Method, ceiling structure, construction system and building structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (V) for creating a building structure (50), the method (V) comprising the steps of: a) at least partially automatically creating a wall structure (1) having at least one external joining surface (2); and b) creating a reinforced support structure (3) adjoining the external joining surface (2) of the created wall structure (1) such that a matrix (4), comprising a construction material (B), of the reinforced support structure (3) is integrally formed on the external joining surface (2).

Description

[0001] Process, ceiling structure, construction system and building

[0002] FIELD OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0003] The invention relates to a method for constructing a building. The invention also relates to a ceiling structure for placement on a wall structure during or after the implementation of such a method. Furthermore, the invention relates to a construction system for implementing such a method. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building constructed at least partially using such a method.

[0004] TASK AND SOLUTION

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a building and a ceiling structure for placing on a wall structure during or after the implementation of such a method and a construction system for implementing such a method as well as a building constructed at least partially by means of such a method, which have improved properties.

[0006] This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims.

[0007] A method according to the invention is used to construct a structure. The structure can be a building or a building section for a building. The method comprises a step a), according to which an at least partially automatic construction of a wall structure with at least one external joining surface takes place. “At least partially automatic” can mean “at least partially automatic”. In particular, the wall structure according to step a) is constructed fully automatically, i.e. completely automatically. The method also comprises a step b), according to which a construction, in particular horizontally and / or vertically reinforced supporting structure adjacent to the external joining surface of the constructed wall structure takes place in such a way that a matrix of the reinforced supporting structure comprising building material is integrally formed on the external joining surface. In particular, the supporting structure according to step b) is constructed at least partially or fully automatically.The method can therefore be used for the at least partially or fully automated construction of the building. The at least partially automated construction of the wall structure advantageously requires a particularly low amount of manual work, which can result in cost advantages through savings in labor costs. Step b) is carried out in particular after step a). A support structure construction space for the reinforced support structure can therefore still be left out and / or free and / or empty during the construction of the wall structure, which can simplify the construction of the wall structure. This is because the left out and / or free and / or empty support structure construction space can promote and / or ensure the mobility and / or maneuverability of a mobile positioning device for the at least partially automated construction of the wall structure.

[0008] Traditionally, wall structures with corners, bends, and connections such as T-joints can be 3D printed continuously. However, the production of such corners and connections using automated methods, in particular 3D printing, can be associated with high labor, material, and / or time expenditures. Furthermore, it can be challenging to integrate a sufficient amount of reinforcement, particularly at corners and / or joints, when at least a semi-automated and / or layered manufacturing process is used. Manufacturing, particularly critical, support structures and / or joints in advance - i.e., before the wall structure is created - can also be challenging, particularly because machine movement for producing the wall structure may be restricted by pre-existing support structures and / or joints.Furthermore, a further challenge with regard to conventional at least partially automated construction approaches can be due to inaccuracies at the peripheries, i.e. at a beginning and / or at an end of the wall structure, wherein such inaccuracies often have to be corrected with additional process steps and the associated additional effort. The present invention can advantageously solve the aforementioned challenges in that the at least one wall structure is produced at least partially automatically and only then is the supporting structure produced, in particular with the aid of formwork elements. Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also enable monolithic production of at least part of a ceiling for the building and at least part of a support structure for the building, in particular in a single-stage casting.

[0009] The method according to the invention for constructing the structure can be referred to in short as “construction method”.

[0010] The term “configured” can be used synonymously with the term “trained”.

[0011] The terms "comprises" and "has" can be used synonymously with each other and with the term "has." "Control" in this context can mean "to steer" and / or "to regulate."

[0012] In this context, the term “create” can be understood as synonymous with the terms “manufacture” and / or “erect”.

[0013] "Integrally formed" and / or "integrally joined" and / or "materially bonded" can be understood synonymously in this context. A connection between the load-bearing structure and the wall structure resulting from integral forming does not necessarily have to be designed for load transfer, particularly because the load-bearing structure alone can assume the load-bearing function. The connection can therefore be weak in terms of its load-bearing capacity, especially compared to the strength of the reinforced load-bearing structure.

[0014] In practical terms, integral molding can enable a seamless connection.

[0015] The wall structure is expediently at least partially, in particular completely, unreinforced. The wall structure extends vertically and / or horizontally. The external joining surface can be a region of an outer surface of the wall structure. The external joining surface can be arranged at an edge of the wall structure.

