Small molecule protein degraders of kras g12d mutant

Abstract

Compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can modulate the G12D mutant of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein and are expected to have utility as therapeutic agents, for example, for treating cancer. The disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise compounds disclosed herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The disclosure also relates to methods for use of the compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the therapy and prophylaxis of cancer and for preparing pharmaceuticals for this purpose.

Description

SMALL MOLECULE PROTEIN DEGRADERS OF KRAS G12D MUTANTFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to certain compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that modulate the G12D mutant of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein and are expected to have utility as therapeutic agents, for example, for treatment of cancer. The present application also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds as well as methods of usingthe compounds for treating cancer.BACKGROUND

[0002] The KRAS gene belongs to the RAS family, is one of the common gene mutations in human cancers and encodes a small GTPase. RAS proteins are membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins which function as molecular switches. RAS proteins function as components of signaling pathways transmitting signals from cell-surface receptors to regulate cellular proliferation, survival and differentiation. RAS proteins cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. The KRAS gene is involved in the kinase signaling pathway that controls gene transcription, thereby regulating cell growth and differentiation. Within the cell, KRAS protein transitionsbetween an inactive and an active state - when KRAS binds to Guanosine Diphosphate (GDP), it is in the inactive state; when it binds to Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP), it is in the active state and can activate downstream signaling pathways. KRAS in most cells is inactivated and when activated, downstream signaling pathways that can be activated include the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K signaling pathway, and the Ral-GEFs signaling pathway. These signaling pathways play an important role in promoting cell survival, proliferation and cytokine release, thereby affecting tumorigenesis and progression.

[0003] In human cancers, KRAS gene mutations occur in nearly 90% of pancreatic cancers, about 30% to 40% of colon cancers, about 17% of endometrial cancers, and about 15% to 20% of Lung cancers (mostly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC). It also appears in cancer types such as cholangiocarcinoma, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer. That is, in many of the cancers described above, there is a high proportion of KRAS gene mutations. Most KRAS missense mutations occur in codon 12, resulting in glycine to other amino acids, for example, exchange of glycine for an aspartate at residue 12 of RAS (the G12Dmutation). Depending on the particular mutation present, G12C, G12D and G12R are the most common KRAS mutations in patients, e.g., KRAS G12D andKRAS G12V mutations, both found in about 90% of pancreatic cancers, andKRAS G12D is the most common KRAS mutation in colon cancer.

[0004] Currently in relation to KRAS G12D, in the case of anticancer drugs, small molecules traditionally inhibit the activity of target protein by targeted binding to induce cancer cell apoptosis, but target proteins in tumor cells often recovertheir activity and acquire drug resistance through overexpression of the target protein or incorporation of a new mutation in the target protein.

[0005] Targeted protein degraders (TPDs) are heterobifunctional molecules containing two small molecule binding moieties, joined together by a linker. One of the small molecule components is designed to bind with high affinity to a target protein in the cell and the other can bind with high affinity to an E3 ligase. In the cell, the TPD selectively binds to the target protein of interest. The TPD then recruits a specific E3 ligase to the target protein to form a ternary complex with both the target protein and the E3 ligase held in close proximity. The E3 ligase then recruits an E2 conjugating enzyme to the ternary complex. E2 is then able to ubiquitinate the target protein, labelling an available lysine residue on the protein, and then dissociates from the ternary complex. E3 can then recruit additional E2 molecules resulting in poly-ubiquitination of the target protein, labelling the target protein for potential degradation by the cell’s proteasome activity. A TPD is then able to dissociate from the targetprotein and initiate another catalytic cycle. The poly-ubiquitinated target protein is then recognized and degraded by the proteasome.

[0006] Accordingly, while progress has been made in this field, there remains a need in the art for small molecules that enable targeted degradation therapy for KRAS G12D mutation-related diseases or disorders. Embodiments of the present disclosure fulfill this need and provide further related advantages.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0007] The present disclosure provides small molecule protein degraders which modulate mutantKRAS proteins and may be valuable pharmaceutically active compoundsfor the treatment of cancer. The compounds of the disclosure, including compounds of Formula (I):and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, can modulate the KRAS activity and thereby affect the signaling pathway which regulates cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation associated with oncological disorders. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure can modulate the KRAS (G12D) protein. The disclosure furthermore provides processesfor preparing compounds of the disclosure, methods for using such compounds to treat oncological disorders, and pharmaceutical compositions which comprise compounds of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONCompounds of the Disclosure

[0008] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as shown above, wherein:Leis selected from the group consisting of:R5is H or C1-C3alkyl;Xe, Xf, Xg, and Xhare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(RLe), N, S, and O; wherein at least one of Xe, Xf, Xg, and Xhis C(H) or C(RLe); and each RLesubstituent is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1-C3alkoxy;W is -CH2- or -O-;Rb1is H, C1-C3alkyl, cyano, C1-C4alkylcyano, or fluoro;Rb2is fluoro;R1is C1-C6alkyl or-CH2-C1; wherein C1is a C3-C7cycloalkyl ring;R2is H, C1-C6alkyl, or-CH2OH;Xa, Xb, Xcand Xdare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(R4), N, N(R4), S and 0; wherein at least one of Xa, Xb, Xc, and Xdis C(H) or C(R4); R4is halo, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;X1is N or C(H);Rxis halo, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;Ring Y is(i) phenyl or naphthyl; or(ii) a 5- to 6-membered mono- or a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; wherein Ring Y is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 4 RYsubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C1-C3alkyl, C2-C3alkynyl, C1- C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3fluoroalkylthio, amino, C1-C3alkylamino, C1-C3dialkylamino, and cyano; each R3is independently H, fluoro, C1-C3alkyl, orC1-C3fluoroalkyl;A is selected from the group consisting of :Ring A is a saturated 8- to 10-membered N-containing bridged bicyclic ring which contains at least one further N atom in addition to the illustrated N atom;RAis selected from the group consisting of C1-C3alkyl, C2-C4alkenyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, halo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, CF3-C(H)(OH)-, C(H)(F2)-C(H)(OH)-, cyano, and C1-C3cyanoalkyl; each Ra* is independently C1-C3alkyl; subscript i is 0, 1, or 2; subscript j is 1, 2, or 3; sub script k is 0, 1, or 2; subscript m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; subscriptr is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscriptt is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; sub script u is 0 or 1; and sub scriptv is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0009] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W is -CH2-.

[0010] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W is -O-.

[0011] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript r is 2 or 3.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript r is 3.

[0013] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis

[0014] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5is H.

[0015] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis

[0016] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis selected from the

[0017] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript u is 0.

[0018] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

[0019] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

[0020] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0021] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the group consisting of:and wherein subscript y is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

[0022] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the group consisting of:

[0023] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the

[0024] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the

[0025] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A isor, and wherein subscriptv is 0, 1, or 2.

[0026] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1is t-butyl.

[0027] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is H.

[0028] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript] is 1 and each R3is H.

[0029] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structuralFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0030] In specific embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound as described in any one of Examples 1-27 as set forth below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0031] The present disclosure includes the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds defined herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of all structural formulas, embodiments and classes defined herein.Definitions

[0032] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0033] As used throughout this disclosure, “compound(s) of Formula (I)”, “compound(s) disclosed herein”, “compound(s) described herein”, “compound(s) of the disclosure”, etc., are used interchangeably and are to be understood to include the disclosed compounds of Formula (I). The compounds of Formula (I) can form salts which are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Reference to a compound of the disclosure (or compound of Formula (I)) herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.

[0034] “Alkenyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched. Non-limiting examples include ethenyl, propenyl, andbutenyl.

[0035] “Alkyl”, as well as other groups havingthe prefix “alk”, such as alkoxy, andthe like, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched, or combinations thereof, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms. For instance, a C1-C6alkyl means an alkyl group having one (i.e., methyl) up to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., hexyl). In particular embodiments, linear alkyl groups have 1-6 carbon atoms andbranched alkyl groups have3-7 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and the like.

[0036] “Alkylamino” means an alkyl group linked to an amine, wherein the nitrogen atom is substituted by one or more alkyl substituents. The bond to the parent group is through the nitrogen atom of the amino component.

[0037] “Alkylthio” means an alkyl group linked to a sulfur. “Fluoroalkylthio” means an alkylthio thatis mono-or multiple-fluoro-substituted. The bond to the parentgroup is through the sulfur atom of the group.

[0038] “Alkoxy” and “alkyl-O-” are used interchangeably and refer to an alkyl group linked to oxygen. “Fluoroalkoxy” means an alkoxy thatis mono-or multiple-fluoro-substituted. The bond to the parent group is through the oxygen atom of the group.

[0039] “ Alkoxyalkyl” means and alkoxy group linked to an alkyl. The bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the alkyl component.

[0040] “Alkynyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched. Non-limiting examples include ethynyl, propynyl, andbutynyl.

[0041] “ Amino” means an amine group that contains two substituents bonded to a nitrogen atom via two single covalent bonds. The bond to the parent group is through the nitrogen atom of the group.

[0042] “Aryl” means a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic carbocyclic aromatic ring or ring system containing 5-17 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic. Nonlimiting examples include phenyl and naphthyl.

[0043] “Bicyclic ring system” refers to two joined rings. “Tricyclic ring system” refers to three joined rings. “Tetracyclic ring system” refers to fourjoined rings. The rings may befused, i.e., share two adjacent atoms, or “spirocyclic”, i.e., share only a single atom, or “bridged”, i.e., share three or more atoms with two bridgehead atoms being connected by a bridge containing at least one atom. Likewise the bicyclic or tricyclic rings may be aryl rings, heterocyclic rings, cycloalkyl rings, etc.

[0044] “Carbamoyl” means a H2N-C(O)- group, which is the univalent group formed by loss of -OH group of carbamic acid. The bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the carbonyl component.

[0045] “Cyanoalkyl” means and cyano group linked to an alkyl. The bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the alkyl component.

[0046] “Cycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical. In particular embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 3-12 carbon atoms, forming 1-3 carbocyclic rings, wherein cyclic systems having 2-3 rings can be fused. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, and the like. “Fluorocycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical that is mono- or multiple-fluoro-substituted, e.g., doubly fluoro-substituted cyclopentyl. “Cycloalkoxy” refers to a cycloalkyl group linked through an oxygen to the parent moiety. “Spirocycloalkyl” means a saturated spirocyclic hydrocarbon radical having at least two rings sharing only a single atom.

[0047] “Dialkylamino” means an alkylamino as previously defined, wherein the nitrogen atom of the amine is substituted by two alkyl substituents, which substitutions canbe the same or different, e.g., -N(CH3)2or-N(CH3)(CH2CH3). The bondto the parentgroup is through the nitrogen atom of the amino component.

[0048] “Fluoroalky 1” includes mono-substituted as well as multiple fluoro-substituted alkyl groups, up to perfluoro substituted alkyl. For example, fluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl or 1 , 1 , 1 ,2,2-pentafluorobutyl are included. The bond to the parent group is through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl component.

[0049] “Halogen” or “halo”, unless otherwise indicated, includes fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) and iodine (iodo). In one embodiment, halo is fluoro (-F) or chloro (-C1).

[0050] “Heteroaryl” refers to aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring structures in which one or more atoms in the ring, the heteroatom(s), is an element other than carbon. Heteroatoms are typically O, S, orN atoms. Examples of heteroaryl groups includepyrazolyl, oxadiazolonyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridazinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, and imidazolyl.

[0051] “Heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclic ring” or “heterocycle” means a non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 17 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa, phospha or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. In some embodiments, the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. For instance, in some embodiments the heterocycloalkyl can contain N, S, S(O), S(O)2and / or 0 (which are referred to herein as “heteroatom groups”). Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morph olinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1,4- dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, phosphorinane, phosphinane, 1- oxophosphinan-l-ium and the like. “Spiroheterocycloalkyl” refers to a fused ring system in which the rings share only a single atom and at least one of the rings is a heterocycloalkyl.

[0052] “Hydroxyalkyl” means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. The bond to the parent moiety is through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl component. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxy alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl. “Hydroxyfluoroalkyl” means a HO-fluoroalkyl- group in which fluoroalkyl is as previously defined. “Hydroxycycloalkyl” means a HO- cycloalkyl- group in which cycloalkyl is as previously defined. “Hydroxyfluorocycloalkyl” means a HO-fluorocycloalkyl- group in which fluorocycloalkyl is as previously defined.

[0053] “Phenylene” means a divalent benzene radical, -C6H4-, wherein each of the two hydrogen atoms of the benzene is substituted by a substituent. Any of the remaining four hydrogen atoms of phenylene can be further substituted by optional substituents. Phenylene can exist in ortho-, meta-, or para- form.

[0054] When any variable (e.g., Rx) occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula (I) or other generic formulas herein, its definition on each occurrence is independentof its definition at every other occurrence. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds. In choosing compounds of the present disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the various substituents, e.g., Rx, are to be chosen in conformity with well-known principles of chemical structure connectivity and stability. Unless expressly stated to the contrary, substitution by a named substituent is permitted on any atom in a ring (e.g., aryl, a heteroaryl ring, or a saturated heteroaryl ring) provided such ring substitution is chemically allowed and results in a stable compound. A “stable” compound is a compound which can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be causedto remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).

[0055] The term “substituted” shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substituent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substitutedby one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly orplurally. By independently substituted, itis meantthat the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different.

[0056] Unless expressly depicted or described otherwise, variables depicted in a structural formula with a “floating” bond, such as Rx, are permitted on any available carbon atom in the ring to which the variable is attached. When a moiety is noted as being “optionally substituted” in Formula (I) or any embodiment thereof, it means that Formula (I) or the embodiment thereof encompasses compounds that contain the noted substituent (or substituents) on the moiety and also compounds thatdo not contain the noted substituent (or substituents) on the moiety.

[0057] The wavy lineas used herein, indicates a point of attachment to the rest of the compound.

[0058] The compounds of Formula (I) may contain one or more asymmetric centersand can thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereoisomeric mixtures and individual diastereoisomers. Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula (I) can all independently of one another have S configuration or R configuration. The compounds of Formula (I) include all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the disclosure in enantiomerically pure form, both aslevorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios. In the case of a cis / trans isomerism, the disclosure includes both the cis form and the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios. The present disclosure is meantto comprehend all such stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I). Where a structural formula or chemical name specifies a particular configuration at a stereocenter, the enantiomer or stereoisomer of the compound resulting from that specified stereocenter is intended. Where a structural formula of the compounds of Formula (I) indicates a straight line at a chiral center, the structural formula includes both the S and R stereoisomers associated with the chiral center and mixtures thereof.

[0059] The compounds of Formula (I) may be separated into their individual diastereoisomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof, or via chiral chromatography using an optically active stationary phase. Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing an asymmetric center of known absolute configuration. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) may also be used to determine the absolute stereochemistry. Alternatively, any stereoisomer or isomers of the compounds of Formula (I) may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting materials or reagents of known absolute configuration.

[0060] If desired, racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so that the individual enantiomers are isolated. The separation can be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as the coupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically pure compound to form a diastereoisomeric mixture, followed by separation of the individual diastereoisomers by standard methods, such as fractional crystallization or chromatography. The coupling reaction is often the formation of salts using an enantiomerically pure acid or base. The diasteromeric derivatives may then be converted to the pure enantiomers by cleavage of the added chiral residue. The racemic mixture of the compounds can also be separated directly by chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases, which methods are well known in the art.

[0061] The compounds of Formula (I) which contain olefinic double bonds, unless specified otherwise, they are meantto include both E and Z geometric isomers.

[0062] Some of the compounds described herein may exist as tautomers which have different points of attachment of hydrogen accompanied by one or more double bond shifts. For example, a ketone and its enol form are keto-enol tautomers. The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed by the compounds of Formula (I).

[0063] Some of the compounds of Formula (I) described herein may exist as atropisomers when the rotational energy barrier around a single bond is sufficiently high to prevent free rotation at a given temperature, thus allowing isolation of individual conformers with distinct properties. The individual atropisomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with compounds of Formula (I) of the present disclosure. When resolved, individual atropisomers can be designated by established conventions such as those specified by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 2013 Recommendations.

[0064] In the compounds of Formula (I), the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. The present disclosure as described and claimed herein is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of Formula (I) and embodiments thereof. For example, different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (1H) and deuterium (2H, also denoted herein as D). Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples. Isotopically- enriched compounds can be preparedwithout undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and / or intermediates.

[0065] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids. When a compound of Formula (I) is acidic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases, including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from such inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (ic and ous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganese (ic and ous), potassium, sodium, zinc and the like salts. Preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts. Salts preparedfrom pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines derived from both naturally occurring and synthetic sources. Pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases from which salts can be formed include, for example, arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl- morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hy drab amine, isopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

[0066] When a compound of Formula (I) is basic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic inorganic and organic acids. Such acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids. If a compound of Formula (I) simultaneously contains acidic and basic groups in the molecule, the disclosure also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts orbetaines (zwitterions). Salts can be obtainedfrom the compounds of Formula (I) by customary methods which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by combination with an organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by anion exchange or cation exchange from other salts. The present disclosure also includes all salts of the compounds of Formula (I) which, owingto low physiological compatibility, are not directly suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

[0067] Furthermore, the compounds of Formula (I) may exist in amorphous form and / or one or more crystalline forms, and as such all amorphous and crystalline forms and mixtures thereof of the compounds of Formula (I), including the Examples, are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, some of the compounds of Formula (I) may form solvates with water (i. e. , a hydrate) or common organic solvents such as but not limited to ethyl acetate. Such solvates and hydrates, particularly the pharmaceutically acceptable solvatesand hydrates, of the instant compounds are likewise encompassed within the scope of this disclosure, along with un-solvated and anhydrous forms.

[0068] Any pharmaceutically acceptable pro-drug modification of a compound of Formula (I) which results in conversion in vivo to a compound within the scope of this disclosure is also within the scope of this disclosure.

[0069] The present disclosure also relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of the disclosure which are described in the following and by which the compounds of the disclosure are obtainable.

[0070] The terms “therapeutically effective (or efficacious) amount” and similar descriptions such as “an amount efficacious for treatment” or “an effective dose” are intended to mean that amount of a compound of Formula (I) that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, a system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. In a preferred embodiment, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound of Formula (I) that alleviates at least one clinical symptom in a human patient. The terms “prophylactically effective (or efficacious) amount” and similar descriptions such as “an amount efficacious for prevention” are intended to mean that amount of a compound of Formula (I) that will prevent or reduce the risk of occurrence of the biological or medical event that is sought to be prevented in a tissue, a system, animal or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.Dosages of the compounds of Formula (I)

[0071] The dosage regimen utilizing a compound of Formula (I) is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the potency of the compound chosen to be administered; the route of administration; and the renal and hepatic function of the patient. A consideration of these factors is well within the purview of the ordinarily skilled clinician for the purpose of determining the therapeutically effective or prophylactically effective dosage amount needed to prevent, counter, or arrest the progress of the condition. It is understood that a specific daily dosage amount can simultaneously be both a therapeutically effective amount, e.g. , for treatment of an oncological condition, and a prophylactically effective amount, e.g., for prevention of an oncological condition.

[0072] While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of the compounds of Formula (I) is within the skill of the art. For administration to a human in, for example, the curative or prophylactic treatment of the conditions and disorders identified herein, the typical dosages of the compounds of Formula (I) can be about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 50 mg / kg / day, or at least 0.05 mg / kg, or at least 0.08 mg / kg, or at least 0.1 mg / kg, or at least0.2 mg / kg, or atleast 0.3 mg / kg, or at least0.4 mg / kg, or atleast 0.5 mg / kg, and any amount therebetween, to about 50 mg / kg or less, or about 40 mg / kg or less, or about30 mg / kg or less, or about 20 mg / kg or less, or about 10 mg / kg or less and any amount therebetween, which can be, for example, about2.5 mg / day (0.5 mg / kg x 5 kg) to about 5000 mg / day (50 mg / kg x 100 kg). For example, dosages of the compounds canbe aboutO.l mg / kg / day to about 50 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 10 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 5 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.07 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.09 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 0. 1 mg / kg / day, or about 0.1 mg / kg / day to about 1 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 10 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 5 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 3 mg / day to about 500 mg / day, or about 5 mg / day to about 250 mg / day, or about 10 mg / day to about 100 mg / day, or about 3 mg / day to about 10 mg / day, or about 100 mg / day to about 250 mg / day. Such doses may be administered in a single dose or may be divided into multiple doses.Pharmaceutical Compositions

[0073] The compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be administered to animals, preferably to mammals, and in particular to humans, as pharmaceuticals by themselves, in mixtures with one another or in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. The term “subject” or “patient” includes animals, preferably mammals and especially humans, who use the instant active agents for the prevention or treatment of a medical condition. Administering of the drug to the subject includes both self-administration and administration to the patient by another person. The subject may be in need of, or desire, treatment for an existing disease or medical condition, or may be in need of or desire prophylactic treatment to prevent or reduce the risk of occurrence of said disease or medical condition. As used herein, a subject “in need” of treatment of an existing condition or ofprophylactic treatment encompasses both a determination of need by a medical professional as well as the desire of a patient for such treatment.

[0074] The present disclosure therefore also provides the compounds of the disclosure and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for use as pharmaceuticals, theiruse for modulating the activity of mutant KRAS proteins and in particular their use in the therapy and prophylaxis of the below-mentioned diseases or disorders as well as their use for preparing medicaments for these purposes. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts inhibit the KRAS G12D protein.

[0075] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise as active component an effective dose of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a customary pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e., one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier substances and / or additives.

[0076] Thus, the present disclosure provides, for example, said compound and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts for use as pharmaceutical compositions which comprise as active component an effective dose of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a customary pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and the uses of said compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the therapy or prophylaxis of the below-mentioned diseases or disorders, e.g. , cancer, as well as their use for preparing medicaments for these purposes.

[0077] The pharmaceutical compositions according to the disclosure can be administered orally, for example, in the form of pills, tablets, lacquered tablets, sugar-coated tablets, granules, hard and soft gelatin capsules, aqueous, alcoholic or oily solutions, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, or rectally, for example, in the form of suppositories. Administration can also be carried out parenterally, for example subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously in the form of solutions forinjection or infusion.

[0078] Other suitable administration forms are, for example, percutaneous or topical administration, for example, in the form of ointments, tinctures, sprays or transdermal therapeutic systems, or, for example, microcapsules, implants or rods. The preferred administration form depends, for example, on the disease to be treated and on its severity.

[0079] The amount of active compound of a compound described herein and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the pharmaceutical composition normally is from 0.01 to 200 mg, or from 0.1 to 200 mg, or from 1 to 200 mg, per dose, but depending on the type of thepharmaceutical composition, it can also be higher. In some embodiments, the amount of active compound of a compound of Formula (I) and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the pharmaceutical composition is from 0.01 to 10 mgper dose. The pharmaceutical compositions usually comprise 0.5 to 90 percent by weight of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The preparation of the pharmaceutical compositions can be carried out in a manner known perse. For this purpose, one or more compounds of Formula (I) and / or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, together with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical carrier substances and / or additives (or auxiliary substances) and, if desired, in combination with other pharmaceutically active compounds having therapeutic or prophylactic action, are brought into a suitable administration form or dosage form which can then be used as a pharmaceutical in human or veterinary medicine.

[0080] For the production of pills, tablets, sugar-coated tablets and hard gelatin capsules, it is possible to use, for example, lactose, starch, for example, maize starch, or starch derivatives, talc, stearic acid or its salts, etc. Carriers for soft gelatin capsules and suppositories are, for example, fats, waxes, semisolid and liquid polyols, natural or hardened oils, etc. Suitable carriers for the preparation of solutions, for example, of solutions for injection, or of emulsions or syrups are, for example, water, physiologically acceptable sodium chloride solution, alcohols such as ethanol, glycerol, polyols, sucrose, invert sugar, glucose, mannitol, vegetable oils, etc. It is also possible to lyophilize the compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and to use the resulting lyophilisates, for example, for preparing preparations for injection or infusion. Suitable carriers for microcapsules, implants or rods are, for example, copolymers of glycolic acid and lactic acid.

[0081] Besides the active compounds and carriers, the pharmaceutical compositions can also contain customary additives, for example, fillers, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, wetting agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, dispersants, preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, aromatizers, thickeners, diluents, buffer substances, solvents, solubilizers, agents for achieving a depot effect, salts for altering the osmotic pressure, coating agents and / or antioxidants.Methods of Using the Compounds of Formula (I)

[0082] The present application provides a method of modulating RAS-mediated cell signaling comprising contacting a cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Modulation of RAS-mediated signal transduction can be assessed anddemonstrated by a wide variety of ways known in the art. Non-limiting examples include (a) a decrease in GTPase activity of RAS; (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding affinity; (c) an increase in Koffof GTP or a decrease in Koffof GDP; (d) a decrease in the levels of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the RAS pathway, such as a decrease in pMEK, pERK, or p AKT levels; and / or (e) a decrease in binding of RAS complex to downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf . Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of the above.

[0083] The present application also provides methods of using the compounds of the disclosure (or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts) or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds to treat disease conditions, including but not limited to, conditions implicated by mutant KRAS proteins (e.g., cancer), and in some embodiments the KRAS G12D mutant.

