Geographic redundancy for type b network protection
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CALIX INC
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-27
AI Technical Summary
Conventional Type B protection in passive optical networks experiences delays in failover due to the need for re-ranging operations after a failure, which can lead to service disruptions and increased recovery times.
The implementation of geographic redundancy with pre-determined ranging data allows for nearly instantaneous failover to a standby connection by eliminating the need for re-ranging operations, utilizing a cloud-based controller, synchronized multi-node management servers, or remote system controllers to manage the switchover.
This approach significantly reduces the re-range time and minimizes service delays, ensuring continuous service availability by enabling rapid and seamless transitions to standby connections in the event of active link failures.
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Figure CN2023108643_30012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Geographic Redundancy for Type B Network ProtectionTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments described herein generally relate to optical network redundancy and, in some embodiments, more specifically to reducing re-ranging time in failover of geographically redundant optical networks.BACKGROUND
[0002] Broadband customers want the ability to maintain service in the case of equipment failure, disaster, or disruption to the fiber connectivity in the outside plant. The generally accepted technology to accommodate for these challenges is defined as Type B Passive Optical Network (PON) protection. Type B PON protection provides service protection from one location with cross card or same card protection schemes. This method allows for equipment protection (e.g., a card failure, an optic failure, etc. ) as well as fiber protection to a subscriber location (e.g., F1 protection) . A fiber route to an end user subscriber is made up of two segments defined as F1, which connects Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) to a splitter location, and F2, a fiber connection from the splitter location to the subscriber. The subscriber location includes an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) where the fiber is terminated. Type B PON protection works in an Active and Standby mode where an OLT detects a failure of an active segment and fails over to a standby segment automatically. When the active components return to service, Type B protection allows for the resumption of services on the primary card. Type B protection allows for service continuance as services transition from the Active to the Standby OLT within 100ms as defined by the industry standard.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document.
[0004] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a Type B protection architecture for a passive optical network.
[0005] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of modular chassis-based geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0006] FIG. 3 illustrates an example architecture of modular chassis-based geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0007] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example of a synchronized multi-node management server control plane architecture for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0008] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example of a cloud service control plane architecture for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0009] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an example of a centralized controller control plane architecture for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of optical network terminal-based range tracking for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of optical line terminal-based range tracking for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of rapid equalization delay update for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of rapid recovery during a power loss for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example optical line terminal and system for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example optical network terminal and system for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a method for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a machine upon which one or more embodiments may be implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In passive optical networks (PONs) , Type B protection enables failover to a standby network path in the event of a failure of a component on an active network path. Type B protection provide redundancy to the PON.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a Type B protection architecture 100 for a passive optical network. The example Type B protection architecture 100 includes a remote terminal 105 that may include optical line terminal (OLT) 110. The remote terminal 105 may be located in a central office (e.g., a central termination location, telecommunications facility, etc. ) The OLT 110 may include active and standby connections that may be implemented across multiple interface cards 120 or within a single interface card 125. The OLT 110 is connected via active and standby interfaces to a fiber splitter 130 in a fiber distribution cabinet 130 to establish an F1 interface connection. A subscriber 140 uses a network interface in an optical line terminal (ONT) 145 to connect to the fiber splitter 130 in the fiber distribution cabinet 135 to establish an F2 interface connection to the optical network. In the event of a failure of the active F1 interface connection, traffic may be routed to the standby F1 interface connection to preserve network connectivity between the central office 115 and the subscriber 145.
[0020] Successful transmission of optical signals relies on range information based on the length of fiber optic media that the signal will traverse between the sender and the receiver. The ONT 145 and OLT 110 may alter transmission attributes (e.g., laser power, etc. ) . Conventional Type B protection suffers from a delay between failure of the active connection and the resumption of traffic on the standby link due to the time required for the ONT 145 and / or the OLT 110 to recalculate range information for the standby connection. The systems and techniques discussed herein address the delay between active connection failure and resumption of traffic on the standby link by predetermining ranging data and storing the ranging data enabling the ONT 145 and / or OLT 110 to switch from a failed active connection to a standby connection without performing re-ranging operations. The active interconnection is monitored and transition to the standby interconnection may be automatically initiated using the pre-determined range data to enable nearly instantaneous failover to the standby interconnection.
