Process for manufacturing a radiation protection device for visualizing interaction with ionizing radiation

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a radiation protection device intended to visualize the interaction with ionizing radiation, characterized in that the process consists in mixing a mass fraction between 0.04 and 0.5 of scintillating material emitting in the visible spectrum for excitations by energy radiation greater than 1 Kev, in powder form of a lanthanide, gadolinium or erbium oxysulfide, with a binder consisting of a resin, a gel, a gelatin or silicone.

Description

DESCRIPTION Title: Method for producing a radiation protection device for visualizing interaction with ionizing radiation Field of invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of prevention against risks arising from exposure to ionizing radiation with wavelengths less than 10' 8 m and energies ranging from 1 KeV to more than 300 MeV, and particularly X-rays and gamma rays.

[0002] It is important to clearly distinguish between the radiations which cause the ionization of the atom, in particular, for living organisms, the atoms H, C, N, O, which concern the present invention, and the field of non-ionizing radiations (UV, visible, IR, millimeter waves, microwaves, radio waves, static magnetic fields) whose energy quanta are insufficient to ionize the atom, and which therefore do not fall within the field of the invention because they do not concern the use of high-energy radiation sources, do not present the same risks for living organisms, and do not produce the same effects when interacting with matter, in particular with organic matter.

[0003] Ionizing radiation is very useful in medicine and industry. For example, medical radiography uses the ability of X-rays to penetrate the human body to image bone structure or the vascular network or to destroy tumor cells by applying high, precisely localized doses. In the industrial field, ionizing radiation is used to destroy microorganisms, fungi, bacteria and viruses, sterilize equipment or food, treat or analyze materials, or visualize defects in metallurgical parts or welds.

[0004] However, notwithstanding these beneficial effects, ionizing radiation contributes to the ionization of molecules present in living organisms and can produce more or less harmful effects on health in the event of excessive exposure. Researchers have been able to observe the damage and disruptions caused by ionizing radiation on DNA. They also analyze the repair mechanisms that a cell is capable of putting into play when its DNA has been damaged.

[0005] Strong irradiation by ionizing radiation causes immediate effects on living organisms, such as more or less severe burns. The absorbed dose (in grays) is used to characterize these immediate effects, following strong irradiation (accidental or therapeutic to treat cancer). For example, radiotherapists use the absorbed dose to quantify the energy delivered to the tumors they treat by irradiation.

[0006] Exposure to higher or lower doses of ionizing radiation can have long-term effects in the form of cancer and leukemia.

[0007] The potential effect of radiation is quantified by a unit called the Sievert (symbol Sv). This represents the absorption of radiation by the human body and the associated effects. For example, the natural radioactivity to which an average French person is subjected is 3 mSv (3 millisievert) per year. For a worker, there is a notion of legal exposure limit which amounts to 20 mSv of estimated effective dose per year, while the lethal dose 50% (LD50) is the dose actually absorbed by the entire body (therefore a global exposure), for which the probability of dying sixty days after exposure, without medical treatment, is 50%. This dose is equal to 4.5 Grays (Gy), or 4500 mSv if the individual has been exposed to X-rays. It is therefore essential to be able to measure or monitor the exposure of personnel who work with ionizing radiation.Measuring devices (Geiger counters) or dosimeters are already used to detect radiation and measure the doses received.

[0008] This is why people working in environments using ionizing radiation are subject to drastic radiation protection rules, requiring them to move as far away as possible from the radiation source, the use of personal or fixed screens, and the reduction of radiation exposure as much as possible. Operators who may be subjected to ionizing radiation during their activity (nuclear industries, medical imaging, operating theater, radiotherapy) wear dosimeters, gloves, belts, rings that measure the amount of radiation to which they have been subjected. These devices can be active (real time) or passive (accumulation over a period), the second having a legal character in the face of the labor code (principle of limitation).

[0009] These devices make it possible to ensure that the person has not received a dose higher than the tolerated standard or to measure its location and importance.

