Eyeglasses kit with corrective daytime lenses to optimize exposure to natural light and nighttime lenses with or without correction to protect against the effects of artificial light.

Abstract

Optical kit comprising two devices: a pair of daytime glasses to maximize exposure to the natural light spectrum (UV, visible, infrared) with visual correction, and a pair of nighttime glasses, with or without correction, that selectively block wavelengths of artificial light (blue, green, yellow, or orange) during the user's nocturnal waking hours between sunset and sunrise. The nighttime device uses dyes or multilayer filters to attenuate artificial wavelengths, thus protecting the user's circadian rhythm, hormones, neurotransmitters, proteins, and mitochondria, thereby increasing their well-being and cognitive or physical performance. (See abstract figure: Figure 1.)

Description

Title of the invention: EYEGLASSES KIT WITH CORRECTIVE DAYTIME LENSES TO OPTIMIZE EXPOSURE TO NATURAL LIGHT AND NIGHTTIME LENSES WITH OR WITHOUT CORRECTION TO PROTECT FROM THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT Background of the invention

[0001] The evolution of all living beings, including Homo sapiens, has been directly related to natural light, including the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectra, perceived by living organisms. It has always been perceived by the photoreceptor organs of plants and animals. Chlorophyll in plants and melanin in both animals and plants are examples of this.

[0002] For humans, the two main systems enabling the capture of all wavelengths of natural light are the integumentary system (skin, hair, body hair in particular) and the eyes.

[0003] The Earth's rotation on its axis, as well as its rotation around the Sun, influences the light cycles to which humans are exposed, modulating daily and seasonal biological processes. These rhythmic exposures to light—that is, to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light—are essential for the synthesis and regulation of neurotransmitters, hormones, and bioactive peptides that act at the heart of our physiology.

[0004] Studies conducted by, among others, Ignacio Provencio, Dr. Arturo Solis Herrera, Dr. Jack Kruse, Dr. Fritz-Albert Popp, and Professor Douglas Wallace reveal that each wavelength of light plays a fundamental role in human metabolism and hormonal and immune balance. Natural light, which penetrates all layers of the Earth's atmosphere, is absorbed at several cellular levels, promoting key reactions for human health. For example, certain molecules are of interest to describe from the perspective of this invention.

[0005] Melanopsin, initially a pigment sensitive to blue light. It is considered non-visual, meaning that it does not serve to enable vision, unlike rhodopsin in rods and iodopsin in cones, and is recycled solely through the cyclic perception of light and darkness. Melanopsin is present in ipRGCs (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells), a type of ganglion cell in the neurosensory retina, discovered among others by the work of Ignacio Provencio, which have neuronal projections in numerous areas of the brain. connected to our entire lives. Melanopsin is also, for your information, a molecule synthesized by melanocytes in the skin, which have their embryological origin in the neural crest (a primitive neurological embryological system), suggesting a role for the skin in responding to variations in light. In the context of this invention, melanopsin is activated primarily by light wavelengths between 460 and 480 nm during the day. That is to say, their photoresponse is selectively sensitive to short-wavelength light (absorption peak -479 nm) (Bailes HJ, Lucas RJ (May 2013). “Human melanopsin forms a pigment maximally sensitive to blue light (Xmax ~ 479 nm) supporting activation of G(q / ll) and G(i / o) signalling cascades”. Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 280 (1759): 20122987. doi:10.1098 / rspb.2012.2987. PMC3619500. PMID 23554393.)

[0006] However, exposure during our nocturnal physiological periods, which is unnatural for humans and generally for all living things on Earth, to this range of wavelengths and more generally to any source of artificial light that is not exclusively blue (but also green, yellow, or even orange) disrupts, among other things, the release of melatonin, the sleep hormone and the body's repair hormone, due to its antioxidant capabilities, which are superior to those of vitamin C and vitamin A. Nighttime exposure also disrupts, among other things, dopamine cycles, which are essential for motivation and mental concentration. The article by Levy, A., & Levitan, RD (2021). "Dopaminergic Mechanisms in Circadian Rhythms and Reward Processing" Frontiers in Psychology explores how circadian disruptions affect the dopaminergic system, particularly in the case of nighttime exposure to light.The effects include reduced motivation and concentration abilities due to unnatural dopamine fluctuations.

