an access or subscription right within the meaning of the invention. The device according to the invention can determine whether an NFT in a crypto wallet was generated or "mined" by or through the device according to the invention.

[0084] Registration In a simple, highly anonymous variant of this embodiment, there is no registration process in the strict sense. The registration process here simply consists in transferring a unique crypto asset (NFT) according to the invention, which represents a license within the meaning of the invention, from a device according to the invention to a crypto wallet requesting access or receipt. The device according to the invention then checks, for each transaction requesting access or receipt (exchange of a signal (crypto asset)) between the crypto asset and the device according to the invention, whether a unique crypto asset (license) according to the invention is located in the crypto wallet. In one specific variant, this can be done with the aid of a database of valid unique crypto assets, in which the NFTs according to the invention representing a license are listed.

[0085] It is also conceivable that the registration process requires the input (transmission) of an identification code (TokenID, TID) of a unique crypto asset to the device according to the invention, for example, by entering this identifier via an input mask from a terminal. This can be combined with the input of the wallet address of the crypto wallet containing the unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT).

[0086] The device according to the invention then checks, in accordance with the invention, whether the unique crypto value is actually located in the entered crypto wallet. If this is the case, the identification code of the unique crypto value (license) can be entered into a database of valid unique crypto values ​​and, if applicable, the entered wallet address can also be entered into a database of valid wallet addresses.

[0087] In a more detailed and less anonymous, but more personalized registration process, after the NFT has been transferred to or into the access or subscription-promoting cryptowallet, a transaction can also be provided, namely the exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between the cryptowallet and the device according to the invention, e.g. in the form of the transmission of a signal (cryptovalue) from the cryptowallet to the device according to the invention, preferably with (functional) transmission (co-transmission) of the wallet address of the cryptowallet.After determining, according to the invention, the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction and whether a unique crypto asset is located in the crypto wallet involved in the transaction, and if so, which identification code it has, the corresponding entry of the identification code and possibly the wallet address can then be made in the described databases (database of valid unique crypto assets, database of valid wallet addresses). The device according to the invention can also, if necessary, simply check whether a unique crypto asset (NFT) according to the invention is located in the crypto wallet by determining whether it is an NFT originating from the device according to the invention. If the device according to the invention then determines that such an NFT is located in the crypto wallet, the prerequisite for registering the unique NFT as an access or subscription-granting license is generally met.

[0088] In order for the device according to the invention to be able to determine whether an NFT according to the invention is located in a crypto wallet, the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged a signal in the form of a crypto value with the device according to the invention is first determined via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain.

[0089] Before the transaction in the form of an exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between a cryptowallet and a device according to the invention, the exchange of information that is important for the transaction is required in preferred embodiments. This exchange of information preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a cryptowallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a cryptowallet, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique cryptovalue, the type of cryptovalue, the quantity of a cryptovalue (number of crypto units, amount), etc. It can be presented, for example, as a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a cryptowallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone), e.g., via a screen of the device according to the invention.

[0090] Additionally, it is conceivable that further information may be required for legal or tax reasons, such as proof of a general right of use or subscription. For example, in the case of access to an apartment, proof that the advertiser is actually the tenant or owner, or in the case of a subscription, proof that the advertiser is a physician authorized to receive the subscription. This includes, for example, address, name, date of birth, etc.

[0091] If, during this registration process, the device according to the invention determines that the unique crypto asset (NFT) contained in the crypto wallet constitutes a license to access a location or to obtain a good, the identification code (TokenID, TID) of this unique crypto asset can be entered into a database of valid unique crypto assets of the device according to the invention.

[0092] The device according to the invention checks for each access- or acquisition-requesting transaction (exchange of a signal (cryptovalue)) between the cryptowallet requesting access or acquisition and the device according to the invention whether a unique cryptovalue (license) according to the invention is located in the cryptowallet. If the device according to the invention then determines through this process that such a license is located in the cryptowallet, access is granted or acquisition is granted (executed).

[0093] In the process by which the device according to the invention determines whether a license, for example in the form of an NFT, is located in a crypto wallet, the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged a signal in the form of a crypto value with the device according to the invention is first determined via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention).

[0094] In preferred embodiments, an exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between a cryptowallet and the device according to the invention is preceded by the exchange of information (transaction parameters) that are important for a transaction using a blockchain, such as the exchange of a cryptovalue. This preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a cryptowallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a cryptowallet, the identification code (token ID) of a unique cryptovalue, the type of cryptovalue (e.g., cryptocurrency or NFT), the quantity of a cryptovalue (number of crypto units, amount), etc. They can, for example, be in the form of a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a cryptowallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone).via a screen of the device according to the invention.

[0095] A unique identifier or identity, identification code of unique crypto assets (tokens, e.g., NFTs), TID represents, in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, a TokenID or a representation derived therefrom. The identification code (TID) of those unique crypto assets (tokens, e.g., NFTs) that represent a license for access or purchase according to the invention and that are preferably located in the database of valid unique crypto assets or represented therein, are referred to in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, as LicenseIDs. The set of LicenseIDs is therefore a subset of TokenIDs. Fundamental properties are therefore the same. They differ only in the fact that LicenseIDs are TokenIDs, which are preferably stored in the database of valid unique crypto assets or represented therein.the database contains the identifier of at least one token (TokenID) which represents the unique identification of the corresponding, valid token (e.g. NFT) (LicenseID).

[0096] Such an identifier (TokenID) is implemented during digital processing, for example, as a sequence of a specific number of bits. The length (number of bits) can vary between the different identifiers. Such identifiers are typically represented today by an alphanumeric character combination. In the case of a device with a system for storing, displaying, or processing signals based on quantum probabilities (e.g., a quantum computer), the identifier preferably contains probability values ​​between 0 and 1.

[0097] In one variant (of this embodiment), the (advertising) cryptowallet requesting access to an object or the acquisition of a good exchanges a signal (cryptovalue) with an inventive device of the system using the blockchain in a manner according to the invention (transaction). Functionally, an access- or acquisition-advertising cryptowallet exchanges a cryptovalue with an inventive device, for example, by the cryptowallet transferring the cryptovalue to the inventive device, or vice versa.

[0098] After the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged the crypto value (signal) with the device has been determined according to the invention, as already described, a separate (further) device, which can preferably carry out a suitable analysis of data in or from entries in the blockchain, is used to determine (detect) whether there is any or at least one unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) in the advertising crypto wallet. This is preferably done by a device according to the invention accessing data in or from entries in a blockchain in a suitable manner and processing this data according to the invention. If there is such a unique crypto value in the advertising crypto wallet, the device according to the invention of the system ora specific module of the device, preferably using a blockchain, determines or ascertains the identification code (TID) of this or, if applicable, of the multiple unique cryptovalue(s) in the cryptowallet. A device according to the invention or a corresponding module thereof then determines whether the identifier or identification (TokenID) of a unique cryptovalue (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising cryptowallet can be found in the database of valid unique cryptovalues. If this is the case (TID = LID), i.e., if the identifier or identification code of a unique cryptovalue (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising cryptowallet is in the database of valid unique cryptovalues, the criterion for access to the object or for obtaining the good in question is deemed to be met, and access is granted, or the acquisition is enabled or carried out.

[0099] This can be achieved, as already described in another embodiment or generally, for example, by the device displaying this authorization on a display, such as a screen, or by a signal (e.g., a green light (LED)). This signal informs a person responsible for exercising access authorizations that they may grant access to the customer, passenger, etc., who requested access with the transaction using their crypto wallet, and allow them to pass through. However, the device can also, for example, generate a corresponding technical signal that triggers a corresponding mechanism to open a door that prevents the requested access (e.g., the electromechanical opening of a lock).

[0100] If there is no unique crypto asset in the advertising crypto wallet, or if the TID of the unique crypto asset detected in the advertising crypto wallet is not found in the database of valid unique crypto assets, the corresponding access or acquisition cannot be granted, and either no signal is issued or, for redundancy reasons, a corresponding (negative) signal (e.g., a red light) is issued indicating that the requested access cannot be granted. In this embodiment, a valid unique crypto asset located in the advertising crypto wallet constitutes the license to access an object or to acquire a good (TID = LID). Provided the corresponding database is sufficiently well protected against manipulation by third parties, the access or acquisition system is absolutely secure, and no false access or acquisition can be obtained.

[0101] In summary, the procedure for access or procurement, preferably and without definitively specifying all the steps listed and the order shown, is as follows:

[0102] 1. Generation of a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT), preferably by a device according to the invention. Transfer of a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) from a device according to the invention to a crypto wallet. Registration of the NFT transferred to the crypto wallet as a license for access according to the invention or for a purchase according to the invention by qualifying the unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) as a valid unique crypto value (license) in the device according to the invention. Exchange of information (transaction parameters) via an interface between a crypto wallet and the device according to the invention in preparation for a transaction between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention. Execution of a transaction by exchanging a signal in the form of a crypto value (e.g., cryptocurrency, NFT) between an access-promoting or purchase-promoting crypto wallet and a device according to the invention.Determining the wallet address of the access or subscription-promoting cryptowallet involved in a transaction (exchange of a signal in the form of a cryptovalue (e.g., cryptocurrency, NFT)), preferably via inventive access to data in or from entries in a blockchain by an inventive device. Determining whether the access or subscription-promoting cryptowallet that was involved in a corresponding transaction and is identified via the determined wallet address has at least one unique cryptovalue (e.g., NFT). Denying inventive access or an inventive subscription if the inventive device cannot determine a unique cryptovalue (e.g., NFT) in the access or subscription-promoting cryptowallet that was involved in a corresponding transaction.Determining the unique identification code (TID) of a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) detected by the device according to the invention, possibly in the access or subscription-promoting crypto wallet involved in a transaction. Determining whether an identification code (TID) of a unique crypto asset detected in an access or subscription-promoting crypto wallet, detected by the device according to the invention, is qualified (registered) in the device according to the invention as a license for access or subscription according to the invention, by the identification code preferably appearing as an entry for this identification code in a database of valid unique crypto assets.Refusing access according to the invention or a purchase according to the invention if an identification code (TID) of a unique crypto value determined by the device according to the invention in an access or purchase-advertising crypto wallet is not qualified (registered) in the device according to the invention as a license for access according to the invention or a purchase according to the invention because, for example, the identification code does not appear as an entry in a database of valid unique crypto values.

[0103] 12. Granting of access according to the invention or of a purchase according to the invention if an identification code (TID) of a unique crypto value determined by the device according to the invention in an access or purchase-promoting crypto wallet is qualified (registered) in the device according to the invention as a license for access according to the invention or of a purchase according to the invention, for example by the identification code appearing as an entry in a database of valid unique crypto values.

[0104] 13. Execution of the access or subscription right associated with the license by activating an effector that technically executes the access or subscription process.

[0105] In a further variant of the embodiment, the advertising (access or purchase advertising) crypto wallet, i.e. the crypto wallet that requests access to an object or the purchase of a good, transmits a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) as a signal to the device according to the invention. This can logically only be done once without retransmission. The device according to the invention then determines the identifier or token ID of the unique crypto value and compares it with the entries in the database of valid unique crypto values. If the identifier (TID) matches an entry in the database of valid unique crypto values ​​(LID), the criterion for granting access to a (specific) object or the purchase of a (specific) good is deemed to have been met, and access or purchase is granted.