[0016] For practical purposes, the wall structure may be essentially non-load-bearing, in particular, not permanently load-bearing. This may mean that after the construction of the building, the wall structure essentially has no permanent load-bearing function, in particular for roof and / or ceiling structures and / or for other storeys of the building. In particular, the wall structure is dimensionally stable and / or self-supporting and / or cured after its construction according to step a).

[0017] The building material can be concrete, in particular fresh concrete. The building material can be thixotropic and / or puncture-resistant. The building material can be dimensionally stable and / or rigid. The building material can be fast-curing. Additionally or alternatively, the building material can comprise or be mortar, cement, screed, loam, clay, cement-stabilized clay, geopolymer, and / or plaster. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the building material can have a grain size, in particular a maximum grain size, of at least 2 mm, in particular at least 8 mm, and / or at most 50 mm.

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, the wall structure is at least partially or completely 3D-printed during step a), in particular with or from building material. In particular, the wall structure is at least partially additively manufactured automatically during step a), in particular with or from building material. The not yet cured, i.e., in particular flowable, building material can be applied layer by layer to create the wall structure and then hardened. Multiple wall sections of the wall structure can be 3D-printed or automatically additively manufactured simultaneously or sequentially.

[0019] The building material for 3D printing the wall structure is expediently of the same type as the building material for the matrix of the supporting structure. "Similar" building materials can be assigned to a common building material type, for example, based on a common main component, but differ in terms of specific building material properties such as viscosity and / or thixotropy. Alternatively or additionally, the specific building material properties can relate to a yield point and / or strength of the building material, particularly when cured. The difference can alternatively or additionally lie in a material composition, for example, with regard to additives and / or admixtures, in particular with regard to a proportion of sand or gravel. Alternatively, the building materials for the wall structure and the matrix of the supporting structure can be the same, in particular identical.

[0020] It is conceivable that the wall structure according to step a) is at least partially prefabricated by automated means, in particular by additive manufacturing, and then brought into position before the reinforced supporting structure is created. Alternatively or additionally, the wall structure can be at least partially in the form of a drywall, glass wall, brick wall, clay wall, plaster wall, foam concrete wall and / or the like. In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one external joining surface borders on a, in particular the, supporting structure construction space for the reinforced supporting structure of the building. The created wall structure has at least two wall sections, in particular arranged horizontally at a distance from one another, with mutually facing external joining surfaces.The supporting structure construction space is partially limited by the mutually facing external joining surfaces, so that the wall sections with mutually facing external joining surfaces are connected to one another, in particular integrally, when constructing the reinforced supporting structure according to step b).

[0021] The supporting structure construction space expediently has a shape that corresponds to a negative of the shape of the reinforced supporting structure. Expediently, wall sections of the wall structure, particularly those arranged horizontally at a distance from one another, can extend at an angle to one another. The supporting structure construction space can at least partially correspond to a vertically extending corner recess between the two wall sections. A region of the reinforced supporting structure connecting the two wall sections can be a corner pillar section of the reinforced supporting structure.

[0022] The wall structure expediently comprises interior wall sections for the building and / or exterior wall sections for the building. Alternatively or additionally, the supporting structure may comprise areas that are located on the exterior of the building and / or that are located inside the building.

[0023] The wall structure can expediently have projections and / or form-fitting elements and / or reinforcement elements which protrude from the respective joining surface of the wall structure into the supporting structure construction space and which can thus be part of the reinforcement of the supporting structure.

[0024] After the construction of the supporting structure, reinforcement elements can be expediently projected outward from the structure, particularly from the supporting structure. Such outwardly projecting reinforcement elements can serve a possible future expansion of the structure.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, step b) comprises several sub-steps. According to a sub-step b1) of step b), a reinforcement device is arranged within the supporting structure construction space, to which the at least one external joining surface is adjacent. According to a further sub-step b2) of step b), a formwork device, in particular a prefabricated formwork device, is arranged, in particular manually, on the wall structure, so that the formwork device, together with the external joining surface, partially delimits the supporting structure construction space, in particular while leaving a filling opening for building material. The formwork device can in particular be removable and / or reusable. Preferably, the formwork device does not remain in or on the constructed structure.Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to insert or use permanent formwork equipment that is not removed after the structure has been constructed. Step b) further comprises a further step b3), according to which the support structure construction space is filled with building material for the matrix of the support structure, in particular by pouring, preferably by gravity casting. Since the wall structure has already been created before the formwork equipment is arranged, the formwork equipment can be arranged particularly easily and precisely. The reinforcement equipment can expediently comprise reinforcement elements, for example in the form of rods or cables. Such a reinforcement element can be made of metal, in particular steel.Alternatively or additionally, such a reinforcement element can comprise or consist of a fiber material, in particular based on carbon fibers and / or glass fibers and / or plastic fibers, in particular aramid fibers. A respective reinforcement element can have a coating that improves the bond between the building material and the reinforcement element. The coating can comprise an adhesion promoter material. The reinforcement elements can be in the form of 3D grids and / or short fibers, in particular with a length of 6 to 60 mm, and / or cables, in particular with a length of 2000 to 200,000 mm.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, when carrying out sub-step b2), the formwork device is detachably fastened, in particular screwed and / or anchored, to the wall structure and / or to a foundation for the building and / or to a ceiling structure for the building.

