High-strength pressure container

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-strength and operationally reliable container (100) for receiving a fluid, comprising an outer casing (101) and a liner (106). The outer casing (101) is a first hollow body made of a high-strength heat-treatable steel, and the liner is a second hollow body. The outer casing has a cylindrical casing-shaped main section (102) which is adjoined in the longitudinal direction by two tapering end sections (120, 122), wherein the first end section (120) has a first inner end diameter, and the second end section (122) has a second inner end diameter. Both the first inner end diameter as well as the second inner end diameter are smaller than the inner diameter of the main section, and the outer face (103) of the liner (106) rests against the inner face (104) of the outer casing in a form-fitting manner. The liner is molded into the outer casing, in particular by means of an internal high-pressure forming process, and consists of an austenitic stainless steel.

Description

HIGH-STRENGTH PRESSURE VESSEL Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a high-strength and reliable container and to a method for producing a container for holding a fluid. The container is designed with an outer shell and a liner, wherein a first hollow body made of a first metal is used as the outer shell and a second hollow body made of a second metal is used as the liner. The outer shell has very high strength and the liner has very good impermeability to the fluid held in the container. The container has at least one opening in the region of at least one end section of the outer shell and at least one holding device on the outer shell. Furthermore, the invention comprises the container for holding the fluid with an outer shell and a liner. Furthermore, the invention comprises a vehicle with a tank that has a corresponding container.

[0002] Pressure vessels for containing gas such as hydrogen, natural gas, or methane are frequently constructed as composite pressure vessels with a liner made of plastic or metal, e.g., aluminum, and usually two metal neck pieces arranged in the neck area, as well as a fiber composite winding reinforcing the liner. Such pressure vessels are known, for example, from WO 99 / 27293 A2. The end sections taper in the longitudinal direction. The neck pieces may have internal threads into which various fittings, e.g., filling and venting valves, are screwed. Such fittings may be provided on both neck pieces of the pressure vessel. Alternatively, one end of the pressure vessel may be closed.

[0003] EP 2 724 073 B1 discloses a method for producing a pressure vessel with a two-layer construction. The outer structure is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic. The shape of the inner structure is achieved by cold and / or hot stretching, and the outer structure is attached after the shape of the inner structure has been formed.

[0004] According to the publication FR 2 772 459 A1, a method for producing a container with a two-layer structure is known, the sealed inner shell of which is formed by internal high-pressure forming within a forming shell made of composite material or metal. In one embodiment of the method, the forming shell, in which the inner shell is formed by internal high-pressure forming, is used as the outer container structure shell. The sealed inner shell can be made of thermoplastic or metal, namely aluminum or aluminum alloy. The inner shell is heated to a temperature close to its melting point (approximately 400°C to 500°C for aluminum) for forming.

[0005] Known containers are designed in such a way that in the event of significant overload due to excessive internal pressure, where according to current standards an overload is between 2 and 2.5 times the specified operating pressure of the container, the container will burst. Such a high increase in internal pressure can occur, for example, if a fire breaks out in the vicinity of the container and the container contents heat up. If the container is overloaded cyclically but to a lesser extent, with its internal pressure repeatedly rising well above the operating pressure, a leak will often occur before the container bursts. This type of failure due to leak before burst is clearly preferable to sudden bursting because the potential extent of damage is significantly less than if the container were to burst.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a high-strength and reliable container for containing a fluid, the outer shell of which has very high strength and the liner of which has very good sealing properties with respect to the fluid contained in the container. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such a container.

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention by a container according to claim 1. Further features of the invention emerge from the following description, the appended claims and / or the appended figures.

[0008] This development was undertaken with the primary goal of creating an optimal container for hydrogen. For this reason, a container is proposed that has a liner made of austenitic stainless steel formed within an outer shell. In practice, the liner within the outer shell is adapted to the contour of the outer shell by hydroforming, and its outer surface fits closely to the inner surface of the outer shell. Steel has a much higher strength and melting temperature than aluminum. The use of an austenitic stainless steel as a liner within the outer shell enables the construction of a pressure vessel with a liner that has extremely low permeability to the fluid being filled into the vessel and / or does not cause any undesirable interaction with the fluid being filled into the vessel.

[0009] The liner is formed within the outer shell. In one embodiment, this can be achieved through high-pressure forming. The forming process stretches and strengthens the liner material. The ultimate elongation of the liner material, i.e., the potential elongation of the liner material until failure, decreases due to work hardening. The liner material and the extent of the liner deformation are selected such that the ultimate elongation of the liner material after forming is smaller than the ultimate elongation of the outer shell material. This means that in the event of significant overloading of the vessel due to internal pressure, a leak occurs in the liner instead of the vessel bursting. The fluid absorbed in the liner thus escapes into the outer shell.Since the interface between the outer shell and the liner itself is not sealed against the environment by any gaskets, the fluid escaping from the liner is diverted from the outer shell into the environment, and the desired leak before fracture behavior is reproducibly achieved. This is achieved by appropriately selecting the degree of deformation of the liner during hydroforming.

[0010] In a practical embodiment, the degree of deformation of the liner during internal high-pressure forming can be selected such that the elongation of the liner material after forming at a given operating pressure of the vessel is no greater than the uniform elongation of the liner material. This ensures that the liner still has sufficient elongation after internal high-pressure forming to follow the expansion of the outer shell up to the operating pressure (even cyclically) without causing damage to the liner material. Thus, the liner material is not stretched beyond the possible uniform elongation of the liner material at operating pressure. These pressure conditions are harmless to the liner.

[0011] However, if internal pressure loading occurs that exceeds the operating pressure and approaches the bursting pressure of the outer shell, the ductility of the outer shell is greater than the residual ductility of the liner after hydroforming. Consequently, the liner material is stretched beyond its ultimate elongation and tears before the outer shell fails by bursting. The design of the double-shell pressure vessel described above ensures that the liner fails (leak or tear) before the outer shell fails. The resulting leak allows fluid to escape from the liner between the liner and the outer shell. The outer surface of the liner and / or the inner surface of the outer shell are designed in such a way that they cannot act as a metallic seal.

