Autonomous device for the evaluation of neurocognitive and physiological functions related to motion sickness and simulator sickness.

Abstract

The invention relates to a portable and self-contained device for the assessment of sensory and cognitive disorders, characterized in that it comprises: a processing unit configured for real-time data acquisition and analysis; an ECG module for capturing the user's heart rate variability (HRV) in response to sensory and cognitive stimuli; an inertial measurement unit (IMU) comprising an accelerometer and a gyroscope, configured to detect and record the user's movements and posture; a capacitive touchscreen for user interaction for the performance of standardized cognitive tests; integrated memory for storing captured data and programs; a wireless connectivity module for transmitting data to an external device;and in that the device is configured to perform in real time at least one assessment of the impact of disturbing sensory stimuli, including motion sickness and cybersickness, in uncontrolled environments. Figure from abstract: 1;

Description

Title of the invention: Autonomous device for the evaluation of neurocognitive and physiological functions related to motion sickness and simulator sickness. Scope of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of neurocognitive and physiological assessment devices, specifically oriented towards the detection and analysis of sensory disorders, such as motion sickness and cyber sickness.

[0002] Motion sickness and cybersickness are common sensory disorders linked to a desynchronization of sensory information received by the brain, particularly between the vestibular system (inner ear), visual signals, and proprioception. These disorders often result in symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, disorientation, and significant stress related to the anticipation of exposure to these disturbing environments.

[0003] Standardized cognitive tests, usually administered on computers or in clinical settings, have several limitations when applied to patients with sensory or cognitive impairments. The configuration of these systems, as well as their lack of portability, prevents testing in real-world environments, which is particularly problematic for conditions like motion sickness, which often occurs during movement. Furthermore, computer-based devices do not allow for the simultaneous assessment of physiological responses, such as heart rate, oxygenation, or posture, which are crucial indicators in analyzing states of fatigue or disorientation.

[0004] This field relates more particularly to portable and autonomous devices enabling real-time evaluation of the user's physiological and cognitive reactions in dynamic and uncontrolled environments.

[0005] It also relates to virtual and augmented reality technologies for the study of the effects of immersive visual stimuli and sensory conflicts, for applications in neuropsychology, cognitive ergonomics, and stress physiology.

[0006] Traditionally, neurocognitive and physiological tests for assessing these disorders are conducted in clinical or laboratory settings, which limits their applicability in real-world and dynamic contexts. Furthermore, conventional assessment devices often rely on computers or infrastructure fixed and do not allow for real-time measurement of physiological or postural reactions.

[0007] The invention is positioned as a portable solution, enabling assessments in natural and uncontrolled environments. By integrating sensors such as an ECG and an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) module, it offers a comprehensive and mobile analysis of physiological and cognitive responses to sensory disorders. This device thus aims to fill the gaps in traditional assessment methods by providing a modular and autonomous solution, adapted to users' needs in various environments, whether on the go or in virtual immersion. State of the art

[0008] US patent 7717841B2 describes a motion-coupled visual environment that prevents, reduces, and / or treats motion sickness by detecting inertial motion and displaying a corresponding evocative image for viewing by a subject. Inertial sensors may include accelerometers, gyroscopes, or a variety of other sensor types. A cross-coupling algorithm may be used to correlate various detected inertial motions. A plurality of routing schemes may be used to route a detected inertial motion to a corresponding motion in the evocative scene displayed on a screen.

[0009] The environment makes it possible to reduce motion sickness in passengers travelling in vehicles, such as aircraft, trains and cars and in military vehicles, such as boats, planes, helicopters and the like, and also to reduce 'virtual sickness' in the context of simulations on mobile platforms.

[0010] US patent 10657655B2 describes another example of a virtual reality (VR) content-induced discomfort assessment apparatus, the apparatus comprising memory; and at least one processor connected to the memory, and configured to execute computer-readable instructions included in the memory, wherein at least one processor is configured to analyze visual recognition information according to a visual recognition motion feature based on a change in the movement of the VR content. Posture recognition information is analyzed according to a posture recognition motion feature based on a change in the movement of a user, the change being received from a detection module; and to determine a degree of VR content-induced discomfort from a difference between the visual recognition information and the posture recognition information, wherein at least one The processor is configured to analyze a change in motion of the VR content that the user recognizes with their eyes, using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and convolutional short-term memory (conv LSTM) and extract visual recognition information from motion information based on the visual recognition motion characteristic of a temporal factor and a spatial factor using the CNN and convolutional short-term memory (conv LSTM).

[0011] US patent 5966680A describes a device and method functioning as an artificial maze to eliminate the sensory discrepancy between the natural labyrinthine / vestibular system and an individual's visual system. The present invention provides the user with an alternative means of determining the actual orientation of their body relative to the surrounding environment. The method can be implemented by means of a device that detects the body's actual orientation and displays the corresponding visual orientation cues that the brain can use to confirm other visual positional information. The display can be projected into the space in front of the user, directly onto the user's retina, or achieved by averaging a pictorial scene.This prior art device is intended for the rehabilitation treatment of individuals suffering from a deficiency or lesion of the vestibular nervous system, and for the relief of individuals suffering from nausea and / or vertigo, which are often the result of sensory discordance. Disadvantages of prior art

[0012] Prior art solutions require a computer and complex infrastructure to perform a complete and standardized evaluation of neurocognitive and physiological functions.