[0084] In some embodiments, a method of degrading a KRAS G12D protein in a cell is provided, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount a compound of the disclosure (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment, resultingin degradation of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

[0085] In some embodiments, a method of inhibiting a KRAS G12D protein in a cell is provided, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment, resulting in inhibition of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

[0086] In some embodiments, a method for treatment of cancer is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount a compound of the disclosure (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment. In some embodiments, the cancer is mediated by a KRAS mutation, e g., the KRAS G12D mutation. In various embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer or lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, or bile duct cancer.

[0087] In some embodiments the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein said method comprises determining if the subject has aKRAS mutation (e.g., KRAS G12D mutation) and if the subject is determined to have the KRAS mutation, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0088] The disclosed compounds inhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis. Accordingly, another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting tumor metastasis, the method comprising administering an effective amount a compound of Formula (I).

[0089] KRAS mutations have also been identified in hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow and / or lymph nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of the compounds of the disclosure (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) to a subject in need of treatment of a hematological malignancy. Such malignancies include, but are not limited to leukemias and lymphomas. For example, the presently disclosed compounds can be used for treatment of diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and / or other leukemias. In other embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatment of lymphomas such as Hodgkins lymphoma or nonHodgkins lymphoma. In various embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatment of plasma cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglubunemia.

[0090] Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRAS mutation (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation) can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence encoding the KRAS protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence of the KRAS protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a putative KRAS mutant protein. The sequences of wild-type human KRAS are known in the art.

[0091] Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS nucleotide sequence are also known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays, real-time PCR assays, PCR sequencing, mutant allele-specific PCR amplification (MASA) assays, direct sequencing, primer extension reactions, electrophoresis, oligonucleotide ligation assays, hybridization assays, TaqMan assays, SNP genotyping assays, high resolution melting assays and microarrayanalyses. In some embodiments, samples are evaluated for KRAS mutations (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation) by real-time PCR. In real-time PCR, fluorescent probes specific for the KRAS mutation are used. When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected. In some embodiments, the KRAS mutation is identified using a direct sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and / or exon 3) in the KRAS gene.

[0092] Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS protein (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation) are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, detection of a KRAS mutant using a binding agent (e.g., an antibody) specific for the mutant protein, protein electrophoresis and Western blotting, and direct peptide sequencing.

[0093] A number of tissue samples can be assessed for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRAS mutation (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation). In some embodiments, the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer. In some embodiments, the sample is a fresh tumor / cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a frozen tumor / cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a circulating tumor cell (CTC) sample. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to a cell lysate. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.

[0094] The present application also provides a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, saidmethod relates to the treatment of a subjectwho suffers from a cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood, AIDS- related cancers (e.g., Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell tumor, primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), embryonal tumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesion euroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, eye cancer, fibrous histiocytoma of bone, gall bladder cancer,gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), germ cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, liver cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, intraocular melanoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), lung cancer, lymphoma, metastatic squamous neck cancerwith occult primary, midline tract carcinoma, mouth cancer; multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma / plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplasia syndromes, myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, small cell lung cancer; small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, T-Cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, trophoblastic tumor, unusual cancers of childhood, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, or viral-induced cancer. In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).

[0095] In some embodiments, the methods for treatment are directed to treating lung cancers, and the methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of Formula (I) (or pharmaceutical composition comprising such compounds) to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the lung cancer is a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma. In some embodiments, the lung cancer is a small cell lung carcinoma. Other lung cancers which the compounds of Formula (I) may provide therapeutic benefit for include, but are not limited to, glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas.

[0096] The present disclosure also provides methods of modulating a mutant KRAS protein activity (e.g., activity resulting from the KRAS G12D mutation) by contacting the protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure. Modulation can be inhibiting or activating protein activity, or degrading targeted polypeptides or proteins. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity or degrading the mutant KRAS protein by contacting the mutant KRAS protein (e.g., KRAS G12D mutant) with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure in solution. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the mutant KRAS protein activity or degrading the mutant KRAS protein by contacting a cell, tissue, or organ that expresses the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity or degrading targeted polypeptides or proteins in subjects including, but not limited to, rodents and mammals (e.g., humans) by administering into the subjects an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure.Combination Therapies

[0097] One or more additional pharmacologically active agents may be administered in combination with a compound of Formula (I) (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof). An additional active agent (or agents) is intended to mean a pharmaceutically active agent (or agents) that is active in the body, including pro-drugs that convert to pharmaceutically active form after administration, which are different from the compound of Formula (I). The additional active agents also include free-acid, free-base and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said additional active agents. Generally, any suitable additional active agent or agents, including chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic antibodies, may be used in any combination with the compound of Formula (I) in a single dosage formulation (e.g., a fixed dose drug combination), or in one or more separate dosage formulations which allows for concurrent or sequential administration of the active agents (co-administration of the separate active agents) to subjects. In addition, the compounds of Formula (I) (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) can be administered in combination with radiation therapy, hormone therapy, surgery or immunotherapy.

[0098] The present application also provides methods for combination therapies in which the additional active agent is known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes which are used in combination with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment,such therapy includes, but is not limited to, the combination of one or more compounds of Formula (I) with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal and anti- hormonal agents, targeted therapy agents, and anti-angiogenesis agents, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect. In another embodiment, such therapy includes radiation treatment to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

[0099] Examples of additional active agents (i.e., additional anti-cancer agents) include chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., cytotoxic agents), immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal and anti-hormonal agents, targeted therapy agents, and anti-angiogenesis agents. Many anti-cancer agents can be classified within one or more of these groups. While certain anti-cancer agents have been categorized within a specific group(s) or subgroup(s) herein, many of these agents can also be listed within one or more other group(s) or subgroup(s), as wouldbe presently understood in the art. It is to be understood that the classification herein of a particular agent into a particular group is not intended to be limiting. Many anti-cancer agents are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure.

[0100] Further, an agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition). For example, suitable for use are one or more agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor “c-met”.

[0101] In an embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent is a chemotherapeutic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, a hormonal agent, an anti-hormonal agent, a targeted therapy agent, or an anti-angiogenesis agent (or angiogenesis inhibitor). In an embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent, a mitotic inhibitor, a plant alkaloid, an alkylating agent, an anti-metabolite, a platinum analog, an enzyme, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a retinoid, an aziridine, an antibiotic, a hormonal agent, an anti-hormonal agent, an anti-estrogen, an anti-androgen, an anti-adrenal, an androgen, a targeted therapy agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, a biological response modifier, a cytokine inhibitor, a tumor vaccine, a monoclonal antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, an anti- PD-1 agent, an anti-PD-L1 agent, a colony-stimulating factor, an immunomodulator, an immunomodulatory imide (IMiD), an anti-CTLA4 agent, an anti-LAGl agent, an anti-LAG3 agent, an anti-ILT4 agent, an anti-OX40 agent, a GITR agonist, a CAR-T cell, a BiTE, a signaltransduction inhibitor, a growth factor inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitor, a proteasome inhibitor, a cell-cycle inhibitor, an antiangiogenesis agent, a matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, a hepatocyte growth factor inhibitor, a TOR inhibitor, a KDR inhibitor, a VEGF inhibitor, a HIF-1α inhibitor, a HIF-2α inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitor, a RAF inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, an MCL-1 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, an SHP2 inhibitor, a HER-2 inhibitor, a BRAF-inhibitor, a gene expression modulator, an autophagy inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antiproliferative agent, and a glycolysis inhibitor.

[0102] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a chemotherapeutic agent. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include mitotic inhibitors and plant alkaloids, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, platinum analogs, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, retinoids, aziridines, and antibiotics.

[0103] Non-limiting examples of mitotic inhibitorsand plant alkaloids include taxanes such as cabazitaxel, docetaxel, larotaxel, ortataxel, paclitaxel, andtesetaxel; demecolcine; epothilone; eribulin; etoposide (VP- 16); etoposide phosphate; navelbine; noscapine; teniposide; thaliblastine; vinblastine; vincristine; vindesine; vinflunine; and vinorelbine.

[0104] Non-limiting examples of alkylating agents include nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, cytophosphane, estramustine, ifosfamide, mannomustine, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, trofosfamide, and uracil mustard; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan, and piposulfan; nitrosoureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine, streptozotocin, and TA-07; ethylenimines andmethylamelamines such as altretamine, thiotepa, triethylenemelamine, triethylenethiophosphaoramide, trietylenephosphoramide, and trimethylolomelamine; ambamustine; bendamustine; dacarbazine; etoglucid; irofulven; mafosfamide; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; procarbazine; temozolomide; treosulfan; and triaziquone.

[0105] Non-limiting examples of anti-metabolites include folic acid analogues such as aminopterin, denopterin, edatrexate, methotrexate, pteropterin, raltitrexed, and trimetrexate; purine analogs such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine, forodesine, thiamiprine, and thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as 5 -fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-azauridine, ancitabine, azacytidine, capecitabine, carmofur, cytarabine, decitabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifiuridine,doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, galocitabine, gemcitabine, and sapacitabine; 3- aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; broxuridine; cladribine; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; emitefur; hydroxyurea; mercaptopurine; nelarabine; pemetrexed; pentostatin; tegafur; and troxacitabine.

[0106] Non-limiting examples of platinum analogs include carboplatin, cisplatin, dicycloplatin, heptaplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin, and triplatin tetranitrate.

[0107] Non-limiting examples of enzymes include asparaginase and pegaspargase.

[0108] Non-limiting examples of topoisomerase inhibitors include acridine carboxamide, amonafide, amsacrine,belotecan, elliptinium acetate, exatecan, indolocarbazole, irinotecan, lurtotecan, mitoxantrone, razoxane, rubitecan, SN-38, sobuzoxane, and topotecan.

[0109] Non-limiting examples of retinoids include alitretinoin, bexarotene, fenretinide, isotretinoin, liarozole, RII retinamide, and tretinoin.

[0110] Non-limiting examples of aziridines include benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa.

[0111] Non-limiting examples of antibiotics include intercalating antibiotics; anthracenediones; anthracy cline antibiotics such as aclarubicin, amrubicin, daunomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, menogaril, nogalamycin, pirarubicin, and valrubicin; 6-diazo-5-oxo- L-norleucine; aclacinomysins; actinomycin; authramycin; azaserine; bleomycins; cactinomycin; calicheamicin; carabicin; carminomycin; carzinophilin; chromomycins; dactinomycin; detorubicin; esorubicin; esperamicins; geldanamycin; marcellomycin; mitomycins; mitomycin C; mycophenolic acid; olivomycins; novantrone; peplomycin; porfiromycin; potfiromycin; puromycin; quelamycin; rebeccamycin; rodorubicin; streptonigrin; streptozocin; tanespimyciir, tubercidin; ubenimex; zinostatin; zinostatin stimalamer; and zorubicin.

[0112] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a hormonal and / or anti- hormonal agent (i . e . , hormone therapy). Non-limiting examples of hormonal and anti- hormonal agents include anti-androgens such as abiraterone, apalutamide, bicalutamide, darolutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, goserelin, leuprolide, and nilutamide; anti-estrogens such as 4- hydroxy tamoxifen, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, EM-800, fosfestrol, fulvestrant, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene, and trioxifene; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, dexaminoglutethimide, mitotane, andtrilostane; androgens such as calusterone, dromo stand one propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, and testolactone; abarelix; anastrozole; cetrorelix; deslorelin; exemestane; fadrozole; finasteride; formestane; histrelin (RL 0903); human chorionic gonadotropin; lanreotide; LDI200 (Milkhaus); letrozole; leuprorelin; mifepristone; nafarelin; nafoxidine; osaterone; prednisone; thyrotropin alfa; andtriptorelin.

[0113] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an immunotherapeutic agent (i.e., immunotherapy). Non-limiting examples of immunotherapeutic agents include biological response modifiers, cytokine inhibitors, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, colony-stimulating factors, and immunomodulators.

[0114] Non-limiting examples of biological response modifiers, including cytokine inhibitors (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins, include interferon alfa / interferon alpha such as interferon alfa-2, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-nl, interferon alfa-n3, interferon alf aeon- 1, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, and leukocyte alpha interferon; interferon beta such as interferon beta- la, and interferon beta-lb; interferon gamma such as natural interferon gamma- la, and interferon gamma- lb; aldesleukin; interleukin-1 beta; interleukin-2; oprelvekin; sonermin; tasonermin; and virulizin.

[0115] Non-limiting examples of tumor vaccines include APC 8015, AVICINE, bladder cancer vaccine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), gastrin 17 immunogen, Maruyama vaccine, melanoma lysate vaccine, melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), TICE® BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), and viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital).

[0116] Non-limiting examples of monoclonal antibodies include abagovomab, adecatumumab, aflibercept, alemtuzumab, blinatumomab, brentuximab vedotin, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (lapan Pharmaceutical Development), daclizumab, daratumumab, denosumab, edrecolomab, gemtuzumab zogamicin, HER- 2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), ibritumomab tiuxetan, idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), ipilimumab, quavonlimab, vibostolimab, favezelimab, lintuzumab, LYM-1 -iodine 131 MAb (Techni clone), mitumomab, moxetumomab, ofatumumab, polymorphic epithelial mucin-yttrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), ranibizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab.

[0117] Non-limiting examples of immune checkpoint inhibitors include anti-PD-1 agents or antibodies such as cemiplimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab; anti-PD-L1 agents orantibodies such as atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab; anti-CTLA-4 agents or antibodies such as ipilumumab and quavonlimab; anti-LAGl agents; anti-LAG3 agents such as favezelimab, and anti-OX40 agents.

[0118] Non-limiting examples of colony-stimulating factors include darbepoetin alfa, epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, filgrastim, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, lenograstim, leridistim, mirimostim, molgramostim, nartograstim, pegfilgrastim, and sargramostim.

[0119] Non-limiting examples of additional immunotherapeutic agents include BiTEs, CAR-T cells, GITR agonists, imiquimod, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), mismatched double stranded RNA (Ampligen), resiquimod, SRL 172, andthymalfasin.

[0120] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a targeted therapy agent (i . e . , targeted therapy). Targeted therapy agents include, for example, monoclonal antibodies and small molecule drugs. Non-limiting examples of targeted therapy agents include signal transduction inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, cell-cycle inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, matrix -metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, hepatocyte growth factor inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, KDR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, fibroblast growth factors (FGF) inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, ERK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, HER-2 inhibitors, BRAF-inhibitors, BTK inhibitors (e.g., nemtabrutinib), gene expression modulators, autophagy inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, antiproliferative agents, and glycolysis inhibitors.

[0121] Non-limiting examples of signal transduction inhibitors include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, multiple-kinase inhibitors, anlotinib, avapritinib, axitinib, dasatinib, dovitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, lonidamine, nilotinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, pegvisomant, ponatinib, vandetanib, and EGFR inhibitory agents.

[0122] Non-limiting examples of EGFR inhibitory agents include small molecule antagonists of EGFR such as afatinib, brigatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, and osimertinib; and antibody -based EGFR inhibitors, including any anti-EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely blockEGFR activation by its natural ligand. Antibody-based EGFR inhibitory agents may include, for example, those described in Modjtahedi, H., et al., 1993, Br. J. Cancer 67:247-253; Teramoto, T , etal., 1996, Cancer 77:639-645; Goldstein et al, 1995, Clin. Cancer Res. 1 : 1311-1318; Huang, S. M., etal., 1999, Cancer Res. 15:59(8): 1935-40; and Yang, X., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 59: 1236-1243; monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3(Yang, 1999 supra); Mab C225 (ATCC AccessionNo. HB-8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof; specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA; afatinib, cetuximab; matuzumab; necitumumab; nimotuzumab; panitumumab; and zalutumumab.

[0123] Non-limiting examples of histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitors include belinostat, panobinostat, romidepsin, and vorinostat.

[0124] Non-limiting examples of proteasome inhibitors include bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib, marizomib (salinosporamide a), and oprozomib.

[0125] Non-limiting examples of cell-cycle inhibitors, including CDK inhibitors, include abemaciclib, alvocidib, palbociclib, and ribociclib.

[0126] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an anti-angiogenic agent (or angiogenesis inhibitor) including, but not limited to, matrix -metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors; EGFR inhibitors; TOR inhibitors such as everolimus and temsirolimus; PDGFR kinase inhibitory agents such as crenolanib; HIF-la inhibitors such as PX 478; HIF-2α inhibitors such as belzutifan and the HIF-2α inhibitors described in WO 2015 / 035223; fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or FGFR inhibitory agents such as B-FGF and RG 13577; hepatocyte growth factor inhibitors; KDR inhibitors; anti-Angl and anti-Ang2 agents; anti-Tie2 kinase inhibitory agents; Tek antagonists (US 2003 / 0162712; US 6,413,932); anti-TWEAK agents (US 6,727,225); ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (US 2002 / 0042368); anti-eph receptor and / or anti-ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (US 5,981,245; 5,728,813; 5,969, 110; 6,596,852; 6,232,447; and 6,057,124); and anti-PDGF-BB antagonists as well as antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding to PDGF-BB ligands.

[0127] Non-limiting examples of matrix -metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors include MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix -metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors, prinomastat, RO 32-3555, andRS 13-0830. Examples ofuseful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are described, for example, in WO 96 / 33172, WO 96 / 27583, EP 1004578 , WO 98 / 07697, WO 98 / 03516, WO 98 / 34918, WO 98 / 34915, WO 98 / 33768, WO 98 / 30566, EP 0606046, EP 0931788, WO 90 / 05719, WO 99 / 52910, WO 99 / 52889, WO 99 / 29667, WO 1999 / 007675 , EP 1786785, EP 1181017, US 2009 / 0012085 , US 5,863,949, US 5,861,510, and EP 0780386. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1 . More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and / orMMP-9 relative to the other matrix -metalloproteinases (i.e., MAP-1 , MMP-3 , MMP-4, MMP- 5, MMP-6, MMP- 7, MMP- 8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13).

[0128] Non-limiting examples of VEGF and VEGFR inhibitory agents include bevacizumab, cediranib, CEP 7055, CP 547632, KRN 633, orantinib, pazopanib, pegaptanib, pegaptanib octasodium, semaxanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, VEGF antagonist (Borean, Denmark), and VEGF- TRAP™.

[0129] The additional anti-cancer agent(s) may also be another anti-angiogenic agent including, but not limited to, 2-m ethoxyestradiol, AE 941, alemtuzumab, alpha-D148 Mab (Amgen, US), alphastatin, anecortave acetate, an giocidin, angiogenesis inhibitors, (SUGEN, US), angiostatin, anti-Vn Mab (Crucell, Netherlands), atiprimod, axitinib, AZD 9935, BAY RES 2690 (Bayer, Germany, BC 1 (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy), beloranib, benefin (Lane Labs, US), cabozantinib, CDP 791 (Celltech Group, UK), chondroitinase AC, cilengitide, combretastatin A4 prodrug, CP 564959 (OSI, US), CV247, CYC 381 (Harvard University, US), E 7820, EHT 0101, endostatin, enzastaurin hydrochloride, ER-68203-00 (IV AX, US), fibrinogen-E fragment, Flk-1 (ImClone Systems, US), forms of FLT 1 (VEGFR 1), FR-111142, GCS-100, GW 2286 (GlaxoSmithKline, UK), IL-8, ilomastat, IM-862, irsogladine, KM-2550 (KyowaHakko, Japan), lenalidomide, lenvatinib, MAb alpha5beta3 integrin, second generation (Applied Molecular Evolution, USA and Medlmmune, US), MAb VEGF (Xenova, UK), marimastat, maspin (Sosei, Japan), metastatin, motuporamine C, M- PGA, ombrabulin, 0X14503, PI 88, platelet factor 4, PPI 2458, ramucirumab, rBPI 21 and BPL derived antiangiogenic (XOMA, US), regorafenib, SC-236, SD-7784 (Pfizer, US), SDX 103 (University of California at San Diego, US), SG292 (Telios, US), SU-0879 (Pfizer, US), TAN- 1120, TBC-1635, tesevatinib, tetrathiomolybdate, thalidomide, thrombospondin 1 inhibitor, Tie-2 ligands (Regeneron, US), tissue factor pathway inhibitors (EntreMed, US), tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, tumstatin, TZ 93 , urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors, vadimezan, vandetanib, vasostatin, vatalanib, VE-cadherin-2 antagonists, xanthorrhizol, XL 784 (Exelixis, US), ziv-aflibercept, and ZD 6126.

[0130] In embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an additional active agent that disrupts or inhibits RAS-RAF-ERK or PI3K-AKT-TOR signaling pathways oris aPD-1 and / or PD-L1 antagonist. In embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a RAF inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, TOR inhibitor, MCL-1 inhibitor, BCL-2 inhibitor, SHP2 inhibitor, proteasome inhibitor, or immune therapy,including monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAGl, anti-LAG3, and anti-OX40 agents, GITR agonists, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.

[0131] Non-limiting examples of RAF inhibitors include dabrafenib, encorafenib, regorafenib, sorafenib, and vemurafenib.

[0132] Non-limiting examples of MEK inhibitors include binimetinib, CI-1040, cobimetinib, PD318088, PD325901, PD334581,PD98059, refametinib, selumetinib, and trametinib.

[0133] Non-limiting examples of ERK inhibitors include LY3214996, LTT462, MK-8353, SCH772984, ravoxertinib, ulixertinib, andan ERKi as describedin WO 2017 / 068412.

[0134] Non-limiting examples of PI3K inhibitors include 17-hydroxywortmannin analogs (e.g., WO 06 / 044453); AEZS-136; alpelisib; AS-252424; buparlisib; CAL263; copanlisib; CUDC-907; dactolisib (WO 06 / 122806); demethoxyviridin; duvelisib; GNE-477;GSK1059615; IC87114; idelalisib; INK1117; LY294002; Palomid 529; paxalisib; perifosine; PI-103; PI-103 hydrochloride; pictilisib (e.g., WO 09 / 036,082; WO 09 / 055,730); PIK 90;PWT33597; SF1126; sonolisib; TGI 00-115; TGX-221; XL147; XL-765; wortmannin; and ZSTK474.

[0135] Non-limiting examples of AKT inhibitors include Akt-1-1 (inhibits Aktl) (Barnett etal. (2005) Biochem. J., 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); Akt-1-1, 2 (Barnett etal. (2005) Biochem. J. 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); API-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91, 1808-12); 1-H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g., WO05011700); indole-3-carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. PatentNo. 6,656,963; Sarkar andLi (2004) JNutr. 134(12 Suppl), 3493S- 3498 S); perifosine, Dasmahapatra et al. (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. 10(15), 5242-52, 2004); phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (e.g., Gills and Dennis (2004) Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 13, 787-97); triciribine (Yang et al. (2004) CancerRes. 64, 4394-9); imidazooxazone compounds including trans-3-amino-l-methyl-3-[4-(3-phenyl-5H-imidazo[l,2-c]pyrido[3 ,4- e][l,3]oxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-cyclobutanol hydrochloride (WO 2012 / 137870) ; afuresertib;; capivasertib; MK2206; patasertib, and those disclosed in WO 2011 / 082270 and WO 2012 / 177844.

[0136] Non-limiting examples of TOR inhibitors include deforolimus; ATP-competitive TORC1 / TORC2 inhibitors, includingPI-103, PP242, PP30, andTorin 1; TORinhibitors in FKBP12 enhancer, rapamycins and derivatives thereof, including temsirolimus, everolimus, WO 9409010; rapalogs, e.g. as disclosed in WO 98 / 02441 and WO 01 / 14387, e.g. AP23573,AP23464, or AP23841; 40-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin, 40-[3- hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate]-rapamycin ; 40-epi-(tetrazolyl)-rapamycin (also called ABT578); 32-deoxorapamycin; 16-pentynyloxy-32(S)-dihydrorapanycin, and other derivatives disclosed in WO 05 / 005434; derivatives disclosed in US 5,258,389, WO 94 / 090101, WO 92 / 05179, US 5,118,677, US 5,118,678, US 5,100,883, US 5,151,413, US 5,120,842, WO 93 / 111130, WO 94 / 02136, WO 94 / 02485, WO 95 / 14023, WO 94 / 02136, WO 95 / 16691, WO 96 / 41807, WO 96 / 41807 and US 5,256,790; and phosphorus-containing rapamycin derivatives (e.g., WO 05 / 016252).

[0137] Non-limiting examples of MCL-1 inhibitors include AMG-176, MIK665, and S63845.

[0138] Non-limiting examples of SHP2 inhibitors include SHP2 inhibitors describedin WO 2019 / 167000 and WO 2020 / 022323.

