Revolver cannon
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RHEINMETALL AIR DEFENCE AG
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
Smart Images
Figure EP2024072365_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Revolver cannon
[0002] The invention relates to a revolver gun according to the preamble of claim 1.
[0003] In the present application, the term "front", such as in the terms "front end position" or "front end", means close to the weapon barrel or facing the weapon barrel, and the term "rear", such as in the terms "rear end position" or "rear end", means close to the feeding device or facing the feeding device.
[0004] A revolver gun of this type is known, for example, from DE 10 2016 012 145 A1. It has a hydraulic loading device for loading the first cartridges into the revolver cylinder until, after several loading cycles, the cylinder has rotated sufficiently for the first cartridge to be in the firing position. During a loading cycle—hereinafter also referred to as the loading cycle—the loading device moves the control slide to its rear end position, from which a recoil spring then moves it back to its front end position. The speed of the control slide and thus also the rotational speed of the revolver cylinder are relatively high, so that the control cams on the revolver cylinder are easily guided over the apex of the control slide's curved control element.The invention described in this document is intended to decouple the ammunition feed from the revolver cylinder by means of a coupling during the firing of a known revolver gun when a burst of fire is to be terminated, so that no cartridge remains in the revolver cylinder after the burst has ended. This increases weapon safety and reduces operating costs.
[0005] A revolver gun of this type is also known from DE 10 2016 014 097 A1.
[0006] Furthermore, DE 102011 017 117 A1 discloses a revolver gun in which the hydraulic loading mechanism is only initiated when the fire command is given. During the loading process, the revolver cylinder rotates at approximately the speed corresponding to the weapon's normal firing rate. The trigger is released during the final loading process, allowing fire to commence without delay after the loading process.
[0007] DE 10 2008 015 892 B3 shows a control slide with a first control cam and a second control cam, the second control cam being spring-mounted. The present invention is based on the object of further improving the loading of a generic revolver gun.
[0008] According to the invention, this object is achieved in a revolver gun of the type mentioned at the outset by the characterizing features of claim 1.
[0009] The measures according to the invention make it possible to design the components required for loading extremely compactly and cost-effectively, which also simplifies maintenance of these components. Due to their inventive interaction, the second curved control elements on the revolver cylinder and the control console with the second control cam in the control slide result in a positive guide for the revolver cylinder over the apex of the first curved control element during the loading process. Shortly before the respective first control cam reaches the apex, the second control cam comes into contact with the beginning of the first section of the contact surface of the second curved control element assigned to this first control cam.By further moving the control slide towards its rear end position, the spring-loaded control console is moved from its rear control console end position towards its front control console end position, thereby tensioning the control console spring bearing in the longitudinal direction of the turret drum, whereby the second control cam - as the turret drum continues to rotate - slides along the first section of the contact surface towards its second section. The length of the first section and the spring constant of the control console spring bearing are designed such that a predetermined spring force is built up in this spring bearing in the longitudinal direction of the turret drum when the second control cam has reached the end of the first section. The spring bearing of the control console also enables tolerance compensation and thus ensures that the two curved control elements do not block each other.
[0010] When the loading device has moved the control slide to its rear end position, the first control cam is at the apex of the first curved control element. The associated second curved control element is arranged on the revolver cylinder in such a way that when the first control cam is in this position, the second control cam rests at the beginning of the second section of the contact surface of this second curved control element. The spring force of the spring bearing of the control console now presses the second control cam against the second section, which is inclined to the direction of rotation and the longitudinal direction of the revolver cylinder and faces away from the direction of rotation. The second control cam exerts a compressive force on this "inclined plane" in the longitudinal direction of the revolver cylinder, which, perpendicular to this, creates a contact force in the circumferential direction or direction of rotation of the revolver cylinder.This bearing force, acting in the direction of rotation of the turret drum, acts at a radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the turret drum and therefore generates a torque that causes the turret drum to rotate further. The second control cam slides along the second section of the contact surface, whereby the position of the second control cam in the circumferential direction of the turret drum remains unchanged and the turret drum continues to rotate instead. The spring force and spring travel of the control console spring bearing, as well as the inclination and length of the second section of the contact surface, are designed such that the first control cam is guided over the apex of the first curved control element, thereby moving the control slide back a corresponding distance toward its forward end position.After the first control cam has passed the apex, the control spool is moved completely back to the front end position by a push-back device.
[0011] Such a loading process or cycle is repeated as often as necessary, with the revolver cylinder rotating further each time and a cartridge chamber in the revolver cylinder being filled with a cartridge until the first cartridge is in the firing position. When a cartridge is fired, the combustion of the propellant also generates a gas drive for the control slide, which propels it backward to its rear end position. In conjunction with the rotation of the revolver cylinder, it overcomes the dead center and is moved back to its forward end position. The loading mechanism is not in operation during firing.
