Submersible solar installation

Abstract

The invention relates to a submersible solar installation comprising: a solar panel; at least one buoyancy element connected to the solar panel; wherein the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy element have a positive buoyancy at a water surface of a body of water; and a submersion means, which is adapted to apply a negative buoyancy force to the submersible solar installation; wherein the at least one buoyancy element has a reversibly compressible first buoyancy element. The invention also relates to a use of the submersible solar installation for generating electrical energy, to a transport system for a submersible solar installation, and to a use of the transport system.

Description

Submersible solar system

[0001] The invention relates to a submersible solar system with a device for achieving a floating state at a predetermined depth. For this purpose, a submersible solar system according to claim 1 is provided.

[0002] Solar power systems, and photovoltaic systems in particular, are among the great hopes of the future, as they can reduce humanity's CO2 emissions and thus slow global warming. One problem, however, is the large amount of land required for such systems. This land is needed for agriculture, among other things.

[0003] Floating solar power systems on artificial and natural lakes, as well as on the ocean, offer a solution to this problem. Artificial lakes are only available to a limited extent. Natural lakes often raise concerns about landscape protection. An unresolved problem with offshore systems is their ability to survive storms with associated high waves.

[0004] The most common typology for floating solar systems today uses plastic buoyancy bodies on which conventional photovoltaic panels are mounted (e.g., US9132889B2). According to the description, the system is only suitable for protected or confined water areas such as lakes. In at least one case, a cyclone caused a disaster with this system, even on a confined water area (see Kyocera Solar Accident 2019 in Yamakura Dam). Another typology uses the system of ring-shaped buoyancy bodies from fish farms with a PVC film clamped inside, on which flexible photovoltaic panels are mounted (e.g., NO20160927). According to the description, this system is not suitable for the open sea. Another typology uses a A platform of solar modules mounted on a metal structure with buoyancy bodies underneath (e.g., WO2022135729A1). The solar panels are positioned several meters from the water, thus creating a surface exposed to wind. The system is also complex and material-intensive. Another typology involves mounting solar panels directly on aluminum floats (e.g., WO2021 130283A1). According to the description, the system is only suitable for protected or confined bodies of water such as lakes or bays.

[0005] All known systems have the disadvantage that they are not suitable for severe weather conditions, such as storms on the open sea with associated high waves. Furthermore, the assembly and dismantling of all known systems is relatively complicated and therefore expensive, considering the enormous areas required to produce electrical energy in the gigawatt range.

[0006] One object of the invention is to provide a solar system that can withstand severe weather, especially on water, such as storms on the open sea with associated high waves. A further object is to provide a solar system that can deliver increased energy yield. Furthermore, the invention is intended to enable simple, efficient, and cost-effective transport, as well as assembly and disassembly of the solar system.

[0007] It has been found that the above objects are achieved with the submersible solar system according to claim 1.

[0008] The submersible solar system comprises: a solar panel; at least one buoyancy body connected to the solar panel; wherein the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy body have a positive buoyancy on a water surface of a body of water; and a diving means adapted to submerge the submersible solar system to be subjected to a negative buoyancy force; wherein the at least one buoyancy body comprises a first buoyancy body which is at least partially reversibly compressible.

[0009] Furthermore, a use of the submersible solar system for generating electrical energy, a transport system for a submersible solar system, and a use of the transport system are provided.

[0010] If the solar system is brought to a predetermined diving depth, the first buoyancy body, the at least partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body, is compressed to a predetermined volume due to the hydrostatic pressure. Preferably, a buoyancy body can be dimensioned using the following calculation formulas so that gravity and buoyancy balance each other out at the predetermined diving depth, allowing the solar system to float at the predetermined diving depth. Floating occurs when the total buoyancy force is approximately zero Newtons. Approximately zero Newtons in the context of this invention is preferably a positive or negative buoyancy force of less than 100 N, more preferably 50 N; 40 N; 30 N; 20 N; 10 N; 5 N; 4 N; 3 N; 2 N; most preferably less than 1 N.

[0011] A solar system in the sense of this invention is preferably a system that comprises one or more solar panels and is preferably intended for the production of electrical energy.

[0012] A solar panel within the meaning of this invention is preferably a substantially planar device adapted to convert sunlight into electrical energy. Various suitable technologies for this purpose are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0013] A reversibly compressible buoyancy body in the sense of this invention is preferably a body which essentially complies with the law by Boyle and Mariotte, meaning that its volume is inversely proportional to the ambient pressure at constant temperature. A compressible buoyancy body can be used to influence the overall buoyancy of the solar array at predetermined diving depths in such a way that this is advantageous for the disclosure. It is advantageous for the disclosure if the solar array floats on the surface and preferably hovers at the intended diving depth.

[0014] An at least partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body within the meaning of this invention is a buoyancy body that has a reversibly compressible portion and optionally an incompressible portion. An at least partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can essentially follow Boyle's and Mariotte's law up to a predetermined diving depth. From a predetermined water depth up to the maximum diving depth during intended use, the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can essentially no longer be compressed. It is clear that the transition from the compressible to the incompressible state can also be smoothly adjusted, for example, by using a less elastic material and / or geometry of the reversibly compressible buoyancy body.An at least partially compressible buoyancy body serves to influence the overall buoyancy of the solar system at predetermined diving depths in such a way that this is advantageous for the disclosure.

[0015] At least partially reversibly compressible in the sense of this invention means that a buoyancy body can be either partially reversibly compressible or completely reversibly compressible.

