Lighting device and vehicle
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- VALEO VISION SA
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-27
AI Technical Summary
Light-emitting element strings in parallel connections often experience current imbalances due to parameter differences, leading to uneven brightness across the strings.
A lighting device comprising a constant current source circuit, a current balancing circuit, and a light-emitting assembly, where the current balancing circuit receives and balances the output current, ensuring balanced drive currents are supplied to each light-emitting branch.
The solution achieves uniform brightness across light-emitting branches by maintaining drive current differences of less than 1 mA, even in the presence of short circuits or open faults, thereby ensuring consistent illumination.
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Figure CN2024105076_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIGHTING DEVICE AND VEHICLETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a lighting device and a vehicle comprising same.Background Art
[0002] Light-emitting element strings are widely used in the technical field of lighting. Multiple light-emitting element strings are connected in parallel to an output end of a drive circuit, and in order to achieve uniformity of brightness across the light-emitting element strings, it is necessary to ensure that the same current flows through each light-emitting element string. However, for various reasons, the light-emitting element strings do not have exactly the same parameters, and this causes an imbalance of current in the parallel-connected light-emitting element strings, resulting in unbalanced brightness across the light-emitting element strings.Summary of the Invention
[0003] An objective of the present application is to overcome at least one of the problems and shortcomings in the prior art.
[0004] A first aspect of the present application provides a lighting device, the lighting device comprising a constant current source circuit, a current balancing circuit and a light-emitting assembly;
[0005] Wherein, the constant current source circuit comprises an output positive pole and an output negative pole, and the constant current source circuit is used for outputting an output current between the output positive pole and the output negative pole;
[0006] the light-emitting assembly comprises N light-emitting branches, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, a first end of each light-emitting branch being electrically connected to the output positive pole via the current balancing circuit, and a second end of each light-emitting branch being electrically connected to the output negative pole;
[0007] the current balancing circuit is used for receiving and balancing the output current, and supplying balanced drive currents to the N light-emitting branches.
[0008] In some embodiments, when the light-emitting assembly is operating normally, the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA.
[0009] In some embodiments, each said light-emitting branch comprises multiple light-emitting elements, and in each said light-emitting branch, the multiple light-emitting elements are connected in series between the first end and the second end of the corresponding light-emitting branch; when any of the light-emitting elements experiences a short circuit, the currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA.
[0010] In some embodiments, the number of the light-emitting elements in each said light-emitting branch is the same, and the model number of each said light-emitting element in the N light-emitting branches is the same; when the drive currents flowing through the N light-emitting branches are balanced, each said light-emitting element has the same brightness.
[0011] In some embodiments, the constant current source circuit comprises a current source, the current source being electrically connected between the output positive pole and the output negative pole, and the current source being used to supply the output current;
[0012] the current source comprises a DC operating mode and / or a PWM operating mode; in the DC operating mode, the constant current source circuit is used for outputting a constant DC current, and in the PWM operating mode, the constant current source circuit is used for outputting a constant PWM current.
[0013] In some embodiments, the constant current source circuit further comprises an output overvoltage protection circuit, the output overvoltage protection circuit being electrically connected between the output positive pole and the output negative pole;
[0014] when any one of the light-emitting branches experiences an open circuit fault, through regulation performed by the current balancing circuit, the drive currents of the other light-emitting branches where no open circuit fault has occurred decrease, the output voltage of the constant current source circuit rises, and the output overvoltage protection circuit clamps the output voltage of the constant current source circuit at a saturation voltage.
[0015] In some embodiments, when the output voltage of the constant current source circuit is constant at the saturation voltage for a preset time, the lighting device activates an overvoltage protection function, turning off the constant current source circuit so that the N light-emitting branches all stop emitting light, thus realizing an OFAF function.
[0016] In some embodiments, the overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage source and a first diode connected in series, the voltage of the voltage source being equal to the saturation voltage,
[0017] wherein the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the output positive pole, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to a positive pole of the voltage source, and a negative pole of the voltage source is electrically connected to the output negative pole, or the positive pole of the voltage source (Vs) is electrically connected to the output positive pole (Vo+) , the negative pole of the voltage source (Vs) is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode (D1) , and the cathode of the first diode (D1) is electrically connected to the output negative pole (GND) .