[0013] Laboratory tests do not always reflect the reality of individuals' everyday experiences. This introduces bias into the evaluation, making diagnoses less accurate, particularly for dynamic disorders such as motion sickness, cybersickness, or stressful situations. Solution provided by the invention

[0014] In order to overcome these drawbacks, the present invention relates to a portable and self-contained device for the assessment of sensory and cognitive disorders, characterized in that it comprises: - a processing unit configured for real-time data acquisition and analysis; - an ECG module for capturing the user's heart rate variability (HRV) in response to sensory and cognitive stimuli; - an inertial measurement unit (IMU) including an accelerometer and a gyroscope, configured to detect and record the user's movements and posture; - a capacitive touchscreen for user interaction for conducting standardized cognitive tests; - an integrated memory for storing captured data and programs; - a wireless connectivity module for transmitting data to an external device; and in that the device is configured to perform in real time at least one assessment of the impact of disturbing sensory stimuli, including motion sickness and cybersickness, in uncontrolled environments.

[0015] According to specific implementation methods:

[0016] The ECG module is configured to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) by detecting indicators of physiological stress, fatigue, and resilience to disturbing sensory stimuli.

[0017] The IMU module is configured to assess postural imbalances by capturing three-dimensional data on the orientation and acceleration of the user's body, thus providing an analysis of postural stability.

[0018] The capacitive touchscreen allows for the presentation of sequential cognitive tests, including cognitive flexibility tests, sensory interference tests, and tests of tolerance to dynamic visual stimuli.

[0019] The wireless connectivity module includes Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connectivity, enabling secure data transmission to an external storage device or a remote analysis application

[0020] The device is configured to display real-time performance indicators on the touchscreen, including values ​​such as heart rate, postural stability, and cognitive test results.

[0021] The device includes an energy-saving mode which automatically reduces the device's energy consumption when the sensors are not actively used

[0022] Data analysis is performed locally on the integrated processor, allowing for immediate evaluation of the user's neurocognitive and physiological responses to stimuli

[0023] The device is configured to perform self-calibration of the sensors to ensure the accuracy of movement and heart rate data in various environments and conditions of use.

[0024] Description of a non-limiting example of implementation

[0025] The present invention will be better understood upon reading the following description concerning a non-limiting embodiment, illustrated by the accompanying drawings where:

[0026] [Fig-1] Figure [Fig.1] represents a schematic diagram of the device according to the invention. General principle of the invention

[0027] The invention relates on the one hand to an autonomous and portable device with interfaces for capturing biological signals from the user and human-machine interactions, and on the other hand to a battery of tests recorded in the device's memory and executed by the device.

[0028] The device is in the form of a housing (10) having a touch screen (11), for example a capacitive touch screen for user interaction for the performance of standardized cognitive tests, and an electronic circuit (12). This electronic circuit (12) includes a processor (13) executing configured processes for the acquisition and analysis of data in real time and a memory (14) for storing the captured data and computer programs.

[0029] The device further comprises an ECG module (15) for capturing the user's heart rate variability (HRV) in response to sensory and cognitive stimuli, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) module (16) including an accelerometer and a gyroscope, configured to detect and record the user's movements and posture, and a wireless connectivity module (17) for transmitting data to an external device. The housing also includes LEDs (18, 19).

[0030] Description of ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal sensors

[0031] The device includes a connector for ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal sensors that measure the heart's electrical signals generated during each cardiac contraction. These signals are represented by a PQRST wave, which corresponds to the activity of the different phases of the cardiac cycle. The ECG sensor allows these signals to be measured in real time, offering precise resolution for assessing cardiac function in dynamic or resting situations. The ECG is used to observe heart rate and heart rhythm regularity, critical elements in contexts of stress, fatigue, or neurocognitive disorders.

[0032] The ECG sensor (20) works by placing two or more skin electrodes (21, 22) on the user's body, which capture the electrical potentials generated by the myocardial cells. These signals are then amplified, filtered, and analyzed by the device's processor to determine characteristics such as heart rate and specific intervals (PR, QT).

[0033] Heart rate variability (HRV) represents the fluctuation over time between two consecutive heartbeats, a key indicator of the autonomic nervous system. The ECG sensor allows this variability to be measured with high accuracy. To be precise, HRV analysis allows us to distinguish the activity of the two branches of the autonomic nervous system: - Sympathetic nervous system (related to stress and activity); - Parasympathetic nervous system (related to relaxation and rest).

[0034] A high HRV generally indicates a good balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, reflecting an increased ability to adapt to stressful situations. Conversely, a low HRV can be an indicator of fatigue, chronic stress, or other pathological conditions. The device according to the invention captures these fluctuations during postural and cognitive tests, or during rest and exertion phases (such as 3 minutes lying down followed by 3 minutes standing), thus making it possible to assess postural-cardio coherence and physiological responses to fatigue, alertness, and stress.

[0035] The ECG system uses reusable adhesive electrodes, specially designed for application to the skin without causing irritation. These electrodes are strategically positioned on the user's torso to capture cardiac electrical signals with high precision.

[0036] The electrodes (21, 22) are wired with low-impedance connectors to ensure good signal conductivity. The electrode materials (21, 22) are hypoallergenic and can be repositioned according to the user's anatomy.

