Construction element for a building element

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural element (8) for a building element (7), in particular for a wall (2) and / or a ceiling (3) of a building (1), comprising a first base body (9) comprising a pressed material (11) with plant fibers, preferably consisting of pressed material (11) with plant fibers, wherein the first base body (9) has a structure (16), in particular a stiffening structure, with at least one molded elongated depression (17) and / or protrusion (43). The invention further relates to a building element (7) comprising a structural element (8), a building, and a method for manufacturing a building element (7) in the form of a wall (2) or a ceiling (3).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building element for a building element, in particular for a wall and / or a ceiling of a building, comprising a first base body which has a pressed material with plant fibers.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a building element comprising such a building element and to a building. In addition, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a building element in the form of a wall and in the form of a ceiling.

[0003] Walls and ceilings of buildings, especially residential buildings, are often constructed from bricks and concrete. However, a disadvantage of these materials is that their production consumes significant amounts of non-renewable resources and is therefore neither environmentally friendly nor sustainable. In addition, the production of bricks and concrete requires a high energy input, which places an additional burden on the environment and can lead to significant fluctuations in the production costs of these building materials, partly due to direct and indirect geopolitical influences on energy markets.

[0004] As a more environmentally friendly alternative to solid construction with bricks and concrete, timber construction is gaining increasing importance. One advantage of timber buildings is the high degree of prefabrication, meaning that many building elements, especially walls and ceilings, are prefabricated in a factory and only need to be assembled on the construction site. Nevertheless, even in the field of traditional timber construction, there are efforts to develop further and sometimes unconventional alternatives that enable resource-efficient, ecological, and cost-effective building.

[0005] It is known from the prior art, for example, to construct houses from Euro pallets. AT 506 044 B1 discloses a building in which the exterior walls, interior walls, floor slabs, and ceilings are made of Euro pallets. Electrical and plumbing installations as well as insulation can be arranged in the space between two parallel Euro pallets. A building made of Euro pallets is also known from AT 509 378 B1.

[0006] In DE 78 11 942 U1, a prefabricated, demountable house made of chipboard is further disclosed.

[0007] Another modular wooden house is shown in EP 0 641 901 A1.

[0008] CH 516 443 A discloses a one-piece transport pallet made from a mixture of organic fibers.

[0009] WO 2017 / 017031 A2 describes walls made of Euro pallets.

[0010] WO 2004 / 037742 relates to a process for producing a plant-based building material and a resulting building material.

[0011] In light of these considerations, the object of the present invention is to mitigate or even completely eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. Preferably, the object of the present invention is to provide a component for a building element of the type mentioned above, which is inexpensive to manufacture, easy to install, and particularly stable. Furthermore, it is preferably an object of the invention to enable a high degree of prefabrication for the building elements.

[0012] This problem is solved by a building element according to claim 1. Claim 8 specifies a building element. Claim 13 defines a building. Claims 14 and 15 relate to a method for manufacturing a building element.

