Method for laying photovoltaic modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of a flat photovoltaic plant

Abstract

The application discloses a complete installation method of a single-axis tracking photovoltaic module on a flat photovoltaic power plant support, which comprises the following steps: firstly, assembling photovoltaic modules according to the length of a single rotating shaft to form a photovoltaic module string; secondly, transferring the photovoltaic module string from the ground to a transport operation vehicle through a paving loading and unloading operation device installed on the transport operation vehicle, stacking the photovoltaic module string on the transport operation vehicle in sequence, and transporting the photovoltaic module string to the photovoltaic power plant; and thirdly, pushing the photovoltaic module string to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of the photovoltaic power plant through the same paving loading and unloading operation device to realize the mechanized installation of the photovoltaic module. The paving loading and unloading operation device is used to load the photovoltaic module string from an assembly workshop to a transport vehicle, and then to push the photovoltaic module string to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of the photovoltaic power plant through the paving loading and unloading operation device after the photovoltaic module string is transported to the photovoltaic power plant, so that the mechanized installation of the photovoltaic module string is realized, the operation efficiency is greatly improved, and the operation labor intensity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for installing photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic power plant, particularly a method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat-land photovoltaic power plant. This method for installing photovoltaic modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat-land photovoltaic power plant can mechanically install photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column in a single operation; it belongs to the field of automated installation technology for photovoltaic power plants. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the vigorous promotion of clean energy, flatland photovoltaic (PV) power generation has also experienced rapid development. PV power generation is a photoelectric conversion technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface. PV power generation mainly consists of three parts: solar panels (modules), controllers, and inverters, with the main components being electronic devices. Solar cells are connected in series and then encapsulated for protection to form large-area solar cell modules. These modules, along with power controllers and other components, form a PV power generation device. Among these, solar panels (modules) are the most basic components. Solar panels (modules) are typically installed on different mounting frames depending on the application scenario, forming a PV field. PV fields can be on land or water, and can be large or small. Industrially applied PV power plants are typically megawatt-level or larger, and a 1MW system requires approximately 2000-3000 PV modules. However, constructing a PV power plant... Power plants are typically built to capacity of hundreds of megawatts. A 100MW photovoltaic power plant has approximately 200,000 to 300,000 photovoltaic modules, and a 1000MW plant, abbreviated as 1GW (1 gigawatt), has approximately 1.5 million to 2 million photovoltaic modules. Therefore, building a photovoltaic plant requires assembling so many photovoltaic modules on-site, which is an extremely large workload. Currently, the installation of photovoltaic modules relies on manual labor to install them one by one on-site, and cranes and transport vehicles are required for the installation work. You can imagine how much work this involves. During their work installing photovoltaic (PV) modules at photovoltaic (PV) power plants, researchers discovered that the installation of PV modules in existing PV power plants is indeed an extremely labor-intensive task. PV power plants on flat land, typically using single-axis tracking PV brackets to install PV modules, are generally gigawatt-scale or larger, requiring approximately 2 million PV modules. Such a massive installation volume, relying entirely on manual labor, even with the assistance of cranes and transport vehicles, remains both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, PV power plants on flat land are often located in uninhabited deserts or Gobi areas, constantly exposed to scorching sun, making prolonged operation prone to heatstroke among workers. Therefore, the installation of PV modules is not only extremely labor-intensive but also involves very harsh working conditions, urgently requiring improvement.

[0003] After searching, although some literature reports on photovoltaic (PV) module installation were found, and PV module installation involves combining multiple PV modules to form a single PV module, careful reading revealed that these reports only refer to assembling multiple PV panels into a larger assembly. However, the installation of such assemblies, when large enough, requires crane assistance, necessitating the simultaneous operation of multiple work vehicles. Furthermore, the placement of the modules onto the single-axis tracking PV support still relies on manual labor, installing them one group at a time. Therefore, the labor intensity remains very high. Thus, how to reduce the labor intensity of PV module installation in large-scale PV power plants, especially for the installation of PV modules on single-axis tracking PV support in flat-ground PV power plants where module angle adjustments are required, and how to improve efficiency, are problems that need to be solved for the promotion of terrestrial PV power plants.

[0004] A patent search revealed no relevant patent technology reports. The closest patent documents are as follows:

[0005] 1. Chinese patent application CN202310591161.1 discloses a photovoltaic module mounting assembly and its installation method. Specifically, the photovoltaic module mounting assembly and its installation method include an inner support frame, with top support fasteners fixed at both ends of the inner support frame, and an overlapping buckle plate fixed on the bottom surface of the inner support frame. Clamping components are provided on the two parallel side plates of the overlapping buckle plate, and a blocking component is provided on the surface of the overlapping buckle plate. Moving the blocking component limits the clamping component.

[0006] 2. Patent application CN202310479897.X, entitled "Installation Method and Device for Photovoltaic Modules", discloses an installation method and device for photovoltaic modules. The installation method includes automatically selecting an installation mode based on installation conditions, whereby the installation device places the photovoltaic module on a mounting bracket at the installation station; tilting the photovoltaic module using the installation device to allow the installation device to adsorb the photovoltaic module; the installation device adsorbing, moving, and placing the photovoltaic module onto the corresponding mounting bracket based on the selected installation mode; and securing the photovoltaic module to the mounting bracket.

[0007] 3. The invention patent with patent number CN202211560684.1 and title "A photovoltaic module, photovoltaic system and installation method" discloses a photovoltaic module, photovoltaic system and installation method, including a support frame and a photovoltaic module body, a front lock head and a rear lock body fixed on the support frame, a sliding clamp and a slide rail cooperating with the sliding clamp. The slide rail is connected between the upper and lower crossbeams of the photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module body is slidably installed on the slide rail through the sliding clamp. During the installation process, the photovoltaic module is assisted in lifting by an auxiliary lifting device, and the photovoltaic module is automatically slidably installed on the slide rail by the auxiliary lifting device to form a row of photovoltaic modules. Finally, a whole surface of photovoltaic modules is formed between the upper and lower crossbeams.