[0018] In some embodiments, the current balancing circuit comprises N balancing branches, each said balancing branch comprising a first end, a second end and a third end, the first ends of the N balancing branches all being electrically connected to the output positive pole, the second ends of the N balancing branches being electrically connected to the first ends of the N light-emitting branches in one-to-one correspondence, and the third ends of the N balancing branches being electrically connected together.
[0019] In some embodiments, each said balancing branch comprises a balancing PNP transistor, the balancing PNP transistors of the N balancing branches being identical;
[0020] in each said balancing branch, the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the corresponding balancing branch, the collector of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the corresponding balancing branch, and the base of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the third end of the corresponding balancing branch.
[0021] In some embodiments, each said balancing branch further comprises a bias resistor, the bias resistors of the N balancing branches being identical;
[0022] in each said balancing branch, the bias resistor is electrically connected between the first end of the corresponding balancing branch and the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor.
[0023] In some embodiments, the current balancing circuit comprises a reference branch, the reference branch being used to provide a bias current for the balancing PNP transistors, and limit the collector currents of the balancing PNP transistors within a preset range.
[0024] In some embodiments, the reference branch comprises a first end and a second end; the first end of the reference branch is electrically connected to the third ends of the N balancing branches, and the second end of the reference branch is electrically connected to the output negative pole.
[0025] In some embodiments, the reference branch comprises a reference PNP transistor, a second diode, a third diode, a first reference resistor and a second reference resistor;
[0026] the anode of the second diode is electrically connected to the first end of the reference branch, the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected to the base of the reference PNP transistor, the emitter of the reference PNP transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the reference branch via the first reference resistor, the collector of the reference PNP transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the reference branch, and the base of the reference PNP transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the reference branch via the second reference resistor.
[0027] A second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a lighting device as provided in the first aspect and the embodiments above.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0028] Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lighting device provided in an embodiment of the present application.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0029] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that embodiments of the present application are mainly possible modes of implementation intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present application. Herein, identical or similar components are indicated by identical or similar reference numerals. An electrical connection / connection means that there is an electrical connection relationship between two elements / nodes, which may be a direct electrical connection or an indirect electrical connection via another element, for example via a resistor, a connecting line or another electronic element.
[0030] Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lighting device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 1, embodiments of the present application provide a lighting device 100, the lighting device 100 comprising a constant current source circuit 10, a current balancing circuit 20 and a light-emitting assembly 30. The constant current source circuit 10 comprises an output positive pole Vo+ and an output negative pole GND; the output negative pole is for example a ground end, and the constant current source circuit 10 is used for outputting an output current Io in a loop between the output positive pole Vo+ and the output negative pole GND.
[0031] The light-emitting assembly 30 is used for emitting light; the light-emitting assembly 30 comprises N light-emitting branches, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2. As shown in Fig. 1, the light-emitting assembly 30 comprises 3 (N = 3) light-emitting branches, respectively labelled a first light-emitting branch 31, a second light-emitting branch 32 and a third light-emitting branch 33. In other embodiments, the number of light-emitting branches may also be 2, 4 or any other number greater than one; the present application does not impose any restrictions in this regard. A first end of each light-emitting branch is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+ via the current balancing circuit 20. Specifically, a first end 31a of the first light-emitting branch 31 is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+ via the current balancing circuit 20, a first end 32a of the second light-emitting branch 32 is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+ via the current balancing circuit 20, and a first end 33a of the third light-emitting branch 33 is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+ via the current balancing circuit 20. A second end of each light-emitting branch is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND. Specifically, a second end 31b of the first light- emitting branch 31 is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND, a second end 32b of the second light-emitting branch 32 is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND, and a second end 33b of the third light-emitting branch 33 is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND.
[0032] The current balancing circuit 20 is used for receiving and balancing the output current Io, and supplying balanced drive currents to the N light-emitting branches. The current balancing circuit 20 supplies a first drive current I1 to the first light-emitting branch 31, a second drive current I2 to the second light-emitting branch 32, and a third drive current I3 to the third light-emitting branch 33.