[0013] According to the invention, a building element of the type mentioned above is provided in that the first base body has a structure, in particular a stiffening structure, with at least one molded-in elongated depression and / or bulge. This stiffening structure gives the building element, made of a molded material containing plant fibers, high stability, particularly against bending and twisting of the first base body. This advantageously allows for the creation of particularly robust and durable building elements such as walls and ceilings, which are also environmentally friendly due to the use of plant fibers. The structure, in particular the at least one elongated depression and / or bulge, is molded into the first base body, in particular into a base surface of the first base body. The at least one depression and / or bulge is therefore preferably formed integrally with the first base body or the base surface.In other words, the at least one depression and / or bulge is integrally formed with the first base body or base surface. The base surface extends parallel to a principal plane of extension of the first base body and is preferably essentially flat, with the exception of the at least one depression and / or bulge. To dissipate forces acting from different directions, the structure can extend in several different directions along the first base body, thus stabilizing the first base body against bending and twisting in various directions. For example, the structure can have depressions and / or bulges extending radially outwards from a center point on the base surface.Additionally or alternatively, recesses and / or bulges extending essentially transversely to each other may also be provided, which may, for example, be oriented parallel to the side edges of the first base body. The recesses and bulges may also coincide, since a recess on one side of the first base body, in particular on one side of the base surface, may simultaneously represent a bulge on the other side of the base body or on the other side of the base surface. It is preferred if bulges are provided on one side of the base body and recesses on the other side. In a particularly preferred embodiment, only bulges are provided on the first side of the base body and only recesses on the second side.A pattern of protrusions on the first side of the first base body can essentially correspond to a pattern of depressions on the second side of the first base body. However, it is also possible that a depression on the second side does not result in a protrusion on the first side. This can be the case, for example, if the base of the first base body is thicker than the depth of the depression. The base body can therefore also have only depressions. The at least one depression and / or protrusion is preferably straight. However, it is also possible that the at least one depression and / or protrusion is curved. The shape, in particular the cross-sectional shape, of the at least one depression and / or protrusion can be essentially the same along its longitudinal extent, possibly with the exception of the end regions.It is advantageous if the at least one depression and / or protrusion has a round, for example, at least semi-circular, or at least rounded cross-sectional shape. If the structure has at least one depression, which is preferably provided, this can enable the receipt and guidance of an electrical, data, and / or plumbing line. As already mentioned, the structure can have several depressions and / or protrusions, which can be arranged parallel, obliquely, and / or transversely to one another. In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one depression and / or protrusion can extend from a first lateral edge of the first base body to a second lateral edge of the first base body. If at least one depression is provided, a junction box for an electrical and / or data line or a water connection element for a plumbing line can also be inserted into it in one embodiment of the invention.The length of the first basic body can be at least 80 cm. The width of the first basic body can be at least 80 cm. The depth of the first basic body can be at least 2.5 cm. The first basic body can, for example, have a length between 80 cm and 350 cm, a width between 80 cm and 350 cm, and a depth between 2.5 cm and 40 cm. The length of the first basic body refers to a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first basic body, which lies in the principal plane of extension. The width refers to an axis in the principal plane of extension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The depth refers to an axis perpendicular to the principal plane of extension. The base of the first basic body can, for example, be substantially rectangular. The first basic body contains the pressed material with plant fibers. The plant fibers represent a renewable raw material and are produced from plant material.Wood fibers or grasses are particularly preferred as plant fibers. Other plants, such as hemp, can also be used to produce plant fibers. Plant fibers from grass can also be referred to as grass fibers. The plant fibers are impregnated in a matrix material and cured together with it. A pressed wood material containing wood fibers is particularly preferred as the pressing material. However, a pressing material containing grass fibers is also possible. In one embodiment of the invention, the first base body can consist exclusively of the pressing material containing plant fibers. In another embodiment of the invention, the first base body can consist of pressing material containing plant fibers, to which, however, cement, resin, plastic fibers, and / or metal fibers may be added, for example. The plant fibers of the pressed wood material are non-directional, i.e.,The plant fibers are not aligned parallel to each other. In other words, they point in all directions. This, combined with the structure, creates a particularly stable component that withstands transverse, longitudinal, and torsional loads. A suitable matrix material for bonding the plant fibers can be, for example, an adhesive, preferably a melamine resin adhesive, a melamine-urethane-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive, a urea adhesive, a resorcinol resin adhesive, or a polyurethane resorcinol resin adhesive (PUR). Alternatively, a polyurethane material can be used as the matrix material. If wood fibers are used in the pressed material, suitable wood sources include spruce, fir, pine, and bamboo. Hemp fibers, reeds, straw, and hay are also suitable plant fibers.

[0014] Unless otherwise stated, directional information in this disclosure refers to the state of use of the component. When used to construct a wall, the component, in particular the first basic body, is arranged substantially vertically, i.e., parallel to the acceleration due to gravity. When the component is used to construct a ceiling, it, or the first basic body, is arranged substantially horizontally.

[0015] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the structure has at least one elongated recess formed in the first base body, which is designed to accommodate an electrical, data, and / or plumbing line of the building. In a cross-section considering at least one recess, the electrical, data, and / or plumbing line can be accommodated in the recess to at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 80%, preferably substantially completely. The cross-sectional shape of the recess can be at least partially round or polygonal. The electrical line can be a power line, in particular a low-voltage line with at least two, preferably three, conductors, which can, for example, carry a nominal RMS voltage of substantially 230 V (single-phase).The electrical cable can also be a three-phase cable with, for example, four or five conductors. The data cable can be, for example, an Ethernet cable or a fiber optic cable. Both the electrical cable and the data cable can be routed in a hose or a tube. The hose or tube can be inserted into the at least one recess. In one embodiment of the invention, the component can already have a hose or tube for the electrical and / or data cable in the at least one recess, which further increases the degree of prefabrication of the building element to be erected. The electrical or data cable can then be pulled through on the construction site. In a further development of the invention, it is possible for the component to already have an electrical and / or data cable in the at least one recess.These components can be pre-installed at the factory, further increasing the degree of prefabrication. On the construction site, the pre-installed electrical and / or data lines can then be connected to other electrical and / or data lines. The sanitary line, for example, can be for heating or a water connection. In any case, the sanitary line is designed to convey a fluid, particularly a liquid. In one embodiment of the invention, the component may also have a pipe in at least one recess, which can be connected on-site to another pipe, a water connection, and / or a water supply.