[0027] The formwork system advantageously comprises individually handled and detachably attachable formwork elements. Through holes and / or blind holes for screwing and / or anchoring the formwork system can be created during the construction of the wall structure according to step a) and / or during the construction of the foundation and / or during the construction of the ceiling structure, in particular by primary shaping and / or separating.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the invention, the method comprises a step ab), according to which a ceiling structure is arranged on the created wall structure. Step ab) can be performed before or after step b).

[0029] In a further embodiment of the invention, the ceiling structure has at least one through-opening, wherein the through-opening partially delimits the supporting structure installation space. In particular, if the ceiling structure has such a through-opening, step ab) is preferably performed before step b).

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention, the external joining surface borders the supporting structure construction space for the reinforced supporting structure of the building. Sub-step b3) is carried out chronologically after step ab). During the filling of the supporting structure construction space, building material is at least temporarily guided through the through-opening. In particular, the through-opening is filled with building material for the supporting structure. In a further embodiment of the invention, the ceiling structure is at least partially reinforced, in particular horizontally. In this way, a particularly load-bearing ceiling structure can be achieved.

[0031] In a further embodiment of the invention, the ceiling structure comprises a semi-finished part which has a base layer, in particular with building material. The ceiling structure also has a reinforcement device which is partially embedded in a base matrix of the base layer and which has exposed reinforcement areas. The external joining surface borders on the supporting structure construction space for the reinforced supporting structure of the building. The ceiling structure is arranged on the wall structure, in particular when carrying out step ab), in such a way that the supporting structure construction space is partially delimited by the base layer in such a way that the exposed reinforcement areas protrude into the supporting structure construction space. In particular, the ceiling structure with semi-finished part is arranged on the wall structure in such a way that the exposed reinforcement areas are directed upwards against a direction of gravity.

[0032] The ceiling structure with semi-finished parts can be called a “filigree ceiling”.

[0033] The reinforcement areas and the reinforcement device can be of the same or different types. The reinforcement device and the reinforcement device can be functionally similar or similar. It is conceivable that the reinforcement device and the reinforcement device are first fastened to one another before the matrix of the supporting structure is created, in particular cast. The reinforcement device and the reinforcement device can jointly reinforce the supporting structure. The reinforcement device of the ceiling structure can be horizontal reinforcement, in particular ceiling reinforcement. The reinforcement device of the supporting structure can be vertical reinforcement.

[0034] In a further embodiment of the invention, the ceiling structure has a circumferential collar area, particularly a reinforced one. The outer joining surface borders the supporting structure construction space for the reinforced supporting structure of the building. The collar area partially delimits the supporting structure construction space, particularly with the collar area defining a height of the supporting structure above ground level.

[0035] The collar region expediently runs completely, in particular in a closed manner. The collar region can have a horizontally extending upper edge that defines the height of the support structure. The base layer and the collar region can together delimit a trough-like region of the support structure construction space. After the support structure has been created according to step b), a ceiling section of the support structure can be present within this trough-like region. The through-opening can run at least partially, in particular horizontally, along the collar. The reinforcing device can bridge and / or protrude through the through-opening, in particular horizontally. The through-opening can run completely around the collar in the manner of an annular space, in particular on an inner side of the collar.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the support structure and / or the support structure installation space has a, in particular vertical, column section and / or a, in particular vertical, corner pillar section and / or a, in particular vertical, column section and / or a, in particular horizontal and / or inclined, beam section and / or a, in particular horizontal, ceiling section and / or a, in particular horizontal, ring beam section and / or a, in particular vertical, core section.

[0037] The ring beam section expediently extends horizontally over at least one, in particular four, enclosing walls formed by the wall structure and, together with other sections of the supporting structure, is monolithic. The other sections of the supporting structure can in particular be and / or comprise support sections and / or corner pillar sections and / or column sections and / or girder sections and / or ceiling sections and / or core sections. The ring beam section can alternatively or additionally bridge a wall opening, such as for a window and / or a door opening, and thus provide structural stability for said wall opening.

