MEASURING TOOL
A measuring tool with a sliding connection and indicators allows for quick and precise measurement of flange defects, addressing the lack of efficient methods to assess flange positioning in nuclear power plants, ensuring regulatory compliance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023010386
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-09-29
AI Technical Summary
There is no simple and quick method to measure relative positioning defects between flanges of pipes, which are crucial for compliance with nuclear safety regulations, particularly in nuclear power plants where elastomer compensating sleeves are used to absorb dynamic and static stresses.
A measuring tool comprising a reference flange and a measuring flange connected via a sliding mechanism, equipped with indicators to measure axial spacing, alignment, and angular offsets, allowing for precise assessment of defects such as axial separation, alignment misalignment, and parallelism between flanges.
Enables simple and rapid measurement of relative positioning defects between flanges, ensuring compliance with nuclear safety regulations by facilitating the identification of defects that can be compensated by compensating sleeves.
Smart Images
Figure 00000015_0000 
Figure 00000015_0001 
Figure 00000016_0000
Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: MEASURING TOOL Technical field
[0001] The present application relates to a tool for measuring relative positioning defects between two pipes, more precisely a tool for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, as well as a method for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, using such a measuring tool. The invention applies in particular to positioning defects configured to be compensated for by a compensating sleeve, preferably made of elastomer. STATE OF THE ART
[0002] During the shutdown of a nuclear unit, maintenance of hydraulic circuits important for safety is one of the activities with high safety stakes, for which compliance with the timing is essential. On these systems, elastomer compensating sleeves (EMS) play an important role in ensuring the sealing of the junctions between two pipes. These devices ensure the absorption of dynamic and static stresses. Excessive stresses also contribute to their mechanical fatigue as well as their wear and can lead to their rupture. On a nuclear site, vibrations as well as thermomechanical stresses due to the passage of fluid at different temperatures are at the origin of these dynamic stresses.
[0003] The main functions of an MCE are: - to protect the hydraulic circuit, by limiting mechanical forces in the pipes, linked to dimensional variations during operation (thermal expansion, pressure / background effect, earthquake), - to absorb vibrations, and to a lesser extent to reduce noise, and - to reduce the effect of water hammer.
[0004] The stresses are absorbed by a specific bellows part made of flexible elastomer. ECM manufacturers define maximum limitations to the defects taken up by an ECM. These defects are clearly identified by the manufacturers and compliance with the tolerances is imperative in nuclear regulations. These defects are four in number: axial separation also called expansion / compression, parallelism, alignment misalignment also called coaxiality defect, and angular misalignment also called torsion.
[0005] The conformity of an assembly with respect to regulations, for example of the regie- nuclear power, requires compliance with the four tolerances. However, there is no device for measuring such defects simply and quickly. Description of the invention
[0006] An aim of the present application is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a measuring tool making it possible to measure the relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, and this in a simple and rapid manner.
[0007] To this end, the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a measuring tool configured to measure relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, the measuring tool comprising: - a reference flange, and - a measuring flange, a sliding connection connecting the reference flange and the measuring flange, the reference flange being configured to be fixed on the first flange, the sliding connection allowing the measuring flange to slide relative to the reference flange along a reference axis, until the measuring flange is in contact with the second flange, the measuring flange carrying: - a first measurement indicator configured to, when the measurement flange is in contact with the second flange, indicate an axial spacing defect along the reference axis relative to a nominal axial spacing between the first flange and the second flange, and - a second measuring indicator configured to, when the measuring flange is in contact with the second flange, indicate an alignment offset between a first axis of the first flange and a second axis of the second flange and an angular offset around the reference axis between the first flange and the second flange.
[0008] Thus, using such a measuring tool, it is simple to measure the relative positioning defects between the first flange and the second flange. The axial spacing defect is measured using the first measuring indicator, and the alignment offset defect and the angular offset defect are measured using the second measuring indicator. Furthermore, due to the contact of the measuring flange with the second flange, it is particularly simple to measure a parallelism defect a between the first flange and the second flange.Thus, it is sufficient to measure the maximum distance d between the measuring flange and the second flange, the maximum distance d being opposite the contact between the measuring flange and the second flange, then . to apply the formula: a = sin '(d / Dext), where: a is the lack of parallelism, d is the maximum distance measured between the measuring flange and the second flange, Dext is the outside diameter of the second flange.