[0016] An at least partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body may comprise a shell, of which at least a portion or the shell as such is adapted to be compressed at a certain pressure, which is preferably within the foreseen diving depth to be reversibly compressed. At least one section of the casing or the casing itself can be formed from a reversibly plastically deformable plastic material.

[0017] The predetermined diving depth can be, for example, between 5 and 50 meters, preferably between 10 and 40 meters, 15 and 30 meters, or 20 and 25 meters. The design of the reversibly compressible buoyancy body or the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can be adapted to the predetermined diving depths. Thus, in the case of a reversibly compressible buoyancy body and / or a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body, the reversible compressibility or partially reversible compressibility occurs predominantly, for example and preferably over at least 50%, for example at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the total volume of the reversibly compressible buoyancy body or the reversibly compressible partial volume of the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body, down to the predetermined diving depth. The compression of the total volume of the reversibly compressible buoyancy body orThe partial volume of the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can be reduced essentially linearly. For example, a reversibly compressible buoyancy body can be designed such that its total volume is reversibly reduced by at least 60% during a transition from the water surface to a predetermined diving depth, e.g., 20 meters.

[0018] An incompressible buoyancy body within the meaning of this invention can be a body that essentially maintains its volume when the ambient pressure changes, wherein the volume can be filled with a fluid or fluid mixture, e.g., air and / or water. The one or more incompressible buoyancy bodies can be used to adjust the overall buoyancy of the solar system, independent of the diving depth, in a way that is advantageous for the invention. Incompressible buoyancy bodies can be buoys, such as buoyancy buoys or corner buoys, and Diving bells. The incompressible buoyancy body can have a first device, e.g., a pump, wherein the first device is adapted to at least partially exchange the fluid or fluid mixture, e.g., water for air, or another gas or gas mixture. The incompressible buoyancy body can further have a second device, e.g., one or more valves, wherein the second device is adapted to allow the fluid or fluid mixture, e.g., water, to enter the incompressible buoyancy body.

[0019] An incompressible buoyancy body may have a shell that is substantially non-compressed or non-deformed at a specific pressure, preferably within the intended diving depth.

[0020] A substantial maintenance of the volume of a buoyancy body within the meaning of this invention is preferably the case when the volume of a body at the intended diving depth is compressed to not less than 90%, preferably not less than 95%; 96%; 97%; or 98%; most preferably not less than 99%, based on the volume at atmospheric pressure.

[0021] Incompressibility, within the meaning of this invention, is when the volume of a body can be assumed to be constant despite the application of force or pressure change, e.g., a pressure increase by a factor of two. It is clear to those skilled in the art that incompressibility is merely an idealized assumption for the simplified description of physical processes. For the purposes of this invention, solids and liquids are considered incompressible, while gases are compressible.

[0022] The reversibly compressible buoyancy body or the partially compressible buoyancy body can have a fluid space, usually a Airspace is included to generate positive buoyancy. The airspace can contain atmospheric air as a compressible gas. Other gases or mixtures thereof can be included, provided they generate positive buoyancy within the volume of the reversibly compressible or partially compressible buoyancy body.

[0023] A flexible plastic material, such as an elastomer or a thermoplastic, containing an air space can be used as a reversibly compressible buoyancy body. For example, the flexible plastic material can comprise a single or multiple air spaces. The flexible plastic material can, for example, have a porous structure.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one compressible buoyancy body and one incompressible buoyancy body can be two separate buoyancy bodies.

[0025] In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one reversibly compressible buoyancy body and one incompressible buoyancy body can be part of a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body, ie this partially compressible buoyancy body has a reversibly compressible and an incompressible part.

[0026] In a further preferred embodiment, the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body is a buoyancy body that can be compressed up to a certain pressure and then cannot be compressed any further. An example embodiment of this preferred embodiment can have a buoyancy body with a fully or partially compressible outer shell, e.g. made of an elastomer, and a spaced-apart, incompressible, but air-permeable core, e.g. made of solid, open-pore aluminum foam or a hollow metal body with a small opening. Another example of this One embodiment is shown in Fig. 11: A profile is elastically compressible to the extent that, for example, a free center bar touches the opposite side, thus preventing further compression. The decisive factor for the preferred embodiment with a partially compressible buoyancy body is the principle that the buoyancy body can be compressed to a certain degree and is then essentially no longer compressible. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that other embodiments besides the two presented are possible.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment, the incompressible buoyancy body and / or the compressible buoyancy body can simultaneously form the frame of the solar panel.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, several solar panels can share a compressible and / or an incompressible and / or a partially compressible buoyancy body.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment according to claim 1, the incompressible buoyancy body can be omitted, since the solar panel and the compressible buoyancy body together already have the ideal buoyancy at the water surface and at the predetermined diving depth. As shown in Figs. 9 and 10, this can be the case, for example, with certain flexible and / or thin-film panels, since these, due to their lightweight design, can inherently have little negative buoyancy. This design can have the advantage of significantly reducing material usage compared to a design with glass-glass panels.

[0030] A negative buoyancy force in the sense of this invention is a force with a direction that is opposite to the direction of the positive buoyancy force.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar panel and the buoyancy body(s) can be arranged such that the entire solar panel is below the water surface. This can be achieved, for example, by arranging at least part of the buoyancy body above the surface of the solar panel.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar system can have a desired positive or negative total buoyancy at a predetermined diving depth by selecting larger or smaller buoyancy bodies.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar system can have a plurality of solar panels which are arranged in a planar manner and wherein the solar panels can be flexibly connected to one another.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar system can have a cable net which is connected to the at least one buoyancy body and the immersion means, wherein preferably the force exerted by the immersion means acts substantially uniformly on the at least one buoyancy body.