[0106] If only a unique crypto value is used as a criterion (license) for access or acquisition, all that counts is that a valid, unique crypto value is in the crypto wallet or was in it immediately before the transfer to the device according to the invention. In this variant, which crypto wallet is or was involved in the transaction plays no role in fulfilling the criterion for granting access or acquisition. The NFT transmitted as a signal then essentially corresponds to a valid admission ticket that was previously purchased. Who hands over the admission ticket at the entrance is irrelevant. The unique crypto value may have been in various crypto wallets after the purchase or before the specific request for access or acquisition. Just as a corresponding admission ticket can be handed over to someone else after purchase, who then exercises the right of access to the event.This is comparable to an admission ticket to an event, such as a congress or trade fair, which is not personalized – meaning that anyone with this admission ticket is permitted entry. In another variant, in addition to the unique crypto value as a signal exchanged between the advertising crypto wallet and the device according to the invention, the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet can also be used as a criterion for granting access or purchase authorization, in the manner already described, for example after a suitable registration process that ends with the entry of the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet in which the signal-generating unique crypto value is or will be located. Access or purchase can only be granted if the signal is transmitted in the form of a unique crypto value from a crypto wallet registered in the database of valid wallet addresses to the device.This is analogous to a personalized admission ticket. Only the registered person may use the admission ticket.

[0107] In a further variant, in addition to the signal, an identifier, for example in the form of a password, can be transmitted to the device according to the invention, preferably via a different transmission path than the signal.

[0108] Implementing the license and the signal exchanged between the advertising crypto wallet and a device according to the invention in the form of an NFT is therefore particularly advantageous when it comes to authorization for a very specific, unique right. A simple example, for example, admission to an event, representative of all logically similar applications, can be cited, for example, with the right to a very specific seat at an event:

[0109] The authorization grantor (organizer, such as a theater) offers a selection of special rights to an authorization applicant via its website (e.g., defined seats for a specific performance in the sense of theater tickets) (Fig. 1). For example, for purchase or, more generally, for acquisition. If this acquisition (purchase) takes place or the authorization is granted in another way, the authorization grantor (organizer) or a company on its behalf transmits a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) representing this authorization (e.g., a specific seat at a specific event, such as event xyz, on date-time, seat 131) to the crypto wallet K of the applicant. Instead of, for example, paper theater tickets or an electronic image on a mobile phone (both of which can be forged), the NFT provides an absolutely forgery-proof ticket. Upon execution of the authorization (e.g.,upon entry into the theater), for example, the NFT (with a specific token ID) is transmitted from the cryptowallet K to a device according to the invention (receiving device (e.g. via a suitable network), which functionally is a memory for storing the NFT (e.g. wallet)) which has an electronic control device for checking whether the NFT represents the claimed authorization.

[0110] The control device has a device that can determine whether the NFT transferred is actually the one previously transferred to the crypto wallet by the device according to the invention, or whether the NFT was created (mined) by a device authorized by the authorization grantor (license generation) before the NFT was transmitted to K. In other words, the purpose is to determine whether the NFT was truly created by the authorization grantor or licensor (organizer) for this particular authorization and represents the authorization claimed by W. The same applies if only the token ID was transmitted to the control device and / or an additional signal from K to the device according to the invention. The (digital) storage location can simultaneously be the location of the NFT's creation. The verification can be carried out, for example, via an identification for the license, such as the token ID of the NFT, in the control device, e.g.by comparing it with a list of valid token IDs from an electronic or digital database and / or by the control device having a device that can determine whether the license (NFT) belongs to those NFTs that represent an authorization or in which crypto wallet the NFT has ever been located, and / or whether the NFT was transferred from the device according to the invention to K, or whether the NFT has ever been at the disposal of the device according to the invention, and / or whether the NFT has ever been in K and / or whether the NFT is currently in the K into which the NFT was transferred from the device according to the invention, and / or in which wallet the NFT is currently located. V1, V2 and V3 can be mutually identical.

[0111] The wallet address of V1 and V3, if any, should be available to the control body for processing, or transmitted to it, or be available in a database.

[0112] In fact, a device according to the invention generates this information by suitable accesses from data in or from entries in the blockchain.

[0113] If the control device has a device that can verify whether the NFT was mined by V1 or an associated device (authorizer) or was stored in V1 (before it was transmitted to K), the authorization or license or NFT (e.g., theater ticket) can also be passed on by K to another wallet, and the wallet that ultimately contains the license has the authorization (e.g., theater ticket). This authorization can then be passed on by transferring the NFT from K to another crypto wallet, or multiple times. This means that the theater ticket can be sold or transferred to someone else. In this way, ticket offices or other participants in a secondary market can become active. Generally speaking, this makes it possible to establish a secondary market for the corresponding authorization (license), according to which the authorization is always located wherever the license (NFT) is located in the crypto wallet.The authorization currently lies with the NFT in the crypto wallet in which the NFT is currently located. This crypto wallet can claim the authorization. However, if the control device has a device V3 that can or does verify whether the license (NFT) transmitted by K to V2 (e.g., at the entrance to the theater before the performance) is actually the K to which the license (NFT) was previously transmitted by V1, and makes this an additional criterion for authorization, for example, this excludes authorization after a transfer. The current address of the crypto wallet containing the license (NFT) is transmitted to V2 along with the NFT. If this wallet address matches that of K to which the license (NFT) was transferred from V1, authorization is granted, and access or receipt can therefore be granted. Otherwise, access can be denied.

[0114] Ideally, a module of the device according to the invention generates a license (e.g., NFT). License, token, and NFT can be used synonymously. The license can then be stored (stored) in a suitable electronic (digital) storage (cryptowallet (functional), blockchain (technical)). If necessary, the license can be transferred from one storage to another. This storage can be personalized or not, i.e., assigned to a specific legal or physical person. The license can also be personalized in this way.

[0115] The license (NFT) was previously transferred from a storage device V1 (e.g., a third-party crypto wallet, NFT trading platform, or device according to the invention) to the advertiser's crypto wallet K. In order for a device in the sense of a control device (controller) to decide on this authorization, a signal, for example in the form of a block, blockchain, cryptocurrency, or a specific token, must be transmitted from the advertiser's crypto wallet, in which the license (e.g., NFT) is located, to this control device (controller). In this process, the wallet address, the address of the advertiser's crypto wallet, is also transmitted to the controller, which is used by the controller to evaluate and decide whether the license (NFT) is located in the advertiser's crypto wallet. In fact, a device according to the invention determines the wallet address directly or indirectly through suitable access to a blockchain.

[0116] In addition, (optionally) an identification code that is logically uniquely linked to the license (e.g. NFT), preferably the token ID or license ID of an NFT, which in the case of actual authorization is located in the crypto wallet W, is transmitted directly or indirectly by the advertiser to the control facility (control).

[0117] Direct here means that the advertiser transmits a unique identification code (e.g., TokenID) to the controller (device according to the invention), for example, via an input terminal, essentially as a password. Indirect means that the device according to the invention obtains the unique identification code (e.g., TokenID) from the transaction entry in the blockchain, i.e., from the blockchain, through inventive access to it, or that it is available, for example, via a database of valid, unique crypto values.

[0118] The control or execution of such an authorization means in this context that a decision can or will be made as to whether such an authorization exists. The device or the method according to the invention has a device or a preferably electronic method that can determine whether a corresponding authorization exists and, if appropriate, grants the corresponding access or the corresponding purchase. The system checks the authorization (e.g., access or purchase authorization) with the aid of a license, preferably in the form of or using a blockchain, which is ideally implemented as a token. This token can be any type of blockchain-based token. Preferably, the unique or unambiguous crypto value (unique token) is implemented as a non-fungible token (NFT), regardless of the basis (e.g., Ethereum, etc.).In order to obtain an authorization to which, for example, access or from which, for example, the acquisition of a good or a right, etc., is requested, the token (the license) must at least be located in the cryptowallet K of the advertiser who claims the authorization, for example by requesting access or acquisition in accordance with the present procedure. K refers to both the advertiser and their electronic device or the corresponding cryptowallet assigned to them.

[0119] The license (NFT) was previously transferred from a memory V1 to the crypto wallet K of the advertiser (W) (1 in Fig. 2). In order for the access or reference system according to the invention, in the sense of a control device (control), to be able to decide on this authorization, a signal, for example in the form of a crypto value, a crypto currency, or a specific token, must be transmitted from the crypto wallet of the advertiser, in which the license (e.g. NFT) is located, to a device V2 according to the invention (2 in Fig. 2). In this process, the wallet address, the address of the advertiser's crypto wallet, is also transmitted to the device, which serves to control the inventive evaluation and decision as to whether the license (NFT) is located in the advertiser's crypto wallet.

[0120] In the technical sense, no wallet address is transmitted; this can only appear functionally as such if, for example, a part (receiving part) of the device according to the invention is designed similarly or identically to a crypto wallet. Rather, the device according to the invention determines the wallet address by accessing data in or from entries in the blockchain, which is used here by the device according to the invention as a database.

[0121] In addition, in a special embodiment, an identification code that is logically uniquely linked to the license (e.g. NFT), preferably the TokenID of an NFT as a separate identifier (password), which in the case of actual authorization is located in the cryptowallet K, can be transmitted directly or indirectly by the advertiser to the device (control device, control) (Fig. 3).

[0122] The control device V2 has a device, which is preferably electronic or digital, to receive the identification code (e.g. TokenID), the signal and the wallet address of K.

[0123] From a functional perspective, information such as the identification code in the form of a token ID, a wallet address, etc., can be transmitted (received, sent) "directly" during the transaction. Technically speaking, this information is obtained "indirectly" from the blockchain by the device according to the invention.

[0124] The control device also has a device that can determine whether the license with the transmitted identification code (identifier) ​​for the authorization (e.g. NFT with the corresponding token ID) is in the crypto wallet K of the advertiser who claims authorization or requests access or purchase. If the identifier is not transmitted, the device checks whether a (valid) license is in the crypto wallet K. In other words, this device checks whether a valid NFT is in the crypto wallet K from which the signal was sent to the device (control device). Or in other words, this device determines whether the NFT (e.g. with the transmitted token ID) is in the crypto wallet whose wallet address was transmitted to the device (control) with the signal. If this is the case, the control device determines that the license, e.g.If the NFT is located in the crypto wallet W of the advertiser, who, for example, claims the corresponding authorization and requests access to a system or the acquisition of a good or right, access to the desired system or the acquisition of the desired good or right will be granted. Only the owner of the crypto wallet from which the signal (crypto asset), e.g., in the form of a cryptocurrency, is transmitted to the control device (control), and in which the license representing the authorization, e.g., in the form of an NFT, is located, is identified as the actual authorized party.In other words: In order to realize the corresponding authorization, for example to access a certain system or to obtain a certain good or right, the NFT representing the corresponding authorization must be located in the crypto wallet, from which a signal (crypto value), for example in the form of a certain cryptocurrency or a certain (other) token, is transmitted to the V2 (control) to request the authorization of access or acquisition.