[0012] Since, according to the invention, the first control cams are forcibly moved over the dead center or apex of the first curved control element when loading the revolver cannon, the loading device no longer has to move the control slide at such a high speed as in the prior art. From this, it is known to hurl the control slide into the rear end position during loading, similar to firing operation, by means of a gas drive, i.e. by a gas pressure charge, of a pneumatic (hydraulic) loading device. In contrast, in a revolver cannon according to the invention the loading device can be electrically designed. Although an electric loading device moves the control slide significantly more slowly than a hydraulic loading device, it can be constructed in a much simpler and more compact manner. For example, accumulators for the hydraulic fluid are no longer required.Furthermore, the disadvantage of traditional pneumatic (hydraulic) loading devices, namely that they are permanently under pressure, is avoided. Furthermore, electrical parameters can be monitored more easily and effectively than pneumatic parameters. The loading device is therefore advantageously electrically operated. As already mentioned above, this measure can significantly reduce the technical complexity of the components required for a loading process. As a result, a compact arrangement of these components is also possible, thus reducing the required installation space.
[0013] The through-loading device preferably has a spindle drive with an electric motor. This makes the electric drive of the through-loading device extremely simple yet very robust.
[0014] In a favorable development of the invention, the second control cam is displaceable from an end position remote from the revolver drum to an end position near the revolver drum and back, and is spring-mounted and spring-biased into the end position remote from the revolver drum, and the loading device has, on its side facing the revolver drum, displacement and holding means which are designed to displace the second control cam from its end position remote from the revolver drum to its end position near the revolver drum before the first predetermined distance of the control slide before its rear end position and to hold it there at least up to a second predetermined distance of the control slide after its rear end position, at which second distance the second control cam rests on the end of the second section of the second curved control element, wherein the second control cam is arranged radially above the second curved control element in its end position remote from the revolver drum.This ensures that the second control cam is only moved to its end position near the revolver cylinder during the loading process and comes into contact with a second curved control element. Therefore, the second control cam and the second curved control elements are used exclusively during loading, not during firing, thus avoiding unnecessary wear on the second control cam and the second curved control elements.
[0015] Preferably, the second control cam is formed from a cam housing and a cam piston for engagement with the contact surface of the second curved control elements, wherein the cam housing is spring-mounted in the control console and is displaceable from the end position remote from the revolver drum to the end position near the revolver drum and back, and is spring-loaded in the end position remote from the revolver drum, and the cam piston is spring-mounted in the cam housing in its displacement direction transversely to the revolver drum longitudinal direction and is spring-loaded in the direction of the revolver drum to an end position, and in this end position protrudes a predetermined length from the cam housing in the direction of the revolver drum. Because the cam piston, which is designed and configured to engage with the contact surface of the second curved control elements, is spring-mounted in the cam housing in its displacement direction, iein the direction of displacement of the cam housing by a predetermined amount, tolerances between the second control cam and the revolver drum transverse to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum can be easily compensated.
[0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the displacement means of the loading device comprise a control ramp of a predetermined length and inclination for engagement with the second control cam. This measure makes it easy not only to displace the second control cam from its end position remote from the revolver drum to its end position near the revolver drum, but also to ensure that this displacement occurs exclusively during the loading process.
[0017] The inclination of the control ramp is preferably in the range of 30° to 50°, particularly preferably in the range of 35° to 45°. Within this inclination range, a rapid and relatively smooth displacement of the second control cam is achieved, i.e., without significant shock loading and the associated wear on the second control cam and the control ramp when both meet. Particularly in the range of 35° to 45°, it is ensured that the dead center of the first curved control element can be overcome with the necessary preload force, but that the preload force is not reduced excessively by the rotation of the revolver drum.
[0018] Likewise preferably, the holding means of the loading device comprise a control plateau of predetermined length which adjoins the control ramp in the direction of displacement of the control slide. As a result, with little technical effort, the second control cam is held on a predetermined displacement path of the control slide up to its rear end position and subsequently in its end position near the revolver drum, since the control plateau initially slides along the end of the second control cam remote from the revolver drum until the loading device has moved the control slide to its rear end position, and then - on the way of the loading device back to its front end position, i.e., its starting or parking position - slides in the opposite direction along the end of the second control cam remote from the revolver drum.In a favorable development of the invention, the spring constant of the control console spring bearing is in the range of 350 N / mm to 450 N / mm. This measure ensures that, on the one hand, the preload / spring force built up in the tensioned control console spring bearing is sufficiently large to continue rotating the revolver drum, and, on the other hand, the control console spring bearing is relatively cost-effective.
