Containment enclosure for test bench
The variable thickness and inclined inner wall design of the containment enclosure effectively addresses safety risks in turbomachine component testing by deflecting and trapping fragments, enabling safer and more efficient high-speed testing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023009652
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-09-13
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Containment enclosure for test bench Technical field
[0001] The present application relates to the control of the conformity of rotating mechanical parts, in particular rotating parts constituting a turbomachine. It relates more specifically to a test bench for such control. STATE OF THE ART
[0002] Checking the conformity of mechanical parts to specifications requires the use of test benches allowing the parts to be subjected to mechanical and physical stresses generally much higher than those of normal operating conditions.
[0003] For example, in the aeronautical field, the design of turbomachines requires increasingly precise prediction of the service life of the parts that compose them. The overspeed resistance of rotating parts of turbines, such as disks, is an important step in the design of new engines. Furthermore, the regulations require the demonstration during tests on a test bench that the parts in question do not burst under the effect of centrifugal loading, and this for speeds generally at least 20% higher than normal operating conditions. These tests aim to evaluate a burst speed of the rotating disks, by subjecting them to a rotation of increasing speed but also to high temperatures, similar to those of real operating conditions, until the disk bursts.The analysis being completed by a study of the disc fragments, it is therefore necessary to design a test bench resistant to the projection of heavy metal fragments at high speeds, while preserving the fracture surfaces of these fragments.
[0004] Current test benches for this type of application are thus equipped with a removable containment enclosure, sometimes composed of several portions which are installed around the device applying the mechanical stress to the tested component, for example a shaft rotating a turbomachine disk. The portions are parts of a size adapted to that of the component and are generally made of a material capable of receiving the fragments projected at high speed without excessively damaging them. Metals having an elastic limit lower than that of the tested component are therefore preferred to allow the study of the fragments.
[0005] However, these structural and material constraints induce a risk for the safety of personnel and installations around the test bench. Indeed, the necessarily removable nature of such a containment enclosure requires seek to reduce its mass, while advances in the design of rotating parts require increasingly high test speeds, which requires strengthening the containment enclosure, in particular by increasing its thickness. Added to these contradictory requirements are the imperatives of integrating the enclosure into existing test benches. Statement of the invention
[0006] An aim of the present application is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
[0007] For this purpose, according to a first aspect of the invention, a test bench (0) is proposed. of bursting a turbomachine component, comprising a shaft extending along an axis A, the shaft being movable in rotation about the axis A, the shaft being configured to drive the component in rotation, the test bench comprising a containment enclosure arranged coaxially around the shaft and configured to receive a fragment having burst by driving the component in rotation within the containment enclosure, the containment enclosure being delimited, radially with respect to the axis A, by a radially inner wall, a radially outer wall, and the containment enclosure having a height which extends along the axis A, the radially outer wall being at a constant distance from the axis A over the height, the radially inner wall and the radially outer wall defining, radially with respect to the axis A, a thickness of the containment enclosure, the thickness being variable over the height of the containment enclosure.