[0021] For example, a cloud-based controller may determine that there is a communication failure between the OLT 110 and the ONT 145. Upon determination that the active interconnection has failed, the cloud-based controller notifies a standby OLT 110 to communicate with the ONT 145. After the standby OLT 110 has been notified, the ONT 145 and the standby OLT 110 connect and resume service delivery.
[0022] For example, a redundant synchronized geographically diverse management server may determine that there is a communication failure between the OLT 110 and the ONT 145. Upon determination that the active interconnection has failed, the management server notifies the standby OLT 110 to communicate with the ONT 145. After the standby OLT 110 has been notified, the ONT 145 and the standby OLT 110 connect and resume service delivery.
[0023] For example, a remote system controller may determine that there is a communication failure between the OLT 110 and the ONT 145. Upon determination that the active interconnection has failed, the remote system controller notifies the standby OLT 110 to communicate with the ONT 145. After the Standby OLT 110 has been notified, the ONT 145 and the standby OLT 110 connect and resume service delivery.
[0024] To minimize the re-range time and minimize any service delay, the ONT 145 and / or the OLT 110 maintains a database of the equalization delay (EQD) . Rapid ONT 145 failover is achieved by deriving the EQD length via calculation. An improved detection mechanism is enabled in the standby OLT to determine if the primary OLT has failed. An improved switchover mechanism is used to select if an individual PON or a group of PONs should switch over to the standby OLT.
[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of modular chassis-based geographic redundancy for type b network protection, according to an embodiment. Type B protection may be delivered with geographic redundancy using a single system utilizing a modular chassis 205 that is bifurcated into between two different locations. The system has an active controller and standby controller with sub-tended OLT line cards. In a geographically redundant configuration, selected controllers and line cards are segmented into a primary (Location A) 210 and secondary location (Location B) 215. Control plane logic flows between the controllers and line cards to provide connectivity with an ONT 220 whether using an active interconnection or a standby interconnection.
[0026] FIG. 3 illustrates an example architecture 300 of modular chassis-based geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The architecture 300 illustrates locations of a primary chassis 305 and a secondary chassis 310 with the control planes and data planes. While the chassis is separated, it is logically one internet protocol (IP) entity that has been segmented. In the case of an equipment failure in the primary location (Location A) or a fiber cut on the Active F1 fiber route, the secondary location (Location B) and the standby F1 fiber route is unblocked to continue services. In this example, services are available continuously to the subscriber ONT 320 connected to the fiber splitter 315.
[0027] Control Plane Logic
[0028] The systems and techniques discussed herein provide Type B+protection that includes three types of control plane logic managed respectively by: localized multi-node redundant servers, a cloud-based server, and a remote system controller in a different location.
[0029] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example of a synchronized multi-node management server control plane architecture 400 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The synchronized multi-node management server control plane architecture 400 includes a first management server node 405 located in a first location with a first OLT 415 and a second management server node 410 located in a second location with a second OLT 420. The first OLT 415 maintains an active F1 interconnection 440 to a fiber splitter 425 and the second OLT 420 maintains a standby F1 interconnection 445 to the fiber splitter 425. An ONT 430 maintains an F2 interconnection to the fiber splitter 425 to provide connectivity to a subscriber 435. The first OLT 415 forwards messages to the management server (e.g., via the first management server node 405) which provides the control logic between the first OLT 415 and the second OLT 420.
[0030] FIG. 4A shows a normal state where the first OLT 415 is providing services to the connected ONT 430. FIG. 4B shows that the management server has detected a failure in the first location and the standby location unblocking the second OLT 420 port and resuming connectivity to the ONT 430.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 4B, the management server detects the active F1 interconnection 440 has failed (e.g., via non-receipt of a keep-alive message 450, etc. ) and unblocks the standby F1 interconnection 445 between the second OLT 420 and the fiber splitter 425. Upon detecting that the active F1 interconnection 440 to the fiber splitter 425 and the ONT 430 has failed, the first management server node 405 contacts the second management server node 410 to notify the second OLT 420 to unblock its port allowing the ONT 430 to resynchronize with the second OLT 420.