[0037] The reference electrode is placed on the sternum, while the active electrodes are positioned on areas of the torso so as to maximize the capture of PQRST waves. This arrangement ensures optimal signal capture even during slight movements, thus reducing the risk of interference.

[0038] The ECG sensor (20) has a sensitivity of approximately 0.5 millivolts (mV), enabling precise detection of variations in the heart's electrical potential. This precision is essential for identifying cardiac irregularities such as arrhythmias and for performing accurate heart rate variability (HRV) analyses.

[0039] The signals captured by the ECG are processed in real time via sophisticated algorithms to ensure optimal data quality.

[0040] The invention uses advanced digital filters to suppress background noise and motion artifacts often caused by user movement.

[0041] Low-pass filtering eliminates unnecessary high frequencies that could interfere with ECG data, while adaptive filtering algorithms automatically adjust sensitivity according to user activity (movement, rest, etc.).

[0042] Once the ECG signals have been filtered, the heart rate variability (HRV) calculation algorithm analyzes the RR intervals (time between two heartbeats).

[0043] Two main approaches are used for HRV analysis: - Time analysis: This method directly measures fluctuations in RR intervals to determine heart rate drift over time. - Frequency analysis: This method uses the Fourier transform to separate ECG signals into different frequency bands, which makes it possible to distinguish variations due to components of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. HRV Analysis

[0044] Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis allows for the evaluation of the body's autonomic responses. The HRV system uses specific frequency bands to differentiate the responses of the sympathetic nervous system (related to the stress response) and the parasympathetic nervous system (related to relaxation).

[0045] The frequency bands used are as follows: - LF (Low Frequency, 0.04 to 0.15 Hz): Variations in this band are mainly influenced by the sympathetic nervous system, and are often associated with states of stress or physical exertion. - HF (High Frequency, 0.15 to 0.4 Hz): This band is primarily modulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, particularly during respiration and resting states. High activity in this band generally indicates good cardiac regulation and an ability to relax.

[0046] The ratio between the LF and HF bands is used to assess autonomic balance. A high ratio may indicate a predominance of stress or excessive activation of the sympathetic system, while a low ratio is often synonymous with relaxation or recovery.

[0047] Description of the IMU (Gyroscope and Accelerometer) module and postural measurements

[0048] The IMU module (16) is a component designed to measure body movements and postural balance in real time. This module (16) combines two main sensors:

[0049] The IMU module (16) combines a 3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer, which respectively measure the angular rotations and linear accelerations of the body in three dimensions (x, y, z). These sensors are designed to capture body movements, including postural micromovements, enabling a precise assessment of postural stability and dynamic balance.

[0050] The first sensor is a gyroscope: it measures angular rotations around the three axes (x, y, z) to detect changes in body orientation. It enables the tracking of rotational movements such as tilts or twists, often affected during episodes of motion sickness or sensory imbalances. The gyroscope of the IMU module (16) measures rotations with a sensitivity of ±250 degrees / second to ±2000 degrees / second, depending on the configured scale. It allows for the tracking of rotational body movements with high precision, capturing changes in orientation in situations of imbalance or sudden movement.

[0051] The second sensor is an accelerometer: It measures the linear accelerations experienced by the body in three directions (front-back, lateral, vertical). This sensor is crucial for detecting displacements and changes in speed, particularly in postural tests and body stability assessments. The integrated accelerometer measures linear accelerations with a sensitivity of ±2g to ±16g and a resolution of 0.001 m / s², making it possible to detect subtle changes in position and linear body movements in postural contexts. This precision allows for the identification of minimal oscillations in anteroposterior and lateral displacements, often associated with balance or coordination disorders.

[0052] The IMU module (16) has a 16-bit resolution for the gyroscope and The accelerometer, guaranteeing accurate measurement of body movements, and a configurable sampling frequency of up to 1000 Hz, allowing for the capture of postural micromovements in real time, even in disturbed environments.

[0053] The IMU sensor (16) enables continuous monitoring of body position and postural adjustments by providing accurate data on movements in a three-dimensional space.

[0054] The module is used to assess postural imbalances in various tasks, such as: - Simple postural task: The device measures body stability by capturing oscillations of the center of pressure (cop) in the anteroposterior and lateral planes. This measurement is used to assess the patient's static balance ability. - Dual postural and cognitive task: The IMU module is also used in combined tasks, where the subject must maintain a posture while performing a cognitive test, such as mental arithmetic or an auditory task. This type of assessment allows for the analysis of the impact of cognitive impairments on body stability, a key factor in the diagnosis of motion sickness, postural fatigue, or sensory stress.

[0055] The data collected by the IMU module are processed in real time, allowing for the evaluation of: - Postural shifts under cognitive stress (posturo-cardio test). - The coherence between the vestibular system and posture, particularly during tests where visual, vestibular and proprioceptive coordination is required. - The body's autonomous reactions, often affected during episodes of motion sickness or spatial disorientation, for example during travel or prolonged exposure to immersive environments. Calibration and error correction

[0056] Calibrating the IMU module (16) ensures accurate measurements and avoids drift in data, particularly during rapid movements or in contexts where cumulative errors may occur, such as in prolonged tests or dynamic environments (motion sickness, cybersickness).

