Soil breaking machine for breaking a solid base

Abstract

A soil crusher for crushing a solid subsoil comprises a machine frame (12) movable on the subsoil (38) by means of a chassis and a crushing unit (24) supported on the machine frame (12). The crushing unit (24) has a crushing assembly (42) that is brought into contact with the subsoil (38) to crush it, and a crushing assembly drive (52) for generating a crushing force that acts on the crushing assembly (42) to crush the subsoil (38). The crushing assembly drive (52) is designed to generate a crushing force with a periodically varying force magnitude and an essentially unchanging force direction.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a soil crushing machine with which a solid substrate, for example a concrete slab or the like, can be broken up.

[0002] A soil crusher according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 10 2017 129 932 A1. This soil crusher, constructed in the manner of a self-propelled soil compactor, comprises a soil cultivation roller designed for breaking up a solid subsoil. The roller is rotatable about a roller axis of rotation and includes a plurality of soil cultivation beams extending in the direction of the roller axis of rotation on its outer circumference. When the machine passes over the solid subsoil to be broken up, the soil cultivation beams, arranged at a uniform circumferential distance from one another on the outer circumference of the soil cultivation roller, come into contact with the subsoil and break it up due to the resulting load.A vibration generation mechanism located inside the soil cultivation roller, operating in the manner of a vibration mechanism, can set the soil cultivation roller into vibration, thus increasing the load exerted on the solid subsoil to be broken up.

[0003] US Patent 4,439,056 discloses a soil crushing machine in which a plate-like shoe used to break up a solid subsoil is subjected to a hammer-like mechanism that strikes the subsoil to be crushed. The hammer-like mechanism has a combustion chamber into which air and fuel are introduced, similar to a diesel engine. Upon ignition of this mixture, the increasing pressure generates a force that is transmitted to the shoe, which is pressed against the subsoil to break it up.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a soil crushing machine for breaking up a solid subsoil, with which a massively constructed subsoil to be broken up can be reliably broken into defined predetermined pieces.

[0005] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a soil crushing machine for breaking up a solid subsoil, comprising: a machine frame movable on the substrate to be crushed by means of a chassis, a crushing unit carried on the machine frame with a crushing assembly to be brought into contact with the substrate in order to crush the substrate and a crushing assembly drive to generate a crushing force acting on the crushing assembly to crush the substrate,

[0006] The crushing assembly drive is designed to generate a crushing force with a periodically varying force magnitude and an essentially unchanging force direction.

[0007] The crushing assembly, which is subjected to a periodically changing but always uniformly directed crushing force, can act on the solid substrate to be broken in the manner of a pneumatic hammer, so that at a defined predetermined position, the solid substrate can be broken by the blows exerted on it by means of the crushing assembly essentially without generating fine particles.

[0008] In order to substantially prevent the transmission of corresponding impacts to the machine frame when the crushing assembly strikes the substrate to be crushed, the crushing unit can comprise an assembly housing supported on the machine frame, wherein the assembly housing is movably supported on the machine frame at least in the direction of the force.

[0009] In particular, it may be provided that the assembly housing is supported on the machine frame by means of an elastic suspension.

[0010] Considering the loads occurring during crushing operations, it is advantageous if the suspension comprises a plurality of springs, for example steel springs designed as coil springs.

[0011] To generate the crushing force directed in a defined direction and varying periodically, the crushing assembly drive can comprise a first unbalanced mass, driven to rotate about a first unbalanced axis of rotation in a first direction of rotation, with a first center of gravity of unbalanced mass eccentric to the first unbalanced axis of rotation, and a second unbalanced mass, driven to rotate about a second unbalanced axis of rotation eccentric to and parallel with the first unbalanced axis of rotation in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation, with a second center of gravity of unbalanced mass eccentric to the second unbalanced axis of rotation.wherein the first and second centers of gravity of the unbalance mass are positioned essentially mirror-symmetrically for each rotational position with respect to a plane of symmetry orthogonal to a line of distance between the two unbalance axes of rotation and intersecting this plane centrally between the two unbalance axes of rotation. The crushing assembly drive essentially acts as a vibration generation mechanism, producing a periodically changing, directed force acting on the crushing assembly and, via this, on the solid substrate to be crushed.