[0032] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example of a cloud service control plane architecture 500 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The cloud service control plane architecture 500 includes a cloud service 505 connected to a first OLT 510 in a first location and a second OLT 515 in a second location. The first OLT 510 maintains an active F1 interconnection 535 to a fiber splitter 520 and the second OLT 515 maintains a standby F1 interconnection 540 to the fiber splitter 520. An ONT 525 maintains an F2 interconnection to the fiber splitter 520 to provide connectivity to a subscriber 530.
[0033] FIG. 5A shows a normal state where the first OLT 510 is providing services to the connected ONT 525. FIG. 5B shows that the management server has detected a failure in the first location and the standby location unblocking the second OLT 515 port and resuming connectivity to the ONT 525.
[0034] As shown in FIG. 5B, the cloud service 505 detects the active F1 interconnection 535 has failed (e.g., via non-receipt of a keep-alive message 545, etc. ) and unblocks the standby F1 interconnection 540 between the second OLT 515 and the fiber splitter 520. Upon detecting that the active F1 interconnection 535 to the fiber splitter 520 and the ONT 525 has failed, the cloud service 505 notifies the second OLT 515 to unblock its port allowing the ONT 525 to resynchronize with the second OLT 515.
[0035] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an example of a centralized controller control plane architecture 600 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The centralized controller control plane architecture 600 includes a centralized controller 605 connected to a first OLT 610 in a first location and a second OLT 615 in a second location. The centralized controller 605 is located in a third location separate from the first OLT 610 and the second OLT 615. The first OLT 610 maintains an active F1 interconnection 635 to a fiber splitter 620 and the second OLT 615 maintains a standby F1 interconnection 640 to the fiber splitter 620. An ONT 625 maintains an F2 interconnection to the fiber splitter 620 to provide connectivity to a subscriber 630.
[0036] FIG. 6A shows a normal state where the first OLT 610 is providing services to the connected ONT 625. FIG. 6B shows that the management server has detected a failure in the first location and the standby location unblocking the second OLT 615 port and resuming connectivity to the ONT 625.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 6B, the management server detects the active F1 interconnection 635 has failed (e.g., via non-receipt of a keep-alive message 645, etc. ) and unblocks the standby F1 interconnection 640 between the second OLT 615 and the fiber splitter 620. The controller 605 manages the OLTs in different locations and maintains the detection logic to identify a failover event between the OLT elements and handles the switchover from the active to the standby OLT. Upon detecting that the active F1 interconnection 635 to the fiber splitter 620 and the ONT 625 has failed, the centralized controller 605 notifies the second OLT 615 to unblock its port allowing the ONT 625 to resynchronize with the second OLT 615.
[0038] Reducing ONT Re-range Times
[0039] Abstracted control mechanisms located in the cloud, synchronized multi-node management servers, or through a remote system controller may not unblock a standby OLT port in time to prevent the ONT from performing re-ranging operations. The ONTs will re-range if they lose connection to the OLT for >100ms. If the remote control logic does not respond within that time then the ONT will re-range which affects the services provided to the subscriber. The service affecting outage would be multiplied by the number of ONTs connected to the OLT. In the case of larger split rations of 64 or 128 ONTs per PON, this outage time could take minutes to recover the services. The systems and techniques discussed herein provide three approaches that address the cause of ONT re-ranging. The first approach enables the ONT to maintain a database of the fiber range length to the active and standby OLTs, the second approach is where the OLTs maintain a database of the range lengths of the active and standby fiber lengths, and the third approach is Derived Equalization delay through calculation. This is defined in the following section.
[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of optical network terminal-based range tracking 700 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0041] The ONT 725 maintains a database 730 of an active OLT 705 range length 715 and a standby OLT 710 range length 720. Upon a failover event the ONT 730 can select the standby OLT 710 range length avoiding the need to re-range and minimizes the service impact. For example, upon loss of fiber signal from the active OLT 705, the ONT 725 may select the secondary (e.g., standby OLT 710) equalization delay (e.g., range length) , and at the same time the standby OLT 710 takes the control of the ONT 725. This prevents ONT 725 from performing re-ranging operations minimizing service interruption time.