[0009] A measuring tool is therefore available for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, simply and quickly.
[0010] According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a method for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange, the method comprising the following steps: - when an elastomer compensating sleeve is installed between the first flange and the second flange, dismantle the elastomer compensating sleeve, - mount the measuring tool in accordance with the first aspect on the first flange, position and fix the reference flange on the first flange, - slide the measuring flange relative to the reference flange until the measuring flange is in contact with the second flange, then hold the measuring flange in position relative to the reference flange, - measure an axial gap defect along the reference axis between the first flange and the second flange using the first measuring indicator, - measuring an alignment misalignment defect between a first axis of the first flange and a second axis of the second flange and an angular misalignment defect between the first flange and the second flange by means of the second measuring indicator, - measuring a parallelism defect between the first flange and the second flange, by measuring the maximum distance d between the measuring flange and the second flange, the maximum distance d being opposite a point of contact between the measuring flange and the second flange.
[0011] The invention is advantageously and optionally supplemented by the following characteristics, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combinations:
[0012] - The measuring tool comprises at least one positioning element configured to positioning the reference flange on the first flange, preferably at least one pair of positioning elements diametrically opposed to the reference axis, more preferably two, three, four, five or six pairs of positioning elements diametrically opposed to the reference axis. Thus, the positioning of the reference flange on the first flange is facilitated. The measuring tool is therefore easier to set up.
[0013] - Each positioning element is axially engaged in a through hole of the reference flange and is configured to pass through a through hole of the first flange.
[0014] - Each positioning element is a pawn. Thus, the use of pawns as that positioning elements is particularly simple and allows the reference flange to be centered on the first flange.
[0015] - The diameter of the pin is adjusted, preferably equal, to the diameter of the through hole of the reference flange and the diameter of the through hole of the first flange. This makes positioning particularly precise.
[0016] - The measuring tool comprises at least one fixing element configured to fix the reference flange on the first flange, preferably at least one pair of fixing elements diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis, more preferably two, three, four, five or six pairs of fixing elements diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis. Thus, the measurement via the measuring tool is simpler to carry out because the measuring tool is fixed on the first flange.
[0017] - Each fixing element is axially engaged in a through hole of the reference flange and is configured to pass through a through hole in the first flange.
[0018] - Each fastener is a bolt. Thus, the fastener is particu completely simple.
[0019] - One of the reference flange or the measuring flange has a male plug, the other of the measuring flange or the reference flange comprising a female socket, the male plug being slidably mounted in the female socket to make the sliding connection. Thus, the sliding connection is made in a simple and precise manner.
[0020] - The male plug comprises two opposite dovetails connected to each other by a spacer. This improves the precision of the sliding connection.
[0021] - The female socket comprises at least one guide strip, preferably two identical guide bars. This improves the precision of the sliding connection.
[0022] - The female socket has a stop and the male plug has a groove oblong extending longitudinally along the reference axis, the stop being slidably mounted in the oblong groove along the reference axis. Thus, the first measuring indicator may be at least partially formed by the stop. Indeed, the longitudinal dimension of the oblong groove may correspond to the maximum permissible axial separation defects along the reference axis relative to a nominal axial separation between the first flange and the second flange, these maximum permissible defects corresponding for example to the maximum defects capable of being compensated for by a compensation sleeve such as an MCE. In this case, when the stop reaches one end of the oblong groove before the measuring tool is arranged between the first flange and the second flange such that the measuring flange comes into contact with the second flange, it is already determined that a compensation sleeve will not be able to compensate for the relative positioning error.
[0023] - The stop is formed by a nipple screw. Thus, the stop is made in a parti particularly simple.
[0024] - The reference flange comprises a reference disc.
[0025] - The measuring flange comprises a measuring disc.
[0026] - The reference disc is identical to the measuring disc.
[0027] - The reference disc comprises at least one pair of diamétric through holes trally opposite with respect to the reference axis. Thus, the reference flange can easily be positioned and fixed on the first flange. Indeed, pipe flanges, in particular the first flange and the second flange, conventionally comprise several pairs of through holes.