[0012] In one embodiment, a venting means can be provided that allows fluid escaping from the liner to flow out of the outer shell. This venting means can be, for example, a pressure relief bore, which is described further below. However, the venting means can also be formed by the thread play between the outer shell and a union nut. In the event of damage, fluid escaping from the liner is drained away in a controlled manner through the venting means.

[0013] In the method for producing the container according to the invention, pressures can be generated by using the holding device on the inside or outside of the outer shell within the blank for the liner, hereinafter referred to as the liner blank, which ensures reliable forming of the liner in the high-strength outer shell. Forming can take place at room temperature. The method according to the invention has particular advantages over the methods known from the prior art, since heating of the liner blank prior to forming is no longer necessary. This prevents the high-strength steel of the outer shell from changing its structural properties or composition due to excessive temperatures. The use of the holding device in the area of ​​the opening enables the reliable application of high internal pressure. At the same time, the forming process can serve as a pressure test for the container.

[0014] The method according to the invention provides that a first hollow body made of a first metal is used as the outer shell of the container, and a second hollow body made of a second metal is used as the liner of the container. The container has at least one opening in the region of at least one end section of the outer shell and at least one holding device on the inside or outside of the outer shell.

[0015] The opening can be used, for example, for filling and / or removing the fluid from the container. The holding device on the inside or outside of the outer shell can be designed, for example, to attach a device for filling and / or removing a fluid contained in the container. Additionally or alternatively, the holding device can be designed to attach a device for closing the container.

[0016] In a single process step, the outer shell is formed so that it has a contoured, usually cylindrical main section. This main section is followed longitudinally by at least one tapered end section. The inner end diameter of the tapered end section is smaller than the inner diameter of the main section. Depending on the requirements of the container, the main section of the outer shell can also have a contour that differs from the cylindrical shape.

[0017] In a further process step, a blank for forming the liner, the liner blank, is placed in the formed outer shell. The outer diameter of the liner blank is smaller than the final diameter of the end section.

[0018] The liner blank is designed, for example, as a cylindrical tube that is inserted into the formed outer shell. Alternatively, the liner blank can also have a closed end on one side, thus providing only a single opening. The liner blank can, for example, be dome-shaped at this closed end. With a similar shape to the outer shell at this end, only a slight deformation of the liner blank is required by hydroforming to ensure that it fully adheres to the inside of the outer shell. This slight deformation can be achieved by hydroforming without prior heating of the liner blank.

[0019] In a subsequent process step, the liner blank is formed to form the liner. This forming takes place in the outer shell using internal high-pressure forming. After forming, the liner rests positively and over its entire surface against the inside of the outer shell. Even if the contour of the main section of the outer shell deviates from the cylindrical shape, the liner blank is formed until its outer wall lies flat against the inner wall of the outer shell. The degree of forming during internal high-pressure forming can be selected, taking into account the materials of the liner and outer shell, so that the liner material has a breaking elongation after forming that is lower than the breaking elongation of the outer shell material. During internal high-pressure forming, the liner material is hardened and its breaking elongation decreases.By forming the liner in the outer shell, the container manufacturing process can be implemented with high efficiency and low cost. After hydroforming, the outer shell and liner are already in the desired final position. They do not need to be joined together in additional manufacturing steps. Furthermore, hydroforming can be carried out without tools, i.e., without a mold into which the liner blank must be inserted for the hydroforming step. Finally, manufacturing tolerances in the production of the outer shell and liner blank are of secondary importance because the critical interface between liner and outer shell is determined by the shape of the inner surface of the outer shell, and the outer surface of the liner reliably adheres to the inner surface of the outer shell in every container thanks to hydroforming in the outer shell.

[0020] In one embodiment, the internal high-pressure forming of the method according to the invention can take place at an elevated temperature. For example, the liner blank can be heated to facilitate the shape change during internal high-pressure forming.

[0021] In particular, the internal high-pressure forming of the method according to the invention can alternatively be carried out at room temperature. To apply pressure to the liner blank for the internal high-pressure forming of the method according to the invention, a connection is used that utilizes the container's holding device. In this way, even high pressures can be generated in the liner blank for internal high-pressure forming, which reliably form a liner made of metal, even steel.

[0022] The process described here enables the production of a container consisting of an outer shell and a liner, with the liner being formed within the outer shell by hydroforming. Hydroforming can be performed at high pressures, with secure sealing being ensured by the container's holding device.

[0023] Internal high-pressure forming can be performed at pressures between 20 bar and 2100 bar. In other words, the liner is subjected to an internal pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar to form the liner into its final shape within the outer shell. For this purpose, a fluid, such as water or oil, is pressed into the liner blank at a pressure ranging from 20 bar to 2100 bar.

[0024] In practice, the liner blank can remain at the temperature at which it is placed in the outer shell. The temperature of the liner blank during hydroforming can range between 10°C and 200°C.

[0025] In practice, the device for internal high-pressure forming can also be used to perform pressure testing of the vessel. The vessel is connected to the device for internal high-pressure forming using the same holding device used to seal the vessel or fit various fittings. Thus, connecting the forming device enables simultaneous pressure testing and thus provides insights into the vessel's structural properties.

[0026] In practice, the tapered end section of the outer shell can be formed by forging, forming, or ironing.

[0027] In practice, the container may have two tapered end sections of the outer shell. Each of the end sections has an opening, and the liner blank may have a simple tubular shape.

[0028] If necessary, the openings of the container can also have different diameters.