[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of optical line terminal-based range tracking 800 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0043] The active OLT 805 and the standby OLT 810 maintain a database of the range lengths, active range length of the active fiber 815 and standby range length of the standby fiber 820, to an ONT 825. When the control plane detects a connection failure of the active OLT 805, the standby OLT 810 is notified to unblock its port and resume traffic.
[0044] To Facilitate fast failover without re-ranging, both the active OLT 805 and the standby OLT 810 maintain a database, 830A and 830B, of the equalization delay (e.g., range lengths) of the active fiber 815 and the standby fiber 820. Once the control plane detects the fiber loss, the standby OLT 810 quickly ranges the ONT 825 using the already known equalization delay. This saves the ONT 825 re-measure time and reduces the service interruption time.
[0045] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of rapid equalization delay update 900 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment.
[0046] In 10 gigabit synchronous passive optical networks (XGS-PON) implementations, the active OLT 905 and the standby OLT 910 calculate the length of the standby link through the available information in the system. Deriving the fiber length through calculation prevents an ONT 930 from performing re-ranging operations reducing transition time after a failure.
[0047] After a switch over to the standby OLT 910:
[0048] 1. Select one XGS ONT 930 and set equalization delay (EQD) to 0
[0049] 2. Open range window for the selected XGS ONT 930, which may trigger the EQD measurement for this ONT 930.
[0050] 3. Update the EQD of each ONT 930 based on the selected ONT’s EQD delta.
[0051] This eliminates the need to pre-measure the EQD between the standby OLT 910 and the ONT 930 and the need to re-range the ONTs 930 to the standby OLT 910 to reduce the transition time for reestablishing service on the ONT 930. This addresses standby OLT 910 fiber / optics deployment changes.
[0052] The EQD delta is calculated using the equation: EQD delta = (x +z) – (y + z) = x –y. Where fiber-length x 915 = from active OLT 905 to a fiber splitter 925, fiber-length y 920 = from standby OLT 910 to the fiber splitter 925, and fiber-length z 935 = from the fiber splitter 925 to the ONT 930.
[0053] Additional Improvements to Type B Protection
[0054] The systems and techniques discussed herein allow ONTs to stop broadcasting traffic to the failed node upon detection of an OLT failure and for the standby OLT to detect the failure event. In this example, the OLTs are connected to one another using a fast failover protection protocol that leverages continuity check messages. When the Standby OLT stops receiving connectivity check protocols (e.g., CCMs, etc. ) , the Standby OLT makes the switchover by itself and unblocks the standby port. This does not rely on external controllers and seeks to minimize the service outage by minimizing the failure time. When the standby port is unblocked the services resume without the ONT losing connectivity which eliminates this as a service impacting event.
[0055] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of rapid recovery during a power loss 1000 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. When an active shelf including an active OLT loses power, an ONT 1025 detects downstream frame loss and then stops upstream burst. A standby OLT 1010 detects heartbeat loss from the active OLT via connectivity check protocols (e.g., CCMs, etc. ) and the signal loss from the ONT 1025. The standby OLT 1010 makes a Type-B switch decision by itself. This allows rapid recovery of the ONT 1025 to the standby OLT 1010 using the standby connection 1020 after the active OLT loses power.
[0056] When an entire active shelf in a first location loses power, ONTs (e.g., the ONT 1025) detect downstream frame loss and then stop upstream burst. The standby OLT 1010 may detect connection loss from the active OLT via network protocols (e.g., 802.1ag, y. 1713, 802.3ah, BFD, etc. ) and signal loss from the ONT 1025. The standby OLT 1010 determines whether to initiate a type-B switch decision by itself allowing rapid recovery of the ONT 1025 to the standby OLT 1010 after the active OLT loss power.