[0012] To set the unbalance masses in motion or to keep them in motion, an unbalance drive, for example comprising at least one hydraulic motor or electric motor, can be provided to drive the first and second unbalance masses to rotation.

[0013] To produce comparatively large fragments of the substrate to be crushed, the crushing assembly can have a crushing section that is elongated in the direction of a crushing line.

[0014] For this purpose, it can be provided that the crushing assembly comprises a crushing beam with a crushing edge providing the crushing section, and / or that the crushing assembly comprises a plurality of crushing elements, preferably chisel-like, arranged successively in the direction of the crushing line and providing the crushing section.

[0015] For efficient transmission of the breaking force to the breaking assembly, it can be positioned so that the breaking line extends in the direction of the unbalance rotation axes and is essentially positioned in the plane of symmetry.

[0016] For a simple design, the breaking section can be mounted on the assembly housing. This allows the number of components required for force transmission and, if necessary, damping, to be kept to a minimum.

[0017] In order to be able to move the crushing unit into an operating position or into an out-of-operation position, it is proposed that the assembly housing be supported on a machine frame part of the machine frame that can be moved towards and away from the floor to be crushed.

[0018] To move the soil crusher, designed as a self-propelled machine, over the solid ground to be crushed, the machine frame can comprise a rear machine frame and a front machine frame, preferably pivotable about a steering axis with respect to the rear machine frame, wherein a drive unit and / or an operator's platform is provided on the rear machine frame and the crushing unit is supported on the front machine frame.

[0019] Furthermore, the chassis can include wheels on the rear vehicle machine frame, preferably driven wheels, and wheels on the front vehicle machine frame, preferably non-driven wheels.

[0020] If the machine frame is elongated in a longitudinal direction that essentially corresponds to the direction of travel of the soil crusher, and the crushing line is arranged essentially orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of travel, fracture lines can be gradually created by successively moving the soil crusher in the direction of travel, at which the solid subsoil to be crushed is broken into fragments of defined size.

[0021] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. These show: Fig. 1 a side view of a self-propelled soil crusher with a crushing unit; Fig. 2 a side view of the crushing unit of the soil crusher Fig. 1 in direction II in Fig. 3 in principle; Fig. 3 a front view of the crushing unit in viewing direction III in Fig. 2 .

[0022] In Fig. 1 A self-propelled soil crusher is generally designated by 10. The soil crusher 10 comprises a machine frame 12, which is generally divided into a rear machine frame 14 and a front machine frame 16 pivotally connected to the rear machine frame 14 about a steering axis. A drive unit, for example a diesel engine or an electric motor, is provided on the rear machine frame 14, by which drive drive wheels 18 provided on the rear machine frame 14 to rotate in order to move the soil crusher 10, which is elongated in a longitudinal direction L of the machine frame, in a direction of travel F or opposite to the direction of travel. Furthermore, an operator's platform 20 is provided on the rear machine frame 14, in which an operator can be located to operate the soil crusher 10.

[0023] Wheels 22 of a chassis 23 are provided on the front-carry machine frame 16. These wheels can be rigidly mounted on the front-carry machine frame 16, i.e., not steerable. In this case, the soil crusher 10 is steered, for example, by pivoting the front-carry machine frame 16 relative to the rear-carry machine frame 14. In an alternative configuration, the front-carry machine frame 16 and the rear-carry machine frame 14 can be rigidly connected to each other or form a single unit on which, for example, the wheels 22 provided on the front-carry machine frame 16 are pivotably mounted for steering the soil crusher 10.