[0057] The IMU module (16) is equipped with an automatic calibration system that regularly adjusts the measurements according to environmental conditions. This allows the sensors to be reset to stable reference points to compensate for any drift that could affect the accuracy of the data in the long term.

[0058] To compensate for errors due to sudden or irregular movements, the module uses adaptive filtering and sensor fusion algorithms. These algorithms combine gyroscope and accelerometer data to correct angular and linear deviations that can occur during complex movements, such as those observed during motion sickness or cybersickness. The correction algorithms include the use of Kalman filters to reduce noise in the data and improve the accuracy of postural measurements.

[0059] The IMU module (16) also incorporates gravity compensation algorithms, making it possible to isolate the subject's actual movements from accelerations caused by Earth's gravity. This is particularly important for posture and balance tests, where an accurate measurement of body displacements is crucial for assessing the subject's neurocognitive and physiological responses. Applications of ECG and HRV:

[0060] The device uses these measurements in several contexts. For each type of test, HRV plays a key role as a measure of the body's physiological response to disturbing sensory stimuli:

[0061] HRV is used to detect increased sensitivity to motion sickness in response to sensory stressors. A decrease in HRV may indicate a higher vulnerability to disturbances, because it reflects the difficulty of the autonomic nervous system in adapting to sensory conflicts.

[0062] In anticipation tests, a decrease in HRV before exposure to stimuli indicates anticipatory stress. This shows that the subject is already experiencing physiological tension in anticipation of a sensoryally uncomfortable situation, which can predict the severity of future symptoms.

[0063] HRV allows for the quantification of mental and physical fatigue. A decrease in HRV is a sign of reduced adaptive capacity, which can exacerbate susceptibility to motion sickness and cybersickness. Measuring HRV before and after fatigue tests is essential for assessing physiological resilience.

[0064] HRV is used for motion sickness depth testing to assess the severity of symptoms once induced. A marked reduction in HRV during exposure to disturbing stimuli indicates a strong physiological response, confirming the depth of the sensory effects.

[0065] Thus, ECG and HRV analysis make it possible to capture essential information on the physiological state of the user, offering a holistic view of the impact of sensory disturbances and stressful situations on cardiac health and general well-being.

[0066] Detailed description of the device components

[0067] The device includes a modular architecture and components specifically adapted to environments requiring real-time measurements and multiple interactions.

[0068] The processor (13) is, for example, of the ESP32 type (trade name). This dual-core processor is based on an Xtensa LX6 architecture (trade name) operating at a frequency of 240 MHz, capable of handling several tasks simultaneously, such as sensor data acquisition, real-time information processing, and cognitive test management. This processor (13) also integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity features, enabling fast and reliable data transmission.

[0069] The electronic circuit (10) is equipped with a 16 MB flash memory (14) and 520 KB of RAM, which allows for the temporary storage of test results and captured data before their transfer to external devices. The flash memory (14) also allows for the storage of firmware and software updates, ensuring flexibility of use and the ability to upgrade the device.

[0070] The device is equipped with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, which enables data transmission with minimal energy consumption. This feature is essential for maintaining a smooth connection with devices external devices, such as smartphones or computers, for extended periods, without compromising battery life.

[0071] In addition to the processor and memory, the device is associated with several integrated sensors via its add-on modules, such as the ECG sensor (15) and the IMU module (16). These sensors interact directly with the processor to record physiological data in real time. The IMU module (16) provides rotation and linear acceleration measurements, which is particularly important in the assessment of postural disorders or motion sickness.

[0072] The device has a capacitive touchscreen (11), which provides an intuitive user interface to facilitate navigation between cognitive tests and real-time results. This screen also allows users to interact directly with the device's functions, making the entire system self-contained and easy to use without additional assistance. Physical design

[0073] The device's shape is optimized for portability and durability. The compact case (10) is made of impact-resistant materials, with rounded edges for optimal user comfort. The device is designed for easy transport, ensuring an ergonomic grip for users, even during tests on the move or in dynamic environments.

[0074] The casing is designed to offer both robustness and ergonomics, ensuring high durability and comfortable use in a variety of environments. The materials used to manufacture the casing are ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) plastic, chosen for its impact resistance and light weight. This plastic is commonly used in industry for its robustness against impacts and vibrations, which is essential for a portable device subjected to frequent movement. Furthermore, this material is antistatic, which minimizes the accumulation of dust and other particles, thus ensuring the proper functioning of the internal electronic components.

[0075] ABS plastic, combined with an antistatic treatment, gives the housing excellent protection against mechanical damage while reducing the accumulation of electrostatic charges, an essential aspect in clinical or research environments where electrical interference can affect results.

[0076] To further enhance durability, our device is designed according to IP54 standards, guaranteeing moderate resistance to water and dust (dustproof). The IP54 rating protects the device against splashing water and limited dust penetration, ensuring reliable performance in outdoor environments or under varying conditions.

[0077] The electronic circuit (12) is powered by a high-capacity lithium polymer battery (1), providing extended battery life to allow for prolonged sessions without recharging. The battery has a capacity of 3000 mAh, ensuring up to 24 hours of continuous use depending on the intensity of the tests and the sensors activated.

