BUILDING ELEMENT FOR BUILDING, ESPECIALLY DETACHED HOUSES

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction element for the building comprising two parallel panels (P1, P2) to each other and connected to each other by at least one spacer (E1, E2), each panel (P1, P2) comprising at least one lower edge (4), said inner edge (4) comprising a cutout (8) so that the construction element cooperates by interlocking with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a bottom rail, said cutouts (8) comprising at least one bore (12) intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element, said bore (12) being configured for the installation of a stud or a screw. [Fig.1]

Description

Title of the invention: CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR BUILDING, IN PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL HOUSES TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

[0001] The present invention relates to a construction element for building, in particular for the construction of individual houses.

[0002] Traditional construction of buildings, particularly individual houses, uses bricks or concrete blocks which are superimposed and assembled together by a binder, for example cement. When a brick or concrete block wall has been built, it is necessary to thermally insulate the wall and also to cover it, particularly for aesthetic reasons.

[0003] Therefore, the construction of traditional houses is long and requires the intervention of several trades. This type of construction can therefore rarely be done by an individual.

[0004] There are more and more construction elements that provide both structure and insulation, i.e. they integrate thermal insulation. This reduces construction time. However, these are often large elements that are difficult to handle without suitable equipment. In addition, assembling the elements together is not easy. Statement of the invention

[0005] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a building construction element which is easy to use and allows for faster construction than the elements of the prior art.

[0006] The aim stated above is achieved by a construction element comprising two parallel panels connected by at least one spacer, so as to delimit a space between the two panels, each panel being made of a wood-composite panel, each side panel comprising a lower edge and an upper edge and two side edges connecting the lower edge and the upper edge, each lower edge being structured so as to have a cutout intended to cooperate with a cutout of a lower construction element or a bottom rail. In addition, the cutouts are provided with holes for mounting dowels or pins in order to secure the construction elements together. The connection to a bottom rail is preferably obtained by means of screws.

[0007] Thanks to the invention, the construction elements being made of plywood or equivalent material, they are relatively easy to handle, they therefore do not require the use of special equipment. In addition, dowel assembly is very simple, making it accessible to a large number of people. In addition, this type of assembly allows for rapid construction.

[0008] In addition, the construction of the walls of a building using these elements is entirely dry since it does not require concrete. In addition, it uses very little metal. The CO2 generation by this construction is therefore reduced compared to buildings whose walls are made of concrete.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the side edges are straight and the construction elements are placed edge to edge.

[0010] In another embodiment, each lateral edge of a panel comprises a groove so as to form, with a groove of a lateral edge of a directly adjacent construction element of the same row, a housing for a tongue insertable vertically in the grooves.

[0011] In an advantageous example, a thermal insulator at least partially fills the space between the panels. Thus the wall thus produced is directly thermally insulated.

[0012] Preferably, the construction element comprises a sealing joint, so that the wall formed by the superposition is at least partly directly airtight and rainproof. A saving in construction time is also obtained.

[0013] The construction element according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be very easily adapted to different locations in the wall, such as a corner, a last row of the wall, a gable.

[0014] The present invention then relates to a construction element for the building comprising two panels parallel to each other and connected to each other by at least one spacer, each panel comprising at least one lower edge, said lower edge comprising a cutout so that the construction element cooperates by fitting with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a lower rail, said cutouts comprising at least one bore intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element or a lower rail, said bore being configured for the installation of a stud or a screw.

[0015] In an advantageous example, the at least one spacer extends over the entire height of the panels and the spacer comprises a groove on a lower edge and a tongue on an upper edge.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, each panel has two straight side edges, so that when assembling several construction elements, two construction elements arranged next to each other in a row are edge to edge.

[0017] Preferably, the construction element comprises a thermal insulating element between the two panels.

[0018] Advantageously, the construction element comprises at least at the level of the upper edge of each panel sealing means intended to cooperate with panels of adjacent construction elements to ensure sealing between the construction elements.

[0019] In a preferred example, the panels are made of composite wood panel, preferably the panel intended to be inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of medium density wood fiber panel.

[0020] In another example, the construction element is configured to form a lintel, said construction element comprising a reservation for the installation of a concealing element which rolls up on itself or folds back.

[0021] In another example, the building element is configured for joist support, the at least one cross brace having a thickness sufficient for securing a joist support element.