[0028] - The measuring disc comprises at least one pair of diamétric through holes strictly opposite with respect to the reference axis.
[0029] - The measuring disc comprises the second measuring indicator, which indicates the angular offset of each through hole of the measuring disc and configured for the measurement of the angular offset around the reference axis between the through hole of the measuring disc and a through hole of the second flange. Thus, the measurement of the angular offset can be carried out easily.
[0030] - The second flange of the second pipe is distant from the first flange in order to connect the first pipe to the second pipe by a compensation sleeve fixed on the first flange and on the second flange.
[0031] - In the absence of a relative positioning defect between the first flange and the second flange, a compensation sleeve may be mounted between the first flange and the second flange and may be fixed to the first flange and to the second flange.
[0032] - The reference disc is surmounted radially by a radial stop of posi operation, preferably by a portion of ferrule. This makes positioning the reference flange easier.
[0033] - The radial positioning stop is configured to have a complement shape correspondence with the first flange such that the radial positioning stop is radially supported on the first flange when the reference flange is positioned on the first flange.
[0034] - The ferrule portion extends in an arc around the reference axis, preferably the arc being equal to 180°. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0035] Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description below, which is purely illustrative and non-limiting, and which must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings, given as non-limiting examples and in which:
[0036] [Fig-1] represents a schematic view of a measuring tool conforming to a method of embodiment, arranged between a first flange of a first pipe and a second flange of a second pipe distant from the first flange;
[0037] [Fig.2] represents two schematic perspective views of a reference flange of the measuring tool shown in [Fig.l];
[0038] [Fig.3] represents a schematic perspective view of a measuring flange of the measuring tool shown in [Fig.l];
[0039] [Fig.4] represents a positioning element of a measuring tool conforming to a embodiment;
[0040] [Fig.5] is a schematic side view of the measuring flange shown in [Fig.3];
[0041] [Fig.6] represents a guide strip of a measuring tool according to one embodiment;
[0042] [Fig.7] is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a compliant measurement method to an embodiment.
[0043] Throughout the figures, similar elements bear identical references. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] [Fig. 1] represents a measuring tool 1 according to one embodiment, arranged between a first pipe 3 and a second pipe 5. More precisely, the measuring tool 1 is arranged between a first flange 7 of the first pipe 3 and a second flange 9 of the second pipe 5 distant from the first flange 7. The second flange 9 is distant from the first flange 7 in order to connect the first pipe 3 to the second pipe 5 by a compensation sleeve fixed on the first flange 7 and on the second flange 9. In this example, the diameter of the first flange 7 is equal to the diameter of the second flange 9. The measuring tool 1 is configured to measure relative positioning defects between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9.In the absence of a defect, or even in the absence of an out-of-tolerance defect, in the relative positioning between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9, a compensation sleeve can be mounted between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9 and can be fixed to the first flange 7 and to the second flange 9.
[0045] The measuring tool 1 comprises a reference flange 11, also shown in [Fig.2], and a measuring flange 13, also shown in [Fig.3].
[0046] As shown in [Fig.l], a sliding connection connects the flange of reference 11 and the measuring flange 13. The reference flange 11 is configured to be fixed, preferably precisely, on the first flange 7. The sliding connection allows the measuring flange 13 to slide relative to the reference flange 11 along a reference axis X, until the measuring flange 13 is in contact with the second flange 9.
[0047] The measuring tool 1 comprises at least one positioning element 15 configured to position the reference flange 11 on the first flange 7, preferably at least one pair of positioning elements 15 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X, more preferably two, three, four, five or six pairs of positioning elements 15 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X. In this example, as shown in [Fig. 4], each positioning element 15 is a pin. For example, the reference flange 11 is positioned on the first flange 7 via a pair of pins. Each positioning element 15 is axially engaged in a through hole 17 of the reference flange 11 and is configured to pass through a through hole 19 of the first flange 7. In this example, each pin has for example a calibrated body adjusted to the through holes 17 and a head.