[0035] A substantially uniform action of a force from a submersible means on a plurality of connection points of the at least one buoyancy body within the meaning of this invention means that, mathematically, when there is no wind or waves and the submersible means and the solar system are at a standstill, the smallest force and the largest force on the different connection points preferably differ by less than 100%, more preferably by less than 50%; 40%; 30%; 20%; 10%; 5%; 4%; 3%; 2%; 1%; most preferably not at all. It is clear that the forces occurring in practice, triggered for example by water waves or for example dynamic forces from the actuation of the submersible means, lead to significantly can lead to greater differences. Examples of diving equipment may include a pulling system, which may be designed, for example, as a winch or winch system.

[0036] A cable net within the meaning of this invention can be a substantially flat cable structure comprising at least one cable arranged essentially in a chain line, to which a plurality of straight suspension cables can be attached to transmit the forces. The underlying static concept corresponds to that of a suspension bridge and is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] Preferably, a cable net can be arranged parallel to the water surface. The cable net preferably consists of four or more cables arranged in a catenary, which can preferably be connected to a submersible device at the corners of the solar array, optionally via an incompressible buoyancy body, e.g., a buoy, and a plurality of straight suspension cables, each of which can be connected at one end to the catenary cable and at the other end to the at least one solar panel. The cable net can ensure that the force from the submersible device is distributed substantially evenly across the entire edge of the solar panel array.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar system can have a pulling system and an anchoring, wherein a pulling system can be provided at four or more fastening points, which is adapted to pull the solar system to the predetermined diving depth.

[0039] Anchoring can hold the solar array in place. Experts are familiar with the various anchoring options depending on the forces involved and the nature of the waterbed.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the solar system can additionally comprise a buoy which is connected to the traction system and the cable net. The buoy can be a buoyancy body which can be incompressible, compressible, or partially compressible. When this buoy is pulled by the traction system towards the anchoring point on the waterbed, it generates a buoyancy force with a vector from the buoy in a vertical upward direction. The pull of the traction system simultaneously generates a further force with a vector from the buoy towards the anchoring point. Using a force parallelogram, the resulting horizontal force with which the field of solar panels is held in position can be determined. By selecting the appropriate type and size of the buoyancy body of the buoy, a favorable horizontal force can be set. A favorable horizontal force can be between 100,000 N and 1,000 N, for example.

[0041] It goes without saying that the optional buoy can also be integrated into the diving device or other parts of the solar system.

[0042] It also goes without saying that during the descent and ascent process or when the solar panels generate positive or negative buoyancy, a resultant force with a direction other than horizontal can also arise.

[0043] A solar system according to the present invention provides at least one compressible air space and can comprise a solar panel; an incompressible buoyancy body; an elastic connection between the solar panels; a cable net; an anchoring system; a diving means; a buoy; an electrical cable connection; a solar charge controller and a transformer.

[0044] It is clear that the airspace of a compressible or A partially compressible buoyancy body can also be partially formed by immobile and / or stretchable material. It is also clear that only one section of the compressible buoyancy body can move or stretch, while the other section remains stationary or unstretched. In this case, the compressible buoyancy body can form a compressible air space and essentially follow the Boyle-Mariotte law.

[0045] The exact physical conditions are shown below: As hydrostatic pressure increases, the reversibly compressible buoyancy body is compressed, reducing the buoyancy of the system according to the present invention. At a predetermined depth, the weight of the solar system can correspond to the weight of the displaced water, and the solar system can float according to the Archimedes' principle. For the solar system according to the present invention, any buoyancy force at the surface and any depth at which the system floats can be determined. The necessary calculation methods are explained below. The resulting buoyancy force F of a body in water is calculated as follows: F = V pwater g - V pbody g (1 ), where V is the volume of the body, p is the bulk density and g is the location factor (« 9.81 N / kg).

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the total buoyancy force of the solar system is divided into a fixed part (solar panel; incompressible buoyancy body) and a variable part (reversibly compressible buoyancy body). At the water surface: Ftotal = Ffix + Fvar (2) At the diving depth t (in meters) the following applies: Ftotal = Ffix + 1 / (t / 10+1 ) ■ Fvar (3).

[0047] In a concrete example, a glass-glass solar module can have a negative buoyancy of 250 N, an incompressible buoyancy body can have a buoyancy of 247.5 N, and a reversibly compressible buoyancy body at the water surface can have a buoyancy of 7.5 N. This results in the following at the water surface: Ftotal = -250N + 247.5N + 7.5N = 5.0N (4) At diving depth t = 20 m the following applies: Ftotal = -250N + 247.5N + 1 / (20 / 10+1 ) ■ 7.5N = -2.5N + 2.5N = 0.0N (5) This means that the solar module floats on the water surface and hovers at a diving depth of 20 m.

[0048] In another preferred embodiment, a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can be used. In this case, the following applies at the water surface: F total = Ffix + Fvar (6) Fvar is the proportion of the buoyancy force of the flexible part of the partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body. Up to a predetermined water depth x (in meters) and a diving depth t (in meters), the following applies: Ftotal = Ffix + 1 / (t / 10+1 ) ■ Fvar (7) From a predetermined water depth x or deeper, the following applies: Ftotal = Ffix + 1 / (x / 10+1 ) ■ Fvar (8).