[0016] To accommodate electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines, it is advantageous for at least one recess to have a depth of at least 15 mm. Even more preferably, the recess has a depth of at least 20 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 35 mm, or at least 40 mm. It is particularly advantageous if, at every point except the end regions, the at least one recess has a depth of at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 35 mm, or at least 40 mm along its longitudinal extent when viewed in cross-section. The depth, when viewed in cross-section, refers to the vertical offset between the surrounding base surface of the first base body and the deepest point of the recess. It is also advantageous if the at least one recess has a width of at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 35 mm, or at least 40 mm when viewed in cross-section.The width refers to a direction perpendicular to the depth. It is particularly advantageous if at least one depression, with the exception of its end regions, has a width of at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 35 mm, or at least 40 mm along its longitudinal extent when viewed in cross-section.

[0017] A particularly stable component is obtained when the pressed material contains plant fibers with a target length of at least 20 mm. Preferably, the target length of the plant fibers is at least 25 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 35 mm, or at least 40 mm. The target length refers to the length of the plant fibers that predominate in the material. However, due to the production processes, it cannot be ruled out that shorter plant fibers are also present in the initial base material.

[0018] Preferably, however, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90% of the plant fibers have the target length.

[0019] To increase the stability of the first base body, metal, glass, and / or plastic fibers may be added to the molding material. The metal fibers could be, for example, steel fibers. The metal fibers could have a target length of at least 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, or 40 mm. The plastic fibers could be, for example, polypropylene. The plastic fibers and / or glass fibers could also have a target length of at least 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, or 40 mm. The proportion of metal, glass, and / or plastic fibers could, for example, be at least 5% or at least 10% of all fibers in the molding material.

[0020] In one embodiment of the invention, cement may be added to the pressing material containing plant fibers of the first base body. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in combination with metal and / or plastic fibers, as it creates a particularly stable first base body. The cement may be added to the pressing material. It is advantageous that the addition of cement as well as plastic and / or metal fibers allows for a modulus of elasticity of at least 6000 N / mm², and in particular at least 6700 N / mm², of the first base body.

[0021] It is advantageous with regard to the connection and routing of electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines if the first base body has an outer surface and at least one recess is arranged on this outer surface and extends towards an inner surface. The arrangement of the at least one recess on the outer surface makes it easily accessible, allowing the electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines to be easily inserted, secured, and connected. In this embodiment, the at least one recess extends into the component. It is preferred if the outer surface of the component is intended to face a room within the building, so that the at least one recess is accessible from that room.

[0022] For creating cavities, it is advantageous if the first base body has at least one projection extending from a base surface, preferably forming a single unit with the base surface and creating a receiving space. If the projection forms a receiving space, a junction box for an electrical and / or data cable can be inserted into it, for example. It is also possible, for instance, to insert a water connection element or a fitting for a sanitary pipe into the receiving space. The at least one projection can serve as a spacer to a further base body, for example, to create an insulating space for insulating material. The at least one projection can, for example, have a length of at least 30 mm, at least 40 mm, or at least 50 mm extending from the base surface of the first base body.The at least one projection can, for example, have a length of 50 mm to 80 mm, extending away from the base of the first basic body.

[0023] A structural element advantageous for wall construction is achieved when the element comprises a second base body that is arranged essentially parallel to the first base body. The second base body can also consist of or be made of pressed material with plant fibers. In particular, the base surfaces of the first and second base bodies are aligned essentially parallel to each other. The second base body can be designed essentially the same as the first base body. "Essentially the same" also includes embodiments in which the at least one recess or protrusion of the base bodies has a different orientation or dimensions. "Same" means that the two base bodies have the same elements. In one embodiment, the first and second base bodies are essentially identical.The two base bodies can be arranged in a mirrored configuration around a central plane of the component. If the second base body also has a recess, this recess may, but need not, be used to guide electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines. In one embodiment, the second base body can also be designed without any recess or bulge. For example, the base surface of the second base body can be a flat plate without any bulge or recess.

[0024] To achieve a high level of insulation, it is advantageous to have an insulation cavity between the first and second base structures. This cavity contains insulating material, preferably in individual, especially granulated, form. For example, blown-in insulation can be used. The insulating material can be cellulose or mineral wool. Wood fiber, wood shavings, or insulating foam can also be used. Insulating foam offers the advantage of being difficult to ignite. Furthermore, once hardened, the foam can provide additional structural support. The blown-in insulation can be introduced into the cavity using compressed or suction air. The insulation cavity can have a maximum width between the base structures of at least 100 mm to 300 mm.Preferably, the maximum width is located between the base surfaces of the first and second base bodies. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first base body has one or more projections that are opposite each other. These projections can thus serve as spacers. Alternatively, spacer elements can be attached to the first and second base bodies.