[0033] By electrically connecting the current balancing circuit 20 between the constant current source circuit 10 and the light-emitting assembly 30, embodiments of the present application enable the current balancing circuit 20 to adjust the received output current Io to N balanced drive currents, and supply these N balanced drive currents to the corresponding N light-emitting branches respectively. So that the N light-emitting branches emit uniform light. This avoids unequal drive currents due to the light-emitting branches having unequal parameters, thereby avoiding non-uniformity of brightness across the light-emitting branches.
[0034] When the light-emitting assembly 30 is operating normally, the current balancing circuit 20 is able to supply balanced drive currents to the N light-emitting branches. In theory, the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches are equal at this time. However, taking into account certain interference factors, the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches might have slight differences, but as long as these differences are within a reasonable error range, the drive currents may be regarded as being balanced. It is defined here that as long as the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA, it is considered that the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches are equal or nearly equal, and the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches are balanced. For example, when the light-emitting assembly 30 is operating normally, the current balancing circuit 20 supplies equal or nearly equal drive currents to the first light-emitting branch 31, the second light-emitting branch 32 and the third light-emitting branch 33 separately; at this time, |I1-I2|<1mA, |I1-I3|<1mA and |I2-I3|<1mA, i.e. the differences between the first drive current I1, the second drive current I2 and the third drive current I3 are equal to 0 or close to 0, and the drive currents of the 3 light-emitting branches are balanced.
[0035] In some embodiments, each light-emitting branch comprises multiple light-emitting elements, which may for example be LEDs; in other embodiments, the light-emitting elements may also be other types of elements, as long as they are able to emit light and achieve a corresponding illumination effect. In each light-emitting branch, the multiple light-emitting elements are connected in series between the first end and second end of the corresponding light-emitting branch. For example, the first light-emitting branch 31 comprises 8 LEDs, respectively labelled D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17 and D18; in the first light-emitting branch 31, the 8 light-emitting elements D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17 and D18 are connected in series between the first end 31a and the second end 31b of the corresponding first light-emitting branch 31. The second light-emitting branch 32 also comprises 8 LEDs, respectively labelled D21, D22, D23, D24, D25, D26, D27 and D28; in the second light-emitting branch 32, the 8 light-emitting elements D21, D22, D23, D24, D25, D26, D27 and D28 are connected in series between the first end 32a and the second end 32b of the corresponding second light-emitting branch 32. The third light-emitting branch 33 also comprises 8 LEDs, respectively labelled D31, D32, D33, D34, D35, D36, D37 and D38; in the third light-emitting branch 33, the 8 light-emitting elements D31, D32, D33, D34, D35, D36, D37 and D38 are connected in series between the first end 33a and the second end 33b of the corresponding third light-emitting branch 33.
[0036] If any light-emitting element experiences a short circuit, the currents of the N light-emitting branches still differ by less than 1 mA. Supposing that the light-emitting element D38 in the third light-emitting branch 33 experiences a short circuit fault, the drive currents in the N light-emitting branches will still be balanced due to the regulating action of the current balancing circuit 20. Thus, even if short circuits occur in a few light-emitting elements, the N light-emitting branches will still be able to provide a uniform illumination effect.
[0037] Preferably, the number of light-emitting elements in each light-emitting branch is the same, and the model number of each light-emitting element in the N light-emitting branches is the same; when the drive currents flowing through the N light-emitting branches are balanced, each light-emitting element has the same brightness. As shown in Fig. 1, the first light-emitting branch 31, the second light-emitting branch 32 and the third light-emitting branch 33 each comprise 8 identical LEDs; this enables each light-emitting branch to have the same illumination effect. However, in other embodiments, each light-emitting branch may have a different number of light-emitting elements; the number of light-emitting elements in each light-emitting branch may be any number greater than one, and the present application does not impose any restrictions in this respect.
[0038] The basic operating principles of the constant current source circuit 10 are described in detail below.