[0029] In practice, the metal of the outer shell can be a high-strength heat-treatable steel and can be selected, for example, from the following metals: steel with the material number 1.7220, i.e. a 34CrMo4 steel, or steel comprising the following elements: 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or a maximum of 0.05% phosphorus, and / or a maximum of 0.05% sulfur, and / or a maximum of 0.1% vanadium. The steel with the latter composition is described in DE 10 2021 102 745 A1. A tempering steel 34CrMo4-4 with the material number 1.7341 and with a molybdenum content of 0.30 to over 0.50% has proven to be particularly suitable due to its increased notch impact toughness.It enables the production of a high-strength container with a low overall weight and increased resistance to surface discontinuities or imperfections. The increased notched impact strength also promotes the reliably high elongation at break of the outer shell, which is required for the container's leak-before-burst properties.

[0030] As already mentioned above, the outer shell of the container must meet the highest requirements for structural properties. The steel types mentioned, in particular the material used by the applicant in DE 10 2021 102 745 A1, meet these requirements.

[0031] Furthermore, in practice it may be provided that the metal for the liner is selected to be a metal resistant to at least one of the following fluids: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (H2S), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases and gas mixtures.

[0032] By using a metal for the liner, a material can be selected that has extremely low permeability to the fluid being filled into the container and / or does not cause undesirable interactions with the fluid being filled into the container. The liner material must be selected for the intended use of the container, especially for the fluid that is to be filled into the container.

[0033] For example, the metal of the liner can be selected from at least one of the following metals: aluminum, copper, wrought alloys such as aluminum or copper alloys, austenitic stainless steels such as steel with material number 1.3952, steel with material number 1.4301, steel with material number 1.4401, steel with material number 1.4404, steel with material number 1.4433, steel with material number 1.4435, steel with material number 1.4438, steel with material number 1.4529, steel with material number 1.4539, steel with material number 1.4571, steel with material number 1.4618 and / or steel with material number 1.4828.

[0034] The steel materials mentioned above have very low permeability to hydrogen (H2) combined with excellent formability and high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. In particular, the combination of one of the above-mentioned materials for the liner with the high-strength tempered steel of the outer shell makes it possible to create a vessel that is extremely stable, yet resistant to the fluid inside and leak-proof.

[0035] In practice, a sealing plug made of a material resistant to the fluid can close the opening of the container, whereby the sealing plug is sealed against the liner by a gasket and is fixed by the holding device of the end section.

[0036] To seal the container, a sealing plug is placed in at least one opening in such a way that the opening is closed and no fluid escapes. The sealing plug can be made of the same material as the liner, so that it has the same structural properties as the liner, e.g., protection against hydrogen embrittlement if the fluid is hydrogen, or against corrosion if an aggressive fluid is stored. Because the sealing plug is sealed against the liner, the fluid in the container has no contact with the outer shell.

[0037] In practice, a cover cap can be attached to the at least one retaining device, with the sealing plug resting against the cover cap in the axial direction. The cover cap is attached to the retaining device in such a way that the sealing plug is held in the opening.

[0038] In practice, the cover cap can preferably be arranged in a form-fitting manner in the region of the opening of the container in the axial direction, wherein the opening of the container is closed by the cover cap.

[0039] Typically, the outer shell is stronger than the liner. By arranging the retaining device on the outer shell, it can be ensured that the internal pressure of the container acting on the closure plug develops a force that is safely transferred via the retaining device into the rigid outer shell of the container. The retaining device on the outer shell is therefore used both during container production during the hydroforming step and during use to securely close the opening using the closure plug.

[0040] In practice, an external thread can be attached to the end section of the outer shell as a retaining device, and the cover cap can have an internal thread that is screwed onto the external thread. However, the end section of the outer shell can also have an internal thread as a retaining device, in which case the cover cap has a corresponding external thread that is screwed into the internal thread.

[0041] In principle, however, all other types of holding devices can be used that allow forces to be securely transferred into the outer shell. For example, a bayonet-type connection can be provided. For this purpose, the end section of the outer shell has at least one holding projection that is positively received in a receiving groove on the cylindrical inner wall of a cover cap. Conversely, the holding projection can also be provided on the cover cap, projecting radially inward, and screwed into a receiving groove on the outside of the end section of the outer shell. Connecting bolts can also be used, which are inserted through aligned holes in material projections on the cover cap and the outer shell. As mentioned, all suitable known connection techniques can be used.

[0042] In one embodiment of the vessel, the diameter of at least one end region of the liner can be reduced. In other words, the liner has an end region protruding beyond the end region of the outer shell, the diameter of which is reduced compared to the diameter of the region of the liner adjacent to the end region of the outer shell. Preferably, the inner diameter of the end region of the liner can be reduced to such an extent that it corresponds to the sealing diameter of a fitting which is attached to the pressure vessel. The diameter of the end region of the liner can be reduced before internal high-pressure forming, e.g. by forging, spinning or ironing. Alternatively, the tubular liner blank can be formed into a divisible mold by internal high-pressure forming, in which the end region has a diameter which is reduced compared to the central region.The liner blank can then be heat-treated to relieve internal stresses, allowing it to be formed a second time by hydroforming and molded into the outer shell. The liner blank with the reduced-diameter end section can also be assembled from several parts, with the individual parts being tightly connected (e.g., welded). In this case, the diameter reduction of the end section(s) can be achieved using deep-drawn parts or turned parts, for example.

[0043] If the diameter of the liner end region is reduced compared to the diameter of the outer shell end region, a cover cap can be attached to the outer shell retaining device, the inner surface of which rests against the outer surface of the projecting end region of the liner with the reduced diameter. Any gap remaining between the inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the liner is eliminated during subsequent hydroforming. In other words, after hydroforming, the outer surface of the liner with the reduced diameter follows the inner surface of the cover cap, so that the liner lines both the inner wall of the outer shell and the inner wall of the cover cap—except in the area of ​​the opening.