[0025] To allow the introduction of granulated insulating material, it is advantageous for the first base body to have a completely closed surface. The base of the first base body is therefore particularly preferably free of openings, i.e., free of openings or holes, especially through-holes, extending from one side of the base body to the other. In particular, the at least one depression and / or protrusion also has no openings or holes. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the base body may have openings or holes, which, however, are closable or closed by means of covers.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, the first base body is a pressed wood pallet. It has been found that the shape of pressed wood pallets is particularly well-suited as a first base body, and preferably also as a second base body. Advantageously, pressed wood pallets can thus be used in a variety of ways. It is possible that these are already used pressed wood pallets that have previously served another purpose, e.g., for transporting goods, and are now being repurposed as a building component. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, the pressed wood pallet can be a recycled pressed wood pallet. The invention thus also relates to the use of pressed wood pallets, in particular recycled pressed wood pallets, as the first and / or second base body for the building component described above.

[0027] The invention further relates to a building element, in particular a wall or a ceiling, comprising a structural element of the type described above. If the building element is designed as a wall, it can be connected to other walls, a floor, and / or a ceiling. If the building element is designed as a ceiling, it can be connected to one or more walls. Furthermore, the ceiling can also function as a floor for another story.

[0028] Preferably, the structure forms at least one recess into which an electrical, data, and / or plumbing line is at least partially enclosed. The electrical, data, and / or plumbing line may be partially or completely enclosed in the at least one recess when viewed in cross-section. It is preferred if, in a cross-section of the at least one recess, the electrical, data, and / or plumbing line is enclosed to at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90%. It is also preferred if the electrical, data, and / or plumbing line is guided in the at least one recess substantially along its entire length. If the first base body has several recesses, electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines may also be enclosed in these recesses. It is also possible that, if several recesses are provided, the same electrical, data, and / or plumbing line is enclosed in all of them.

[0029] To create larger building elements, at least two preferably identical building elements can be connected to each other at their side edges via at least one connecting element. Connecting elements can include, for example, connecting plates that are attached to the building elements by means of screws, nails, or rivets. For load transfer, support elements can also be provided, which are integrated into the building element and connected to it. These support elements can serve as connecting elements between building elements or as connecting elements between the base bodies of a building element.

[0030] In a first embodiment of the building element, the element is designed as a wall, with at least one recess located on the outer surface of the first base body facing a room of the building. A cover element and / or plaster is provided on the outer surface of the building element to conceal the recess and any electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines at least partially contained therein. The wall can, for example, be an interior or exterior wall of the building. A plasterboard or a wooden panel can be used as the cover element. Furthermore, the building element can be fitted with thermal insulation, a wind barrier, and / or a vapor barrier.

[0031] For thermal insulation, it is preferred that the building element has a first and a second base body, which are arranged essentially parallel to each other, with an insulating space formed between the first and the second base body. This insulating space contains insulating material, preferably in individual pieces, particularly in granulated form. Individual cellulose insulation can be used as the insulating material. The individual pieces of cellulose insulation are only a few millimeters or a few centimeters in size. However, other insulating materials, such as rigid foam, mineral wool, or calcium silicate, can also be used. Rigid foam can, for example, consist of polystyrene (PS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), or polyurethane (PUR). The insulating material can be inserted into the insulating space in individual pieces, particularly granulated, or in board form.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment of the building element, it is designed as a ceiling. The building element according to the invention is arranged essentially horizontally and preferably bonded to concrete. The concrete can be poured onto the building element from above. In one embodiment of the invention, reinforcement can be placed in at least one recess of the first base body. A suspended ceiling can be attached to the building element on its underside. The suspended ceiling can, for example, consist of wood or gypsum plasterboard. One or more electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines can run in the space between the suspended ceiling and the building element. In one embodiment, these lines can be accommodated in one or more recesses of the building element.

[0033] A building, in particular a multi-story building, is also disclosed, comprising at least one building element, in particular at least one wall and / or at least one ceiling, wherein the building element is designed according to the type described above. An advantage of the building element according to the invention is that it is particularly stable and therefore multi-story buildings can be erected using the building elements according to the invention. It is preferred if the building comprises several building elements of the type described above. In particular, one or more building elements of the type described above can be provided in at least two, at least three, or at least four stories of the building. In a particular embodiment of the invention, all walls, in particular all exterior walls and / or interior walls, and ceilings can be designed according to the type described above.

[0034] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a building element in the form of a wall, comprising the steps: i) Providing a building element of the type described above; ii) Erecting the first base body so that it is substantially vertically oriented; iii) Optionally introducing insulating material into an insulating space of the building element, in particular by blowing in the insulating material; iv) Arranging an electrical, data and / or sanitary line on the building element, preferably in the at least one recess; v) Covering the building element with a cover element and / or plaster.