[0019] Preferably, the first section of every second curved control element extends over at least 10% of the circumferential length of the revolver drum. This ensures that the second control cam securely engages this section of the second curved control element and provides sufficient sliding length for the second control cam to build up a desired preload or restoring force in the spring bearing of the control console—depending on the spring constant and spring travel.
[0020] Likewise, the second section of every second curved control element preferably extends over at least 10% of the circumferential length of the revolver drum. This ensures that the second control cam has sufficient sliding length to rotate the revolver drum further, using the preload or restoring force built up in the spring bearing of the control console, until the first control cam is guided past the apex or dead center of the first curved control element.
[0021] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the return device for moving the control spool from its rear end position to its front end position comprises at least one closing spring. This feature allows the control spool to be returned to its front end position extremely easily after overcoming the apex or dead center.
[0022] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which show:
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a vertical section through part of an embodiment of a revolver cannon before the start of the loading process, with a revolver drum, an ammunition feed, a gun barrel, a control slide, a loading device and a recoil spring, the control slide being in its front end position;
[0024] Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, with the control spool on its way to its rear end position; Figure 3 is a view similar to Figures 1 and 2, with the control spool having just passed its rear end position;
[0025] Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 when the loading process has been completed, with the control slide again in its forward end position;
[0026] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the control slide from Figures 1 to 4;
[0027] Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the revolver drum from Figures 1 to 4; and
[0028] Figure ? six schematic representations of components of the revolver drum and the control slide from Figures 1 to 4 in their relative arrangement to one another at different times during a loading process.
[0029] The part of an embodiment of a revolver gun 1 according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a feeding device 2, a revolver drum 3, a control slide 4, a loading device 5, a pushing-back device 6 and a weapon barrel 7.
[0030] Figure 1 shows the relative assignment of these components to one another at time tO according to Figure 7 before the start of a loading process, with the loading device 5 and the control slide 4 in their respective front end positions near the weapon barrel 7 and with the revolver drum 3 with a cartridge chamber 8a in the 12 o'clock position and a cartridge chamber 8c in the 06 o'clock position.
[0031] The revolver drum 3 and the control slide 4 are shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6. The revolver drum 3 has first control cams 9 and second curved control elements 10. The control slide 4 has a first curved control element 11 and a control console 12 with a second control cam 13.
[0032] In the illustrated embodiment, the revolver drum 3 has four cartridge chambers 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum and are arranged offset by 90° from one another on a circular line around the revolver drum's longitudinal axis 14. When installed in a revolver gun 1, the revolver drum 3 is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis 14.
[0033] On its circumferential surface 15, it has a number of first control cams 9 corresponding to the number of cartridge chambers 8 - in the present case, four first control cams 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d - which are arranged near a front end 16 of the revolver drum 3, which faces the weapon barrel 7.
[0034] On its circumferential surface 15, the revolver drum 3 also has a number of second curved control elements 10 corresponding to the number of first control cams 9, i.e., a number corresponding to the number of cartridge chambers 8—in the present case, four 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d. These second curved control elements 10 are each assigned to a first control cam 9 and are arranged at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction of the rear end 17 of the revolver drum 3, which faces the feed device 2, also on a circular line around the revolver drum longitudinal axis 14, offset by 90° from one another.
[0035] The second curved control elements 10 each have a contact surface 18 facing the first control cam 13 and serving to engage the second control cam 13. The contact surfaces 18 each have a first section 18a and a second section 18b adjoining it in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the first section 18a runs in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum 3, i.e., at an angle of 90° to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum. It could also run obliquely in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3 toward the rear end 17 of the revolver drum 3, which faces the feed device 2, i.e., at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum that is less than 90° and greater than 0°.
[0036] The second section 18b adjoins the rear end of the first section 18a in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3 and runs obliquely, opposite to the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3, also in the direction of the rear end 17 of the revolver drum 3, which faces the feed device 2, i.e. at an angle to the revolver drum longitudinal direction which is less than 90° and greater than 0°.
[0037] The control slide 4 is shown in Figure 6. The top side 19 of the control slide is shown. Its underside 20 faces the revolver drum 3 when installed in a revolver cannon 1. A first curved control element 11 is formed on the underside 20 of the control slide 4, as can be seen from Figures 1 to 4. It is a downwardly open groove in the shape of a parabola with a starting point 11a, an apex 11b and an end point 11c, wherein the starting and end points 11a, 11c lie on a common line that runs perpendicular to the revolver drum longitudinal axis 14, and the distance between the starting and end points 11a, 11c of the developed revolver drum circumferential length between two adjacent first control cams 9a, 9b; 9b, 9c; 9c, 9d; 9d, 9a.