[0008] Based on the descriptions of the above patents, it can be seen that although they all involve the installation of photovoltaic modules, and CN202310479897.X proposes to use an auxiliary working arm for installation, it is still necessary to transport the photovoltaic modules to the site by a transport vehicle, then have a crane lift them onto the installation device, and then have the installation device install them. Therefore, the problems mentioned above still exist and need to be further studied. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses a series of problems existing in the installation of photovoltaic modules in current large-scale photovoltaic power plants. It proposes a method for installing photovoltaic modules on single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets in flat photovoltaic power plants without the need for on-site crane assistance, and can be carried out directly by transport vehicles. This photovoltaic module installation method can not only integrate photovoltaic modules to the greatest extent possible, but also eliminate the need for crane assistance, greatly improving work efficiency and reducing the labor intensity of installation work.

[0010] To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a method for the assembly of photovoltaic modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat photovoltaic power plant. First, the photovoltaic modules are assembled according to the length of a single rotating shaft to form a photovoltaic string. Then, a paving and unloading device installed on a transport vehicle is used to transfer the photovoltaic string from the ground to the transport vehicle, where it is stacked in sequence and transported to the photovoltaic power plant. Finally, the same paving and unloading device is used to push the photovoltaic string onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in the photovoltaic power plant, thus realizing the mechanized assembly and installation of photovoltaic modules.

[0011] Furthermore, the assembly of photovoltaic modules in a modular manner involves pre-assembling the photovoltaic modules, U-shaped purlins, U-shaped pipe clamps, drive shafts, and support bearings into a single unit within the photovoltaic assembly workshop, according to the standard of one shaft length, to form a photovoltaic string, which is then transported and installed by transport vehicles.

[0012] Furthermore, the paving and unloading operation device includes a photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism, a photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism, and photovoltaic string clamps; the photovoltaic string clamps are used to clamp the photovoltaic strings during the entire loading, unloading, transfer, and paving operation of the photovoltaic strings, so as to facilitate the overall loading, unloading, handling, and installation of the photovoltaic strings; the photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism is used to remove the photovoltaic strings from the assembly frame and transfer them to the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle, and then, after the transport vehicle arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the photovoltaic strings are transferred from the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column for paving; the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is used to temporarily store the photovoltaic strings on the transport vehicle; the paving and unloading operation device is installed on the transport vehicle and travels with the transport vehicle.

[0013] Furthermore, the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is a bottom-in, bottom-out three-dimensional storage mechanism for photovoltaic strings. The photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is equipped with a three-dimensional synchronous storage device. After the photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism transfers the photovoltaic strings to the transport vehicle, the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings are moved to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. The three-dimensional synchronous storage device lifts the photovoltaic string clamps and performs stacking storage layer by layer from bottom to top, achieving three-dimensional storage of the photovoltaic strings. After the transport vehicle arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism moves the photovoltaic strings out from the bottom layer by layer in reverse.

[0014] Furthermore, the photovoltaic string clamp is a movable constant force clamp; the photovoltaic string clamp includes an external frame with a gripper hook, a gripper, and a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is installed below the gripper, and the shape of the gripper matches the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string; the gripper has a split structure, including a constant force gripper and a movable gripper. The movable gripper moves through the locking mechanism to open or clamp the polygonal outer edge of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string; the constant force gripper ensures a constant locking torque. The bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp is equipped with universal casters, which cooperate with the telescopic arm to move on the moving track of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism to realize the transfer of the photovoltaic string.

[0015] Furthermore, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism is a multi-section telescopic moving rod; the multi-section telescopic moving rod is nested together to form a telescopic working arm; and a track is provided on the upper surface of the multi-section telescopic moving rod for the movement of the photovoltaic string clamping wheels.

[0016] Furthermore, the paving and unloading operation device consists of two sets, namely, two sets of photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanisms and photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanisms are respectively set at the front and rear of the transport vehicle, and connected in the middle by a retractable connecting rod; the distance between the front and rear of the paving frame is adjusted according to the length of the drive shaft to achieve free adjustment of the spacing, ensuring that the retractable operating arms of the two paving and unloading operation devices can be aligned with both ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string when the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the photovoltaic string, so that the photovoltaic string clamp can clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string.

[0017] Furthermore, the process of transferring the photovoltaic strings from the ground to the transport vehicle involves placing the assembled photovoltaic strings on a frame, then driving the transport vehicle equipped with the paving and unloading device to the frame. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism of the paving and unloading device, in conjunction with the photovoltaic string clamps, removes the photovoltaic strings from the frame and transfers them to the transport vehicle. Specifically, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism first moves the photovoltaic string clamps under the photovoltaic string drive shaft, then moves the photovoltaic string clamps to clamp both ends of the drive shaft, and finally moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the transport vehicle.

[0018] Furthermore, when the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism moves the photovoltaic string clamp under the photovoltaic string, the photovoltaic string clamp is first placed at the end of the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism. Then, by moving the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string. Then, by the lifting mechanism at the end of the working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is raised to the bottom of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string, and the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp are positioned at both ends of the drive shaft, so that the grippers can clamp the drive shaft. The moving of the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string is achieved by using the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string from both ends.