[0024] A crushing unit, generally designated 24, is mounted on the front-carry machine frame 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the machine frame between the wheels 22 provided on the front-carry machine frame 16 and the wheels 18 provided on the rear-carry machine frame 14. For this purpose, the front-carry machine frame 16 has a machine frame section 30 that is movable via a joint mechanism 26 and a lifting mechanism 28 essentially in a vertical direction H, which can be essentially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction L of the machine frame. A box-like assembly housing 32 of the crushing unit 24 is mounted on the machine frame section 30 by means of a plurality of coil springs 36, for example made of steel, which provide an elastic suspension 34. The crushing unit 24 is movably mounted on the machine frame section 30 at least in the vertical direction H, and preferably also in the longitudinal direction L of the machine frame.

[0025] A crushing assembly 42 is mounted on a lower surface 40 of the assembly housing 32, facing a substrate 38 to be crushed. The crushing assembly 42 can, as shown in Fig. 3 As shown on the left, the crushing beam 44 comprises a substantially continuous crushing beam, which, with a crushing edge 46 directed towards the subsoil 38 to be crushed, provides a crushing section 48 elongated in the direction of a crushing line B. The crushing line B is oriented substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction L of the machine frame and also orthogonal to the vertical direction H, and thus extends substantially transversely to the direction of travel F over substantially the entire width of the soil crusher 10.

[0026] During a Fig. 3 In the modified embodiment shown on the right, the crushing assembly 42' can comprise a plurality of chisel-like crushing elements 50 arranged successively in the direction of the crushing line B', which together form the crushing section 48' of the crushing assembly 42' with crushing edges 46' or crushing points or the like, which are directed towards the substrate 38 to be crushed. The crushing elements 50 can be detachably mounted on the assembly housing 32, so that if they become worn after prolonged operation, the individual crushing elements 50, for example those shaped like chisels, can be easily replaced.

[0027] In order to exert a load that breaks up the substrate 38 by means of the crushing assembly 42, the crushing unit 24 further comprises a crushing assembly drive 52. The crushing assembly drive 52 generates a periodically varying crushing force K, which has a direction that is, for example, unchangeable with respect to the assembly housing 32 and, in the illustrated example, lies in a plane of symmetry E. For this purpose, the crushing assembly drive 52 comprises a first unbalance mass 56, which can be driven by an unbalance drive 54 to rotate about a first unbalance axis of rotation D 1 in a first direction of rotation R 1, and which has a first center of gravity of unbalance mass M 1 eccentric to the first axis of rotation D 1.The crushing assembly drive 52 further comprises a second unbalanced mass 58, which can be driven by the unbalanced drive 54 to rotate in a second direction of rotation R2 opposite to the first direction of rotation R1 about a second axis of rotation D2, which is located at a distance from and parallel to a line of distance A relative to the first axis of rotation D1. The second unbalanced mass 58 has a second center of gravity M2, which is arranged eccentrically to the second axis of rotation D2. The line of distance A is oriented essentially in the direction of the longitudinal direction L of the machine frame.

[0028] The phase relationship of the two unbalanced masses 56, 58, or rather their centers of mass M1, M2, with respect to each other, is set such that for every rotational position of the two unbalanced masses 56, 58, which rotate in opposite directions and at the same speed, their centers of mass M1, M2 are positioned essentially symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry E, which is oriented orthogonally to the distance line A. This results in a refractive force K lying in the plane of symmetry E when the two unbalanced masses 56, 58 are rotated. The orientation of this force changes periodically, alternating downwards in the vertical direction H, i.e., towards the substrate 38 to be broken, and upwards, i.e., away from the substrate 38 to be broken.This periodically changing, oscillating crushing force H exerts a periodically impacting crushing force K on the crushing assembly 42 when the crushing edge 46 contacts the substrate 38 to be crushed. This causes the crushing assembly 42 to act on the substrate 38 in the manner of a pneumatic hammer, crushing it at a defined position along the crushing line B. Since the crushing unit 24 of the soil crusher 10 is supported on the machine frame 12 by means of the elastic suspension 34, the transmission of significant impact force components to the machine frame 12 is largely prevented. This increases the comfort for an operator familiar with the crusher 10.