[0139] Additional non-limiting examples of anti-cancer agents that are suitable for use include 2-ethylhydrazide, 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine, ABVD, aceglatone, acemannan, aldophosphamide glycoside, alpharadin, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, anagrelide, ANCER, ancestim, anti-CD22 immunotoxins, antitumorigenic herbs, apaziquone, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, azathioprine, BAM 002 (Novelos), bcl-2 (Genta), bestrabucil, biricodar, bisantrene, bromocriptine, brostallicin, bryostatin, buthionine sulfoximine, calyculin, cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, celmoleukin, clodronate, clotrimazole, cytarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong- A), defofamine, denileukin diftitox, dexrazoxane, diaziquone, dichloroacetic acid, dilazep, discodermolide, docosanol, doxercalciferol, edelfosine, eflornithine, EL532 (Elan), elfomithine, elsamitrucin, eniluracil, etanidazole, exisulind, ferruginol, folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid, gacytosine, gallium nitrate, gimeracil / oteracil / tegafur combination (S-l), glycopine, histamine dihydrochloride, HIT diclofenac, HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical), human fetal alpha fetoprotein, ibandronate, ibandronic acid, ICE chemotherapy regimen, imexon, iobenguane, IT-101 (CRLX101), laniquidar, LC 9018 (Yakult), leflunomide, lentinan, levamisole + fluorouracil, lovastatin, lucanthone, masoprocol, melarsoprol, metoclopramide, miltefosine, miproxifene, mitoguazone, mitozolomide, mopidamol, motexafin gadolinium, MX6 (Galderma), naloxone + pentazocine, nitracrine, nolatrexed, NSC 631570 octreotide (Ukrain), olaparib, P-30 protein, PAC-1, palif ermin, pamidronate, pamidronic acid, pentosan polysulfate sodium, phenamet, picib anil, pixantrone, platinum, podophyllinic acid, porfimer sodium, PSK (Polysaccharide-K), rabbit antithymocyte polyclonal antibody, rasburiembodiment, retinoic acid, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, romurtide, samarium (153 Sm)lexidronam, sizofiran, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, spirogermanium, strontium-89 chloride, suramin, swainsonine, talaporfin, tariquidar, tazarotene, tegafur-uracil, temoporfin, tenuazonic acid, tetrachlorodecaoxide, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, TLC ELL-12, tositumomab-iodine 131, trifluridine andtipiracil combination, troponin I (Harvard University, US), urethan, valspodar, verteporfm, zoledronic acid, andzosuquidar.

[0140] The present disclosure further provides a methodfor usingthe compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation therapy to treat cancer. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein. The administration of the compound of Formula (I) in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.

[0141] Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including, without limitation, external-beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachytherapy. The term "brachytherapy," as used herein, refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended, without limitation, to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g , At-211, I -131, I - 125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm- 153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids. By way of non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as I- 125, I -131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I -125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of I -125 or I -131 , or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, Y-90. Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive microspheres.

[0142] The present disclosure also provides methods for combination therapies in which the additional active agent is known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes which are used in combination with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, such therapy includes, but is not limited to, the combination of one or more compounds of Formula (I) with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal therapyagents, therapeutic antibodies, targeted therapy agents, and radiation treatment, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

[0143] The compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure will be co-administered with other agents as described above. When used in combination therapy, the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound of Formula (I) and any of the agents described above can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of Formula (I) and any ofthe agents described above canbe simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, a compound of Formula (I) can be administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of Formula (I) and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.

[0144] As one aspect of the present disclosure contemplates the treatment of the disease / conditions with a combination of pharmaceutically active compounds that may be administered separately, the disclosure further relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of Formula (I), and a second pharmaceutical compound. The kit comprises a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Additional examples of containers include syringes, boxes, and bags. In some embodiments, the kit comprises directions for the use of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g. , oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing health care professional.

[0145] The present disclosure also provides forthe compound ofFormula(I), orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in therapy. The present disclosure alsoprovides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating cancer, or use of a compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer. The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer. The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, forusein the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti -cancer agent for treating cancer. The disclosure also provides the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer. The present disclosure also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer. The present disclosure also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for treating cancer.Methods of Preparing the Compounds of the Disclosure

[0146] The compounds described herein can be prepared according to the procedures of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples. The compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the disclosure. The examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. For instance,in some cases, the order of carrying out the steps of reaction schemes may be varied to facilitate the reaction or to avoid unwanted reaction products. These examples are provided for the purpose of further illustration only and are not intended to be limitations on the disclosure.Any intermediates described below may be referred to herein by their number preceded by "Int- "

[0147] Throughout the synthetic schemes and examples, abbreviations and acronyms may be used with the following meanings unless otherwise indicated: s = singlet; d = doublet; t = triplet; q = quartet; sep = septet; dd = double doublet; dt = double triplet; td = triple doublet; tt = triple triplet; ddd = double double doublet; ddt = double double triplet; dtd = double triple doublet; tdd = triple double doublet; m = multiplet; br = broad; brs = broad singlet; Ac = acetyl; AcO = acetate; AcOH = acetic acid; BI-DIME = 3-(tert-butyl)-4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3- dihydrobenzo[d][l,3]oxaphosphole; Bn = benzyl; BnO = benzyloxy; Boc = tert- butyloxy carbonyl; Boc2O = di-tert-b uty 1 decarbonate; BOP = benzotriazol-1 - yloxy tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; Bpin: pinacol boronic ester; Bu = butyl; tBu = tert-butyl; tBuO = OtBu = tert-butoxide; calc’d = calculated; cone. = concentrated; DCE = 1,2-dichloroethane; DCM = dichloromethaneDIPEA =N,N-diisopropylethylamine;DMF = N, N-dimethylformamide; DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide; DMSO-d6= deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide; dppf= 1, 1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; ESI = electrospray ionization; Et= ethyl; EtOAc = ethyl acetate; EtOH = ethanol; Ex. = example; Fmoc = fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; GDP = guanosine diphosphate; h = hour; HPLC = high pressure liquid chromatography; Int = intermediate; iPr = isopropyl; iPrOH = isopropyl alcohol;LiHMDS = Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; M= Molar; mCPBA = 3-chlorobenzoperoxoic acid = m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; Me = methyl; MeCN = acetonitrile; MeOH = methanol; min = minute; MO = methoxy; MOM = meth oxy methyl; MS = mass spectrometry; N = Normal; nBuLi = n-butyllithium; NIS = N-iodosuccinimide; NMP = N-methyl-2 -pyrrolidone; NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance; PdCl2(DPEPhos) = dichlorobis(diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether palladium(II); Pd(dppf)C12 = [1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II); pet. ether = petroleum ether; PMB = 4-methoxybenzyl =p-methoxy benzyl; PyAOP = (7-azabenzotriazol-l- yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; PyBOP = (benzotriazol-1 - yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; rac = racemic; RT = room temperature; RuPhos Pd G2 = chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,6’-diisopropoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino-1,1' -biphenyl)]palladium(II); sat’d = saturated; sc = supercritical; scCO2= supercritical carbon dioxide; SFC = supercritical fluid chromatography; SPhos Pd G3 = (2- dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl)[2-(2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate; Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl; TfO = trifluoromethanesulfonate; TFA = trifluoroacetic acid; THF = tetrahydrofuran; THP = tetrahydropyran; TMP: 2, 2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidinyl; pTsOH = / ?-toluenesulfonic acid = 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; XPhos Pd G2 = chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl)[2-(2'- amino-1,1'-biphenyl)]palladium(II); Xphos Pd G3 = (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,4’,6’- triisopropyl-l, l’-biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino-1,1'-biphenyl)]palladium (II) methanesulfonate; Xphos Pd G3 = (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,4’,6’-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino-1,1'- biphenyl)]palladium(II) methane sulfonate; μm = micrometer.

[0148] The reagents used in the Examples are commercially available products unless indicated otherwise. Prepacked columns manufactured by Teledyne ISCO or Biotage were used in silica gel column chromatography and basic silica gel column chromatography. AVANCE III HD 500 spectrometer (500 MHz; BRUKER) were used for NMR spectra. For a deuterated solvent containing tetramethylsilane, tetramethylsilane was used as the internal reference. For other cases, measurement was performed using an NMR solvent as the internal reference. All δ values are indicated in ppm. Microwave reactions were performed using an Initiator (trademark) manufactured by Biotage. RediSepRf C18 High Performance GOLD columns manufactured by Teledyne ISCO Inc. were used for preparative reversed-phase HPLC.EXAMPLESSynthesis of Substituted Piperidin-3-yl Methanol and Morpholin-2-yl MethanolIntermediates

[0149] (3 -methylpiperidin-3 -yl)methanol

[0150] Racemic tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate was separated by chiral SFC (IG: 4.6x250 mm / 5 um, 10%MeOH in scCO2with 0.1% NH4OH modifier) to give tert-butyl 3 -(hydroxymethyl)-3 -methylpiperidine- 1 -carboxylate, peak 1 (4 g) and tertbutyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 2 (4.1 g). To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 1 (2.0 g, 8.7 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0 °C was added HCl (2 M in dioxane, 8.7 mL, 17 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give (3 - methylpiperidin-3-yl)m ethanol (1.1 g), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification.

[0151] In a similar vein, tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 2 can be deprotected and carried to subsequent steps. Alternatively, TFA may be used as the deprotecting agent.

[0152] (3 -fluoropiperidin-3 -yl)methanol

[0153] Step A: 1 -(tert-butyl) 3-ethyl 3-fluoropiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate

[0154] To a stirred solution of 1 -(tert-butyl) 3-ethyl piperidine- 1,3 -dicarboxylate (10.0 g, 38.9 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at -78 °C was added LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 78 mL, 78 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 min, and then N-fluoro-N- (phenylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide(24.5 g, 78 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 16 h, cooled to 0 °C, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NH4CI. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried overl Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (alumina, 10% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give 1 - (tert-butyl) 3-ethyl 3-fluoropiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate (5.0g).

[0155] Step B: Tert-butyl 3 -fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate

[0156] To a stirred solution of 1 -(tert-butyl) 3-ethyl 3-fluoropiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate (5.0 g, 18 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at 0 °C was added LiBH4(1.19 g, 54.5 mmol) portionwise. Theresulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h, cooled to 0 °C, and then quenched with ice water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (alumina, 15%EtOAc / pet. ether) to give racemic tert-butyl 3-fluoro-3- (hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (2.0g). The racemic compound was separatedby chiral SFC (IG, 4.6x250 mm / 5 um, 10%MeOHin scCO2with 0.1% NH4OH modifier) to give tert-butyl 3-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 1 (700 mg) and tert-butyl 3-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate, peak2 (600 mg).

[0157] Step C: (3-fluoropiperidin-3-yl)methanol

[0158] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 2 (2.5 g, 11 mmol) from multiple batches in dioxane (5 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 26.8 mL, 107 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo (after repeated concentration with toluene) to give (3-fluoropiperidin-3- yl)methanol (2.5 g), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification.

[0159] In a similar vein, tert-butyl 3-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate, peak 1 can be deprotected and carried to subsequent steps.

[0160] (5 ,5 -difluoro- 3 -methylpiperidin-3 -yl)m ethanol

[0161] Step A: l-(tert-butyl) 3-methyl 5,5-difluoro-3-methylpiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate

[0162] To a stirred solution of 1 -(tert-butyl) 3-methyl 5,5-difluoropiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate (900 mg, 3.22 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at -78 °C was added LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 3.87 mL, 3.87 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 10 min, and thenMel (0.22 mL, 3.54 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed to RT for 30 min and then quenched by addition of sat’d NH4C1. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give l-(tert-butyl) 3-methyl 5,5-difluoro-3-methylpiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate (900 mg).1H NMR. (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.03 - 3.47 (m, 6H), 3.44 - 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.52 (br s, 1H), 2.10 - 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.24- 1.23 (m, 3H).

[0163] Step B: Tert-butyl 3, 3 -difluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5 -methylpiperidine- 1 -carboxy late

[0164] To a stirred solution of 1 -(tert-butyl) 3-methyl 5, 5 -difluoro-3 -methylpiperidine- 1,3- dicarboxylate (998 mg, 3.40 mmol) from multiple batches in THF (10 mL) was added LiBH4(200 mg, 9.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h and then quenchedby addition of water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl 3,3- difluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate (830 mg), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0165] Step C: (5,5-difluoro-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methanol

[0166] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3,3-difluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylpiperidine- 1 -carboxylate (830 mg, 3.13 mmol) in iPrOH (3 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 10 mL, 40 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give (5,5-difluoro-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methanol, which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C7H14F2NO [M+H]+: 166; found: 166.

[0167] The compound in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis by makingthe appropriate substitution for the corresponding ester, such as using 4-(tert-butyl) 2 -ethyl morpholine-2,4-dicarboxylate. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0168] 3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3-carbonitrile

[0169] Step A: 1 -(tert-butyl) 3 -methyl 3 -cy anopiperidine- 1, 3 -dicarboxylate

[0170] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3 -cyanopiperidine- 1-carboxylate (500 mg, 2.38 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -78 °C were added methyl chloroformate (0.35 mL, 5.3 mmol) and LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 7.13 mL, 7.13 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at O °C for 1 h, stirred at RT for 1 h, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NH4Cl. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-27% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give 1 -(tert- butyl) 3 -methyl 3-cyanopiperidine-l,3-dicarboxylate (250 mg).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.55 - 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.27 (br d, J= 11.44 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (br s, 1H), 2.27 (br d, 12.87 Hz, 1H), 2.08 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.93 - 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H).

[0171] Step B: 7crt-butyl 3 -cyano-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

[0172] To a stirred solution of 1 -(tert-butyl) 3 -methyl 3 -cyanopiperidine- 1,3 -dicarboxylate (250 mg, 0.932 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NaBH4(176 mg 4.66 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then quenched by addition of water and then 1 M HCl until pH = 7. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-40% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 3-cyano-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (220 mg).

[0173] Step C: 3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3-carbonitrile

[0174] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-cyano-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (220 mg, 0.916 mmol) in iPrOH (1 mL) was added HCl (in dioxane, 5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give 3- (hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3-carbonitrile (120 mg), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification. ESl-MS m / z calc’d for C7H13N2O [M+H]+: 141; found: 141.Synthesis of Quinazoline Cores

[0175] 7 -bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol

[0176] Step A: 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid

[0177] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluorobenzoic acid (30.0 g, 128 mmol) in DMF (100 mL)was added NIS (86.5 g, 385 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 100 °C for 5 h, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of water. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water, and then dried in vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid (44.5 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0178] Step B: Methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoate

[0179] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid (3.00 g, 8.34 mmol) and K2CO3(3.46 g, 25.0 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added Mel (0.57 mL, 9.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for2 h, and then additional Mel (0.10 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h, diluted with EtOAc, and quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, and then concentrated in vacuo to give the crude ester. To a stirred solution of the crude ester and pyridine (2.02 mL, 25 mmol) in DCM 930 mL) was added AcCl (0.77 mL, 11 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 days and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc, washed with water, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in MeCN, heated to 80 °C for 30 min, and then cooled to RT. The precipitate was filtered and dried in vacuo to give methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5 -iodobenzoate (1.96 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C10H9BrFINO3[M+H]+: 416; found: 416.1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

[0180] Step C: Methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate

[0181] To a stirred mixture of methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoate (1.95 g, 4.69 mmol) and Cui (536 mg, 2.81 mmol) in NMP (20 mL) was added methyl 2,2-difluoro-2- fluorosulfonyl-acetate (1.78 mL, 14.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2.5h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10-65% EtOAc / hexanes) to give methyl 2- acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (1.36 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C11H9BrF4NO3[M+H]+: 358; found: 358.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.39 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.1 l (s, 3H).

[0182] Step D: 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid

[0183] A stirred solution of methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (1.36 g, 3.08 mmol) in 10% HCl in MeOH (20 mL) was heated to 80 °C for 4 h, cooled to RT, and then concentrated in vacuo to give the crude ester. To a stirred solution of the crude ester in THF (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH · H2O (797 mg, 19.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 70 °C for 3 h, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of HCl (2 M in water) until neutral. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and then concentrated in vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-3- fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1.15 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C8H5BrF4NO2[M+H]+: 302; found: 302.1HNMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.62 (br s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.46 (br s, 2H).

[0184] Step E: 7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol

[0185] A stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (9.34 g, 30.9 mmol) from multiple batches in thionyl chloride (22.5 mL, 310 mmol) was heated to 80 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, and then concentrated in vacuo (after repeated concentration with toluene) to give the crude acid chloride. To a stirred mixture of the acid chloride in acetone (30 mL) at 0 °C was added NH4SCN (2.50 g, 33.0 mmol) in acetone (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered to give the crude quinazoline. To a stirred solution of the quinazoline in NaOH (2.0 M in water, 60 mL, 120 mmol)was added Mel (2.31 mL, 37.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, and then additional Mel (0.75 mmol, 12.1 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min and then filtered. To the filtrate was added 2.0 MHCl until pH = 3. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water, and then dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give 7- bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol (10. 1 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d forC10H5BrF4N2OS [M+H]+: 357; found: 357.Synthesis of Piperidinyl and Morpholinyl Heptanoate Intermediates

[0186] Intermediate A009: Methyl (R and S)-7-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l- yl)heptanoate (Int-A009)

[0187] To a stirred solution of (R and S)-(3 -methylpiperidin-3 -yl)methanol (921 mg, 7.13 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) were added methyl 7-bromoheptanoate (1.59 g, 7. 13 mmol) and NEt3(2.98 mL, 21.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C overnight, cooled to RT, filtered through a plug of CELITE®, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM and quenched by addition of sat’dNaHCO3The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 : 1 sat’d NaHCO3 / brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford methyl (R and S)-7-(3 -(hvdroxvmethyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (Int-A009) (1.35 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C15H30NO3[M+H]+: 272; found: 272.

[0188] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A009 by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding amine. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. Alternatively, DMF may be used as the solvent.

[0189] A representative NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0190] Int-A045

[0191] 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ 4.13 (q, 7= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (ddd, 7= 11.5, 8.3, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.84 - 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.68 - 3.61 (m, 1H), 2.64 (br d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 - 2.46 (m, 1H), 2.38 - 2.18 (m, 6H), 1.63 (quin, 7= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.53 - 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.39- 1.30 (m, 4H), 1.26 (t, 7= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H).

[0192] Intermediate C01: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C01)

[0193] Step A: 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (Int-C01A)

[0194] To a stirred solution of 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (6.26 g, 22.0 mmol) in THF (31 mL) was added TMP2Zn · MgCl2· LiCl (0.2 Min THF, 127 mL, 25.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. Then, to a stirred solution of 3 - (methoxy methoxy )-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl tri fluoromethanesulfonate (13.64 g, 26.4 mmol) and XPhos Pd G3 (2.79 g, 3.30 mmol) in dioxane (56 mL) was added the above aged solution via a cannula. The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C overnight, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The resulting mixture was stirred, and then filtered. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% DCM / hexanes) to give racemic 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(meth oxy methoxy )-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (9.22 g). The racemic compound from a second batch (1.83 g) was combined and separated by chiral SFC (IC: 21x250 mm / 5 um, 20% iPrOH in scCO2with 0.1% NH4OH modifier) to give 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen- l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline, peak 1 (Int-COIA) (5.11 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C36H45F2N2O3SSi [M+H]+: 651 ; found: 651.

[0195] Step B: 6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen- l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-COIB)

[0196] To a stirred solution of 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline, peak 1 (Int-COIA) (1.70 g, 2.61 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) and water (5.22 mL) was added TFA (0.52 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-COIB), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C32H37F2N2O3SSi [M+H]+: 595; found: 595.

[0197] Step C: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C01C)

[0198] To a stirred solution of 6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-COIB) in MeCN (6.5 mL) were added DIPEA (1.14 mL, 6.53 mmol) and BOP (1.73 g, 3.92 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 5 min and then tert-butyl (1S,5R)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (709 mg, 3.13 mmol) in MeCN (6.5 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 70 °C for 2 h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenchedby addition of sat’ dNaHCO3. The organic layerwas separated, washed with sat’d NaHCO3(2x), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-55% EtOAc / hexanes) to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8- difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2- (methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-l -methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octane-8 -carboxylate (Int- C01C) (0.86 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C44H57F2N4O4SSi [M+H]+: 803; found: 803.

[0199] Step D: tert- butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C01)

[0200] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3 -(6, 8-difluoro-7-(3 -(meth oxymeth oxy )-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C01C) (860 mg, 1.07 mmol) in DCM (5.4 mL) at 0 °C was added mCPBA (70 wt%, 634 mg, 2.57 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and then diluted with cold EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with cold 1 :1 sat’d NaHCO3 / sat’d Na2S2O3, dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-90% EtOAc / hexanes) to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)- 2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octane-8-carboxylate (Int- C01) (800 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C44H57F2N4O6SSi [M+H]+: 835; found: 835.1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.93 (dd, J= 1 .0, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J= 1.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 - 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J= 7.4, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J =2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 4.85 - 4.76 (m, 2H), 4.44 (br d, J= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (br d, J= 12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (br d, J= 12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 4H), 2.28 - 2.18 (m, 1H), 2.02- 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.89 - 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1 .63 - 1 .43 (m, 12H), 0.91 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 9H), 0.85 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 9H).

[0201] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-COl by makingthe appropriate substitutions. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as describedin the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. In Step A, alternatively, XPhos Pd G2 may be used. Also, if containing a mixture of isomers, the intermediate may be further separated by chiral SFC such as with AD or AS columns.

[0202] A representative NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0203] Int-C07

[0204] 1HNMR(400MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.04 (s, 1H),7.13 (d,J=8.6Hz, 4H), 6.83 (d,J=8.6 Hz, 4H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.81 -4.67 (m, 3H), 4.64-4.50 (m, 3H), 4.42-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.80 (br d, J= 12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 6H), 3.69 (brd, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.42 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, 3H), 1.94 -1.75 (m,3H), 1.74- 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.53 (s, 9H).

[0205] Intermediate C02: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-7-(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l -methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02)

[0206] Step A: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02A)

[0207] To a stirred solution of 2,4-dichloro-6,8-difluoroquinazoline (5.10 g, 21.7 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) were added tert-butyl (1S,5R)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octane-8- carboxylate (4.91 g, 21.7 mmol) and DIPEA (11.4 mL, 65.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-15% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2- chloro-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02A) (9.20 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C20H24ClF2N4O2[M+H]+: 425; found: 425.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 - 7.21 (m, 2H), 4.43 - 4.28 (m, 2H), 4.18 (br d, J= 12.47 Hz, 1 H), 3.56 (br d, J = 12.47 Hz, 2H), 2.01 - 1 .82 (m, 2H), 1.81 - 1 .70 (m, 1 H), 1 .58 (s, 4H), 1.51 (s, 9H).

[0208] Step B: tert- butyl (1S,5R)-3-(7-bromo-2-chloro-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl- 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.11octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02B)

[0209] To a stirred solution of diisopropylamine (3.00 mL, 9.41 mmol) in THF (9 mL) at 0 °C was added nBuLi (2.5 Min hexanes, 7.00 mL, 17.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min. Then, to a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-6,8- difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02A) (4.00 g, 9.41 mmol) in THF (40 mL) at -75 °C was added the above aged solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at -75 °C for 1 h and quenched by addition of sat’d NH4C1. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 17% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(7-bromo-2-chloro-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C02B) (3.50 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C20H2381BrClF2N4O2[M+H]+: 505; found: 505.1HNMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 (br dd, J= 2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 - 4.31 (m, 2H), 4.20 (br d, J= 12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J= 12.2 Hz, 2H), 2.03 - 1.74 (m, 4H), 1 .60 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 9H).

[0210] Step C: tert- butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-7-(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l- yl)-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int- C02)

[0211] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(7-bromo-2-chloro-6,8-difluoroquinazolin- 4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02B) (8.00 g, 15.9 mmol) in THF (80 mL) were added 2-(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)-4, 4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (5.54 g, 15.9 mmol), K3PO4(10. l g, 47.6 mmol), racemic BIDIME (1.05 g, 3.18 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2(0.357 g, 1.59 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C for 16 h, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of brine. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give racemic tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-7-(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)-6,8- difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (5.40 g). The racemic compound was separated by chiral SFC (Cellulose-2: 50x250 mm / 10 um, 35% EtOH in scCO2with 0.1% NH4OH modifier) to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-7-(8-chloro-3- (methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)-6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate, peak 1 (Int-C02) (2.20 g). ESI-MS m / zcalc’d for C32H33C12F2N4O4[M+H]+: 645; found: 645.1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.77 (dd, J= 1 .6, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 - 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.20 (d, J= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 4.45 (br d, J= 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.38 - 4.29 (m, 2H), 3.69 - 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.04 - 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.87 - 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.71 - 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 9H).

[0212] Int-C04 in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis for Int-C02 by making the appropriate substitutions. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as describedin the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. In Step C, Pd(dppf)Cl2was used as the catalyst and chiral SFC was skipped.

[0213] The NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0214] Int-C04

[0215] 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.85 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.46 - 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.35 - 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.29 - 7.27 (m, 1H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 4.49 - 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.31 (br dd, J= 12.7, 15.9 Hz, 1H), 3.69 - 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.05 - 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.87 - 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.65 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 3H), 1.55 (s, 9H).

[0216] Intermediate C05: 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazoline (Int-C05)

[0217] To a stirred solution of 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline, peak 1 (Int-COIA) (5.11 g, 7.85 mmol) in DCM (102 mL) at 0 °C was added mCPBA (70 wt%, 3.52 g, 15.7 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min, warmed to RT, and stirred atRT overnight. The resulting mixture was quenchedby addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 4-(tert-butoxy)-6.8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2- (methylsulfonyl)quinazoline (Int-C05) (5.19 g), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C36H44F2N2NaO5SSi [M+Na]+: 705; found: 705.

[0218] Intermediate C08: Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3.8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08)

[0219] Step A: Tert-butyl 3-(7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin- 4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08A)

[0220] To a stirred solution of 7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin- 4-ol (20 g, 56.0 mmol) in MeCN (200 mL) were added BOP (37.2 g, 84.0 mmol) and DIPEA (27.8 mL, 168 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 10 min and then tert-butyl 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (17.8 g, 84.0 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C for 8 h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10% EtOAc / pet ether) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6- (trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08A) (27.7 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C21H24BrF4N4O2S [M+H]+: 551 ; 553; found: 551, 553. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 4.48 (br d, J= 12.5 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (br s, 2H), 3.67 (br d, J= 12.5 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 1.91 (br d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (br d, 7= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (s, 9H).