[0007] The effect on concentration is due to the fact that dopamine is indeed converted into noradrenaline in the brain, enabling, among other things, concentration. Purves, D., Augustine, GJ, Fitzpatrick, D., et al. (2018). Neuroscience (6th ed.), in the chapter on monoaminergic neurotransmitters, explains in detail the pathway of noradrenaline synthesis from dopamine and the associated roles in alertness, concentration, and the stress response.

[0008] Natural daylight, as perceived by the human eye, is also essential for the tightly regulated synthesis of melanin and POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin). Melanin, a pigment present in the eye and skin, is activated by ultraviolet radiation. By activating POMC, a hormonal precursor, ultraviolet radiation stimulates the production of endorphins and metabolically active peptides (lipolysis, for example), thus promoting a state of well-being and optimal metabolic regulation. Without ultraviolet radiation perceived by the eyes, this pathway of POMC and leptin (the satiety hormone) is disrupted.

[0009] This activation of amino acids and peptides by natural light is crucial, and other examples include the metabolism of dopamine, serotonin, or thyroid hormones. Tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, and phenylalanine are indeed aromatic amino acids that absorb ultraviolet light, that is, they require the high energy of ultraviolet radiation (considered dangerous by the current scientific community) to be transformed into neurotransmitters and hormones (serotonin and melatonin come from tryptophan; dopamine, thyroid hormones, and melanin come from tyrosine, for example).It is suggested that nighttime exposure to light, or lack of daytime exposure to natural light, disrupts all these cycles; a telling example from everyday life can be represented by the psychological or somatic health problems more often experienced by a person who works all day in a subway station or shopping mall compared to a person who is outdoors during the day.

[0010] Another key area of ​​understanding is the health and functionality of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the powerhouses present in all our cells except red blood cells; there are between 300 and 1500 per cell, and their role is to provide the energy necessary to maintain vital functions, in particular to provide the energy necessary for the protein expression of the genome, without a pathological error rate. Interestingly, the mitochondria in our body perform the reverse of photosynthesis in plants: they allow us to use glucose from plants and animals (possibly from proteins and lipids converted into glucose), oxygen from the air produced by plants, and sunlight to create the energy necessary for the functioning of the cells in the human body.According to the work of Professor Douglas Wallace, 85 to 90% of chronic diseases in the 21st century are due to mitochondrial dysfunction and stem from a cellular energy imbalance that disrupts various organ systems (Wallace, DC, 2005, Annual Review of Genetics). Natural infrared radiation, particularly in the wavelength range of approximately 700 to 1000 nm, stimulates energy production by mitochondria, thereby supporting cellular health and strengthening immunity by boosting ATP production and reducing oxidative stress (Hamblin, MR, 2017, Photochemistry and Photobiology). It also enables photobiomodulation, which optimizes the function of cellular organelles and contributes to tissue repair (Hamblin, MR, & Demidova, TN, 2006, Journal of Biomedical Optics).Mitochondria, the major site of the creation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS, reactive oxygen derivatives exerting oxidative stress on the body, normally physiological but, in pathological quantities, at the origin of premature aging, cell death, and inflammation and the . (carcinogenesis), also require, for optimal management of the oxidative stress that potentially threatens them, nocturnal repair by melatonin, or even diurnal repair by melatonin produced in mitochondria during the day under the influence of infrared radiation (Zimmerman, S., & Reiter, RJ (2019). Melatonin as a fundamental biomarker in lighting, display, and architectural industries: Exploring subcellular melatonin production in mitochondria and its relationship to near-infrared exposure. Melatonin Research, 2(1), 28-38.). Infrared radiation is particularly present during sunrise and sunset, due to the phenomenon of Rayleigh scattering (dispersion of light by very small particles, in this case, the Earth's atmosphere).