[0022] In another example, the building element is configured to form the gable of the building, the panels having at least one inclined edge defining the slope of the roof. The at least one spacer may then have a thickness sufficient for the attachment of a support element of a wall plate.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is a building comprising a slab, a base rail and construction elements according to the invention, said construction elements being superimposed, and studs are inserted into the holes so as to connect two construction elements together.

[0024] Preferably, the lower rail comprises a plurality of elements juxtaposed on the slab and elements for connecting the ends of the juxtaposed elements.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a building comprising the steps: - Installation of a low rail on a slab, - Installation of the construction elements according to the invention on the lower rail, - Installation of dowels between the construction elements, - Assembly of several rows of construction elements and installation of dowels between each row of construction elements. Brief description of the drawings

[0026] The present application will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows and the attached drawings in which: [Fig.l] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention, [Fig.2A] is a sectional view along a plane AA of the building element of [Fig.l], [Fig.2B] is a sectional view along a plane BB of the building element of [Fig.l], [Fig.2C] is a sectional view along a plane CC of the building element of [Fig.l], [Fig.2D] is a cross-sectional view of a stack of two rows of building elements, [Fig.3] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to be arranged at a corner of a building, [Fig.4] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention specially adapted to support a joist, [Fig.5A] is a perspective view of an example of a building under construction with the building elements of [Fig.l], [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], [Fig.5B] is a perspective view of an example of a building under construction with the construction elements according to another example of embodiment, [Fig.6] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form part of a gable, [Fig.7] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form the ridge, [Fig.8] is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form part of a gable, [Fig.9] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form a lintel, [Fig. 10] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention having a reduced length, [Fig.l 1] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a low rail that can be used to create a construction with the construction elements according to the invention, [Fig. 12] is a perspective view of the elements of the lower rail of [Fig. 11], [Fig. 13] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig.5A] at a later stage of construction, [Fig. 14] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 13] at a later stage of construction, [Fig. 15] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 14] at a later stage of construction, [Fig. 16] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 14] during the laying of joists, [Fig. 17] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 14], the last joist being laid, [Fig. 18] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 17] at a later stage of construction, [Fig. 19] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 18] at a later stage of construction, [Fig.20] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 19] at a later stage of construction,

[0027] [Fig.21] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig. 19] at a later stage construction

[0028] [Fig.22] is a detail view of the building of [Fig.21] during the installation of a purlin, [Fig.23] is a perspective view of the building of [Fig.21] after the roof has been installed, [Fig.24] is a perspective view of a detail of cooperation between two adjacent construction elements according to an alternative embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0029] In [Fig. 1] and Figures 2A to 2D, an example of a construction element C1 intended to be used as an "intermediate construction element" can be seen. "Intermediate construction element" means a construction element intended not to be arranged in a corner, on a last upper row of the wall or at the level of the gable to support the purlins.

[0030] The building element Cl or building brick comprises two panels PI, P2 arranged parallel to each other and two spacers El, E2 rigidly connecting the two panels PI, P2 together. The spacers El, E2 extend over the entire height of the panels.

[0031] The panels are made of wood-composite panels. In the present application, the term "wood composite panel" means a panel comprising wood bonded together with glue. The wood may be in the form of a layer, in which case it is plywood or laminated veneer lumber, also known as LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber in English terminology), obtained by assembling adjacent layers of wood by gluing. The wood may be in the form of sawdust or fiber, for example the panel is a medium density wood fiberboard or MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard in English terminology).

[0032] In this example, we consider that panel PI is the interior panel and panel P2 is the exterior panel.

[0033] Preferably, the panel intended to be located inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of MDF, which promotes the evacuation of water vapor to the outside.

[0034] At least the interior panel has a protective coating on at least one of its faces. The coating is, for example, a film, for example of the phenolic type, or a layer of varnish or paint.

[0035] The coating is in the example shown located outside the construction element.

[0036] In this example, the spacers are assembled to the panels by screws 13. Alternatively, the spacers are assembled to the panels by gluing.

[0037] In the example shown and advantageously, the construction element C1 also comprises a thermal insulator 3. This may be, in a non-limiting manner, glass wool, rock wool, wood wool, expanded cork, etc.

[0038] Thus the construction element directly integrates the thermal insulation function facilitating construction.

[0039] In the example shown, the thermal insulator 3 fills the entire space between the panels. In this example, the thermal insulator 3 is in three parts, one part between the spacers E1, E2 and the other two parts between a spacer E1, E2 and one end of the construction element.