[0125] The "V" control, V3, has a special electronic device that verifies whether the NFT or the token ID of the NFT, which represents the authorization, is actually located in the cryptowallet from which the signal was transmitted to the control, with which access or acquisition is specifically requested. If an advertiser transmits the correct identification code (token ID) to the control, but the corresponding license (NFT) is not located in the cryptowallet from which the signal (e.g., cryptocurrency) was transmitted to the control, then there is no authorization and the identification code was probably transmitted by an unauthorized person, institution, or device. The authorization will then not be recognized by the control institution (control), and access or acquisition will not be granted.

[0126] In fact, for sufficient security, it is sufficient not to transmit an identification code, since the device checks whether there is a license (e.g. NFT) in the crypto wallet and, if so, whether it is a valid one.

[0127] The control device can use any other criteria for granting authorization, e.g., specifying age, etc. Furthermore, the control device can have an additional device, e.g., a database that registers, notes, or stores how often access or a purchase has been granted, or whether a specified access or purchase quantity has been exceeded. Many electronic or digital devices are conceivable as a control device, also referred to in this document as a control. For example, the control can have an interface in the form of a web shop or web shop-like, whereby the transmission of the signal can take place, for example, in the form of a type of payment transaction using cryptocurrency. As a result, the present invention can restrict the purchase of, for example, specific or regulated goods or rights to authorized persons.The control can, for example, also be implemented in the form of an electronic device that monitors or controls access to sensitive locations or objects, for example to a safe, a locker, an account, a room, etc. The control can also be implemented, at least in part, as a crypto wallet or include one.

[0128] The license can be transferred in the form of an NFT from a central institution through which the corresponding authorizations are regulated, directly to the advertiser's crypto wallet or made available for purchase on a corresponding platform.

[0129] The information as to whether or not authorization exists, as described above, can then be transmitted to a corresponding electronic device, preferably in digital form, the authorization or access provider, hereinafter referred to as the provider (device 3). This device can then take the appropriate steps to actually fulfill the request of the advertiser, e.g., the electromechanical opening of a lock.

[0130] This could, for example, involve shipping certain products to the advertiser via appropriate logistics, for example, electronically or by mail. Depending on the application or specific design of the invention in question, the giver could be, for example, a producer, a dealer, a supplier, a government agency, or simply an electronically controlled door. The giver could also be the creator or distributor of the license (NFT). The advertiser would be the potentially authorized party for access or purchase, or for their electronic device or crypto wallet.

[0131] The license can also be time-limited. When the authorization expires for the advertiser whose wallet contains the license (NFT), the token ID of this NFT is simply deleted from the list (database) of valid licenses (NFT). Therefore, the control device ideally also has a preferably electronic (digital) database that manages the valid licenses. When the identification code (token ID) is transmitted to the control device, the control device can also check, upon receipt, whether it is (still) a valid identification code. In this way, temporarily valid authorizations could be repeatedly activated or deactivated as needed, for example by adding or removing the corresponding identification code (token ID) from the list of valid licenses (database) that the device (control device) uses to verify the validity of the licenses.

[0132] The database of valid licenses may be identical to the database of valid wallet addresses or the database of valid unique crypto assets.

[0133] To illustrate the invention, a specific embodiment (application) is briefly described below: Assume that in a certain country, such as currently in Germany, cannabis is to be legalized, but its distribution is to be limited to certain social groups and to certain quantities (distribution quantities). To realize this within the scope of the present invention, the advertiser would be, for example, a consumer who wants to consume cannabis, or rather their crypto wallet K. The advertiser requests a distributor V, a suitable entity (company, authority, etc.), to transmit an NFT that represents the entitlement to purchase cannabis, e.g. a certain amount per unit of time (e.g. 10 g per month). It is conceivable that different NFTs represent different quantities, which can be staggered, for example, depending on the age of the consumer.The appropriate (issuing) entity (distributor) could also make the NFT available on a platform for the advertiser to purchase, for example. After transferring the NFT from Device 1 to the advertiser's crypto wallet, the advertiser can then proceed to exercise their authorization by, for example, ordering 10 g of cannabis from the control.

[0134] The control can be implemented as an online shop, where, for example, payment for each purchase can be made in cryptocurrency. The cryptocurrency can be any cryptocurrency, even a generally valueless one, such as a special token for this specific type of transaction. Through such a payment process, the signal or address of the crypto wallet is transmitted to the control. Then, optionally, an identifier, such as the token ID of the NFT representing the authorization, is transmitted to the control via an interface, e.g., via an input mask of the online shop (e.g., copy-paste).

[0135] The control system has a device that can determine whether a valid NFT is located in the crypto wallet K from which the payment transaction was carried out. If this is the case, the identification as the authorized user is positive. Preferably, a database is maintained for the NFT, which stores each order assigned to this license by date and order quantity to ensure that excessive orders cannot be placed if there is a monthly order limit or a specific time or quantity-based access restriction. One advantage of this centralized ordering process with corresponding determination of authorization in accordance with this disclosure is that it ensures that the same quality of cannabis can always be guaranteed due to central quality control.

[0136] Another implementation variant would be, for example, the control of access authorization to a locker or safe: In this case, the access requester, for example the renter of a locker at a bank, purchases (receives) an NFT with a specific TokenID from the bank. This is then transferred to the crypto wallet K of the authorized renter of the locker. If the access requester (renter of the locker) requests access to their locker, they could, for example, transmit an identifier (e.g., the Token ID of their NFT) to the controller via a local terminal that allows access to the control unit (control), and transfer the address of their crypto wallet to the controller via a corresponding signal, for example by transferring a special token or a suitable crypto currency (crypto value) from the crypto wallet containing the NFT.

[0137] The (direct) transmission of the identifier, which is uniquely linked to the TokenID or uniquely encodes it, for example via a terminal connected to the device according to the invention, is optional and only further increases the security of the process, since an unauthorized person who has control over the crypto wallet but does not know the identifier, or someone who knows the identifier but does not have access to the crypto wallet, cannot gain access. The identification code or identifier, if it must also be entered via a terminal as a kind of password, should preferably not correspond directly to the TokenID, as otherwise it can be determined from the crypto wallet used and would not provide any additional security.

[0138] The control V2, V3 has a suitable device that is able to receive this information electronically and determine whether a valid NFT, optionally with the specified token ID, is located in the crypto wallet from which the corresponding signal was received. If the device determines, with the aid of the method steps according to the invention, that the NFT is located in the corresponding crypto wallet, access can be granted technically by opening the locker using a suitable control mechanism, e.g., an electromechanical mechanism. However, if the device determines, with the aid of the method steps according to the invention, that a valid NFT (license) is not located in the corresponding wallet, access cannot be granted, and the locker remains closed.

[0139] Part of a device according to the invention or of the access or reference system according to the invention can also be an effector which converts the processed information, and in particular that as to whether access or reference authorization exists in the individual case, into signals which carry out corresponding processes in the real world or for the real world.

[0140] For example, appropriate software can be started or executed that causes a process in digital or electronic devices, for example access to a computer program or an online service that is relevant for actions in the real world, such as access to a bank account. The device according to the invention can also have a corresponding signal converter (e.g. digital-to-analog converter) that inputs the data determined (calculated) by the access or reference system into a machine or system control system and converts it into an electromechanical signal, such as a specific electrical voltage to an electromechanical system that carries out the access or reference, in order to preferably execute a mechanical movement of a mass-bearing object, such as opening a door.

[0141] Furthermore, a downstream device is conceivable (possible) as an effector that emits a signal to indicate authorization for access or receipt. Such a signal can be any type of signal, such as electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, electromechanical, optical, acoustic, etc.

[0142] Ideally, the license is implemented as an NFT on a "proof of work" network (e.g., Ethereum), as this provides almost absolute security. The disadvantage of such networks, namely the comparatively slow transaction speed and high transaction costs, is irrelevant here, as in a preferred embodiment, the license is not constantly exchanged (transferred), but essentially only needs to be transferred once to the crypto wallet K, or rarely from one crypto wallet to another.

[0143] In the case where the license itself represents the signal exchanged with the device according to the invention when access or purchase is requested, it is advantageous not to use a "Proof of Work" network (e.g., Ethereum), since the transaction speed and transaction costs hinder efficient, everyday use of the access and purchase system according to the invention. In these cases, other networks (e.g., Proof of Stake, etc.) would be better suited to represent the license.

[0144] The great advantage of this variant is that the signal (cryptovalue) which is exchanged between cryptowallet K and the device according to the invention when access is requested only needs to be a "simple" cryptovalue, i.e. it does not necessarily need to be the license itself, since this signal from the device according to the invention only serves to determine K's wallet address in order to then be able to further analyze whether this advertising cryptowallet K contains a valid license, i.e. whether K is authorized to access or obtain it. Therefore, absolute security is not required here, as is the case with the transfer of the license to K using a Proof of Work network, but another network (e.g. proof of stake, proof of authority, proof of elapsed time, proof of space, proof of capacity, etc.) which enables fast and cost-effective transactions.

[0145] For example, an NFT could be implemented as a license in the Ethereum network, but the signals between the crypto wallet K and the device according to the invention (device 2) could be exchanged, for example, in a Layer 2 network of the Ethereum network without "proof of work," such as the Polygon network. In the event that the license as an NFT also represents the signal that is exchanged with the device according to the invention upon each access or purchase request, such as an admission ticket as an NFT, the license will preferably not be implemented in a "proof of work" network, but rather in a faster and more cost-effective one.

[0146] The implementation described here is also particularly advantageous for use with memberships or paid services, such as online services, since the licenses held by a crypto wallet or managed via a crypto wallet can be displayed in a very clear format. A glance at the crypto wallet provides an immediate overview of the licenses managed by the corresponding crypto wallet.

[0147] 3. Embodiment (Token + Wallet Address = License):

[0148] In a further embodiment, access to an object or purchase of a good is further restricted or specified (personalized) compared to the previous variants by additionally including a database with valid wallet addresses. In addition to the already described criterion of the valid unique crypto value in an advertising crypto wallet in the case of the transmission of any crypto value from the advertising crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or the transmission of a valid unique crypto value from the advertising crypto wallet to the device according to the invention, the criterion is added that this transmission should in each case be made from a valid wallet address.

[0149] This is therefore a combination of the two previous embodiments. If one compares this situation again with an admission ticket, the admission ticket would be personalized. This would typically be the case with an airline ticket, for example, where only the person listed on the ticket is authorized to fly. In this embodiment, as with the ones mentioned above, in addition to the database of valid, unique crypto assets, a database of valid wallet addresses is also maintained. Thus, preferably when a valid, unique crypto asset is purchased from an issuing entity, which can also be the device according to the invention, a corresponding entry of a corresponding identifier is effected in a database of valid, unique crypto assets by transferring it to a crypto wallet, and thus the wallet address of the purchasing crypto wallet is also entered in a database of valid wallet addresses.