[0035] In step i), the component can be provided at a construction site, for example, by transport from a factory to the site. In step ii), the base body is positioned essentially vertically. Step iii) is an optional step that can be performed to achieve thermal and acoustic insulation. If the insulation material was already incorporated during the manufacturing of the component and is therefore already included, step iii) is no longer necessary at the construction site. Step iii) can also be omitted if insulation is neither desired nor required. In step iv), the electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines are attached to the component. The electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines can also be secured, for example, using mounting brackets or clamps. The electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines are preferably inserted into at least one recess in the first base body.The electrical and / or data cable can, for example, be routed within a hose or pipe attached to the building component, in particular into which at least one recess is inserted. In step v), one or more cover elements and / or plaster are applied to the building component. As an additional step, external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), a wind barrier, and / or a vapor barrier may be applied to the building component. The steps listed may, but do not have to, be carried out in the specified order. For example, the optional step iii) can also be carried out in parallel with, or after, step iv) or step v).

[0036] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a building element in the form of a ceiling, comprising the following steps: i) Providing a building element of the type described above; ii) Erecting the first base body so that it is substantially horizontally oriented, preferably with the aid of supports; iii) Arranging an electrical, data and / or sanitary line on the building element, for example in the at least one recess; iv) Arranging liquid concrete on and / or in the building element.

[0037] In step i), the building element can be provided at a construction site, for example, by transport from a factory. In step ii), the first base body is essentially horizontally aligned. To support the building element and prepare it for the pouring of concrete, supports, in particular formwork supports, can be arranged to bear the load acting on the building element. In step iii), the electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines are arranged on the building element, for example, attached. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines are placed in the at least one recess. Additionally or alternatively, reinforcement can be placed in the at least one recess of the building element before the concrete is poured. In step iv), liquid concrete is poured onto and / or into the building element, which then hardens. The concrete bonds with the building element.After the concrete has cured, the structural element remains bonded to the concrete. A suspended ceiling can be installed on one underside of the ceiling. Electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines can be routed in a space between the suspended ceiling and the structural element. The steps described can be performed in the given order, but they do not have to be. For example, step iii) can also be carried out after step iv), particularly after the concrete has cured.

[0038] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures, to which, however, you are not limited. They show: Fig. 1 a cross-section through part of a multi-story building; Fig. 2 interconnected building elements for the construction of a wall; Fig. 3 two walls in a cross-sectional view from above; Fig. 4 a ceiling in cross-section according to a first embodiment; and Fig. 5 an alternative design of a first basic body for the production of a ceiling.

[0039] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a cross-section through part of a multi-story building 1 with walls 2 and an intermediate, load-bearing ceiling 3, which separates a ground floor 4a from a first floor 4b. The walls 2 each define a room 5a, 5b of the building 1. The ceiling 3 above the ground floor 4a simultaneously serves as a support for the floor structure of the first floor 4b. The floor structure of the first floor 4b can, for example, have a thickness of 20-25 cm. The walls 2 and the ceiling 3 each represent building elements 7.

[0040] The wall 2 of the ground floor 4a or the second floor 4b has several, in the illustration three, superimposed structural elements 8, which are arranged essentially vertically and each has a first base body 9 and a second base body 10. Both the first base body 9 and the second base body 10 have a pressed material 11 with plant fibers or can consist essentially entirely of a pressed material 11 with plant fibers. Preferably, the pressed material 11 with plant fibers is a pressed wood material. In other words, the plant fibers are formed by wood fibers. However, it is also possible that the plant fibers are formed, for example, by grass or other plants. Preferably, the fibers (not shown) of the pressed material 11 have a nominal length of at least 30 mm, which creates particularly stable base bodies 9, 10.In one embodiment of the invention, pressed wood pallets 50 can be used as the base bodies 9, 10. The base bodies 9, 10 are essentially parallel to each other and essentially identical in design. The first base body 9 is arranged on a side 12 of the building element 8 facing the space 5a. The second base body 10 is arranged on another side 13 of the building element 8 facing away from the space 5a. In particular, the second base body 10 is arranged on a side of the building element 8 facing an environment U of the building 1. The base bodies 9, 10 are arranged mirrored to each other about a vertical central plane. Both the first 9 and the second base body 10 each have projections 14 on first sides 15 of the base bodies 9, 10, which are preferably integrally formed in the base bodies 9, 10.The projections 14 can serve as spacers and extend from a surrounding base surface 53 of the respective base body 9, 10. The projections 14 are integrally formed with the base surface 53. The projections 14 can each form receiving spaces 54 (see . Fig. 2 ), which are accessible from the second sides 18 of the base bodies 9, 10. The first sides 15 of the base bodies 9, 10 are directed towards the interior, in particular towards the center, of the component 8. In this embodiment, the first sides 15 of the base bodies 9, 10 can therefore also be referred to as the component's inner side 51. The base bodies 9, 10 face each other with their first sides 15. The projections 14 of the first 9 and second base bodies 10 are thus also directed towards each other. The second sides 18 of the first base bodies 9 face the space 5a, 5b, so that the second sides 18 of the first base bodies 9 can be referred to as the component's outer sides 52. The second sides 18 of the second base bodies 10 face the surroundings U.

