Securing structure for at least one object in a structure, in particular in a shaft or channel, and method for producing a securing structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a securing structure and to a method for producing a securing structure for at least one object (3) in a structure (1), in particular in a shaft or channel (1), wherein the structure (1) comprises a receiving portion (2) for the object (3) and a cover (4), as a result of which the object is protected against unauthorised removal by virtue of a material-bonded and non-detachable connection being provided between the object (3) and the receiving portion (2).

Description

[0001]Hau 04— 2.2S-408.50603,-RaLeP*Pms 035 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 “Safety structure for at least one object in a structure, in particular in a shaft or channel, method for producing a safety structure” The present invention provides a safety structure for at least one object in a structure, in particular a shaft or channel, wherein the structure comprises a receptacle for the object and a cover. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a safety structure. Structures in the form of channels and shafts are used in many areas of water supply and drainage, in connection with energy, electricity, gas, telephone, or district heating networks. The shafts usually connect to the channels, which serve to accommodate lines and their connections, branches, and bends. In addition to applications of the structures in telecommunications, energy supply, transport, and industrial companies, they are also used in railway operating facilities. The presentThe invention relates to shafts or channels in which pipes or electrical cables, including bends, branches, and connecting pieces, are arranged. The structures in question generally comprise a recess and a cover. The recess can be an excavation / depression in the ground, and the cover can consist, for example, of bulk material such as rubble or gravel. The recess can also be in the form of a trough, and a cover resting on the trough could be a concrete slab. The trough and the concrete slab are prefabricated concrete components. The known recesses and covers are accessible. Although opening a cover requires some effort and perseverance to protect the objects contained in the structure, criminal activity regarding the theft of non-ferrous metals is taking a worrying turn. Electrical or pipes are usually made of copper, also of aluminum orSuitable metal alloys, for which prices can be obtained on the scrap metal market. Therefore, criminals have an incentive to remove electrical cables or pipes from accessible structures without authorization. In track construction, within the context of railway operating facilities, these structures are also used to adequately house electrical cables and signaling technology. The removal of electrical cables from cable ducts and cable shafts in railway construction has catastrophic consequences in terms of train cancellations, line closures, and costly repairs. Negative consequences also arise in other areas when pipes made of non-ferrous metals, such as copper pipes, or parts thereof, are improperly and without authorization removed from utility ducts or shafts. Furthermore, there is the risk that the extracted material will be lost or cause environmental pollution. Damage amounting to millions can occur. For maintenance purposes, with regard to cables that remain replaceable...To ensure that the covers of shafts and channels remain accessible to specialist personnel, they must be secured. Additional locking mechanisms on the structures are costly, susceptible to corrosion, and, above all, relatively easy for criminals to overcome. In this conventional manner, valuable materials contained within the structure are at risk. The invention is based on the objective of providing a locking structure of the type described above that counteracts damage to channel and shaft structures caused by criminals. Hau 04-02-202E-40850E01 HamP Poz '001 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - The foregoing objective is achieved with regard to the locking structure by the features of claim 14. Thereafter, a locking structure of the type described above is designed such that a material-bonded and inseparable connection is provided between the object and the receptacle. The foregoing objective is achieved with regard to the method by the features of claim 14. Thereafter, a method described above.The design of the object is such that a material-bonded and inseparable connection is formed between the object and the receiving structure. Due to the development of theft of copper cables and pipes and other non-ferrous metals from accessible structures, particularly canals and shafts, and the associated enormous damage to the public and private sectors, the need for security measures has been recognized. It has also been recognized that locking measures on the structure are of little use in stopping a criminal. According to the invention, it has been recognized that damage to canal and shaft structures caused by criminals can be curbed if objects can be removed from the structure. Finally, it has been recognized according to the invention that the removal can be prevented by providing a material-bonded and inseparable connection between the object and the receiving structure. Objects such as layable pipes or cables, electrical cables, etc., are used in this process.Pipes, cables, and their accessories such as connectors, bends, branches, reducers, and extensions are permanently secured, preventing