[0038] The core section can be a load-bearing structure located within a space of the building formed by two or more walls. The core section can provide additional support and / or bracing for a horizontal ceiling or floor structure of the building. The core section can be cast monolithically with the ceiling or floor structure.

[0039] A ceiling structure according to the invention is used for placement on a wall structure during or after carrying out a method according to the invention as described above. The ceiling structure comprises a semi-finished part which has at least one through-opening for partially defining the support structure construction space. The semi-finished part also has a base layer, in particular with hardened building material. Furthermore, the semi-finished part has a reinforcement device which is partially embedded in a base matrix, in particular of building material, of the base layer and which has exposed reinforcement areas. In particular, the ceiling structure, in particular its semi-finished part, has a circumferential collar area for partially defining the support structure construction space. The circumferential collar area can be reinforced.In particular, a through-opening of the semi-finished component extends horizontally, at least partially or completely, along the collar area. In particular, the semi-finished component can be constructed so lightly that it can be temporarily supported by a wall structure, especially one that is not permanently load-bearing—in particular by the wall structure constructed according to the method—especially until the reinforced load-bearing structure for permanent support is constructed.

[0040] A construction system according to the invention serves to carry out a method according to the invention as described above. The construction system has a, in particular automatically operable, mobile positioning device for step a) of the method. In particular, the mobile positioning device has a 3D printing system for building material. The construction system further has a building material pumping device for conveying building material for step b) of the method, in particular for steps a) and b) of the method. Furthermore, the construction system has an electronic control device for monitoring, in particular for controlling, the mobile positioning device and the building material pumping device, in particular for automatically carrying out the method.

[0041] The construction system expediently comprises a handling device for handling building elements for the structure. The reinforcement device, in particular the reinforcement element, can be such a building element. The ceiling structure, in particular the semi-finished part, can be such a building element. Such a building element can also be a window element and / or a door element for the structure. A wall opening, in particular the wall opening, for such a window element and / or for such a door element can be recessed when performing step a), in particular by primary shaping, and / or created by separating after performing step a). The handling device can be automatically controlled by means of the control device, in particular corresponding to the control of the mobile positioning device and the building material pumping device. The construction system can comprise a mobile boom pump and / or a mobile 3D printer for building materials.

[0042] A structure according to the invention is constructed at least partially by means of a method according to the invention as described above. In particular, the wall structure after construction of the structure is essentially non-load-bearing, in particular not permanently load-bearing. Alternatively or additionally, the structure can have a ceiling structure according to the invention as described above.

[0043] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated with reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like, similar, or functionally identical components.

[0045] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0046] Fig. 1 shows schematically a flow chart for the implementation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for the construction of an embodiment of a structure according to the invention,

[0047] Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a construction system according to the invention for carrying out the method according to Fig. 1,

[0048] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the structure according to the invention in the form of a perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1,

[0049] Fig. 4 shows the structure according to Fig. 3 in the form of a further perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1,

[0050] Fig. 5 shows the structure according to Figs. 3 and 4 in the form of a further perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1,

[0051] Fig. 6 shows the structure according to Figs. 3 to 5 in the form of a further perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1,

[0052] Fig. 7 shows the structure according to Figs. 3 to 6 in the form of a further perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1, Fig. 8 shows the structure according to Figs. 3 to 7 in the form of a further perspective snapshot during the implementation of the method according to Fig. 1,

[0053] Fig. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a detail of the structure according to Fig. 7,

[0054] Fig. 10 in schematic perspective view partially cut a

[0055] Embodiment of a ceiling structure according to the invention for placement on a wall structure of the building according to Figs. 3 to 9,

[0056] Fig. 11 shows a schematic perspective view of the ceiling structure according to Fig. 10, and

[0057] Fig. 12 shows a schematic perspective view of a supporting structure of the building according to Fig. 8.

[0058] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0059] A method V according to the invention serves to construct a building 50 according to the invention. The method V for constructing the building 50 can be referred to as a “construction method” for short. The method V has a step a), according to which a wall structure 1 for the building 50 is constructed at least partially automatically. In the present case, the wall structure 1 is constructed fully automatically, i.e. in particular at least substantially without manual activity. “Construct” in the present context can mean “manufacture” or “erect”. The wall structure 1 is constructed according to step a) with at least one external joining surface 2. The external joining surface 2 can be a region of an external surface of the wall structure 1. The external joining surface 2 can be arranged at an edge of the wall structure 1. The wall structure 1 is, for example, unreinforced. This means that the wall structure 1 can be constructed free of reinforcement.For example, the wall structure 1 is essentially non-load-bearing. This can mean that, after the construction of the building 50, the wall structure 1 essentially has no permanent load-bearing function, for example, for ceiling structures 9 and / or additional floors of the building 50. In this case, the wall structure 1 is dimensionally stable and / or self-supporting and / or cured after its construction according to step a).