[0044] An internal thread can be attached to the cover cap, which is aligned with the opening of the liner. A fitting can then be attached to this internal thread of the cover cap, which is sealed against the opening of the liner. Furthermore, a sealing plug can be attached to this internal thread during hydroforming, which seals against the inside of the end region of the liner with a reduced diameter. In this embodiment, the connection cap for connecting the sealing plug is preferably left on the container and used as a cover cap after hydroforming.

[0045] The invention also relates to a container for containing a fluid. This container has an outer shell and a liner, wherein the outer shell is a first hollow body made of heat-treatable steel and the liner is a second hollow body made of a metal resistant to the fluid. Furthermore, the outer shell has a contoured, usually cylindrical main section, to which two tapered end sections adjoin in the longitudinal direction. The first end section has a first inner end diameter, and the second end section has a second inner end diameter. Both the first inner end diameter and the second inner end diameter are smaller than an inner diameter of the main section. The outer side of the liner rests positively against the inner side of the outer shell.

[0046] As previously explained, the outer and inner shells of the vessel are formed from tubular metal elements that are tapered at their ends. The production of such tubular elements in the appropriate material quality can be accomplished very reliably. Particularly for the internal high-pressure forming process described above, it is advantageous for the tubular liner blank to be inserted through the openings at the ends of the outer shell and then pressed against the shell wall by the high pressure. This forming process can be performed without excessive heating of the liner, so the material of the outer shell is not affected by excessively high temperatures.

[0047] The first inner end diameter can be different from the second inner end diameter. However, the same end diameters can also be used for both openings. In this case, the liner blank can have a cylindrical shell shape before forming, with an outer diameter that corresponds to the final diameter with a small clearance.

[0048] As mentioned above, the heat-treatable steel of the outer shell can be made of the following materials: Steel with material number 1.7220, i.e. a 34CrMo4 steel, or steel which comprises the following elements: 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or a maximum of 0.05% phosphorus, and / or a maximum of 0.05% sulfur, and / or a maximum of 0.1% vanadium, as described in DE 10 2021 102 745 A1. Additionally or alternatively, the fluid-resistant steel of the liner may have one of the following material numbers: 1.3952, 1.4301, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4433, 1.4435, 1.4438, 1.4529, 1.4539, 1.4571, 1.4618, 1.4828.

[0049] In practice, at least one retaining device may be arranged on the outer shell of the container in the region of each end section. Any suitable retaining device may be used. Examples of possible retaining devices are described below.

[0050] A sealing plug can be attached to the at least one retaining device of each end section. The sealing plug can be sealed against the liner by a gasket. The sealing plug can be made of the same material resistant to the contained fluid as the liner. This ensures that the fluid is completely enclosed by a resistant material.

[0051] In practice, a cover cap can be attached to the at least one retaining device of each end section, with the closure plug resting against the cover cap in the axial direction. In other words, a cover cap is attached to the retaining device in such a way that the closure plug projecting into the opening is locked there by the cover cap, which is supported on the outer shell via the retaining device. The internal pressure of the container consequently generates a force that presses the closure plug outward in the axial direction against the cover cap, which is then transferred into the high-strength retaining device of the outer shell.

[0052] In practice, the sealing plug and the cover cap can also be designed as a single piece or as a combined component.

[0053] As mentioned, an external thread can be arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the outer shell in the region of the end section as a holding device. This external thread can interact with an internal thread on a cylindrical inner surface of the cover cap. However, other holding means for the cover cap can also be used. The cover cap can, for example, have a receiving groove on the cylindrical inner surface for a projection that projects radially outward at the end section of the outer shell. The cover cap is then attached in the manner of a bayonet lock. Radially inward-projecting projections can also be provided on the cover cap, which are screwed into a receiving groove provided on the end section of the outer shell.

[0054] At least one of the closure plugs may have a channel for removing and / or filling the container. In this case, the cover cap has an opening aligned with the channel.

[0055] In other words, the closure plug and the cover cap are provided with an aligned opening and a channel on at least one side of the container, allowing fluid to be removed and / or filled. On the second side of the container, the cover cap and closure plug can be completely closed. However, a channel and an aligned opening can also be provided in the closure plug and the cover cap on the second side of the container. Then, for example, the container can be filled through the first side and the fluid can be removed through the second side.

[0056] In practice, the channel in the sealing plug can be designed as a threaded hole. A connecting thread on a fitting can be screwed into this threaded hole.

[0057] In practice, the seal by which the closure plug is sealed against the cylindrical wall of the end portion of the liner may comprise at least one O-ring and one support ring.

[0058] As already explained above, the liner and / or the sealing plug can, for example, be made of a metal resistant to at least one of the following fluids: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (H2S), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), and other corrosive gases and gas mixtures.

[0059] The invention also encompasses a vehicle with a tank. The tank is designed as a container of the type described above. However, the container according to the invention can also be used, for example, for storing industrial gases or gases at filling stations.

[0060] Practical embodiments and advantages of the invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0061] shows a schematic longitudinal section through an outer shell with an inserted liner blank for forming the liner.

[0062] shows a schematic longitudinal section through an outer shell and a liner blank at a first end of the container during a process step for producing the container.

[0063] shows a schematic longitudinal section through an outer shell and a liner blank at a second end of the container during a process step for producing the container.

[0064] shows a schematic longitudinal section through an outer shell and a liner of the finished container.

[0065] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the end region of the container.

[0066] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the end region of the container.

[0067] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a further embodiment of an end region of an outer shell and with liner blank for a further embodiment of the container, before the liner blank is formed.

[0068] shows the longitudinal section of the end section of the container after the liner has been formed.

[0069] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a further embodiment of an end region of an outer shell and with liner blank for a further embodiment of the container, before the liner blank is formed.

[0070] shows the longitudinal section of the end section of the container after the liner has been formed.

[0071] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a further embodiment of an end region of an outer shell and with liner blank for a further embodiment of the container, before the liner blank is formed.

[0072] shows the longitudinal section of the end section of the container after the liner has been formed.