[0048] Advantageously, the diameter of the pin is adjusted, preferably equal, to the diameter of the through hole 17 of the reference flange 11 and to the diameter of the through hole 19 of the first flange 7.
[0049] Furthermore, as shown in [Fig.l], the measuring tool 1 comprises at least one fixing element 21 configured to fix the reference flange 11 on the first flange 7, preferably at least one pair of fixing elements 21 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X, more preferably two, three, four, five or six pairs of fixing elements 21 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X. Each fixing element 21 is axially engaged in a through hole 17 of the reference flange 11 and is configured to pass through a through hole 19 of the first flange 7. In this example, each fixing element 21 is a bolt. For example, the reference flange 11 is fixed on the first flange 7 via a pair of bolts.
[0050] The measuring flange 13 carries a first measuring indicator 22, which is shown in [Fig. 5]. The first measuring indicator 22 is configured to, when the measuring flange 13 is in contact with the second flange 9, indicate an axial spacing defect along the reference axis X relative to a nominal axial spacing between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9. In this example, the first measuring indicator 22 is formed by a graduated ruler, the zero of which is positioned at the nominal axial spacing, i.e. the standard length of the MCE, for example the length of the MCE in the absence of stress.
[0051] The measuring flange 13 also carries a second measuring indicator 23. The second measuring indicator 23 is configured to, when the measuring flange 13 is in contact with the second flange 9, indicate an alignment offset between a first axis R of the first flange 7 and a second axis M of the second flange 9 and an angular offset around the reference axis X between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9. When the measuring tool 1 is positioned and fixed on the first flange 7, the reference axis X coincides with the first axis R. In this example, the second measuring indicator 23 is formed by a number of pairs of graduations arranged around the measuring flange 13 and diametrically opposed, the number of which corresponds for example to the number of pairs of diametrically opposed through holes 51 of the second flange 9.The zero of each graduation is aligned with a marking made around the second flange 9 in the absence of angular offset between the measuring flange 13 and the second flange 9.
[0052] Furthermore, one of the reference flange 11 or the measuring flange 13 comprises a male plug 24, the other of the measuring flange 13 or the reference flange 11 comprising a female socket 25. In this example, the measuring flange 13 comprises the male plug 24, and the reference flange 11 comprises the female socket 25. The male plug 24 is slidably mounted in the female socket 25 to achieve the sliding connection. For this, the male plug 24 comprises two dovetails 27 opposite and connected to each other by a spacer 29, and the female socket 25 comprises at least one guide strip 31, shown in [Fig. 6], preferably two identical guide strips 31. Each guide strip 31 is engaged in a housing 33 of the female socket 25.Each guide strip 31 is also pressed against a corresponding dovetail 27 of the male plug 24, by means of screws engaged in threaded holes 35 opening into the housing 33, preferably two screws engaged in two threaded holes 35, as shown in [Fig. 2]. These screws thus make it possible to maintain the measuring flange 13 in position relative to the reference flange 11, in particular once the measuring flange 13 is in contact with the second flange 9.
[0053] The female socket 25 also comprises a stop 37. In this example, the stop 37 is formed by a stud screw, which is engaged in a threaded hole 39. The male plug 24 also comprises an oblong groove 41 extending longitudinally along the reference axis X. The stop 37 is slidably mounted in the oblong groove 41 along the reference axis X.
[0054] As shown in particular in [Fig. 2], the reference flange 11 comprises a reference disc 43. In this example, the diameter of the reference disc 43 is equal to the diameter of the first flange 7. The reference disc 43 comprises at least one pair of through holes 17 diametrically opposed relative to the reference axis X, in this example four pairs of through holes 17 diametrically opposite with respect to the reference axis X. The through holes 17 are configured to be aligned with the through holes 19 when the reference flange 11 is positioned and fixed on the first flange 7. The reference disc 43 is also surmounted radially by a radial positioning stop 45. Thus, the reference flange 11 comprises the reference disc 43, from which the female socket 25 extends axially, and around which the radial positioning stop 45 extends. The radial positioning stop 45 is configured to have a complementary shape with the first flange 7 such that the radial positioning stop 45 is radially supported on the first flange 7 when the reference flange 11 is positioned on the first flange 7. In this example, the radial positioning stop 45 is a portion of a ferrule.The ferrule portion extends in an arc around the reference axis X, preferably the arc being equal to 180°.