[0150] In one variant (of this embodiment), the (advertising) crypto wallet that requests access to an object or the acquisition of a good exchanges any crypto value with an inventive device of the system using a blockchain in the inventive manner. After the wallet address of the crypto wallet that exchanged the crypto value with the device has been determined according to the invention, as already described, a separate device, which can preferably carry out a suitable analysis of data in or from entries in the blockchain, determines (detects) whether there is at least one unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) in the advertising crypto wallet. If this is the case, the device of the system or a specific module of the device, from this or, if applicable, from the plurality of unique crypto value(s), determines the unique identifier orIdentification (TokenID) is determined. The device or a corresponding module thereof according to the invention then determines whether the identifier or identification of the unique crypto value (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet (TokenID) can be found in the database of valid unique crypto values. If this is the case (TokenID = LicenseID), i.e., if the identifier or identification of the unique crypto value (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet is in the database of valid unique crypto values, then one of two necessary criteria for accessing the object or for obtaining the goods in question is considered to be met. Furthermore, the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet is compared with the entries in a database of valid wallet addresses.If the crypto wallet address is found in the database, the second of the two criteria for access to the object or for obtaining the goods in question is also considered met. If both criteria are met, the order in which both requirements are determined is irrelevant, access is granted or obtaining is enabled. The further process of implementing this approval proceeds as already described.

[0151] In a further variant of the embodiment, the advertising (access or purchase advertising) crypto wallet, i.e., the crypto wallet requesting access to an object or the purchase of a good, transmits a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) to the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention then determines the identifier or token ID of the unique crypto asset and compares it with the entries in the database of valid unique crypto assets.

[0152] If the identifier (TokenID) matches an entry in the database of valid, unique crypto assets, one of the two criteria for granting access to a (specific) object or for obtaining a (specific) good is considered fulfilled. Furthermore, the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet is determined and compared with the entries in a database of valid wallet addresses. If the wallet address of the crypto wallet is found in the database, the second of the two criteria for access to the object or for obtaining the good in question is also considered fulfilled. If both criteria are met, the order in which both requirements are determined is irrelevant, access is granted or the acquisition is enabled. The further process and options then correspond to those already described for the case where the criterion is met.

[0153] In a further variant of various embodiments, the advertising party, i.e. the party requesting access or a purchase, transmits an identifier intended to represent a unique crypto value to the device according to the invention not via the communication channel with which the crypto wallet requesting access or a purchase communicates with the device according to the invention, but via an independent, quasi-second communication channel. This can be done, for example, by manually entering a corresponding password (identifier) ​​at a terminal. The password can be arbitrary or part of the token ID of the unique crypto value. It can also be encrypted end-to-end. In any case, a corresponding database for identifying the password as a valid password must then also be available on the device according to the invention.

[0154] In addition to the primary identifying communication between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention through the exchange of crypto values, the access or subscription-promoting party additionally transmits information to the access or subscription system or the device according to the invention via a suitable interface. This information can, in principle, be of any type. For example, a character string of any length, biometric information, information from two-factor identification via an SMS, identifier, etc. It is important that the identifier via two-factor identification is not received on the same technical device on which the crypto wallet is running.

[0155] If the primary identification resulting from the communication between the crypto wallet and the access or sourcing system or the device according to the invention through the exchange of crypto assets was successful, it is ensured that the party controlling the crypto wallet is authorized to access or obtain the funds. Since this control generally only exists for the actual owner of the crypto wallet, provided they handle the private key carefully, it can also be assumed that this is also the party legitimately requesting access or obtaining the funds. By transmitting additional information directly from the party requesting access or obtaining the funds, the probability that the person controlling the wallet is the truly authorized party can be further increased.In addition to verifying access or purchase authorization by exchanging crypto assets between the crypto wallet and the access or purchase system according to the invention, it is checked whether this additional information, separately transmitted by the party advertising the purchase to the device according to the invention via a further communication channel, is stored in a further database according to the invention, which contains the corresponding valid identifiers. Preferably, this database does not directly contain the identifier (TokenID) of a (exchanged) unique crypto asset or the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet, but rather an identifier indirectly linked to it via a database.

[0156] If, for example, the advertising party forwards this identifier to the access or purchase system, a suitable device according to the invention checks whether this identifier is in the corresponding database of valid identifiers according to the invention, and if so, to which valid, unique cryptovalue or valid wallet address this identifier is linked, and whether these correspond to those (valid, unique cryptovalue or wallet address) that have proven access or purchase authorization through the exchange of a cryptovalue via communication between the advertising cryptowallet and the device according to the invention. The further release process, if all criteria are met, is as already described.

[0157] 4. Embodiment: Access to premises

[0158] In a further embodiment, the aim is to regulate physical access to one or more rooms using an access system according to the invention (Figs. 1, 2). This can be, for example, access to a house (e.g., residential building), an apartment, an office, a sensitive area (laboratory, safe, etc.), etc. Here, access can be regulated either fully automated or only semi-automated. However, the embodiment is generally exemplary in its representation, and the described components and functions are not restricted to this application, but are applicable to all applications.

[0159] In the semi-automated variant, access is physically granted by an authorized person based on authorization control using a device according to the invention. The authorized person has access to a device according to the invention or to a function of a device according to the invention, which is available, either stationary or mobile, at the access point.

[0160] For example, the device can be designed with an interface for communication, i.e. the exchange of information, for example in the form of an app on a mobile phone (cell phone, smartphone, or other electronic "handheld device") or a functionally equivalent stationary version, which enables the exchange (transmission) of relevant information with the advertising cryptowallet, which is important for the transaction, i.e. for the exchange of a signal (e.g. crypto value) for the purpose of requesting access between the access-advertising cryptowallet and the device according to the invention and the determination of the access authorization with the aid of a blockchain.

[0161] The device according to the invention preferably makes this information available by means of a suitable interface (e.g. screen, Bluetooth, digital line, etc.) in suitable coding (e.g. QR code), for example on a screen, for reception by the device that executes the crypto wallet, or physically represents it in such a way that it can be transmitted via a suitable interface of this device (e.g. camera, Bluetooth, digital line, etc.) to the crypto wallet or the device on which the crypto wallet is executed. In addition, the device requires a connection to a blockchain network, preferably via an internet connection, in order to be able to exchange a signal (cryptovalue) with a crypto wallet that advertises access or subscription. Functionally, a signal in the form of a cryptovalue is thus exchanged or transmitted between the crypto wallet that advertises access and the device according to the invention.The crypto wallet transmits a crypto value to the device according to the invention. Functionally, information can also be transmitted directly or indirectly via the wallet address or the identifier (token ID) of a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT). However, the data or information exchange can also take place in the opposite direction.

[0162] From a technical perspective, control over the "transmitted" crypto value (signal) is transferred from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or vice versa, and the data relating to this transaction is stored via an entry in the blockchain. The device according to the invention then determines (generates) from data in or from entries in the blockchain (database), for example with the aid of a suitable module (sub-device) according to the invention, which allows access to the corresponding entries in the blockchain, the data relevant for determining access authorization, the data relevant for the access authorization decision, such as the wallet address of a crypto wallet (in particular the crypto wallet advertising access).the person involved in the transaction) or the identification (identifier, TokenID) of a unique crypto asset (NFT) (in particular, the TokenID of the unique crypto asset (NFT) located in the crypto wallet requesting access). If access is granted to the crypto wallet requesting access (or to the person who has this crypto wallet) by the access system according to the invention, a corresponding indication is provided by the device according to the invention (e.g., a green light (LED) illuminates). The authorized person can then physically grant the person requesting access and open the door.

[0163] In the fully automated variant, the device additionally comprises a device (sub-device according to the invention, module) that technically authorizes access to the premises and thus automatically physically opens the access-restricting door, without the need for an authorized person to do so. This can be achieved, for example, by the device according to the invention or the associated interface for communication or the exchange of transaction-relevant information (data) between a crypto wallet and a device according to the invention preferably being stationary rather than mobile. The crypto wallet is usually physically organized via a mobile device (e.g., smartphone).

[0164] It is conceivable that a corresponding interface for communication between the device according to the invention and a crypto wallet advertising access is installed in the door, on or in the wall next to the door, or near the door blocking access. This is preferably achieved by installing a screen, preferably protected from direct physical interference by shatterproof glass or similar materials transparent to visible light. However, if the communication runs in the opposite direction, it can be a camera.

[0165] If an access requestor requests access to the premises locked by the door, the screen (camera) can be activated to display (read in) the communication data as soon as this requestor approaches the interface, for example with the help of a motion detector or an infrared detector. Preferably, the device according to the invention again makes this information available via a suitable interface (e.g., screen, Bluetooth, digital line, etc.) in suitable coding (e.g., QR code), for example, on a screen for reception by the device that executes or physically represents the crypto wallet, so that it can be transmitted to the crypto wallet via a suitable interface of this device (e.g., camera, Bluetooth, digital line, etc.).

[0166] It is also conceivable that the display of the coded information could be actively triggered by the access requester not by an infrared detector, but by operating a switch, push button, or similar device. After establishing access authorization, an effector is then activated, instead of or in addition to a display (e.g., green light, acoustic signal, etc.), which transmits a suitable signal to a preferably electromechanical device, which then activates an electromechanical mechanism that opens the door lock or mechanically moves the door, thus allowing access to the premises.

[0167] In principle, the exchange of information via the interface can take place using any technical form of communication. Possible examples include signals via visible light (QR code) or light of a different wavelength (e.g., infrared, microwave, etc.), via coupling to electrical cables or fiber optics, etc. In a special variant, the cryptowallet can also be part of the device according to the invention, and the exchange of information can also take place via a very special, particularly secure connection between the cryptowallet and the device with which the information (signal, crypto value) is exchanged.

[0168] It is also conceivable to implement access hierarchies, i.e., to establish different access authorizations. For example, access to different premises can be granted with the same license, or certain licenses and their access authorization can be restricted to specific premises.

[0169] Different licenses can be represented by different unique crypto assets (NFTs) or by different wallet addresses. Different access to premises can be regulated, for example, by an entry in a database of valid unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses, which either exists for each access (door) or, if a database of valid unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses exists for managing an ensemble of multiple accesses, is additionally linked to one or more entries in a database that manages the corresponding doors (accesses).

[0170] If, after exchanging a signal (cryptovalue), the device according to the invention finds a unique cryptovalue (NFT) with a specific identification code (TokenID), e.g., 4711, in the cryptowallet requesting access, the device according to the invention checks whether this identification code can be found in the database of valid unique cryptovalues ​​for this access (door). In this way, each access has its own database of valid unique cryptovalues ​​or, in the case where the wallet address represents the license, its own database of valid wallet addresses. If this is the case, access can be granted.

[0171] If the access authorization is determined by checking an entry in a database of valid, unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses, which applies to a set of multiple access points (doors), the device according to the invention checks which doors (access points) the identification code in the database of valid access points is linked to. If the door or a suitable code for the door for which access is requested is found in an entry in the database of valid access points that is linked to the entry of the identification code (TokenID) in the database of valid, unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses, access is granted for the corresponding door. If it is possible for each door to have its own database of valid, unique crypto assets orIf a database of valid wallet addresses is created and each door exists as an independent entity within the meaning of the invention, the identification code (TokenID, LicenseID) must be located in each database of valid unique crypto values ​​which is assigned to a door (access) to which the advertising crypto wallet has the right of access.