[0019] Furthermore, the sequential stacking on the transport vehicle involves the photovoltaic strings being transferred to the transport vehicle by the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, and then further transferred by the same mechanism to the bottom of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. The photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings are then lifted by the lifting device of the loading and unloading mechanism to the bottom entrance of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device of the three-dimensional storage mechanism. The three-dimensional synchronous storage device then grabs the photovoltaic string clamps from both sides and moves them upwards synchronously. At predetermined intervals, it grabs another layer of photovoltaic string clamps and moves them upwards synchronously together with the clamps above, thus achieving three-dimensional stacking of photovoltaic strings from bottom to top on the transport vehicle.

[0020] Furthermore, the process of pushing the photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of the photovoltaic power plant using the same paving and unloading device involves the following steps: After the transport vehicle delivers the paving and unloading device carrying the photovoltaic strings to the photovoltaic power plant, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device places the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism layer by layer from the bottom. Then, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings parallel to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column, opens the photovoltaic string clamps, lowers the photovoltaic strings, and performs the installation operation on the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column.

[0021] The operating procedure of this invention is as follows:

[0022] S1) Assemble photovoltaic strings in the photovoltaic module assembly workshop;

[0023] S2) Drive the transport vehicle equipped with the paving and unloading equipment to the assembled photovoltaic string;

[0024] S3) Move the lifting platform at the outermost end of the telescopic boom of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism to directly below the drive shaft;

[0025] S4) Start the photovoltaic string clamp so that the clamping jaws of the photovoltaic string clamp clamp the drive shaft from both sides;

[0026] S5) Lift up the photovoltaic string clamp holding the photovoltaic string and detach it from the assembly bracket;

[0027] S6) Remove the photovoltaic strings using a photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism;

[0028] S7) Photovoltaic strings are stored in a three-dimensional synchronous storage device by using a photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism in conjunction with a three-dimensional synchronous storage device;

[0029] S8) Transporting photovoltaic strings to the photovoltaic power plant using transport vehicles;

[0030] S9) The photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism and the three-dimensional synchronous storage device are used to unload the photovoltaic strings stored on the transport vehicle in a three-dimensional manner.

[0031] S10) The photovoltaic string is installed onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column using the photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism.

[0032] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are:

[0033] This invention involves installing a paving and loading / unloading device on a transport vehicle. In the photovoltaic assembly workshop, the photovoltaic strings are assembled according to their single-axis length. The paving and loading / unloading device then directly removes the photovoltaic strings from the assembly frame and loads them onto the transport vehicle in a three-dimensional storage manner. Upon arrival at the photovoltaic power plant, the paving and loading / unloading device then removes the photovoltaic strings one by one from the transport vehicle and directly installs them onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column. This invention offers the following advantages:

[0034] 1. This invention uses a transport vehicle equipped with a paving and loading / unloading device to directly load, unload, and transport photovoltaic strings, as well as perform on-site installation work; achieving a three-in-one function, greatly reducing the number of installation personnel and equipment.

[0035] 2. According to the standard of the length of one drive shaft between single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets, the photovoltaic modules are reassembled into photovoltaic strings in the assembly workshop in advance to form standard modules. This not only facilitates loading and unloading operations, but also greatly reduces the time spent on-site and improves the efficiency of on-site operations.

[0036] 3. This invention directly mounts the paving and unloading device onto the transport vehicle, and the photovoltaic strings are loaded and unloaded directly through the paving and unloading device, eliminating the need for crane assistance. This greatly reduces reliance on crane operations and lowers operating costs. Previously, cranes were used to first lift the photovoltaic modules onto the transport vehicle in a dispersed manner. After arriving at the photovoltaic power plant, the cranes were then used to lift the photovoltaic modules one by one from top to bottom onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column, and then the installation was done manually, requiring multiple crane operations.

[0037] 4. This invention adopts a bottom-up stacking method, with bottom-in and bottom-out, and allows for direct three-dimensional temporary storage on transport vehicles. This method has a high vehicle space utilization rate and can realize three-dimensional storage of multiple photovoltaic strings, thereby improving transportation efficiency.

[0038] 5. This invention uses a telescopic arm structure in conjunction with a moving clamping device to directly move the photovoltaic string to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device or the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column. This can effectively realize the mechanized loading and unloading of the photovoltaic string by translation, without the need for crane operation; it can greatly save the amount of manual labor required for laying.

[0039] 6. This invention aims to improve work efficiency and the working environment for workers. It features semi-automatic loading and unloading and paving, requiring only a small amount of manual assistance (loading and paving are expected to require 3 people, including the flatbed truck driver). Compared with conventional operations, it can greatly reduce labor intensity and increase labor efficiency by 3-5 times.

[0040] 7. Enables factory assembly of photovoltaic modules and on-site manual assistance for batch installation. Reduces the time workers are exposed to direct sunlight, improving their working environment.

[0041] 8. This invention uses a photovoltaic string clamp to directly hold the drive shaft, so that construction personnel and equipment never come into direct contact with the photovoltaic modules, reducing the risk of microcracks in the photovoltaic modules due to installation.

[0042] 9. This invention adopts a bottom-in, bottom-out approach, with all operations completed on the ground. No hoisting machinery is required, and construction personnel do not need to work at heights, ensuring the safety of the entire operation process. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation of the photovoltaic string and the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic string layout of the photovoltaic power plant of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support structure of the photovoltaic power plant of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transport vehicle of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transport vehicle of the present invention being loaded in the assembly workshop;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the photovoltaic string clamp of the present invention on the lifting platform;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic string clamp of the present invention being lifted to the side of the drive shaft on the lifting platform;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the photovoltaic string clamp of the present invention moving on a multi-section working arm;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic string clamp of the present invention being moved under the three-dimensional storage device;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram below showing the photovoltaic string clamp of the present invention being lifted by the lifting device and synchronously rotated by the three-dimensional storage device.