[0008] The test bench according to the invention is advantageously supplemented by the following characteristics, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combinations:
[0009] - the profile of a section of the containment enclosure in a radial plane is of shape trapezoidal; - the profile of the radially inner wall in a section of the containment enclosure taken in a radial plane has a broken line; - the profile of the radially inner wall in a section of the containment enclosure taken in a radial plane has a concavity and / or a convexity; - the containment enclosure taken in a radial plane has a triangular profile; - the containment enclosure comprises one or more materials from a laminate, an agglomerate, a matrix composite, a textile, a metal, Kevlar, a rheothickening fluid; - the radially inner wall is inclined at least in part relative to the radially outer wall by an angle of between 10° and 80°; - a retention element is arranged coaxially around the containment enclosure and is made of a material having a hardness greater than the material constituting the containment enclosure, the retention element being configured to capture a fragment having passed through the containment enclosure;
[0010] The invention also relates to a method for testing a component in a test bench according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
[0011] - securing the rotating component to the shaft;
[0012] - installation of the containment enclosure (3) around the tree by juxtaposition or stacking the portions to form a radially inner wall coaxially around the axis A;
[0013] - rotating the component by the shaft until the component (1) bursts;
[0014] - stopping the rotation of the shaft;
[0015] - removal of the containment enclosure (3);
[0016] - extraction of the fragments of the component resulting from the bursting of the component;
[0017] the component may be a turbomachine component, in particular a disk of turbomachine. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0018] Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description, which is purely illustrative and non-limiting, and which must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
[0019] [Fig.l] is a vertical sectional view of a test bench according to the invention;
[0020] [Fig.2] is a schematic vertical sectional view of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a first embodiment of the invention;
[0021] [Fig. 3] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a second embodiment of the invention;
[0022] [Fig.4] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a third embodiment of the invention;
[0023] [Fig. 5] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
[0024] [Fig.6] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
[0025] [Fig.7] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;
[0026] [Fig.8] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
[0027] [Fig.9] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;
[0028] [Fig. 10] is a schematic vertical sectional view of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;
[0029] [Fig. 11] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to a tenth embodiment of the invention;
[0030] [Fig. 12] is a schematic view in vertical section of a containment enclosure of a test bench according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention;
[0031] [Fig. 13] is a diagram showing the steps of a method for testing a component, implemented by the invention.
[0032] Throughout the figures, similar elements bear identical references. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] A test bench aims to obtain the bursting of a component by subjecting it to one or more physical stresses of known amplitude, which are generally increased during the test. Given the significant amplitude of the stresses exerted in many cases, it is necessary to isolate the test bench by a containment enclosure capable of containing the fragments while allowing their analysis. The containment enclosure must therefore be capable of retaining the fragments without damaging the fracture surfaces.
[0034] In the following, as illustrated in [Fig.l], we are more particularly in the context of a burst test bench 0 in which the component 1 is a turbomachine disk, but any other component is conceivable. A shaft 2 configured to rotate the component 1 is placed in the center of the test bench 0 and the component is attached by means adapted so that its center is aligned with the axis of rotation A of the shaft 2. The shaft 2 and the component 1 are surrounded by a confinement enclosure 3.
[0035] The containment enclosure 3 is delimited by an inner wall 32 and an outer wall 31, both continuous. A lower wall 304 connects the outer 31 and inner 32 walls at one axial end, while an upper wall 305 connects the outer 31 and inner 32 walls at the other axial end. The containment enclosure 3 may be surrounded by one or more retention elements 4 composed of a material whose mechanical properties make it possible to ensure the retention of any fragment which would cross the containment enclosure 3.
[0036] The axial direction corresponds to the direction of the axis A and a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to this axis and passing through it. Furthermore, the circumferential (or lateral) direction corresponds to a direction perpendicular to the axis A and not passing through it. Unless otherwise specified, internal (respectively, interior) and external (respectively, exterior), respectively, are used with reference to a radial direction so that the internal part or face of an element is closer to the A axis than the external part or face of the same element. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, horizontal is understood to be perpendicular to the A axis and vertical is understood to be parallel to the A axis, so that a horizontal plane has the A axis as its normal and a vertical plane includes the A axis.
[0037] The inner wall 32 and the outer wall 31 extend axially over a height h. The outer wall 31 is at a constant distance from the axis A over the height h, that is to say that its radius is the same at all points and that it forms a cylinder of revolution around the axis A. Radially, the inner wall 32 and the outer wall 31 define a radial thickness e of the confinement enclosure, the thickness e being variable over the height h of the confinement enclosure 3. In other words, the inner wall 32 is, at least in part, not parallel to the axis A in a section plane R comprising the axis A of the rotation shaft 2, which is the section plane of [Fig.l].