[0038] The apex 11b is located near a front end 21 of the control slide 4, which end faces the gun barrel 7 when the control slide 4 is installed in a revolver gun 1. The starting and end points 11a, 11c of the parabola are located at or near the rear end 22 of the control slide 4, which end faces the feed device 2 when the control slide 4 is installed in a revolver gun 1.
[0039] Near its rear end 22 and centrally between the two parabolic branches leading to the starting and end points 11a, 11c of the first curved control element 11, the control slide 4 has a through-opening 23 which extends from its upper side 19 to its underside 20 - i.e., when installed in a revolver gun 1, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum - and in which the control console 12 with the second control cam 13 is arranged. The control console 12 is displaceable in the through-opening 23 in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum. It is spring-loaded, with the fixed point 26 of the spring bearing 27 being arranged near the front end 21 of the control slide 4 and the control console 12 being preloaded towards the rear end 22 of the control slide 4.
[0040] The control console 12, in turn, also has a through-opening 28 extending from its top side to its bottom side, in which the second control cam 13 is arranged. The second control cam 13 can be displaced in this through-opening 28—when installed in a revolver gun 1—perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum from an end position remote from the revolver drum to an end position near the revolver drum and back again. It is spring-loaded in the through-opening 28 by a spiral spring 29, which is arranged in an annular space formed between the inner wall of the control console 12 and the outer wall of the second control cam 13, and is spring-loaded into the end position remote from the revolver drum.
[0041] The second control cam 13 is formed from a cam housing 30 and a cam piston 31, wherein the cam housing 30 is spring-loaded in the through-opening 28 of the control console 12 and is displaceable from the end position remote from the revolver drum to the end position near the revolver drum and back, and is spring-loaded into the end position remote from the revolver drum. The spring bearing of the cam housing 30 forms the above-mentioned spring bearing of the second control cam 13, which is designed as a spiral spring 29. In the end position remote from the revolver drum, the upper end of the cam housing 30 protrudes by a predetermined amount from the top of the through opening 28 of the control console 12 and thus from the top side 19 of the control slide 4, and the lower end of the cam housing 30 has a distance from the lower end of the control console 12 which is at least as large or is adjusted so that in the end position of the cam housing 30 near the revolver drum, its lower edge is flush with the underside of the control console 12.
[0042] The cam housing 30, in turn, has a through-opening 32 extending from its top side to its bottom side and in which the cam piston 31 is arranged. The cam piston 31 is spring-mounted in this through-opening 32 in the direction of displacement of the cam housing 30—i.e., transversely to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum—and is spring-loaded toward the revolver drum 3 in an end position. In this end position, it protrudes from the cam housing 30 by a predetermined length toward the revolver drum 3.
[0043] However, in the end position of the cam housing 30 remote from the revolver drum, the cam piston 31 does not protrude downwards, i.e., in the direction of the revolver drum 3, from the underside of the control console 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the underside of the cam piston 31 is flush with the underside of the control console 12 when the cam housing 30 is in its end position remote from the revolver drum and the cam piston 31 is in its spring-biased end position toward the revolver drum 3 (see Figures 1, 3, and 4).
[0044] In the end position of the cam housing 30 near the revolver drum, its underside is flush with the underside of the control console 12 and accordingly the cam piston 31 in its end position described above protrudes by the specified length from the cam housing 30 and the control console 12 in the direction of the revolver drum 3.
[0045] The through-opening 32 has an upper opening section and a lower opening section, the latter facing the revolver drum 3 when the control slide 4 is installed in a revolver gun 1. The two opening sections are separated from each other by an annular web that runs along the opening wall and projects from it and perpendicularly to it into the through-opening 32 by a predetermined amount.
[0046] The cam piston 31 has a piston head 33 at its upper end, which fills the upper opening section and rests with its underside on the upper side of the web, and with its upper side protrudes by a predetermined amount from the upper opening section—i.e., from the upper side of the cam housing 30. At its lower end, the cam piston 31 has a piston base 34, the outer dimensions of which correspond to the inner dimensions of the lower opening section.
[0047] Between the piston head 33 and the piston base 34, the circumferential dimensions of the cam piston 31 are smaller than the internal dimensions of the second opening section, so that an annular space 35 is formed there between the cam piston 31 and the opening wall. A spiral spring 36 is arranged in this annular space 35 as a spring bearing for the cam piston 31. The spiral spring 36 rests with one end on the underside of the web and with its other end on the top side of the piston base 34 and biases the cam piston 31 towards the revolver drum 3 into an end position. As already mentioned above, in this end position the cam piston 31, i.e. the piston base 34, protrudes by a predetermined length from the cam housing 30 towards the revolver drum 3.