unauthorized removal by pulling the objects out meter by meter. The inventive securing structure and method mitigate the damage to structures, particularly their coverings, during pipe and cable installation. The previously known, but ineffective, method of securing by cradling and covering has been improved by this measure and offers new application possibilities beyond the combination of trough / cover, securing objects that are simply laid in the ground and covered with fill material. The use of an adhesive material to form the bonded connection has proven particularly cost-effective. The adhesive material could be mineral-based and / orThese include plastic-based binders and mortars containing them, and / or epoxy resins, and / or polyurethanes, and / or polybutadiene. Furthermore, adhesive materials such as water glass, resins like one- or multi-component epoxy resins, polymers, or one- or multi-component polyurethanes, especially KPU, a developed polyurethane material, could be considered. During the curing of the primarily plastic-based adhesive material of the bond, known processes such as polymerization occur. A commercially available ballast bonding resin, GREBOPDX° from Gremmler Bauchemie GmbH, is a preferred adhesive in railway construction, for example. Regarding mineral-based binders and mortars containing them, mineral binders such as cement, gypsum, anhydrite, magnesite, mixed binders, as well as plaster and masonry binders could be used. Pozzolans can support the durability of the cured mortars by providing hydraulic factors. Cement-based binders are also suitable.However, since plastics such as polymers and other additives may also be present, adhesive material could be used. Mineral- and polymer-based mortars can also be sufficient for application and then harden completely. According to a very simple variant of the securing structure according to the invention, the structure's receptacle could have a bearing surface for the object, with the material-bonded connection being at least between the object and the bearing surface. Furthermore, the object could also be bonded to the side walls of the receptacle. Pipes or conduits could be easily glued in place. In particular, the bearing surface could have a required number of recesses for the precise positioning of multiple objects. Such recesses could be filled with the adhesive material, resulting in a larger area of ​​contact with the object on a flat bearing surface. Alternatively toInstead of simply adhering the objects to the support surface or its recesses and to the side walls or recesses arranged therein of the receptacle, the securing structure according to the invention could also be formed by covering the object in the structure with adhesive material or at least partially embedding it. After casting by hand or machine, the adhesive material and the securing structure harden. The chemical composition of the adhesive material is matched to and compatible with the surface of the object. This prevents damage to the object from corrosion and avoids undesirable chemical reactions. From a process engineering perspective, the receptacle could be coated with the adhesive material before or after the objects to be fixed were inserted. The adhesion of the adhesive material to the inner wall of the receptacle or to recesses within the receptacle is just as important with regard to the formation of the permanent bond asThe adhesion of the adhesive material to the object. The amount of adhesive material required to create the securing structure could be significantly reduced if the bonded connection included not only adhesive material but also bulk material. The volume of space occupied by the bulk material eliminates the need to fill it with the material. The bulk material has the advantage of being inexpensive and also making the destruction of mineral materials more difficult. It is a pure adhesive to which chemicals can theoretically be added. 04-02-202S-40850S01-HemPtPzsi-00 - PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - As for the particle size of the bulk material, this depends on the nature of the object to be secured and the type of material being used. The primary focus is on securing copper pipes / conductors and their accessories. It should be noted that very small bulk materials, such as sand, are less suitable due to the large surface area of ​​their numerous individual particles, as the flow of the adhesive material within the holding area MUST be ensured.Bulk material could be gravel, or other recyclable organic materials, especially or, for example, largely mineral recycled gravel. With regard to conventional mineral bulk materials, gravel could be preferred because the angular stones interlock better, yet still allow the adhesive material to flow through. Regarding recycled gravel, gravel that, for example, is contaminated and needs to be replaced at railway stations or after construction work could be processed into a smaller grain fraction of bulk material for use in the securing structure according to the invention via recycling processes such as crushing. This effectively creates sustainability. The object to be secured could be permanently covered by the bulk material within a structure. In the case of a structure consisting of a concrete trough and a concrete slab, embedding the at least one object would also be conceivable. Even if the object were visible after the removal of the concrete slab, it would still be...However, to prevent any damage, continuous covering is the preferred method. The bulk material could be introduced in