[0057] Fibers connecting to different PON ports may be bundled together and may be broken at the same time. To address multiple port outages for the same failure event, a transition of one port may trigger transition of other ports. For example, upon receiving the first PON signal loss, the signal state of other PON ports may be proactively checked. Proactively checking other PON ports reduces the detection time for a Type B switchover compared to detecting additional PON failures serially and all the PON signal loss ports may be switched over together to the standby OLT 1010 reducing individual switchover operations. Switching over all the PON signal loss ports together in a parallel fashion rather than in a serial fashion reduces the amount of time required to successfully recover the network.
[0058] Anti-Flapping with Multi-Factor Authentication Between Active and Standby Devices
[0059] Flapping can occur when there are frequent changes in the active and standby status of the OLTs. Adjustable failover timers enable setting a suitable delay before switching from the active OLT to the standby OLT 1010. This delay allows for stability and prevents unnecessary flapping during transient network issues. After a failover occurs and the standby OLT 1010 becomes active, a hold-off period is introduced during which the system prevents any immediate switches back to the original OLT. The anti-flapping mechanisms are enhanced with multi-factor authentication to improve the detection mechanisms to accurately identify an actual state of the active OLT. Besides the PON signal loss between the active OLT and the ONT 1025, multiple factors are monitored including, by way of example and not limitation, power status, OLT dying gasp notification, network connectivity, and other relevant parameters.
[0060] A multi-factor authentication switching algorithm is used to prevent switchovers (flapping) from the active to standby OLT 1010 when using Type B protection with geographic redundancy rather than relying on timer-based switchovers. The systems and techniques discussed herein leverages multi-factor authentication to switch from active OLT to the standby OLT 1010 and, at the option of service providers, may return from the standby OLT 1010 to the active OLT.
[0061] Reduced Switchover timing –Configurable Parallel Switchover
[0062] The parallel switchover capability for Type B protection includes the ability to switch over a failed port serially. This is helpful in the case of an optic failure associated with one PON port. In this example, the control plane detects a connection failure and switches from the active OLT to the standby OLT 1010. However, in the case of a fiber cut, all PONs on the line card would be affected. Parallel switchover enables selective choice of a failure domain from one PON port up to all PON ports on a line card. In the case of a high-density line card, parallel switchover dramatically reduces the amount of time required to recover from a failure.
[0063] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example optical line terminal 1105 and system 1110 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The optical line terminal (OLT) 1105 provides network connectivity to subscribers via a connected optical network terminal. The OLT 1105 may be an integrated line terminal or may be a line card of a modular OLT system. The system 1110 may be included with the OLT 1105. In an example, the system 1110 may be a geographic redundancy engine. The system may include a variety of components including a range calculator 1110, an instance of a range data database 1115, a control plane interface 1120, a failure detector 1125, an ONT manager 1130, and a port manager 1135.
[0064] The range calculator 1110 calculates ranging data of active and standby connections to ONTs and maintains ranging data in the database 1115. In an example, the ranging database is a standalone database. In an example, the database 1115 is a replica of a master ranging database or is synchronized with the master ranging database. The range calculator 1110 may calculate range data for its own interconnections and may calculate or receive ranging data for other OLTs that maintain active or standby interconnections to an ONT serviceable by the OLT 1105. In an example, the range calculator 1110 calculates the range as an equalization delay (EQD) of an interconnection. In an example, the EQD calculated for a particular port (e.g., fiber path, etc. ) may be stored in the database 1115 along with an identifier of an OLT providing the link, whether the link is active or standby, and ONTs serviceable via the link. This allows the OLT 1105 to retrieve range data for a standby link if the active link becomes unavailable.
[0065] The control plane interface 1120 provides a connection between the OLT 1105 and a controller (e.g., distributed controller, cloud controller, centralized controller, etc. ) . The OLT 1105 and the controller exchange keep alive messages that the controller uses to determine if a link has become unavailable. The failure detector 1125 works in conjunction with the control plane interface 1120 to receive messages from the controller that notify the OLT 1105 that a peer active OLT has failed and that the standby port should be opened by the port manager 1130. In an example, the OLT 1105 may independently detect that the active OLT has failed and the port manager 1130 may open the port automatically.