[0221] Step B : Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3,2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08B)

[0222] To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6- (trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08A) (10.5 g, 19.0 mmol) in dioxane (25 mL) were added tert-butyl (3-cyano-4-(5,5-dimethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborinan-2-yl)-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)carbamate (10.0 g, 24.8 mmol), PdCl2(DPEPhos) (2.73 g, 3.81 mmol) and Cs2CO3(27.9 g, 86.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C for 15 h, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 19% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give racemic tert- butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3 ,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (5.56 g). The racemic compound was separatedby chiral SFC (IG, 50x250mm / 10 um, 30% iPrOH in scCO2with 0. 1% NH4OH modifier) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6- (trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate, peak 2 (Int- C08B) (2.19 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C35H36F5N6O4S2[M+H]+: 763; found: 763.

[0223] Step C : Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b1thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)- 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C08)

[0224] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate, peak 2 (Int-C08B) from several batches (3.20 g, 4.19 mmol) in DCM (32 mL) was added mCPBA (85 wt%, 1.87 g, 9.23 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h, diluted with DCM, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 34% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)- 8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane- 8-carboxylate (Int-C08) (2.8 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C35H36F5N6O6S2[M+H]+: 795; found: 795.1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J= 8.3, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (t, J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (br d, J= 12.5 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (br d, J= 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (br d, J= 12.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (br d, 12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (br d, 11 .2 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 1.93 (br s, 2H),1.81 - 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.55 (d, J= 10.1 Hz, 18H).

[0225] Intermediate C09: Tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3,2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C09)

[0226] Step A: 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2ff-pyran-2-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (Int-C09A)

[0227] To 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (1 .80 g, 6.33 mmol) was added TMP2Zn · MgCl2· LiCl (0.4 M in THF, 47.5 mL, 19.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C for 1 h and then cooled to RT. Then, a solution of 4-bromo-6-methyl-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5 -(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole (2.76 g, 7.60 mmol) and SPhos Pd G3 (494 mg, 0.633 mmol) in dioxane (48 mL)was added. The resultingmixture was heated to 50 °C for 12 h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-10% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (Int-C09A) (900 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C27H28F5N4O2S [M+H]+: 567; found: 567.

[0228] Step B: 6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2- (methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-C09B)

[0229] To a solution of 4-(tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (Int-C09A) (900 mg, 1 .59 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (3.0 mL, 39 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min, diluted with DCM, and then quenchedby addition of sat’d NaHCO3The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x). The combined organic layers were dried overNa2CO3, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol(Int-C09B), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C18H12F5N4OS [M+H]+: 427; found: 427.

[0230] Step C: Tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2- (methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C09C)

[0231] To a solution of 6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazol-4-yl)-2- (methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-C09B) in MeCN (1 mL) was added BOP (1 .37 g, 3.10 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min. Then, a solution of tert-butyl 3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(527 mg, 2.48 mmol) in MeCN (1 mL) and DIPEA (1. 1 mL, 6.2 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 60 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-30% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give racemic tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (714 mg). The racemic compound was separated by chiral SFC (AD, 30x250 mm / 10um, 30% EtOH in scCO2with 0.1% NH4OH modifier) to give tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate, peak 1 (Int-C09C) (280 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C29H30F5N602S [M+H]+: 621; found: 621.

[0232] Step D: Tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3,2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C09D)

[0233] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate, peak 1 (Int-C09C) (280 mg) in DCM (5 mL) were addedpTsOH (14 mg, 0.084 mmol) and 3,4- dihydro-2H-pyran (115 μL, 1 .26 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 50% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H pyran- 2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C09D) (270 mg), ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C34H38F5N6O3S [M+H]+: 705; found: 705.

[0234] Step E: Tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-17Z-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 loctane-8-carboxylate (Int-C09)

[0235] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6-methyl-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C09D) (236 mg, 0.335 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) at 0 °C was added mCPBA (85 wt%, 204 mg, 1.01 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and then quenchedby addition of sat’d NH4Cl. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layers were dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(6- methyl-l-(tetrahydro-27 / -pyran-2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2- (methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C09) (183 mg). ESI-MS Wz calc’d for C34H38F5N6O5S [M+H]+: 737; found: 737.

[0236] Intermediate C12: Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-5,7- difluorobenzo[b1thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(niethylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C12)

[0237] Step A: Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-5,7- difluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C12A)

[0238] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (4-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-4-hydroxy-2- (methylthio)quinazolin-7-yl)-3-cyano-5,7-difluorobenzo[A|thiophen-2-yl)carbamate (185 mg, 0.335 mmol) in MeCN (1.7 mL) was added DIPEA (298 μL, 1.67 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min and then BOP (222 mg, 0.502 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 30 min and then tert-butyl 3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(107 mg, 0.502 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 70 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, and then diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with sat’d NaCl (3x), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc / hexanes) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6- chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C12A) ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C34H35ClF3N6O4S2[M+H]+: 747; found: 747.

[0239] Step B : Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-5,7- difluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C12)

[0240] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-(( tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-5,7- difluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C12A) (190 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DCM (3.4 mL) was added mCPBA (105 mg, 0.61 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h, diluted with DCM, washed with 1 :1 10% NaHCO3 / 20% Na2S2O3, water, then brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10% EtOAc / isohexane) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- cyano-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4- yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3 ,2.1]octane-8-carboxylate. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C34H35ClF3N6O6S2[M+H]+: 779; found: 779.

[0241] Intermediate 067A: Tert-butyl 3 -(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxy benzyl )amino)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3- methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (Int-067A)

[0242] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3- (trifhjoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-C07) (250 mg, 0.282 mmol) and (R or S)-ethyl 7- (3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (A10) (121 mg, 0.424 mmol) in THF(2.5 mL) at 0 °C was added NaH (60 wt%,16.9 mg, 0.424 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and then quenched by addition of sat’ dNH4Cl. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 50% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(6- (bzis,(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3 -(trifluororrieth yl )pyridin-2-yl )-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)- l-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-067A) (170 mg). ESI-MSm / z calc’d for C58H74C1F4N7O7[(M+2H) / 2]2+: 546; found: 546.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.85 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.90 - 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.84 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.77 (br d, J= 15.9 Hz, 2H), 4.66 - 4.51 (m, 4H), 4.49 - 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.36 (brd, J= 15.6 Hz, 2H), 4.25 (d, J= 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.14 - 4.11 (m, 1H), 4.08 - 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 6H), 3.68 (brd, J= 11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J= 12.5 Hz, 1H), 2.77 - 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.41 (brd,J= 1.4 Hz, 3H), 2.37 - 2.26 (m, 3H), 2.20 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.97 - 1.86 (m, 3H), 1.83 - 1 .71 (m, 2H), 1 .71 - 1 .58 (m, 3H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.50- 1.43 (m, 4H), 1.35 - 1.29 (m, 3H), 1.20 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H).

[0243] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as as described in the above synthesis of Int-067A by makingthe appropriate substitutions for the corresponding core, such as using lnt-C01, Int-C03, Int-C07, Int-C08, Int-C09, or Int-C12. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. Alternatively, LiHMDS may be used as the base. The final compound, if containing a mixture of isomers, may be further separatedby chiral SFC such as with IG, (R,R)-WHELK-O1, AD, or Cellulose-2 columns.

[0244] A representative NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0245] Int-068A

[0246] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ7.85 (s, 1H), 7.14 (d, 7= 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.84 (d, 7= 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.77 - 4.70(m, 2H), 4.69-4.55 (m, 4H), 4.52 - 4.42 (m, 2H), 4.36 (br d,7= 16.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (d, 7= 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.10-3.99(m, 3H), 3.76(s, 6H), 3.70 (br d,7= 11.7Hz, 1H), 3.59 (brd,7= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.81 -2.50 (m,2H),2.41 (brd,7= 1.5 Hz, 3H), 2.31 (br d, 7= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.12 (t, 7= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.90 (br d, 7=8.9 Hz, 3H), 1.83- 1.70 (m,2H), 1.70-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.53 (s, 9H), 1.49- 1.37(m, 4H), 1.20- 1.15 (m, 4H), 1.11 (s,3H).

[0247] Intermediate CL044: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(7-(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)-6,8-difluoro-2-(((R and S )-1-(7-methoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3- methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (Int-CL044)

[0248] To a tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(2-chloro-7-(8-chloro-3 -(meth oxym ethoxy )naphthalen- 1-yl )- 6,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C02) (40 mg, 0.062 mmol), RuPhos Pd G2 (4.8 mg, 0.062 mmol), and Cs2CO3(101 mg, 0.310 mmol) was added a solution of (R and S )-methyl 7-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l- yl)heptanoate (Int-A09) (33.6 mg, 0. 124 mmol) in dioxane (0.6 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 110 °C overnight, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert- butyl (1 S,5R)-3 -(7 -(8-chloro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen- 1 -yl)-6,8-difluoro-2-(((R and S )- l-(7-methoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-CL044), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification. ESI-MS m / zcalc’d for C47H62CIF2N5O7[(M+2H) / 2]2+: 441 ; found: 441.

[0249] Intermediate CL045: Tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-2-(((R and S )- l-(7-m ethoxy -7-oxoheptyl)-3 -methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l- yl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-CL045)

[0250] To tert-butyl ( 1 S, 5R)-3 -(2-chloro-6,8-difluoro-7-(3 -(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l - yl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-C04) (40.0 mg, 0.065 mmol), RuPhos Pd G4 (5.6 mg, 0.066 mmol), and CS2CO3(107 mg, 0.327 mmol) was added (R and S )-methyl 7-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (Int-A09)(33.6 mg, 0.124 mmol) in dioxane (0.6 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 110 °C overnight, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl (1S,5R)-3-(6,8- difluoro-2-(((R and S )-l-(7-methoxv-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-7-(3- (methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-l-yl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3 ,2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (Int-CL045), which was used directly in subsequent steps without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C47H63F2N5O7[(M+2H) / 2]2+: 424; found: 424.Example Synthesis

[0251] Example 1 : (2S,4R)-l-((2S)-2-(7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((7-(2-amino-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octan-3 -yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methylmorpholino)heptanamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex. 1)

[0252] Step A: 7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((4-(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3- yl)-7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methylmorpholino)heptanoic acid(Int-090A)

[0253] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3 -(7-(2-((tert-butoxy carbony l)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)-4-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-2- methylmorpholin-2-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (Int-CL071) (40 mg, 0.041 mmol) in THF (0.3 mL), MeOH (0.3 mL), and water (0. 1 mL) was added LiOH · H2O (17.3 mg, 0.413 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, diluted with EtOAc, and quenchedby addition of HCl (1 N in water) until pH 6. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((4-(8-(tert-butoxvcarbonyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octan-3-yl)- 7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methylmorpholino)heptanoic acid (Int-090A), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C46H57C1F2N7O8S [M+H]+: 940; found: 940.

[0254] Step B : Tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((R or S)-4-(7-(((S)-l-((2A4R)-4-hydroxy- 2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2- yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-2-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3,2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-090B)

[0255] To a stirred solution of 7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((4-(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2- methylmorpholino)heptanoic acid (Int-090A) in DMF (1 mL) were added PyBOP (25 mg, 0.048 mmol) and DIPEA (17 uL, 0.096 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, to the resulting mixture was added (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide(15 mg, 0.035 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then quenched by addition of water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((R or S)-4-(7-(((S)-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy- 2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-2-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-090B), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C68H85C1F2N11O10S2[M+H]+: 1353; found: 1353.

[0256] Step C: (2S,4R)-l-((2S)-2-(7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((7-(2-amino-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. l]octan-3 -yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methylmorpholino)heptanamido)-3, 3 -dimethylbutanoyl)- 4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex. 1)

[0257] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(2-(( tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((R or S)-4-(7-(((S)-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy- 2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2- yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-2-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-090B) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (0.3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reverse-phase preparative HPLC (C18, MeCN / water with 0.2% formic acid modifier) to give (2S,4R)- 1-((2S)-2-(7-((2R or 2S)-2-(((7-(2-amino-3-cyano-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oc tan-3 -yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methylmorpholino)heptanamido)-3, 3 -dimethylbutanoyl)- 4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex. 1) (17 mg). ESIMS m / z calc’d for C58H70CIF2N11O6S2[(M+2H) / 2]2+: 577; found: 577.1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.88 - 8.84 (m, 1H), 7.85 (d, 7= 1 .3 Hz, 1H), 7.47- 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.41 - 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dd, 7= 8.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 4.62 - 4.49 (m, 1 OH), 4.33 (d, 7= 15.5 Hz, 1H), 3.89 -3.60 (m, 9H), 2.72 - 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.53 - 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.34- 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.23 (dt, 7= 11.1, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.11 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 1 .90 (br s, 3H), 1.58 - 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.36 -1.32 (m, 6H), 1.01 (s, 9H).

[0258] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Ex. 1 by makingthe appropriate substitutions and / or by using appropriately substituted intermediates. Appropriately substituted intermediates are available commercially, synthesized as describedin the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. In Step A, alternatively, NaOH (in water) or aluminum hydroxide hydrate may be used as the base and dioxane as the solvent. If thecorresponding acid is obtained in an earlier step, Step A may be skipped. In Step B, alternatively, (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-((S)-l-(4-(4- methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, (2S,4R)- l-((S)-2-amino-2- cyclopentylacetyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, (2S,4R)- 1 -((S)-2-amino-3 -cyclopropylpropanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5 - yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, (2S,4R)-l-(L-valyl)-N-((R)-l-(4-(l-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5- yl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, or (2S,4R)-l-(L-valyl)-4- hydroxy-N-((R)-2-hydroxy-l-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2 -carboxamide may be used as the corresponding amine, PyAOP may be used as a coupling agent, and MeCN as the solvent. In Step C, alternatively, HCl may be used as a deprotecting agent and DCE as the solvent. Optionally, before Step C, a separate treatment of CsF as a deprotecting agent and DMF as the solvent may be used for cases involving silyl protecting groups that are stable to acid. The final compound, if containing a mixture of isomers, maybe further separated by chiral SFC.

[0259] Representative NMR spectra are provided below.

[0260] Ex. 21

[0261] 1H NMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.41 -7.36 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dd,J= 8.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.O3 (t,J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.64 - 4.47 (m, 10H),4.33 (d, 15.4 Hz, 1H), 3.95 - 3.65 (m, 9H), 2.69 (brd, 11.8 Hz, 1H), 2.49 (br s, 1H),2.46 - 2.44 (m, 3H), 2.37- 2.30 (m, 3H), 2.22 (dt, J= 12.4, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.12 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.97 (brs, 3H), 1.60 - 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.36 - 1.31 (m, 6H), 1.01 (s, 9H).

[0262] Ex. 22

[0263] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 -7.37 (m, 4H), 7.20 (dd, J= 8.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.59- 4.44 (m, 5H), 4.41 (brd, J= 11.8 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (d, J= 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J= 10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.94 - 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.84 - 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.69- 3.56 (m, 4H), 2.77 (br d, J= 11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.54- 2.42 (m, 4H), 2.39 (brt, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.26 - 2.03 (m, 6H), 1.88 -1.63 (m, 5H), 1.59 -1.40 (m, 4H),1.36 - 1.22 (m, 4H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.01 (s, 9H).

[0264] Ex. 23

[0265] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 -7.35 (m, 4H), 7.19 (dd, J= 8.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.60- 4.51 (m, 4H), 4.49 (br s, 1H), 4.39 (brd, J= 12.3 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (d,J= 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d,J= 10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.67 (br d, J= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.64 - 3.54 (m, 3H), 2.89-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.51 - 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.41 - 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.26 - 2.00 (m, 6H), 1.89- 1.63 (m, 5H), 1.57 - 1.40 (m, 4H), 1.38 - 1.20 (m, 4H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.00 (s, 9H).

[0266] Ex, 24

[0267] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.49 - 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.48 - 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.41 - 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=5.07, 8.29 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t,J= 8.88 Hz, 1H), 4 64 - 4.43 (m, 8H), 4.42- 4.29 (m, 2H), 3.95 - 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.79 (dd, J=3.76, 11.03 Hz, 1H), 3.66 - 3.56 (m, 4H), 3.22 (br d, J= 10.85 Hz, 1H), 2.79(brd, J= 11.32 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.43 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.31 - 2.16 (m, 4H), 2.15 - 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.91 - 1.73 (m, 6H), 1.62- 1.44 (m, 5H), 1.34 (br s, 4H), 1.66 - 1.25 (m, 1H), 1.02 (s, 9H).

[0268] Ex, 25

[0269] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J= 1.19 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.50 - 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.20 (dd, J= 5.07, 8.40 Hz, 1H), 7.07 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 4.63 - 4.35 (m, 10H), 3.94 - 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.82 - 3.76(m, 1H), 3.67- 3.57 (m, 4H), 3.20 (br d, J= 11.56 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (br d, J= 10.01 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.44 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.29 - 2.17 (m, 4H), 2.16 - 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.91 — 1.76 (m, 6H), 1.65 - 1.27 (m, 10H), 1.02 (s, 8H).

[0270] Example 26: (2S,4R)-l-((2£)-2-(7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanamido)-3,3- dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex. 26)

[0271] Step B: Ethyl 7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3- methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (Int-067B)

[0272] To a stirred solution of Zert-butyl 3-(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3- methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (Int-067A) in DCE (1.5 mL) was added TFA (3 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C for 15 h, cooled to RT, diluted with DCM, and quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3until pH = 8. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 7-((3R or 3S)-3 -(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3 -methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (Int-067B), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C37H49C1F4N7O3[M+H]+: 750; found: 750.

[0273] Step C: Tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2- (((R or S)-l-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4- yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. 1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-067C)

[0274] To a stirred solution of ethyl 7 -((3R or 3S)-3 -(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3 - (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3 -methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoate (Int-067B) in DCM (2 mL) were added NEt3(59 μL, 0.43 mmol) andBoc2O (50 μL, 0.22 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h, diluted with DCM, and then quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7- ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-067C), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C42H57CIF4N7O5[M+H]+: 850; found: 850.

[0275] Step D: 7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(8- (tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-2- yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanoic acid (Int-067D)

[0276] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl)-6-chloro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-8- fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-067C) in THF (2.5 mL) were added MeOH (2.5 mL), water (0.5 mL), and LiOH (124 mg, 5.17 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of HCl (1 Min water) until pH = 7. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6- chloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l -yl)heptanoic acid (Int-067D), which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C40H53C1F4N7O5[M+H]+: 822; found: 822.

[0277] Step E: Tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7-(((5)-l-((25,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3 ,3 -dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-3- methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.11octane-8-carboxylate (Int-067E)

[0278] To a stirred solution of 7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6- chloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l -yl)heptanoic acid (Int-067D) in DMF (1 mL) were added PyBOP (66.4 mg, 0.128 mmol) and DIPEA (45 uL, 0.26 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 10 min, and then (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-amino-3,3- dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (55.0 mg, 0.128 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred atRT for 1 h, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried overNa2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino- 4-methyl-3 -(triflu oromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((R or S)-l -(7-(((S)-l -((2S,4R)- 4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-l- oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-3-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate(Int-067E) (90.0 mg), which was usedin the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C62H82CIF4N11O7S [(M+2H) / 2]2+: 618; found: 618.

[0279] Step F: (2S,4R)- 1-((2S)-2-(7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.11octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3 -methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanamido)-3,3- dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex, 26)

[0280] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((R or S)-l-(7-(((S)-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-7-oxoheptyl)-3- methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-067E) (60.0 mg) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (500 uL, 6.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, diluted with DCM, and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3until pH = 7. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (C18, MeCN / waterwith 10 mM NH4HCO3modifier) to give (2S,4R)-l-((2S)-2-(7-((3R or 3S)-3-(((7-(6-amino-4- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-8- fluoroquinazolin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)heptanamido)-3,3- dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Ex. 26) (27.8 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C57H74CIF4N11O5S [(M+2H) / 2]2+: 568; found: 568.1H NMR (400 MHZ, CD3OD) δ 8.90 - 8.85 (m, lH), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.50 - 7.37 (m, 4H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 4.67 - 4.55 (m, 3H), 4.55 - 4.51 (m, 1H), 4.51 - 4.40 (m, 3H), 4.38 - 4.27 (m, 3H), 3.98 - 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.84 - 3.76 (m, 1H), 3.66 - 3.57 (m, 4H), 2.58 - 2.50 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.44 (br d, J= 1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.41 - 2.13 (m, 7H), 2. 11 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 1 .81 (br s, 4H), 1.67 (br s, 3H), 1.61 - 1.44 (m, 4H), 1.31 (br s, 5H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 1.02 (s, 8H).

[0281] Ex. 27 in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Ex. 26 by making the appropriate substitutions. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0282] The NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0283] Ex. 27

[0284] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49 - 7.38(m, 4H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 4.71 - 4.60 (m, 3H), 4.59 - 4.44 (m, 4H), 4.44 - 4.29 (m, 2H), 4.26 (br d, J= 15.1 Hz, 3H), 3.95 - 3.76 (m, 4H), 3.75 - 3.37 (m, 3H), 3.21 - 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.87 (brt, J= 12.6 Hz, 1H), 2.50 - 2.44 (m, 6H), 2.32- 2.19 (m, 3H), 2.17 - 2.11 (m, 4H), 2.10 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 2.02 - 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.62 (brt,J= 13.5 Hz, 3H), 1.39 (brd, J= 7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.29 (s, 1H), 1.17 (s, 1H), 1.05 - 0.98 (m, 9H).Assays

[0285] HiBiT Potency Data

[0286] ASPC-1 KRASG12D-HiBiT protein degradation assay: A frozen vial of ASPC-1KRASG1 2D N-terminal HiBiT tagged cell line was thawed and cultured in RPMH 640 media supplemented with 10% heat inactive fetal bovine serum, 2 mM GlutaMax, and 1 OOU / mL Penicillin-Streptomycin for 7 days. Media was changed on day 4. On the day of the assay, cells were washed with lx PBS and dissociated with 0.25mg / mL Trypsin / EDTA. Cells were resuspended in culture media and 20 μL of cell suspension were plated in 384 W culture plate at 10,000 cells per well. Cells were incub ated in 37°C, 5% CO3with 95% relative humidity incubator for 16-24 h. Cells were treated with compounds and incubated for an additional 24 h. Equal volume of premixed HiBiT detection reagent containing HiBiT Lytic buffer, 1% ofLgBiT Protein and 2% of HiBiT Lytic Substrate was added to the plate. Plates were shaken on a shaker setting 400 rpm for 20 min at room temperature with protection from light. Luminescence was read on EnVision® Multilabel Reader. The results of this assay are presented in the table below.SMALL MOLECULE PROTEIN DEGRADERS OF KRAS G12D MUTANTCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 527,963, filed July 20, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to certain compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that modulate the G12D mutant of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein and are expected to have utility as therapeutic agents, for example, for treatment of cancer. The present application also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds as well as methods of using the compounds for treating cancer.BACKGROUND

[0003] The KRAS gene belongs to the RAS family, is one of the common gene mutations in human cancers and encodes a small GTPase. RAS proteins are membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins which function as molecular switches. RAS proteins function as components of signaling pathways transmitting signals from cell-surface receptors to regulate cellular proliferation, survival and differentiation. RAS proteins cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. The KRAS gene is involved in the kinase signaling pathway that controls gene transcription, thereby regulating cell growth and differentiation. Within the cell, KRAS protein transitions between an inactive and an active state - when KRAS binds to Guanosine Diphosphate (GDP), it is in the inactive state; when it binds to Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP), it is in the active state and can activate downstream signaling pathways. KRAS in most cells is inactivated and when activated, downstream signaling pathways that can be activated include the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K signaling pathway, and the Ral-GEFs signaling pathway. These signaling pathways play an important role in promoting cell survival, proliferation and cytokine release, thereby affecting tumorigenesis and progression.

[0004] In human cancers, KRAS gene mutations occur in nearly 90% of pancreatic cancers, about 30% to 40% of colon cancers, about 17% of endometrial cancers, and about 15% to 20% of Lung cancers (mostly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC). It also appears in cancer types such as cholangiocarcinoma, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, andbreast cancer. That is, in many of the cancers described above, there is a high proportion of KRAS gene mutations. Most KRAS missense mutations occur in codon 12, resulting in glycine to other amino acids, for example, exchange of glycine for an aspartate at residue 12 of RAS (the G12D mutation). Depending on the particular mutation present, G12C, G12D and G12R are the most common KRAS mutations in patients, e.g., KRAS G12D and KRAS G12V mutations, both found in about 90% of pancreatic cancers, and KRAS G12D is the most common KRAS mutation in colon cancer.

[0005] Currently in relation to KRAS G12D, in the case of anticancer drugs, small molecules traditionally inhibit the activity of target protein by targeted binding to induce cancer cell apoptosis, but target proteins in tumor cells often recover their activity and acquire drag resistance through overexpression of the target protein or incorporation of a new mutation in the target protein.

[0006] Targeted protein degraders (TPDs) are heterobifunctional molecules containing two small molecule binding moieties, joined together by a linker. One of the small molecule components is designed to bind with high affinity to a target protein in the cell and the other can bind with high affinity to an E3 ligase. In the cell, the TPD selectively binds to the target protein of interest. The TPD then recruits a specific E3 ligase to the target protein to form a ternary complex with both the target protein and the E3 ligase held in close proximity. The E3 ligase then recruits an E2 conjugating enzyme to the ternary complex. E2 is then able to ubiquitinate the target protein, labelling an available lysine residue on the protein, and then dissociates from the ternary complex. E3 can then recruit additional E2 molecules resulting in poly-ubiquitination of the target protein, labelling the target protein for potential degradation by the cell’s proteasome activity. A TPD is then able to dissociate from the target protein and initiate another catalytic cycle. The poly-ubiquitinated target protein is then recognized and degraded by the proteasome.