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading of the transport vehicle according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The researchers of this invention studied the problems existing in the installation of photovoltaic modules. They found that while there are many reasons for these problems, a significant one is the lack of dedicated equipment to complete the entire process of loading, unloading, transportation, and on-site installation. Therefore, the operation requires the use of various equipment such as cranes and transport vehicles. Transportation requires vehicles, and loading the photovoltaic modules from the warehouse onto these vehicles requires crane lifting, with personnel monitoring to prevent collisions. Upon arrival at the photovoltaic power plant, the crane needs to unload the modules from the vehicles and then lift them onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support columns, again requiring personnel monitoring. The more equipment involved, the more manpower is needed. Furthermore, since these devices lack specialized operating capabilities, many people are required to assist, naturally increasing labor costs, time, and efficiency. Therefore, proposing a specialized operating device or equipment is a worthy area of ​​research.

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example 1

[0056] A method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support frame in a flat-land photovoltaic power plant, the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support frame for the flat-land photovoltaic power plant is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a photovoltaic module mounting component 3 is provided on the column 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket, and the rotation shaft 4 of the photovoltaic module 1 is installed inside the photovoltaic module mounting component 3 of the column 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket; the rotation shaft 4 is a polygonal hollow shaft, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, the rotating shaft 4 is fitted onto the bushing 5 of the photovoltaic module mounting component 3 and is driven to rotate by the drive device 6 to achieve photovoltaic tracking. The photovoltaic module mounting component 3 is fixed to the column 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket by fasteners 7.

[0057] The photovoltaic module installation is as follows:

[0058] First, the photovoltaic modules and accessories are assembled in the assembly workshop according to the standard module length of one drive shaft to form a photovoltaic string 8, and the photovoltaic string 8 is placed on the assembly bracket 9. Then, the transport vehicle 11 equipped with the paving and unloading operation device 10 is driven to the side of the assembly bracket, and the photovoltaic string clamp 14 of the paving and unloading operation device 10 is used to clamp the photovoltaic string 8. Then, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism 12 of the paving and unloading operation device 10 is used to remove the photovoltaic string 8 from the assembly bracket 9 and transfer it to the three-dimensional storage of the paving and unloading operation device 10. At the bottom of the storage device 13, the photovoltaic (PV) modules are stacked vertically from bottom to top using the three-dimensional storage device 13 and then locked in place. Then, the transport vehicle 11 carrying the PV modules is driven to the PV power plant. Using the loading and unloading device 10, the PV modules are removed layer by layer from the bottom of the storage device 13. The PV module loading and unloading mechanism 12 of the loading and unloading device 10 then reverses the process, pushing the PV modules onto the columns 2 of the single-axis tracking PV support in the PV power plant, thus achieving mechanized installation of the PV modules. This method of installing PV modules on a single-axis tracking PV support in a flat-ground PV power plant can be used for PV module installation in PV power plants of 1GW (1 gigawatt) or larger, where single-axis tracking PV supports are used.

[0059] The entire photovoltaic module installation procedure in this embodiment is as follows:

[0060] S1) Assemble photovoltaic strings in the photovoltaic module storage area; assemble the photovoltaic modules, U-shaped purlins, U-shaped pipe clamps, drive shafts, and support bearings into a standard photovoltaic string module according to the standard length of one drive shaft on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a photovoltaic power plant, forming a modular photovoltaic string 8. This way, both ends of the drive shaft 4 are exposed, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown, the assembled photovoltaic strings are placed on the combined support 9 in the storage area, so that the exposed parts at both ends of the drive shaft are secured to the combined support 9. This fully utilizes the exposed parts at both ends of the drive shaft to form clamping points, allowing for overall loading, unloading, transportation, and installation operations. This can significantly reduce the workload at the photovoltaic power plant site and also facilitate transportation and installation operations by transport vehicles. It is important that the assembled photovoltaic strings conform to uniform template specifications to facilitate the operation and storage of the installation and unloading equipment.

[0061] S2) The transport vehicle 11 equipped with the paving and unloading device 10 is driven to the side of the combined support 9 where the assembled photovoltaic strings are placed; the transport vehicle is equipped with the paving and unloading device, which includes a photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism 13, a photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12, and a photovoltaic string clamp 14. Both the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism 13 and the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 are two sets of components installed at the front and rear ends of the transport vehicle platform, and the two sets of components operate synchronously; paving and unloading... The working device 10 must be installed on a transport vehicle with a cargo box length of not less than 12 meters and a cargo box height of not more than 1 meter, in order to meet the requirement of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of the photovoltaic power plant for the length of one shaft of the drive shaft; and after the transport vehicle 11 arrives at the assembled photovoltaic string and places it at the combined support 9, the front and rear two multi-section telescopic working arms 15 in the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 of the paving and unloading working device 10 must be parked facing the direction of the combined support, and the distance between the edge of the transport vehicle's flat plate and the center of the combined support shall not exceed 2.5 meters;

[0062] S3) Move the outermost lifting platform 16 of the multi-section telescopic boom 15 of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism directly below the drive shaft 4; a lifting device is connected to the outermost end of the multi-section telescopic boom 15, the lifting device including a lifting platform frame 21, a lifting screw 17 and a lifting platform 16; the lifting platform 16 is installed on top of the lifting screw; lower the lifting screw 17 on the outermost lifting platform 16 of the multi-section telescopic boom 15 of the two sets of photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanisms at the front and rear of the vehicle to the lowest height, so that the two photovoltaic string clamps 14 are placed on the two lifting platforms 16 respectively; then start the multi-section telescopic boom 15 so that the lifting platform 16 sits on the lifting platform frame 21; the multi-section telescopic boom 15 extends until the photovoltaic string clamp 14 is moved directly below the end of the drive shaft 4 supported by the combined bracket 9, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown; this process requires manual assistance to adjust the length and horizontal swing of the multi-section telescopic boom 15 to ensure the correct position of the photovoltaic string clamp 14; then, the lifting screw 17 of the lifting platform 16 is activated to lift the photovoltaic string clamp 14 to the front and rear of the exposed part at the end of the drive shaft 4, so that the grippers 18 of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 are facing the drive shaft 4 from both sides, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown;