[0073] shows a schematic longitudinal section of a further embodiment of an end region of an outer shell and with liner blank for a further embodiment of the container, before the liner blank is formed.

[0074] shows the longitudinal section of the end section of the container after the liner has been formed.

[0075] This schematically shows a longitudinal section through the main components of a container 100 described here during production. An outer shell 101 is shown, which has already been brought into its final shape. A tubular or cylindrical liner blank 105 for forming a liner is inserted into the outer shell 101. Each end section 120, 122 of the outer shell 101 has an opening 121, 123 through which the liner blank 105 extends. At each end section 120, 122 of the outer shell 101, an external thread 156, 158 is provided on the outer side 103 thereof, forming a holding device. The outer diameter of the liner blank 105 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the end section 120, 122 of the outer shell, so that the liner blank 105 can be inserted into the outer shell 101 with little play.

[0076] The liner blank 105 is tubular. Alternatively, the liner blank 105 can also be preformed, i.e., for example, it can have a reduced diameter at an end section 120, 122 or it can be closed if the outer shell 101 has a corresponding inner side 104.

[0077] Due to the relatively large diameter of the opening of the end sections 120, 122 of the outer shell 101, the extent of expansion of the liner blank 105 during hydroforming is limited. Hydroforming can be performed at ambient temperature without prior heating of the liner blank 105. The high pressures required for this can be applied thanks to the tight closure of the end regions 120, 122 by means of the holding devices, namely the external threads 156, 158.

[0078] The outer shell 101 is shaped such that it has a cylindrical main section 102, which, in the illustrated embodiment, is adjoined in the longitudinal direction by two tapered end sections 120, 122. However, the shape of the main section can also deviate from the cylindrical shape and does not necessarily have to be rotationally symmetrical. The inner end diameter of each tapered end section 120, 122 of the outer shell 101 is smaller than the inner diameter of the main section 102.

[0079] The tapered end portion 120, 122 at each axial end of the outer shell 101 can be formed, for example, by forging, spinning or ironing.

[0080] In the illustrated embodiment, the container 100 has two tapered end sections 120, 122 of the outer shell 101, each with an opening 121, 123, wherein the openings 121, 123 have the same diameter. In practice, however, the openings 121, 123 of the container 100 can also have different diameters. In practice, one end section 120 or 122 of the outer shell 101 can be closed.

[0081] The arrangement according to the is further processed by internal high-pressure forming. The liner blank 105 is formed by the supply of a fluid under high pressure, so that it forms the liner 106, which fits tightly against the inner side 104 of the outer shell 101.

[0082] shows a schematic longitudinal section through one end of the outer shell 101 with the liner blank 105 located therein before forming. Shown is the first end section 120 of the outer shell 101 with the liner blank 105 located therein. It can be seen that the end of the cylindrical liner blank 105 protrudes beyond the end of the outer shell 101 in the axial direction. A connection cap 161 with an internal thread is screwed onto the external thread 156 of the end section 120 of the outer shell 101. The connection cap 161 fixes a first sealing punch 130 to the end section 120 of the outer shell 101, which is sealed from the inside of the liner blank 105 for the liner 106. The axially projecting end of the liner blank 105 is displaceable relative to the first sealing punch 130. Thus, the first sealing stamp 130 is connected to the holding device via the connection cap 161, ieattached to the external thread 156 of the end section 120 of the outer shell 101, so that high pressures can be sealed against the environment via the first sealing piston 130.

[0083] By applying pressure, the liner blank 105 is radially expanded, whereby the axially projecting end of the liner blank 105 is drawn into the outer shell 101. The liner blank 105 is pressed against the inner side 104 of the outer shell 101. As a result, after the internal high-pressure forming, the liner 106 no longer protrudes beyond the end section 120 of the outer shell 101, but lines the entire inner side of the outer shell 101.

[0084] In practice, the pressure test of the container 100 can be performed during or after the internal high-pressure forming process. High pressures are already present on the inside of the liner 106 during the high-pressure forming process, allowing the structural properties of the container 100 to be assessed. If necessary, further pressurization can be performed following the internal high-pressure forming process, during which the container 100 is sealed by the first sealing plunger 130.

[0085] As mentioned, internal high-pressure forming can take place at a temperature close to ambient temperature. This has the advantage that, for example, water can be used as a fluid to generate the increased internal pressure. Furthermore, forming at close to ambient temperature prevents the material of the outer shell 101, as well as the material of the liner blank 105 or liner 106, from being heated to unacceptably high temperatures. For example, the temperature of the liner blank 105 or liner 106 during internal high-pressure forming is between 10°C and 200°C.

[0086] In practice, internal high-pressure forming can be carried out at a pressure between 20 bar and 2100 bar, ie the liner blank 105 is subjected to a fluid, for example water or oil, under a pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar.

[0087] shows a schematic longitudinal section through the second end of the container 100 during the production of the container 100 by internal high-pressure forming. Here, the end of the liner blank 105 is clamped between the second sealing punch 140 and the axial end section 122 of the outer shell 101 of the container 100 before the start of the internal high-pressure forming. The second sealing punch 140 is also fixed in the axial direction by a connection cap 163. The connection cap 163 is screwed onto the external thread 156 on the outer side 104 of the outer shell 101, so that the second sealing punch 140 tightly closes the second opening 123 even at high pressure during the internal high-pressure forming.

[0088] shows a schematic longitudinal section through an outer shell 101 and a fully formed liner 106 of the container 100. The liner 106 rests fully against the inner surface 104 of the outer shell 101. As explained above, the degree of deformation during internal high-pressure forming is selected, taking into account the materials of the liner 106 and the outer shell 101, such that the material of the liner 106 has an elongation at break after forming that is less than the elongation at break of the material of the outer shell 101. During internal high-pressure forming, the material of the liner 106 is hardened and its elongation at break decreases. At the same time, care can be taken to ensure that the elongation of the material of the liner 106 after forming at a given operating pressure of the container is not greater than the uniform elongation of the material of the liner 106. The uniform elongation of a material is the elongation at which no necking occurs in a tensile test with a sample of the material.This selection of the degree of deformation ensures that the material of the liner 106 is not damaged in the range of the specified operating pressure.