[0010] Dosimeters are, however, expensive equipment, and often provide information only after the fact, not allowing the operator to immediately become aware of accidental exposure to ionizing radiation that no human sense can directly perceive. State of the art

[0011] Known in the prior art is patent application US2012106716 describing a method for determining the alignment of a light field and an X-ray field of an X-ray apparatus, comprising directing the light field onto an exposure area, positioning a scale and an X-ray indicating element in association with each other on the exposure area in such a way that said scale and said X-ray indicating element intersect an edge of the light field. This X-ray indicating element is designed to emit light upon exposure to X-rays in such a way that the parts exposed to the X-rays can be distinguished from the parts not exposed. The method then comprises determining a position on the scale where the edge of the light field is positioned, and directing the X-ray field onto the exposure area.The described method comprises the steps of generating an image of the scale and the X-ray indicating element when the X-ray indicating element emits light due to exposure of said X-ray field using a digital camera, determining a position on the scale where an edge of the X-ray field is positioned by analyzing said image, and comparing the scale positions of the edges of the light and X-ray fields.

[0012] Also known in the prior art is patent application KR20030064425A which relates to a composition for a fluorescent panel having photoluminescent and fluorescent properties, high brightness and a method for producing a fluorescent composite panel.

[0013] This patent application concerns a very different technical field, which is that of fluorescent screens formed by a layer having photoluminescent and fluorescent properties associated with an LED or an excitation source.

[0014] The second paragraph of this document states that it "relates to a high-brightness fluorescent panel composition comprising a phosphorescent phosphor and a fluorescent phosphor, its manufacturing method and its use, and in particular, to a light-emitting layer of a predetermined thickness comprising a phosphor and an auxiliary additive only on the surface of the fluorescent panel." It relates to the manufacturing of advertising panels, traffic signs, internal and external equipment, etc. and in no way to the prevention of risks related to exposure to ionizing radiation.

[0015] Patent application US2006118701 provides an apparatus for detecting electromagnetic energy of a plurality of wavelengths, comprising: - a ruler comprising a plurality of radiopaque markings; - a visible light electromagnetic energy sensor mounted on the ruler; and - an X-ray electromagnetic energy sensor mounted on the ruler.

[0016] Patent application DE3332075 proposes a device for recording the radiation exposure of persons working under radiation comprising a strip of material which can be bent at will along its length and on which the dosimeter rests at least approximately in the center, the strip of material and the dosimeter being surrounded by a tube of retractable, rubber-like material, which is at least partially retracted in a sealed manner onto the strip of material on either side of the dosimeter. Disadvantages of the prior art

[0017] The prior art solutions are not satisfactory because their complexity of manufacture and use does not allow them to be used as routine equipment immediately and intuitively alerting the operator in a context subject to ionizing radiation. Solution provided by the invention

[0018] In its most general sense, the invention relates to a method for producing a radiation protection device having the characteristics stated by claim 1 as well as materials and devices made from this method.

[0019] It consists of preparing a homogeneous mixture of a plastic material, and in particular a resin and at least one scintillating material in powder form, then adding a hardener, mixing homogeneously and then pouring the mixture thus prepared into a mold to form a homogeneous part. Advantageously: - the resin is an epoxy type resin - the scintillator material is of the strontium aluminate type - the scintillator material is of the terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide type (Gd2O2S: Tb) - it includes an additional step of including a radiopaque comb-shaped structure in the mold - said radiopaque structure is cut from a metal sheet - said radiopaque structure is produced by additive printing from a ceramic, from a copper-doped thermoplastic polymer or from a material with a density different from that of the resin / scintillator mixture or by printing a thickness different from the edge of the object or from the void left during 3D printing - the structure is made up of a resin part mixed with at least one scintillating material in powder form.

[0020] The invention also relates to a radiation protection device for visualizing the interaction with the aforementioned ionizing radiation, characterized in that it has the shape of a ruler, and contains an inclusion of a comb-shaped radiopaque structure.

[0021] Advantageously, it includes equipment for capturing the area of ​​interaction between ionizing radiation and said rule, and in that it includes an opaque cover to protect the shooting field from ambient lighting.

[0022] In another variant, the scintillator is mixed with gelatin about one centimeter thick, or with silicone, to make a "cover" (non-disposable) to be placed over an anthropomorphic phantom to study the scatter in interventional radiology. Such a variant is particularly useful to radiation protection consultants for carrying out workstation studies.