[0040] Alternatively, the thermal insulator 3 only fills part of the space between the panels PI, P2 thus defining an air gap with the inner face of one or other of the panels, which also contributes to the thermal insulation.

[0041] Each panel PI, P2 has a lower edge 4, an upper edge 6, two lateral edges 9 connecting the lower edge 4 and the upper edge 6.

[0042] In the example shown, the lower edge 4 and the upper edge 6 are structured so as to each have a longitudinal cutout 8, 10.

[0043] In [Fig.2A], a cross-sectional view along plane AA of the building element C1 of [Fig.1] can be seen.

[0044] The lower longitudinal cutout 8 comprises the outer face of the panel and the upper longitudinal cutout 10 comprises the inner face of the panel. The lower longitudinal cutouts 8 are configured to cooperate with upper longitudinal cutouts 10 of a lower row of construction elements, so as to ensure that the upper construction element fits onto the lower row of construction elements.

[0045] According to the invention, each lower and upper cutout comprises one or more holes 12 for the installation of a stud or pin 15 (visible in [Fig.5A]) passing through an upper longitudinal cutout 10 of a lower construction element and a lower longitudinal cutout 8 of an upper construction element. The studs 15 ensure a connection of the construction elements of two superimposed rows. In the example shown, each longitudinal cutout 8, 10 has two holes 12.

[0046] The dowels are driven into place using a mallet. Using dowels for assembly allows for quick and easy assembly. In addition, the construction elements are pre-drilled, which further simplifies construction.

[0047] In [Fig.2D], a sectional view of a stack can be seen showing the studs 15 mounted through the lower 8 and upper 10 longitudinal cutouts and the spacers EL. The section passing through a plane DD of the element of [Fig.l].

[0048] Preferably the studs are metallic.

[0049] In the example shown and preferably, the side edges are planar and the elements are arranged next to each other edge to edge.

[0050] According to an alternative embodiment shown in [Fig.5B], the construction elements C1' comprise lateral edges 9 each comprising a groove along their entire length. Each groove is intended to be placed opposite a groove of a construction element directly adjacent horizontally. The facing grooves delimit between them a housing configured to house a removable tab 18. The removable tab 18 then ensures alignment and connection of the directly adjacent horizontal construction elements. The tab 18 is for example made of plywood. According to a non-limiting alternative, the lateral edges 9' are structured to overlap as shown in [Fig.24].

[0051] By way of example only, the element Cia has a length of several hundred millimeters, for example 600 mm, a width of several hundred millimeters, for example approximately 300 mm, and a height of several hundred millimeters, for example approximately 200 mm.

[0052] The dimensions of the construction elements and their material make them easily transportable by a single person.

[0053] In the example shown and more particularly visible in [Fig.2C], each spacer E1, E2 also comprises an upper edge 20 provided with a tongue 22 and a lower edge 24 provided with a groove 26. Alternatively, the upper edge 20 comprises a groove and the lower edge 24 comprises a tongue. Each tongue 22 of a spacer is intended to be received in a groove 26 of a spacer of a construction element of another row. The cooperation between groove and tongue makes it possible to easily achieve staggered assembly and alignment of the holes 12.

[0054] In [Fig.5A], one can see the assembly of several intermediate construction elements CL. In a known manner, the construction elements are arranged in a staggered manner. The staggered overlap is chosen so that each spacer E1, E2 rests on a spacer E1, E2 of the intermediate construction element of the lower row, and the tongue 22 of a spacer is received in a groove 26 of a spacer of the construction element of the upper row. In the example shown, the overlap is half. It will be understood that this overlap is not limiting and that an overlap of one third, for example, is possible; in this case the arrangement of the spacers would be adapted.

[0055] Each intermediate construction element C1 is connected by studs to two lower construction elements and to two upper construction elements. Each intermediate construction element is in edge-to-edge contact with the construction elements located on either side horizontally.

[0056] In [Fig.3], we can see an example of the embodiment of a corner construction element C2.

[0057] The construction element C2 differs from the intermediate construction element C1 in that one of the spacers does not have a tab 22 so as not to hinder the stacking of the construction elements. In addition, the upper longitudinal cutouts 10 have a notch 19 in their center to receive a lower longitudinal cutout 8 of the construction element C2 which will be arranged above. Indeed, at a corner, the construction elements are stacked at right angles. The construction element C2 also has an end panel P3 mounted on one end of the element and which is intended to form a part of the exterior wall. The panel P3 is for example screwed onto the panels P1, P2.