[0089] shows a schematic longitudinal section through the first end section 120 of the finished container 100. It shows a closure plug 150, which closes a first opening 121 of the first end section 120 of the container 100. The closure plug 150 is sealed against the liner 106 by a seal 155. The closure plug 150 is fixed in the axial direction by a cover cap 151. The cover cap 151 is screwed tightly to the external thread 156 on the outer side 104 of the outer shell 101. This external thread 156 thus forms the holding device for the cover cap 151 and the closure plug 150, so that the axial forces exerted on the closure plug 150 by the internal pressure of the container are transmitted via the holding device 156 into the outer shell 101 of the container 100. The closure plug 150 may be made of corrosion-resistant material, in particular of the same metal as the liner 106.

[0090] shows a schematic longitudinal section through the second end section 122 of the container 100. Here, the closure plug 152 has a channel 170 for connecting various fittings of the container 100. The cover cap 153 has an opening 171 aligned with the channel 170.

[0091] The channel 170 in the closure plug 152 and the opening 171 in the cover cap 153 enable a fitting to be connected to the container 100 when the closure plug 152 and the cover cap 153 are arranged on the container 100.

[0092] Here, too, the closure plug 152 is sealed against the liner 106 by means of a seal 155. In practice, the seals 155, 156 for the closure plugs 150, 152 may comprise at least one O-ring and one support ring.

[0093] The channel 170 is designed as a threaded bore and serves to accommodate a complementary external thread on a fitting. The opening 171 in the cover cap 153 is designed as a through-bore. It is also possible to design the opening 171 in the cover cap 153 as an internal thread for screwing a fitting. Due to the strength of the material of the cover cap 153, the length of this internal thread can be short.

[0094] Also visible is a pressure relief bore 172, which forms a venting means that allows fluid escaping from the liner 106 to flow out of the outer shell 101. As explained above, the liner achieves a breaking strain below the breaking strain of the outer shell 101 through the internal high-pressure forming process. In other words, if a critical internal pressure is exceeded, the material of the liner 106 tears or breaks, whereas the material of the outer shell 101 remains intact and continues to expand. The outer shell 101 is not sealed from the environment, so that fluid escaping from the liner 106 also flows out of the outer shell 101 into the environment. This outflow is already made possible by the thread play that exists between the external thread 156 of the outer shell and the internal thread of the cover cap 153.However, a pressure relief bore 172 is additionally provided as a venting means, which opens in the area of ​​the undercut of the internal thread of the cover cap 153 and radially penetrates the wall of the cover cap 153. If fluid escapes when the liner 106 bursts, it will flow between the outside of the liner 106 and the inside of the outer shell 101 to the axial end of the liner and from there through the pressure relief bore 172 into the environment. A corresponding pressure relief bore can be provided at the opposite axial end of the outer shell 101. In the event of damage, fluid escaping from the liner 106 is diverted into the environment in a controlled manner through the pressure relief bore 172.

[0095] It is also possible to form the cover cap and sealing plug as a single piece or to combine them into a single component. In this case, a through hole (with or without an internal thread) can extend through this component and serve to connect a fitting. The fitting (not shown) can be sealed against the sealing plug 152 and / or the cover cap 153, for example, using an O-ring.

[0096] Figures 7 to 14 show various embodiments in which the liner is formed into a shape that tapers inwards in the end regions towards the central axis of the container, so that a closure plug can be omitted. In each case, sectional views are shown, first of all, the

[0097] In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 8, at least one end region of the liner 206 is formed such that its diameter is reduced. Preferably, the inner diameter of the end region of the liner 206 is reduced to such an extent that it corresponds to the sealing diameter of a fitting that is attached to the pressure vessel 200. The diameter of the end region can be reduced before hydroforming, e.g., by forging, spinning, ironing, or, e.g., by being tightly connected to the remaining liner as a deep-drawn part.

[0098] This shows the liner blank 205 before hydroforming. This shows the formed liner 206 after hydroforming.

[0099] Unlike the previously described embodiment, in the embodiments of Figures 1 and 8, the holding device is an internal thread 259. For internal high-pressure forming, a connection cap 263 is attached to the internal thread 259, the inner contour of which corresponds to the contour of the formed end region of the liner blank 205. The connection cap 263 has a small-diameter internal thread 272 at its free end, into which a sealing plunger (not shown) is screwed. This sealing plunger can be sealed against the reduced inner diameter of the liner blank 205, for example, by means of an O-ring.

[0100] After internal high-pressure forming, a cover cap without a sealing plug can then be used. The reduced inner diameter of the liner 206 can be sealed against a fitting, again e.g. by means of an O-ring. The connection cap 263, which held the sealing punch during internal high-pressure forming, can be used as the cover cap. The connection cap / cover cap 263 has an internal thread 272 in a neck area that is arranged concentrically to the reduced diameter of the liner 206. During internal high-pressure forming, the sealing punch can be screwed into this internal thread 272 and is sealed against the inner diameter of the liner blank 205. After internal high-pressure forming of the liner 206, an external thread of a fitting (not shown) can be screwed into the internal thread 272 of the connection cap / cover cap 263.A cylindrical section of the fitting may be connected to the external thread of the fitting and sealed against the reduced inner diameter of the end section of the liner 206.

[0101] The connection cap / cover cap 263 has an outer diameter at a first end that is adapted to the final diameter of the outer shell 201 and that is connected to the holding device, namely the internal thread 259 of the outer shell 201. At the second end, the connection cap / cover cap 263 has a reduced diameter that is significantly smaller than the diameter at the first end. The internal thread 272 of the second, free end of the connection cap / cover cap 263 can of course also be replaced by another suitable holding means, for example an external thread or a bayonet lock. The embodiment of Figures 7 and 8 eliminates the need for a closure plug made of a material resistant to the fluid to be contained in the container. In this embodiment, a withdrawal fitting can be sealed directly against the reduced final diameter of the liner 206.