[0023] Recording a map of the scatter coming out of the surface can be done using a high-sensitivity phone or camera, in long exposure, in the darkness of the RI room, during scopy and digital graphy shots, according to the most frequent incidences. Image processing must include image processing using a color filter set to the frequency of light emitted by the scintillator. The addition of the scintillating fiber at a given point makes it possible to have an absolute value of the dose rate to give the gradients of the surface map quantitative values. Detailed description of a non-limiting example of embodiment

[0024] The present invention will be better understood on reading the following description, concerning a non-limiting example of embodiment illustrated by the appended drawings where: [FIG. 1] Figure 1 represents a schematic view of an installation for photographic recording. [FIG. 2] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a device for inserting a measuring fiber [FIG. 3] Figure 3 represents a schematic view of a setup for measuring the size of the field with rules in accordance with the invention. Reminder of the aims of the invention

[0025] The invention aims to provide a solution for managing risks related to ionizing radiation, by facilitating the identification of the presence of radiation, quantifying the size of the radiation field(s) and delimiting the areas. Indeed, exposure to ionizing radiation can be dangerous for health and lead in certain cases to the appearance of harmful effects more or less quickly depending on the type of exposure (i.e. deterministic effects in the form of tissue reactions such as radiological burns; or stochastic effects in the form of cancers or genetic abnormalities). However, since ionizing radiation, in particular X-rays or gamma rays, is not visible to the naked eye, it is impossible to perceive it and reveal an exposed area without a detection tool. General principles of the invention

[0026] The general principle of the invention relates to a doped material having a mass fraction of between 0.04 and 0.8 of scintillators emitting in the visible spectrum for excitations by radiation with energy greater than 1 Kev, in powder form of a Lanthanide, Gadolinium or Erbium oxysulfide with a thermosetting binder or a resin to form a device for visualizing the interaction with high energy ionizing radiation, X or Gamma, observable by a human operator or by a photodetector.

[0027] Depending on the nature of the substrate, the doping rate varies slightly: from 0.05 to 0.25 for the scintillator in the resin 0.05 to 0.8 for the scintillator in the thermoplastic.

[0028] The scintillator concentration is preferably between 0.05 and 0.25 when the scintillator is mixed into resin. Beyond this concentration, there is no more visible scintillation. This is probably due to the fact that the scintillator tends to settle to the bottom of the mold since the resin is relatively liquid.

[0029] The scintillator concentration is preferably between 0.05 and 0.8 when the scintillator is mixed in a material for additive printing (PLA, ABS, PETG, others). The "host" material being much more viscous or even "pasty", the scintillator does not settle at the bottom but remains homogeneously mixed in the thermoplastic matrix.

[0030] The processes for mixing scintillator into thermoplastic can be varied... Some filament manufacturers mix the dopant directly into pellets and then proceed to extruding the filaments. Others first mix the dopant into pellets to saturation and then proceed to a second mixing in pellets in the right proportions to obtain the desired concentration before extruding the filament — data provided by filament manufacturers: Francofil and Lattice Service)

[0031] In the version where the matrix is ​​not resin but PLA, PETG, ABS or other polymers, the scintillation increases with the proportion of scintillator up to 80% these materials by mixing with pellets.

[0032] The aim of the invention is to prepare a material stable over time, with a dosage of scintillator in order to obtain sensitivity and light intensity optimal, minimizing the cost of dopants, and compatible with rapid and inexpensive device manufacturing processes. The devices can take different configurations depending on the context of use. They can consist of simple plates or sheets making it possible to make visible an unexpected exposure to high-energy radiation or a fault in a normally radio-opaque area such as a metallurgical element or a weld, or even of a strip with the integration of markers, in the form of radio-opaque inserts or on the contrary of recesses or radio-transparent inserts, or even of elongated bodies to determine the location of a mobile radiation source, or even of an assembly integrating a photodetector or an optical fiber, integrated in an opaque housing. Applications in the field of medical imaging

[0033] In the case of medical imaging and radiotherapy, the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for checking the sizes of the exposure fields, which is mandatory and must be carried out periodically and after each intervention on the collimation system (see regulatory decisions below). The purpose of these checks is to verify the correct operation of the machines and in particular the components responsible for the emission of radiation (X-ray tube, beam collimators, etc.).

[0034] The device of the invention makes it possible to control the field size to have an accurate dosimetric indicator and avoid exposing more than one thinks one has exposed. It also makes it possible to prevent the beam from overflowing from the sensor and exposing the personnel in the examination room. Another benefit is the detection of scattered radiation coming out of patients or other targets exposed / irradiated by X-rays, gammas, alphas, electrons, hadrons, etc. A situation encountered in curie therapy, interventional radiology, non-destructive testing, MD sheath leakage,

[0035] In radiotherapy, an inadequate field size can lead to poor treatment. The patient then risks overexposure of their organs at risk (healthy tissues surrounding the tumor), which can lead to significant side effects or, conversely, underexposure of the area to be treated and therefore potentially a loss of treatment effectiveness.