[0058] The construction elements intended to form the last row of a wall, for example of a floor, differ from the intermediate construction elements at least in that the panels do not have upper cutouts and the spacers do not have a tongue.

[0059] In [Fig.4], we can see an example of the production of a construction element C3 particularly suitable for the assembly of joists for the construction of a floor.

[0060] In this example, the spacers E1', E2' have a thickness greater than that of the spacers E1 and E1 and are thus suitable for fixing elements to support joists for the purpose of creating a floor.

[0061] In the example shown in [Fig.15], a screw 41 with a wide head is directly screwed into each of the spacers and is configured to support a fitting which is fixed to the joist 54. By choosing a thick spacer, this allows the screw to be fixed without the need for additional reinforcement. The spacers E1', E2' have in their lower edge a notch for housing the tabs 22 of the spacers of the intermediate construction elements of the lower row.

[0062] By way of example only, the spacers E1, E2 have a thickness of the order of twenty mm and the spacers E1', E2' have a thickness of the order of 60 mm.

[0063] The spacers E1, E2 are for example made of plywood and the spacers E1', E2' are in LVL.

[0064] The corner building elements of a last row combine the characteristics of the C3 elements and the C2 elements.

[0065] Other means for producing a floor without resorting to thicker spacers do not depart from the scope of the present application.

[0066] A construction element comprising spacers of the same thickness does not depart from the scope of the present application.

[0067] In [Fig.6], we can see an example of a construction element according to the invention used at the gable.

[0068] In this example, the construction element C4 comprises panels PI', P2' comprising an inclined edge 28 at an angle corresponding to the slope of the roof, here 33°, and an upper edge provided with a cutout. In this example, it comprises a spacer El and a spacer El', the spacer El' has a greater thickness than the spacer El, allowing the mounting of a means for fixing a purlin, in a manner similar to the mounting of a joist. The tongue 22 of the spacer El is intended to cooperate with a groove of a spacer of a construction element of the upper row.

[0069] In [Fig.7], we can see a construction element C5 intended to form the ridge of the roof. The panels PI”, P2” have two inclined edges 50 and a flat lower edge 52. The inclined edges are inclined at an angle of 33°. In this example, the construction element has spacers El”, E2” of the same type as that of the spacers El', E2' in order to allow the fixing of a purlin.

[0070] The PI”, P2” panels have a notch for mounting the ridge purlin.

[0071] The construction element C5 is intended to be arranged above two construction elements C4.

[0072] In [Fig.8], we can see a C6 gable construction element allowing the construction of a roof with a slope of 18° (33%). In this example, the two spacers advantageously have sufficient thickness for fixing screws and mounting a purlin.

[0073] The construction element according to the invention easily allows the construction of buildings whose roof is inclined at 33% and 66%. However, it will be understood that any roof inclination can be obtained thanks to the invention.

[0074] In [Fig.9], we can see another example of the embodiment of a construction element C7 according to the invention intended to form a lintel.

[0075] Construction element C7 is similar to construction element C1, but has a greater length. In this example, it has ten spacers.

[0076] In this example and advantageously, the construction element C7 comprises a reservation 30 to accommodate a concealment element (not shown), such as a roller shutter or a blind with adjustable slats.

[0077] In this example, the construction element C7 comprises a first part comprising two panels connected by spacers E1” and between which a thermal insulator 3 is inserted. The construction element also comprises a second part comprising two parallel panels connected by spacers at their longitudinal ends and an empty space in the center without spacers intended to house the occulting element. The two parts are placed against each other and the panels in contact are assembled, for example by screwing.

[0078] The fact that the spacers do not extend between the two panels at the level of the central part of the lintel does not hinder assembly, since the construction elements which will be mounted on the lintel rest on the two panels fixed to each other and on the spacers of the first part.

[0079] A construction element forming a lintel without reservation does not depart from the scope of the present application.

[0080] Advantageously, it is planned to produce construction elements having a length equal to half the length of the standard elements and making it possible to complete a row. This construction element C8 comprises a single spacer E1 as shown in [Fig. 10]. Unlike clay bricks and concrete blocks which require cuts to adapt to the dimensions of the wall to be produced, thanks to the invention it is possible to superimpose construction elements of different sizes without having to cut them.