[0007] Accordingly, while progress has been made in this field, there remains a need in the art for small molecules that enable targeted degradation therapy for KRAS G12D mutation- related diseases or disorders. Embodiments of the present disclosure fulfill this need and provide further related advantages.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0008] The present disclosure provides small molecule protein degraders which modulate mutant KRAS proteins and may be valuable pharmaceutically active compounds for thetreatment of cancer. The compounds of the disclosure, including compounds of Formula (I):and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, can modulate the KRAS activity and thereby affect the signaling pathway which regulates cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation associated with oncological disorders. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure can modulate the KRAS (G12D) protein. The disclosure furthermore provides processes for preparing compounds of the disclosure, methods for using such compounds to treat oncological disorders, and pharmaceutical compositions which comprise compounds of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONCompounds of the Disclosure

[0009] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as shown above, wherein: MLis selected from the group consisting of:Ring CL is selected from:(i) a 7- to 14-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl containing 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S in addition to the illustrated N atom; and(ii) a 4- to 6-membered saturated monocyclic heterocycloalkyl containing 0 to 1 additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S in addition to the illustrated N atom; wherein Ring CLis unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 RCLsubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1- C3alkoxy;Lbis -CH2-, -O-, or absent;Lcis C1-C3alkyl;Ldis selected from the group consisting of:(1) -CH2-;(ii) -CF2-:(iii) -O-;(iv) -phenylene-; and(v) -O-phenylene-;Leis selected from the group consisting of:R5is H or C1-C3alkyl;Xe, XfXg, and Xhare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(RLe), N, S, and O; wherein at least one ofXe, Xf, Xg, and Xhis C(H) or C(RLe); and each RLesubstituent is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1-C3alkoxy; R1is C1-C6alkyl, -CH2-C1, C3-C7cycloalkyl, or C3-C7heterocycloalkyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; wherein C1is C3-C7cycloalkyi;Rzis H, C1-C6alkyl, or -CH2OH; each R3is independently H, fluoro, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;each Rcis independently fluoro or C1-C3alkyl;Xa, Xb, Xcand Xdare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(R4), N, N(R4), S and O; wherein at least one of XaXb, Xcand Xdis C(H) or C(R4); R4is halo, C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;X1is N or C(H);Rxis halo, C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;Ring Y is(i) phenyl or naphthyl; or(ii) a 5- to 6-membered mono- or a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; wherein Ring Y is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 4 RYsubstituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C1-C3alkyl, C2-C3alkynyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3fluoroalkylthio, amino, C1-C3alkylamino, C1-C3dialkylamino and cyano;A is selected from the group consisting of:Ring A is a saturated 8- to 10-membered N -containing bridged bicyclic ring which contains at least one further Xi atom in addition to the illustrated Xi atom;RAis selected from the group consisting of C1-C3alkyl, C2-C4alkenyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1- C3alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, halo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, CF3- C(H)(OH)-, C(H)(F2)-C(H)(OH)-, cyano, and C1-C3cyanoalkyl; each Ra* is independently C1-C3alkyl; subscript i is 0, 1, or 2; subscript j is 1, 2, or 3; subscript k is 0, 1, or 2; subscript m is 0, 1, or 2; subscript o is 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript r is 0, 1 , 2, or 3; subscript s is 0, 1, 2, or 3;subscript t is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript u is 0 or 1 ; and subscript v is 0, 1 , 2, or 3;

[0010] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis

[0011] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLiswherein: subscripts p and q are independently 1 , 2, or 3; and ring CL2is a 4- to 6-membered saturated ring containing 0 to 1 heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, and O.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis, wherein subscript n is 1, 2, or 3.

[0013] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis

[0014] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Lcis methyl.

[0015] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ldis -CH2-.

[0016] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis

[0017] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5is H.

[0018] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein Leis[0019} In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis selected from the group consisting of:

[0020] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript u is 0.

[0021] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0022] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

[0023] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0024] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

[0025] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0026] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from

[0027] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring ¥ is selected from

[0028] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from

[0029] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from

[0030] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A iswherein subscript v is 0, 1, or 2.

[0031] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.1 is t-butyl.

[0032] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is H,

[0033] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript j is 1 and each R.3 is H.

[0034] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound having structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety

[0035] In specific embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound as described in any one of Examples 1-71 as set forth below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0036] The present disclosure includes the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds defined herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of all structural formulas, embodiments and classes defined herein.Definitions

[0037] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0038] As used throughout this disclosure, “compound(s) of Formula (I)”, “compound(s) disclosed herein”, “compound(s) described herein”, “compound(s) of the disclosure”, etc., are used interchangeably and are to be understood to include the disclosed compounds of Formula (I). The compounds of Formula (I) can form salts which are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Reference to a compound of the disclosure (or compound of Formula (I)) herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.

[0039] ‘’Alkenyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carboncarbon double bond and which may be straight or branched. Non-limiting examples include ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl.

[0040] “Alkyl”, as well as other groups having the prefix “alk”, such as alkoxy, and the like, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched, or combinations thereof, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms. For instance, a C1-C6, alkyl means an alkyl group having one (i.e., methyl) up to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., hexyl). In particular embodiments, linear alkyl groups have 1-6 carbon atoms and branched alkyl groups have 3- 7 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and the like.

[0041] “Alkylamino” means an alkyl group linked to an amine, wherein the nitrogen atom is substituted by one or more alkyl substituents. Idle bond to the parent group is through the nitrogen atom of the amino component.

[0042] “Alkylthio”' means an alkyl group linked to a sulfur. “Fluoroalkylthio” means an alkylthio that is mono-or multiple-fluoro-substituted. The bond to the parent group is through tire sulfur atom of the group.

[0043] “Alkoxy” and “alkyl -O-” are used interchangeably and refer to an alkyl group linked to oxygen. “Fluoroalkoxy” means an alkoxy that is mono-or multiple-fluoro- substituted , The bond to the parent group is through the oxygen atom of the group.

[0044] “Alkoxyalkyl” means and alkoxy group linked to an alkyl. Tire bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the alkyl component.

[0045] “Alkynyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carboncarbon tuple bond and which may be straight or branched. Non-limiting examples include ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl.

[0046] “Amino” means an amine group that contains two substituents bonded to a nitrogen atom via two single covalent bonds. The bond to the parent group is through the nitrogen atom of the group.

[0047] “Aryl” means a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic carbocyclic aromatic ring or ring system containing 5-17 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic. Non-limiting examples include phenyl and naphthyl.

[0048] “Bicyclic ring system” refers to two joined rings. “Tricyclic ring system” refers to three joined rings. “Tetracyclic ring system” refers to four joined rings. The rings may be fused, i.e., share two adjacent atoms, or “spirocyclic”, i.e., share only a single atom, or “bridged”, i.e., share three or more atoms with two bridgehead atoms being connected by a bridge containing at. least one atom. Likewise the bicyclic or tricyclic rings may be aryl rings, heterocyclic rings, cycloalkyl rings, etc.

[0049] “Carbamoyl” means a H2N-C(O)- group, which is the univalent group formed by loss of -OH group of carbamic acid. Tire bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the carbonyl component.

[0050] “Cyanoalkyl” means and cyano group linked to an alkyl, lire bond to the parent group is through the carbon atom of the alkyl component.

[0051] “Cycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical. In particular embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 3-12 carbon atoms, forming 1-3 carbocyclic rings, wherein cyclic systems having 2-3 rings can be fused. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, and the like. “Fluorocycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical that is mono- or rnultiple- fhioro-substituted, e.g., doubly fluoro-substituted cyclopentyl. “Cycloalkoxy” refers to a cycloalkyl group linked through an oxygen to the parent moiety. “Spirocycloalkyl” means a saturated spirocyclic hydrocarbon radical having at least two rings sharing only a single atom.

[0052] “Dialkylamino” means an alkylamino as previously defined, wherein the nitrogen atom of the amine is substituted by two alkyl substituents, which substitutions can be the same or different, e.g., -N(CH3)2or-N(CH3)(CH2CH3). The bond to the parent group is through the nitrogen atom of the amino component.

[0053] “Fluoroalkyl” includes mono-substituted as well as multiple fluoro-substituted alkyl groups, up to perfluoro substituted alkyl. For example, fluoromethyl, 1,1 -difluoroethyl, trifluorom ethyl or 1, 1 , 1,2,2-pentafluorobutyl are included. The bond to the parent group is through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl component.

[0054] “Halogen” or “halo”, unless otherwise indicated, includes fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) and iodine (iodo). In one embodiment, halo is fluoro (-F) or chloro (-Cl).

[0055] “Heteroaryl” refers to aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring structures in which one or more atoms in the ring, the heteroatom(s), is an element other than carbon. Heteroatoms are typically O, S, or N atoms. Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyrazolyl, oxadiazolonyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridazinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, and imidazolyl.

[0056] “Heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclic ring” or “heterocycle” means a non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 17 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa, phospha or thia before the heterocyclyl root mime means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. In some embodiments, the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. For instance, in some embodiments tire heterocycloalkyl can contain N, S, S(O), S(O)2and / or O (which are referred to herein as “heteroatom groups”). Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, phosphorinane, phosphinane, 1-oxophosphinan-l-ium and the like. “Spiroheterocycloalkyl” refers to a fused ring system in which the rings share only a single atom and at least one of tlie rings is a heterocycloalkyl.

[0057] “Hydroxyalkyl” means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. The bond to the parent moiety is through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl component. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2 -hydroxy cthy I. “Hydroxyfluoroalkyd” means a HO-fluoroalkyl- group in which fluoroalkyl is as previously defined. “Hydroxycycloalkyl” means a HO-cycloalkyl- group in which cycloalkyl is as previously defined. “Hydroxyfluorocycloalkyl" means a HO-fluorocycloalkyl- group in which fluorocycloalkyl is as previously defined.

[0058] “Phenylene” means a divalent benzene radical, -CsI-fi-, wherein each of the two hy drogen atoms of the benzene is substituted by a substituent. Any of the remaining four hydrogen atoms of phenylene can be further substituted by optional substituents. Phenylene can exist in ortho-, meta-, or para- form.

[0059] When any variable (e.g. , Rx) occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula (I) or other generic formulas herein, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds. In choosing compounds of the present disclosure, one of ordinary’ skill in the art will recognize that the various substituents, e.g., Rx, are to be chosen in conformity with well-known principles of chemical structure connectivity and stability . Unless expressly stated to the contrary, substitution by a named substituent is permitted on any atom in a ring (e.g., aryl, a heteroaryl ring, or a saturated heteroaryl ring) provided such ring substitution is chemically allowed and results in a stable compound. A “stable” compound is a compound which can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).

[0060] Idle term “substituted” shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substituent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different.

[0061] Unless expressly depicted or described otherwise, variables depicted in a structural formula with a “floating” bond, such as Rx, are permited on any available carbon atom in the ring to which the variable is attached. When a moiety is noted as being “optionallysubstituted” in Formula (I) or any embodiment thereof, it means that Formula (I) or the embodiment thereof encompasses compounds that contain the noted substituent (or substituents) on the moiety and also compounds that do not contain the noted substituent (or substituents) on the moiety.

[0062] The wavy line as used herein, indicates a point of attachment to the rest ofthe compound.

[0063] The compounds of Formula (I) may contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereoisomeric mixtures and individual diastereoisomers. Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula (I) can all independently of one another have S configuration or R configuration. Tire compounds of Formula (I) include all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the disclosure in enantiomerical ly pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in ail ratios. In the case of a cis / trans isomerism, the disclosure includes both the cis form and the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios, lire present disclosure is meant to comprehend all such stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I). Where a structural formula or chemical name specifies a particular configuration at a stereocenter, the enantiomer or stereoisomer of the compound resulting from that specified stereocenter is intended. Where a structural formula of the compounds of Formula (I) indicates a straight line at a chiral center, the structural formula includes both the S and R stereoisomers associated with the chiral center and mixtures thereof.

[0064] The compounds of Formula (1) may be separated into their individual diastereoisomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof, or via chiral chromatography using an optically active stationary phase. Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or cry stalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing an asymmetric center of known absolute configuration. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) may also be used to determine the absolute stereochemistry. Alternatively, any stereoisomer or isomers of the compounds of Formula (I) may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis rising optically pure starting materials or reagents of known absolute configuration.

[0065] If desired, racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so that the individual enantiomers are isolated. The separation can be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as the coupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically pure compound to form a diastereoisomeric mixture, followed by separation of the individual diastereoisomers by standard methods, such as fractional crystallization or chromatography. The coupling reaction is often the formation of salts using an enantiomerically pure acid or base. The diasteromeric derivatives may then be converted to the pure enantiomers by cleavage of the added chiral residue. The racemic mixture of the compounds can also be separated directly by chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases, which methods are well known in the art.

[0066] Tire compounds of Formula (I) which contain olefinic double bonds, unless specified otherwise, they are meant to include both E and Z geometric isomers.

[0067] Some of the compounds described herein may exist as tautomers which have different points of attachment of hydrogen accompanied by one or more double bond shifts. For example, a ketone and its enol form are keto-enol tautomers. The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed by the compounds of Formula (I).

[0068] Some of the compounds of Formula (I) described herein may exist as atropisomers when the rotational energy barrier around a single bond is sufficiently high to prevent free rotation at a given temperature, thus allowing isolation of individual conformers with distinct properties. The individual atropisomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with compounds of formula (I) of the present disclosure. When resolved, individual atropisomers can be designated by established conventions such as those specified by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 2013 Recommendations.

[0069] In the compounds of Formula (I), the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. The present disclosure as described and claimed herein is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of Formula (I) and embodiments thereof. For example, different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (1H) and deuterium (2H, also denoted herein as D).Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples. Isotopically-enriched compounds can be prepared without undueexperimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or byprocesses analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and / or intermediates.

[0070] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids. When a compound of Formula (I) is acidic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases, including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from such inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (ic and ous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganese (ic and ous), potassium, sodium, zinc and the like salts. Preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts. Salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines derived from both naturally occurring and synthetic sources. Pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases from which salts can be formed include, for example, arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N - dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimetliylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamme, N -ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, ly sine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

[0071] When a compound of Formula (I) is basic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic inorganic and organic acids. Such acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids. If a compound of Formula (I) simultaneously contains acidic and basic groups m the molecule, the disclosure also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts or betaines (zwitterions). Salts can be obtained from the compounds of Formula (I) by customary methods which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by combination with an organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by anion exchange or cation exchange from other salts. Tire present disclosure also includes all salts of the compounds of Formula (I) which, owing to low' physiological compatibility, are not directlysuitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

[0072] Furthermore, the compounds of Formula (I) may exist in amorphous form and / or one or more crystalline forms, and as such all amorphous and crystalline forms and mixtures thereof of the compounds of Formula (I), including the Examples, are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, some of the compounds of Formula (I) may form solvates with water (i.e., a hydrate) or common organ ic solvents such as but not limited to ethyl acetate. Such solvates and hydrates, particularly the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and hydrates, of the instant compounds are likewise encompassed within the scope of this disclosure, along with un-solvated and anhydrous forms.

[0073] Any pharmaceutically acceptable pro-drug modification of a compound of Formula (I) which results in conversion in vivo to a compo und within the scope of this disclosure is also within the scope of this disclosure.

[0074] The present disclosure also relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of the disclosure which are described in the following and by which the compounds of the disclosure are obtainable.

[0075] The terms “therapeutically effective (or efficacious) amount” and similar descriptions such as “an amount efficacious for treatment” or “an effective dose” are intended to mean that amount of a compound of Formula (I) that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, a system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. In a preferred embodiment, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound of Formula (I) that alleviates at least one clinical symptom m a human patient. The terms “prophylactically effective (or efficacious) amount” and similar descriptions such as “an amount efficacious for prevention” are intended to mean that amount of a compound of Formula (I) that will prevent or reduce the risk of occurrence of the biological or medical event that is sought to be prevented in a tissue, a system, animal or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.Dosages of the compounds of Formula (I)

[0076] The dosage regimen u tilizing a compound of Formula (I) is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the potency of tire compound chosento be administered; the route of administration; and the renal and hepatic function of the patient. A consideration of these factors is well within the purview of the ordinarily skilled clinician for the purpose of determining the therapeutically effective or prophylactically effective dosage amount needed to prevent, counter, or arrest the progress of the condition. It is understood that a specific daily dosage amount can simultaneously be both a therapeutically effective amount, e.g., for treatment of an oncological condition, and a prophylactically effective amount, e.g., for prevention of an oncological condition.

[0077] While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of the compounds of Formula (I) is within the skill of the art. For administration to a human in, for example, the curative or prophylactic treatment of the conditions and disorders identified herein, the typical dosages of the compounds of Formula (I) can be about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 50 mg / kg / day, or at least 0.05 mg / kg, or at least 0.08 mg / kg, or at least 0.1 mg / kg, or at least 0.2 mg / kg, or at least 0.3 mg / kg, or at least 0.4 mg / kg, or at least 0.5 mg / kg, and any amount therebetween, to about 50 mg / kg or less, or about 40 mg / kg or less, or about 30 mg / kg or less, or about 20 mg / kg or less, or about 10 mg / kg or less and any amount therebetween, which can be, for example, about 2.5 mg / day (0.5 mg / kg x 5 kg) to about 5000 mg / day (50 mg / kg x 100 kg). For example, dosages of the compounds can be about 0. 1 mg / kg / day to about 50 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 10 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 5 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.07 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.09 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 0.05 mg / kg / day to about 0.1 mg / kg / day, or about 0,1 mg / kg / day to about 1 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 10 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 5 mg / kg / day, or about 1 mg / kg / day to about 3 mg / kg / day, or about 3 mg / day to about 500 mg / day, or about 5 mg / day to about 250 mg / day, or about 10 mg / day to about 100 mg / day, or about 3 mg / day to about 10 mg / day, or about 100 mg / day to about 250 mg / day. Such doses may be administered in a single dose or may be divided into multiple doses.Pharmaceutical Compositions

[0078] The compounds of Formula (1) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be administered to animals, preferably to mammals, and m particular to humans, as pharmaceuticals by themselves, in mixtures with one another or in the fonn of pharmaceutical compositions. The term ‘"subject” or “patient” includes animals, preferably mammals and especially humans, who use the instant active agents for the prevention ortreatment of a medical condition. Administering of the drug to the subject includes both self-administration and administration to the patient by another person. The subject may be in need of, or desire, treatment for an existing disease or medical condition, or may be in need of or desire prophylactic treatment to prevent or reduce the risk of occurrence of said disease or medical condition. As used herein, a subject “in need” of treatment of an existing condition or of prophylactic treatment encompasses both a determination of need by a medical professional as well as the desire of a patient for such treatment.

[0079] The present disclosure therefore also provides the compounds of the disclosure and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for use as pharmaceuticals, their use for modulating the activity of mutant KRAS proteins and in particular their use in the therapy and prophylaxis of the below-mentioned diseases or disorders as well as their use for preparing medicaments for these purposes. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts inhibit the KRAS G12D protein.

[0080] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise as active component an effective dose of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a customary pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e., one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier substances and / or additives.

[0081] Thus, the present disclosure provides, for example, said compound and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts for use as pharmaceutical compositions which comprise as active component an effective dose of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a customary pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and the uses of said compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the therapy or prophylaxis of the below-mentioned diseases or disorders, e.g., cancer, as well as their use for preparing medicaments for these purposes.

[0082] The pharmaceutical compositions according to the disclosure can be administered orally , for example, in the form of pills, tablets, lacquered tablets, sugar-coated tablets, granules, hard and soft gelatin capsules, aqueous, alcoholic or oily solutions, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, or rectally, for example, in the form of suppositories.Administration can also be carried out parenterally, for example subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously in the form of solutions for injection or infusion.

[0083] Other suitable administration forms are, for example, percutaneous or topical administration, tor example, in the form of ointments, tinctures, sprays or transdermaltherapeutic systems, or, tor example, microcapsules, implants or rods. The preferred administration form depends, for example, on the disease to be treated and on its severity.

[0084] The amount of active compound of a compound described herein and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the pharmaceutical composition normally is from 0.01 to 200 mg, or from 0.1 to 200 mg, or from 1 to 200 mg, per dose, but depending on the type of the pharmaceutical composition, it can also be higher. In some embodiments, the amount of active compound of a compound of Formula (I) and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the pharmaceutical composition is from 0.01 to 10 mg per dose. Tire pharmaceutical compositions usually comprise 0.5 to 90 percent by weight of at least one compound of Formula (I) and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The preparation of the pharmaceutical compositions can be carried out in a manner known per se. For this purpose, one or more compounds of Formula (I) and / or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, together with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical carrier substances and / or additives (or auxiliary substances) and, if desired, in combination with other pharmaceutically active compounds having therapeutic or prophylactic action, are brought into a suitable administration form or dosage form which can then be used as a pharmaceutical in human or veterinary medicine.

[0085] For the production of pills, tablets, sugar-coated tablets and hard gelatin capsules, it is possible to use, for example, lactose, starch, for example, maize starch, or starch derivatives, talc, stearic acid or its salts, etc. Carriers for soft gelatin capsules and suppositories are, for example, fats, waxes, semisolid and liquid polyols, natural or hardened oils, etc. Suitable earners for the preparation of solutions, for example, of solutions for injection, or of emulsions or syrups are, for example, water, physiologically acceptable sodium chloride solution, alcohols such as ethanol, glycerol, polyols, sucrose, invert sugar, glucose, mannitol, vegetable oils, etc. It is also possible to lyophilize the compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and to use the resulting lyophilisates, for example, for preparing preparations for injection or infusion. Suitable carriers for microcapsules, implants or rods are, for example, copolymers of glycolic acid and lactic acid.

[0086] Besides the active compounds and carriers, the pharmaceutical compositions can also contain customary additives, for example, fillers, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, wetting agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, dispersants, preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, aromatizers, thickeners, diluents, buffer substances, solvents, solubilizers, agentsfor achieving a depot effect, salts for altering the osmotic pressure, coating agents and / or antioxidants.Methods of Using the Compounds of Formula (I)

[0087] llie present application provides a method of modulating RAS-mediated ceil signaling comprising contacting a cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Modulation of RAS-mediated signal transduction can be assessed and demonstrated by a wide variety of ways known in the art. Non-limiting examples include (a) a decrease in GTPase activity of RAS; (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding affinity; (c) an increase in Koffof GTP or a decrease in Koff of GDP; (d) a decrease in the levels of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the RAS pathway, such as a decrease in pMEK, pERK, or pAKT levels; and / or (e) a decrease in binding of RAS complex to downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf. Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of the above.

[0088] The present application also provides methods of using the compounds of the disclosure (or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts) or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds to treat disease conditions, including but not limited to, conditions implicated by mutant KRAS proteins (e.g., cancer), and in some embodiments the KRAS G 12D mutant.

[0089] In some embodiments, a method of degrading a KRAS G12D protein in a cell is provided, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount a compound of the disclosure (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment, resulting in degradation of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

[0090] In some embodiments, a method of inhibiting a KRAS G12D protein in a cell is provided, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (or a. pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment, resulting in inhibition of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

[0091] In some embodiments, a method for treatment of cancer is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount a compound of the disclosure (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound to a subject in need of such treatment. In someembodiments, the cancer is mediated by a KRAS mutation, e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation. In various embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer or lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, or bile duct cancer.

[0092] In some embodiments the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein said method comprises determining if the subject has a KRAS mutation (e.g., KRAS G12D mutation) and if the subject is determined to have the KRAS mutation, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.[00931 Hie disclosed compounds inhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis. Accordingly, another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting tumor metastasis, the method comprising administering an effective amount a compound of Formula (I).

[0094] KRAS imitations have also been identified in hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow and / or lymph nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of the compounds of the disclosure (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) to a subject in need of treatment of a hematological malignancy. Such malignancies include, but are not limited to leukemias and lymphomas. For example, the presently disclosed compounds can be used for treatment of diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and / or other leukemias. In other embodiments, the compounds are usefill for treatment of lymphomas such as Hodgkins lymphoma or non-Hodgkins lymphoma. In various embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatment of plasma cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglubunemia,

[0095] Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRAS mutation (e.g., the KRAS G12.D mutation) can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence encoding the KRAS protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence of the KRAS protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a pu tative KRAS mu tan t protein. The sequences of wildtype human KRAS are known in the art.

[0096] Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS nucleotide sequence are also known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays, real-time PCRassays, PCR sequencing, mutant allele-specific PCR amplification (MASA) assays, direct sequencing, primer extension reactions, electrophoresis, oligonucleotide ligation assays, hybridization assays, TaqMan assays, SNP genotyping assays, high resolution melting assays and microarray analyses. In some embodiments, samples are evaluated for KRAS mutations (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation) by real-time PCR. In real-time PCR, fluorescent probes specific for the KRAS mutation are used. When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected. In some embodiments, the KRAS mutation is identified using a direct sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and / or exon 3) in the KRAS gene.