[0036] The present invention also relates to applications other than radiomedicine applications: it makes it possible to propose a system intended for the detection and / or delimitation of an ionizing radiation field (e.g. X-rays, gamma rays, electrons, hadrons, etc.) to make it visible to the naked eye, usable in all fields involving ionizing radiation (e.g. medical, industrial, nuclear, aerospace, etc.).

[0037] For this purpose, the device relates to a part formed by molding a resin, in particular an epoxy resin, gel, gelatins, silicones, etc. available in viscous form, associated with a hardener, to achieve the molding of a homogeneous part after incorporation into the resin of a scintillator in powder form. These scintillating compounds act as a fluorophore, that is to say a molecule which has the property of emitting scintillation (fluorescence and / or phosphorescence).

[0038] The resin is for example marketed under the trade names EPODEX PRO™ from the company EPODEX™ or equivalent resins marketed under the trade names RESIN PRO™ or ECOPOXY™.

[0039] For example, for a scintillator made of strontium aluminate powder, of formula SrAI2O4: Eu2+, Dy3 marketed for example by the company Arco Iris™. The quantity - by mass - of scintillator is approximately 10% to 25% maximum. The scintillator can also be made of terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S: Tb) in powder form.

[0040] This scintillator, generally used to emit fluorescence under UV exposure, surprisingly has good fluorescence efficiency when placed in ionizing radiation fields such as low (<100keV) and high energy (>MeV) X-rays and has the advantage of low cost.

[0041] The scintillator powder is intimately mixed with the resin, or with gels, gelatins or transparent silicones, avoiding the formation of bubbles or by de-bubbling, before adding the hardener and pouring the preparation into a mold having the desired shape (ruler formed by a parallelepiped block, ring, bracelet, etc.).

[0042] According to an alternative embodiment, the invention also relates to a system for measuring the field size of ionizing radiation used in the context of quality assurance of medical equipment emitting ionizing radiation,

[0043] The invention also relates to a system for measuring the extent of the scattered radiation field, mapping the exit surface of an exposed patient / object, by means of a gradient of fluorescence / scintillation intensities.

[0044] The invention also relates to the workstation studies of operators participating in radio-guided interventional practices (PIR). Interventional neuro-radiology, vascular, cardiology rooms, etc.

[0045] Among these checks, some consist of verifying the geometry of the beams and in particular the size of the irradiation field. In this specific case, since the radiation is not visible to the human eye, it is necessary to use equipment sensitive to the radiation in question and capable of reacting in such a way that the result of the reaction is visible.

[0046] In medical imaging, in addition to this control of the size of the field produced by the machine, there is also the control of the size of the imaged field. In this case, an analysis of the images produced is necessary.

[0047] For these applications, a radiopaque or conversely radiotransparent comb (i.e. of lower density than the mixture and advantageously less than 1) is included in the mixture before hardening, produced by cutting or stamping a metal sheet or by additive printing of a ceramic, or vacuum, or of different slice thickness, to form an indexing structure with a millimetric pitch for example.

[0048] In the case of application in interventional radiology, dosimetric monitoring must be implemented among health professionals exposed to radiation.

[0049] In the case of gammagraphy, an annual leak detection check is mandatory, zoning must be put in place each time the gammagraph is used and medical monitoring must be put in place for operators, or even applications such as visualizing the extent of the diffused field at the exit of an anthropomorphic phantom for the study of the position during PIRs. Variant of coupling to a photographic recording system

[0050] Figure 1 represents a schematic view (device, photo, webcam, other) allowing the result to be photographed. The device (11) according to the invention is placed in front of a lead screen (12) temporarily protecting a detector (13). The device can also be placed in front of a copper screen to protect the detector but also, on machines with automatic settings, to boost the irradiation parameters and to have a high dose which allows better visualization of the scintillation. A camera (14) takes an image of the whole to allow the measurement of the field covered by the ionizing radiation source (15) with a maximum Kerma flow rate. For this purpose, the device (11) is constituted by a ruler comprising an inclusion of radiopaque or radiotransparent comb with a millimeter pitch for example in order to have a metrological reference. The greater the quantity of scintillator in the mixture, the denser it will be. At high concentration it is therefore possible that the comb has a density less than or equal to 1 and allows the negative visualization of the graduations on the radio image)

[0051] The shooting system advantageously includes a cover allowing to be in the dark and a camera, video camera or other means of shooting and to improve the sensitivity.