[0078] The device incorporates intelligent power management mechanisms to maximize battery life. This includes a power-saving mode that reduces battery consumption when the sensors are not actively used, as well as an automatic sleep mode when the device is inactive for a certain period. This mode temporarily pauses sensors such as the ECG and IMU, extending battery life without compromising performance during active testing.

[0079] Thanks to a USB-C port, the battery (1) can be quickly recharged, allowing the device to reach a full charge in less than two hours. This ensures that the device is always available for evaluation sessions without having to endure long periods of unavailability.

[0080] The connectivity module (17) features advanced wireless connectivity capabilities via Bluetooth 5.0 (BLE) and Wi-Fi, with a transmission range of up to 50 meters for Bluetooth in open environments. The Bluetooth 5.0 standard ensures low power consumption while maintaining optimal data transfer speeds, which is particularly useful for continuous interaction with external devices such as smartphones or computers.

[0081] All data transmitted via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are protected by AES-128 encryption protocols to ensure the confidentiality and security of sensitive information, in particular when transmitting physiological or cognitive data to external databases. Software and User Interface

[0082] The device is equipped with a high-resolution capacitive touchscreen (11), facilitating user interaction through an intuitive interface. The user interface allows for smooth navigation between the various cognitive and physiological tests. The tests are presented sequentially, with clear instructions to guide the user through each step of the assessment.

[0083] At the end of each test, real-time results are displayed on the screen, including metrics such as reaction times, heart rate, and performance indices. These results can be immediately viewed by the user or transmitted to a third-party device for further analysis.

[0084] The software is scalable, with over-the-air (OTA) updates available via Wi-Fi, ensuring that the functionalities of our device are regularly improved without the need for physical intervention. The available APIs allow also easy integration with external platforms, such as medical data management software or advanced analysis tools. Displaying results

[0085] Motion sickness sensitivity is displayed in the form of a color-coded thermometer graphic

[0086] A vertical thermometer with color-coded levels ranging from green at the bottom to red at the top. The higher the level, the greater the sensitivity to motion sickness. The thermometer's format is intuitive to indicate a scale of increasing sensitivity. A "wave" or "movement" icon at the top of the thermometer represents motion sickness, and numerical markings or visual steps allow for accurate reading.

[0087] The level of anticipatory stress is displayed as a graphic representing a circular barometer with a needle pointing towards a stress level, from "Low" (green) to "High" (red). A circular gauge reflects levels of anticipatory tension, with the needle moving according to the result.

[0088] Motion Sickness Depth: Gradient bar with a shaking effect. A horizontal progress bar that changes color with a gradient from light blue (low depth) to dark red (high depth). The bar may include a slight shaking or vibration effect that intensifies with the depth of motion sickness. The greater the depth of motion sickness, the more the bar's color shifts toward red, and the more visible the shaking effect becomes. The shaking effect is visually engaging without being overly complex to display, and the color gradient allows for a quick assessment of symptom severity.

[0089] Application of the device for carrying out tests

[0090] The device described above uses a series of standardized tests to assess individual susceptibility to these disorders, the reaction to anticipatory stress, and the severity of symptoms once induced. It allows for the capture of neurocognitive and physiological responses without requiring external sensors or video recording systems. Motion Sickness Assessment

[0091] Motion sickness is one of the most frequent disorders experienced during movement or interaction with visually immersive environments (e.g., virtual reality). It manifests as a sensory conflict between visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive signals. The invention makes it possible to measure, analyze, and compare users' reactions in real time, directly within these environments.

[0092] Classical methods for assessing motion sickness, such as MSSQ (acronym for "Motion Kinetosis Susceptibility Questionnaire") or VIMSSQ (acronym for " The Visually Induced Motion Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIX) provides useful information but does not capture immediate physiological or cognitive responses to stimuli. These questionnaires are used for an initial assessment of individual susceptibility before proceeding to more dynamic testing. Vestibular tests

[0093] Vestibular testing assesses the function of the vestibular system, located in the inner ear, which plays a key role in the perception of balance and spatial orientation. Vestibular system disorders are often associated with sensations of dizziness, disorientation, and nausea—common symptoms of motion sickness and cybersickness. By incorporating vestibular testing, the device aims to: • Analyze postural stability in response to external stimuli. • Assess the reactivity and sensitivity of the vestibular system to movement, which may reveal increased susceptibilities to disturbing environments. • Identify sensory disturbances related to a desynchronization between vestibular and visual signals, a common phenomenon in virtual reality and movement environments. Cognitive flexibility and management of cognitive interference

[0094] Cognitive flexibility refers to the brain's ability to adapt to new information or changing tasks, while cognitive interference management involves the ability to ignore distractions or irrelevant information to focus on a specific task.

[0095] In the context of motion sickness and cyberkinetosis: - A deficit in cognitive flexibility can make an individual more sensitive to sensory conflicts, for example when switching from a visual task to a motor task or when exposed to changing environments. Managing cognitive interference is crucial for maintaining stable attention despite conflicting stimuli, such as those encountered in virtual environments or during a bumpy journey. Individuals who have difficulty managing this interference may be more prone to sensory processing difficulties. Aggravating factors

[0096] Vestibular disorders and cognitive abilities play a major role in the severity of motion sickness and cyber-motion sickness symptoms. For example, reduced cognitive flexibility or poor interference management can lead to greater disorientation, as the brain has difficulty adapting to conflicts between the different sensory signals (such as vision and vestibular systems). Integrating vestibular and cognitive tests would therefore allow for a better understanding of these individual susceptibilities and for adapting interventions to reduce symptoms.