[0011] To understand the extent and depth of the benefits of this invention for human physiology, we must delve into a small part of the many biological processes enabled by the exposure of either the skin or the eyes to a physical phenomenon: natural light. First, it is important to recall that light is commonly divided into the following, in ascending order of wavelength: ultraviolet (invisible light, from 200 to 380 nm), then visible light, ranging from violet to red (between 380 nm and 780 nm), and infrared (light invisible to the human eye, beyond 780 nm, whose solar irradiance stops between 3000 and 5000 nm, but mainly beyond 3000 nm). Ultraviolet and infrared radiation are indeed emitted by the sun, and represent more than half of the light emitted by this star, and these waves are invisible to the human eye.But the fact that humans cannot perceive them through the visual functions of their retinas does not preclude the possibility that ultraviolet and infrared radiation have vital functions for humans and all living beings when they penetrate their light-receptor organs. If these rays are emitted, we hypothesize that there is a reason for it: living things need them.

[0012] Another avenue of understanding is that of protein hydration, which allows the capture of light energy. Ultraviolet light is absorbed by the peptide bonds of all the proteins constituting the human body, at specific wavelengths.

[0013] Without this absorption, proteins cannot be properly hydrated. The study conducted by Karbowski, LM, Murugan, NJ, & Persinger, MA (2016. Experimental Evidence That Specifies Photon Energies Are “Stored” in Malignant Cells for an Hour: The Synergism of Weak Magnetic Field-LED Wavelength Powers. Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada.) indicates that the water present in the cells of living organisms effectively serves to store, or “imprint,” the energy of electromagnetic waves. which are given to it; and light is indeed an electromagnetic wave. Without proper hydration, proteins are dysfunctional.

[0014] The research of Cosic et al. (2016) explores how environmental light can interact with the electromagnetic resonances of biomolecular interactions, based on the Resonant Recognition Model, which supports the principles of phototransmission and bioenergetic effects envisaged by this invention. Each protein in our body effectively absorbs light with a certain specificity (Cosic, I., Cosic, D., & Lazar, K. (2016). Environmental Light and Its Relationship with Electromagnetic Resonances of Biomolecular Interactions, as Predicted by the Resonant Recognition Model. College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, and AMALNA Consulting, Black Rock, Australia.), without which it does not reach an optimal conformation or cannot transform into another protein.As mentioned previously, the eyes contain many aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine). These contain a benzene ring with a conjugated ir system that absorbs each wavelength of ultraviolet light so that these amino acids can be transformed into vital neurotransmitters and hormones, through the action of specific enzymes (tyrosine into dopamine, tyrosine into melanin, tyrosine into thyroid hormones, tryptophan into serotonin and then into melatonin).

[0015] Ultraviolet is also absorbed by many non-visual photopigments, other than melanopsin, such as neuropsin (in the cornea according to Dr. Jack Kruse, but also in the retina and the brain, among others), encephalopsin, peropsin in similar locations, generally the integumentary system and the retina.

[0016] According to the work of Dr. Arturo Solis Herrera, an ophthalmologist, melanin is present in 100% of living beings on Earth, from the lineage of a tree trunk or its roots to the skin of a rhinoceros or even the uvea of ​​the human eye. It is particularly abundant near the sense organs: in humans, for example, in the eye, the cochlea, and the skin.According to his work, melanin is not just a molecule with antioxidant protective functions in the skin (a function to which the current scientific community, represented by dermatologists and ophthalmologists, usually restricts melanin, like a simple "natural sunscreen"); it is also crucial for the creation of energy in our body, the dissociation of our water molecules, neuroprotection, eye color (melanin in the iris) and their ability to use the sun's energy without suffering from it (melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium, in the uvea), as well as skin protection against excessive damage inflicted on the DNA of cells. Skin discoloration occurs when there is a lack of adequate synthesis of this molecule (melanin located above the nuclei of keratinocytes). In other words, like chlorophyll in photosynthetic plants or bacteria, melanin in humans and all living beings serves to transform light energy into chemical energy. We are referring here to the book *Melanin, the Master Molecule*, written by Arturo Solis Herrera.