[0060] Method V also comprises a step b), according to which a reinforced support structure 3 is created, which borders the external joining surface 2 of the created wall structure 1. The wall structure 1 has therefore already been created, in particular at least partially, before the reinforced support structure 3 is created. The reinforced support structure 3 is created according to step b) in such a way that a matrix 4 of the reinforced support structure 3 comprising building material B is integrally formed on the external joining surface 2 of the wall structure 1. The building material B is concrete in this case. By integrally forming the matrix 4 on the external joining surface 2, the support structure 3, in particular its matrix 4, and the wall structure 2, in particular on the external joining surface 2, can be connected to one another in a uniform and / or cohesive manner. The wall structure 1 and the reinforced support structure 3 can form a monolithic structure of the building 50.Integral molding can enable a seamless connection.

[0061] The wall structure 1 is, for example, at least partially or completely 3D-printed when step a) is carried out. For example, the wall structure 1 is 3D-printed with or from building material B. The building material B for 3D printing the wall structure 1 can be of the same type as the building material B for the matrix 4 of the supporting structure 3. "Similar" building materials B can be assigned to a common building material type, for example, according to a common main component, but differ with regard to specific building material properties, such as viscosity and / or thixotropy. A difference can also lie in a material composition, for example, with regard to additives or admixtures such as sand or gravel.

[0062] The wall structure 1 can be at least partially prefabricated by automated production, in particular by additive manufacturing, and then positioned. Alternatively, the wall structure 1 can be produced, i.e., constructed, on-site at a construction site, as in the present case. Alternatively or additionally, the wall structure 1 can be at least partially in the form of a drywall, glass wall, brick wall, clay wall, plaster wall, foam concrete wall, or the like.

[0063] The reinforced support structure 3 can form a supporting structure for the building 50. During the construction of the support structure 3, for example, building material B for the matrix 4 is poured into the support structure construction space T. A reinforcement device 6 for the support structure 3 can already be arranged in the support structure construction space T before the building material B for the matrix 4 is poured. Accordingly, step b) has, for example, a sub-step b1), according to which the reinforcement device 6 is arranged within the support structure construction space T. The at least one external joining surface 2 of the wall structure 1 borders the support structure construction space T.

[0064] According to a further sub-step b2) of step b), for example, a formwork device 7 is arranged on the wall structure 1 in such a way that the formwork device 7, together with the external joining surface 2, partially delimits the supporting structure construction space T. In this case, the formwork device 7 is arranged on the wall structure 1 in such a way that a filling opening for building material B is left out. According to a further sub-step b3) of step b), the supporting structure construction space T is filled with building material B for the matrix 4 of the supporting structure 3, in particular through the filling opening, in particular by gravity casting. By vibrating, cavities, in particular gas inclusions and / or shrinkage cavities, in the not yet cured building material B for the matrix 4 can be reduced in order to obtain a supporting structure 3 with as few pores as possible after curing.

[0065] The constructed wall structure 1 comprises, for example, at least two wall sections 5, which have mutually facing external joining surfaces 2. The wall sections 5 are arranged, for example, horizontally spaced from one another. The supporting structure construction space T is partially delimited by the mutually facing external joining surfaces 2 of the wall sections 5, such that the wall sections 5 are connected to one another with mutually facing external joining surfaces 2 during the construction of the reinforced supporting structure 3 according to step b). In particular, the two wall sections 5 are integrally connected to one another according to step b).

[0066] The support structure construction space T can have a shape that corresponds to a negative of the shape of the reinforced support structure 3. The two wall sections 5, which are arranged in particular horizontally at a distance from one another, can extend at an angle to one another. Accordingly, the support structure construction space T can at least partially correspond to a vertically extending corner recess E between the two wall sections 5 before step b) is carried out. A region of the reinforced support structure 3 connecting the two wall sections 5 can therefore be a corner pillar section 133 of the reinforced support structure 3.