[0039] In some embodiments, the constant current source circuit 10 comprises a current source Is, the current source Is being electrically connected between the output positive pole Vo+ and the output negative pole GND, and the current source Is being used to supply the output current Io.The current source Is may comprise at least one of a DC operating mode and a PWM operating mode; in the DC operating mode, the constant current source circuit 10 is used for outputting a constant DC current. In the PWM operating mode, the constant current source circuit 10 is used for outputting a constant PWM current. In addition, the constant current source circuit 10 may further comprise an output capacitor Co, the output capacitor Co being connected in parallel with the current source Is; the output capacitor Co is electrically connected between the output positive pole Vo+ and the output negative pole GND, and used for filtering the output current Io.
[0040] Preferably, the constant current source circuit 10 further comprises an output overvoltage protection circuit 11, the output overvoltage protection circuit 11 being electrically connected between the output positive pole Vo+ and the output negative pole GND.
[0041] When any one of the light-emitting branches experiences an open circuit fault, through the regulation performed by the current balancing circuit 20, the drive currents of the other light-emitting branches where no open circuit fault has occurred decrease, the output voltage of the constant current source circuit 10 rises, and the output overvoltage protection circuit 11 clamps the output voltage of the constant current source circuit 10 at a saturation voltage.
[0042] For example, suppose that the third light-emitting branch 33 experiences an open circuit fault. At this time, the drive current I3 of the third light-emitting branch 33 changes to 0, and the regulation performed by the current balancing circuit 20 causes the drive current I1 of the first light-emitting branch 31 and the drive current I2 of the second light-emitting branch 32 to decrease. In this dynamic process, the constant current source circuit 10 will continuously increase the output voltage in order to maintain a constant output current Io. Due to the protective action of the output overvoltage protection circuit 11, when the output voltage increases to the saturation voltage, the output overvoltage protection circuit 11 will clamp the output voltage of the constant current source circuit 10 at the saturation voltage, so that the output voltage no longer increases.
[0043] When a light-emitting branch experiences an open circuit fault, in this embodiment, the current balancing circuit 20 triggers the overvoltage protection circuit 11 built into the constant current source circuit 10 to fulfil a protective function, and consequently, there is no need to provide an additional open circuit fault detection and protection circuit in the lighting device 100 as a whole, so that software and hardware costs of the lighting device are reduced.
[0044] In some embodiments, when the output voltage of the constant current source circuit 10 is constant at the saturation voltage for a preset time, e.g. the output voltage Vo stays at the saturation voltage continuously for a period of a few hundred milliseconds, it may be judged that a fault has occurred in the lighting device 100 at this time, and the lighting device 100 will activate an overvoltage protection function. The overvoltage protection function may specifically take the form of turning off the constant current source circuit 10 so that it no longer outputs the output current Io, so that the drive currents in the N light-emitting branches all become 0, and the N light-emitting branches all stop emitting light, thus realizing an OFAF (one fail all fail) function. It should be explained that in some embodiments, the lighting device 100 may be used as a headlamp of a vehicle. The OFAF function is a stipulated requirement in vehicle lighting: when one light-emitting element experiences an open circuit fault, all of the light-emitting elements must be turned off.
[0045] In some embodiments, the overvoltage protection circuit 11 comprises a voltage source Vs and a first diode D1 connected in series, the voltage of the voltage source Vs being equal to the saturation voltage, wherein the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+, the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the voltage source Vs, and the negative pole of the voltage source Vs is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND. The first diode D1 is reverse-series-connected to the positive pole of the voltage source Vs so that the maximum output voltage of the constant current source circuit 10 is equal to the voltage of the voltage source Vs. In other embodiments, the positions of the first diode D1 and the voltage source Vs may be exchanged; specifically, the positive pole of the voltage source Vs is electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+, the negative pole of the voltage source Vs is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND. In other embodiments, the overvoltage protection circuit may take other forms.
[0046] The basic operating principles of the current balancing circuit 20 are described in detail below.
[0047] In some embodiments, the current balancing circuit 20 may balance the drive currents in the N light-emitting branches. Fig. 1 shows one circuit structure of the current balancing circuit 20, but the present application is not limited to this; in other embodiments, the current balancing circuit 20 may be altered to have other forms, as long as it can be used to balance the drive currents.