[0049] In a concrete example, a glass-glass solar module can have a negative buoyancy of 250 N, an incompressible buoyancy body a buoyancy of 200 N, and a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body at the water surface a buoyancy of 55 N. The partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body can be designed in such a way that it can be compressed to a maximum of 10 / 11 of its initial volume, ie according to the Boyle-Mariotte law, it has reached its minimum volume at a diving depth of one meter. In concrete terms, this partially compressible buoyancy body of the In the example shown, the water surface has an air space of approximately 5,500 ml, of which 5,000 ml is in a rigid part and 500 ml is air in a flexible part, and the parts are connected to each other via an opening. In this specific example, the following applies to the water surface: Ftotal = -250N + 200N + 55N = 5N (9) At a diving depth of 1 m or deeper: Ftotal = -250N + 200N + 50N = ON (10) This means that the solar module in the example floats on the water surface and hovers at a diving depth of 1 m or deeper.

[0050] It is clear to the person skilled in the art that other factors can also have an influence on the buoyancy and are preferably taken into account when dimensioning the buoyancy bodies, in particular the minimum and maximum possible air pressure in the area of ​​use, the minimum and maximum possible water temperature in the area of ​​use and the minimum and maximum possible density of the water in the area of ​​use, in particular in the case of salty seawater.

[0051] One advantage of the invention is that the solar array can not only be pulled into the depths, but can also be easily maintained at a predetermined depth to withstand adverse climatic conditions such as storms. At depths, no vertical force is required to maintain the solar array's position. The solar array can move with any water movements present at depth without creating problematic forces, similar to a sail moving with the wind or a manta ray gliding seemingly weightlessly through the water.

[0052] This may require a relatively small number of dips and anchors, preferably 1 dip per 100 or more panels, more preferably per 1,000 or more panels, Preferably, per 10,000 or more panels. The resulting arrays of solar panels can be very large, which has a positive impact on the overall production costs of the solar system.

[0053] The force required to pull the solar array down can be optimized by selecting the appropriate size of the buoyancy bodies. This allows for the use of smaller and more cost-effective pulling systems.

[0054] A further advantage of the invention is that, unlike onshore systems, the solar panels of the solar system according to the invention are cooled by direct contact with water, thus providing an immediately higher energy yield of up to 15%. Those skilled in the art are aware of the dependence of energy yield on the operating temperature of photovoltaic panels.

[0055] Furthermore, the constant water temperature control of the invention offers the advantage that the solar panels and their components degrade less over time, as large temperature fluctuations are avoided. The correspondingly longer service life of the system can generate an additional energy gain of up to 20% compared to conventional solar systems. Those skilled in the art are aware of the negative effects of temperature fluctuations on photovoltaic panels.

[0056] Unlike conventional floating solar systems, the solar array offers no surface area for wind attack. This prevents a disaster like the 2019 Yamakura Dam accident, even if the solar array is located at the water's surface. If the array is lowered, the risk is further reduced, while simultaneously protecting the solar array's components.

[0057] Another advantage is that the solar system according to the invention is suitable for prefabrication. This can significantly reduce overall costs. Another advantage is that assembly and disassembly can be carried out efficiently and cost-effectively.

[0058] Another advantage of the invention is that, unlike common floating solar systems, land-based solar systems, and wind turbines, the solar array is virtually invisible. Due to its low profile, it can be virtually invisible even at a distance of just a few hundred meters from the coast. Thus, there are relatively few concerns regarding landscape protection.

[0059] A further advantage of the invention is that the solar system according to the invention can be built from materials that can be completely recycled after their intended use.

[0060] A further advantage is that the solar system is easy to clean with fully automatic cleaning robots due to its modularity and simple geometry.

[0061] The drawings illustrating the invention show, without limiting it, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a section of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a section of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 6 is a perspective sectional view of an inventive Implementation of the solar system; Fig. 7 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 8 is a perspective sectional view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention; Fig. 9 shows a section through an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention with a flexible and / or thin-film panel and a compressible buoyancy body; Fig. 10 is a perspective sectional view of an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention with a flexible and / or thin-film panel and a compressible buoyancy body; Fig. 11 shows a section through an embodiment of the solar system according to the invention with a one-piece, partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body; Fig. 12 is a view of an embodiment of the transport and assembly system according to the invention during the unfolding process on a water surface; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the transport and assembly system according to the invention during movement by means of a crane system; Fig. 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the transport and assembly system according to the invention during the unfolding process on a water surface; Fig. 15 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a diving means according to the invention comprising a diving means designed as a winch; Fig. 16 is a perspective detailed view of an embodiment of a diving means according to the invention comprising a diving means designed as a winch, with the inspection cover removed; Fig. 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the solar system; Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a section of the underside of the solar system according to an embodiment; and Fig. 19 a perspective view of another section of the Solar system according to one embodiment.

[0062] A preferred embodiment of the invention, which represents a non-limiting example, is described in more detail below.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, a submersible solar system 1 is provided. The submersible solar system 1 can comprise a plurality of solar panels 16; a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body 41 with an incompressible portion 23, a reversibly compressible portion 24 and an air-conducting connection 25; a flexible connection 17 between the solar panels, preferably made of an elastomer; an electrical connection 18; a solar charge controller; a voltage converter; a cable net 2; a buoy 3; a submersible means 4 and an anchor 6. The reversibly compressible portion 24 can, for example, consist of an elastomer, in particular of silicone rubber with a wall thickness of 1 mm, and be designed such that complete compression occurs at a water depth of, for example, two meters. The submersible means 4 can be a steel cable 5; a submersible means 26 designed as a winch; an electric motor 28 and batteries 27.Instead of the steel cable 5, ropes or textiles made of fibers based on polymers with a high molecular mass of, for example, 10 can also be used. 6 mol g / mol or more, preferably ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene PE-UHMW) of 2 x 10 6 mol g / mol to 6 x 10 6 mol g / mol, can be used.