[0067] The reinforcement device 6 can comprise reinforcement elements 8. The reinforcement elements 8 can be in the form of rods and / or cables, for example. Such a reinforcement element 8 can be made of metal, in particular steel, for example. Alternatively or additionally, such a reinforcement element 8 can comprise a fiber material, in particular based on carbon fibers and / or glass fibers and / or plastic fibers and / or aramid fibers, or can consist of such a fiber material.

[0068] For example, when performing sub-step b2), the formwork device 7 is releasably attached to the wall structure 1. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork device 7 can be releasably attached to a foundation F for the structure 50. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork device 7 can be releasably attached to the ceiling structure 9 for the structure 50. In this case, the formwork device 7 is screwed for its releasable attachment and, alternatively or additionally, anchored.

[0069] The formwork device 7 in this case comprises individually handled and detachably attachable formwork elements 10. Through holes and—alternatively or additionally—blind holes for screwing and / or anchoring the formwork device 7 can be created during the construction of the wall structure 1 according to step a) and / or during the construction of the foundation F and / or during the construction of the ceiling structure 9. For example, the through holes and / or the blind holes can be created by primary forming or—alternatively or additionally—by separating.

[0070] In the present case, according to a further step ab) of method V, a ceiling structure 9 is arranged on the wall structure 1 created according to step a). Step ab) is performed, for example, after step a). Step ab) can be performed after step b) or, as in the present case, before step b).

[0071] The ceiling structure 9, for example, has a through-opening 11. In this case, the through-opening 11 partially delimits the supporting structure installation space T. In the case where the supporting structure 3 has the through-opening 11, as in this case, step ab) is carried out before step b).

[0072] The chronological sequence of the steps and sub-steps of method V corresponds, for example, to the order shown in Fig. 1.

[0073] Substep b3) of step b) is performed, for example, after step ab). In this case, the building material B can be guided through the through-opening 11 at least temporarily when filling the supporting structure construction space T.

[0074] For example, the ceiling structure 9 is at least partially reinforced.

[0075] For example, a ceiling structure 9 according to the invention is used for method V. Accordingly, the ceiling structure 9 comprises a semi-finished part 20. The semi-finished part 20 comprises a base layer 21. The base layer 21 can comprise building material B. The semi-finished part 20 also comprises a reinforcement device 22. The reinforcement device 22 is partially embedded in a base matrix 23 of the base layer 21. The building material B of the base layer 21 can form the base matrix 23. The reinforcement device 22 also has exposed reinforcement regions 24.

[0076] In the present case, the ceiling structure 9 has a particularly reinforced, circumferential collar region 25. The collar region 25 partially delimits the supporting structure construction space T. The through-opening 11 of the semi-finished part 20 extends horizontally at least partially—or, as in the present case, completely—along the collar region 25. The through-opening 11 is designed in the form of an annular chamber or annular space.

[0077] According to method V, the ceiling structure 9 is arranged, for example, on the wall structure 1 in such a way that the supporting structure construction space T is partially delimited by the base layer 21 in such a way that the exposed reinforcement areas 24 protrude into the supporting structure construction space T. For example, the ceiling structure 9 with semi-finished part 20 - as in the present case - is arranged on the wall structure 1 in such a way that the exposed reinforcement areas 24 are directed upwards against a direction of gravity G. The ceiling structure 9 is in this case a filigree ceiling. When carrying out method V, the ceiling structure 9 can be temporarily, in particular not permanently, supported by the constructed wall structure 1. In particular, the wall structure 1 can support the ceiling structure 9 alone, i.e. in particular without additional supporting devices - in particular until the supporting structure 3 is constructed. The supporting structure 3 can then assume the load-bearing function for the permanent support of the ceiling structure 9.

[0078] The reinforcement device 22 of the ceiling structure 9 and the reinforcement device 6 can be of the same or different types. It is conceivable that the reinforcement device 22 and the reinforcement device 6 are first fastened to one another before the matrix 4 of the supporting structure 3 is produced, in particular poured. The reinforcement device 6 and the reinforcement device 22 can reinforce the supporting structure 3 together. The reinforcement device 6 can reinforce the supporting structure 3 essentially vertically, i.e. the reinforcement device 6 can locally reinforce the building material B of the supporting structure 3, in particular the matrix 4, mainly vertically. The reinforcement device 22 can locally reinforce the supporting structure 3 essentially horizontally, i.e. the reinforcement device 22 can locally reinforce the building material B of the supporting structure 3, in particular the matrix 4, horizontally.