[0048] As shown in Fig. 1, the current balancing circuit 20 comprises 3 balancing branches, respectively labelled a first balancing branch 21, a second balancing branch 22 and a third balancing branch 23. It should be explained that the number of balancing branches is not limited to 3, and may be any other number greater than one, as long as the number of balancing branches and the number of light-emitting branches are both the same N, N being an integer greater than 2.
[0049] Each balancing branch comprises a first end, a second end and a third end. The first ends of the N balancing branches are all electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+, the second ends of the N balancing branches are electrically connected to the first ends of the N light-emitting branches in one-to-one correspondence, and the third ends of the N balancing branches are electrically connected together. Specifically, the first balancing branch 21 comprises a first end 21a, a second end 21b and a third end 21c, the second balancing branch 22 comprises a first end 22a, a second end 22b and a third end 22c, and the third balancing branch 23 comprises a first end 23a, a second end 23b and a third end 23c. The first ends 21a, 22a, 23a of the 3 balancing branches 21, 22, 23 are all electrically connected to the output positive pole Vo+. The second ends 21b, 22b, 23b of the 3 balancing branches 21, 22, 23 are electrically connected to the first ends 31a, 32a, 33a of the 3 light-emitting branches 31, 32, 33 in one-to-one correspondence. Specifically, the second end 21b of the first balancing branch 21 and the first end 31a of the first light-emitting branch 31 are correspondingly electrically connected, the second end 22b of the second balancing branch 22 and the first end 32a of the second light-emitting branch 32 are correspondingly electrically connected, and the second end 23b of the third balancing branch 23 and the first end 33a of the third light-emitting branch 33 are correspondingly electrically connected. The third ends 21c, 22c, 23c of the 3 balancing branches 21, 22, 23 are electrically connected together.
[0050] In some embodiments, each balancing branch comprises a balancing PNP transistor, the balancing PNP transistors of the N balancing branches being identical. In each balancing branch, the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the corresponding balancing branch, the collector of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the corresponding balancing branch, and the base of the balancing PNP transistor is electrically connected to the third end of the corresponding balancing branch. As shown in Fig. 1, the first balancing branch 21 comprises a first balancing PNP transistor Q1, the second balancing branch 22 comprises a second balancing PNP transistor Q2, and the third balancing branch 23 comprises a third balancing PNP transistor Q3. In the first balancing branch 21, the emitter of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first end 21a of the corresponding first balancing branch 21, the collector of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the second end 21b of the first balancing branch 21, and the base of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the third end 21c of the first balancing branch 21. In the second balancing branch 22, the emitter of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end 22a of the corresponding second balancing branch 22, the collector of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the second end 22b of the second balancing branch 22, and the base of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the third end 22c of the second balancing branch 22. In the third balancing branch 23, the emitter of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the first end 23a of the corresponding third balancing branch 23, the collector of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the second end 23b of the third balancing branch 23, and the base of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the third end 23c of the third balancing branch 23.
[0051] In addition, each balancing branch comprises a capacitor, electrically connected between the emitter and base of the corresponding balancing PNP transistor, and used for filtering. For example, the first balancing branch 21 comprises a first capacitor C1, the first capacitor C1 being electrically connected between the emitter and base of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1. The second balancing branch 22 comprises a second capacitor C2, the second capacitor C2 being electrically connected between the emitter and base of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2. The third balancing branch 23 comprises a third capacitor C3, the third capacitor C3 being electrically connected between the emitter and base of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3.
[0052] In some embodiments, each balancing branch may further comprise a bias resistor, the bias resistors of the N balancing branches being identical; in each balancing branch, the bias resistor is electrically connected between the first end of the corresponding balancing branch and the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor. The N bias resistors have the effect of helping to balance the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches, ensuring that the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches are the same or nearly the same. As shown in Fig. 1, the first balancing branch 21 comprises a first bias resistor R1, the second balancing branch 22 comprises a second bias resistor R2, and the third balancing branch 23 comprises a third bias resistor R3. In the first balancing branch 21, the first bias resistor R1 is electrically connected between the first end 21a of the corresponding first balancing branch 21 and the emitter of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1. In the second balancing branch 22, the second bias resistor R2 is electrically connected between the first end 22a of the corresponding second balancing branch 22 and the emitter of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2. In the third balancing branch 23, the third bias resistor R3 is electrically connected between the first end 23a of the corresponding third balancing branch 23 and the emitter of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3.