[0066] Upon failure, the port manager 1130 opens the port with the standby interconnection and the ONT manager 1130 takes control of connected ONTs. The ONT manager may provide the ONTs with the ranging data for the standby interconnection provided by the OLT 1105 that is stored in the database 1115.
[0067] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example optical network terminal 1205 and system 1210 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The optical network terminal (ONT) 1205 provides network connectivity to subscribers via a connected optical line terminal (OLT) . The system 1210 may be included with the ONT 1205. In an example, the system 1210 may be a geographic redundancy engine. The system may include a variety of components including a range calculator 1210, an instance of a range data database 1215, a failure detector 1220, and an OLT manager 1225.
[0068] The range calculator 1210 calculates ranging data of active and standby connections to the ONT 1205 and maintains ranging data in the database 1215. In an example, the ranging database is a standalone database. In an example, the database 1215 is a replica of a master ranging database or is synchronized with the master ranging database. The range calculator 1210 may calculate range data for its available interconnections. In an example, the range calculator 1210 calculates the range as an equalization delay (EQD) of an interconnection. In an example, the EQD calculated for a particular OLT may be stored in the database 1215 along with an identifier of an OLT providing the link, and whether the link is active or standby. This allows the ONT 1205 to retrieve range data for a standby link if the active link becomes unavailable without having to perform ranging operations at the time of the failure.
[0069] The failure detector 1225 receives messages from the controller that notify the ONT 1205 that the active OLT has failed and that the standby OLT should be used to connect to the network. In an example, the ONT 1205 may independently detect that the active OLT has failed and the OLT manager 1225 may automatically retrieve the range data and establish a connection to the standby OLT.
[0070] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a method 1300 for geographic redundancy for Type B network protection, according to an embodiment. The method 1300 may provide features as described in FIGS. 1 to 3, 4A and 4B, 5A and 5B, 6A and 6B, and 7 to 12.
[0071] At operation 1305, a first equalization delay is calculated for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal. The active optical line terminal is operating in a first location. At operation 1310, the first equalization delay is transmitted to the optical network terminal.
[0072] At operation 1315, a second equalization delay is calculated for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal. The standby optical line terminal is operating in a second location.
[0073] At operation 1320, it is determined that the active optical line terminal is unavailable. In an example, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location. In an example, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal. In an example, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal. In an example, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises identifying, by the standby optical line terminal, that the optical network terminal has ceased upstream burst and that a heartbeat to the active optical line terminal has been lost.
[0074] At operation 1325, the second equalization delay is transmitted to the optical network terminal. In an example, the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database and the second equalization delay may be transmitted from the local database. In an example, the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database and the second equalization delay may be transmitted from the local database.
[0075] At operation 1330, the second passive optical network path is unblocked between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.
[0076] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 1400 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform. In alternative embodiments, the machine 1400 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1400 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 1400 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 1400 may be a personal computer (PC) , a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a mobile telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS) , other computer cluster configurations.
[0077] Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate by, logic or a number of components, or mechanisms. Circuit sets are a collection of circuits implemented in tangible entities that include hardware (e.g., simple circuits, gates, logic, etc. ) . Circuit set membership may be flexible over time and underlying hardware variability. Circuit sets include members that may, alone or in combination, perform specified operations when operating. In an example, hardware of the circuit set may be immutably designed to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired) . In an example, the hardware of the circuit set may include variably connected physical components (e.g., execution units, transistors, simple circuits, etc. ) including a computer readable medium physically modified (e.g., magnetically, electrically, moveable placement of invariant massed particles, etc. ) to encode instructions of the specific operation. In connecting the physical components, the underlying electrical properties of a hardware constituent are changed, for example, from an insulator to a conductor or vice versa. The instructions enable embedded hardware (e.g., the execution units or a loading mechanism) to create members of the circuit set in hardware via the variable connections to carry out portions of the specific operation when in operation. Accordingly, the computer readable medium is communicatively coupled to the other components of the circuit set member when the device is operating. In an example, any of the physical components may be used in more than one member of more than one circuit set. For example, under operation, execution units may be used in a first circuit of a first circuit set at one point in time and reused by a second circuit in the first circuit set, or by a third circuit in a second circuit set at a different time.