[0055] As shown in particular in [Fig. 3], the measuring flange 13 comprises a measuring disc 47. Thus, the measuring flange 13 comprises the measuring disc 47, from which the male plug 24 extends axially. In this example, the diameter of the measuring disc 47 is equal to the diameter of the second flange 9. In this example, the measuring disc 47 and the reference disc 43 are identical. The measuring disc 47 comprises at least one pair of through holes 49 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X, preferably two, three, four, five or six pairs of through holes 49 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X. For example, the measuring disc 47 comprises the same number of through holes as the second flange 9. Thus, when the measuring disc 47 is aligned without angular offset with the second flange 9, the through holes 49 of the measuring disc 47 are aligned with the through holes 51 of the second flange 9.In the example shown, the measuring disc 43 has four pairs of through holes 49 diametrically opposed with respect to the reference axis X.
[0056] The measuring disc 47 comprises the second measuring indicator 23, which indicates the angular offset of each through hole 49 of the measuring disc 47 and configured for measuring the angular offset about the reference axis X between the through hole 49 of the measuring disc 47 and a through hole 51 of the second flange 9.
[0057] [Fig.7] represents the main steps of a method for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange 7 of a first pipe 3 and a second flange 9 of a second pipe 5 distant from the first flange 7. Thus, the measuring tool 1 previously described is configured to implement the measuring method described below.
[0058] Such a measuring method comprises, for example, the following steps: - PI when an elastomer compensating sleeve is installed between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9, disassemble the elastomer compensating sleeve, - PI 1 mount the measuring tool 1 previously described on the first flange 7, position and fix the reference flange 11 on the first flange 7, - P20 slide the measuring flange 13 relative to the reference flange 11 until the measuring flange 13 is in contact with the second flange 9, then hold the measuring flange 13 in position relative to the reference flange 11, - P30 measure an axial spacing defect along the reference axis X between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9 by means of the first measuring indicator 22, - P40 measure an alignment offset defect between a first axis R of the first flange 7 and a second axis M of the second flange 9 and an angular offset defect between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9 by means of the second measuring indicator 23, - P50 measure a parallelism defect between the first flange 7 and the second flange 9, by measuring the maximum distance d between the measuring flange 13 and the second flange 9, the maximum distance d being located opposite the contact, more precisely opposite a contact point, between the measuring flange 13 and the second flange 9.
[0059] For example, the detection method further comprises the following steps:
[0060] - Prior to step Fold, P10 mount the measuring tool 1 previously described on the second flange 9, position the measuring flange 13 on the second flange 9 by means of positioning elements 15, optionally fix the measuring flange 13 on the second flange 9 by means of fixing elements 21, make several markings on the second flange 9, each marking being aligned with each zero of the graduations of the second measuring indicator 23, remove the positioning elements 15, optionally remove the fixing elements 21, and dismantle the measuring tool 1 from the second flange 9.
[0061] - Step P50 is followed by a step P51 of calculating the parallelism defect in ap folding the formula: a = sin '(d / Dext), where: a is the lack of parallelism, d is the maximum distance measured between the measuring flange 13 and the second flange 9, Dext is the outside diameter of the second flange 9.
[0062] - Step P40 is followed by a step P41 of calculating the angular offset in ap- folding the formula: t = + T(iÿ Or : t is the angular offset, n is the number of pairs of diametrically opposite graduations,
[0063] i, i' is a pair of diametrically opposite graduations,
[0064] T(i) is the measurement of the angular value of the graduation i relative to the corresponding marking made around the second flange 9.
[0065] n is for example between 1 and 6. In this example, n is equal to 4, and the pairs of diametrically opposite graduations are placed correspondingly to the diametrically opposite through holes 51, for example highlighted in [Fig.3] by the letters A, A'; B, B'; C, C'; D, D'.
[0066] - Step P40 is followed by a step P42 of calculating the alignment offset in ap folding the formula = Or : c is the alignment offset, n is the number of pairs of diametrically opposite graduations,
[0067] i, i' is a pair of diametrically opposite graduations,
[0068] T(i) is the measurement of the angular value of the graduation i relative to the corresponding marking made around the second flange 9.