[0038] Figures 2 to 12 illustrate different embodiments for the containment enclosure 3.
[0039] According to a first embodiment illustrated in [Fig.2], the inner wall 32a extends at a non-zero angle relative to the axis A in a radial section plane R which includes the axis A. In other words, the intersection with the plane R of an inner wall 32a, also called the profile of the inner wall 32a, is a segment inclined relative to the axis A, preferably from 10° to 80°, so that the profile of the confinement enclosure 3 in the plane R is a right-angled trapezoid, the profile of the lower wall 304 inscribed in the plane R having a length greater than the opposite profile of the upper wall 305.
[0040] According to a second illustrated embodiment [Fig.3], the inner wall 32b is inclined with a positive angle to the left and negative to the right of the axis A, so that the profile of the lower wall 304 inscribed in the plane R is of a length less than the profile of the upper wall 305 inscribed in the plane R. This arrangement makes it possible to deflect the fragments of component 1 in the direction opposite to the shaft 2.
[0041] According to a third illustrated embodiment [Fig.4], the profile of the inner wall 32c may be in the form of a broken line having several angles, so that the profile of the confinement enclosure 3 in the plane R comprises several rectangular trapezoids whose small base is closer to the upper wall 305 than the large base. This shape makes it possible to limit the ricochets of the fragments of component 1.
[0042] According to a fourth illustrated embodiment [Fig. 5], the profile of the inner wall 32d can be in the form of a broken line presenting several angles, so that the profile of the confinement enclosure 3 in the plane R comprises several rectangular trapezoids whose large base is closer to the upper wall 305 than the small one base. This shape helps limit ricochets of fragments of component 1, while directing such ricochets in a direction opposite to that of tree 2.
[0043] According to a fifth illustrated embodiment [Fig.6], the profile of the inner wall 32e may be in the form of a curve and have several concavities and / or convexities in the plane R, for example in the form of a parametric curve.
[0044] According to a sixth illustrated embodiment [Fig.7], the profile of the inner wall 32f may be in the form of an irregular broken line, so that the inner wall 32f has several inclined faces to trap the fragments of component 1.
[0045] In the following embodiments, the containment enclosure 3 comprises several annular portions 300a. The annular portions 300a are in the plane P of the rings or hollow cylinders and the containment enclosure 3 is assembled by stacking these annular portions 300a, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the containment enclosure 3 in the test bench 0. The stacked ring portions 300a form a continuous inner surface constituting an inner wall 32g, 32h, 32i of the containment enclosure 3 and a continuous outer surface constituting an outer wall 31 of the containment enclosure 3.
[0046] According to a seventh illustrated embodiment [Fig.8], the profile of the inner wall 32g has a succession of trapezoids. The inner wall 32g is formed by stacking annular portions 300a of trapezoidal profile by placing their large base on the small base of an annular portion 300a already laid.
[0047] According to an eighth illustrated embodiment [Fig.9], the profile of the inner wall 32h is a line formed by stacking portions 300a having different angles of incidence depending on the height h, which makes it possible to adapt to the different projections of fragments. In the example of [Fig.9], the inner wall 32h has a continuous profile in the plane R, so that the angle of incidence decreases with the height h.
[0048] According to a ninth embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 10], the profile of the inner wall 32i is a broken line formed by stacking trapezoidal annular portions 300a by alternating their position, in order to trap the fragments projected into the hollows thus formed.
[0049] According to a tenth embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 11], the inclination of the inner wall 32j of the containment enclosure 3 is obtained by using a part 8 comprising an angle and inserted against a wall 33 of a portion 300a, 300b or of a containment enclosure 3 of a single piece. Such a part 8 is more precisely a part of triangular profile, of height less than or equal to the height h, placed in contact with the containment enclosure 3 so as to vary the distance between the radially inner wall 32j and the axis A over the height h.