[0081] In a particularly advantageous manner, each construction element comprises sealing means capable of ensuring air and water tightness at least in part with the other construction elements to which it will be assembled. The wall thus formed will be directly air and water tight.

[0082] In the example shown in [Fig.l], the sealing means J comprise a seal covering the upper edge 6, along the base of the cutout 10, so as to come into contact with the lower edge of the construction elements of the upper row. The seal is for example made of EPDM. It advantageously has an adhesive face allowing easy attachment to the construction element. During assembly, the seal between the lateral edges is obtained for example by fixing an adhesive strip between two outer faces of two directly adjacent elements.

[0083] In the variant of the elements C1 shown in [Fig.5B], joints may be provided on the lateral edges.

[0084] We will now describe an example of the construction of a house using the elements according to the invention.

[0085] A slab D, possibly covered with a screed, was previously made.

[0086] The person building the house has ordered all the construction elements which correspond to the plan of the house, taking into account in particular the length of the facades and their height, the number of floors, the number of openings and their dimensions, the slope of the roof... All the elements are manufactured in the factory and are delivered ready to be installed.

[0087] In a first step, the lower rail 34 is placed on the slab.

[0088] In the example shown and in a non-limiting manner, the lower rail 34 comprises elements 36 and 39 connected to each other by connecting elements 38 ( [Fig.11]).

[0089] In this example, the connection elements are butterfly-shaped and the ends of the elements 36, 39 include notches 40 shaped to each receive a wing of the connection element as can be seen in [Fig.12]. In this example and advantageously, the notches 40 do not pass through the entire thickness of the rectilinear element but only over a part of the thickness, which makes it possible to simplify the production and to use connection elements of lesser thickness. In addition, during assembly the connection elements rest on the flat bottom of the notches 40 and not on the slab, the flatness of which is not always guaranteed.

[0090] This low rail has the advantage of ensuring automatic alignment of the elements with each other and of guaranteeing the creation of right angles by means of the elements 39. In addition, the low rail elements are more easily transportable than the classic low rails which generally measure between 4m and 5m in length.

[0091] The lower rail can be fixed by screwing. Preferably it is fixed to the slab by means of brackets to limit the risk of rising damp. In the case of fixing to a wooden floor, the lower rail can be fixed directly by screwing to the floor.

[0092] It will be understood that the implementation of any other low rail does not depart from the scope of the present application.

[0093] The lower rail delimits the exterior walls of the house.

[0094] In a following step, construction elements C1 are placed on the rectilinear parts and construction elements C2 at the angles.

[0095] The width of the lower rail is such that the lower longitudinal cutouts 8 of the construction elements C1, C2 are positioned on either side of the lateral edges of the elements 36 and 39 which are also provided with holes. Preferably, the elements C1 and C2 are screwed onto the lower rail, which simplifies assembly, in fact the assembly by screwing avoids having to pre-drill the lower rail and ensures alignment between these holes and the holes 12 of the construction elements. However, a dowel connection is possible.

[0096] The construction elements C1 are arranged next to each other edge to edge.

[0097] The assembly of the corner construction elements C2 is similar.

[0098] In a subsequent step, the second row of construction elements is mounted. The elements C1 are mounted in a staggered manner relative to the elements of the first row, so that the grooves 26 of the spacers E1, E2 receive the tabs 22 of the spacers E1, E2 of the construction elements of the lower row. Then studs 15 are inserted into the holes 12 of the upper and lower cutouts.

[0099] The previous step is repeated until the desired wall height is reached. Generally, this height is that of one floor less one row, this last row being made using elements C3 ([Fig.13]).

[0100] The arrangement of the building elements takes into account openings, such as windows and doors. In [Fig. 13], an opening O for a French window PF can be seen. When such openings are made, a building element C7 forming a lintel is provided above each opening ([Fig. 14]).

[0101] As mentioned above, the last row is formed from elements C3 and suitable corner building elements. Screws 41 for mounting joists are then screwed into the spacers E1', E2' as seen in [Fig. 15]. The joists are equipped with fittings 43 cooperating with the heads of the screws ([Fig. 16]).

[0102] In a next step, the joists 54 are laid and a floor 42 is arranged on the joists and on the upper face of the construction elements C3 ([Fig. 17]).

[0103] In a next step, a low rail 44 is placed on the floor 42 ([Fig. 18]) which can be screwed directly to the floor, and construction elements are assembled in a similar manner to the previous steps.