[0097] Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS protein (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation) are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, detection of a KRAS mutant using a binding agent (e.g., an antibody ) specific for the mutant protein, protein electrophoresis and Western blotting, and direct peptide sequencing.

[0098] A number of tissue samples can be assessed for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRAS mutation (e.g., the KRAS G12D mutation). In some embodiments, the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer. In some embodiments, the sample is a fresh tumor / cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a frozen tumor / cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a circulating tumor ceil (CTC) sample. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to a ceil lysate. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.

[0099] The present application also provides a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of a subject who suffers from a cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood, AIDS- related cancers (e.g.. Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell tumor, primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), embryonaltumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, eye cancer, fibrous histiocytom a of bone, gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), germ cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, liver cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, intraocular melanoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), lung cancer, lymphoma, metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary, midline tract carcinoma, mouth cancer; multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma / plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplasia syndromes, myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavitycancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, small cell lung cancer; small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, T-Cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, trophoblastic tumor, unusual cancers of childhood, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, or viral-induced cancer. In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatm ent of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).

[0100] In some embodiments, the methods for treatment are directed to treating lung cancers, and the methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of Formula (I) (or pharmaceu tical composition comprising such compounds) to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the lung cancer is a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma. In some embodiments, the lung cancer is a small cell lung carcinoma. Other lung cancers which the compounds of Formula (I) may providetherapeutic benefit for include, but are not limited to, glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas.

[0101] The present disclosure also provides methods of modulating a mutant KRAS protein activity (e.g., activity resulting from the KRAS G12D mutation) by contacting the protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure. Modulation can be inhibiting or activating protein activity, or degrading targeted polypeptides or proteins. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity or degrading the mutant KRAS protein by contacting the mutant KRAS protein (e.g., KRAS G12D mutant) with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure in solution. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the mutant KRAS protein activity or degrading the mutant KRAS protein by contacting a cell, tissue, or organ that expresses the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity or degrading targeted poly peptides or proteins in subjects including, but not limited to, rodents and mammals (e.g. , humans) by administering into the subjects an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure.Combination Therapies

[0102] One or more additional pharmacologically active agents may be administered in combination with a compound of Formula (I) (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof). An additional active agent (or agents) is intended to mean a pharmaceutically active agent (or agents) that is active in the body, including pro-drugs that convert to pharmaceutically active form after administration, which are different from the compound of Formula (I). The additional active agents also include free-acid, free-base and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said additional active agents. Generally, any suitable additional active agent or agents, including chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic antibodies, may be used in any combination with the compound of Formula (I) in a single dosage formulation (e.g., a fixed dose drug combination), or in one or more separate dosage formulations which allows for concurrent or sequential administration of the active agents (co-administration of the separate active agents) to subjects. In addition, the compounds of Formula (I) (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) can be administered in combination with radiation therapy, hormone therapy, surgery or immunotherapy.

[0103] The present application also provides methods for combination therapies in which the additional active agent is known to modulate other pathways, or other components of tlie same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes which are used incombination with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, such therapy includes, but is not limited to, the combination of one or more compounds of Formula (I) with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal and anti-hormonal agents, targeted therapy agents, and anti-angiogenesis agents, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect. In another embodiment, such therapy includes radiation treatment to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

[0104] Examples of additional active agents (i.e., additional anti-cancer agents) include chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., cytotoxic agents), immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal and anti-hormonal agents, targeted therapy agents, and anti-angiogenesis agents. Many anticancer agents can be classified within one or more of these groups. While certain anticancer agents have been categorized within a specific group(s) or subgroup(s) herein, many of these agents can also be listed within one or more other group(s) or subgroup(s), as would be presently understood in the art. It is to be understood that tire classification herein of a particular agent into a particular group is not intended to be limiting. Many anti-cancer agents are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure.

[0105] Further, an agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition). For example, suitable for use are one or more agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor “c-met”.

[0106] In an embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent is a chemotherapeutic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, a hormonal agent, an anti-hormonal agent, a targeted therapy agent, or an anti-angiogenesis agent (or angiogenesis inhibitor). In an embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent, a mitotic inhibitor, a plant alkaloid, an alkylating agent, an anti -metabolite, a platinum analog, an enzyme, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a retinoid, an aziridine, an antibiotic, a hormonal agent, an anti -hormonal agent, an anti -estrogen, an anti -androgen, an anti-adrenal, an androgen, a targeted therapy agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, a biological response modifier, a cytokine inhibitor, a tumor vaccine, a monoclonal antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-PD-1 agent, an anti-PD-L1 agent, a colonystimulating factor, an immunomodulator, an immunomodulatory imide (IMiD), an anti-CTLA4 agent, an anti-LAGI agent, an anti-LAG3 agent, an anti-ILT4 agent, an anti-OX40 agent, a GITR agonist, a CAR-T ceil, a BiTE, a signal transduction inhibitor, a growth factor inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitor, aproteasome inhibitor, a cell-cycle inhibitor, an anti-angiogenesis agent, a matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, a hepatocyte growth factor inhibitor, a TOR inhibitor, a KDR inhibitor, a VEGF inhibitor, a HIF-1α inhibitor, a HIF-2α inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitor, a RAF inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, an MCL-1 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, an SHP2 inhibitor, aHER-2 inhibitor, a BRAF-inhibitor, a gene expression modulator, an autophagy inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antiproliferative agent, and a glycolysis inhibitor.

[0107] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a chemotherapeutic agent. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include mitotic inhibitors and plant alkaloids, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, platinum analogs, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, retinoids, aziridines, and antibiotics.

[0108] Non-limiting examples of mitotic inhibitors and plant alkaloids include taxanes such as cabazitaxel, docetaxel, larotaxel, ortataxel, paclitaxel, and tesetaxel; demecolcine; epothilone; eribulin; etoposide (VP- 16); etoposide phosphate; navelbine; noscapine; teniposide; thaliblastine; vinblastine; vincristine; vindesine; vinflunine; and vinorelbine.

[0109] Non-limiting examples of alky lating agents include nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, cytophosphane, estramustine, ifosfamide, mannomustine, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novernbichin, phenesterine, prednirnustine, tris(2-chloroeihyl)amine, trofosfamide, and uracil mustard; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan, and piposulfan; nitrosoureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine, streptozotocin, and TA-07; ethylenimines and methylamelamines such as altretamine, thiotepa, triethylenemelamine, triethylenethiophosphaoramide, trietylenephosphoramide, and trimethylolomelamine; ambamustine; bendamustme; dacarbazine; etoglucid; irofulven; mafosfamide; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; procarbazine; temozolomide; treosulfan; and triaziquone.

[0110] Non-limiting examples of anti-metabolites include folic acid analogues such as aminopterin, denopterin, edatrexate, methotrexate, pteropterin, raltitrexed, and trimetrexate; purine analogs such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine, forodesine, thiamiprine, and thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as 5 -fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-azauridine, ancitabine, azacytidine, capecitabine, carmofur, cytarabine, decitabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifi uridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, galocitabine, gemcitabine, and sapacitabine; 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemi carbazone; broxuridine; cladribine; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; emitefur; hydroxyurea; mercaptopurine; nelarabine; pemetrexed; pentostatin; tegafur; and troxacitabine.

[0111] Non-limiting examples of platinum analogs include carboplatm, cisplatin, dicyclopl atin, heptaplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin, and triplatin tetranitrate.

[0112] Non-limiting examples of enzymes include asparaginase and pegaspargase.

[0113] Non-limiting examples of topoisomerase inhibitors include acridine carboxamide, amonafide, amsacrine, belotecan, elliptinium acetate, exatecan, indolocarbazole, irinotecan, lurtotecan, mitoxantrone, razoxane, rubitecan, SN-38, sobuzoxane, and topotecan.

[0114] Non-limiting examples of retinoids include alitretmoin, bexarotene, fenretmide, isotretinoin, liarozole, RII retinamide, and tretinoin.

[0115] Non-limiting examples of aziridines include benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa.

[0116] Non-limiting examples of antibiotics include intercalating antibiotics; anthracenediones; anthracycline antibiotics such as aclarubicin, amrubicin, daunomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, menogaril, nogalamycin, pirarubicin, and valrubicin; 6-diazo-5-oxo- L-norleucine; aclacinomysins; actinomycin; authramycin; azaserine; bleomycins; cactinomycin; calicheamicin; carabicm; carminomycm; carzmophilin; chromomycms; dactinomycin; detorubicin; esorubicin; esperamicins; geldanamycin; marcellomycin; mitomycins; mitomycin C; mycophenolic acid; olivomycins; novantrone; peplomycin; porfiromycin; potfiromycin; puromycin; quelamycin; rebeccamycin; rodorubicin; streptonigrin; streptozocin; tanespimycitr, tubercidin; ubenimex; zinostatin; zinostatin stimalamer; and zorubicin.

[0117] In one embodiment, the additional anti -cancer agent(s) is a hormonal and / or anti- hormonal agent (i.e., hormone therapy). Non-limiting examples of hormonal and anti- hormonal agents include anti -androgens such as abiraterone, apalutamide, bicalutamide, darolutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, goserelin, leuproiide, and nilutamide; anti-estrogens such as 4- hydroxy tamoxifen, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, EM-800, fosfestrol, fulvestrant, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene, and trioxifene; anti -adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, dexaminoglutethimide, mitotane, and trilostane; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol,mepitiostane, and testolactone; abarelix; anastrozole; cetrorelix; deslorelin; exemestane; fadrozole; finasteride; formestane; histrelin (RL 0903); human chorionic gonadotropin; lanreotide; LDI 200 (Milkhaus); letrozoie; leuprorelin; mifepristone; nafarelin; nafoxidme; osaterone; prednisone; thyrotropin alfa; and triptorelin.

[0118] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an immunotherapeutic agent (i.e., immunotherapy). Non-limiting examples of immunotherapeutic agents include biological response modifiers, cytokine inhibitors, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, colony-stimulating factors, and immunomodulators.

[0119] Non-limiting examples of biological response modifiers, including cytokine inhibitors (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins, include interferon alfa / interferon alpha such as interferon alfa-2, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n1, interferon alfa-n3, interferon alfacon-1, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, and leukocyte alpha interferon; interferon beta such as interferon beta- la, and interferon betalb; interferon gamma such as natural interferon gamma-1 a, and interferon gamma-1b; aldesleukin; interleukin- 1 beta; interleukin-2; oprelvekin; sonermin; tasonermin; and virulizin.

[0120] Non-limiting examples of tumor vaccines include APC 8015, AV1CINE, bladder cancer vaccine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), gastrin 17 immunogen, Maruyama vaccine, melanoma lysate vaccine, melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), TICE® BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), and viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital).

[0121] Non-limiting examples of monoclonal antibodies include abagovomab, adecatumumab, aflibercept, alemtuzumab, blinatumomab, brentuximab v 'edotin, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development), daclizumab, daratumumab, denosumab, edrecolomab, gemtuzumab zogamicin, HER- 2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), ibrituniomab tiuxetan, idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), ipilimumab, quavonlimab, vibostolimab, favezelimab, lintuzumab, LYM-1 -iodine 131 MAb (Techni clone), mitumomab, moxetumomab, ofatumumab, polymorphic epithelial mucin-ytrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), ranibizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab.

[0122] Non -limiting examples of immune checkpoint inhibitors include anti-PD-1 agents or antibodies such as cemiplimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab; anti-PD-L1 agents or antibodies such as atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab; anti-CTLA-4 agents orantibodies such as ipilumumab and quavonlimab; anti -LAG 1 agents; anti-LAG3 agents such as favezelimab, and anti-OX40 agents.

[0123] Non-limiting examples of colony-stimulating factors include darbepoetm alfa, epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, filgrastim, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, lenograstim, leridistirn, mirimostim, molgramostim, nartograstim, pegfilgrastim, and sargramostim.

[0124] Non-limiting examples of additional immunotherapeutic agents include BiTEs, CAR-T cells, GITR agonists, imiquimod, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), mismatched double stranded RNA (Ampiigen), resiquimod, SRL 172, and thymalfasin.

[0125] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a targeted therapy agent (i.e., targeted therapy). Targeted therapy agents include, for example, monoclonal antibodies and small molecule drugs. Non-limiting examples of targeted therapy agents include signal transduction inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kmase inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, cell-cycle inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, hepatocyte growth factor inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, KDR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, fibroblast growth factors (FGF) inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, ERK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, HER- 2 inhibitors, BRAF- inhibitors, BTK inhibitors (e.g., nemtabrutinib), gene expression modulators, autophagy inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, antiproliferative agents, and glycolysis inhibitors.

[0126] Non-limiting examples of signal transduction inhibitors include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, multiple-kmase inhibitors, anlotinib, avapritinib, axitinib, dasatinib, dovitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, lonidamine, nilotinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, pegvisomant, ponatinib, vandetanib, and EGFR inhibitory agents.

[0127] Non-limiting examples of EGFR inhibitory agents include small molecule antagonists of EGFR such as afatinib, brigatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, and osimertimb; and antibody-based EGFR inhibitors, including any anti-EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block EGFR activation by its natural ligand. Antibody-based EGFR inhibitory agents may include, for example, those described in Modjtahedi, H., et al., 1993, Br. J. Cancer 67:247-253; Teramoto, T., et al., 1996, Cancer 77:639-645; Goldstein et al, 1995, Clin. Cancer Res. 1 : 1311-1318; Huang, S. M., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 15:59(8): 1935-40; and Yang, X., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 59: 1236- 1243; monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3 (Yang, 1999 supra); Mab C225 (ATCC Accession No. HB-8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof;specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA; afatmib, cetuximab; matuzumab; necitumumab; nimotuzumab; panitumumab; and zalutumumab.

[0128] Non-limiting examples of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors include belinostat, panobmostat, romidepsin, and vorinostat.

[0129] Non-limiting examples of proteasome inhibitors include bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib, marizomib (salinosporamide a), and oprozomib.

[0130] Non-limiting examples of cell-cycle inhibitors, including CDK inhibitors, include abemaciclib, alvocidib, palbociclib, and ribociclib.

[0131] In one embodiment, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an anti-angiogenic agent (or angiogenesis inhibitor) including, but not limited to, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors; EGFR inhibitors; TOR inhibitors such as everolimus and temsirolimus; PDGFR kinase inhibitory agents such as crenolanib; HIF-ia inhibitors such as PX 478: HIF-2α inhibitors such as belzutifan and the HIF-2α inhibitors described in WO2015 / 035223; fibroblast grow th factor (FGF) or FGFR inhibitory’ agents such as B-FGF and RG 13577; hepatocyte growth factor inhibitors; KDR inhibitors; anti-Angl and anti-Ang2 agents; anti-Tie2 kinase inhibitory agents; Tek antagonists (US 2003 / 0162712; US 6,413,932); anti-TWEAK agents (US 6,727,225); ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (US 2002 / 0042368); anti-cph receptor and / or anti- ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (US 5,981,245; 5,728,813; 5,969,1 10; 6,596,852; 6,232,447; and 6,057,124); and anti-PDGF-BB antagonists as well as antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding to PDGF-BB ligands,

[0132] Non-limiting examples of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors include MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors, prinomastat, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are described, for example, in WO 96 / 33172, WO 96 / 27583, EP 1004578 , WO 98 / 07697, WO 98 / 03516, WO 98 / 34918, WO 98 / 34915, WO 98 / 33768, WO 98 / 30566, EP 0606046, EP 0931788, WO 90 / 05719, WO 99 / 52910. WO 99 / 52889, WO 99 / 29667, WO 1999 / 007675 , EP 1786785, EP 1 181017, US 2009 / 0012085 , US 5,863,949, US 5,861,510, and EP 0780386. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and / or MMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases ( i e. , MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MM P-6. MMP- 7, MMP- 8, MMP-10, MMP-1 1 , MMP-12, and MMP- 13).

[0133] Non-limiting examples of VEGF and VEGFR inhibitory agents include bevacizumab, cediranib, CEP 7055, CP 547632, KRN 633, orantinib, pazopanib, pegaptanib, pegaptanib octasodium, semaxanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, VEGF antagonist (Borean, Denmark), and VEGF-TRAP™.

[0134] The additional anti-cancer agent(s) rnay also be another anti-angiogenic agent including, but not limited to, 2-methoxyestradiol, AE 941, alenituzumab, alpha-D148 Mab (Amgen, US), alphastatin, anecortave acetate, angiocidin, angiogenesis inhibitors, (SUGEN, US), angiostatin, anti-Vn Mab (Crucell, Netherlands), atiprimod, axitinib, AZD 9935, BAY RES 2690 (Bayer, Germany, BC 1 (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy), beloranib, benefin (Lane Labs, US), cabozantinib, CDP 791 (Celltech Group, UK), chondroitinase AC, cilengitide, combretastatin A4 prodrug, CP 564959 (OSI, US), CV247, CYC 381 (Harvard University, US), E 7820, EHT 0101, endostatin, enzastaurin hydrochloride, ER-68203-00 (IV AX, US), fibrinogen-E fragment, Flk-1 (ImCione Systems, US), forms of FLT 1 (VEGFR 1 ), FR-111142, GCS-100, GW 2286 (GlaxoSmithKline, UK), IL-8, ilomastat, IM- 862, irsogladine, KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko, Japan), lenalidomide, lenvatinib, MAb alpha5beta3 integrin, second generation (Applied Molecular Evolution, USA and Medlmmune, US), MAb VEGF (Xenova, UK), marimastat, maspin (Sosei, Japan), metastatin, motuporamine C, M-PGA, ombrabulm, 0X14503, PI 88, platelet factor 4, PPI 2458, ramucirumab, rBPI 21 and BPI-derived antiangiogenic (XOMA, US), regorafenib, SC-236, SD-7784 (Pfizer, US), SDX 103 (University of California at San Diego, US), SG 292 (Telios, US), SU-0879 (Pfizer, US), TAN-1120, TBC-1635, tesevatinib, tetrathiomolybdate, thalidomide, thrombospondin 1 inhibitor, Tie-2 ligands (Regeneron, US), tissue factor pathway inhibitors (EntreMed, US), tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, tumstatin, TZ 93, urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors, vadimezan, vandetanib, vasostatin, vatalanib, VE-cadherin-2 antagonists, xanthorrhizol, XL 784 (Exelixis, US), ziv-aflibercept, and ZD 6126.

[0135] In embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is an additional active agent that disrupts or inhibits RAS-RAF-ERK or PI3K-AKT-TOR signaling pathways or is a PD-1 and / or PD-L1 antagonist. In embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent(s) is a RAF inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, P13K inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, TOR inhibitor, MCL-1 inhibitor, BCL-2 inhibitor, SHP2 inhibitor, proteasome inhibitor, or immune therapy, including monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAGl, anti-LAG3, and anti-OX40 agents, GITR agonists, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.

[0136] Non-limiting examples of RAF inhibitors include dabrafenib, encorafenib, regorafenib, sorafenib, and vemurafenib.

[0137] Non-limiting examples of MEK inhibitors include binimetinib, CI-1040, cobimetinib, PD318088, PD325901 , PD334581, PD98059, refametinib, selumetinib, and trametinib.

[0138] Non-limitmg examples of ERK inhibitors include LY3214996, LTT462, MK-8353, SCH772984, ravoxertinib, ulixertinib, and an ERKi as described in WO 2017 / 068412.

[0139] Non-limiting examples of PI3K inhibitors include 17-hydroxywortmannin analogs (e.g., WO 06 / 044453); AEZS-136; alpelisib; AS-252424; buparlisib; CAL263; copanlisib; CUDC-907; dactolisib (WO 06 / 122806); demethoxyviridin; duvelisib; GNE-477;GSK1059615; IC87114; idelalisib; INK11 17; LY294002; Palomid 529; paxalisib; perifosine; PI-103; PI-103 hydrochloride; pictilisib (e.g., WO 09 / 036,082; WO 09 / 055,730); PIK 90; PWT33597; SF1126; sonolisib; TGI 00-115; TGX-221; XL147; XL-765; wortmannin; and ZSTK474.

[0140] Non-limiting examples of AKT inhibitors include Akt-1-1 (inhibits Aktl) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J., 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); Akt- 1-1,2 (Barnet et al. (2005) Biochem. J. 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); APl-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91. 1808-12); 1- H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g. , WO05011700); indole-3 -carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,656,963; Sarkar and Li (2004) J Nutr. 134(12 Suppl), 3493 S-3498S); perifosine, Dasmaliapatra etal. (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. 10(15), 5242-52, 2004); phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (e.g. , Gills and Dennis (2004) Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 13, 787-97); triciribine (Yang et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64, 4394-9); irnidazooxazone compounds including trans-3-amino-l-methyl-3-[4-(3-phenyl- 5H-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-cyclobutanol hydrochloride (WO 2012 / 137870) ; afuresertib;; capivasertib; MK22.06; patasertib, and those disclosed in WO 2011 / 082270 and WO 2012 / 177844.[0141J Non-limiting examples of TOR inhibitors include deforolimus; ATP -competitive TORC1 / TORC2 inhibitors, including PI-103, PP242, PP30, and Torin 1 ; TOR inhibitors in FKBP12 enhancer, rapamycins and derivatives thereof, including temsirolimus, everolimus, WO 9409010; rapalogs, e.g. as disclosed in WO 98 / 02441 and WO 01 / 14387, e.g.AP23573, AP23464, or AP23841; 40-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycm, 40-[3- hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate]-rapamycin ; 40-epi-(tetrazolyl)-rapamycin (also called ABT578); 32-deoxorapamycin; 16-pentynyloxy-32(S)-dihydrorapanycin, and other derivatives disclosed in WO 05 / 005434; derivatives disclosed in US 5,258,389, WO94 / 090101, WO 92 / 05179, US 5,118,677, US 5,118,678, US 5,100,883, US 5,151,413, US 5,120,842, WO 93 / 11 1130, WO 94 / 02136, WO 94 / 02485, WO 95 / 14023, WO 94 / 02136, WO 95 / 16691, WO 96 / 41807, WO 96 / 41807 and US 5,256,790; and phosphorus-containing rapamycin derivatives (e.g., WO 05 / 016252).

[0142] Non-limiting examples of MCL-1 inhibitors include AMG-176, MIK665, and S63845.

[0143] Non-limiting examples of SHP2 inhibitors include SHP2 inhibitors described in WO 2019 / 167000 and WO 2020 / 022323.

[0144] Additional non-limiting examples of anti-cancer agents that are suitable for use include 2 -ethylhydrazide, 2,2',2"-tnchlorotriethylamine, ABVD, aceglatone, acemannan, aldophosphamide glycoside, alpharadin, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, anagrelide, ANGER, ancestim, anti-CD22 immunotoxins, antitumorigenic herbs, apaziquone, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, azathioprine, BAM 002 (Novelos), bcl-2 (Genta), bestrabucil, biricodar, bisantrene, bromocriptine, brostallicin, bryostatin, buthiomne sulfoximine, calyculin, cellcycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, celmoleukin, clodronate, clotrimazole, cytarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong-A), defofamine, denileukin diftitox, dexrazoxane, diaziquone, dichloroacetic acid, dilazep, discodermolide, docosanol, doxercalciferol, edelfosine, eflomithine, EL532 (Elan), elfomithine, elsamitrucin, eniluracil, etanidazole, exisulmd, ferruginol, folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid, gacytosine, gallium nitrate, gimeracii / oteracil / tegafur combination (S-l), glycopine, histamine dihydrochloride, HIT diclofenac, HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical), human fetal alpha fetoprotein, ibandronate, ibandronic acid, ICE chemotherapy regimen, imexon, iobenguane, IT-101 (CRLX101), laniquidar, LC 9018 (Yakult), leflunomide, lentinan, levamisole + fluorouracil, lovastatin, lucanthone, niasoprocol, melarsoprol, metoclopramide, miltefosine, miproxifene, mitoguazone, mitozolomide, mopidamol, motexafm gadolinium, MX6 (Galderma), naloxone + pentazocine, mtracrine, nolatrexed, NSC 631570 octreotide (Ukrain), olaparib, P-30 protein, PAC-1, palifermin, pamidronate, pamidronic acid, pentosan polysulfate sodium, phenamet, picibanil, pixantrone, platinum, podophyllinic acid, porfimer sodium, PSK (Polysaccharide-K), rabbit antithymocyte polyclonal antibody, rasburiembodiment, retinoic acid, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, romurtide, samarium (153 Srn) lexidronam, sizofiran, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, spirogermanium, strontium-89 chloride, suramin, swainsonine, talaporfin, tariquidar, tazarotene, tegafur-uracil, temoporfm, tenuazonic acid, tetrachlorodecaoxide, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine,TLC ELL-12, tositumomab-iodine 131, trifluridine and tipiracil combination, troponin I (Harvard University, US), urethan, valspodar, verteporfin, zoledronic acid, and zosuquidar.

[0145] The present disclosure further provides a method for using the compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation therapy to treat cancer. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein. The administration of the compound of Formula (I) in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.

[0146] Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including, without limitation, external-beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachy therapy. The term "brachytherapy," as used herein, refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended, without limitation, to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g., At-211, I -131, I -125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm- 153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids. By way of non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as I -125, 1 -131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I -125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of l-125 or I -131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, Y-90. Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive microspheres.