[0048] In the end position of the second control cam 13 near the revolver drum, it is the piston base 34 protruding from the cam housing 30 and thus also from the control console 12 and the underside 20 of the control slide 4, by means of which the second control cam 13 comes to rest on the contact surface 18 of the respective second curved control element 10.
[0049] In its end position remote from the revolver drum, the second control cam 13 is arranged radially above the respective second curved control element 10, i.e. the underside of the piston foot 34 lies radially above the respective second curved control element 10.
[0050] The course of the first curved control element 11, the positioning of the first control cams 9 and the respectively associated second curved control elements 10 on the revolver drum 3 and the positioning of the control console 12 with the second control cam 13 in the control slide 4 are coordinated with one another in such a way that the second control cam 13, i.e. its piston base 34, displaced into its end position near the revolver drum, rests at a first predetermined distance of the control slide 4 in front of its rear end position at the beginning of the first section 18a of the contact surface 18 of the respective second curved control element 10 and rests at the beginning of the second section 18b of the contact surface 18 when the control slide 4 has reached its rear end position,
[0051] From Figures 1 to 4, it can be seen that the through-loading device 5 has a spindle drive 37, with which it moves the control slide 4 from its forward end position to its rear end position. For this purpose, the through-loading device 5 has a spindle 38 and a spindle nut 39 with a driver 40 designed to engage the control slide 4. The spindle drive 37 is equipped with an electric motor.
[0052] The spindle nut 39 has, on its side facing the revolver drum 3, displacement and holding means 41 which, in the illustrated embodiment, are designed as a control ramp 42 and a control plateau 43 and are configured to displace the second control cam 13 from its end position remote from the revolver drum to its end position near the revolver drum (here by means of the control ramp 42) before the above-mentioned first predetermined distance of the control slide 4 before its rear end position and to hold it there at least up to a second predetermined distance of the control slide 4 after its rear end position (here by means of the control plateau 43), at which second distance the second control cam 13 rests against the end of the second section 18b of the contact surface 18 of the respective second curved control element 10.
[0053] In order to move the control slide 4 from its rear end position back to its front end position, a closing spring is arranged in the illustrated embodiment as a pushing-back device 6, which spring acts on the rear end of the control slide 4 and is tensioned by moving the control slide 4 from its front end position to its rear end position by means of the through-loading device 5.
[0054] The feed device 2 and the weapon barrel 7 correspond to the state of the art. A reloading process is explained below using Figures 1 to 4 and 7.
[0055] During a loading process, a first control cam 9a of the revolver drum 3 completely passes through the first curved control element 11 of the control slide 4, ie, the parabolic groove, and thereby rotates the revolver drum 3 by 90° (Figure 7). Such a pass, ie, a resulting further rotation of the revolver drum 3, is also referred to as a loading cycle.
[0056] Figure 1 shows the state at time tO (see Figure 7) before the first charging cycle.
[0057] The control slide 4 is in its forward end position. The spindle nut 39 is also in its forward end position, and the follower 40 rests against the control slide 4. The recoil spring 6 is unloaded. The cartridge chambers 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d of the revolver cylinder 3 are empty, and one cartridge chamber 8a is in the 12 o'clock position, i.e., in front of the feed device 2, and the diametrically opposite cartridge chamber 8c is in the 12 o'clock position, i.e., behind the weapon barrel 7.
[0058] A first control cam 9a of the revolver drum 3 engages the first curved control element 11 of the control slide 4 at the starting point 11a (not visible in Figure 1). This is located at the rear end of the branch of the parabolic groove facing away from the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3, i.e., on the half of the underside 20 of the control slide 4 facing away from the direction of rotation.
[0059] The leading first control cam 9d of the revolver drum 3, adjacent in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3 (not visible in Figure 1), engages the end point 11c, which is located at the rear end of the branch of the parabolic groove 11 facing the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3. This is the position of the first control cams 9 when they have passed through the parabolic groove 11 and have rotated the revolver drum 3 by a further 90°, i.e., when a loading cycle is complete.
[0060] The control console 12 is preloaded by its spring bearing 27 into its rear end position, whereby the spring bearing 27 is relaxed in this state.
[0061] The second control cam 13 is preloaded into its end position remote from the revolver drum by its spring bearing 29, i.e., the spring bearing of the cam housing 30, whereby the spring bearing 29 is relaxed in this state. In the end position remote from the revolver drum, the second control cam 13, i.e., the cam housing 30 with the cam piston 31, projects upwards by a predetermined amount beyond the control console 12 and thus beyond the upper side 19 of the control slide 4.