[0053] Since the 3 balancing PNP transistors are the same model of transistor, they have the same gain β, the same conduction voltage drop and other identical parameters. When the respective total voltages of the 3 light-emitting branches are the same or nearly the same, the first balancing PNP transistor Q1, the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 and the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 all operate in the saturation region. They are further combined with the identical bias resistors R1, R2, R3. Thus ensuring that the collector currents of the 3 balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 are balanced, And because the drive current of each light-emitting branch is equal to the collector current of the balancing PNP transistor of the correspondingly connected balancing branch, it is thus ensured that the drive currents I1, I2, I3 in the 3 light-emitting branches 31, 32, 33 are balanced, i.e. I1, I2 and I3 are exactly the same, or nearly the same within an error range.
[0054] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, when any one of the light-emitting elements experiences a short circuit, e.g. light-emitting element D38 on the third light-emitting branch 33 experiences a short circuit, the total voltage of the third light-emitting branch 33 will be less than the total voltage of the first light-emitting branch 31 and the total voltage of the second light-emitting branch 32. At this time, the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 will increase its voltage drop to make up for the voltage of light-emitting element D38 that has been lost, and the first balancing PNP transistor Q1, the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 and the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 switch from operating in the saturation region to operating in the active region. Since the base of the first balancing PNP transistor Q1, the base of the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 and the base of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 are electrically connected together, the base voltages of the 3 balancing PNP transistors are the same, labelled as a reference voltage Vr. Furthermore, the conduction voltage drop between the emitter and base is the same, e.g. 0.7 V, for each of the 3 balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3; therefore, the emitter voltages of the 3 balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 are the same, each being the base voltage plus 0.7 V. Therefore, the base currents of the 3 balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 are the same, specifically Ib1 = Ib2 = Ib3 = 1 / 3*Ir, where Ir is a reference current flowing into a first end 200a of a reference branch 200. Furthermore, the drive currents of the 3 light-emitting branches 31, 32, 33 are equal to the collector currents of the 3 balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, i.e. I1 = β*Ib1, I2 = β*Ib2, I3 = β*Ib3. Therefore, the drive currents of the 3 light-emitting branches 31, 32, 33 are the same, i.e. I1 = I2 = I3. When the number of light-emitting branches is N, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, the same principle applies; the currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA, so a current-balancing effect is achieved by the current balancing circuit 20.
[0055] When any one of the light-emitting elements experiences an open circuit fault, e.g. light-emitting element D38 on the third light-emitting branch 33 experiences an open circuit, the third light-emitting branch 33 experiences an open circuit, at which time the drive current I3 of the third light-emitting branch 33 changes to 0. The saturation state or active state of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 is broken, and the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 will change to diode mode. At this time, the base current of the third balancing PNP transistor Q3 is equal to the emitter current, so Ib3 is approximately equal to Ir, and Ib3 is much greater than Ib2 and Ib1. Therefore, the first balancing PNP transistor Q1 and the second balancing PNP transistor Q2 switch from the saturated state or active state to the cut-off state, at which time the sum of collector currents of the 3 balancing PNP transistors is much less than the output current Io of the constant current source circuit 10. Therefore, in order to maintain a constant output current Io, the constant current source circuit 10 continuously increases the output voltage Vo, until the output voltage Vo reaches the saturation voltage, thereby triggering the overvoltage protection function of the lighting device 100, so as to turn off the constant current source circuit 10.
[0056] In some embodiments, the current balancing circuit 20 further comprises a reference branch 200, the reference branch 200 being used to provide a bias current for the balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and limit the collector currents of the balancing PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 within a preset range. In particular, when one light-emitting branch experiences an open circuit fault. A large transient current might appear in the collectors of the PNP transistors in the other light-emitting branches in which no open circuit fault has occurred. The reference branch 200 limits this large transient current within a preset range, ensuring that the PNP transistors operate in a safe operating region, and breakdown thereof is avoided.