[0050] The use of part 8 makes it possible to obtain the advantages of the invention for pre-existing containment enclosures 3, which therefore avoids specific production or modification.
[0051] According to an eleventh illustrated embodiment [Fig. 12], the containment enclosure 3 comprises several portions 300b. Each portion 300b comprises two lateral faces 303. In the plane P, the portions 300b are hollow or solid cylinder sectors and the containment enclosure 3 is assembled by juxtaposing these portions 300b by their respective lateral faces 303, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the containment enclosure 3 in the test bench 0. The juxtaposed ring portions 300b form a continuous inner surface constituting an inner wall 32 of the containment enclosure 3 and a continuous outer surface constituting an outer wall 31 of the containment enclosure 3.
[0052] Each portion 300b may have a profile conforming to one of the preceding embodiments, so that the juxtaposed ring portions 300b form an inner wall 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e, 32f.
[0053] Of course, the description given here cannot be exhaustive and limit the invention to the given embodiment examples only. In particular, any profile shape comprising an adequate inclination to reduce the energy of the impact of a fragment of the component 1, that is to say any profile shape whose thickness e is variable over the height h, is conceivable for the inner wall 32.
[0054] The containment enclosure 3 is preferably composed of one or more materials that can be laminated or agglomerated. Alternatively, a matrix composite or a textile material, a metal such as aluminum, or a fiber such as Kevlar may be used. These materials offer sufficient strength to ensure the containment of the projected fragments while preserving them sufficiently for post-test analysis. For the same purpose, it is possible to include fluids, in particular rheothickening fluids, in the containment enclosure 3.
[0055] The inclination of the inner wall 32 makes it possible to reduce the energy of the impact of a fragment of the component 1 on the inner surface 32 of the confinement enclosure 3. Indeed, the speed of such a fragment is broken down into a normal component and a tangential component, the normal component being written:
[0056] Vnormale ~ total'
[0057] Where total is the total velocity and 0 is the angle of incidence. With a zero angle of incidence 0, the fragment of component 1 has a maximum impact velocity on the inner wall 32a-k of the containment enclosure 3 and the fragment therefore releases a large amount of kinetic energy. If the angle of incidence 0 is non-zero, the normal component V normal decreases. For example, with an angle of incidence 0 of the inner wall 32 of 45° the normal component V normal is divided approximately by two, which greatly reduces the kinetic energy transmitted to the portion 300a, 300b impacted by the fragment. The invention thus makes it possible to reduce the violence of the impacts by improving the confinement enclosures 3 as proposed, which consequently makes it possible to design confinement enclosures 3 of reduced thickness while increasing the safety of the test bench 0, but also to damage the fragments less for their analysis.
[0058] On the other hand, in order to improve the realism of the tests conducted in the test bench 0, it is possible to integrate therein means for controlling the temperature of the test environment, for example an oven 5. Such an oven 5, arranged around the component 1, makes it possible for example to raise the temperature of the component 1 to simulate the real physical constraints to which the part is subjected in operation in a turbomachine. The oven 5 is for single use since it will be destroyed by the fragments of the component 1.
[0059] In certain existing test benches 0, the shaft 2, the furnace 5 and the component 1 are supported by a cover 7, movable in translation along the axis A to be positioned in height in order to facilitate the assembly of the component 1, the confinement enclosure 3 and possibly the furnace 5. The cover 7 is positioned lower during the tests, in order to place the component I in the zone confined by the confinement enclosure 3.
[0060] A method of testing a component 1 using the test bench 0 described above is described below in relation to [Fig. 13].