[0062] Figure 2 shows the state at a time between t0 and t1 (see Figure 7).
[0063] The control slide 4 is displaced by the spindle nut 39 into a position between the front and rear end positions, wherein in this position the control console 12 and with it the second control cam 13 still have a distance from the second curved control element 10a of the revolver drum 3, which is assigned to the first control cam 9a, which is in engagement with the first curved control element 11, ie with the parabolic groove.
[0064] The revolver drum 3 has rotated further by an amount which, transversely to the revolver drum longitudinal direction, corresponds to the difference between the initial position of the first control cam 9a at the initial point 11a of the parabolic groove 11 and the position of the first control cam 9a in the parabolic groove 11 shown in Figure 2.
[0065] The second control cam 13 has already been displaced by the control ramp 42 into its end position near the revolver drum and is held by the control plateau 43 in its end position near the revolver drum until a time t4 (see Figure 7), at which the second control cam 13 is already located behind the second curved control element 10a in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3, i.e. no longer rests against the second curved control element 10a.
[0066] At time t1 (Figure 7), the control slide 4 has almost reached its rear end position at a first predetermined distance from its rear end position. With the control slide 4, the control console 12 and, with it, the second control cam 13 have been displaced in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum, and the revolver drum 3 has been rotated further to such an extent that the second control cam 13, by means of the piston base 34 of the cam piston 31, rests against the beginning of the first section 18a of the contact surface 18 of the second curved control element 10a, i.e., rests against its front end in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3. The spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 is still unloaded.
[0067] At time t2 (Figure 7), the loading device 5, i.e. the spindle nut 39, has moved the control slide 4 even further towards its rear end position, although the control slide 4 has not yet reached this position. The control console 12 with the second control cam 13 has not been moved any further in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum since time t1, since the piston base 34 rests against the first section 18a of the contact surface 18 of the second curved control element 10a and is thus blocked in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum. In contrast, the revolver drum 3 has been rotated far enough that the second control cam 13, by means of the piston base 34, rests against the end of the first section 18a of the second curved control element 10a, i.e. rests against the rear end of the first section 18a of the contact surface 18 in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3.Since, on the one hand, the control console 12 is blocked in the longitudinal direction of the revolver cylinder, but on the other hand, the control slide 4 is displaced further in the longitudinal direction of the revolver cylinder by the loading device 5, the spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 is compressed, i.e., tensioned, by a predetermined spring travel. The spring constant of the spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 is designed such that when the maximum spring travel is reached, i.e., at the end of the first section 18a of the contact surface 18 of the second curved control element 10a, a predetermined preload force is built up in the spring bearing 27. The available spring travel of the spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 must therefore be at least as large as the first predetermined distance of the control slide 4 from its rear end position.
[0068] At time t3 (Figure 7), the loading device 5, i.e., the spindle nut 39, has moved the control slide 4 to its rear end position. The first control cam 9a has thus reached the apex 11b of the parabolic groove of the first curved control element 11. This represents a dead center for the displacement path of the control slide 4 and thus also for the rotational movement of the revolver drum 3. Without further measures, the revolver drum 3 would be bistable there and could rotate in either direction or remain stationary at the dead center.
[0069] In the illustrated embodiment of a revolver drum 3 according to the invention, at time t3 the cartridge chamber 8a, which was in the 12 o'clock position at time t0, is now in the 10:30 o'clock position - i.e., rotated a further 45° - and the second control cam 13 rests by means of the piston foot 34 on the beginning of the second section 18b of the contact surface 18 of the second curved control element 10a, i.e., on the front end of the second section 18b in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3, specifically with the above-mentioned preload force built up in the spring bearing of the control console 12. Due to the orientation of the second section 18b being inclined to the circumferential direction and facing away from the desired direction of rotation, the contact force of the piston foot 34 on the contact surface of the second section 18b generates a component acting in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum 3.Since the piston base 34 maintains its position in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum 3, this component acting in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum 3 causes the revolver drum 3 to rotate and thus further moves the second curved control element 10a with the second section 18b in the direction of rotation, with the piston base 34 sliding along the contact surface of the second section 18b. In this way, a positive guide is formed for the revolver drum 3, by means of which the revolver drum 3 is rotated further past the dead center in the desired direction of rotation.
[0070] Figure 3 shows the state at time t4 (see Figure 7). The revolver drum 3 has passed the dead center, i.e. the first control cam 9a passes through the second branch of the parabolic groove of the first curved control element 11, facing the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3. The control slide 4 is thus on its way from its rear end position back to its front end position, with the loading device 5 - i.e. the spindle nut 39 with control ramp 42 and control plateau 43 - already back in its front end position and the control slide 4 being moved by the recoil spring 6 into its front end position. The control slide 4 is only just past its rear end position; however, the second control cam 13 is no longer in contact with the second curved control element 10a, so that the spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 has moved it back to its rear end position and is relaxed.The second control cam 13 has been moved from its spring bearing 29 back to its end position remote from the revolver drum; the spring bearing 29 is relaxed.