[0147] The present disclosure also provides methods for combination therapies in which tire additional active agent is known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes which are used in combination with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, such therapy includes, but is not limited to, the combination of one or more compounds of Formula (I) with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, hormonal therapy agents, therapeutic antibodies, targeted therapy agents, and radiation treatment, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

[0148] The compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure will be co-administcred with other agents as described above. When used in combination therapy, the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents m the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound of Formula (I) and any of the agents described above can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of Formula (I) and any of the agents described above can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, a compound of Formula (I) can be administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of Formula (I) and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.

[0149] As one aspect of the present disclosure contemplates the treatment of the disease / conditions with a combination of pharmaceutically active compounds that may be administered separately, the disclosure further relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of Formula (I), and a second pharmaceutical compound. The kit comprises a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Additional examples of containers include syringes, boxes, and bags. In some embodiments, the kit comprises directions for the use of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing health care professional.

[0150] The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy. The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating cancer, or use of a compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer. The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer. The present disclosure also provides for the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent for treating cancer. The disclosure also provides the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti -cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer. The present disclosure also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer. The present disclosure also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for treating cancer.Methods of Preparing the Compounds of the Disclosure

[0151] The compounds described herein can be prepared according to the procedures of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples. The compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be constmed as forming the only genus that is considered as the disclosure. The examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. For instance, in some cases, the order of carrying out the steps of reaction schemes may be varied to facilitate the reaction or to avoid unwanted reaction products. These examples are provided tor the purpose of further illustration only and are not intended to be limitations on the disclosure. Any intermediates described below may be referred to herein by their number preceded by "Int-."

[0152] Throughout the synthetic schemes and examples, abbreviations and acronyms may be used with the foliowing meanings unless otherwise indicated: s = singlet; d = doublet; t = triplet; q = quartet; sep = septet; dd = double doublet; dt = double triplet; td = triple doublet; t = triple triplet; ddd = double double doublet; ddt = double double triplet; dtd = double triple doublet; tdd = triple double doublet; m = multiplet; br = broad; brs = broad singlet; Ac “ acetyl; AcO = acetate; AcOH = acetic acid; BI-DIME = 3-(tert-butyl)-4-(2,6- dimethoxyphenyl)-2.,3-dihydrobenzo[d][l ,3]oxaphosphole; Bn = benzyl; BnO = benzyloxy; Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl ; Boc2O = di-tert-butyl decarbonate; BOP = benzotriazol- 1- yloxytm(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; Bpin: pinacol boronic ester; B2pin2= bis(pinacolato)diboron; Bu = butyl; rBu = tert-butyl; tBuO = OtBu = tert-butoxide; calc’d = calculated; Cbz = benzyloxycarbonyl; cone. = concentrated; DCE = 1 ,2- dichloroethane; DCM = dichloromethane; Dess-Martin periodinane = l,l,l-tris(acetyloxy)- l,l-dihydro-l,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one; DIPEA = N,N-diisopropylethylamine; DMF = N,N-di methyl form am ide; DMSO = di methyl sulfoxide; DMSO-d6= deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide; dppf = 1, 1'-ftA(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; EDC = l-[3- (dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide; ESI = electrospray ionization; Et = ethyl; EtOAc = ethyl acetate; EtOH = ethanol; Ex. = example; Fmoc = fluorenyl methoxy carbonyl; GDP = guanosine diphosphate; h = hour; HATU: N- [(dimethylamino)-1H-l,2,3-triazoIo-[4,5-6]pyridin-l-ylmethylene]- N- methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide; HOBt =:1 -hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; HPLC = high pressure liquid chromatography; Int = intermediate; iPr = isopropyl; i-PrOH = isopropyl alcohol; LiHMDS = Lithium &te(trimethylsilyl)amide; M = Molar; mCPBA = 3-chlorobenzoperoxoic acid = m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; Me = methyl; MeCN = acetonitrile; MeOH = methanol; min = minute; MO = methoxy; MOM = methoxymethyl; MP-cyanoborohydride = polymer supported cyanoborohydride, BIOTAGE® Part No. 800407; MS = mass spectrometry; Ms = methane sulfonyl; MsCl = methanesulfonyl chloride; N = Normal; NCS = N-chlorosuccinimide; NIS = N- iodosuccinimide; NMP = Artnethyl-2. -pyrrolidone; NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance; Pd- C = palladium on carbon; PdCl2(DPEPhos) = dichloro [bis(2- (diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether]palladium(II); Pd(dppf)Cl2= [1,T- bis(diphenylphosphmo)ferrocene] dichloropalladium(II) ; Pdzdbas = tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); pet. ether = petroleum ether; PMB = 4- methoxybenzyl = p-methoxybenzyl; PyAOP = (7-azabenzotriazol-l - yloxyltripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; PyBOP = (benzotriazol- 1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphomum hexafluorophosphate; rac = racemic; RT = room temperature; RuPhos Pd G2 = chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-226’-diisopropoxy- 1,1'- biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino- 1,1'-biphenyl)]palladium(II); sat’d = saturated; sc = supercritical; scCO2= supercritical carbon dioxide; SFC = supercritical fluid chromatography; SPhos Pd G3 = (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyI)[2-(2'-amino- 1,1'- biphenyl)Jpalladium(II) me thane sulfonate; TBAF = tetrabutylammonium fluoride; TBDPS = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl; Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl; TfO = trifluoromethanesulfonate; TF = 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; TFA = trifluoroacetic acid; TFE = 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; THF = tetrahydrofuran; THP = tetrahydropyran; TIPS = triisopropypsilyl; THF = tetrahydrofuran; TLC = thin layer chromatography; TMP: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl; TMS = trimethylsilyl; pTsOH =p-toluenesu1fonic acid = 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; XPhos Pd G2 = chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-l,T-biphenyl)[2-(2'- amino-l,T-biphenyl)]palladium(II); Xphos Pd G3 = (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,4’,6’- triisopropyl-1, 1 ’ -biphenyl) [2-(2’ -amino- 1 , 1 ’-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate; Xphos Pd G3 = (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,4’,6’-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino- 1,1'-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate; Xphos Pd G4 = (2-dicycIohexylphosphino- 2',4',6’ -triisopropyl- 1,1’ -biphenyl) [2-(2’ -methylamino- 1 , 1 ’ -biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate; um = micrometer.

[0153] The reagents used in the Examples are commercially available products unless indicated otherwise. Prepacked columns manufactured by Teledyne ISCO or Biotage were used in silica gel column chromatography and basic silica gel column chromatography. A VANCE III HD 500 spectrometer (500 MHz; BRUKER) were used for NMR spectra. For a deuterated solvent containing tetramethylsilane, tetramethylsilane was used as the internal reference. For other cases, measurement was performed using an NMR solvent as the internal reference. All 5 values are indicated in ppm. Microwave reactions were performed using an Initiator (trademark) manufactured by Biotage. RediSepRf C18 High Performance GOLD columns manufactured by Teledyne ISCO Inc. were used for preparative reversed- phase HPLC.EXAMPLES

[0154] Methyl 7 -(methylamino)heptanoate

[0155] To stirred N,N ,N',N'-tetramethylmethanediamine (12.7 g, 125 mmol) at 0 °C were added TFA (52.0 mL, 31.2 mmol) and methyl hex-5-enoate (4.00 g, 31 .2 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 75 °C for 16 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in DCM and washed with 5M NaOH. Tire organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10-12% MeOH / DCM) to give methyl 7-(methylamino)heptanoate (2 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C9H20NO2[M+H]+: 174; found: 174.

[0156] Ethyl 7 -(methy lamin o)heptan oate

[0157] Step A: Ethyl 7-(benzyl(methyl)amino)heptanoate

[0158] To a stirred solution of N-methyl-l-phenylmethanamine (2.00 g, 16.5 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) were added ethyl 7-bromoheptanoate (3.91 g, 16.5 mmol) and K2CO3(3.42 g, 24.8 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h, diluted with EtOAc, and then washed with water (5x). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 7-(benzyl(methyl)amino)heptanoate (4.10 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C17H28NO2[M + H] 7 278; found: 2.78.1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35 - 7.29 (m, 4H), 7.27 - 7.22 (m, 1H), 4.13 (q, J= 7.2 Hz, 211), 3.49 (s, 2H), 2.41 - 2.33 (m, 211), 2.29 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1 .66 - 1.59 (m, 21 1). 1.56 - 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.36 - 1.30 (m, 4H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).

[0159] Step B: Ethyl 7-(methylamino)heptanoat.e

[0160] To a stirred solution of ethyl 7-(benzyl(methyl)amino)heptanoate (4.00 g, 14.4 mmol) in TFE (60 mL) were added Pd-C (10 wt%, 1.53 g, 1.44 mmol) and HCl (4 M in dioxane, 2 drops). The reaction vessel was stirred at 15 psi H2at RT for 16 h, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 7-(methylamino)heptanoate (2.5 g), which was useddirectly in subsequent step(s) without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C10H22NO2[ M+ H ]+. 188; found: 188.1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.12 (d, J 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.62 - 2.52 (m, 2H). 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.68 - 1.57 (m, 2.H), 1.54 - 1 .45 (m, 2H), 1 .38 - 1 .30 (m, 4H), 1 .25 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H).

[0161] Ethyl 3-(2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)propanoate

[0162] Step A: Tert-butyl (E)-6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-l-en-l-yl)-2-azaspiro[3.31heptane-2- carboxylate

[0163] To a stirred solution of KOtBu (3.74 g, 33.3 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added triethyl phosphonoacetate (7.46 g, 33.3 mmol). Ihe resulting mixture was heated to 35 °C for 1 h, and then tert-butyl 6-formyl-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2 -carboxylate (3.00 g, 13.3 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 35 °C, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-35% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl (E)-6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-l-en-l-yl)-2- azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate (1.5 g).1H MMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.96 (dd, J = 15.6, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (dd, J= 15.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 - 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.03 - 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.44 - 2.37 (m, 211), 2.15 - 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.29 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H).

[0164] Step B: Tert-butyl 6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2-azaspiro[3.31heptane-2-carboxylate

[0165] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (E)-6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-l-en-l-yl)-2- azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol) in TFE (10 mL) was added Pd-C (10 wt%, 540 mg, 0.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 psi H? at RT for 16 h, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 15% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give tert-butyl 6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2- azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2 -carboxylate (1.3 g).1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.14 - 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.94 - 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.30 - 2.22 (m, 2H), 2.19 (t, 7.6 Hz. 2H), 2.15 -2.06 (m, 1H), 1 .79 - 1 .72 (m, 2H), 1.67 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1 .48 - 1.39 (m, 9H), 1 .2.8 - 1.22 (m, 3H).

[0166] Step C: Ethyl 3-(2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yi)propanoate

[0167] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 6-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane- 2 -carboxylate (1 .20 g, 4.04 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM and quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 3-(2- azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)propanoate (700 mg), which was used directly m subsequent step(s) without further purification .1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.13 - 4.08 (m, 2H), 4.05 (br s, 2H), 3.93 (br s, 2H), 2.44 - 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.19 (t. J 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.15 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.86 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.29 - 1.24 (m, 3H).

[0168] 7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol

[0169] Step A: 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid

[0170] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3 -fluorobenzoic acid (30.0 g, 128 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was added NIS (86.5 g, 385 mmol), lire resulting mixture was heated to 100 °C for 5 h, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of water. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water, and then dried in vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5- iodobenzoic acid (44.5 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0171] Step B: Methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoate

[0172] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid (3.00 g, 8.34 mmol) and K2CO3(3.46 g, 25.0 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added Mel (0.57 mL, 9.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, and then additional Mel (0.10 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, diluted with EtOAc, and quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, and then concentrated in vacuo to give a crude ester.

[0173] To a stirred solution of the crude ester and pyridine (2.02 mL, 25 mmol) in DCM (930 mL) was added AcCl (0.77 mL, 11 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 days and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc, washed with water, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in MeCN, heated to 80 °C for 30 min, and then cooled to RT. The precipitate was filtered and dried in vacuo to give methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-iodobenzoate (1.96 g). ESI-MS m / 'z calc’d for C10H9BrFINO3[M+H];: 416; found: 416.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J= 1 .6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

[0174] Step C: Methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5 -(trifl uoromethyl)benzoate

[0175] To a stirred mixture of methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5 -iodobenzoate (1.95 g, 4.69 mmol) and Cui (536 mg, 2.81 mmol) in NMP (2.0 mL) was added methyl 2,2- difluoro-2 -fluorosulfonyl acetate (1.78 mL, 14.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2.5 h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10-65% EtOAc / hexanes) to give methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (1.36 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C11H9BrF4NO3[M + H] 2 358; found: 358.1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.39 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2. 11 (s, 3H).

[0176] Step D: 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid

[0177] A stirred solution of methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoate (1 ,36 g, 3.08 mmol) in 10% HCl in MeOH (20 ml.,) was heated to 80 °C for 4 h, cooled to RT, and then concentrated in vacuo to give a crude ester.

[0178] To a stirred solution of the etude ester in THF (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH · H2O (797 mg, 19.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 70 °C for 3 h, cooled to RT, and then quenched by addition of HCl (2 M in water) until neutral. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and then concentrated m vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1 . 15 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C8H5BrF4NO2[M+H] ’ : 302; found: 302.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.62 (br s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.46 (br s, 2H).

[0179] Step E: 7-bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol

[0180] A stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (9.34 g, 30.9 mmol) from multiple batches in thionyl chloride (22.5 mL, 310 mmol) washeated to 80 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, and then concentrated in vacuo (after repeated concentration with toluene) to give a crude acid chloride.

[0181] To a stirred mixture of the crude acid chloride m acetone (30 mb) at 0 °C was added NH4SCN (2.50 g, 33.0 mmol) in acetone (10 mb). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered to give a crude quinazoline.

[0182] To a stirred solution of the crude quinazoline in NaOH (2.0 M in water, 60 mL, 120 mmol) was added Mel (2.31 mL, 37.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, and then additional Mel (0.75 mmol, 12.1 mmol) was added. Tire resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min and then filtered. To the filtrate was added 2.0 M HCl until pH = 3. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water, and then dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give 7- bromo-8-fluoro-2-(methyIthio)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ol (10.1 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C10H5BrF4N2OS [ M+ H ]+. 357; found: 357.

[0183] (2S.4R)-l-(6S)-2-amino-4.4.4-trifluorobutanoyl)-4-hydroxy- N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

[0184] Step A : (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl ((S)-4.4,4-trifluoro-l-((2S.4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4- methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-l-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate

[0185] To a stirred solution of (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4,4,4- trifluorobutanoic acid (25 mg, 0.066 mmol) and (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-ium chloride (42 mg, 0.12 mmol) in MeCN (1.3mL) were added HATH (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) and DIPEA (92 uL, 0.53 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then purified by reverse-phase preparative HPLC (C18, MeCN / water with 0.05% TFA modifier) to give (9H-fluoren-9- yl)methyl ((S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazoI-5- yl)benzyl)carbanioyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-l-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (45 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C35H34F3N4O5S [M+H]+: 679: found: 679.

[0186] Step B: (2S.4R)-l-(S)-2-amino-4.4.4-trifluorobutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4- methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyi)pyrrolidine-2 -carboxamide

[0187] To a stirred solution of (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyI ((S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-l-((2S,4R)-4- hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-l-oxobutan-2- yl)carbamate (45 mg, 0.066 mmol) in THF (0.15 mb) was added MezNH (2 M in THF, 0.13 mL, 0.26 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, diluted with ether / hexanes, and then cooled to -20 °C. The top layer was separated, and the bottom layer was concentrated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-ainino-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl)-4- hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrohdine-2 -carboxamide (25 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C20H24F3N4O3S [M+H]+: 457; found: 457.

[0188] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding amino acid. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0189] (2S,4R)- 1 -(L-valyll-N-((R)- 1 -(4-( 1 -ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

[0190] Step A: Tert-butyl (R)-(l-(4-( l-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)carbamate

[0191] To a stirred solution of 1 -ethyi-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H- pyrazole (420 mg, 1.9 mmol), tert-butyl (R)-( l -(4-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (300 nig, 0.95 mmol) and XPhos Pd G2 (75 mg, 0.095 mmol) in dioxane (4.3 mL) and water (0.43 mL) was added CS2CO3(1.0 M in water, 1,9 mL, 1.9 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C for 1 h, cooled to RT, filtered through a pad of MgSCWsilica gel (rinsing with EtOAc), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc / hexanes) to give tert-butyl (R)-(l-(4-(l -ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (262 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C18H26N3O3[ M+ H ]+: 332; found: 332.

[0192] Step B : (R)-2-amino-2-(4-( I -ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5 -yl)phenyl)ethan- 1 -ol

[0193] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (R)-(l-(4-(l-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)carbamate (260 mg, 0.80 mmol) in DCM (2.6 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1.4 mL, 5.6 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and then concentrated in vacuo to give (R)-2-amino-2-(4-(l-ethyl-1H-pyrazo]-5-yl)phenyl)ethan-l-ol (213 mg), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C13H18N3O [M+H]+: 232; found: 232.

[0194] Step C : Tert-butyl ( (S)- 1 -( (2.S'.47D-2-(( (R)- 1 -(4-( 1 -ethyl- 1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl)-4-hydroxyrpyrrolidin-I-yl)-3-methyl-l -oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate

[0195] To a stirred solution of (R)-2-amino-2-(4-(l-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethan-l- ol (100 mg, 0.37 mmol) and (2S,4R)-l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-valyl)-4- hydroxypyrrolidme-2-carboxylic acid (150 mg, 0.45 mmol) in DMF (1 ,2 ml.) was added DIPEA (200 μL, 1.1 mmol), followed by HATU (190 mg, 0.49 mmol). Tire resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min, quenched by addition of sat’d MaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSOr, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-15% MeOH / DCM) to give tert-butyl ((S)-l- ((2S',4R)-2-(((R)-l-(4-(l-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl)-4- hydroxypyrrolidm-l -yl)-3-methyl-I-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (183 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C28H42N5O6[ M+ H]+: 544; found: 544.

[0196] Step D : (2S,4R)- 1 -(L-valyl)-N-((R)- 1-(4-( 1 -ethyl-1H-py raz ol -5 -y l)phenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

[0197] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((.S)-l -((2S,4R)-2-(((R)-l-(4-(l -ethyl-] H-pyrazol- 5-yl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-l-yl)-3-methyl-l-oxobutan- 2-yl)carbamate (180 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DCM (1.1 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 590 μL, 2.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)- 1 -(Z,-valyl)-N-((R)_1 -(4-( I -ethyl-1H -pyrazol-5 -yl)pheny 1 )-2- hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2 -carboxamide (162 mg), which was used directly in subsequent step(s) without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc ’d for C23H34M5O4[M+H]+: 444; found: 444.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8,60 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (s, 3H), 7.51 (d, J= 1 .8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 311), 6.33 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (q, .Z= 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.60 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, H I). 4.34 (s, 1H), 4.13 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.05 -- 4.00 (m, 1 H),3,75 - 3.58 (m, 3H), 3.54 (dd, J= 10.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (t, J= 12.2, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 1 .79 (ddd, J = 13.1, 9.0, 4.3 Hz, 1 H), 1 .32 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1 .03 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H).

[0198] The compound in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in tire above synthesis by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding precursor. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0199] The NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0200] (2S.4R)- 1 -(L-valyl)-4-hydroxy-N ((R)-2-hydroxy-l -(4-(4-methylthiazoI-5- yl)phenyl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2 -carboxamide

[0201] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 3H), 7.45 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (q, J= 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (t, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.75 - 3.58 (m, 3H), 3.56 - 3.45 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.14 (dt, J= 14.1, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (ddd. J 13.0, 9.0, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 1 .03 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 3H).

[0202] (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-azido-3.3-diniethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzyl [pyrrolidine -2 -carboxamide

[0203] To a stirred solution of (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy- N-(4-(4-methylthiazoI-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (1.00 g, 2.32 mmol) and 1H- imidazole-1 -sulfonyl azide hydrochloride (974 mg, 4.65 mmol) in DMF (7.7 mL) was added K2CO3(3 M in water, 3.1 mL, 9.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated and washed with -water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-10% MeOH / DCM) to give (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2- azido-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2- carboxamide (714 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C22H29N6O3S [M+H{+: 457; found: 457.Synthesis of Alcohol Intermediates

[0204] Intermediate A001: Methyl (R)-7-(((2..2-difluoro-l-(hydroxymetiiyr)cyclopropyl)metiiyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-A001)

[0205] Step A: (S)-(l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl methane sulfonate

[0206] To a stirred solution of (R)-(l-((benzyloxy)metbyl)-2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methanol (1.17 g, 5.13 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0 °C was added NEt3(1.43 mL, 10.3 mmol), followed by MsCl (640 μL, 8.22 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo togive (S)-(l -((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyI)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0207] Step B: (R)-l-(l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2.2-difluorocyclopropyl)-N- methylmethan amine

[0208] To a stirred solution of (S)-(l -((benzyloxy )methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate in EtOH (5.1 mL) was added MeNH2(33% in EtOH, 16 mL, 128 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (C18, 10-100% MeCN / water with 0.05% TFA modifier) to give (R)-l-(l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-N- methyiniethanamine (1.71 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C13H18F2NO [M+H]+: 242; found: 242.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 - 7.24 (m, 5H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.61 (br d, J= 10.61 Hz, H I). 3.53 - 3.49 (rn, 1H). 2.96 (br d, J = 12.87 Hz, 1H), 2.83 - 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.35 - 1.20 (m, 2H).

[0209] Step C: Methyl (R)-7-(((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2.2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate

[0210] To a stirred solution of (R)-l-(l -((benzyloxy )methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyI)-N- methyiniethanamine (1.71 g, 4.82 mmol) in MeCN (32.1 mL) was added methyl 7- bromoh eptanoate (2.15 g, 9.64 mmol) followed by K2CO3(2.67 g, 19.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C overnight, cooled to RT, filtered through a pad of CELITE®, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (C18, 10-100% MeCN / water with 0.05% TFA modifier) to give methyl (R)-7-(((l- ((benzyloxy )methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (2.39 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C21H32F2NO3[ M+ H ]+. 384; found: 384.

[0211] Step D: Methyl (R)-7-(((2,2-difluoro-l- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-AOOl)

[0212] To a stirred solution of methyl (R)-7-(((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (2.39 g, 4.81 mmol) in TFE (32 mL) were added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1.20 mL, 4.81 mmol) and Pd-C (10 wt%, 1.53 g, 1.44 mmol). The reaction vessel was evacuated under vacuum and purged with H2(3x). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, filtered through a pad of celite (rinsing with MeOH), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc, washed with sat’d NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give methyl (R)-7- (((2,2-difluoro-l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-A001 ) (1 .28 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESIMS m / z calc’d for C14H26F2NO3[ M + H]+: 294; found: 294.

[0213] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A001 by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding alcohol such as using (l-((benzjdoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol or (R or S)-(l-((benzy1oxy)metiiyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methanol and the corresponding alkyl halides. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0214] A representative NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0215] Int-A037

[0216] 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.10 - 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.84 (br dd, J = 3.87, 1 1.62 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J= 11.68 Hz, 1H). 2.95 (br dd, J = 4.47, 13.17 Hz, 1H), 2.53 - 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.23 (t, J= 7.45 Hz, 2H), 1 .68 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1 .37 - 1 .22 (m, 5H), 1.19 (t J= 7.15 Hz, 3H), 1.05 - 0.96 (m, 1H).

[0217] Intermediate A002: Ethyl 3-(l-(( l-(hvdroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)pipendin-4-yl)propanoate (Int-A002)

[0218] Step A: l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropane-l-carbaldehyde

[0219] To a stirred solution of (1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (500 mg, 2.60 mmol) in DCM (17 ml) at 0 °C was added Dess-Martin periodinane (1.43 g, 3.38 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, diluted with DCM, washed with Na2S2O3, washed with sat’d NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyciopropane-l-carbaldehyde, which was used directly m the next step without further purification.

[0220] Step B: Ethyl 3-(l-((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)piperidin-4- yllpropanoate

[0221] To a stirred solution of 1 -((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropane-l-carbaldehyde (200 mg, 1.05 mmol) in DCM (5.3 mL) and MeOH (5.3 ml.) were added ethyl 3-(piperidin-4- yl)propanoate hydrochloride (233 mg, 1.05 mmol), AcOH (181 μL, 3.15 mmol), and 4A molecular sieves. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min and then BIOTAGE® MP-cyanoborohydride (1.32 g, 3.15 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 4.5 h, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (C 18, 10-100% MeCN / water) to give ethyl 3-(l-((l- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanoate (176 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d tor C22H34NO3[M+H]+: 360; found: 360.

[0222] Step C: Ethyl 3-(l-((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)piperidin-4- yl)propanoate (Int-A002)

[0223] To a stirred solution of ethyl 3-(l -((l- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanoate (176 mg, 0.490 mmol) in TFE (6.1 mL) were added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 122 uL, 0.490 mmol) and Pd-C (10 wt%, 52 mg, 0.049 mmol). The reaction vessel was evacuated under vacuum and purged with H2(3x). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, filtered through a pad of CELITE® (rinsing with MeOH), and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 3-(l-((l- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanoate (Int-A002) (112 mg), which was used directly m subsequent step(s) without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C15H28NO3 [M+H]+: 270; found: 270.

[0224] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A002 by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding alcohol such as using (R)-( 1 -((benzyloxy)methyl)-2, 2- difluorocyclopropyl)methanol or (1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein . In Step C, alternatively, MeOH may be used as the solvent.