[0078] Machine (e.g., computer system) 1400 may include a hardware processor 1402 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof) , a main memory 1404 and a static memory 1406, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 1408. The machine 1400 may further include a display unit 1410, an alphanumeric input device 1412 (e.g., a keyboard) , and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1414 (e.g., a mouse) . In an example, the display unit 1410, input device 1412 and UI navigation device 1414 may be a touch screen display. The machine 1400 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 1416, a signal generation device 1418 (e.g., a speaker) , a network interface device 1420, and one or more sensors 1421, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensors. The machine 1400 may include an output controller 1428, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB) , parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR) , near field communication (NFC) , etc. ) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc. ) .
[0079] The storage device 1416 may include a machine readable medium 1422 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1424 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 1424 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1404, within static memory 1406, or within the hardware processor 1402 during execution thereof by the machine 1400. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 1402, the main memory 1404, the static memory 1406, or the storage device 1416 may constitute machine readable media.
[0080] While the machine readable medium 1422 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and / or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1424.
[0081] The term “machine readable medium” may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1400 and that cause the machine 1400 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. In an example, machine readable media may exclude transitory propagating signals (e.g., non-transitory machine-readable storage media) . Specific examples of non-transitory machine-readable storage media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) ) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
[0082] The instructions 1424 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1426 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 1420 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) , hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) , etc. ) . Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a packet data network (e.g., the Internet) , mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks) , Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as LPWAN standards, etc. ) , IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for 4G and 5G wireless communication including: 3GPP Long-Term evolution (LTE) family of standards, 3GPP LTE Advanced family of standards, 3GPP LTE Advanced Pro family of standards, 3GPP New Radio (NR) family of standards, among others. In an example, the network interface device 1420 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 1426. In an example, the network interface device 1420 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) , multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1400, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
[0083] Additional Notes &Examples
[0084] Example 1 is a system for optical network geographic redundancy comprising: at least one processor; and memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to: calculate a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location; transmit the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal; calculate a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location; determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable; transmit the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; and unblock the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.
[0085] In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 includes, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.
[0086] In Example 3, the subject matter of Examples 1–2 includes, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0087] In Example 4, the subject matter of Examples 1–3 includes, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0088] In Example 5, the subject matter of Examples 1–4 includes, wherein the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0089] In Example 6, the subject matter of Examples 1–5 includes, wherein the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0090] In Example 7, the subject matter of Examples 1–6 includes, wherein the second equalization delay has a value of 0.
[0091] In Example 8, the subject matter of Examples 1–7 wherein, the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to identify, by the standby optical line terminal, that the optical network terminal has ceased upstream burst and that a heartbeat to the active optical line terminal has been lost.
[0092] In Example 9, the subject matter of Examples 1–8 includes, the memory further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to: identify a set of passive optical networks that share a fiber link with the first passive optical network path; determine a set of standby optical line terminals for the set of passive optical networks; and transmit a failure notification to the set of standby optical line terminals.
[0093] Example 10 is at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions for optical network geographic redundancy that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to: calculate a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location; transmit the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal; calculate a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location; determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable; transmit the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; and unblock the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.
[0094] In Example 11, the subject matter of Example 10 wherein, the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.
[0095] In Example 12, the subject matter of Examples 10–11 wherein, the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0096] In Example 13, the subject matter of Examples 10–12 wherein, the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0097] In Example 14, the subject matter of Examples 10–13 wherein, the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0098] In Example 15, the subject matter of Examples 10–14 wherein, the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0099] In Example 16, the subject matter of Examples 10–15 wherein, the second equalization delay has a value of 0.
[0100] In Example 17, the subject matter of Examples 10–16 wherein, the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to identify, by the standby optical line terminal, that the optical network terminal has ceased upstream burst and that a heartbeat to the active optical line terminal has been lost.