[0097] Physical and intellectual fatigue is equally considered an aggravating factor.

[0098] In summary, assessing these factors provides a holistic view of the individual facing sensorimotor disturbances, allowing a more targeted approach to managing and mitigating sensory disorders. Test descriptions#

[0099] Visual stabilization test: The objective of this test is to simulate a vestibular assessment based on visual stabilization. A series of bright dots appear successively on the screen, and the subject must maintain their gaze fixed on each dot for a defined interval, rapidly changing from one dot to another.

[0100] The aim is to test the brain's ability to stabilize the image in the event of body movements, which is crucial for detecting sensory imbalances.

[0101] The user must tap the touchscreen when each dot appears. The device records the response and timing accuracy of the tap, allowing for the evaluation of the ability to maintain visual stability. The performance indicator is determined by the response time and accuracy in tracking the dots.

[0102] Sequenced Cognitive Flexibility Test: This test measures the ability to manage transitions between tasks using only the elements displayed on the touchscreen. The user is presented with sequences of different tasks, such as identifying geometric shapes followed by simple calculations. Its purpose is to assess cognitive flexibility, an important ability for managing changing environments, such as virtual reality. The device displays changing sequences of instructions (e.g., selecting colors, then performing calculations), and the subject must quickly follow these instructions using the touchscreen.

[0103] The performance indicator consists of transition time between tasks and error rate.

[0104] Conflicting Stimulus Response Test: This test is designed to assess the management of cognitive interference. The screen displays conflicting stimuli (e.g., color words and discordant ink colors), and the user must choose the correct ink color while ignoring the word. The aim is to measure the ability to manage sensory conflicts, which are often present in cybermotion.

[0105] The device displays a series of colored words, and the subject must press the ink color on the touchscreen, unaware of the word's meaning. The device records Response times and errors. Performance indicators are response speed and accuracy.

[0106] Cognitive balance test (simple dual task): This test simulates a dual task to assess the ability to maintain cognitive balance in disruptive situations. The user must solve simple mathematical calculations while performing specific gestures on the touchscreen, such as drawing lines or following patterns.

[0107] Its purpose is to test the brain's ability to handle complex cognitive tasks under sensory stress. Visual instructions appear on the screen asking the subject to perform specific motor tasks (such as tracing a line with their finger) while mentally solving mathematical problems and entering the answers on the screen.

[0108] The performance indicators are the measurement of coordination and response time for the two tasks.

[0109] Progressive Sensory Conflict Test: This test simulates a conflict between visual stimuli and instructions to assess the ability to manage sensory disturbances. Its purpose is to measure the reaction to increasing sensory conflicts, which are classic triggers of motion sickness and cybersickness. The device displays visual sequences of movement (such as lines that oscillate or change direction) while auditory or visual instructions require the user to act differently (e.g., touching the screen when the direction is straight even if the line is moving in a curve). The performance indicators are Response Time and errors in choices, indicating difficulty in managing conflicting signals.

[0110] Virtual Motion Detection Test: The screen displays animations simulating movement (such as slow rotation or forward and backward movement) to assess visual motion sensitivity. Its purpose is to analyze the brain's ability to interpret virtual movements and their impact on sensory balance. The user must accurately indicate when they perceive specific movements or changes in the direction of the animations. The device records the responses and adjustments on the screen. The performance indicators are the accuracy and delay in detecting movements or changes in direction, revealing susceptibility to cyber motion sickness.

[0111] Visual rotation tolerance test: The device displays an object that rotates slowly and gradually accelerates, while requiring the user to follow the object with their eyes or interact with the screen in response to the rotations. Its purpose is to measure tolerance to rotating visual stimuli, which are often problematic in cases of motion sickness and cybersickness. The user must touch the screen when a rotating object reaches a specific position or changes color. The gradual acceleration allows for the measurement of tolerance to circular motion. The performance indicators are the ability to track rotating objects without errors and without significant slowdown in response.

[0112] Real-time sensory adaptation test: This test requires the user to gradually adapt to changing sensory stimuli by interacting with the screen in response to subtle changes (such as slightly changing colors or slowly moving elements). Its purpose is to assess sensory adaptation ability and tolerance to dynamic visual environments. The device introduces changing visual stimuli, such as color gradients or slow-moving elements, and requires the user to touch or interact with specific elements only when a change is perceived. This test assesses the ability to identify subtle changes while ignoring other distractions.The performance indicators are accuracy and the time required to adapt to changes, assessing tolerance and sensory adaptation, key elements for situations of cyber motion sickness.

[0113] Evaluation of anticipatory stress. This motion anticipation test with visual preview introduces anticipated visual stimuli that simulate potentially uncomfortable movements. Its purpose is to assess anticipatory stress in response to visual stimuli perceived as disturbing. The device displays a series of animations simulating movements, with a preview before each simulation (e.g., a "pre-movement" sequence indicating a turn or rapid movement). The user indicates their level of anticipated comfort or discomfort on the screen by touching a stress scale before the movement actually begins. Performance indicators are the measurement of anticipated responses, including indications of discomfort even before the movement is simulated. Stress levels are assessed based on the frequency and intensity of the responses.