[0079] In the present case, the collar region 25 partially delimits the support structure construction space T. The collar region 25 defines, for example, a height H of the support structure 3 above ground level N. The collar region 25 can be completely, in particular closed, circumferential. The collar region 25 can have a horizontally extending upper edge 26, which defines the height H of the support structure 3. In this case, the base layer 21 and the collar region 25 together delimit a trough-like region W of the support structure construction space T. Within the trough-like region W, a ceiling section 16 of the support structure 3 can be present after the creation of the support structure 3 according to step b).

[0080] The support structure 3 in this case has a column section 12. The support structure 3 also has a corner pillar section 13. For example, the support structure 3 has a column section 14. For example, the support structure 3 has a beam section 15. In this case, the support structure 3 also has a ceiling section 16. It is understood that before the support structure 3 is created, the support structure construction space T has the column section 12, the corner pillar section 13, the column section 14, the beam section 15 and the ceiling section 16 in the example shown. This is because the support structure 3 and the support structure construction space T are complementary in this case.

[0081] The support structure 3 and the support structure construction space T can further comprise a ring beam section and—alternatively or additionally—a core section. The ring beam section can extend horizontally over at least one, in particular four, enclosing wall sections 5 and, together with vertical sections of the support structure 3, form a monolithic support structure 3 for the building 50. The vertical sections of the support structure 3 can be formed by support sections 12 and / or by column sections 14. Furthermore, the ring beam section can bridge a wall opening 18 for a window or a door of the building 50. In this respect, the ring beam section can provide the structural stability of the support structure 3 over such a wall opening 18. The core section of the support structure 3 can be a load-bearing structure located within the space formed by two or more wall sections 5.The core section may provide additional reinforcement or support for a horizontal ceiling or floor structure 9. The core section may be cast monolithically with such a ceiling or floor structure 9.

[0082] A construction system 100 according to the invention serves to carry out the method V according to the invention. The construction system 100 has a mobile positioning device 101. The mobile positioning device 101 in the present case has a 3D printing system 102 for building material B. The mobile positioning device 101 serves to carry out step a) of the method V. The construction system 100 also has a building material pumping device 102, which serves to convey building material B for step b) of the method V. In particular, the building material pumping device 102 serves to convey building material B for steps a) and b) of the method V. The construction system 100 also has an electronic control device 103, which is designed to monitor - in the present case to control - the mobile positioning device 101 and the building material pumping device 102.In this case, the electronic control device 103 is configured to control the mobile position device 101 and the building material pumping device 102 in such a way that the method V according to the invention can be carried out automatically.

[0083] The construction system 100 can comprise a handling device for handling building elements. The reinforcement device 3, in particular the reinforcement element 8, can be such a building element. The ceiling structure 9, in particular the semi-finished part 20, can be such a building element. Such a building element can also be a window element and, alternatively or additionally, a door element for the building 50. The wall opening 18 for such a window element and, alternatively or additionally, for such a door element can be recessed when performing step a), in particular by primary forming. Alternatively, the wall opening 18 can be created by separating after performing step a). The handling device can be automatically controlled by means of the control device 103, in particular corresponding to the control of the moving position device 101 and the building material pumping device 102.The construction system 100, for example, has a mobile boom pump and - alternatively or additionally - a mobile 3D printer.

[0084] The structure 50 according to the invention is constructed at least partially using method V. In this case, the wall structure 1 is essentially non-load-bearing after construction of the structure 50. Alternatively or additionally, the structure 50—as in the present case—has the ceiling structure 9 according to the invention. At least one formwork element 7 can be prefabricated and manually attached to the wall structure 1.

[0085] The entire supporting structure 3, ie for example the column section 12 and the corner pillar section 13 and the column section 14 and the beam section 15 and the ring beam section and the core section and the ceiling section, can be cast together.

[0086] The wall structure 1 can be created with horizontal and / or vertical joining surfaces 2. The joining surfaces 2 can be structured. In this way, interlocking effects between the wall structure 1 and the supporting structure 3 can be achieved.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method (V) for constructing a building (50), the method (V) comprising the steps of: a) at least partially automatically constructing a wall structure (1) with at least one external joining surface (2); and b) constructing a reinforced supporting structure (3) adjacent to the external joining surface (2) of the constructed wall structure (1) such that a matrix (4) of the reinforced supporting structure (3) comprising building material (B) is integrally formed on the external joining surface (2).

2. Method (V) according to the preceding claim, wherein the wall structure (1) is at least partially or completely 3D-printed when carrying out step a), in particular with or from building material (B).