[0101] In Example 18, the subject matter of Examples 10–17 includes, instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to: identify a set of passive optical networks that share a fiber link with the first passive optical network path; determine a set of standby optical line terminals for the set of passive optical networks; and transmit a failure notification to the set of standby optical line terminals.
[0102] Example 19 is a method for optical network geographic redundancy comprising: calculating a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location; transmitting the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal; calculating a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location; determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable; transmitting the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; and unblocking the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.
[0103] In Example 20, the subject matter of Example 19 wherein, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.
[0104] In Example 21, the subject matter of Examples 19–20 wherein, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0105] In Example 22, the subject matter of Examples 19–21 wherein, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.
[0106] In Example 23, the subject matter of Examples 19–22 wherein, the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0107] In Example 24, the subject matter of Examples 19–23 wherein, the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.
[0108] In Example 25, the subject matter of Examples 19–24 wherein, the second equalization delay has a value of 0.
[0109] In Example 26, the subject matter of Examples 19–25 wherein, determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises identifying, by the standby optical line terminal, that the optical network terminal has ceased upstream burst and that a heartbeat to the active optical line terminal has been lost.
[0110] In Example 27, the subject matter of Examples 19–26 includes, identifying a set of passive optical networks that share a fiber link with the first passive optical network path; determining a set of standby optical line terminals for the set of passive optical networks; and transmitting a failure notification to the set of standby optical line terminals.
[0111] Example 28 is at least one machine-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations to implement of any of Examples 1–27.
[0112] Example 29 is an apparatus comprising means to implement of any of Examples 1–27.
[0113] Example 30 is a system to implement of any of Examples 1–27.
[0114] Example 31 is a method to implement of any of Examples 1–27.
[0115] The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments that may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples. ” Such examples may include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the present inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof) , either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof) , or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.
[0116] In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more. ” In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “Abut not B, ” “B but not A, ” and “A and B, ” unless otherwise indicated. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein. ” Also, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device, article, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first, ” “second, ” and “third, ” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.
[0117] The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure and is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. The scope of the embodiments should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
Claims
1.A system for optical network geographic redundancy comprising:at least one processor; andmemory comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to:calculate a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location;transmit the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal;calculate a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location;determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable;transmit the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; andunblock the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.2.The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.3.The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.4.The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.5.The system of claim 1, wherein the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.6.The system of claim 1, wherein the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.7.The system of claim 1, wherein the second equalization delay has a value of 0.8.The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to identify, by the standby optical line terminal, that the optical network terminal has ceased upstream burst and that a heartbeat to the active optical line terminal has been lost.9.The system of claim 1, the memory further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to:identify a set of passive optical networks that share a fiber link with the first passive optical network path;determine a set of standby optical line terminals for the set of passive optical networks; andtransmit a failure notification to the set of standby optical line terminals.10.A method for optical network geographic redundancy comprising:calculating a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location;transmitting the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal;calculating a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location;determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable;transmitting the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; andunblocking the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.11.The method of claim 10, wherein determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.12.The method of claim 10, wherein determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.13.The method of claim 10, wherein determining that the active optical line terminal is unavailable comprises receiving a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.14.The method of claim 10, wherein the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.15.The method of claim 10, wherein the standby optical line terminal stores the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.16.At least one non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions for optical network geographic redundancy that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to:calculate a first equalization delay for a first passive optical network path between an active optical line terminal and an optical network terminal, the active optical line terminal operating in a first location;transmit the first equalization delay to the optical network terminal;calculate a second equalization delay for a second passive optical network path between a standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal, the standby optical line terminal operating in a second location;determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable;transmit the second equalization delay to the optical network terminal; andunblock the second passive optical network path between the standby optical line terminal and the optical network terminal.17.The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a synchronized management server operating in the second location.18.The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a cloud-based service that monitors the active optical line terminal.19.The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to determine that the active optical line terminal is unavailable further comprises instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations to receive a notification from a centralized management server operating in a third location that monitors the active optical line terminal.20.The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the optical network terminal stores the first equalization delay and the second equalization delay in a local database, and wherein the second equalization delay is transmitted from the local database.