[0064] The described embodiment of the solar system 1 can comprise a plurality of solar panels 16, which are interconnected along the side and longitudinal edges by means of a flexible connection 17. The plurality of solar panels 16 can be connected to the cable net 2 in the edge region by means of fastening elements 15. The cable net 2 can comprise four catenary-shaped cables 13, which are preferably connected to four buoys 3, and a A plurality of suspension cables 14 connect the catenary-shaped cables 13 to the fastening elements 15. The cable network 2 ensures the even distribution of the force acting from the anchorage 6 and the submersible means 4 to the plurality of solar panels 16.

[0065] The buoys 3 at the corners of the solar array 1 may partly contain a reversibly compressible and partly an incompressible buoyancy body, whereby the buoyancy at the surface and at the desired diving depth can be predetermined by means of the calculation methods described above.

[0066] The diving device 4 can be flexibly connected to the buoy 3 and can, for example, consist of a diving device 26 designed as a conventional winch or standard winch for steel cables. A steel cable 5 in the described embodiment can be guided from the winch to a pulley near the anchor 6 and back to the winch, where it can be attached to its housing, preferably made of corrosion-resistant coated steel. This can form a simple pulley system that halves the forces on the winch. Furthermore, the winch and the steel cable can be easily replaced without the need for a diver.

[0067] The winch can be protected by a housing that can be open toward the waterbed 11, thus remaining dry, similar to a diving bell. The steel cable 5 can move freely through the opening. The air pressure in the winch system thus adapts to the prevailing ambient pressure, and no pressure load is exerted on the steel housing and the seal 29 of the inspection opening. The air volume in the steel housing can be calculated so that it can compress accordingly without electrical and electronic components coming into contact with water.

[0068] The winch 26 may include an electric motor 28, which can be powered by batteries 27, which in turn can be charged by solar panels. Control can be via sonar transponders or cable connections. Suitable systems are known to those skilled in the art. Control algorithms and electronic components are also well known to those skilled in the art.

[0069] In the case of sandy subsoil, anchoring 6 to the bottom of the water body 11 can be achieved using screw anchors. These and alternative anchoring methods for different subsoils are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0070] Solar system 1 can be equipped with all standard electrical connections required for proper functioning. These are well known to the expert.

[0071] The intended electrical connections 18 can be pre-installed at the factory so that, for example, as in the example shown in Fig. 14, only two commercially available waterproof plug connections (positive and negative) are required for each 180 standard panels 31 that fit in a 40-foot transport container. For this purpose, the panels can be mounted in a folded arrangement on a frame 30 at the factory and provided with suspension cables 32 and all necessary electrical connections 18. The panels can be wired in series and parallel according to the design layout of the solar system 1. Favorable arrangements are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0072] A flexible electrical connection 7 can extend from a solar system 1 according to the invention to a point held by a buoyancy body and an anchor. This point can preferably be located halfway between the water surface and the intended maximum depth of the solar system 1. From this point, a vertical electrical connection 8 can lead to the bottom of the water. From there, a ground line 9 can be routed to an inverter and a voltage converter, possibly even to land if the latter is not too far away. Suitable cables and technologies are familiar to experts from offshore wind projects and other renewable technologies on the open sea.

[0073] A frame 30 within the meaning of this invention is a static structure on which a plurality of solar panels can be arranged for the purpose of transport. The frame with the solar panels 31 arranged thereon can be adapted to be moved by a crane system 33. Preferably, a frame has one or more attachment points for attaching suspension cables 32.

[0074] A container within the meaning of this invention is a container adapted for transport into which the base frame with the solar panels mounted thereon can be placed and thus protected from damage during transport. The container can preferably be a 40-foot ISO container (40' open-top container).

[0075] Folding in the sense of this invention can be a folding of a flat object according to the principle of leprorello or zigzag folding.

[0076] The intended electrical cable connections within the meaning of this invention can include all cable connections necessary for the intended function of the solar system 1. These are well known to those skilled in the art. The plurality of solar panels 31 on the frame 30 can be brought directly from the container into a body of water by means of a crane system 33 and suspension cables 32 (Fig. 13), preferably directly from a ship. By utilizing the buoyancy of the panels, these subsequently unfolded with the aid of a horizontal force, e.g., with a traction cable 35 and a watercraft 36. The unfolded panels 34 then float on the water surface 12 (Figs. 12 and 14). The units of connected solar panels can then be connected to the pre-installed cable net and the adjacent units. The units can then be connected directly to a central solar charge controller on land or on a floating platform via electrical cables 7; 8; 9. From there, a voltage converter can provide the connection to the power grid. A large-scale solar system 1, e.g., with an output of more than one megawatt, can be constructed in a short time in this way.

[0077] Under suitable climatic conditions, solar array 1 can be operated on the water surface and generates electrical energy when solar radiation is sufficient. An anchoring system can hold solar array 1 in position.

[0078] In critical climatic conditions, particularly during high waves, the solar system 1 can be pulled toward the bottom of the water 11 by means of the submersible means 4, preferably comprising a winch 26, and the solar panels can float at a predetermined submersible depth 10. Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, a total depth of a body of water of thirty meters and a submersible depth 10 of the solar system 1 of twenty meters.