layers of varying grain sizes. The bottom layer could consist of 20 mm - 35 mm gravel, followed by a smaller layer with a grain size of 2 mm - 6 mm. Further variations with multiple layers are conceivable. Hau 04-02- 2S- 408S080 Ha. 0021PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 7 - Measures such as injection or nozzle application of the adhesive material under pressure may be added. The manufacturing process of the safety structure according to the invention involves various steps and sequences. Filling recesses in the support surface of the receptacle with the materials, laying the objects to be laid, pouring over them with the bulk material, and introducing the adhesive material could follow one another. It would also be possible to prepare an adhesive-bulk material mixture to combine two steps. In any case, the ratio of bulk material to adhesive must be adjusted so that an inseparable bond between the object and the receptacle is achieved.The components of the bulk material could be at least partially bonded to each other. Furthermore, the components of the bulk material could be at least partially bonded to the object. Finally, the components of the bulk material could be at least partially bonded to the receptacle—its contact surface, side walls, and any existing recesses. The securing structure can then be created by the curing of the adhesive material, incorporating the bulk material. It is also possible, in principle, to place only the objects in the receptacle and then cover them with the adhesive material, or to apply the bulk material to the placed objects and then the adhesive material. If the adhesive material has a very long curing time, it can also be applied first, followed by the object, which can then be immersed in the adhesive bath. Finally, the bulk material could follow.One variant of the design of the security structure could be present if a mixture of adhesive material and the existing receptacle are used. As already explained in the introductory description, the aim is to protect against theft of non-ferrous metals, especially copper, and damage to structures such as cable ducts or cable shafts. The invention is 04-02-2029,-408S0S01. HamPtPms-0022 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - Safety Structure: Indestructibility of the object within the structure and its permanent connection to the structure. The objects to be installed are long-lasting cables / pipes and their connecting and branching pieces, bends that typically need to be replaced every few decades. These are located in a structure, shaft, or channel equipped with a concrete trough and a concrete slab, and sometimes also include pipes or electrical cables that need to be maintained or replaced, especially because... The accessibility and replaceability of these reversibly installed objects could be maintained if the safety structure maintains a distance from the cover shape of the concrete slab. Such reversibly installed objects could be placed on the upper end surface of the safety structure, which is spaced away from the bearing surface.For example, consider the line conductor cable in railway operating systems, whose copper content is only an inner core with a diameter in the millimeter range. Since the end surface of the safety structure can be uneven, especially when used to form the safety structure, a support device could rest on the end surface of the safety structure, which would then already be hardened. In certain applications, the question of reversible lines and pipes arises. The installation can be an excavation / depression / excavation in the ground, and the cover could consist of rubble and gravel. This is relevant in railway operating system construction, for example, for the supply to a switch heater, where, according to the state of the art, the copper lines are generally laid loosely and unprotected in the ballast bed. In such applications, the safety structure itself could form the cover.A finishing surface for the support of reversible objects in such cases—In the application described above, the permanent connection could be formed as follows: First, gravel is placed over the excavated material (Hau 04-02-202E-40850S01- - P Pzs PCT / DE2025 / 000016) — the pipe is then placed on top, covered, and sprayed with adhesive material from above. Finally, after curing, the pipe is connected between the gravel and the adhesive material, which also bonds to the inner wall of the receptacle. Thus, the safety connection is formed and effective. In connection with the securing structure according to the invention, process-related and material-related details are described in full, and the process description is repeated here.The descriptions of the properties of the adhesive material and the bulk material, the grain size and layer structure in connection with the securing structure and its design are expressly also included in the descriptions of the process. Information on the features of the securing structure is also included. The inventive method departs from the previous securing principle of covering the objects with a concrete slab. The objects to be protected are secured by forming a material-bonded and inseparable connection between the object and the receptacle. According to a simple embodiment, the object in the recess could be covered with adhesive material so that it is simply glued in place, thus deterring the thief. Alternatively, instead of being filled, it could also be sprayed or coated, or pasty adhesives or plates coated with an adhesive layer could be used to fill the receptacle.For various