[0172] In this way, corresponding access hierarchies can be created. For example, if a specific NFT, whose identifier (TokenID) is linked to each door (access) or is located in the databases of multiple doors, can represent a kind of master key that grants universal access to a facility consisting of several rooms locked by doors. At the same time, it can be used to restrict access to only specific rooms.

[0173] 5. Access to cars from a specific car fleet (car sharing):

[0174] Similar to the regulation of access to premises, in a specific embodiment, access to cars or the use of cars of a specific car fleet, for example for a car sharing model, can also be regulated according to the invention. It is conceivable that in or on the cars of this fleet, for which authorization to use is granted to users or access applicants, an interface for exchanging information in preparation for a transaction, as already described, is installed. The activation of the transmitting device (e.g. display of a QR code, screen, etc.) or receiving device (e.g. camera) of the device according to the invention for exchanging information via the interface in preparation for the transaction can take place in various ways. It is conceivable that in principle any signal, such as an acoustic, optical, mechanical, electrical or electromechanical signal, directly or indirectly (e.g.via an app) to the interface or device according to the invention. For example, a screen for displaying a QR code can be attached behind the windshield of the car. This QR code displays certain data required for the transaction and can be read accordingly by a crypto wallet or a suitable device connected thereto. This display can be activated, for example, in the manner described above. After this information has been exchanged via the interface, a crypto value, preferably in the form of a certain amount of cryptocurrency, can be exchanged between a requesting crypto wallet and the device according to the invention during the transaction. The crypto wallet preferably transfers a certain amount of cryptocurrency to a device according to the invention.Then, in the inventive manner already described, it is determined whether authorization for access to or use of the car exists. This again requires a corresponding registration process according to the invention, in which the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet is entered into the database of valid wallet addresses or the token ID (or a correspondingly derived identifier) ​​is entered into the database of valid, unique crypto assets.

[0175] In the event that the license (authorization) is in the form of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT), the acquisition of this unique crypto asset can already be carried out as a purchase of the basic authorization (the NFT), for example by transferring a certain amount of cryptocurrency from the crypto wallet to the device (e.g. V1, S1, etc.) in return for the transfer of the unique crypto asset to the crypto wallet. With this license in the crypto wallet, the party requesting access can request and, if necessary, obtain access to and use of the car via a corresponding transaction (transmission of a signal in the form of a certain amount of cryptocurrency as an access fee). It is conceivable that at the end of the journey, the driver or authorized person completes the process with a further transaction and receives the information provided by the car or device.a suitable device according to the invention assigned to the car, by transferring a corresponding additional amount from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention. This can be done, for example, after getting out and closing the doors using the same interface as at the beginning of the journey.

[0176] 6. Embodiment: Reference system with commission valuation:

[0177] In a further embodiment, brokerage commissions for the purchase of goods can be automatically recorded, assigned, calculated, or instructed by an access or procurement system according to the invention (Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). The seller of a product or good is represented by a procurement system according to the invention. This generates a unique cryptovalue (e.g., NFT) with an identifier (TokenID) via a suitable device V1. The unique cryptovalue is transferred directly or indirectly (e.g., via a platform where the cryptovalue can be acquired for money, for example) to the cryptowallet (broker) K authorized to receive a commission payment, and the TokenID is entered into the database of valid unique cryptovalues ​​during a registration process (registration). The TokenID is then a LicenseID, which represents the corresponding authorization for a commission payment.If an intermediary now brokers a product (good) to a customer, he or she transmits to the customer, directly or indirectly, an order code that preferably corresponds to the TokenID or uniquely encodes it in some way and represents the unique crypto value that is located in the intermediary's crypto wallet K.

[0178] If the customer KG orders a product from the seller via the device V2 according to the invention, specifying the order code, for example by entering it into a corresponding mask in an online shop, because, for example, they receive a discount for the purchase by specifying the order code, a corresponding device of V2 of the reference system according to the invention determines, with the aid of an inventive database of valid, unique crypto assets, whether the transmitted order code is actually a license ID, i.e., a valid NFT. If this is the case, the device V2 according to the invention can determine the current wallet address of the crypto wallet in which the unique crypto asset (NFT) is located at the time of the purchase transaction by accessing data in or from entries in a blockchain and appropriately analyzing the data.In a special variant of the embodiment, the commission is then transferred to this crypto wallet, preferably in the form of a cryptocurrency, preferably automatically. However, the transfer of the commission to the agent or the associated crypto wallet K can also be carried out in a completely conventional manner, provided the necessary data is available in the reference system according to the invention.

[0179] However, since a license can be transferred from the license holder (cryptowallet n) to another cryptowallet (cryptowallet n+1), another variant of the embodiment provides that, upon registration of the purchaser (agent, cryptowallet K), the wallet address of that cryptowallet is also recorded in a database and preferably linked therein to the TokenID that had the unique cryptovalue (e.g., NFT) at the time of registration. If a customer now purchases a product, specifying the corresponding order code, and a suitable device of the reference system according to the invention determines that the current wallet address, which has the unique cryptovalue (NFT) and is determined with the aid of data in or from entries in the blockchain, does not match the registered wallet address in the corresponding database of the reference system, various decision options exist.

[0180] On the one hand, the commission can be transferred to the registered crypto wallet (or to it via the conventional method if the relevant data (name, bank account) is known) or to the current one. In any case, it is necessary to manage a dynamic database, also with the help of the blockchain, through the inventive reference system in order to be able to determine which crypto wallet has had a specific unique crypto asset (NFT) as a license in the past and which currently has it, and whether it is even registered in the reference system.

[0181] In one variant, a license L is created which establishes rights to a good in the real world. This license is then represented as a blockchain, e.g. as a token, which has its own, preferably unique, electronic (e.g. alphanumeric) identification, the license ID (e.g. Token ID, TokenID) (LID). For example, this can happen with an Ethereum-based blockchain, e.g. in the form of a non-fungible token (NFT). However, it can be any other basis. For example, a token is created (mined) to which a license is assigned or which represents a license. In the case of an NFT, a specific license, e.g. License No. 4711 (LID), which differs in its content (rights) or its value or through another property such asThe number of brokered sales of an asset, the value of a real estate or land share, or a real estate or land can be distinguished from other licenses, is assigned to a specific NFT, e.g., NFT No. 4711 (LID). Generally speaking, a TokenID (token identification) of an NFT is uniquely assigned an LID according to TokenID = f(LID) (TokenID is a function of LID). These do not have to be identical, but are uniquely assigned (function definition). Therefore, unless otherwise stated, TokenID, LicenseID, TID, and LID are used synonymously in this document.

[0182] The textual content of the license, which describes how and under which conditions the license establishes a right to a real-world asset, may be attached to the token as text, if applicable, or may be made available somewhere on the internet for public viewing or for viewing only by the token holder. Throughout this document, the terms license, token, unique crypto asset, unique crypto asset, or NFT, which may represent the license, are used synonymously unless otherwise stated.

[0183] The reference system according to the invention technically maps or technically executes the following processes and procedures using corresponding devices or modules (technical processes): The license Lm (the m-th license) is generated (mined) directly or indirectly by the issuer (seller) V1 of the license, which is correspondingly represented as a crypto asset. For the sake of clarity, Lm is also generally referred to as L in the following. The license is then stored (filed) in a suitable electronic (digital) storage S, preferably in the blockchain. Throughout this document, the terms electronic and digital are used synonymously unless otherwise stated. Ideally, the storage S (preferably a crypto wallet) also enables the transfer of the license to another storage device with the aid of the blockchain, e.g., to a suitable crypto wallet, under certain conditions.To store the license in S, V1 can indirectly use an electronic device (EDP) or an electronically supported process with corresponding process steps or software (P).

[0184] For example, P can be an electronic platform (EDP) for generating, storing, and trading NFTs (trading platform) using the blockchain. For example, V1 preferably mints an NFT on P and offers it for sale on P to a potential buyer K1. For the sake of clarity, the designations K1 and K2 are also used in this document for the first and second owners Km1 and Km2 of the license Lm, and simply L for Lm when describing a general idea. However, K1 preferably refers to Km1, K2 preferably to Km2, Ki preferably to Kmi (in general), and L preferably to Lm. Therefore, depending on the context, Ki can describe the wallet containing the i-th license or the wallet of the i-th owner with a specific license. This follows from the logical context. However, Ki preferably describes the i-th wallet containing a license, unless otherwise stated.K is also generally used for any wallet. The NFT with the corresponding TokenID then naturally represents the license L, or Lm. If the buyer acquires the license Lm with the crypto wallet K1 (Km1), this is done by transferring Lm from V1, S, or P to the crypto wallet of K1, i.e., the crypto wallet Km1. Preferably, a sum of money in the form of a crypto currency is also transferred from the crypto wallet K1 to the crypto wallet or device according to the invention V1. Preferably, the right to the good, which is established by L and exercised by the owner of L, namely K1, includes the right to arrange the purchase of a good from the seller of the good V2 by a (potential) buyer KG and to receive a commission from the seller V2 for this purpose. In this document, the owner of the license is equated (synonymous) with the crypto wallet in which the license is located.The cryptowallet is the technical representation of the ownership of the license. In order for KG to process the legal transaction (purchase of the good) through K1, i.e., to purchase (acquire) the good at least under certain conditions, KG requires an order code C that uniquely identifies K1 as the intermediary or owner of L. K1 therefore transmits the order code C directly or indirectly to KG, preferably electronically. KGp is ​​the pth buyer of a good involved in the process or the pth cryptowallet involved in this process. The order code can, for example, be K1's cryptowallet address or that of the cryptowallet in which L is currently located, or the token ID of license L (License ID), or any other coding suitable for unambiguously identifying K1 as the intermediary of the legal transaction between KG and V2.Indirectly means, for example, that K1 has saved the code C somewhere on the Internet in such a way that KG can transmit it directly or indirectly to V2 for his purchase of the goods from V2. In addition to C, KG preferably also transmits the following data to V2 to process the purchase of the goods: name and delivery address, possibly the quantity and type of goods he wishes to purchase, and ideally an email address or other electronic communication address via which an order or purchase confirmation can be sent. The transmission of data to V2 is preferably carried out electronically, e.g. via the Internet. This preferably occurs when the data is transferred from KG to V2 via a suitable (electronic) mask in a web shop over the Internet.In this context, a monetary amount G, representing the purchase price of the good that KG is purchasing from V2, can be transferred, for example, in the form of a cryptocurrency, from the crypto wallet KG to the crypto wallet V2. To do this, V2 can transmit the address of the crypto wallet V2 to KG. V2 provides KG with the address of the crypto wallet V2, preferably as a code (e.g., a QR code) on V2's website or the associated webshop.

[0185] Furthermore, a partial amount TG is then transferred from G in the form of a cryptocurrency as a commission for K1 mediating the sale of the goods from V2 to KG. However, TG can also be transferred to any conventional bank account or comparable institution in fiat money or other money. The transfer of this partial amount TG from G to K1's crypto wallet preferably takes place from V2's crypto wallet. However, TG can also be transferred to any conventional bank account or comparable institution in fiat money or other money. After these processes have been successfully completed, an electronic order for the shipment of the goods is sent to the shipping logistics company, whose technical implementation can be part of the inventive reference system.