[0071] At time t5 (Figure 7), the recoil spring 6 has completely moved the control slide 4 back to its forward end position. The first control cam 9a has completely traversed the second branch of the parabolic groove of the first curved control element 11, facing the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3, to the end point 11c, thereby rotating the revolver drum 3 by a further 45°, so that the cartridge chamber 8a, which was in the 12 o'clock position at time t0 and in the 10:30 o'clock position at time t3, is now in the 0:91 o'clock position. In the entire loading cycle from t0 to t5, the revolver drum 3 has thus been rotated by a further 90°. The first control cam 9b following in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3 engages in the starting point 11a - ie in the rear end - of the branch of the parabolic groove, which is facing away from the direction of rotation of the revolver drum 3. The loading device 5, ieThe spindle nut 39 and the control slide 4 are in their respective forward end positions. The recoil spring 6 is relaxed. The control console 12 in the control slide 4 is in its rear end position; the spring bearing 27 of the control console 12 is relaxed. The second control cam 13 in the control console 12 is in its end position remote from the revolver cylinder; the spring bearing 29 of the second control cam 13 is relaxed. In this respect, this state corresponds to the state at time t0, although a loading cycle has been performed.
[0072] Figure 4 shows the state at a time t5 (see Figure 7) after further loading cycles, with cartridges 44 fed into the cartridge chamber 8 and the revolver drum 3 rotated by 90° each time. The feed device 2 has partially inserted a cartridge 44 into the cartridge chamber 8 in the 12 o'clock position. Upon further rotation of the revolver drum 3 by 90° to the 9 o'clock position, this cartridge 44 is fully inserted into the cartridge chamber 8 (not visible in Figure 4). With the subsequent 90° rotation of the revolver drum 3, this cartridge chamber 8 is rotated further to the 6 o'clock firing position. The loading of the revolver gun 1 is thus completed. List of Reference Symbols
[0073] 1 revolver cannon
[0074] 2 feeding device
[0075] 3 revolver drum
[0076] 4 control slides
[0077] 5 T hrough I ad evo rdirection
[0078] 6 Push-back device, closing spring
[0079] 7 gun barrel
[0080] 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d cartridge chamber
[0081] 9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d first control cam
[0082] 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d second curved control elements
[0083] 11 first curved control element
[0084] 11a Starting point of the first curved control element
[0085] 11b Vertex of the first curved control
[0086] 11c End point of the first curved control element
[0087] 12 Control console
[0088] 13 second control cam
[0089] 14 Revolver drum longitudinal axis
[0090] 15 Circumferential area
[0091] 16 front end of the revolver drum
[0092] 17 rear end of the revolver drum
[0093] 18 Contact surface of the second curved control elements
[0094] 18a first section of the contact area 18
[0095] 18b second section of the contact surface 18
[0096] 19 Top of the control slide
[0097] 20 Bottom of the control slide
[0098] 21 front end of the control slide
[0099] 22 rear end of the control slide
[0100] 23 Through hole in the control slide
[0101] 24
[0102] 25
[0103] 26 Fixed point of the control console spring bearing
[0104] 27 Control console spring bearing
[0105] 28 Through hole in the control console
[0106] 29 Coil spring of the spring bearing of the second control cam
[0107] 30 Cam housing cam piston
[0108] Through hole in the cam housing
[0109] piston head
[0110] piston base
[0111] Space between cam piston and the opening wall of the through hole in the cam housing
[0112] Coil spring of the cam piston spring bearing
[0113] spindle drive
[0114] spindle
[0115] spindle nut
[0116] Driver
[0117] Shifting and holding devices
[0118] control ramp
[0119] tax plateau
[0120] cartridge
Claims
Patent claims 1. A revolver gun with a revolver drum (3) which is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis (14) in a predetermined direction and has a predetermined number of first control cams (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) on its circumferential surface (15), which are evenly distributed along a line running in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum (3) and are aligned with one another, a control slide (4) which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum from a front end position to a rear end position and back, and has a first curved control element (11) with a starting point (11a), a vertex (11b) and an end point (11c), wherein the starting and end points (11a, 11c) lie on a common line which runs perpendicular to the revolver drum longitudinal axis (14), and the distance between the starting and end points (11a, 11c) the unwound revolver drum circumferential length between two adjacent first control cams (9a, 9b; 9b, 9c; 9c, 9d;9d, 9a), wherein the revolver drum (3) is rotatable relative to the control slide (4) and these are arranged in such a way with respect to one another that each first control cam (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) engages one after the other with the first curved control element (11) and passes through this from the starting point (11a) to the end point (11c) by displacing the control slide (4) from its front end position to its rear end position and back, thereby reaching the apex (11b) in the rear end position of the control slide (4), a loading device (5) which is designed to displace the control slide (4) from its front end position to its rear end position, a pushing-back device (6) which is designed to push the control slide (4) back from its rear end position to its front end position, characterized in that; the control slide (4) has a control console (12) which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum from a rear control console end position to a front control console end position and back, and which is spring-mounted (27) and spring-biased into the rear control console end position and which has