[0063] S4) Activate the photovoltaic string clamp 14 so that the grippers 18 of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 clamp the two ends of the exposed end of the drive shaft 4 from both sides; activate the locking mechanism 21 of the photovoltaic string clamp 14, and through the locking screw 19 of the locking mechanism 21, the grippers 18 of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 clamp the drive shaft 4 from both sides; the photovoltaic string clamp 14 is a movable constant force clamp; the photovoltaic string clamp 14 includes an external frame 20 with hooks, grippers 18 and locking screw 19, the locking screw 19 is installed below the grippers 18, and the shape of the grippers is similar to that of the drive shaft 4 of the photovoltaic string. The clamping jaws 18 are a split structure, including a constant force jaw 22 and a movable jaw 23. The movable jaw 23 is rotated by the locking screw 19 of the locking mechanism 21, which drives the movable jaw 23 to move, opening or clamping the polygonal outer edge of the drive shaft 4 of the photovoltaic string. The constant force jaw 22 ensures a constant locking torque and is an elastic jaw. When the clamping jaws 18 of the photovoltaic string clamp clamp the drive shaft from both sides, the movable jaw 23 clamps the drive shaft 4. The shape of the constant force jaw 22 and the movable jaw 23 is determined according to the shape of the drive shaft and is a polygonal structure to clamp the drive shaft, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown; in this embodiment, it is an octagonal gripper;

[0064] S5) Lift up the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string and detach it from the combined bracket 9; after clamping the drive shaft, further activate the lifting screw 17 of the lifting platform to lift up the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string until the bottom of the drive shaft 4 is higher than the limit of the combined bracket 9 and detaches from the combined bracket 9.

[0065] S6) The photovoltaic string 8 is removed using the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12; after the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string is lifted and detached from the combined support, the multi-section telescopic working arm 15 is retracted, and during the retraction process, the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string 8 is moved into the platform of the transport vehicle 11, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 7 , 8As shown in Figure 9; when the drive shaft 4 is completely disengaged from the limiting block of the combined bracket 9, the lifting screw 17 of the lifting platform 16 is reversed, lowering the lifting platform 16 until the bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 is flush with the top of the multi-section telescopic working arm 15; the bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 is equipped with universal casters 24, which move on the moving track 25 of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism in conjunction with the multi-section telescopic arm 15; after the lifting screw 17 of the lifting platform 16 descends, the multi-section telescopic arm 15 retracts, causing the casters 24 at the bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 to approach the moving track 25 on the upper surface of the multi-section telescopic working arm 15 and touch the magnetic suction telescopic working arm 26; the magnetic suction telescopic working arm 26 drives the photovoltaic string clamp 14, and further retracts with the multi-section telescopic working arm 15, causing the casters 24 at the bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 to move on the multi-section telescopic working arm 15. The telescopic boom 15 moves along the track on its upper surface into the platform 27 of the transport vehicle until it reaches the middle position 28 of the bottom rising channel of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13. The multi-section telescopic boom 15 and / or the magnetic suction boom 26 are electric or hydraulic multi-section telescopic booms. The head of the magnetic suction boom 26 is a magnetic chuck with magnetic force. The magnetic chuck attracts the frame of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 and pulls the multi-section telescopic boom 15 back together, pulling a set of photovoltaic strings 8, together with the group of optical modules clamp 14, back to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13. This makes the bottom of the frame of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 exactly above the middle position 28 of the bottom rising channel of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13 above the storage lifting device 29, so that the storage lifting device 29 can lift the group of optical modules clamp 14.

[0066] S7) The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism is used in conjunction with the three-dimensional synchronous storage device to store the photovoltaic strings in a three-dimensional synchronous manner; a three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13 with a paving and loading / unloading device is set on the platform 27 of the transport vehicle 11, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4As shown; the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13 is composed of two sets of vertical synchronous drive storage devices 30. The two sets of vertical synchronous drive storage devices 30 are respectively set at the front and rear of the platform 27 of the transport vehicle 11, and the two sets of vertical synchronous drive storage devices 30 are also driven synchronously; the three-dimensional storage of photovoltaic strings is realized through the two sets of vertical synchronous drive storage devices 30 and the synchronous operation of each set of vertical synchronous drive storage devices. The vertically synchronized drive storage device 30 includes two upright plates 31, which are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the platform 27 of the transport vehicle and connected in the middle by an extendable connector to form a whole. A connecting plate 32 is provided on the top of each upright plate 31. One side of the connecting plate 32 is connected to the upright plate 31, and the other side is connected to a vertically synchronized device mounting plate 33 corresponding to the upright plate, forming a cantilever-like synchronized device mounting bracket. A synchronous drive belt 34 that operates synchronously vertically is installed on the upright plate 31 and the vertically synchronized device mounting plate 33, respectively. Synchronous storage hooks 35 are evenly and symmetrically spaced on the outer edges of the two synchronous drive belts 34. Each pair of synchronous storage hooks 35 can hold one photovoltaic string clamp 14 and drive the photovoltaic string clamp 14 to move synchronously up and down, realizing three-dimensional synchronous storage of the photovoltaic string clamp 14, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 9As shown. When the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 moves the photovoltaic string clamp 14 to the middle position 28 of the bottom rising channel of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13, the storage lifting device 29, which is set at the bottom middle of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13, lifts the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string and starts the two synchronous drive belts 34 of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device. The synchronous drive belts 34 are equipped with synchronous storage hooks 35. After the storage lifting device 29 lifts the photovoltaic string clamp 14 holding the photovoltaic string to below the synchronous rotating wheel 36 of the synchronous drive belt 34, the synchronous storage hooks 35 on the outer side of the synchronous drive belt 34 will hook the hanging ears 37 on both sides of the support frame of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 from both sides, and gradually move from bottom to top layer by layer, lifting one photovoltaic string at one storage position, realizing the vertical three-dimensional storage of the photovoltaic string. When the initial layer of photovoltaic strings reaches the top position of the synchronous rotating sprocket (generally six layers), the rotation of the synchronous drive belt 34 is stopped, and no more photovoltaic strings are added. The last layer of photovoltaic strings, along with the photovoltaic string clamps 14 that hold the photovoltaic strings, falls onto the track 25 of the multi-section telescopic working arm at the bottom center of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13. Then, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device and the multi-section telescopic working arm are locked, so that each layer of photovoltaic strings 8 and its photovoltaic string clamps 14 are in a fixed state for transportation. The synchronous drive belt 34 can be a sprocket-driven annular chain synchronous conveyor belt with synchronous storage hooks evenly spaced on the chain pins; or it can be a whole synchronous belt made of polymer composite material with hooks on the outside, with synchronous storage hooks evenly spaced on the back of the synchronous teeth of the synchronous belt.