[0061] The implementation of the test bench 0 requires firstly carrying out a step E0 consisting of putting, if present, the cover 7 of the bench in the high position, then a step E1 of anchoring the component 1 to the rotational drive shaft 2. If a part 8 is used, it is necessary to install it at the location of the containment enclosure 3 during a step E2. The following step is step E3 of installing the containment enclosure 3 by juxtaposition of portions 300b or by stacking portions 300a according to the second embodiment, the stacking then following a precise order aimed at obtaining a particular profile of the inner wall 32, as described in the second embodiment. Whatever the embodiment, the portions 300a or 300b must form a continuous inner wall 32 inclined relative to the axis A.The test itself can then begin with a step E5 consisting of placing the cover 7 in the low position and rotating the component 1 by the rotation drive shaft 2, the rotation speed following a pre-established protocol, which generally includes a progressive acceleration of the speed of the shaft 2 until the component 1 bursts. A step E7 of stopping the rotation after the component 1 bursts and possibly lifting the cover 7 is followed by a step E8 of uninstalling the containment enclosure 3. During step . final E9, the fragments of test piece 1 contained in containment enclosure 3 are extracted for examination.
[0062] If the test bench 0 comprises a furnace 5, it is necessary to install the furnace 5 around the component 1 during a step E4, then to heat it during a step E6 located before, simultaneously with or after the rotation of the component by the shaft 2. In this configuration, the temperature of the furnace 5 can be modified during the test, for example by gradually increasing it until the component 1 bursts, in order to test the thermal properties of the component 1.
Claims
Claims
1. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component (1), comprising a shaft (2) extending along an axis A, the shaft being rotatable about the axis A, the shaft (2) being configured to drive the component (1) in rotation, the test bench (0) comprising a containment enclosure (3) arranged coaxially around the shaft (2) and configured to receive a fragment having burst by driving the component (1) in rotation within the containment enclosure (3) without damaging a fracture surface of the fragment, the containment enclosure (3) being delimited, radially with respect to the axis A, by a radially inner wall (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e, 32f, 32g, 32h, 32i, 32j), a radially outer wall (31 ), and the containment enclosure (3) having a height (h) which extends along the axis A, the radially outer wall (31) being at a constant distance from the axis A over the height (h), the radially inner wall (32a, 32b, 32c,32d, 32e, 32f, 32g, 32h, 32i, 32j) and the radially outer wall (31) defining, radially with respect to the axis A, a thickness (e) of the confinement enclosure, the thickness (e) being variable over the height (h) of the confinement enclosure (3).,
2. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to claim 1, in which the profile of a section of the confinement enclosure (3) in a radial plane is trapezoidal in shape.
3. A test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to claim 1, in which the profile of the radially inner wall (32d, 32e, 32g, 32h, 32i) in a section of the containment enclosure (3) taken in a radial plane has a broken line.
4. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to claim 1, in which the profile of the radially inner wall (32f) in a section of the confinement enclosure (3) taken in a radial plane has a concavity and / or a convexity.
5. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to claim 1, in which the confinement enclosure (3) taken in a radial plane has a triangular profile (8).
6. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the containment enclosure (3) comprises one or more materials from among a laminate, a agglomerate, a matrix composite, a textile, a metal, Kevlar, a shear-thickening fluid.
7. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the radially inner wall (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e, 32f, 32g, 32h, 32i, 32j) is inclined at least in part relative to the radially outer wall (31) by an angle of between 10° and 80°.
8. Test bench (0) for bursting a turbomachine component according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which a retention element (4) is arranged coaxially around the confinement enclosure (3) and is made of a material having a hardness greater than the material constituting the confinement enclosure (3), the retention element (4) being configured to capture a fragment having passed through the confinement enclosure (3).
9. Method for testing a component (1) in a test bench (0) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: - E1 securing the component (1) in rotation with respect to the shaft (2); - E3 placing the containment enclosure (3) around the shaft (2); - E5 rotating the component (1) by the shaft (2) until the component (1) bursts; - E7 stopping the rotation of the shaft (2); - E8 removing the containment enclosure (3); - E9 extracting the fragments of the component (1) resulting from the bursting of the component (1).
10. A method of testing a component (1) using a test bench (0) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the turbomachine component (1) is a turbomachine disk.