[0017] But ultraviolet radiation is known to be dangerous. Ultraviolet radiation is believed to be a trigger for oxidative stress, DNA mutations, carcinogenesis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, melanomas, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas. Interestingly, however, humans are the only species that get sunburned, the only one that suffers from a chronic vitamin D deficiency, the only one that has public health problems (both psychiatric and somatic), and the only one that can no longer effectively manage its exposure to light, because it is the only one that has, voluntarily or not, become decoupled from its circadian rhythm and deprived itself of its ability to use ultraviolet radiation, among other things, for survival.

[0018] Without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, melanin is not synthesized, or is not synthesized correctly. This has underestimated consequences for mental, physical, and public health.

[0019] Here is another example of a vital process enabled by ultraviolet radiation in human life, even if at first glance it does not primarily concern the eyes. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the cell membrane of keratinocytes, composed of 7-dehydrocholesterol, in the epidermis of the skin to form 7-dehydrocholesterol-ergocalciferol which, under the effect of the heat provided by the sun, is transformed into cholecalciferol: vitamin D3, a key hormone with numerous and essential properties, including: calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune system, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, muscle function, and bone and dental health.

[0020] But ultraviolet radiation still suffers from a negative image, and only in a truly negative way since the 1930s, being considered a pseudo-carcinogen or accelerating cellular aging under artificial light conditions and in cells or individuals unaccustomed to the sun. This has served, among other things, to fuel the sale of creams or sunglasses that block natural light, without which humans had nevertheless survived in the sun until now. The incidence of melanoma is increasing sharply and rapidly, particularly in industrialized societies, while in these societies, sun exposure has been decreasing sharply and rapidly for a century.

[0021] An interesting study suggests that in reality, in vitro melanocytes tend to become tumorous when their melanopsin production is deregulated (in the conditions of the study, when the OPN4 gene, allowing the expression of melanopsin, is inactivated, i.e. Knocked-Out: OPN4-KO). One interpretation could be that a melanocyte that does not receive light at the optimal time (natural light, during the day) and perceives it at the inappropriate time (artificial light, between sunset and sunrise) would tend to become tumorous. Indeed, according to Assis et al. (2021), the loss of melanopsin (OPN4) accelerates cell cycle progression and the growth of murine melanocytes, suggesting the importance of this photopigment in cell regulation. This concept is crucial in the context of this invention, which aims to modulate the effects of artificial light in relation to melanopsin (de Assis, LVM, Moraes, MN, Mendes, D., Silva, MM, Menck, CFM, & Castrucci, AMdL (2021). Loss of Melanopsin (OPN4) Leads to a Faster Cell Cycle Progression and Growth in Murine Melanocytes. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 43, 1436-1450.)

[0022] Furthermore, without providing formally established scientific proof but simply an individual-level correlation, there might exist a synergistic communication pathway between the eyes and the skin, thus allowing the skin to be healthy if the eyes are exposed to natural light, and vice versa. For example, a person who readjusts to natural light by no longer wearing sunglasses often notices that they get fewer sunburns; we can cite in this regard the work of Andreas Moritz, a German naturopath who reported an increase in cancer rates after the introduction and widespread adoption of sunglasses, which were initially designed for American pilots in 1936; although aviation—despite its undeniable usefulness—has not, to this day, been a favorable environment for the development of the human species.

[0023] Without urging the population to return to the ancestral ways of living in nature, within a tribe of 150 naturists, without modern technology, here is nevertheless a brief and deliberately incomplete overview of what natural light allows us to do as human beings. In short, this may be why city dwellers dream of July: going on holiday to the sun, because they lack light.