[0029] As in Fig. 3 To exert a force that is essentially uniform in the direction of the crushing line B, each of the unbalanced masses 56, 58 can comprise several unbalanced mass components 62, 64, 66 arranged at, for example, uniform intervals along an unbalanced shaft 60 extending in the direction of the respective axis of rotation D1, D2. The unbalanced shafts 60 of the two unbalanced masses 56, 58 can be driven by the unbalanced drive 54, for example, via a belt drive or a gear drive. The unbalanced drive 54 can, for example, comprise a hydraulic motor supplied by the hydraulic system of the soil crusher 10, which drives both unbalanced masses 56, 58 to rotate. In the case of an electro-hydraulic design of the drive system of the soil crusher 10, the unbalanced drive 54 can likewise comprise a hydraulic motor, or possibly an electric motor.Furthermore, the unbalance drive 54 can include its own unbalance motor in association with each unbalance mass 56, 58.

[0030] As in Fig. 1 As illustrated in connection with the first unbalanced mass 56, the floor crusher 10 can be successively moved to predefined predetermined breaking points 68 to break the substrate 38, for example, a concrete slab or the like. Once such a predetermined breaking point 68 is reached, the floor crusher 10 stops and the frame section 30 is lowered from a raised, out-of-service position, so that the crushing assembly 42 with its crushing edge 46 comes into contact with the substrate 38 to be broken. At or even before contact occurs between the crushing assembly 42 and the substrate 38 to be broken at a predetermined breaking point 68, the crushing assembly drive 42 is activated to periodically apply the crushing force K to the crushing assembly 42 and thus strike it against the substrate to be broken. The force transmission is particularly efficient because, as shown in Fig. 2to recognize that the breaking edge 46 or the breaking line B lies essentially in the plane of symmetry E.

[0031] Since the assembly drive 52 is only to be operated when the crushing assembly 42 is in contact with the subsoil 38 for crushing it, and in these phases the soil crusher 10 is stationary, i.e. no energy is required to move it over the subsoil 38, the drive unit provided for supplying energy to the soil crusher 10 can be comparatively small and still provide energy for driving the crushing assembly 42 in soil crushing operation without comparatively large amounts of energy.

[0032] If the soil crusher 10 is equipped with sensors that provide information about its position on the subsoil 38 to be crushed, it is possible to operate the soil crusher 10 in a largely automated manner. For example, a GPS system can be used to provide this position information, and using a previously defined plan for the location of the target crushing points 68, this information can be used to move the soil crusher 10 successively to these target crushing points 68 and perform a soil crushing operation at each of them.Such automated operation of the soil crusher 10 also makes it possible to adapt the soil crushing operation to potentially changing conditions of the subsoil 38, such as a changing thickness of the subsoil 38, taking into account known data about the condition of the subsoil to be crushed. The energy supplied to the soil crusher 10 can thus be optimally adapted to the soil crushing operation to be carried out.

[0033] In the case of the soil crusher 10, it can further be provided that, in order to change the direction in which the crushing assembly 42 acts on the subsoil 38 to be crushed, the crushing unit 24 can be pivoted, for example, about an axis parallel to the axes of rotation D 1 or D 2, so that the direction in which the crushing unit 42 acts on the subsoil 38 to be crushed, i.e. the direction of force K, is not, for example, oriented exactly in the vertical direction H, but may be oriented in the direction of travel F or opposite to it.