[0057] As shown in Fig. 1, the reference branch 200 comprises a first end 200a and a second end 200b; the first end 200a of the reference branch 200 is electrically connected to the third ends 21c, 22c, 23c of the 3 balancing branches, and the second end 200b of the reference branch 200 is electrically connected to the output negative pole GND.
[0058] Specifically, the reference branch 200 comprises a reference PNP transistor Qr, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first reference resistor Rr1 and a second reference resistor Rr2. The second diode D2 and third diode D3 are connected in series; the anode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first end 200a of the reference branch 200, the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode D3, the cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the base of the reference PNP transistor Qr, the emitter of the reference PNP transistor Qr is electrically connected to the first end 200a of the reference branch 200 via the first reference resistor Rr1, the collector of the reference PNP transistor Qr is electrically connected to the second end 200b of the reference branch 200, and the base of the reference PNP transistor Qr is electrically connected to the second end 200b of the reference branch 200 via the second reference resistor Rr2. In addition, the reference branch 200 further comprises a reference capacitor Cr, the reference capacitor Cr being connected in parallel with the series-connected second diode D2 and third diode D3, and used for filtering. At this time, the reference current Ir is approximately equal to the voltage drop 0.7 V across the second diode D2 divided by the resistance of resistor Rr1.
[0059] Embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle comprising a lighting device, wherein the lighting device may be the lighting device described in any one of the embodiments above.
[0060] Although the present application has been explained in conjunction with the drawings, the embodiments disclosed in the drawings are intended to provide an exemplary illustration of preferred embodiments of the present application, and must not be construed as limiting the present application.
[0061] Although some embodiments of the general concept of the present application have been presented and explained, those skilled in the art will understand that the present application may also comprise other equivalent embodiments without departing from the general inventive concept of the present application; the scope of protection of the present application shall be defined by the claims.
Claims
1.Lighting device (100) , characterized by comprising a constant current source circuit (10) , a current balancing circuit (20) and a light-emitting assembly (30) ,wherein the constant current source circuit (10) comprises an output positive pole (Vo+) and an output negative pole (GND) , and the constant current source circuit (10) is used for outputting an output current (Io) between the output positive pole (Vo+) and the output negative pole (GND) ;the light-emitting assembly (30) comprises N light-emitting branches (31, 32, 33) , N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, a first end (31a, 32a, 33a) of each said light-emitting branch being electrically connected to the output positive pole (Vo+) via the current balancing circuit (20) , and a second end (31b, 32b, 33b) of each said light-emitting branch being electrically connected to the output negative pole (GND) ;the current balancing circuit (20) is used for receiving and balancing the output current (Io) , and supplying balanced drive currents (I1, I2, I3) to the N light-emitting branches.2.Lighting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that when the light-emitting assembly (30) is operating normally, the drive currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA.3.Lighting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that each said light-emitting branch comprises multiple light-emitting elements, and in each said light-emitting branch, the multiple light-emitting elements are connected in series between the first end and the second end of the corresponding light-emitting branch; when any of the light-emitting elements experiences a short circuit, the currents of the N light-emitting branches differ by less than 1 mA.4.Lighting device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the number of the light-emitting elements in each said light-emitting branch is the same, and the type of each said light-emitting element in the N light-emitting branches is the same; when the drive currents flowing through the N light-emitting branches are balanced, each said light-emitting element has the same brightness.5.Lighting device according to any one of Claims 1 -4, characterized in that the constant current source circuit (10) comprises a current source (Is) , the current source (Is) being electrically connected between the output positive pole (Vo+) and the output negative pole (GND) , and the current source (Is) being used to supply the output current (Io) ;the current source (Is) comprises a DC operating mode and / or a PWM operating mode; in the DC operating mode, the constant current source circuit (10) is used for outputting a constant DC current, and in the PWM operating mode, the constant current source circuit (10) is used for outputting a constant PWM current.6.Lighting device according to any one of Claims 1 -4, characterized in that the constant current source circuit (10) further comprises an output overvoltage protection circuit (11) , the output overvoltage protection circuit (11) being electrically connected