[0186] K1 can also transfer L to another crypto wallet, e.g. K2. K2 thereby assumes all rights to the asset which are established by L and which could previously be exercised by K1. In particular, K2 thereby preferably completely replaces K1 in relation to KG, V1 and V2. In a special embodiment, however, the transfer of TG to Ki can be technically implemented in such a way that at least a part of TG continues to be transferred to at least one of the previous owners of L, i.e. to at least one other wallet Kj with j < i in which L was previously located. However, since KG, depending on the embodiment, is not aware of the transfer of L between K1 and K2, it will continue to transmit the order code C known to it, which it received from K1, to V2 for subsequent purchases of the asset.Since V2 initially continues to assign the order code C to the address of the crypto wallet K1, without knowledge of the transfer of L from K1 to K2, V2 would continue to transfer TG to K1, even though K2 is now the legal successor of K1 and all TG belong to him. To prevent this, either K1 or K2 must inform V2 about the transfer of L from K1 to K2. However, the problem then arises that V2 must verify whether this information is actually correct, i.e., whether L is actually only in wallet K2. This is then carried out (determined) in V2 by a module (EDP) which, before a transfer of TG from V2 can be carried out, determines which wallet L is actually in by accessing the blockchain (database) with a suitable inventive module (device).

[0187] In a variant of the embodiment, the order code C will be assigned to the crypto wallet K in which L is located (Fig. 9, 10). If Lm has already changed hands n-1 times, i.e., has been transferred n-1 times from one wallet to another, Lm is now located in wallet Kmn. However, each wallet Km in which Lm has once been located (which had control over Lm in the blockchain) is assigned a unique order code C (Cm1 to Cmn). The simplest way to do this is to use the order code C in this case is to represent the address of wallet K containing license L. Then, V2 only needs to transfer the amount TG directly to C, since C = K. However, if a customer KG is not informed about the transfer of Lm from one wallet to another, they will continue to use the order code they know, for example, Cm2, which is assigned to wallet Km2, even though the current order code would be Cmn, and TG would have to be transferred to Kmn.V2 also cannot rely on Km1 through Kmn informing V1 of the transfer of Lm from one wallet to another. To prevent TG from being mistakenly transferred to Km2, a module is provided that uses the blockchain to determine unequivocally which wallet Lm is currently located in and to which wallet (Kmn) TG must be transferred as commission.

[0188] If KG now transmits the order code C (e.g., Cm2) to V2, the currently associated crypto wallet (wallet address of the crypto wallet) K (e.g., Km2) must first be found (Km2 = Kx = f(C). Ideally, C (e.g., Cm2) directly represents the wallet address K (e.g., Km2), in which case Km2 = Cm2. Now it must be clarified whether L is still in K, i.e., whether Lm is still stored in the wallet Kx (e.g., Km2), or has been transferred to another wallet. For this purpose, a "Kx History" database must be available, which contains the history of (any) suitable wallet that can store the licenses, i.e., this type of token or its unique identifier (TokenID), with regard to the licenses L (e.g., token or NFT) that have been received and sent therein, and which allows V2 to access these and read out (determine) whether a license, or a specific license (e.g. Lm) is or was in one of the wallets Kx or in a specific wallet (e.g. Kx or Km2).This is preferably done with a device according to the invention which carries out this at least partially with the aid of an “external” database or memory, namely the blockchain.

[0189] If L (e.g., Lm) is located in Kx (e.g., Km2), then TG is transferred from V2 to Kx (e.g., Km2). If L (e.g., Lm) is no longer located in Kx (e.g., Km2), the question arises whether any license was ever located in Kx (e.g., Km2) at all? If this is not the case, then a nonexistent order code C was transferred from KG to V2. However, if this was the case, i.e., if a license L was once located in Kx, but was later transferred, for example, to Ky, and therefore no longer contains a license in Kx, this license must be identified, i.e., the license ID or token ID must be read by a device according to the invention in V2 from the K history database "Kx history" (e.g., "Km2 history").

[0190] This is preferably done with a device according to the invention, which carries out this at least partially with the aid of a suitable database or storage, namely the blockchain. In order to determine in which wallet L (e.g., Lm) is currently located, i.e., to which wallet TG is to be transferred from V2, an L-history database "Lm-History" must be available, which contains the history of those wallets in which the license L (e.g., Lm) has ever been located. This is preferably done with a device according to the invention, which carries out this at least partially with the aid of an "external" database or storage, namely the blockchain. V2 must read from a corresponding database (blockchain) in which wallet L (e.g., Lm) is currently located, i.e., Kz (e.g., Kmn). V2 then transfers TG to Kz (e.g., Kmn). Now, it is still necessary to distinguish the case where multiple licenses L are located in a wallet K.In this case, even if K transfers one of his licenses from wallet K to another wallet, he will still receive the TGs assigned to his wallet K via C.

[0191] It can be seen that assigning the order code C to the wallet K that currently contains the license L is relatively complicated. Therefore, in another variant of the implementation, it would be easier to assign the order code C not to the wallet containing the license L, but to the license L (Fig. 11):

[0192] In a further variant of the embodiment, the order code C is assigned to the license L by a device according to the invention, in which, according to L = f(C) or C = f(L), L is a unique function of C, or vice versa. The simplest way to do this would be to use, for example, the TokenID as the order code C, i.e., C = LicenseID or TokenID or C = f(TokenID) or C = f(LicenseID). In order to determine in which wallet K L (e.g., Lm) is currently located, i.e., to which wallet TG from V2 is to be transferred, an "L-History" database must be available, which contains the history of all wallets in which the license L (e.g., Lm) has ever been located. This is preferably done with a device according to the invention, which carries out this at least partially with the aid of an "external" database or storage, namely the blockchain. V2 must read from the database which wallet L (e.g., Lm) is currently located in, i.e., Kz (e.g., Kmn).V2 now transfers TG to Kz (e.g., Kmn). Finally, the valuation of the license L must be performed during the transfer to another crypto wallet. This depends on how many purchases of the asset were made from V2 to KG by the previous owners of the license L (e.g., Lm). This depends on how much TG was transferred from V2 to the crypto wallet in which a specific license (e.g., Lm) was previously held. With the transfer of L from Ki to Kj, a customer base is also actually transferred, namely those customers who regularly purchase or order the asset using the code (e.g., TokenID) assigned to the license directly (C(L)=f(L)) or indirectly via the wallet (C(L)=f(L=f(K)).

[0193] It is common practice for self-employed sales representatives to receive a certain percentage of the sales they generated from the company they previously worked for upon leaving their position. Their successor typically takes over the customer base (old customers) of the departing sales representative, but is not required to pay a transfer fee for taking over the customer base of their predecessor.

[0194] A potential buyer who wants to acquire the license Lm from Kmn, i.e., transfer it from Kmn to the potentially future Km,n+1, needs a valuation to determine the value of Lm—e.g., how much potential commission payments he can expect based on Kmn's activities with Lm. The previously discussed "K-History" and "L-History" databases, even though based on the blockchain, are not particularly helpful in this regard (Fig. 12), since, especially when a wallet K contains multiple licenses L, it is unclear which licenses the "TG from V2" came into K through.

[0195] It is therefore proposed, preferably in the device according to the invention in V2, to provide an L-TG history database in order to be able to evaluate a license L. This database contains all TG transfers from V2 to all Ki-wallets (e.g., Kij) in which the license Li has ever been located. Kij is then the j-th cryptowallet in which the i-th license is or has been located. This data (transfers from TG to Ki-wallets) is then read by V2 and preferably made available transparently to all parties or to those interested in purchasing the i-th license.

[0196] In another embodiment, the data from the L-TG history can also be made available only selectively to certain elements of the system. It is clear that KG and TG are the general representation of the (probably many) buyers of the good (e.g., KGr) and the (probably many) transfers (e.g., TGs). The same applies to the transfers G (e.g., Gs). The use of the K-history databases and the L-history databases according to Fig. 12 only offers the potential Km,n+1 the possibility of estimating whether the L-TG history database may be correct (verification). The L-TG history database is an element of a license evaluation module as part of the reference system according to the invention and is preferably implemented via access by this evaluation module to the blockchain.

[0197] Ideally, the K-history databases, the L-history databases and the L-TG history databases are electronic databases that are dynamically organized and automatically updated at any time or at certain intervals (e.g. periodically) and are at least partially organized in the blockchain.

[0198] An allocation module assigns the order code C transmitted by KG to V2 to the wallet K in which the license L, which establishes the right to mediate the sale of the goods from V2 to KG, is located and to which an amount TG is transferred from V2.

[0199] A valuation module determines the current value of the license L. This is done by calculating the sum of the funds TG transferred by V2 to all wallets K in which the license L has been located (at a given point in time). This value can also be determined selectively by the valuation module for a specific wallet in which the license L was previously located or is currently located.

[0200] The technical device for carrying out the processes (method steps) according to the invention enables or has, directly or indirectly, at least one electronic connection between two of the components V1, S, P, K (e.g. Kij), KG, V2 and / or between two of the components K with each other (e.g. Kij with Kim, where i is not equal to I and / or j is not equal to m). Kij means the j-th crypto wallet in which the i-th license is or was located. For M existing licenses, i is less than or equal to M and for N crypto wallets in which the license was located, j is less than or equal to N. A direct connection means that the information is transmitted directly from one end of the connection to the other end of the connection. An indirect connection means that the information initially remains temporarily or permanently in a buffer between the sender and receiver of the information before it finally reaches the receiver.

[0201] The good that can be obtained via the reference system according to the invention can be arbitrary, e.g. a drink that is produced by a producer and sold for a certain amount G. The producer has an electronic infrastructure (device, EDP) V2 with or and a crypto wallet via which payments can be made using a crypto currency to holders of a NET (K) (crypto wallet K in which the license (NFT) is located) and received by customers KG (wallet KG), an electronic device via which a potential buyer of the good with its electronic infrastructure KG can enter data for ordering orPurchase of the goods can be transferred to V2 and an electronic device (EDP) with which V2 can identify, analyze, or document NFT transfers to or from a specific crypto wallet (K-History Database) and / or with which V2 can identify, analyze, or document in which crypto wallet a specific NFT is currently located or in which crypto wallets a specific NFT has been located in the past (L-History Database) and / or which transfers have been made from TG to the wallets K in which L has been located in the past and in which L is currently located (L-TG Database). This electronic infrastructure (EDP) also transmits the address of the crypto wallet V2 to KG and the order code, preferably in the form of the TokenID of the NFT of the intermediary K, from KG to V2. V2 and V1 can be identical, i.e., only one device or logical unit.