[0067] S8) The photovoltaic strings are transported to the photovoltaic field of the photovoltaic power station by the transport operation vehicle; after the photovoltaic strings are installed on the transport operation vehicle 11 in the assembly workshop, all the photovoltaic strings installed on the transport operation vehicle 11 are first fixed to prevent the photovoltaic strings 8 and their photovoltaic string clamps 14 from shaking during transportation. After the photovoltaic strings 8 and their photovoltaic string clamps 14 are fixed, the transport operation vehicle 11 is started to transport the photovoltaic strings 8 and their photovoltaic string clamps 14, which are stored in a three-dimensional manner, to the photovoltaic field of the photovoltaic power station in a three-dimensional manner.

[0068] S9) The photovoltaic strings stored on the transport vehicle are unloaded using the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism and the three-dimensional synchronous storage device. After the transport vehicle 11 arrives at the photovoltaic field, the ports of the two multi-section telescopic arms 15 of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 on the transport vehicle 11 are aligned with the columns 2 of the two single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets. Then, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 and the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13 are used to unload the photovoltaic strings 8 stored on the transport vehicle 11. The unloading procedure of the photovoltaic strings 8 stored on the transport vehicle 11 is the reverse of the storage procedure. The photovoltaic strings stored in the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13 are taken out layer by layer from the bottom to the top. It should be noted that the distance between the longitudinal axis of the transport vehicle and the column line of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket is controlled within 3.5 meters, and the front and rear deviation from the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket does not exceed 1 meter.

[0069] S10) The photovoltaic string is installed onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket using the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism. After the transport vehicle 11 arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the ports of the two multi-section telescopic arms 15 of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12 on the transport vehicle 11 are aligned with the columns 2 of the two single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets, respectively. After being aligned with the columns 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets, the photovoltaic string 8 is taken out from the three-dimensional synchronous storage device 13. The photovoltaic string 8, together with the photovoltaic string clamp 14, is pushed by the magnetic telescopic arm 26. The clamp 14 is moved to the column 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket via the multi-section telescopic working arm 15 of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism 12. Then, it is lowered by the lifting screw 17 on the outermost lifting platform 16 of the multi-section telescopic working arm, so that the photovoltaic string 8 will be lowered together with the photovoltaic string clamp 14 until the drive shaft 4 lands on the column 2 of the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket. After the locking mechanism 19 of the photovoltaic string clamp 14 is released, the installation of the standard module photovoltaic string is completed by manual installation and fixing, that is, the installation of the entire single-axis photovoltaic module is completed.

[0070] The photovoltaic string clamp is used to clamp the photovoltaic strings during the entire loading, unloading, transfer, and installation process, so as to facilitate the overall loading, unloading, handling, and installation of the photovoltaic strings. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism is used to remove the photovoltaic strings from the photovoltaic string storage rack and deliver them to the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle. After the transport vehicle arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the photovoltaic strings are moved from the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle to the axis-tracking photovoltaic bracket for installation. The photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is used to temporarily store the photovoltaic strings on the transport vehicle.

[0071] The paving and unloading device is installed on the transport vehicle and travels with it.

[0072] The photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is a bottom-in, bottom-out three-dimensional storage mechanism for photovoltaic strings. The mechanism includes a three-dimensional synchronous storage device. After the photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanism transfers the photovoltaic strings to the transport vehicle, the photovoltaic string clamps holding the strings are moved to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device. The three-dimensional synchronous storage device then lifts the clamps and stacks the strings layer by layer from bottom to top, achieving three-dimensional storage of the photovoltaic strings. After the transport vehicle arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device removes the photovoltaic strings layer by layer from the bottom in reverse order.

[0073] The photovoltaic string clamp is a movable constant force clamp. It includes an external frame with hooks, grippers, and a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is installed below the grippers, and the gripper shape matches the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string. The grippers have a split structure, including a constant force gripper and a movable gripper. The movable gripper moves via the locking mechanism to open or clamp the octagonal outer edge of the photovoltaic string's drive shaft. The constant force gripper ensures a constant locking torque. The bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp is equipped with omnidirectional casters. These casters, in conjunction with the telescopic arm, move on the moving track of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism to achieve the transfer of the photovoltaic string.

[0074] The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism consists of multiple telescopic moving rods; the multiple telescopic moving rods are nested together to form a telescopic working arm; and a track is provided on the upper surface of the multiple telescopic moving rods for the moving wheels of the photovoltaic string clamps to move.