[0079] Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the detailed structure of individual solar panels with frames and buoyancy bodies of a preferred embodiment. A glass-glass solar panel 16 can, for example, be enclosed by an aluminum frame 20, which is clipped onto an aluminum buoyancy body in a force-fitting manner. On three sides of the solar panel, the buoyancy bodies 19 can be incompressible. On a fourth side of the solar panel, the buoyancy body can be partially compressible, with a compressible portion 24 being connected via an air-conducting connection 25. can be connected to the incompressible portion 23. If the solar module is moved toward the bottom of the water, the compressible portion 24 compresses completely at a predetermined water depth and the buoyancy force decreases to such an extent that the solar module can float in the water column.

[0080] A flexible connection 17 between the solar panels can, for example, consist of two aluminum parts, which can, for example, be inserted into grooves on the buoyancy bodies, and a central part, preferably made of an elastomer, for example silicone rubber, which is force-fitted to the aluminum parts.

[0081] According to a further embodiment, the buoyancy body can be a one-piece, partially compressible buoyancy body 37. An exemplary embodiment is shown in Fig. 11. A profile can be compressed by the increasing pressure until, for example, a central web touches the opposite side. After that, essentially no further compression can occur until the intended diving depth is reached.

[0082] According to yet another embodiment, the solar system 1 according to the invention, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, can comprise, for example, a flexible thin-film panel 39 and a flexible, reversibly compressible buoyancy body 40. Due to a low negative buoyancy force of the solar panel, the incompressible buoyancy body or its portion can be omitted, and the solar system 1 can still exhibit positive buoyancy at the surface and neutral buoyancy at the predetermined depth. A person skilled in the art can easily calculate this using the formulas presented above.

[0083] It is clear that new design variants can be combined from parts of the illustrated design variants. It is also clear that parts of the solar system 1 can be integrated into other parts of the solar system 1, such as a buoy in a dipping agent can be integrated.

[0084] According to a further embodiment, the solar system 1 according to the invention can be intended for use in the generation of energy.

[0085] Referring to Fig. 17, a perspective view of an embodiment of the solar system 1 is shown.

[0086] Corner connections 38 are provided with second incompressible buoyancy bodies designed as buoys 3. The buoys 3 are designed as elongated, particularly cylindrical, floating bodies, with the longitudinal ends of each buoy 3 being connected to corners of the cable net. This provides improved, particularly uniform, buoyancy for the solar system 1.

[0087] The corner connections 38 are each connected to an incompressible second buoyancy body as diving means 4 via connecting means designed as steel cables 5. Instead of steel cables 5, ropes or textiles made of fibers based on polymers with a high molecular mass of, for example, 106 mol g / mol or more, preferably ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene PE-UHMW) of 2 x 10 6 mol g / mol to 6 x 10 6 mol g / mol, can be used. The immersion medium 4 has a pump 52 with a line 54 that connects the immersion medium 4 to the water surface. The immersion medium 4 is designed, for example, as a hollow body made of a substantially incompressible material, e.g., aluminum or steel of suitable wall thickness, wherein the volume defined by the hollow body can be filled with water, air, or a water-air mixture to provide the desired buoyancy. Instead of a single immersion medium 4, several immersion media, e.g., 2, 3, or 4 immersion media 4, can be provided. The immersion media 4 can provide different volumes and be connected to at least one of the corner connections 38.

[0088] The steel cables 5 are further connected to the submersible means 4 via a pulley or deflection pulley 58 anchored to the waterbed. This allows for a redistribution of the force via the submersible means 4 to the other corner connections 38 in the event of a local force acting on one of the corner connections 38, for example, caused by a wave. This allows for local forces acting on the solar system 1, preferably local forces such as waves during rough seas, to be evenly distributed across the solar system 5, thus preventing damage. Furthermore, control electronics for evenly distributing the forces across the corner connections 38, which can be prone to failure and require high maintenance, can be eliminated.For example, a vertically upward force, in particular a wave, on one of the corner connections 38 generates a tensile force in the steel cable 5 connected thereto and pulls the diving means 4 downwards, thereby relieving the other steel cables 5 and the connected corner connections 38 and reducing stress peaks.

[0089] With further reference to Fig. 18, a perspective view of a section of an underside 60 of the solar system 1 according to one embodiment is shown. On the underside 60 of the solar system 1, two incompressible buoyancy bodies as second buoyancy bodies 62 and a partially reversibly compressible buoyancy body as first buoyancy body 64 are attached substantially symmetrically to each of the solar panels 16 shown. Flexible connections 17 connect the solar panels 16 to one another and to the (not shown, optional) frame 20. As mentioned above, the frame 20 is optional and can be omitted.

[0090] The first and second buoyancy bodies 62, 64 are tubular and adapted to allow the solar system 1 to float on a water surface 12. The Tubular design enables simple and cost-effective production from simple materials, e.g. aluminum of a suitable wall thickness, for the second buoyancy body 62.

[0091] The first buoyancy body 64, which provides a reversibly compressible air volume, is adapted to be compressed at a water depth of, for example, 2 m, thus providing a predetermined positive buoyancy that is lower than that at the water surface. The first buoyancy body 64 is designed not to be further compressed at greater water depths, for example, more than 2 m. The second buoyancy bodies 62, which provide a constant incompressible air volume, can only provide a low level of buoyancy such that the solar system 1 can be moved at and below this water depth by the submersible means 4 with reduced energy consumption.