[0202] At least two of the following steps are performed by devices according to the invention of a reference system according to the invention. They do not necessarily need to be performed in a specific order:

[0203] - a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT), preferably with a specific and unique TokenID, is generated (mined) by the seller, V1, S or P

[0204] - a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) is stored, preferably in a device S, P, V1 or seller according to the invention

[0205] - a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) is transferred by S, P, V1 or seller to a crypto wallet K

[0206] - an amount in cryptocurrency is transferred from the cryptowallet K to V1, whereby V1 has preferably previously provided K, directly or indirectly, with the address of the cryptowallet V1

[0207] - K has an order code C which preferably corresponds to or is uniquely linked to the TokenID of the NFT located in the crypto wallet K

[0208] - K provides KG with the order code C by presenting it, preferably electronically, accessible to KG on the Internet and / or transmitting it to him directly by electronic means - KG transmits the order code C to the device V2 according to the invention, preferably alongside other data such as name, address, email, telephone number, address of the crypto wallet (wallet address) KG

[0209] - V2 provides KG with the address of a crypto wallet of V2

[0210] - an amount G is transferred from the cryptowallet KG to a cryptowallet of V2

[0211] - V2 identifies (determines) the wallet address of the crypto wallet K to which the order code C belongs. This is preferably done by V2 determining in which crypto wallet K the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the TokenID corresponding to the order code C is located (identification module)

[0212] - a partial amount TG of G is transferred from a cryptowallet of the device V2 according to the invention to the cryptowallet K, in which the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the TokenID, which forms the order code C, is located

[0213] V2 then transfers order and contract data from KG to a logistics infrastructure (e.g. effector) for shipping the goods to KG.

[0214] In addition, the following procedural steps can be described:

[0215] - the device according to the invention, seller or V2, determines all transfers of TGs to all cryptowallets K in which the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the TokenID corresponding to the order code C has ever been located (evaluation module)

[0216] - V2 or seller sums up all KG's which have the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the TokenID which corresponds to the order code C to

[0217] - V2 or Seller makes the amount of the accumulated KGs or all transfers of TGs to all cryptowallets K in which the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the specific TokenID has ever been located, generally or only for certain third parties, preferably via the Internet, or transfers this information directly to a specific third party

[0218] - a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) with the specific TokenID is transferred from one cryptowallet K (Ki) to another cryptowallet K (Kj)

[0219] - an amount of money in a cryptocurrency is transferred from one cryptowallet K (Kj) to another cryptowallet K (Ki)

[0220] When L is transferred (e.g., as an NFT with a specific token ID) from Ki to Kj, the previous buyers KG are automatically "passed on" as well. The identification module (EDP), which uniquely assigns the order code C transmitted by KG to V2 (e.g., as a token ID) to the crypto wallet K in which the license L (e.g., as an NFT with a specific token ID) is located, ensures that TG is actually transferred to the correct crypto wallet K.

[0221] The commission for the sale would now continue to flow to K1, even though L's rights, which include, for example, receiving commissions for the sale of the goods, now lie with K2. It is therefore important that when L is transferred from K1 to K2, a message is sent from one of the two (K1 or K2) to V2 to assign the order code C1, which was previously assigned to K1, to K2. K2 is therefore assigned two order codes: his own and that of his predecessor K1. Let's assume the general case that there is a certain number M of licenses, where for a certain license, for example m less than or equal to M, there are already n-1 previous owners, then the license Lm has already been transferred n-1 times from one crypto wallet to another, so that it is now in the crypto wallet Kmn.

[0222] The order code C can be implemented in various ways. First, it can be assigned to the crypto wallet currently containing the license Lm. Ideally, the order code is then implemented as the address of the crypto wallet. When an order code C is transferred from KG to V2, the control system (identification module) must then decide whether this order code is still valid, i.e., whether a license, e.g., Lm, is located in the wallet assigned to the order code. If this is the case, the partial amount TG is transferred to the wallet Kmn after the legal transaction between KG and V2 has been completed.

[0223] However, if there is no license in the wallet to which the order code is assigned, then V2's identification module requires a suitable list, preferably in the form of a (dynamic) database, or access to the previous activities of the wallet assigned to the order code, in order to determine which license was in this wallet in the past. The module preferably performs this by accessing corresponding data in the blockchain (database). If the license Lm was in the wallet assigned to the order code transmitted by KG to V2 in the past, it must now be checked in which wallet Lm is currently stored. To do this, V2's identification module requires a device (method) that makes it possible to determine in which wallets Lm was previously stored and / or in which wallet Lm is currently stored.This is preferably done with a dynamic list (database) that regularly determines the current wallets in which the M issued licenses are located.

[0224] In another implementation variant, the order code C is not assigned to a wallet containing a license, but to a (unique) crypto value that can be located in a corresponding crypto wallet. Ideally, the license's token ID (NFT) is used for the order code C. Compared to the previous implementation variant, this has the advantage that there are only a maximum of M order codes, which are easier to manage, especially if licenses are frequently transferred from one wallet to another. Then, only a dynamic list of the current wallet address needs to be maintained, and the order code verification is only necessary for the current wallet and not for the wallets in which the license was previously located (identification module).

[0225] This is preferably done via appropriate access (data analysis) to data in or from entries in the blockchain by the corresponding module.

[0226] Wallet, crypto wallet, and crypto wallet are used synonymously. Depending on the context, the Ks are also referred to as "third parties."

[0227] The price (preferably in crypto currency) paid for the L license may be staggered over time.

[0228] An NFT can be mined by V1 using a device provided by a provider or operator of an electronic platform P for generating or trading corresponding tokens (NFT).

[0229] Real-world goods can be any mobile or immobile goods, commodities, or objects, as well as rights or obligations related to the real world. In contrast, virtual-world goods are objects or representations, e.g., for characters in online games, that exist only in virtual space and therefore only indirectly, i.e., only in electronic or digital form. An example of a real-world object is a beverage that a person can actually drink, or a car that they can actually physically drive in the real world, or a picture that they can actually hang on a wall. An example of a virtual-world object is an image that exists only in the form of bits and bytes and is stored electronically only as a digital "pattern." While it can be viewed on a screen, it cannot actually be hung on a real wall.

[0230] The crypto wallet K1 is defined as a crypto wallet assigned to K1, etc.

[0231] To ensure that the good G received from KG is also genuine, an identification mechanism can be introduced. Ownership of the good itself is defined via a blockchain (e.g., NFT). For this purpose, the customer KG acquires the representation of the good as a blockchain (e.g., NFT) in addition to the good G. A unique code linked to the token must preferably be attached to the good G. Ideally, this is the token ID. This allows for the databases described above to clearly assign ownership of the good. Ownership of the good can be proven by the presence of the NFT, for example, in the seller's wallet. If the good were not in the seller's possession upon a sale of the good, this would be immediately apparent. Ideally, the seller of the good transfers the NFT assigned to the good directly or indirectly to the buyer KG in exchange for transferring the purchase price from the wallet KG to the seller's wallet (V2).Since the wallet in which the NFT is located can always be identified in the database, ownership can always be clearly proven.

[0232] In a particular embodiment, at least two of the following steps apply: A license L that establishes rights to a good G is represented in a blockchain. A license L represented in a blockchain is stored on a suitable electronic storage S, preferably an electronic trading platform P, for possible transfer.

[0233] A license L represented as a blockchain is transferred from a suitable electronic storage to a suitable crypto wallet K.

[0234] K has an order code C and makes it available to a buyer KG of the goods G, preferably electronically. KG transmits the order code to V2

[0235] An amount G is transferred from the crypto wallet KG to the crypto wallet V2

[0236] A partial amount TG of G is transferred from the crypto wallet V2 to the crypto wallet K, in which the license L is located

[0237] All transfers of TGs from V2 to all crypto wallets K in which the license L has ever been located are linked in a database with the corresponding license L (token ID).

[0238] All transfers of TGs to all crypto wallets K in which the license L has ever been located will be made generally accessible on the Internet or only accessible to specific Internet users, or this information will be transferred directly to a specific Internet user.

[0239] The license L can be transferred from one crypto wallet Ki to another crypto wallet Kj.

[0240] A sum of money in a cryptocurrency is transferred from one crypto wallet K (Kj) to another crypto wallet K (Ki).

[0241] The license establishes the right to trade the asset or to broker the asset. The blockchain representing the license is implemented as a non-fungible token (NFT). The electronic trading platform P is designed to enable trading, i.e., the purchase and sale of NFTs. The NFT is transferred from the trading platform P (storage) to the crypto wallet K in exchange for a certain amount of cryptocurrency, preferably into the crypto wallet V1.

[0242] The license agreement is linked to the NFT that represents it in such a way that its content is readable as text with the aid of suitable electronic tools, at least for the owner of the crypto wallet in which the NFT is stored.

[0243] V1 and V2 can be identical.

[0244] The asset to which the license establishes a right represents a mobile or immobile object in the real world.

[0245] The license may also only establish a right to part of the property.

[0246] An amount of cryptocurrency is transferred directly or indirectly from wallet K to wallet V1.

[0247] Electronic and digital are used synonymously throughout this document. Digital is a subset of electronic. Electronic can be analog electronic or digital electronic. If electronic refers to analog electronic anywhere, this will be specifically noted.

[0248] Throughout this document, the terms wallet and cryptowallet are used synonymously, and "cryptowallet" or "wallet of x" is used synonymously with "cryptowallet x" or "wallet x." Wallet address x is used synonymously with wallet x unless otherwise stated.

[0249] The current owner of a license is the person whose wallet contains the license. The current, i.e., nth owner of the mth license Kmn is to be equated throughout this document with the electronic systems assigned to him (e.g., device, process steps, and software), which represent him in the digital world of the method disclosed here. Therefore, Kmn also means wallet or crypto-wallet or owner of Kmn. If only the characterizing symbol, e.g., K, or this symbol only with an index, e.g., Ki, is used, it is considered a general representation, e.g., of Kmn.

[0250] In this disclosure, the terms system and module are understood to mean a preferably electronic device or electronic data processing system (EDP) or an electronic or electronically supported method with the aid of which certain steps of the subject method can be carried out.

[0251] Any element of a particular embodiment or a particular exemplary embodiment or a variant thereof can be combined with any element of another embodiment or another exemplary embodiment or a variant thereof to form a new embodiment or a new exemplary embodiment. Electronic device, system, module, etc. preferably means an electronic data processing system (EDP).

[0252] Each wallet is represented by a public and a private key, whereby the wallet address is derived from the public key and allows access to the wallet only with the help of the private key.

[0253] The phrase "with the help of the blockchain" is synonymous with "using the blockchain." Unless otherwise stated, databases are understood to mean, at least in part, the blockchain or at least an extracted representation of data (in or from entries) in the blockchain. This means that the databases mentioned in this disclosure are at least partially represented by the blockchain. Access to these databases, for example, is realized via the blockchain with extraction of the data (information) used by suitable inventive devices of the access or reference system.

[0254] The technical execution of the described processes (process steps) in the reference system according to the invention is carried out using suitable devices, including the blockchain.

[0255] 7. Universal access system:

[0256] For example, if an access or subscription applicant requires access to various objects that do not share a common logistical or organizational basis, they would require a corresponding access or subscription authorization from each of these issuing entities in the form of their own (separate) license, e.g., through a different NFT in the (one) access or subscription-promoting crypto wallet. This would mean one NFT for access 1, for example, a bank safe deposit box (issued by the bank's access system) and one NFT for the entrance door to an apartment (issued by a lock manufacturer). The access system then only queries whether the correct license (e.g., NFT) justifying access is in the advertising crypto wallet. However, a device according to the invention is also conceivable in which only one issuing entity with only one license for all cases is in the advertising crypto wallet that requests access.