[0052] This cover consists of an opaque envelope surrounding the entire shooting area to improve contrast with ambient lighting and improve sensitivity. This cover can be used as a support for the camera. Variant with a smartphone application

[0053] One variation involves the development of a dedicated smartphone and PC application. It allows you to edit photos by adjusting different parameters such as brightness, exposure, saturation, temperature, contrast, etc. Thus, on original photos where the scintillation is not visible, it is possible to adjust these different parameters to make the scintillation visible (the tools in the smartphone "camera" application also allow you to adjust these parameters and thus greatly improve the photos). It is then possible to take pictures of periods even if you are not in the dark.

[0054] In addition, the application allows you to annotate photos and make them proof of control (creation of files with photos, location, brand and model of machine, irradiation parameters, sizes of measured and imaged fields and indication of the result of conformity or not (conformity calculation carried out by the application).

[0055] Such a system allows to create proof of control, and technically speaking to improve the photos thus making it possible to take photos in a environment certainly dark but not totally dark (or in another claim) Variant with insert

[0056] Figure 2 represents another variant where the device according to the invention is formed by a parallelepiped block (21) having a longitudinal channel (22) for the introduction of an optical fiber making it possible to transmit light to a photosensitive detector. Variant of the design in the form of strips

[0057] According to this variant, the devices produced have the form of rulers (31, 32, 33, 34) measuring between 5 cm to 30.5 cm (4 rulers to be arranged in a cross) and 61 cm (two rulers to be arranged in a cross), as shown in Figure 3. They are centered on the edges of the light field as shown diagrammatically for the smallest of 5 cm. The 30.5 (61) cm rulers are arranged in a cross (rulers 4 (or 2)) and are advantageously centered on the field to be irradiated; they are then not centered on the edges.

[0058] In this variant, the rulers are smaller and their cost is therefore reduced. This measurement method allows for simple characterization of field sizes, especially when these are non-square or non-circular (hexagonal, orthogonal, etc.). The size of the light field is measured with a standard ruler, a plate or any other graduated support. The ruler(s) is / are centered on the edge(s) of the light field. The deviation between the light field and the X-ray field is directly evaluated. The graduations of the ruler are also radiopaque so that the deviation on the X-ray image can be read directly.When the field in which the rules (31 to 34) are placed is exposed to a light field and to a beam of ionizing radiation by a head (35), observation of the strips makes it possible to reveal the shift of the two fields which results in variations between the areas illuminated in white ambient light and the fluorescent areas of green color (or red, or orange, or green-yellow depending on the nature of the scintillator).

[0059] Good practices include setting the light field on the test object with desired dimensions and comparing it to the field measured on the screen and the radiation detector (ERLM or scintillating ruler), Other use cases

[0060] Other variants of the invention concern the application or integration of this optically active resin to form or coat gloves or other materials or fabrics used by health professionals or civilians. It is also possible to envisage the integration of scintillators in an optically active resin in the materials used for the production of dosimetry rings and bracelets or in surgical gloves. In this case, the compound is mixed with the plastic before molding. This optically active resin can also be applied in the form of paint or varnish. The purpose of this variant is to be able to alert the worker or civilian when he has the organ or a body area in the radiation field and thus move away from it if possible.

[0061] Gels, gelatins, silicones mixed with scintillator placed on the exposed body, allow mapping of the surface of the body, in particular to carry out studies of the position of personnel exposed to this diffused radiation, the source of which is the patient.

Claims

Claims 1) Method for producing a radiation protection device intended to visualize the interaction with ionizing radiation, characterized in that it consists of mixing a mass fraction of between 0.04 and 0.5 of scintillator material emitting in the visible spectrum for excitations by radiation with energy greater than 1 Kev, in powder form of a Lanthanide, Gadolinium or Erbium oxysulfide with a binder consisting of a resin, a gel, a gelatin or silicone. 2) Method for producing a radiation protection device intended to visualize the interaction with ionizing radiation, direct or diffused, according to claim 1 characterized in that said binder is constituted by a synthetic resin, and in that the concentration of the scintillator material is between 0.05 and 0.

25. 3) Method for producing a radiation protection device intended to visualize the interaction with ionizing radiation, direct or diffused, according to claim 1 characterized in that said binder consists of a material for additive printing, and in that the concentration of the scintillator material is between 0.04 and 0.