[0092] Referring to Fig. 19, a further perspective view of a section of the solar system 1 according to an embodiment is shown. In the embodiment shown, the solar panels 16 are connected to one another via flexible connecting elements 17 in rows 70, 72, 74, 76, wherein the flexible Connecting elements 17, which are also arranged in a row 70', 72', 74', 78', are designed as rotating elements that alternately allow rotation in an opposite direction such that the rows 70, 72, 74, 76 can be arranged congruently according to a leprorello or zigzag fold. This can significantly simplify the transport and / or assembly or disassembly of the solar system 1, for example, the solar system 1 can be unfolded or folded on the water surface with little force or with the aid of a watercraft. For disassembly of the solar system 1, floats 80 can be temporarily attached to the connecting elements 17 of the rows 72', 76', etc., and weights 82 can be attached to the connecting elements 17 of the rows 70', 74', etc. With a suitable choice of the buoyancy forces of the Floating body 80 and weights 82 allow the solar system 1 to fold itself together, thus enabling simple and cost-effective dismantling.

[0093] A possible manufacturing method for a solar system 1 according to the invention is further described below. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that a solar system 1 according to the invention can also be obtained using other manufacturing methods.

[0094] A solar panel 16 can be laminated from five layers. The layers can be constructed as follows: 3mm tempered back glass; POE film; photovoltaic cells; POE film; 3mm tempered front glass.

[0095] The frame 20 and the incompressible portion of the partially compressible buoyancy body 23 can be manufactured from saltwater-resistant aluminum using an extrusion process. Suitable aluminum alloys are known to those skilled in the art. The corner connection 38 can be manufactured using an aluminum die-casting process. Watertightness and stability can be ensured with O-rings and spot welding, or alternatively, by complete welding. Suitable welding processes such as friction stir welding are known to those skilled in the art. For further stabilization, additional aluminum angles can be inserted into the frame 20, as is common with conventional framed solar panels and in facade construction. The solar panel 16 can be glued into the frame 20, for example, using silicone rubber.

[0096] The reversibly compressible part of the partially compressible buoyancy body can be made, for example, from polypropylene using an extrusion process. The ends can be sealed watertight using a thermowelding process. The air-conducting connection 25 between the two parts of the partially compressible buoyancy body can be made by an annular Snap connections with integrated O-rings can be manufactured. The relevant methods and designs are familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0097] A flexible connection 17 between the panels can consist of two die-cast aluminum parts, which are overmolded in the center with elastic silicone rubber using an injection-molded process. The geometry of the aluminum part can be adapted so that it can be inserted and clipped into the groove in the frame profile. Alternative fastening methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0098] A fastening element 15 can also be manufactured using the aluminum die-casting process. The geometry can also be adapted so that it can be inserted and clipped into the groove in the frame profile.

[0099] The required electrical connections 18 can be implemented using saltwater-resistant cables. The junction box 22 containing the electrical connections can be sealed with saltwater-resistant casting compound. Suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art.

[0100] A rope net 2 can be made from suitable ropes, preferably made of synthetic fibers. The methods and materials are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0101] A buoy at the corner of solar array 1 can be a simple steel structure. It can contain partially compressible and partially incompressible buoyancy bodies, allowing the buoyancy at the surface and at depth to be predetermined using the calculation methods described above.

[0102] A compressible buoyancy body in the sense of this invention can always be produced using an air space that is open at the bottom, similar to the principle of the diving bell.

[0103] A diving device 4 can be designed as a winch system and can be flexibly attached to the buoy using cables. It can consist of a standard winch for steel cables with a steel housing for protection. The steel housing can be open towards the waterbed and thus remain dry. The air pressure in the winch system can thus adapt to the ambient pressure. The winch system can be operated using rechargeable batteries 27, e.g., LiFePo batteries, which can be charged by the solar panels 16. Control can be via sonar transponders or cable connections. Suitable systems are known to those skilled in the art. Control algorithms and electronic components are also well known to those skilled in the art.

[0104] Anchoring 6 to the waterbed can be achieved using screw anchors in the case of sandy subsoil. These and alternative anchoring methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0105] All materials can preferably be selected so that they can be fully recycled after the planned period of use.

[0106] Cleaning dirt and algae growth from the top of solar panels can be done manually or with commercially available semi- or fully-automatic cleaning robots for solar panels. For example, semi- or fully-automatic cleaning robots for swimming pools can also be used. These cleaning robots can be powered by batteries, which can in turn be charged with solar power.

[0107] Algae, pox, and mussel growth is to be expected on the underside of the solar panels and the buoyancy bodies, which can lead to a reduction in buoyancy in the long term. This growth cannot, preferably, be removed. Small subsequent The calculated ideal buoyancy behavior can be restored by attaching a buoyancy body and the need for periodic cleaning of the underside of the solar panels can be eliminated.