[0225] Intermediate A003: Methyl 2-(3-(( 1 -(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (Int-A003)

[0226] Step A: ( l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate

[0227] To a stirred solution of (1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyclopropyl)methano1 (52 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) were added NEt3(75 uL, 0.54 mmol) and MsCl (34 uL, 0.43 mmol).The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM.The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo togive (1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0228] Step B: Methyl 2-(3-((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro [5.5] undecan-9-yl)acetate

[0229] To a stirred solution of (l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate, methyl 2-(3-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (61 mg, 0.27 mmol) in THF was added K3PO4(0.81 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C for 16 h, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Several batches were combined, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-100% MeCN / water with 0.05% TFA modifier) to give methyl 2-(3-((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (140 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C25H38NO3[ M + H]+: 400; found: 400.

[0230] Step C: Methyl 2-(3-(( l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (Int-A003)

[0231] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-(3-((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (140 mg) in TFE (3.5 mL) were added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 88 uL, 0.35 mmol) and Pd-C (10 wt%, 75 mg, 0.070 mmol). The reaction vessel was evacuated under vacuum and purged with H2(3x). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h, filtered through a pad of CELITE® (rinsing with MeOH), and concentrated in vacuo to give methyl 2-(3-((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-3- azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)acetate (Int-A003) (91 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C18H31NO3[M+H|T 310; found: 310.

[0232] Compounds in the table below were synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A003 by making the appropriate substitutions for the corresponding alcohol such as using (R)-( 1 -((benzyloxy)methyl)-2, 2- difluorocyclopropyljmethanol or ( 1 -((benzyloxy )methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol. Appropriate substitutions are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. In Step B, alternatively, K2CO3may be used as the base. i

[0233] Representative NMR spectra are provided below.

[0234] Int-A049

[0235] 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.04 (q. 7.15 Hz, 2H), 3.62 - 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.39 -3.17 (m, 2.H), 2.87 (br d, J = 10.49 Hz. 1H), 2.67 - 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.28 (br d, 8.46 Hz, 1 H), 2.20 - 2.00 (m, 4H), 1.78 - 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.28 - 1.15 (m, 5H), 1.13 - 1.01 (m, 1H), 0.84 (t, J = 7.39 Hz, 1H).

[0236] Int-A056

[0237] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.62 - 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.02 (br d, J = 11.44 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (br d, J= 13.11 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (br s. 2H), 1.97 (br d, J = 17.17 Hz, 3H), 1.88 - 1.77 (m. 2H), 1.12 - 0.96 (m, 2H).

[0238] Intermediate A012: Methyl (R)-6-(((2,2-difluoro- 1-(hydrox\inethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (Int-A012)

[0239] Step A: Methyl (R)-6-(((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino [hexanoate

[0240] To a stirred solution of (R)-l-(l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2.-difluorocyclopropyl)-N- methylmethanamine (Step B of Int-A001) (200 mg, 0.829 mmol) in DCE (4.2 mL) and MeOH (4.2 mL) were added methyl 6-oxohexanoate (120 mg, 0.829 mmol), AcOH (142 μL, 2.49 mmol), and 4.4 molecular sieves. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min and then BIOTAGE® MP-cyanoborohydride (1.04 g, 2.49 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (C18, 10-100% MeCN / water) to give methyl (R)-6-(((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (208 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d tor C20H30F2NO3[M+H]+: 370; found: 370.

[0241] Step B: Methyl (R)-6-(((2.2-difluoro-l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino (hexanoate (Int-A012)

[0242] To a stirred solution of methyl (R)-6-(((l-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)(metbyl)amino)hexanoate (208 mg, 0,563 mmol) in TFE (7.0 mL) were added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 141 uL, 0.56 mmol) and Pd-C (10 wt%, 60 mg, 0.056 mmol). The reaction vessel was evacuated under vacuum and purged with H2(3x).The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight, and then subjected to additional Pd-C (10 wt%, 10 mg). Tire reaction vessel was evacuated under vacuum and purged with H2(3x).The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h, filtered through a pad of CELITE® (rinsing with MeOH), and concentrated in vacuo to give methyl (R)-6-(((2,2-difluoro-l- (hydroxymethy])cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (Int-A012), which was used directly in subsequent step(s) without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C13H24F2MO3[ M+H]+: 280; found: 280.

[0243] The compound in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A012 by making the appropriate substitutions that are available commercially, synthesized as described in the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein. In Step B, alternatively, BCI3in DCM / MeOH may be used.

[0244] Intermediate A025: Methyl 6-(((l -(hydroxymethy])cyclopropyl)methy])(methyl)amino)hexanoate (Int-A025)

[0245] Step A: Methyl 6-(((l -((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)ammo)hexanoate

[0246] To a stirred solution of methyl 6-ammohexanoate hydrochloride (3.50 g, 19.3 mmol) in MeOH (35 ml.) were added l-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropane-l-carbaldehyde (Step A of Int-A002) (3.30 g, 17.3 mmol) and AcOH (221 uL, 3.85 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, and then 2 -picoline borane complex (2.38 mL, 28.9 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-8% MeOH / DCM) to give methyl 6-(((l- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)amino)hexanoate (3.50 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C19H30NO3[ M+ H ]+. 320; found: 320.

[0247] Step B: Methyl 6-(((l- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate

[0248] To a stirred solution of methyl 6-((( 1- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)amino)hexanoate (4.5 g, 14 mmol) from multiple batches m MeOH was added formaldehyde (5.3 mL, 70 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, and then NaBH3CN (4.4 g, 70 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, gel, 0-6% MeOH / DCM) to give methyl 6-((( 1- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (4.1 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C20H32NO3[M+H]+: 334; found: 334.

[0249] Step C: Methyl 6-(((l - (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (lnt-A025)

[0250] To a stirred solution of methyl 6-(((l- ((benzyloxy)methyl)cyc]opropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (1.5 g, 4.5 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was added Pd-C (10 wt%, 1.44 g, 14 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred in a Parr shaker at 60 psi H2at RT for 48 h, filtered through a pad of CELITE®(rinsing with MeOH), and concentrated in vacuo to give methyl 6-(((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoate (Int-A025), which was used directly in subsequent step(s) without further purification, ESI-MS m / z calc’d forC13H26NO3[M+H]+: 244; found: 244.

[0251] Intermediate A026: Benzyl (R)-((2.2-difluoro-l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)carbamate (Int-A026)

[0252] Step A: (R)-( 2.2-difluoro- 1 -((methylamino)metiiyl)cyc1opropyl)metlianol

[0253] To a stirred solution of (R)-l-(l -((benzyloxy )methyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-N- methylmethanamine (Step B of Int-AOOl) (1.80 g, 6.49 mmol) in TFE (40 mL) was added Pd-C (10 wt%, 1.38 g, 1.30 mmol) (10%). The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 psi H2at RT for 16 h, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to gsve (R)-(2,2-difluoro-l- ((methylamino)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (1.5 g) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C6H12F2NO [M+H]+: 152; found: 152.

[0254] Step B: Benzyl (R)-((2,2-difluoro-l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)carbamate (Int-A026)

[0255] To a stirred solution of (R)-(2,2-difluoro-l- ((methylamino)methyl)cyclopropy])methanol (1.8 g, 7.14 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0 °C was added NEts (2,99 ml, 21.4 mmol) and Cbz-Cl (1.53 mL, 10,7 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then quenched by addition of sat’d NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 23% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give benzyl (R)-((2,2-difluoro- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)cy clopropyl)methyl)(methy l)carbamate (Int- A026) (1.27 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C14H18F2NO3[M+H]+: 286; found: 286.1H NMR (500MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.39 - 7.31 (m, 5H), 5.14 (br s, 2H), 3.86 (dd, J= 2.7, 15.0 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (br d, J 12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54 - 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.42 - 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.02 - 2.88 (m, 3H), I.44 - 1.24 (m. 2H).

[0256] The compound in the table below was synthesized via a similar route as described in the above synthesis of Int-A026 by making the appropriate substitutions that are available commercially, synthesized as described m the literature, synthesized using methods available to those skilled in the art, or synthesized as described herein.

[0257] The NMR spectrum is provided below.

[0258] Int-A027

[0259] 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.03 - 6.87 (m, 5H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.83(br d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s, 1H). 0.08 0.02 (in. 4H).

[0260] Intermediate A029: Methyl 4.4-difluoro-7-(((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-A029)

[0261] Step A: Dimethyl 4.4-di fluoroheptanedioate

[0262] To a stirred solution of diethyl 4,4-difluoroheptanedioate (25 g, 99 mmol) in MeOH (200 niL) was added cone. H2SO4(1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 65 °C for 12 h, cooled to RT, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give dimethyl 4,4-difluoroheptanedioate (20 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0263] Step B: 4,4-difluoro-7-met.hoxy-7-oxoheptanoic acid

[0264] To a stirred solution of dimethyl 4,4-difluoroheptanedioate (20 g, 89 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL.) was added KOH (5.0 g, 89 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was washed with ether. To the aqueous layer was added IN HCl until acidic. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated tn vacuo to give 4,4-difluoro-7-methoxy-7- oxoheptanoic acid (10 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0265] Step C: Methyl 4.4-difluoro-7-hydroxyheptanoate

[0266] To a stirred solution of 4,4-difluoro-7-methoxy-7-oxoheptanoic acid (10 g, 48 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at 0 °C was added BH3· THF (1 M in THF 95 mL, 95 mmol). Tire resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h, quenched by addition of MeOH, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-70% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give methyl 4,4-difluoro-7- hydroxyheptanoate (6.1 g).

[0267] Step D: Methyl 4.4-difluoro-7-oxoheptanoate

[0268] To a stirred solution of methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-hydroxyheptanoate (6.0 g, 31 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) at 0 °C was added Dess-Martin periodinanc (19 g, 46 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-oxoheptanoate (4.1 g).

[0269] Step E: Methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-(((l-(hydroxymethyl )cy clopropy 1 )methyl)ammo lheptanoate

[0270] To a stirred solution of methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-oxoheptanoate (2.0 g, 10 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added (l-(aminomethyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (1.0 g, 10 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, and then NaBEbCN (1.94 g, 30.9 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-6% MeOH / DCM) to give methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-(((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)amino)heptanoate (1.2 g). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C13H24F2NO3[M+H]+: 280; found: 280.

[0271] Step F: Methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-(((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-A029)

[0272] To a stirred solution of methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-(((l- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)amino)heptanoate (2.3 g, 8.2 mmol) from multiple batches in MeOH (50 mL) was added formaldehyde (3.1 mL, 41 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h, and then NaBH3CN (2.6 g, 41 mmol) was added, lire resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were washed with sat’d NaHCO3and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-5% MeOH / DCM) to give methyl 4,4-difluoro-7-(((l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)inethyl)(methyl)amino)heptanoate (Int-A029) (780 mg). ESIMS m / z calc’d for C14H26F2NO3[M+H]+: 294; found: 2.94.

[0273] Intermediate A124: (R)-(2,2-difluoro-l-((4-(3-(triisopropylsiIyl)prop-2-yn-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Int-A124)

[0274] Step A: Tert-butyl 4-(3-(triisopropylsi]yl)prop-2-yn-l-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate

[0275] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate (892 mg, 3.99 mmol) in THF (13.3 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 2.40 mL, 5.99 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 mm, and then TIPS-C1 (1.69 mL, 7.99 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight and then quenched by addition of sat’d NH4CI and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x), The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0- 20% EtOAc / hexanes) to give tort-butyl 4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l-yI)piperidine-l-carboxylate.1HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.13 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (td, J= 13.1, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (d, J= 12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.72. - 1.58 (m. 21 1). 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.08 (d, J= 4.6 Hz, 37H).

[0276] Step B: 4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn -1-yl (piperidine

[0277] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l-yl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate (1.60 g, 4.21 mmol) in DCM (8.4 ml) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 7.4 mL, 30 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ether and then collected by vacuum filtration to give 4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l-yl)piperidine, which was used directly in the next step without further purification.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 3.43 (d, J= 12.7 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (td, J = 13.0, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (d, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (d, J= 14.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 (tit, J = 10.6, 7.1, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 1.57 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.14 - 1.00 (m, 21H).

[0278] Step C: (R)-l-((2,2-difluoro-l-((metlioxymetlioxy)metlrt l)cyclopropyl)methyl)-4- (3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-vn-l-yl)piperidine

[0279] To a stirred solution of (S)-(2,2-difluoro-l -( (methoxymethoxy )methyl)cyciopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (191 mg, 0.734 mmol) in MeCN (4.9 mL) were added 4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l-yl)piperidme (348 mg, 1.10 mmol) and then K2CO3(406 mg, 2.94 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C overnight, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc / hexanes) to give (R)-l-((2,2-difluoro-l- ((methoxymethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l - yl)piperidine (1 13 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C24H44F2NO2Si [M+H]+: 444; found: 444.

[0280] Step D: (R)-(2,2-difluoro- 1 -((4-(3-(triisopropylsilyi)prop-2-yn- 1 -yppiperidin- 1 - yl)methyl)cvclopropyl)methanol (hit-A124)

[0281] To a stirred solution of (R)-l-((2,2-difluoro-l-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)-4-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn-l- yl)piperidine (113 mg, 0.255 mmol) in i-PrOH (1.0 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1.0 ml.,, 4,0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2. h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in DCM, washed with sat’d NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give (R)-(2,2 -difluoro- 1-((4-(3- (triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-yn- 1 -yl)piperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Int-A124), which was used directly in subsequent step(s) without further purification. ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C22H40F2NOSi [M+H]+: 400; found: 400.

[0282] Intermediate A125: (R)-(2.2-difluoro-l-((methyl(8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l- yl)amino)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Int-A125)

[0283] Step A: 8-(triisopropylsiIyl)oct-7-yn-l-ol

[0284] To a stirred solution of oct-7-yn-l-ol (500 mg, 3.96 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 3.33 mL, 8.32 mmol). The resulting mixture was wanned to 0 °C and stirred at 0 °C for 20 min and then cooled to -78 °C and then TIPS-C1 (930 uL, 4.36 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed to RT for 1 h and then quenched by addition of NEkCl (1 M in water). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give 8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7- yn-1-ol (820 mg).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.65 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.28 - 2.25 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.63 - 1.53 (m, 4H), 1.52 - 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.40 - 1.36 (m, 2H), 1.13 - 1.03 (rn, 21H).

[0285] Step B: 8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l -yI methanesulfonate

[0286] To a stirred solution of 8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l-oI (820 mg, 2.90 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) at 0 °C were added DIPEA (1.01 mL, 5.80 mmol) and MsCl (0.42 mL, 5.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was warmed to RT, stirred at RT for 30 min, and then quenched by addition of water. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 10% EtOAc / pet. ether) to give 8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l-yl methane sulfonate (902 mg).1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.23 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.29 (t, ,7= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.80 - 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.41 (m, 6H), 1.17 - 1.01 (m, 21H).

[0287] Step C: (R)-(2.2-difluoro-l-((methyl(8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l- yl)amino)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Int-A125)

[0288] To a solution of (R)-(2,2 -difluoro- 1 -((methylamino)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Step A of Int-A026) (140 mg, 0.92.6 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) were added 8- (triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l-yl methanesulfonate (367 mg, 1.02 mmol) and K2CO3(768 mg, 5.56 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C for 12 h, cooled to RT, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel.100% EtOAc) to give (R)-(2,2-difluoro-l-((methy1(8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-7-yn-l- yl)amino)methyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (Int-A125) (101 mg). ESI-MS m / z calc’d for C23H44F2NOSi [M+H]+: 416; found: 416.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 3.81 - 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.71 - 3.63 (m, 1H), 2.96 - 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.51 - 2.43 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.31 -2.18 (m, 511), 1 .62 - 1.45 (m, 6H), 1 .43 - 1.26 (m, 4H), 1.20 -1.12 (m, 3H), 1.11 - 1.01 (m, 18H).Synthesis of Core Intermediates

[0289] Intermediate C01: Tert-butyl (LS;5R)-3-(6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-yl)-l-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3 ,2, 1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (Int-COl)

[0290] Step A: 4-( tert butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsily])ethyny])naphthalen-l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazo]ine (Int-C01A)

[0291] To a stirred solution of 4-( tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (6.26 g, 22.0 mmol) in THF (31 mL) was added TMP2Zn · MgCl2• LiCl (0.2 M in THF, 127 mL, 25.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. Then, to a stirred solution of 3- (methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l-yl trifluorom ethane sulfonate (13.64 g, 26.4 mmol) and XPhos Pd G3 (2.79 g, 3.30 mmol) in dioxane (56 mL) was added the above aged solution via cannula. The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C overnight, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenched by addition of water. The resulting mixture was stirred, and then filtered. Tire organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (silica gel, 0-100% DCM / hexanes) to give a first batch of racemic 4-(tert- butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-l- yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline (9.22 g), A second batch of the racemic compound (1 ,83 g) was combined with the first batch. Stereoisomers were separated by chiral SFC (IC: 21x250 mm / 5 um, 20% iPrOH in supercritical CO2(scCO2) with 0. 1% NH4OH modifier) to give 4- (tert-butoxy)-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)iiaphthalen- l-yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolme, peak 1 (Int-COIA) (5.1 1 g). ESI-MS m / z. calc ’d for C36H45F2N2O3SSi [ M+ H ]+: 651; found: 651.

[0292] Step B: 6,8-difluoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)etliynyi)naphthalen-l-yl)-2.-(methyltliio)quinazolin-4-ol (Int-COIB)

[0293] To a stirred solution of 4-(tort-butoxy)-6,8-difiuoro-7-(3-(methoxymethoxy)-8- ((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen- 1 -yl)-2-(methylthio)quinazoline, peak 1 (Int-C01A) (1.70 g, 2.61 mmol) in MeCN (20 ml) and water (5.22 mL) was added TFA (0.52 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, diluted with EtOAc, and then quenc...

Claims

We claim:

1. A compound of the Formula (I)wherein:ML isLeis selected from the group consisting of:R5is H or C1-C3alkyl;Xe, Xf, Xg, and Xhare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(RLe), N, S, and 0; wherein at least one of Xe, Xf, Xg, and Xhis C(H) or C(RLe); and each RLesubstituent is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1-C3alkoxy;W is -CH2- or -O-;Rb1is H, C1-C3alkyl, cyano, C1-C4alkylcyano, or fluoro;Rb2is fluoro;R1is C1-C6alkyl or-CH2-C1; wherein C1is a C3-C7cycloalkyl ring;R2is H, C1-C6alkyl, or-CH2OH;Xa, Xb, Xcand Xdare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(R4), N, N(R4), S and 0; wherein at least one of Xa, xb, Xc, and Xdis C(H) or C(R4); R4is halo, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;X1is N or C(H);Rxis halo, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;Ring Y is(i) phenyl or naphthyl; or(ii) a 5- to 6-membered mono- or a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S; wherein Ring Y is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 4 RYsubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C1-C3alkyl, C2-C3alkynyl, C1- C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3fluoroalkylthio, amino, C1-C3alkylamino, C1-C3dialkylamino, and cyano; each R3is independently H, fluoro, C1-C3alkyl, orC1-C3fluoroalkyl;A is selected from the group consisting of :Ring A is a saturated 8- to 10-membered N-containing bridged bicyclic ring which contains at least one further N atom in addition to the illustrated N atom;RAis selected from the group consisting of C1-C3alkyl, C2-C4alkenyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, halo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, CF3-C(H)(0H)-, C(H)(F2)-C(H)(OH)-, cyano, and C1-C3cyanoalkyl; each Ra* is independently C1-C3alkyl;subscript i is 0, 1, or 2; subscript j is 1, 2, or 3; subscript k is 0, 1, or 2; subscript m is 0, 1 , 2, or 3 ; subscript ris 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript t is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript u is 0 or 1; and subscript v is 0, 1, 2, or 3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W is -CH2-.

3. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W is -O-.

4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein sub script r is 2 or 3.

5. The compound of claim 4 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript r is 3.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis7. The compound of claim 6 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5isH.

8. The compound of any one of claims 1 -5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis9. The compound of claim 8 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis selected from the group consisting of:

10. The compound of claim 9 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript u is 0.

11. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of :

12. The compound of claim 11 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of :

13. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of :

14. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RingY is selected from the group consisting of :wherein sub script y is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

15. The compound of claim 14 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RingY is selected from the group consisting of :

16. The compound of claim 14 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RingY is selected from the group consisting of :

17. The compound of claim 16 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RingY is selected from the group consisting of :

18. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A iswherein sub scriptv is 0, 1, or 2.

19. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1is t-butyl.

20. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is H.

21. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript j is 1 and each R3isH.

22. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein23. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Example Nos. 1-27.

24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 -23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an additional anti-cancer agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

26. A method of degrading KRAS G12D protein in a cell, comprising administering the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, resulting in degradation of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

27. A method of treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in need of such treatment.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising administering an additional active agent to the subject.

29. The compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, foruse in therapy, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-23 orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy.

30. The compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, foruse in treating cancer, or use of a compound of any one of claims 1-23 orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer.

31. The compound of any one of claims 1 -23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-23 orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.

32. The compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent for treating cancer.

33. The compound of any one of claims 1 -23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1 -23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.

34. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer.

35. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 -23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for treating cancer.We claim:

1. A compound of the Formula (I)wherein:MLis selected from the group consisting of:Ring CLis selected from:(i) a 7- to 14-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl containing 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S in addition to the illustrated N atom; and(ii) a 4- to 6-membered saturated monocyclic heterocycloalkyl containing 0 to 1 additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S in addition to the illustrated N atom; wherein Ring CL is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 RCLsubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1- C3alkoxy;Lbis -CH2-, -O-, or absent;Lcis C1-C3alkyl;Ldis selected from the group consisting of:(i) -CH2-;(ii) -CF2-;(iii) -O-;(iv) -phenylene-; and(v) -O-phenylene-;IX is selected from the group consisting of:R5is H or C1-C3alkyl;Xe, XfXg, and Xhare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(RLe),N, S, and O; wherein at least one of Xe, Xf, Xg, and Xhis C(H) or C(RLe); and each RLesubstituent is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, and C1-C3alkoxy; R1is C1-C6alkyl, -CH2-C1, C3-C7cycloalkyl, or C3-C7heterocycloalkyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; wherein C1is C3-C7cycloalkyi;Rzis H, C1-C6alkyl, or -CH2OH; each R3is independently H, fluoro, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3fluoroalkyl; each Rcis independently fluoro or C1-C3alkyl;Xa, Xb, Xcand Xdare independently selected from the group consisting of C(H), C(R4), N, N(R4), S and O; wherein at least one of Xa, xb, Xcand Xdis C(H) or C(R4); R4is halo, C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;X1is N or C(H);Rxis halo, C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3fluoroalky] ;Ring Y is(i) phenyl or naphthyl ; or(ii) a 5- to 6-membered mono- or a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroary 1 containing 1 to3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, (), and S;wherein Ring Y is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 4 RYsubstituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C1-C3alkyl, C2-C3alkynyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3fluoroalkylthio, amino, C1-C3alkylamino, C1-C3dialkylamino and cyano;A is selected from the group consisting of:Ring A is a saturated 8- to 10-membered N-containing bridged bicyclic ring which contains at least one further N atom in addition to the illustrated N atom;RAis selected from the group consisting of C1-C3alkyl, C2-C4alkenyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1- C3alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, halo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, CF3- C(H)(OH)-, C(H)(F2)-C(H)(OH)-, cyano, and C1-C3cyanoalkyl; each Ra* is independently C1-C3alkyl; subscript i is 0, 1 , or 2; subscript j is 1, 2, or 3; subscript k is 0, 1, or 2; subscript m is 0, 1, or 2; subscript o is 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; subscript s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; subscript t is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; subscript u is 0 or 1 ; and subscript v is 0, 1, 2, or 3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis3. The compound of claim 2 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLiswherein: subscripts p and q are independently 1 , 2, or 3; and ring CL2is a 4- to 6-membered saturated ring containing 0 to 1 heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, and O.

4. The compound of claim 2 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis wherein subscript n is 1, 2, or 3.

5. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein MLis6. The compound of claim 5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Lcis methyl.

7. The compound of claim 5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ldis-CH2-8. The compound of any one of claims 2-7 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis9. The compound of claim 8 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein is H.

10. The compound of any one of claims 2-7 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis11. The compound of claim 10 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Leis selected from the group consisting of:

12. The compound of claim 11 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript u is 0.

13. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety14. The compound of claim 13 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

15. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety16. The compound of claim 15 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

17. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moietyis selected from the group consisting of:

18. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the group consisting of:wherein subscript y is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

19. The compound of claim 18 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinRing Y is selected from the group consisting of:

20. The compound of claim 18 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the group consisting of:

21. The compound of claim 20 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring Y is selected from the group consisting of:

22. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A iswherein subscript v is 0, 1, or 2.

23. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1is t-butyl.

24. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is H.

25. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein subscript j is 1 and each R3is H.

26. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety27. The compound of claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Example Nos. 1-71.

28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an additional anti-cancer agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

30. A method of degrading KRAS G12D protein in a cell, comprising administering the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, resulting in degradation of the KRAS G12D protein in the cell.

31. A method of treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in need of such treatment.

32. The method of claim 31 , further comprising administering an additional active agent to the subject.

33. The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy.

34. The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating cancer, or use of a compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer.

35. The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.

36. The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent for treating cancer.

37. The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, or use of the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.

38. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating cancer.

39. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional anti-cancer agent, for use in the treatment of cancer, or use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-27, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-cancer agent, for treating cancer.

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