[0257] Overall, a device according to the invention can create a universal access system in which an issuing body provides a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) as a license for access and orders, which can be transferred to the advertising crypto wallet. If there is an access restriction for an object or a purchase restriction for a good for an unauthorized group, the access or purchase authorization can be granted by entering the valid wallet addresses or the valid unique crypto values ​​or the valid identifiers in a database according to the invention (user group). This also applies to access authorizations to other objects or purchase authorizations for other goods. The access or purchase system orThe devices according to the invention are extended to the technical system for managing access to the additional object or the acquisition of the additional good with the license previously granted for another object or good. The same applies if, instead of or in addition to the unique crypto value, a wallet address or a unique identifier, or a combination of these, forms the license. The license (unique crypto value or wallet address) can then be used as a universal key for granting access to a wide variety of objects or acquisitions of various goods.

[0258] In addition, a unique password can be assigned to the access or subscription applicant.

[0259] In all embodiments in which the license for the right to access an object or to obtain a good is represented by a unique crypto value, preferably a token (e.g., NFT), this unique crypto value must first be created by or in a device, the entity or device granting this right (V, V1, S1, S, P, seller, device 1, device, etc.). In the case of NFTs, for example, in an Ethereum-based network or one derived from such a network, this creation process is referred to as "minting." This creation (transaction) can take place with a suitable device of the system or with the aid of external structures using a blockchain, such as a corresponding, suitable platform (software, application). The license (token) is then stored in the form of a token in a blockchain orrepresented by an entry about a transaction in the blockchain. In order to qualify a crypto wallet for exercising a corresponding access or subscription right, it is intended to transfer the unique crypto asset to this crypto wallet, i.e., to transfer control over this unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) to the crypto wallet to be qualified for the exercise of the right. This crypto wallet is then fundamentally ready to exercise the function as an advertising (access or subscription advertising) crypto wallet, but may require further qualification for this, depending on any additional criteria that are established for granting this function. In general, the token becomes a license when it is entered into the database of valid unique crypto assets of an inventive device of the access and subscription system, preferably after a suitable registration process.The device according to the invention, as designed for enabling access, can also be used in an identical manner for actively blocking access. A separate description of such an embodiment is therefore not necessary, as it follows logically from the description of the invention in this document.

[0260] A device according to the invention can access the blockchain or data in or from entries in the blockchain in order to read out data such as the wallet address of a crypto wallet that has a unique crypto value or is involved in a transaction (transfer of a crypto value, etc.), or whether and when a crypto wallet (with a specific wallet address) has or still has a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT), or which unique crypto value or which unique crypto values ​​a crypto wallet (with a specific wallet address) has ever had, or which identification code (TokenID, TID) of a unique crypto value that a (specific) crypto wallet may have, etc., or to generate this data for possible processing by a device according to the invention (data processing, EDP).Accessing the blockchain preferably means accessing data (directly or indirectly) from (via) entries (at least one entry) or data in or from entries in a blockchain network, for example with the aid of an internet connection, or reading this data if necessary or processing it in accordance with the invention.

[0261] The phrase "a cryptowallet requests access or acquisition" practically means that a party requests access or acquisition directly or indirectly with the help of the cryptowallet, which is the tool that holds the key (license) for accessing or obtaining, or for transferring, a crypto asset. The cryptowallet can be an element in the technical implementation of the access or acquisition system. A part of the device according to the invention (e.g., the device for exchanging a crypto asset) can be designed as a cryptowallet.

[0262] The terms identifier, identification code, identification, information code, information, TokenID, and LicenseID can be used synonymously depending on the context. TokenID can be abbreviated to TID, and LicenseID can be abbreviated to LID.

[0263] The wallet address of a crypto wallet K is preferably referred to as WA. Here, WA(K) indicates the wallet address of K. However, depending on the context, K can also stand for the wallet address of K. The components (elements) with which the crypto wallet communicates, such as S, P, V1, V2, V3, device 1, device 2, device, control, control device, G, S1, S3, seller, can be identical or mutually interchangeable in their terms (identical) and are referred to differently depending on the embodiment. In a particular embodiment, V2 and V1 (e.g. Fig. 7, 8) can be identical (e.g. Fig. 6) or V1, V2, V3 can be mutually identical. S2 and K can also be identical.

[0264] The term "NFT" in the figures is synonymous with the more general phrase "unique crypto-asset" or "unique crypto-asset" and does not represent a fundamental restriction to an NFT as a special form of a unique crypto-asset. This phrase was chosen solely for the sake of simplicity of illustration.

[0265] The terms "control," "control device," "device," or "device according to the invention" can be used, depending on the context, for the entire access or reference system according to the invention or only a part thereof as a device according to the invention. In other words, the terms "device," "device according to the invention," "control," "control device," and "access or reference system" can be used synonymously, depending on the context. Control or control device refer, in a context-specific manner, to a device according to the invention.

[0266] A sequence of process steps of a process according to the invention, without taking into account particular embodiments, can be represented, for example, as follows (e.g.

[0267] Fig. 2):

[0268] - Creation of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT).

[0269] - Storage of the unique crypto value.

[0270] - Transfer of the unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) from the storage to a crypto wallet (1)-

[0271] - Exchange of a cryptovalue (signal) between the cryptowallet and a device (2) according to the invention. Preferably, the cryptowallet transmits a signal to the device. The signal can also be transmitted in the opposite direction. The exchanged signal can also be the unique cryptovalue contained in the cryptowallet.

[0272] - Determine whether the unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) represents a license to access an object or to obtain a good. - If the unique crypto asset represents a license to access an object or to obtain a good, access or acquisition is granted (4).

[0273] - When access or reference is granted, an effector is activated which technically implements the access or reference (5).

[0274] - The effector realizes the access or reference (6).

[0275] - Access or reference has an impact in the real world (7).

[0276] Various embodiments and application examples are listed by way of example. However, many more embodiments and application examples according to the invention are conceivable. In many cases, different embodiments and variants thereof contain partly identical or similar elements (components or method steps). In order to avoid repeatedly describing each of these often identical elements in detail for each embodiment and thus listing an extremely large number of embodiments that logically arise anyway through suitable combination of corresponding elements of embodiments, it is stated here that all elements of all embodiments and variants thereof can be combined with all elements of all other embodiments and variants thereof to form further valid embodiments according to the invention.

[0277] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0278] V1, V2, V3, S, S1, S3, P ... Elements of the device according to the invention

[0279] K, S2 ... Crypto wallet

[0280] TID, TokenID, LID, LicenseID ... Identification code of a unique crypto asset NFT ... Non-Fungible Token

[0281] L ... License for access or acquisition according to the invention

[0282] 1 ... Transfer of a unique crypto value from a device according to the invention to a crypto wallet

[0283] 2 ... Transfer of a signal in the form of a crypto value from a crypto wallet to a device according to the invention (transaction)

[0284] 3 ... Transfer of the task of determining important transaction parameters such as the wallet address of a crypto wallet involved in a transaction or an identification code of a unique crypto asset and determining the existence of a specific access or subscription right

[0285] 4 ... Notification of the release or non-release of access or purchase

[0286] 5 ... Approval or non-approval of access or withdrawal for the crypto wallet involved 6 ... Technical implementation of the approval of access or withdrawal

[0287] 7 ... Effect of releasing access or sourcing in the real world

[0288] C ... Order code that is uniquely linked to a unique crypto value or its identification code

[0289] DB ... database

[0290] WA ... wallet address of a crypto wallet

[0291] KG ... buyer of a good

[0292] TG ... Part of the purchase price for a good as commission for the brokerage

[0293] On ... device for determining the current crypto wallet in which a license is located

[0294] G ... amount a buyer pays for a good

[0295] P ... Platform

[0296] S ... memory

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1 . Access or reference system for regulating access to a place or object or technical system, or the acquisition of a good or a service, or the execution of a technical process in general, the access or reference system having at least one device (V1, V2, V3) for data exchange and a database (DB), characterized in that the device is designed so that - that it can access data in or from entries in a blockchain, - that it can execute transactions using this blockchain or data derived therefrom by exchanging a signal in the form of a crypto asset with a crypto wallet (K, S2) advertising access, subscription or execution, - that it can determine the wallet address (WA) of a crypto wallet (K, S2) involved in such a transaction, - that it can determine whether the crypto wallet (K, S2) with the wallet address (WA) thus determined has at least one unique crypto value whose identification code can be found in the database (DB) whose entries correspond to identification codes of unique crypto values, whereby these unique crypto values ​​registered via this database represent a license for the exercise of a right of access, purchase or execution by the crypto wallet (K, S2) advertising access, purchase or execution, provided that it has a unique crypto value registered in the database (DB), and - that, if the licence is available, it may arrange for access to a place or object or technical system, or the supply of a good or service, or the performance of a technical process.

2. Access or reference system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (V1, V2, V3) is suitable for generating a unique crypto value using a blockchain and for transferring this directly or indirectly to a crypto wallet (K, S2).

3. Access or subscription system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (V1, V2, V3) has an effector which, if the device determines that a crypto wallet (K, S2) advertising access, subscription or execution has a license for the exercise of the access, subscription or execution right in the form of a unique crypto value, enables the exercise of an access, subscription or execution right by means of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, optical, acoustic, thermal or digital displays, processes or devices can be implemented technically.

4. Access or reference system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (V1, V2, V3) is designed such that a crypto value can be transferred from the device to a crypto wallet (K, S2) if the device determines that this crypto wallet has a unique crypto value whose identification code has been previously transmitted to the device via a suitable interface.

5. Access or reference system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device (V1, V2, V3) is connected to at least one blockchain or a blockchain network via an Internet connection.

6. Access or reference system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device (V1, V2, V3) is designed such that unique crypto values ​​are exchanged with crypto wallets (K, S2) via a different blockchain network, preferably via a "proof of work" blockchain network, than non-unique crypto values.

7. Computer-implemented method for operating an access or reference system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that - that the device (V1, V2, V3) accesses data in or from entries in a blockchain and executes transactions using this blockchain or data derived therefrom by exchanging a signal in the form of a crypto value with a crypto wallet (K, S2) advertising access, purchase or execution, - that the device determines the wallet address (WA) of a crypto wallet involved in such a transaction, and - that the device (V1, V2, V3) determines whether the cryptowallet (K, S2) with the wallet address (WA) thus determined has at least one unique cryptovalue whose identification code can be found in the database (DB), the entries of which correspond to identification codes of unique cryptovalues, whereby these unique cryptovalues ​​registered in the database represent a license for the exercise of a right of access or purchase or execution by the cryptowallet (K, S2) advertising access, purchase or execution, provided that it has a unique cryptovalue registered in the database, and - that, where the licence is in place, access to a place or object or technical system, or the purchase of a good or service, or the Execution of a technical process is granted.

8. Computer program product comprising instructions for instructing an access or reference system according to one of claims 1 to 6, which has at least one device (V1, V2, V3) for data exchange and a database (DB), to carry out all the method steps according to claim 7.

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