a second control cam (13), the revolver drum (3) has on its circumferential surface (15) second curved control elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), the number of which corresponds to the number of first control cams (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) and which are evenly distributed along a line running in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum (3) and are aligned with one another and each have a contact surface (18) for the second control cam (13), wherein the contact surface (18) has in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum (3) successively a first Section (18a),which runs in the circumferential direction of the revolver drum (3) or is oriented at an angle to the revolver drum longitudinal direction in the direction of rotation, and a second section (18b) which adjoins the first section (18a) and is oriented at an angle to the revolver drum longitudinal direction opposite to the direction of rotation, wherein the course of the first curved control element (11), the positioning of the first control cams (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) and the respectively associated second curved control elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) on the revolver drum (3) and the positioning of the control console (12) and the second control cam (13) in the control slide (4) are coordinated with one another in such a way thatthat the second control cam (13) rests at a first predetermined distance of the control slide (4) before its rear end position at the beginning of the first section (18a) of the contact surface (18) in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum (3) and at the beginning of the second section (18b) of the contact surface (18) in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum (3) when the control slide (4) has reached its rear end position, wherein the length of the available spring travel of a control console spring bearing (27) corresponds at least to the first predetermined distance of the control slide (4) from its rear end position.
2. Revolver cannon according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading device (5) is electrically actuated. Revolver cannon according to claim 2, characterized in that the loading device (5) has a spindle drive (37) with an electric motor.
4. Revolver cannon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second control cam (13) is displaceable from an end position remote from the revolver drum to an end position near the revolver drum and back and is spring-mounted (29) and spring-biased into the end position remote from the revolver drum, the loading device (5) has, on its side facing the revolver drum (3), displacement and holding means (41) which are designed to displace the second control cam (13) from its end position remote from the revolver drum to its end position near the revolver drum before the first predetermined distance of the control slide (4) before its rear end position and to hold it there at least up to a second predetermined distance of the control slide (4) after its rear end position,at which second distance the second control cam (13) rests against the end of the second section (18b) of the contact surface (18) of a respective second curved control element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) in the direction of rotation of the revolver drum (3), wherein the second control cam (13) is arranged radially above the respective second curved control element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) in its end position remote from the revolver drum.
5. Revolver cannon according to claim 4, characterized in that the second control cam (13) is formed from a cam housing (30) and a cam piston (31) for bearing on the bearing surface (18) of the second curved control elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), wherein the cam housing (30) is spring-mounted (29) in the control console (12) and can be moved from the end position remote from the revolver drum to the end position near the revolver drum and back and is spring-biased into the end position remote from the revolver drum, and the cam piston (31) is spring-mounted (36) in the cam housing (30) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the revolver drum and is spring-biased in the direction of the revolver drum (3) into an end position and in this end position protrudes a predetermined length from the cam housing (30) in the direction of the revolver drum (3).
6. Revolver cannon according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the displacement means (41) of the loading device (5) have a control ramp (42) of predetermined length and inclination for engagement with the second control cam (13).
7. Revolver cannon according to claim 6, characterized in that the inclination of the control ramp (42) is in the range of 30° to 50° inclusive, preferably in the range of 35° to 45° inclusive.
8. Revolver cannon according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the holding means (41) of the loading device (5) have a control plateau (43) of predetermined length, which adjoins the control ramp (42) in the direction of displacement of the control slide (4).
9. Revolver gun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring constant of the control console spring bearing (27) is in the range from 350 N / mm to 450 N / mm.
10. Revolver gun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first section (18a) of the contact surface (18) of every second curved control element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) extends over at least 10% of the circumferential length of the revolver drum (3).
11. Revolver gun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second section (18b) of the contact surface (18) of each second curved control element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) extends over at least 10% of the circumferential length of the revolver drum (3).
12. Revolver cannon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pushing-back device (6) for moving the control slide (4) from its rear end position to its front end position has at least one closing spring.