types of bonding, suitable devices can significantly reduce manual effort. The object could be covered by the adhesive material or at least partially embedded within it. The securing structure is created by the hardening of the adhesive material or the resulting bond. This is particularly advantageous if not only adhesive material is used to secure the object, but also if bulk material is present. The amount of adhesive material required to create the securing structure can be significantly reduced if the bond also includes bulk material. The volume of space occupied by the bulk material saves on filling it with the material, which is inexpensive and also makes the destruction of mineral materials more difficult. A hardened securing structure made of adhesive material is created, which could theoretically be chemically added.Depending on the properties of the adhesive material, the bulk material, and the object itself, the process could involve different steps. If the adhesive material has long curing times, the receptacle could be filled with adhesive material before or after the object is placed, followed by the bulk material. When laying pipes in railway construction with long stretches of several kilometers, the curing time will hardly be sufficient, and placing the object in the trough, followed by the bulk material, and then the adhesive material, is preferred. When laying objects in excavated soil, the sequence of steps could be modified by first laying a bed of gravel in the excavated area, which also acts as a bonding agent. The object could then be placed in the gravel, covered with the gravel, and bonded again, thus embedding the object between the layers.The components of the bulk material and the adhesive material are in contact with each other and with the inner wall of the mounting. In one variant, where a layer of gravel, then the objects and then the mounting are applied, and then the adhesive is applied, that is the main point 04-02-202S- 40830f-7;01-H a. ,Ps 0025 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 — 11 — Bearing surface of the cavity between the components of the gravel bed, the adhesive material flowing to the bearing surface is larger. In a method in which bulk material is applied first and then the adhesive material, after the object has been placed, the bulk material could be applied so that it covers the object by at least 2 cm. The adhesive material could then be sprayed or poured onto the bulk material. The bulk material could be applied in layers of varying grain sizes, with the layer adjacent to the bearing surface having a larger grain size than the subsequent layer. The lower layer could contain bulk material (gravel) with a grain size of 20 mm - 35 mm. The upper layer could contain bulk material with a grain size of 2 mm - 6 mm.The layered variant of the process opens up the possibility of using different adhesive materials with varying properties tailored to the grain size of the bulk material. For example, the viscosity of the adhesive material could be higher for a layer of gravel. With a view to reducing process steps and effort, it is particularly preferred to use a mixture of adhesive material and bulk material in the recess already containing the object. The concept of a layered structure with different grain sizes could be achieved by using different mixtures that could be applied sequentially. When filling the recess, pressure could be applied to the adhesive material, the bulk material, or the mixture thereof, or other compaction measures – such as vibrating the bulk material – could be used. Hau 04-02-202Ç.-4089,060 --. a Pt. Ds - 0026PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 12 - In a method in which bulk material is first applied to the object and then the adhesive material is applied, the bulk material could be compacted before the adhesive material is sprayed onto it. A vibratory plate could be used for this purpose. In the field of railway construction, the securing could be achieved using a ballast processing machine with feed booms along the length of the object, where at least the adhesive material and the bulk material are mixed or placed into the receptacle containing the object. There are now various possibilities for developing and further refining the teaching of the present invention. Reference is made, on the one hand, to the claims subordinate to the claim, and on the other hand, to the following explanation of two exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing.In connection with the explanation of the cited exemplary embodiments of the invention, generally preferred designs and further developments of the teaching are also shown in the drawing: 1. schematic cross-sectional view of a structure in the form of a cable duct according to the prior art, 2. the object made of with inserted objects in the form of electrical conductors according to the prior art, 3. the object made of 2 with a securing structure according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment, 4. the object made of 2 with a securing structure according to the invention according to a second exemplary embodiment and Hau 04- ASOE: -H. AuPiPost-0027 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 13 - 5 Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure in the form of a cable duct created by excavation with a securing structure according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment, wherein the securing structure also includes the cover. Figures 1 and 2 show a structure according to the prior art in the form of a duct, a receptacle 2, several