Claims

1. Soil crusher for breaking up a solid subsoil, comprising: - a machine frame (12) movable on the subsoil (38) by means of a chassis (23), - a crushing unit (24) supported on the machine frame (12) with a crushing assembly (42) to be brought into contact with the subsoil (38) for breaking up the subsoil (38) and a crushing assembly drive (52) for generating a crushing force (K) acting on the crushing assembly (42) to break up the subsoil (38), characterized by the fact that The crushing assembly drive (52) is designed to generate a crushing force (K) with a periodically varying force magnitude and essentially unchangeable force direction.

2. Soil crusher according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the crushing unit (24) comprises an assembly housing (32) mounted on the machine frame (12), wherein the assembly housing (32) is mounted on the machine frame (12) so as to be movable at least in the direction of the force.

3. Soil crusher according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the assembly housing (32) is supported on the machine frame (12) by means of an elastic suspension (34).

4. Soil crusher according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the suspension (34) comprises a plurality of springs (36).

5. Soil crusher according to one of claims 1-4, characterized by the fact thatThe crushing assembly drive (52) comprises a first unbalance mass (56) that can be driven to rotate about a first unbalance axis (D1) in a first direction of rotation (R1) and has a first center of gravity of unbalance mass (M1) that is eccentric with respect to the first unbalance axis (D1), and a second unbalance mass (58) that can be driven to rotate about a second unbalance axis (D2) that is eccentric with respect to the first unbalance axis (D1) and parallel to it in a second direction of rotation (R2) opposite to the first direction of rotation (R1) and has a second center of gravity of unbalance mass (M2) that is eccentric with respect to the second unbalance axis (D2), wherein the first center of gravity of unbalance mass (M1) and the second center of gravity of unbalance mass (M2) are orthogonal with respect to a distance line (A) between the two unbalance axes of rotation (D1, D2) and this line is centrally located between the two unbalance axes of rotation (D1, D2). D2) intersecting plane of symmetry (E) for each rotation position are essentially positioned in a mirror-symmetric manner.

6. Soil crusher according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that a eccentric drive (54) is provided which drives the first unbalance mass (56) and the second unbalance mass (58) to rotate.

7. Soil crusher according to one of claims 1-6, characterized by the fact that the crushing assembly (42) has a crushing section (48) extending in the direction of a crushing line (B).

8. Soil crusher according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the crushing assembly (42) comprises a crushing beam (44) with a crushing edge (46) providing the crushing section (48), and / or the crushing assembly (42) comprises a plurality of crushing elements (50) arranged successively in the direction of the crushing line (B'), providing the crushing section (48'), preferably chisel-like.

9. Soil crusher according to claim 7 or 8, insofar as it refers back to claim 5, characterized by the fact thatthe breaking line (B) extends in the direction of the unbalance rotation axes (D1, D2) and is essentially positioned in the plane of symmetry (E).

10. Soil crusher according to one of claims 7-9, insofar as it refers back to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the crushing section (48; 48') is carried on the assembly housing (32).

11. Soil crusher according to claim 2 or one of claims 3-10, insofar as it refers back to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the assembly housing (32) is supported on a machine frame part (30) of the machine frame (12) which can be moved towards and away from the substrate (38) to be broken.

12. Soil crusher according to one of claims 1-11, characterized by the fact thatThe machine frame (12) comprises a rear machine frame (14) and a front machine frame (16), preferably pivotable about a steering axis with respect to the rear machine frame (14), a drive unit and / or an operator's station (20) being provided on the rear machine frame (14), and the crushing unit (24) being supported on the front machine frame (16).

13. Soil crusher according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the chassis comprises wheels (18) on the rear vehicle machine frame (14), preferably driven, and wheels (22) on the front vehicle machine frame (16), preferably non-driven.

14. Soil crusher according to claim 9 or any of claims 10-13, insofar as it refers back to claim 9, characterized by the fact thatthe machine frame (12) is elongated in a machine frame longitudinal direction (L) that essentially corresponds to a direction of travel (F) of the soil crusher (10), and that the crushing line (B) is arranged essentially orthogonally to the machine frame longitudinal direction (L).

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