[0102] 10 and 12 each show two representations corresponding to FIGS. 11 and 8 of alternative embodiments of the containers 300 and 400, in which the contour of the end region of the liner 306 and 406 is shaped differently. While in FIGS. 8 and 8 the end region of the liner 206 has the shape of a dome, the wall of the end region of the liner 306 in FIGS. 11 and 10 initially runs radially inwards towards its longitudinal axis and then axially again with a reduced diameter. In FIGS. 12 and 13 the end region of the liner is even axially retracted until it runs axially outwards again with the reduced inner diameter. FIGS. 14 and 15 show an embodiment of the container 500 in which the end region of the liner runs radially inwards and the sealing surface in the region of the liner opening is formed by an accumulation of material on the radial surface of the end region of the liner 506 facing the center of the liner.In this embodiment, the outer shell 501 again has an external thread 558, onto which an internal thread of the connection cap / cover cap 563 is screwed. Here, too, the inner surface of the connection cap / cover cap 563 corresponds to the surface profile of the end region of the liner 506.

[0103] Further variations in the shape of the end sections of the liner and the connection cap / cover cap can be realized depending on the requirements of the container.

[0104] The following clauses summarize the embodiments of the procedure.

[0105] Clause 1: Method for producing a container (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for holding a fluid, comprising an outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) and a liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506), wherein a first hollow body made of a first metal is used as the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) and a second hollow body made of a second metal is used as the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506), wherein the container (100) has at least one opening (121, 123) and at least one holding device (156, 158) on the outer shell (101) in the region of at least one end section (120, 122). the outer shell (101), the method comprising the following method steps:shaping the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) with a main section (102) which is adjoined in the longitudinal direction by at least one tapered end section (120, 122) whose inner end diameter is smaller than an inner diameter of the main section (102);Arranging a liner blank (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) for forming the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) in the formed outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), the outer diameter of which is smaller than the final diameter of the end section (120, 122); Forming the liner blank (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) for forming the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) in the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) by internal high-pressure forming, so that the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) bears positively against the inner side (104) of the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), wherein a connection using the at least one holding device (156, 158) of the container (100) is preferably used to apply pressure to the liner blank (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) for internal high-pressure forming;

[0106] Clause 2: Process according to Clause 1, wherein a pressure between 20 bar and 2100 bar is selected for the hydroforming.

[0107] Clause 3: A process according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the hydroforming is carried out at room temperature.

[0108] Clause 4: Method according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein a device (160) suitable for carrying out a pressure test of the container (100) is used to carry out the internal high-pressure forming.

[0109] Clause 5: Method according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one tapered end portion (120, 122) of the outer shell (101) is formed by forging, forming and / or ironing.

[0110] Clause 6: Method according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the container (100) has at least two tapered end portions (120, 122) of the outer shell (101), each of the end portions having at least one opening (121, 123).

[0111] Clause 7: Method according to the preceding clause, wherein the openings (121, 123) of the container (100) have different diameters.

[0112] Clause 8: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses, wherein the first metal of the outer shell (101) is selected from a high-strength heat-treatable steel, in particular at least one of the following metals: steel with material number 1.7220; steel comprising the following elements: 0.3% to 0.5% carbon and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon and / or a maximum of 0.05% phosphorus, and / or a maximum of 0.05% sulfur, and / or a maximum of 0.1% vanadium.

[0113] Clause 9: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses, wherein as the second metal for the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) a metal resistant to at least one of the following fluids is selected: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (H2S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases and gas mixtures.

[0114] Clause 10: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses, wherein the second metal of the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) is selected from at least one of the following metals: aluminum; aluminum alloy; copper; copper alloy; stainless steel; stainless steel alloys; steel with material number 1.3952; steel with material number 1.4301; steel with material number 1.4401; steel with material number 1.4404; steel with material number 1.4433; steel with material number 1.4435; steel with material number 1.4438; steel with material number 1.4529; steel with material number 1.4539; steel with material number 1.4571;Steel with material number 1.4618;Steel with material number 1.4828.

[0115] Clause 11: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses, wherein a closure plug (150, 152) made of a material resistant to the fluid closes the opening, wherein the closure plug (150, 152) is sealed off from the liner (106) by a seal (155) and is fixed by the holding device (156, 158) of the end section (120, 122).

[0116] Clause 12: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses, wherein a cover cap (151, 153) is attached to the at least one holding device (156, 158).

[0117] Clause 13: Method according to the preceding clause, characterized by one of the following features:an external thread is applied to the end section (120, 122) of the outer shell (101, 501) as a holding device (156, 158, 558) and the cover cap (151, 153, 563) has an internal thread which is screwed onto the external thread;an internal thread (259, 359, 459) is applied to the end section of the outer shell (201, 301, 401) as a holding device (156, 158) and the cover cap (263, 363, 463) has an external thread which is screwed into the internal thread (259, 359, 459).

[0118] Clause 14: Method according to at least one of clauses 11 to 13, wherein the closure plug (150, 152) bears against the cover cap (151, 153) in the axial direction or is integrally connected thereto.

[0119] Clause 15: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses 1 to 12, wherein holding devices are attached to the end portion (120, 122) and to the cover cap (151, 153) and are connected according to a bayonet closure.

[0120] Clause 16: Method according to at least one of the preceding clauses 1 to 13, wherein the diameter of at least one end region of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) is reduced.