objects 3, and the shape of copper conductors. The receptacle 2 is closed with a cover 4, which is removable. The receptacle 2 is a concrete trough, the cover 4 a concrete slab. According to the invention, the securing structure S comprises a material-bonded and inseparable connection between the object 3 and the receptacle. The connection is an adhesive bond using an adhesive material. The receptacle 2 shown in Figure 5 has a bearing surface 6 for the copper conductors 3. The bearing surface 6, according to Figure 4, is equipped with recesses in which the copper conductors 3 are inserted with positional accuracy.3 that the adhesive material is introduced into the receptacle 2 between the copper conductors 3 and the bearing surface 6 of the receptacle 2, as well as between the copper conductors 3 and the side wall 7 of the receptacle 2. According to the first embodiment of the locking structure according to the invention shown in 3, the copper conductors 3 in the structure are generously covered by the adhesive material 5. The thickness of the coating layer described in more detail corresponds approximately to the cross-section of the copper conductors. The locking structure S is created by the curing of the adhesive material 5 of the material-bonded connection. According to the second embodiment of the securing structure S according to the invention shown in section 4, the adhesive bond comprises the present conclusive connection. The copper conductors 3 in the structure are covered by the bulk material 8.The thickness of the specified covering layer corresponds approximately to the cross-section of the copper conductors. Components 9 of the bulk material 8 are at least partially bonded to one another. Furthermore, the components 9 of the bulk material 8 are at least partially bonded to the object 3. Finally, the components 9 of the bulk material 8 are at least partially bonded to the receiving surface 6 and its side wall 7. The securing structure S is formed by the curing of the adhesive material 5 of the bond, incorporating the bulk material 8.In the first embodiment, the first process step of manufacturing the securing structure S comprises the following: The copper conductors 3 are then inserted into the recesses of the support surface 6 using adhesive material 5. In the second embodiment, after the copper conductors 3 have been laid in the recesses of the support surface 6, the bulk material 8 is first poured into the securing structure S, and then – in a significantly smaller quantity than in the first embodiment – ​​the adhesive material is added, which, due to its suitable flow properties, also spreads at least partially between the copper conductors 3 and the support surface 6 or its recesses. By means of the securing structure S according to the invention, the copper conductors 3 are irretrievably and securely arranged in the channel. The bulk material 8 is gravel.In the first and second embodiments, the channel contains further maintenance-required lines 3 and 4, which were to be reversibly inserted into the channel and remain accessible via the cover 4. These lines 11 lie on the end surface 10 of the fuse structure S. The end surface 10 has such a distance from the cover 4 that sufficient space is available to accommodate the maintenance-required lines with a very low copper content. Particularly in the second embodiment, the end surface 10 is very uneven, which is why a support device is shown for intermediate placement on the end surface 10 of the fuse structure S. 5 embodiment of the fuse structure S according to the invention is shown.Here, inset 2 with bearing surface 6 and side wall 7 is connected to a channel created by excavating earth E. To form the securing structure S, a layer of gravel 8A was first laid on inset 2. This was then bonded to the bearing surface of the side wall 7 by spraying adhesive material 5A onto it. An adhesive bond was also formed between the components 9 of the gravel and the bulk material 8 present by the adhesive material 5A. Afterwards, the objects 3, in the form of copper pipes 3 of a switch heater from the railway operations building sector, are placed on the gravel layer 8A. Subsequently, an 8B is applied to the copper conductors 3 and the gravel layer 8A, and this is then bonded to the copper conductors with the wall 7 of the receptacle 2 by spraying adhesive material 5B with the components 9 and the adhesive material 5A acting there in the upper area of ​​the gravel layer 8A. An adhesive bond through the main 04-02-2025.-408SOS. HauP +t-0030 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 16 - Adhesive material 5B also between the components 9 of the 8B. The adhesive material 5 forms in two phases, each affecting the spaces between the components 9 of the bulk material. The first phase involves the spread of the adhesive material 5A of the gravel layer 8A, bonding its components 9 to each other, to the side wall 7, and to the bearing surface 6. The second phase involves the spread of the adhesive material 5B of the 8B, bonding its components 9 to each other, to the side wall 7, to the copper pipes 3, to the upper components 9 of the gravel layer 8A, and to the adhesive material 5A of the gravel layer 8A located between them. The cover 4 is covered by the area of ​​the 8B which extends more than 2 cm above the copper wires 3 of the switch heater and thus by one of the features of the safety structure S shown in the figures, reference is made to my description.Finally, it should be noted that the teaching according to the invention is limited to the embodiments discussed above.