08. 4) Method for producing a radiation protection device intended to visualize the interaction with ionizing radiation, direct or diffused, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said scintillator material is of the gadolinium oxysulfide type doped with terbium (Gd2C>2S: Tb). 5) Method for producing a radiation protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said mixture is poured into a shell to form a doped blade / layer. 6) Method for producing a radiation protection device characterized in that said binder consists of a thermoplastic and in that said mixture is injected into a mold to form a radioluminescent blade / layer. 7) Method for producing a radiation protection device characterized in that said binder consists of a thermoplastic and in that said mixture is extruded to form a filament for additive printing, and in that said device is manufactured by additive printing. 8) Method for producing a radiation protection device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises an additional step of including a radiopaque or radiotransparent comb-shaped structure. 9) Method for producing a radiation protection device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said radiopaque or radiotransparent structure is cut from a metal sheet. 10) Method for producing a radiation protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that said radiopaque or radiotransparent structure is produced by additive printing from a ceramic. 11) Method for producing a radiation protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that said radiopaque or radiotransparent structure is produced by additive printing from a material with a density different from that of the scintillating mixture. 12) Radiation protection device characterized in that it has a main body made of a doped material consisting of a mixture of a mass fraction of between 0.04 and 0.5 of scintillators emitting in the visible spectrum for excitations by radiation with energy greater than 1 Kev, in powder form of an oxysulfide of Lanthanides, Gadolinium or Erbium with a binder, said main body comprising markers. 13) Radiation protection device according to claim 6 characterized in that said markers are constituted by the insert or the localized superposition of marks constituted by a radio-opaque material to radiation with energy greater than 1 Kev. 14) Radiation protection device according to claim 6 characterized in that said markers consist of hollowed-out local zones. 15) Radiation protection device according to claim 6 characterized in that said markers consist of local zones formed by a non-radiodoped binder. 16) Radiation protection device for visualizing interaction with ionizing radiation according to claim 10, characterized in that it has the shape of a ruler, and contains an inclusion of a radiopaque comb-shaped structure. 17) Radiation protection device for visualizing the interaction with ionizing radiation according to claim 10 characterized in that the radiodoped material is associated with a photodetector, the assembly being integrated into an opaque housing. )Radiation protection device equipped with a thick flexible graduated strip (gel, silicone, resin) allowing it to fit the surface of a curved object (anthropomorphic phantom) in order to obtain a map of light intensities reflecting the distribution of the scattered radiation leaving the object. A scintillating fiber placed at a point in the center of the strip allows the absolute values ​​of dose rate to be obtained in the said map. Devices useful for workstation studies because they allow the distribution of the source of scattered radiation exposing personnel in the examination room to be precisely evaluated.) Radiation protection device for visualizing the interaction with ionizing radiation according to claim 10 characterized in that the radiodoped material is associated with an optical fiber, the assembly being integrated in an opaque housing, said optical fiber being associated at its opposite end with a photodetector. ) Radiation protection device characterized in that said main body has an elongated cylindrical shape extended by an optical fiber associated with a photodetector and in that it further comprises an electronic circuit configured to determine the intensity of the light and determine the position of the source of ionizing radiation relative to said main body as a function of the attenuation model of the doped material constituting said main body.) Radiation protection device characterized in that said main body constitutes a coating of an optical fiber associated with a photodetector and in that it further comprises an electronic circuit configured to determine the intensity of the light and determine the position of the source of ionizing radiation relative to said optical fiber as a function of the attenuation model of the doped material constituting said optical fiber. ) Radiation protection device for visualizing the interaction with ionizing radiation according to the preceding claim characterized in that it further comprises equipment for taking pictures of the interaction zone between ionizing radiation and said rule, and in that it comprises an opaque cover to preserve the shooting field from ambient lighting. ) Radiation protection system for visualizing the interaction with ionizing radiation according to claim 10 characterized in that it further comprises a. application capable of being executed on connected computer equipment to acquire an image by imaging equipment of an interaction zone between ionizing radiation and said radiation protection device. )Filament for additive printing characterized in that it is made of a doped material consisting of a mixture of a mass fraction of between 0.04 and 0.5 of scintillators emitting in the visible spectrum for excitations by radiation with energy greater than 1 Kev, in powder form of an oxysulfide of Lanthanides, Gadolinium or Erbium with a thermoplastic.

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