[0041] In the illustration shown, the projections 14 of the base bodies 9 and 10 are spaced apart and therefore do not touch each other. However, it is also possible for the projections 14 to touch each other. An insulating space 19 is formed between the first 9 and the second base body 10. An insulating material 20, indicated by dots, can be placed in the insulating space 19. The insulating material 20 could, for example, be cellulose insulation. It is advantageous if the insulating material 20 is in a fragmented, especially granulated, form. In this case, the insulating material 20 can be blown into the insulating space 19, which is a particularly efficient method of installation.

[0042] On side 13 of the building element 8, which faces away from room 5a and towards the surroundings U, a thermal insulation system 21 is arranged on the building element 8 in the illustration shown. The thermal insulation system 21 can, for example, be composed of individual XPS panels 22. A facade plaster 23 can also be applied to the thermal insulation system 21. A wind barrier 24 can also be arranged between the thermal insulation system 21 and the second base bodies 10. The wind barrier 24 can be formed by a plastic film 25. Furthermore, a vapor barrier 26 can, for example, be provided, which is preferably arranged on side 12 of the building element 8. The vapor barrier 26 can also be in the form of a film 25. Additionally, a drywall covering, in particular in the form of cover elements 35, for example gypsum plasterboard 27, and / or a plaster finish can be arranged on side 12 of the building element 8.The drywall covering and / or the plaster can be directly connected to the second side 18 of the first base body 9.

[0043] Fig. 2 shows several building elements 8 connected to each other at side edges 28 by connecting elements (not shown), each with at least one first basic body 9. In Fig. 2 Two vertical rows, each consisting of three stacked building elements 8, are provided. The building elements 8 are essentially vertically oriented and intended for the construction of a wall 2. Fig. 2 The second sides 18 of the respective first basic body 9 of the building elements 8 are shown. The surface O of the first basic bodies 9 is completely closed and thus has no holes or through-openings. This is particularly advantageous for the insertion of insulating material 20. In one embodiment, openings or through-holes may be provided, which, however, are closed by means of covers. As in Fig. 2 As can be seen, the first basic body 9 of the building elements 8 has a recess 17 on its second side 18, which forms a structure 16, in particular a stiffening structure. The structure 16 serves to stiffen the first basic body 9, thus stabilizing it against bending and twisting. The recesses 17 can, for example, have a depth T of at least 15 mm, preferably at least 30 mm. The recesses 17 can have corresponding bulges 43 on the opposite first sides 15 of the first basic body 9 (see, for example, Figure 1). Fig. 5 ) exhibit, which can also be referred to as ribs. The pattern of the recesses 17 can correspond to the pattern of the protrusions 43. Lateral recesses 17a, which are elongated, extend in the illustrated embodiment parallel to the side edges 28 of the first base body 9 and open in the region of the corners 29 of the first base body 9 into receiving spaces 54, which are formed by the projections 14. The lateral recesses 17a are therefore connected via the receiving spaces 14. Central recesses 17b, which are also elongated, preferably extend towards the center 30 of the first base body 9 and are preferably arranged radially with respect to the center 30. The central recesses 17b also open into receiving spaces 54, via which they are connected to each other and to the lateral recesses 17a. However, the central recesses 17b can also open directly into lateral recesses 17a.The recesses 17, as part of the structure 16, increase the stability of the first base body 9. In particular, the structure 16 increases the stability of the first base body 9 against bending and twisting. The recesses 17, i.e., the lateral recesses 17a and the central recesses 17b, can advantageously be used for guiding electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31. Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows, for example, how an electrical conductor 31a is routed from bottom to top. The electrical conductor 31a runs upwards in central recesses 17b from a first base body 9 to another first base body 9. The electrical conductor 31a can be routed in a hose or a tube (not shown).

[0044] As already mentioned, the recesses 17 can lead into the recording rooms 54. In Fig. 2 It is evident that the lateral depressions 17a and the central depressions 17b open at their ends into receiving spaces 54 formed by the projections 14. It should be mentioned here that the elongated depressions 17a, 17b can form elongated bulges 43 on the first side 15 of the first base body 10, which also contribute to stiffening the first base body 9 and thus belong to the structure 16. The projections 14 extend further from the base surface 53 than the bulges 43.