between the output positive pole (Vo+) and the output negative pole (GND) ;when any one of the light-emitting branches experiences an open circuit fault, through regulation performed by the current balancing circuit (20) , the drive currents of the other light-emitting branches where no open circuit fault has occurred decrease, the output voltage of the constant current source circuit (10) rises, and the output overvoltage protection circuit (11) clamps the output voltage of the constant current source circuit (10) at a saturation voltage.7.Lighting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that when the output voltage of the constant current source circuit (10) is constant at the saturation voltage for a preset time, the lighting device activates an overvoltage protection function, turning off the constant current source circuit (10) so that the N light-emitting branches all stop emitting light, thus realizing an OFAF function.8.Lighting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the overvoltage protection circuit (11) comprises a voltage source (Vs) and a first diode (D1) connected in series, the voltage of the voltage source (Vs) being equal to the saturation voltage,wherein the anode of the first diode (D1) is electrically connected to the output positive pole (Vo+) , the cathode of the first diode (D1) is electrically connected to a positive pole of the voltage source (Vs) , and a negative pole of the voltage source (Vs) is electrically connected to the output negative pole (GND) , or the positive pole of the voltage source (Vs) is electrically connected to the output positive pole (Vo+) , the negative pole of the voltage source (Vs) is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode (D1) , and the cathode of the first diode (D1) is electrically connected to the output negative pole (GND) .9.Lighting device according to any one of Claims 1 -4, characterized in that the current balancing circuit (20) comprises N balancing branches (21, 22, 23) , each said balancing branch comprising a first end, a second end and a third end, the first ends (21a, 22a, 23a) of the N balancing branches all being electrically connected to the output positive pole (Vo+) , the second ends (21b, 22b, 23b) of the N balancing branches being electrically connected to the first ends (31a, 32a, 33a) of the N light-emitting branches in one-to-one correspondence, and the third ends (21c, 22c, 23c) of the N balancing branches being electrically connected together.10.Lighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that each said balancing branch (21, 22, 23) comprises a balancing PNP transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3) , the balancing PNP transistors (Q1, Q2, Q3) of the N balancing branches being identical;in each said balancing branch (21, 22, 23) , the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3) is electrically connected to the first end (21a, 22a, 23a) of the corresponding balancing branch, the collector of the balancing PNP transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3) is electrically connected to the second end (21b, 22b, 23b) of the corresponding balancing branch, and the base of the balancing PNP transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3) is electrically connected to the third end (21c, 22c, 23c) of the corresponding balancing branch.11.Lighting device according to Claim 10, characterized in that each said balancing branch (21, 22, 23) further comprises a bias resistor (R1, R2, R3) , the bias resistors of the N balancing branches being identical;in each said balancing branch, the bias resistor is electrically connected between the first end of the corresponding balancing branch and the emitter of the balancing PNP transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3) .12.Lighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the current balancing circuit (20) comprises a reference branch (200) , the reference branch being used to provide a bias current for the balancing PNP transistors, and limit the collector currents of the PNP transistors within a preset range.13.Lighting device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the reference branch (200) comprises a first end (200a) and a second end (200b) ; the first end (200a) of the reference branch (200) is electrically connected to the third ends (21c, 22c, 23c) of the N balancing branches, and the second end (200b) of the reference branch (200) is electrically connected to the output negative pole (GND) .14.Lighting device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the reference branch (200) comprises a reference PNP transistor (Qr) , a second diode (D2) , a third diode (D3) , a first reference resistor (Rr1) and a second reference resistor (Rr2) ;the anode of the second diode (D2) is electrically connected to the first end (200a) of the reference branch (200) , the cathode of the second diode (D2) is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode (D3) , the cathode of the third diode (D3) is electrically connected to the base of the reference PNP transistor (Qr) , the emitter of the reference PNP transistor (Qr) is electrically connected to the first end (200a) of the reference branch (200) via the first reference resistor (Rr1) , the collector of the reference PNP transistor (Qr) is electrically connected to the second end (200b) of the reference branch (200) , and the base of the reference PNP transistor (Qr) is electrically connected to the second end (200b) of the reference branch (200) via the second reference resistor (Rr2) .15.Vehicle, characterized by comprising the lighting device according to any one of Claims 1 -14.