[0075] The aforementioned paving and unloading operation device consists of two sets, namely, two sets of photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanisms and photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanisms are respectively set at the front and rear of the transport vehicle, and connected in the middle by an extendable connecting rod; the distance between the front and rear of the paving frame is adjusted according to the length of the drive shaft to achieve free adjustment of the spacing, ensuring that the extendable working arms of the two paving and unloading operation devices can be aligned with both ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string when the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the photovoltaic string, so that the photovoltaic string clamp can clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string.

[0076] The process of transferring the photovoltaic strings from the ground to the transport vehicle involves placing the assembled photovoltaic strings on a frame, then driving the transport vehicle equipped with a paving and unloading device to the frame. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism of the paving and unloading device, in conjunction with the photovoltaic string clamps, removes the photovoltaic strings from the frame and transfers them to the transport vehicle. Specifically, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism first moves the photovoltaic string clamps under the photovoltaic string drive shaft, then moves the photovoltaic string clamps to clamp both ends of the drive shaft, and finally moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the transport vehicle.

[0077] When the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism moves the photovoltaic string clamp under the photovoltaic string, the photovoltaic string clamp is first placed at the end of the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism. Then, by moving the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string. Then, by the lifting mechanism at the end of the working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is raised to the bottom of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string, and the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp are positioned at both ends of the drive shaft, so that the grippers can clamp the drive shaft. The process of moving the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string is to use the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string from both ends.

[0078] The sequential stacking of photovoltaic strings on the transport vehicle involves the following steps: after the photovoltaic strings are transferred to the transport vehicle by the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, they are further transferred by the same mechanism to the bottom of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. The lifting device of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism raises the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings to the bottom entrance of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. Then, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device grabs the photovoltaic string clamps from both sides and moves them upward synchronously. At a predetermined interval, it grabs another layer of photovoltaic string clamps and moves them upward synchronously together with the clamps above, thus achieving three-dimensional stacking of photovoltaic strings from bottom to top on the transport vehicle.

[0079] The process of pushing photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket of the photovoltaic power plant using the same paving and unloading device involves the following steps: After the transport vehicle delivers the paving and unloading device carrying the photovoltaic strings to the photovoltaic panel installation site, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device places the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism layer by layer from the bottom. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism then moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket, opens the photovoltaic string clamps, lowers the photovoltaic strings, and installs them on the single-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket.

[0080] It should be noted that the above-listed embodiments are merely a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," and "middle" used in this specification are only for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the present invention. Simultaneously, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are:

[0082] This invention involves installing a paving and loading / unloading device on a transport vehicle. In the photovoltaic assembly workshop, the photovoltaic strings are assembled according to their single-axis length. The paving and loading / unloading device then directly removes the photovoltaic strings from the assembly frame and loads them onto the transport vehicle in a three-dimensional storage manner. Upon arrival at the photovoltaic power plant, the paving and loading / unloading device then removes the photovoltaic strings one by one from the transport vehicle and directly installs them onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column. This invention offers the following advantages:

[0083] 1. This invention uses a transport vehicle equipped with a paving and loading / unloading device to directly load, unload, and transport photovoltaic strings, as well as perform on-site installation work; achieving a three-in-one function, greatly reducing the number of installation personnel and equipment.

[0084] 2. According to the standard of the length of one drive shaft between single-axis tracking photovoltaic brackets, the photovoltaic modules are reassembled into photovoltaic strings in the assembly workshop in advance to form standard modules. This not only facilitates loading and unloading operations, but also greatly reduces the time spent on-site and improves the efficiency of on-site operations.

[0085] 3. This invention directly mounts the paving and unloading device onto the transport vehicle, and the photovoltaic strings are loaded and unloaded directly through the paving and unloading device, eliminating the need for crane assistance. This greatly reduces reliance on crane operations and lowers operating costs. Previously, cranes were used to first lift the photovoltaic modules onto the transport vehicle in a dispersed manner. After arriving at the photovoltaic power plant, the cranes were then used to lift the photovoltaic modules one by one from top to bottom onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column, and then the installation was done manually, requiring multiple crane operations.

[0086] 4. This invention adopts a bottom-up stacking method, with bottom-in and bottom-out, and allows for direct three-dimensional temporary storage on transport vehicles. This method has a high vehicle space utilization rate and can realize three-dimensional storage of multiple photovoltaic strings, thereby improving transportation efficiency.

[0087] 5. This invention uses a telescopic arm structure in conjunction with a moving clamping device to directly move the photovoltaic string to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device or the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column. This can effectively realize the mechanized loading and unloading of the photovoltaic string by translation, without the need for crane operation; it can greatly save the amount of manual labor required for laying.

[0088] 6. This invention aims to improve work efficiency and the working environment for workers. It features semi-automatic loading and unloading and paving, requiring only a small amount of manual assistance (loading and paving are expected to require 3 people, including the flatbed truck driver). Compared with conventional operations, it can greatly reduce labor intensity and increase labor efficiency by 3-5 times.

[0089] 7. Enables factory assembly of photovoltaic modules and on-site manual assistance for batch installation. Reduces the time workers are exposed to direct sunlight, improving their working environment.

[0090] 8. This invention uses a photovoltaic string clamp to directly hold the drive shaft, so that construction personnel and equipment never come into direct contact with the photovoltaic modules, reducing the risk of microcracks in the photovoltaic modules due to installation.

[0091] 9. This invention adopts a bottom-in, bottom-out approach, with all operations completed on the ground. No hoisting machinery is required, and construction personnel do not need to work at heights, ensuring the safety of the entire operation process.