[0045] In Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows how an electrical installation box 32a is inserted into a receiving space 54. This is advantageous because the receiving spaces 54 are deeper than the depth T of the elongated lateral surfaces 17a and central recesses 17b. It should be noted, however, that the production of the first basic bodies 8 can be adapted accordingly by using modified molds. Thus, the recesses 17 can be formed in any desired shape and depth. For example, it is possible to omit the projections 14 and therefore also the receiving spaces 54, and to provide only the lateral surfaces 17a and the central recesses 17b, making these deeper and wider so that electrical installation boxes 32a can be accommodated in them.

[0046] In Fig. 2 The figure further shows how a data cable 31b is routed down from a ceiling 3. The data cable 31b runs in a lateral recess 17a to another receiving chamber 54, where it terminates in an inserted junction box 32b for data cables, which is inserted into the receiving chamber 54. The data cable 31b can be routed in a hose or a pipe (not shown).

[0047] Furthermore, in Fig. 2 The figure shows how a sanitary pipe 31c is routed via central recesses 17b to a receiving chamber 54 in which a water connection element 32c is inserted. The water connection element 32c can, for example, be designed for connecting a radiator or a fitting.

[0048] The electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines 31 can each be routed across several components 8 in the respective recesses 17. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines 31 are routed from a ceiling 3 or a floor 6 to the components 8. The electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines 31 can be completely inserted into the recesses 17 when viewed in cross-section, so that they do not protrude from the recesses 17. However, it is also possible that the electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines 31 are only partially contained in the recesses 17 when viewed in cross-section. Furthermore, it is possible that the electrical, data, and / or plumbing lines 31 are routed out of one recess 17 in order to continue their route in another recess 17 of the same or a different first base body 10.

[0049] Fastening elements 33, such as mounting brackets 34 or mounting clamps, can be used to secure the electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31 in the recesses 17. To conceal the electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31, cover elements 35, for example, plasterboard panels 27, and / or plaster can be arranged on the second sides 18 of the first base body 9 (see Fig. 1 ).

[0050] In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 It is evident that the structural elements 8 may be provided with support elements 36, preferably arranged substantially vertically, which serve to transfer the load. In particular, loads from the ceiling 3 can be transferred to the floor 6 below. The support elements 36 can be arranged between the structural elements 8. It can also be provided that the support elements 36 are arranged in the insulation space 19 between the first 9 and the second base body 10. The support elements 36 can, for example, be made of metal or concrete and be fastened between the floor 6 and the ceiling 3. It is preferred that the load transfer occurs primarily, and in particular completely, through the support elements 36, and not via the structural elements 8. The first 9 and second base bodies 10 of the structural elements 8 can also be connected to the support elements 36 at their side edges 28, so that the structural elements 8 can be held in position.In this way, the support elements 36 can connect the building elements 8 and also serve as spacers between the first 9 and second base bodies 10.

[0051] The second base body 10 of a building element 8 can be essentially identical in design to the first base body 9 of the building element 8. Thus, electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31 can also be routed in the recesses 17 of the second base body 10. In one embodiment, the first 9 and the second base body 10 can also be identical. The building elements 8 used to construct a building element 7 can also be similar or identical in design.

[0052] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a cross-section of two walls 2 arranged at right angles to each other in a top view. The walls 2 are connected by a support element 36. Support elements 36 are also arranged between the building elements 8 of a wall, which simultaneously serve as connecting elements 38 for connecting two adjacent building elements 8. It is evident that an electrical, data, and / or sanitary line 31 runs in a recess 17 of the first base body 9. Pressed wood pallets 50, for example, can be used as the first 9 and second base body 10.

[0053] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows a ceiling 3 according to a first embodiment. In this embodiment, building elements 8, each with only one first base body 9, are used. The first base body 9 also has a structure 16 and projections 14. A suspended ceiling 39 is arranged on the first side 15 of the first base body 9. The suspended ceiling 39 is attached to the first base body 9, in particular to the projections 14, by means of connecting elements 40. Electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31 or ventilation ducts can be routed in a cavity 41 between the suspended ceiling 39 and the first base body 9. Due to the structure 16 and the associated stability, the building elements can also perform a load-bearing function and thus form a ceiling 3. Insulation and / or a floor covering can be laid on the top of the ceiling 3 on the building elements 8.Electrical, data, and / or sanitary lines 31 can also be inserted into recesses 17 on the second side 18 of the first base bodies 9. Beams 55, in particular longitudinal beams, can support the building elements 8 and simultaneously function as connecting elements 56 between the building elements 8. In one embodiment, the beams 55 or connecting elements 56 also serve as connecting means 40 for the suspended ceiling 39. For this purpose, the building elements 8 can bear loads on the beams 55 at their side edges 28. To increase the stability of the building elements 8, fibers made of plastic and / or metal can be added to the plant fibers of the pressed material 11. In addition, cement material, for example, can be added to the pressed material 11.