[0104] When the floor is finished, the gable is made. To do this, the intermediate construction elements C1 are arranged so as to draw the slope of the roof and an element C8 at the end of the gable as shown in [Fig.19]. Then the gable construction elements are placed, which are chosen according to the slope of the roof. In the example shown, it is a 66% slope and the elements used are elements C5 and C6, as can be seen in [Fig.20].

[0105] In a subsequent step, screws 56 for mounting the wall plates 46 are fixed in the spacers of the gable construction elements C5, C6, in a similar manner to the joist screws ([Fig.21]).

[0106] In a next step, the wall plates 46 provided with fittings 47 are mounted on the screws, as shown in [Fig.22].

[0107] The framework and the roofing are then carried out.

[0108] In [Fig.23], we can see the house watertight and airtight.

[0109] At least one cladding is advantageously provided on the exterior facade of the house. For example, the cleats are pre-drilled so that the pre-drilled holes are located between the studs.

[0110] T2 battens can also be placed on the inside of the walls. Drilling is then done in the two PI and P2 panels. Cladding is then fixed to the battens.

[0111] In this example, the house is entirely made with the construction elements according to the invention. It may be envisaged to use these construction elements to add a floor to a building which has been constructed using traditional methods. This has the advantage of reducing the mass of the added floor and reducing the stresses on the already existing part.

[0112] Each building element preferably has a length which is identical to that of the other elements or a multiple or submultiple thereof.

[0113] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to construct a building relatively quickly and without special equipment. This construction is accessible to non-building professionals.

[0114] Furthermore, when the walls are erected, they are almost ready. Only cladding is preferably required on the exterior facades, especially when the exterior panels are made of MDF. There is also no need to add thermal insulation. On the interior face, there is no need to add a finishing layer such as plasterboard®.

[0115] The construction element according to the invention has the advantage of being easy to handle and of offering a simplified assembly method. In addition, it allows a dry construction method, i.e. without requiring water. In addition, the construction element uses neither concrete nor very little metal, which significantly reduces the carbon generation for its construction.

Claims

Claims

1. Construction element for the building comprising two parallel panels (PI, P2) with respect to each other and connected to each other by at least one spacer (El, E2), each panel (PI, P2) comprising at least one lower edge (4), said lower edge (4) comprising a cutout (8) so that the construction element cooperates by interlocking with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a lower rail, said cutouts (8) comprising at least one bore (12) intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element or a lower rail, said bore (12) being configured for the installation of a stud or a screw.

2. Construction element according to claim 1, in which the at least one spacer (El, E2) extends over the entire height of the panels and in which the spacer (El, E2) comprises on a lower edge a groove (26) and on an upper edge a tongue (22).

3. Construction element according to claim 1 or 2, in which each panel (PI, P2) has two straight side edges (9), so that when assembling several construction elements two construction elements arranged next to each other in a row are edge to edge.

4. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a thermal insulating element (3) between the two panels (PI, P2).

5. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least at the level of the upper edge (6) of each panel (PI, P2) sealing means intended to cooperate with panels of adjacent construction elements to ensure sealing between the construction elements.

6. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the panels (PI, P2) are made of composite wood panel, preferably the panel intended to be inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of medium density wood fiber panel.

7. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured to form a lintel, said construction element comprising a reservation for the installation of a concealing element rolling up on itself or folding back.

8. A building element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured for supporting joists, wherein the at least one spacer has a thickness sufficient for fixing a joist support element.

9. A building element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured to form the gable of the building, wherein the panels comprise at least one inclined edge defining the slope of the roof.

10. Construction element according to the preceding claim, in which the at least one spacer has a thickness sufficient for fixing a support element of a wall plate.

11. Building comprising a slab, a base rail and construction elements according to one of the preceding claims, said construction elements being superimposed and in which studs (15) are inserted into the holes (12) so as to connect two construction elements together.

12. Construction building according to the preceding claim, in which the lower rail (34) comprises a plurality of juxtaposed elements (36, 39) on the slab and connecting elements (38) of the ends of the juxtaposed elements (36, 39).

13. Method for manufacturing a building comprising the steps: - Placing a lower rail (34) on a slab (D), - Placing the construction elements according to one of claims 1 to 6 on the lower rail, - Placing dowels (15) between the construction elements, - Mounting several rows of construction elements and placing dowels between each row of construction elements.

Images