3. Method (V) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the at least one external joining surface (2) adjoins a supporting structure construction space (T) for the reinforced supporting structure (3) of the building, - wherein the created wall structure (1) has at least two wall sections (5), in particular arranged horizontally at a distance from one another, with mutually facing outer joining surfaces (2), - wherein the supporting structure construction space (T) is partially delimited by the mutually facing external joining surfaces (2), so that the wall sections (5) with mutually facing external joining surfaces (2) are connected to one another, in particular integrally, when the reinforced supporting structure (3) is constructed according to step b).

4. Method (V) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein step b) comprises the following sub-steps: b1) arranging a reinforcement device (6) within a supporting structure construction space (T), to which the at least one external joining surface (2) adjoins, b2) arranging a formwork device (7) on the wall structure (1) such that the formwork device (7) together with the external joining surface (2) partially delimits the supporting structure construction space (T), in particular leaving out a filling opening for building material (B), b3) filling the supporting structure construction space (T) with building material (B) for the matrix (4) of the supporting structure (3), in particular by gravity casting.

5. Method (V) according to the preceding claim, wherein when carrying out sub-step b2) the formwork device (7) is detachably fastened, in particular screwed and / or anchored, to the wall structure (1) and / or to a foundation (F) for the building (50) and / or to a ceiling structure (9) for the building (50).

6. Method (V) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (V) comprises the following step: ab) arranging a ceiling structure (9) on the created wall structure (1).

7. Method (V) according to the preceding claim, wherein the ceiling structure (9) has at least one through-opening (11), wherein the through-opening (11) partially delimits a supporting structure construction space (T).

8. Method (V) according to the three preceding claims, wherein the outer joining surface (2) adjoins a supporting structure construction space (T) for the reinforced supporting structure (3) of the building, wherein sub-step b3) of step b) is carried out chronologically after step ab), wherein building material (B) is at least temporarily guided through the passage opening (11) when filling the supporting structure construction space (T).

9. Method (V) according to one of the three preceding claims, wherein the ceiling structure (9) is at least partially reinforced.

0. Method (V) according to the preceding claim, wherein the ceiling structure (9) comprises a semi-finished part (20) which has: a base layer (21), in particular with building material (B), a reinforcement device (22) which is partially embedded in a base matrix (23) of the base layer (21) and which has exposed reinforcement regions (24); wherein the outer joining surface (2) borders on a supporting structure construction space (T) for the reinforced supporting structure (3) of the building, wherein the ceiling structure (9), in particular when carrying out step ab), is arranged on the wall structure (1) in such a way that the supporting structure construction space (T) is partially delimited by the base layer (21) in such a way that the exposed reinforcement regions (24) protrude into the supporting structure construction space (T).

11. Method (V) according to one of the five preceding claims, wherein the ceiling structure (9) has a, in particular reinforced, circumferential collar region (25), wherein the outer joining surface (2) adjoins a supporting structure construction space (T) for the reinforced supporting structure (3) of the building, wherein the collar region (25) partially delimits the supporting structure construction space (T), in particular wherein the collar region (25) defines a height (H) of the supporting structure (3) above ground level (N).

12. Method (V) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (3) and / or the support structure construction space (T) comprises a support section (12) and / or a corner pillar section (13) and / or a column section (14) and / or a beam section (15) and / or a ceiling section (16) and / or a ring beam section and / or a core section.

13. Ceiling structure (9) for placement on a wall structure (1) during or after carrying out a method (V) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ceiling structure (9) has a semi-finished part (20) which has: at least one through-opening (11) for partially defining the support structure construction space (T), a base layer (21), in particular with building material (B), a reinforcement device (22) which is partially embedded in a base matrix (23) of the base layer (21) and which has exposed reinforcement regions (24), in particular wherein the ceiling structure (9) has a, in particular reinforced, circumferential collar region (25) for partially defining the support structure construction space (T), in particular wherein the through-opening (11) extends horizontally at least partially or completely along the collar region (25).

14. Construction system (100) for carrying out a method (V) according to one of claims 1 to 12, comprising: a moving device (101), in particular with a 3D printing system (102) for building material (B), for step a) of the method (V), a building material pumping device (102) for conveying building material (B) for step b) of the method (V), in particular for steps a) and b) of the method (V), and an electronic control device (103) for controlling the moving position device (101) and the building material pumping device (102), in particular for automatically carrying out the method (V).

15. Building (50), at least partially constructed by means of a method (V) according to one of claims 1 to 12, in particular wherein the wall structure (1) is substantially non-load-bearing after construction of the building (50), and / or in particular wherein the building (50) has a ceiling structure (9) according to claim 13.

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