[0054] Fig. 5 Figure 1 shows an alternative embodiment of the first base body 9 for producing a ceiling 3 in cross-section. As in the other embodiments, the base body comprises a pressed material 11 with plant fibers. The first base body 9 has a structure 16, in particular a stiffening structure, with recesses 17. In the Fig. 5In the embodiment shown, the recesses 17 are deeper and the associated bulges 43 are more prominent than in the other embodiments. Reinforcements 44, for example, can be inserted into the recesses 17 to reinforce the poured concrete 42 and thus the ceiling 3 to be constructed. Advantageously, the structural elements 8 can be used as formwork when pouring the liquid concrete 42. The structural element 8 does not need to be removed after the concrete 42 has hardened, but can bond with the concrete 42 and remain in place. Due to its structure 16 and the resulting stability, the structural element 8 can also perform a load-bearing function. Thus, the structural element does not merely serve as permanent formwork, but can also perform load-bearing tasks, which is generally not the case with permanent formwork.The component 8 can have a length of, for example, over 5 m (extension into the drawing plane) and a width B of over 1 m.

Claims

1. Component (8) for a building element (7), in particular for a wall (2) and / or a ceiling (3) of a building (1), comprising a first base body (9) which has a pressed material (11) with plant fibers, preferably consisting of pressed material (11) with plant fibers, characterized by the fact that the first basic body (9) has a structure (16), in particular a stiffening structure, with at least one molded elongated depression (17) and / or bulge (43).

2. Component according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the structure (16) has at least one elongated depression (17) formed in the first basic body (9), which is designed to accommodate an electrical, data and / or sanitary line (31) of the building (1).

3. Component (8) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by the fact that the plant fibers in the pressed material (11) have a target length of at least 20 mm.

4. Component (8) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the first basic body (9) has a component outer surface (52) and at least one recess (17) is arranged on the component outer surface (52) and is recessed in the direction of a component inner surface (51).

5. Component (8) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the first basic body (9) has at least one projection (14) extending from a base surface (53) of the first basic body (9), preferably wherein the projection (14) is formed integrally with the base surface and forms a receiving space (54).

6. Component (8) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the component (8) has a second basic body (10) which is arranged essentially parallel to the first basic body (9).

7. Component (8) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the first basic body (9) is a pressed wood pallet (50).

8. Building element (7), in particular wall (2) or ceiling (3), characterized by the fact thatthe building element (7) comprises a building element (8) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Building element (7) according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the structure (16) forms at least one depression into which an electrical, data and / or sanitary line (31) is at least partially incorporated.

10. Building element (7) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the building element (7) is designed as a wall (2), wherein the at least one recess (17) is arranged on an outer side (52) of the first basic body (9) facing a room (5a, 5b) of the building (1), and a cover element (35) and / or a plaster is provided on the outer side of the building element, so that the at least one recess (17) and the electrical, data and / or sanitary conduit (31) contained therein are covered.

11. Building element (7) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact thatthe component (8) has a first (9) and a second base body (10) which are arranged essentially parallel to each other, wherein an insulating space (19) is formed between the first (9) and the second base body (10), in which insulating material (20), which is preferably in isolated form, in particular in granulated form, is contained.

12. Building element (7) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that the building element (7) is designed as a ceiling (3), wherein the building element (8) is arranged essentially horizontally and is preferably bonded to concrete (42).

13. Building (1), in particular a multi-story building, comprising at least one building element (7), in particular at least one wall (2) and / or at least one ceiling (3), characterized by the fact that the building element (7) is designed according to one of claims 8 to 12.

14. Method for manufacturing a building element (7) in the form of a wall (2), comprising the steps of: i) providing a building element (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 7; ii) erecting the first base body (9) so that it is substantially vertically oriented; iii) optionally introducing insulating material (20) into an insulating space (19) of the building element (8), in particular by blowing in the insulating material (20); iv) arranging an electrical, data and / or sanitary conduit (31) on the building element, preferably in the at least one recess (17); v) covering the building element (8) with a cover element (35) and / or a plaster.

15. Method for manufacturing a building element (7) in the form of a ceiling (3), comprising the steps of: i) providing a building element (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 7; ii) erecting the first base body (8) so that it is substantially horizontally oriented, preferably with the aid of supports; iii) arranging an electrical, data and / or a sanitary conduit (31) on the building element, for example in the at least one recess (17); iv) arranging liquid concrete (42) on and / or in the building element (8).

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