[0108] The present disclosure further includes the following examples: Example 1 . Disclosed is a submersible solar system, comprising: a solar panel; at least one buoyancy body connected to the solar panel; wherein the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy body have a positive buoyancy at a water surface of a body of water; and a diving means adapted to apply a negative buoyancy force to the submersible solar system; wherein the at least one buoyancy body has a first buoyancy body that is at least partially reversibly compressible. Example 2. Preferably, the at least one buoyancy body comprises an incompressible second buoyancy body. Example 3. Preferably, the at least one buoyancy body forms a frame structure that at least partially surrounds the solar panel. Example 4. Preferably, the solar panel comprises a plurality of solar panels and flexible connecting elements, wherein the plurality of solar panels are interconnected via the flexible connecting elements. Example 5. Preferably, the at least one buoyancy body is designed as a flexible connecting element. Example 6. Preferably, the plurality of solar panels is arranged in a plurality of rows, wherein the plurality of rows comprise a first row and an adjacent second row, wherein flexible connecting elements arranged between the first row and the second row have a pivot joint such that the second row can be brought onto the first row substantially congruently. Example 6. Preferably, the solar system comprises a Connecting means, e.g. a rope net, which is connected to the at least one buoyancy body and the diving means. Example 7. Preferably, a force exerted by the diving means acts on the at least one buoyancy body substantially uniformly. Example 8. Preferably, the submersible means comprises a traction system; wherein the traction system is attached to the at least one buoyancy body at several, e.g., four or more, attachment points, wherein the traction system is adapted to pull the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy body to a predetermined diving depth. Example 9. Preferably, the traction system has an anchorage which is attached to a subsoil of the water body. Example 10. Preferably, the traction system comprises at least one incompressible buoyancy body, a plurality of connecting means and at least one roller, wherein the plurality of connecting means are guided over the at least one roller, wherein the plurality of connecting means each connect one of the plurality of attachment points to at least one of the at least one incompressible buoyancy body, and optionally to a further one of the one or more attachment points, in such a way that a force acting on a specific attachment point and / or the incompressible buoyancy body can be distributed, preferably substantially evenly, to the further attachment points and / or the at least one incompressible buoyancy body. Example 11. Preferably, the at least one roller is attached to a substrate of the water body. Example 12. Disclosed is a use of the present submersible solar system for generating electrical energy. Example 13. Disclosed is a transport system for the present submersible solar system, comprising a container; and a plurality of solar panels; wherein the plurality of solar panels are interconnected via flexible connecting elements, wherein the flexible connecting elements are adapted to transport the plurality of To reversibly convert solar panels from a flat first state into a folded second state, wherein in the second state at least several of the plurality of solar panels are positioned one above the other in such a way that it is possible to accommodate the plurality of solar panels in the container. Example 14. Preferably, the transport system comprises a frame connected to the plurality of solar panels such that the plurality of solar panels can be transferred from the second state to the first state or from the first state to the second state by applying a force to the frame. Example 15. Disclosed is a use of the present transport system for transporting the present submersible solar system.

Claims

Claims 1. A submersible solar system (1), comprising: a solar panel (16); at least one buoyancy body (21) connected to the solar panel; wherein the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy body have a positive buoyancy on a water surface of a body of water (12); and a diving means (4, 26) adapted to apply a negative buoyancy force to the submersible solar system; wherein the at least one buoyancy body has a first buoyancy body that is at least partially reversibly compressible.

2. Submersible solar system according to claim 1; wherein the at least one buoyancy body comprises an incompressible second buoyancy body (19).

3. Submersible solar system according to one of the preceding claims; wherein the at least one buoyancy body forms a frame structure that at least partially surrounds the solar panel.

4. Submersible solar system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of solar panels (16) and flexible connecting elements (17), wherein the plurality of solar panels are interconnected via the flexible connecting elements, 5. Submersible solar system according to claim 4, wherein the at least one buoyancy body is designed as a flexible connecting element.

6. Submersible solar system according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the plurality of solar panels are arranged in several rows, wherein the plurality of rows comprise a first row and an adjacent second row, wherein flexible connecting elements arranged between the first row and the second row have a pivot joint such that the second row can be brought onto the first row in a substantially congruent manner.

7. Submersible solar system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a connecting means, for example a cable net (2), which is connected to the at least one buoyancy body and the submersible means.

8. Submersible solar system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a force exerted by the submersible means acts substantially uniformly on the at least one buoyancy body.

9. A submersible solar system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the submersible means (4) comprises a traction system; wherein the traction system is attached to the at least one buoyancy body at several, e.g., four or more, attachment points, wherein the traction system is adapted to pull the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy body to a predetermined submerged depth (10).

10. Submersible solar system according to claim 9, wherein the traction system comprises an anchor (6) which is attached to a subsoil of the body of water.

11. Submersible solar system according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the traction system comprises at least one incompressible buoyancy body, a plurality of connecting means and at least one roller over which the plurality of connecting means are guided, wherein the plurality of connecting means each connect one of the plurality of fastening points to at least one of the at least one incompressible buoyancy body, and optionally to another of the one or several attachment points, in such a way that a force acting on a specific attachment point and / or the incompressible buoyancy body can be distributed to the further attachment points and / or the at least one incompressible buoyancy body, preferably wherein the at least one roller is attached to a subsurface of the body of water.

12. Use of the submersible solar system according to one of claims 1-11 for generating electrical energy.

13. Transport system for a submersible solar system according to one of claims 1-11, comprising a container; and a plurality of solar panels (16); wherein the plurality of solar panels are connected to one another via flexible connecting elements (17), wherein the flexible connecting elements are adapted to reversibly transfer the plurality of solar panels from a flat first state to a folded second state, wherein in the second state at least several of the plurality of solar panels are positioned one above the other in such a way that the plurality of solar panels can be accommodated in the container.

14. Transport system for a submersible solar system according to claim 13, comprising a frame (30) which is connected to the plurality of solar panels in such a way that the plurality of solar panels can be transferred from the second state to the first state or from the first state to the second state by a force acting on the frame.

15. Use of the transport system according to one of claims 13 or 14 for transporting a submersible solar system according to one of claims 1-11.

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