[0114] Progressive Tolerance Test with Announcement: This test uses increasing visual stimuli but announces each step of intensification in advance to observe the anticipatory response. Its purpose is to identify sensitivity to the anticipation of disturbing visual movement. The device progressively announces increasingly intense movements (such as an increase in the rotational speed of an object on the screen) and asks the user to prepare for each step by touching a "ready" button. The intensity gradually increases, and the subject must report whether they experience any anticipatory discomfort. Performance indicators are the frequency and intensity of the anticipatory signals, as well as the subject's willingness to continue the announced steps.

[0115] Anticipatory Stress Decision Test: This test focuses on decision-making under anticipatory stress with instructions that change unexpectedly. Its The aim is to analyze decision-making and the speed of choices in the face of a stressful and anticipated environment. The device displays a series of choices to be made on the screen (for example, choosing a visual navigation route on a screen) with a time limit. The user receives an alert before each decision, simulating a stressful context where an uncomfortable action might occur. The performance indicators are response time and accuracy in decision-making, revealing signs of anticipatory stress.

[0116] Sensory Conflict Anticipation Test: This test assesses the anticipatory response to a sensory conflict by creating a situation of anticipated discomfort in which conflicting visual stimuli are announced. Its purpose is to measure the stress experienced before a potential sensory conflict. The device announces in advance that a conflicting sequence will occur, for example, contradictory movements (a screen rotation combined with moving images). The user must indicate their stress level on an intensity scale before the sensory conflict occurs. The performance indicators are the level of anticipated stress, measured before actual exposure to the sensory conflict, and the differences between the anticipated stress and the stress actually experienced during exposure.

[0117] These tests are designed to capture an individual's emotional and cognitive response when anticipating disturbing stimuli, using only the device's interface and capabilities, without requiring external equipment.

[0118] Assessment of the depth of motion sickness once induced: This subjective symptom severity rating test aims to quantify the severity of motion sickness experienced by the subject using a standardized subjective scale. Its purpose is to assess the personal perception of motion sickness. The device presents a series of questions via the touchscreen to assess the intensity of symptoms, such as nausea, dizziness, sweating, and headache. The user responds on a scale of 1 to 10 (or from "mild" to "severe"). The performance indicator is the total score, which allows motion sickness to be classified into different severity categories (mild, moderate, severe).

[0119] The Pointing Accuracy Test (Motor Coordination) aims to assess the effect of motion sickness on fine motor skills and eye-hand coordination, and to analyze the impact of motion sickness on motor accuracy. The device displays increasingly smaller targets on the screen that the subject must touch accurately. The difficulty gradually increases to measure the loss of coordination due to motion sickness symptoms. Performance indicators are response time and the accuracy of actions on the screen, indicating the severity of motor disorientation.

[0120] Postural stabilization test (Sway Test): This test assesses the subject's ability to maintain a stable position despite the presence of motion sickness symptoms. Its purpose is to quantify the effects of motion sickness on postural stability. The device requires the subject to remain still while following a cognitive task displayed on the screen. Body deviations or the inability to maintain position are assessed by detecting movements on the touchscreen. Performance indicators include the measurement of the amplitude and frequency of body movements, indicating difficulties with postural control.

[0121] Prolonged visual motion tolerance test. This test measures a subject's ability to tolerate a visual stimulus that simulates continuous motion, a typical trigger of motion sickness. Its purpose is to determine the tolerable duration and intensity of disturbing visual motion. The device displays continuous visual motion (such as a scene of movement in a virtual environment) and asks the subject to indicate when they begin to experience symptoms or when they can no longer tolerate the stimulus. The performance indicators are the time to report of the first symptoms and the intensity of subjective responses, providing an indication of the severity of motion sickness.

[0122] Cognitive impairment test under sensory stress: This test assesses cognitive performance in the presence of motion sickness symptoms to measure the impact on concentration and executive functions. Its purpose is to analyze the effect of motion sickness on cognitive ability, such as attention and memory. The device presents cognitive tests (such as simple calculations and visual memory tasks) while displaying a disturbing visual stimulus. The results are compared to baseline performance obtained in the absence of motion sickness. Performance indicators include the error rate, response time, and accuracy of cognitive responses under sensory stress, indicating a decrease in cognitive ability related to motion sickness.

[0123] These tests make it possible to measure not only the depth of motion sickness symptoms, but also their effects on coordination, stability, and cognitive functions, thus providing a complete assessment of the severity of sensory and cognitive disorders.

[0124] Fatigue assessment: Fatigue is a major aggravating factor in the induction and severity of motion sickness. When an individual is fatigued, the brain's ability to properly process and integrate sensory information is reduced. This can increase sensory desynchronization, i.e., the difference between what the eyes see, what the vestibular system feels, and what the body perceives in terms of movement. This desynchronization is the primary cause of motion sickness symptoms.

[0125] Flicker Test: The Flicker test in our device relies on the use of high-precision light-emitting diodes (18, 19) to generate a blinking Variable frequency flashing light. This test is designed to assess visual flicker fusion, a phenomenon where a high-frequency flashing light stimulus becomes perceived as continuous by the human eye.