Claims

Hau 04-02-202g-4 8SOS Rau 1 0032 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 17- Claims: Securing structure at least an object (a structure (in particular a shaft or channel () wherein the structure (a receptacle (the object ( and a cover () is provided, characterized in that a material-bonded and inseparable connection is provided between the object ( and the receptacle (). Securing structure according to claim 5A, characterized in that the material-bonded connection comprises an adhesive bond and adhesive 5A, 5B). Securing structure according to claim 5A, characterized in that the adhesive 5A, 5B) comprises mineral- and / or polymer-based binders and mortars containing these, and / or epoxy resin, and / or polyurethane, and / or polybutadiene.A securing structure according to one of the claims is characterized in that the receiving ( has a bearing surface ( the object ( and that the material-bonded connection at least between object ( and bearing surface ()) is characterized in that the object ( in the structure ( of the adhesive 5B) covers or at least partially embeds this and that the securing S) is formed by curing of the adhesive material ( 5A, 5B) or the material-bonded connection formed therein. Hau 04-02-2025-408S0601-Hau P 43033 PCT / DE2025 / 000016-18 - Securing structure according to one of the claims characterized in that the material-bonded connection comprises bulk material. Securing structure according to claim characterized in that the bulk material is crushed stone and / or gravel and / or recycled material. Securing structure according to claim 6 or characterized in that the object in the structure is inextricably bonded with bulk material of different grain sizes introduced in layers (8A, 8B). Securing structure according to one of claims 6 characterized in that components of the bulk material are at least partially bonded to the object, at least partially to each other, and at least partially to the receiving structure, and that the securing structure (S) is bonded to the bulk material by curing of the adhesive material.The securing structure formed thereby, characterized in that the securing structure (S) is formed by covering the object ( with the bulk material ( and subsequent addition of an adhesive material ( or that the securing structure (S) is formed by covering the object ( with a mixture of bulk material ( and adhesive material), characterized in that the object ( is at least one layable copper pipe and / or at least one copper conduit ( which is irretrievably arranged in the structure ( by the securing structure (S), characterized in that the securing structure (S) itself forms the cover ( or. Hau 04-02-202S-408SOSO Himz P Pz s 0034PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 19 - a termination surface ( 10) which has such a distance to the cover ( has such a distance that space is available for receiving unsecured, reversibly inserted lines ( 11) or pipes. Securing structure according to claim wherein the structure ( contains unsecured, reversibly inserted lines ( 11) or pipes, characterized in that the reversibly inserted lines ( 11) or pipes - with the interposition of a support device - rest on the termination surface ( 10) of the securing structure ( S).Method for producing a safety structure at least on a structure (in particular a shaft or channel) where a receptacle ( and a cover ( the object ( or are formed), wherein the object ( the receptacle ( is inserted and the cover (4) is covered) is characterized in that a material-bonded and inseparable connection is formed between the object ( and the receptacle (). Method according to claim characterized in that the bonded connection is an adhesive bond and adhesive around which the receptacle ( is inserted, in particular cast in, and the object ( of this method according to claim characterized in that before or after or together with the insertion of the adhesive material ( bulk material ( in the form of gravel and / or and / or crushed stone and / or recycled material) the recess ( is inserted). Method according to claim wherein first bulk material and then the adhesive material is inserted, characterized in that after the. Hau 04-02-2025-4089,0601-HauP Pos-0035 PCT / DE2025 / 000016 - 20 - Introducing the object (the bulk material (introduced in such a way that it covers the object by at least 2 cm and that the adhesive 56) is then sprayed onto the bulk material (method according to claim characterized in that the bulk material (layerwise (8A, 86) and of different grain sizes is introduced into the receiving (introduced, wherein the layer (8A) adjacent to the bearing surface ( has a larger grain size, the subsequent layer (method according to claim 17 or characterized in that, before spraying the adhesive onto the bulk material (a compaction of the bulk material ( is carried out), 20. Method according to one of claims 14 characterized in that the securing structure (S) in railway operating facility construction is formed over the length of the object (using feed booms on a ballast processing machine, wherein at least the adhesive 5A, 5B) and the bulk material (displaced or mixture are placed into the receiving (introduced).

Images