Claims

1. A method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat-ground photovoltaic power plant, characterized in that: First, photovoltaic modules are assembled according to the length of a single rotating shaft to form photovoltaic strings. Then, using a loading and unloading device mounted on a transport vehicle, the photovoltaic strings are transferred from the ground to the transport vehicle, stacked sequentially on the transport vehicle, and transported to the photovoltaic power plant. Next, the same loading and unloading device pushes the photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support frame in the photovoltaic power plant, achieving mechanized installation of photovoltaic modules in groups. The loading and unloading device includes a three-dimensional storage mechanism for photovoltaic strings, a loading and unloading mechanism for photovoltaic strings, and photovoltaic string clamps. The photovoltaic string clamps are used to hold the photovoltaic strings in place. During loading, unloading, transfer, and installation operations, the photovoltaic strings are clamped to facilitate the overall loading, unloading, handling, and installation of the photovoltaic strings. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism is used to remove the photovoltaic strings from the assembly frame and transfer them to the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle. After the transport vehicle arrives at the photovoltaic power plant, the photovoltaic strings are transferred from the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism on the transport vehicle to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column for installation. The photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism is used to temporarily store the photovoltaic strings on the transport vehicle. The installation and loading / unloading device is installed on the transport vehicle and accompanies the transport vehicle. The photovoltaic string storage mechanism is a bottom-in, bottom-out three-dimensional storage mechanism. It includes a three-dimensional synchronous storage device. After the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism transfers the photovoltaic strings to the transport vehicle, the photovoltaic string clamps holding the strings are moved to the bottom of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device. The device then lifts the clamps and stacks the strings layer by layer from bottom to top, achieving three-dimensional storage. Upon arrival at the photovoltaic power plant, the three-dimensional synchronous storage mechanism again... The device moves the photovoltaic string out layer by layer from the bottom in reverse order; the photovoltaic string clamp is a movable constant force clamp; the photovoltaic string clamp includes an external frame with hooks, grippers, and a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism is installed below the grippers, and the shape of the grippers matches the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string; the grippers are a split structure, including a constant force gripper and a movable gripper, the movable gripper moves through the locking mechanism to open or clamp the polygonal outer edge of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string; the constant force gripper ensures a constant locking torque; the bottom of the photovoltaic string clamp is equipped with universal casters, which cooperate with the telescopic arm to move on the moving track of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism to realize the transfer of the photovoltaic string.

2. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly of photovoltaic modules according to the length of a single rotating shaft involves pre-assembling the photovoltaic modules, U-shaped purlins, U-shaped pipe clamps, drive shafts, and support bearings into a whole in the photovoltaic assembly workshop according to the standard of one shaft length, forming a photovoltaic string, so as to facilitate transportation and installation by transport vehicles.

3. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism is a multi-section telescopic moving rod; the multi-section telescopic moving rod is nested together to form a telescopic working arm; and a track is provided on the upper surface of the multi-section telescopic moving rod for the movement of the photovoltaic string clamping wheels.

4. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The paving and unloading operation device consists of two sets, namely, two sets of photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanisms and photovoltaic string loading and unloading operation mechanisms are respectively set at the front and rear of the transport vehicle, and connected in the middle by a telescopic connecting rod; the distance between the front and rear of the paving frame is adjusted according to the length of the drive shaft to achieve free adjustment of the spacing, ensuring that the telescopic operating arms of the two paving and unloading operation devices can be aligned with both ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string when the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the photovoltaic string, so that the photovoltaic string clamp can clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string.

5. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of transferring the photovoltaic strings from the ground to the transport vehicle involves placing the assembled photovoltaic strings on a frame, then driving the transport vehicle equipped with a paving and unloading device to the frame. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism of the paving and unloading device, in conjunction with the photovoltaic string clamps, removes the photovoltaic strings from the frame and transfers them to the transport vehicle. Specifically, the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism first moves the photovoltaic string clamps under the photovoltaic string drive shaft, then moves the photovoltaic string clamps to clamp both ends of the drive shaft, and finally moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the transport vehicle.

6. The method for installing a complete set of components on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat-ground photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 5, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism moves the photovoltaic string clamp under the photovoltaic string, the photovoltaic string clamp is first placed at the end of the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism. Then, by moving the telescopic working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is moved under the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string. Then, by the lifting mechanism at the end of the working arm of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, the photovoltaic string clamp is raised to the bottom of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string, and the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp are positioned at both ends of the drive shaft, so that the grippers can clamp the drive shaft. The process of moving the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the two ends of the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string is to use the grippers of the photovoltaic string clamp to clamp the drive shaft of the photovoltaic string from both ends.

7. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sequential stacking of photovoltaic strings on the transport vehicle involves the following steps: after the photovoltaic strings are transferred to the transport vehicle by the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism, they are further transferred by the same mechanism to the bottom of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. The lifting device of the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism raises the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings to the bottom entrance of the three-dimensional synchronous storage device of the photovoltaic string three-dimensional storage mechanism. Then, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device grabs the photovoltaic string clamps from both sides and moves them upward synchronously. At a predetermined interval, it grabs another layer of photovoltaic string clamps and moves them upward synchronously together with the clamps above, thus achieving three-dimensional stacking of photovoltaic strings from bottom to top on the transport vehicle.

8. The method for installing a complete set of modules on a single-axis tracking photovoltaic support in a flat land photovoltaic power plant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of pushing photovoltaic strings onto the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support of the photovoltaic power plant using the same paving and unloading device involves the following steps: After the transport vehicle delivers the paving and unloading device carrying the photovoltaic strings to the photovoltaic power plant, the three-dimensional synchronous storage device places the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings onto the photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism layer by layer from the bottom. The photovoltaic string loading and unloading mechanism then moves the photovoltaic string clamps holding the photovoltaic strings to the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column, opens the photovoltaic string clamps, lowers the photovoltaic strings, and installs them on the single-axis tracking photovoltaic support column.

Images