[0126] The system uses LEDs (18, 19) capable of blinking at frequencies between 10 Hz and 100 Hz. The minimum frequency of 10 Hz corresponds to blinks visible under most normal conditions, while the maximum frequency of 100 Hz tests the limits of visual perception and measures eye strain due to motion sickness or cybersickness. The subject observes the blinking and must indicate when they no longer perceive any flicker, thus reaching the critical fusion frequency. This measurement is directly related to the state of visual alertness and oculomotor fatigue, which is often affected by sensory desynchronization in conflicting environments (e.g., during motion sickness or exposure to immersive visual stimuli such as virtual reality).

[0127] The test results are accurately recorded via integrated sensors that capture the subject's response to each frequency. The data are then compared to normative values ​​to identify perceptual or fatigue deficits.

[0128] Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT): This test measures a subject's reaction times to visual stimuli presented at random intervals. It is widely used to assess vigilance and cognitive responsiveness, particularly in situations of fatigue. The subject interacts with the touchscreen of our device each time a visual stimulus appears. The latencies between stimulus appearance and the subject's response are measured with millisecond precision. These data are analyzed to identify long reaction times, which are indicators of cognitive fatigue or attentional deficits. Errors (e.g., responses that are too fast or too slow) and delayed responses are interpreted to provide an accurate diagnosis of vigilance and fatigue status. These results can be cross-referenced with HRV or ECG data to assess the impact of stress on cognitive performance.

[0129] The CPT is a sustained vigilance test used to measure an individual's ability to maintain prolonged attention on a repetitive task. The CPT presents the subject with a series of visual stimuli on the screen of our device, and the subject must identify a specific target. Each interaction is recorded in real time, measuring the speed of responses as well as inattentional errors (e.g., omission of a target). Response times and inattentional errors are analyzed to provide clues to attentional deficits, a key indicator of sensory disorders such as cyber motion sickness. Incorrect responses are correlated with physiological data to establish links with stress or cognitive disorientation.

[0130] The Stroop Test is designed to assess executive functions and the brain's ability to resolve cognitive conflicts. The subject must respond to stimuli where the meaning of the words and the color of the ink are contradictory. For example, the word "red" may be written in blue. The test measures the user's ability to inhibit the automatic response to give the correct answer. The test records response times and errors (for example, when the subject responds to the word rather than the color). These results are interpreted to assess deficits in cognitive inhibition, which are often exacerbated by stress or sensory disorientation.

[0131] Advanced cognitive tests: PSVAT and mental calculation: These tests assess calculation and sustained attention skills, essential for measuring the effects of stress or cognitive fatigue in dynamic environments.

[0132] PSVAT (Paced Serial Visual Addition Test): The subject sees a series of numbers appear on the screen and must perform simple or complex additions within a limited time. The device automatically calculates the correct answers and the speed of response, taking into account variables such as fatigue or stress, identified through physiological measurements such as ECG or HRV.

[0133] Mental arithmetic: This test requires the subject to solve mathematical problems within a given time while being exposed to distracting visual stimuli or postural tasks. Errors and response times are recorded and analyzed to provide an accurate assessment of working memory under stress. Voice capture and stress analysis

[0134] The device is equipped with a voice capture module that records the subject's voice during interactions with the device. Voice analysis makes it possible to measure stress levels through changes in tone, cadence, and vocal modulations.

[0135] Advanced algorithms analyze vocal variations, providing information on levels of emotional stress and psychological tension during or after cognitive tests. This data is particularly useful for individuals suffering from motion sickness or cybersickness, where stress can exacerbate symptoms.

Claims

Demands

1. A portable and self-contained device for the assessment of sensory and cognitive disorders, characterized in that it comprises: - a processing unit configured for real-time data acquisition and analysis; - an ECG module for capturing the user's heart rate variability (HRV) in response to sensory and cognitive stimuli; - an inertial measurement unit (IMU) comprising an accelerometer and a gyroscope, configured to detect and record the user's movements and posture; - a capacitive touchscreen for user interaction for the performance of standardized cognitive tests; - integrated memory for storing captured data and programs; - a wireless connectivity module for transmitting data to an external device;and in that the device is configured to perform in real time at least one assessment of the impact of disturbing sensory stimuli, including motion sickness and cybersickness, in uncontrolled environments.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ECG module is configured to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) by detecting indicators of physiological stress, fatigue, and resilience to disturbing sensory stimuli.

3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the IMU module is configured to assess postural imbalances by capturing three-dimensional data of the orientation and acceleration of the user's body, thus providing an analysis of postural stability.

4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacitive touchscreen allows for the presentation of sequential cognitive tests, including cognitive flexibility tests, sensory interference tests, and tests of tolerance to dynamic visual stimuli.

5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wireless connectivity module includes Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connectivity, enabling secure transmission of data to an external storage device or remote analysis application.

6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is configured to display real-time performance indicators on the touch screen, including values ​​such as heart rate, postural stability, and cognitive test results.

7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device includes an energy saving mode which automatically reduces the energy consumption of the device when the sensors are not actively used.

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data analysis is performed locally on the integrated processor, allowing an immediate evaluation of the user's neurocognitive and physiological responses to stimuli.

9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured to perform self-calibration of the sensors to ensure the accuracy of movement and heart rate data in various environments and conditions of use.

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