[0069] n is for example between 1 and 6. In this example, n is equal to 4, and the pairs of diametrically opposite graduations are placed correspondingly to the diametrically opposite through holes 51, for example highlighted in [Fig.3] by the letters A, A'; B, B'; C, C'; D, D'.
Claims
Claims
1. Measuring tool (1) configured to measure relative positioning defects between a first flange (7) of a first pipe (3) and a second flange (9) of a second pipe (5) distant from the first flange (7), the measuring tool (1) being characterized in that it comprises: - a reference flange (11), and - a measuring flange (13), a sliding connection connecting the reference flange (11) and the measuring flange (13), the reference flange (11) being configured to be fixed on the first flange (7), the sliding connection allowing sliding of the measuring flange (13) relative to the reference flange (11) along a reference axis X, until the measuring flange (13) is in contact with the second flange (9), the measuring flange (13) carrying: - a first measurement indicator (22) configured so that, when the measuring flange (13) is in contact with the second flange (9),indicate an axial spacing defect along the reference axis X relative to a nominal axial spacing between the first flange (7) and the second flange (9), and - a second measurement indicator (23) configured to, when the measurement flange (13) is in contact with the second flange (9), indicate an alignment offset between a first axis R of the first flange (7) and a second axis M of the second flange (9) and an angular offset around the reference axis X between the first flange (7) and the second flange (9).,
2. Measuring tool (1) according to claim 1, which comprises at least one positioning element (15) configured to position the reference flange (11) on the first flange (7).
3. Measuring tool (1) according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises at least one fixing element (21) configured to fix the reference flange (11) on the first flange (7).
4. A measuring tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one of the reference flange (11) or the measuring flange (13) comprises a male plug (24), the other of the measuring flange (13) or the reference flange (11) comprises a female socket (25), the plug male (24) being slidably mounted in the female socket (25) to create the sliding connection.
5. Measuring tool (1) according to claim 4, wherein the male plug (24) comprises two dovetails (27) opposite and connected to each other by a spacer (29).
6. Measuring tool (1) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the female socket (25) comprises at least one guide strip (31), preferably two identical guide strips (31).
7. Measuring tool (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the female socket (25) comprises a stop (37) and the male plug (24) comprises an oblong groove (41) extending longitudinally along the reference axis X, the stop (37) being slidably mounted in the oblong groove (41) along the reference axis X to form the first measurement indicator (22).
8. Measuring tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: - the reference flange (11) comprises a reference disc (43), - the measuring flange (13) comprises a measuring disc (47), the reference disc (43) and the measuring disc (47) each comprising at least one pair of through holes (17, 49) diametrically opposite with respect to the reference axis X.
9. Measuring tool (1) according to claim 8, wherein the measuring disc (47) comprises the second measuring indicator (23), which indicates the angular offset of each through hole (49) of the measuring disc (47) and configured for measuring the angular offset about the reference axis X between the through hole (49) of the measuring disc (47) and a through hole (51) of the second flange (9).
10. A method for measuring relative positioning defects between a first flange (7) of a first pipe (3) and a second flange (9) of a second pipe (5) distant from the first flange (7), the method comprising the following steps: - mounting the measuring tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 on the first flange (7), positioning and fixing the reference flange (11) on the first flange (7), - sliding the measuring flange (13) relative to the reference flange (11) until the measuring flange (13) is in contact with the second flange (9), then holding the measuring flange (13) in position relative to the reference flange (11), - measuring an axial spacing defect along the reference axis X between the first flange (7) and the second flange (9) by means of the first measuring indicator (22), - measuring an alignment misalignment defect between a first axis R of the first flange (7) and a second axis M of the second flange (9) and an angular misalignment defect between the first flange (7) and the second flange (9) by means of the second measuring indicator (23), - measuring a parallelism defect between the first flange (7) and the second flange (9), by measuring the maximum distance d between the measuring flange (13) and the second flange (9), the maximum distance d being located opposite a contact point between the measuring flange (13) and the second flange (9).