[0121] Clause 17: A method according to the preceding clause, wherein a cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) is attached to the retaining device of the outer shell (201, 301, 401, 501), the inner surface of which cap rests against the outer surface of the reduced diameter liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

[0122] Clause 18: Method according to the preceding clause, wherein an internal thread (272, 372, 472, 572) is applied to the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) which is aligned with the opening of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

[0123] Clause 19: Method according to the preceding clause, wherein a fitting is attached to the internal thread (272, 372, 472, 572) of the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) and is sealed against the opening of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

[0124] The features of the invention disclosed in the present description, the drawings, and the claims may be essential, both individually and in any combination, for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments. The invention may be varied within the scope of the claims and taking into account the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.

[0125] 100 Vessel 101 Outer shell 102 Main section of outer shell 103 Outside of outer shell 104 Inside of outer shell 105 Liner blank 106 Molded liner 120 First end section 121 First opening 122 Second end section 123 Second opening 130 First sealing plug 140 Second sealing plug 150 Plug 151 Cover cap 152 Plug 153 Cover cap 155 Gasket 156 Retainer, external thread 158 Retainer, external thread 161 Connection cap 163 Connection cap 170 Channel 171 Opening 172 Pressure relief hole 200 Vessel 201 Outer shell 205 Liner blank 206 Molded liner 259 Internal thread 263 Cover cap, connection cap 272 Internal thread 300 Vessel 301 Outer shell 305 Liner blank 306 Molded liner 359 Internal thread 363 Cover cap, connection cap 372 Internal thread 400 Container401 Outer shell405 Liner blank406 Molded liner459 Internal thread463 Cover cap, Connection cap472 Internal thread500 Container501 Outer shell505 Liner blank506 Molded liner558 External thread563 Cover cap,Connection cap 572 internal thread,

Claims

A container (100) for containing a fluid, comprising an outer shell (101) and a liner (106), wherein the outer shell (101) is a first hollow body made of high-strength tempering steel and the liner (106) is a second hollow body made of a metal resistant to the fluid, wherein the outer shell (101) has a cylindrical jacket-shaped main section (102), to which two tapered end sections (120, 122) adjoin in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first end section (120) has a first inner end diameter, and the second end section (122) has a second inner end diameter, wherein both the first inner end diameter and the second inner end diameter are smaller than an inner diameter of the main section (102), and wherein the liner (106) is formed in the outer shell (101) such that the outer side (103) of the liner (106) is positively connected to the inner side (104). the outer shell (101), characterized in thatthat the liner is made of austenitic stainless steel. Container (100) according to claim 1, wherein the elongation at break of the material of the liner (106) after forming is smaller than the elongation at break of the material of the outer shell (101). Container (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elongation of the material of the liner (106) after forming at a given operating pressure of the container is not greater than the uniform elongation of the material of the liner (106). Container (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a venting means (172) which drains fluid escaped from the liner (106) from the outer shell (101). Container (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first inner end diameter is different from the second inner end diameter. Container (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat-treatable steel of the outer shell (101) is made of at least one of the following materials: steel with material number 1.7220; steel comprising the following elements: 0.3% to 0.5% carbon and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon and / or a maximum of 0.05% phosphorus, and / or a maximum of 0.05% sulfur, and / or a maximum of 0.1% vanadium, and wherein the fluid-resistant steel of the liner (106) is made of at least one of the following materials: steel with material number 1.3952; steel with material number 1.3952. 1.4301;Steel with material number 1.4401;Steel with material number 1.4404;Steel with material number 1.4433;Steel with material number 1.4435;Steel with material number 1.4438;Steel with material number 1.4529;Steel with material number 1.4539;Steel with material number 1.4571;Steel with material number 1.4618;Steel with material number 1.4828. Container (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one holding device (156, 158) is arranged on the outer shell (101) in the region of each end section (120, 122). Container (100) according to claim 7, wherein a closure plug (150, 152) is fixed to the holding device (156, 158) and is sealed from the liner (106) by a seal (155). Container (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein a cover cap (151, 153) is fastened to the at least one holding device (156, 158) of each end section (120, 122), wherein the closure plug (150, 152) bears against the cover cap (151, 153) in the axial direction or is integrally connected thereto. Container (100) according to the preceding claim, with at least one of the following features: the holding device is an external thread on the end portion (120, 122) of the outer shell (101) and the cover cap (151, 153) has a complementary internal thread which is screwed onto the external thread; the holding device (156, 158) is an internal thread (259, 359, 459) on the end portion of the outer shell (201, 301, 401) and the cover cap (263, 363, 463) has an external thread which is screwed into the internal thread (259, 359, 459); the holding device is a holding projection on the end portion (120, 122) of the outer shell (101) and the cover cap (151, 153) has a cylindrical inner surface with a Receiving groove into which the retaining projection projects and which, like a bayonet lock, holds the retaining projection in a form-fitting manner when closed. Container (100) according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the closure plug (150, 152) has a channel (170) with a threaded bore for connecting a fitting to the container (100) and wherein the cover cap (151, 153) has an opening (171) aligned with the channel (170) and designed as a through-bore. Container (100) according to claim 11, wherein the channel (170) is formed as a through-bore and the opening (171) is formed as a threaded bore. Container (100) according to at least one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the seal (155) comprises at least one O-ring and one support ring. Container (100) according to at least one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the liner (106) and / or the closure plug (150, 152) consists of a steel resistant to at least one of the following fluids: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (H2S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases and gas mixtures. Container according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of at least one end region of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) is reduced compared to the diameter of the liner in the region adjacent to the end region of the outer shell. Container according to the preceding claim, wherein a cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) is attached to the holding device of the outer shell (201, 301, 401, 501), the inner surface of which abuts against the outer surface of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) of reduced diameter. Container according to the preceding claim, wherein an internal thread (272, 372, 472, 572) is attached to the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) which is aligned with the opening of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506). Container according to the preceding claim, wherein a fitting is attached to the internal thread (272, 372, 472, 572) of the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563), which is sealed with respect to the opening of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506). Vehicle with a tank comprising a container (100) according to at least one of the preceding claims.

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