[0024] People living in large cities with tall buildings blocking the sun, spending most of their day indoors (offices, homes) or protecting themselves from light in any form (before their eyes, before their skin), do not benefit from natural light and lose their acclimatization to it. By losing this acclimatization, their bodies become completely unaccustomed to it, which activates the "double-edged" effect of melanin, among other things, as Dr. Arturo Solis Herrera so aptly describes.

[0025] Taking the example of energy-efficient windows, people living in our modern society do not benefit daily from ultraviolet rays nor, In varying proportions, these windows reflect infrared radiation and undergo a significant reduction in the visible light spectrum, even though we are not describing the consequences of their overexposure to artificial light. Indeed, these windows reflect vital light from outside buildings and homes. The problem is exacerbated in places without natural daylight (subways, tunnels, shopping malls), where the natural spectrum of visible and invisible light is also absent. These public and domestic lighting decisions may stem from a modern belief that natural light is dangerous, forgetting the tens of thousands of generations that preceded us, as well as the 4.5 billion years of evolution of life on Earth, all of whom needed light, and more broadly, the entire natural electromagnetic spectrum. But the light that is important to human beings, according to human beings, is supposedly only the light they see.However, we briefly saw that invisible light (ultraviolet, infrared) could be important for human health. We saw that the nature of the light source – natural versus artificial – could be important: living two weeks in a subway station without leaving it does not have the same benefits as living two weeks connected to the sun and the Earth in the mountains or at the sea, for example.

[0026] Currently, the optical solutions offered on the market do not take into account these fundamental physical and physiological elements, or even disrupt them.

[0027] Commercially available daytime lenses block 100% of UV radiation (below 380 or 370 nm) – this can be demonstrated both spectrometrically and on the websites selling these lenses. They also often block a significant portion of infrared radiation (even though infrared represents 42% of the light emitted by the sun), thus depriving the user of numerous photons at wavelengths essential for hormonal, circadian, immune, and psychological regulation. Therefore, any need for visual correction for a user results in wearing spectacle lenses, which always block vital wavelengths.

[0028] On the other hand, there are lenses available today that block light below 420 nm (by which we mean that they block the 200 to 420 nm range), whereas the wavelengths emitted by modern artificial sources are never below 440 nm. These are the blue light blocking lens solutions described in prior art documents, including, among others, the following patent documents: EP4163707A1, EP3997513A1, PCT / FR2013 / 051075. Indeed, these lenses are ineffective against artificial light when a spectral analysis is performed with a spectrometer to analyze the visible light spectrum. As we cannot attach a video to this application, we invite any reader to search the internet, for example: "A Parisian optician realizes that "Its best blue light blocking glasses are 100% ineffective"; the underlying resource demonstrates, using a spectrometer, what we have just stated. Artificial light sources never emit light below 440 nm. They begin emitting light through a peak in the 450-470 nm range, which is particularly detrimental because it stimulates melanopsin at inappropriate times, inhibiting, among other things, the secretion of melatonin; indeed, the peak sensitivity of ipRGCs happens to be precisely at 450-480 nm. In other words, and crucially, the peak of what our neurons are sensitive to, the peak of what our neurons do not want to perceive during our nocturnal waking physiological periods, corresponds exactly to the peak light emission of modern light sources.We will not elaborate further on the harmful nature of this nighttime overexposure so as not to overburden this application, which is entirely contrary to sunlight: the pulsed nature of artificial light (the concept of flicker), the unnatural nature of the photon, the non-evolving nature of given wavelengths over time (again, unlike sunlight), and the non-thermal nature of light, among other things.

[0029] In any case, the lenses sold to date by the prior art block natural light during the day but do not block artificial light (neither during the day nor in the evening). They therefore do not allow for the fulfillment of the physiological needs of living beings for complete access to the wavelengths of natural light, and they do not block artificial light when it is both omnipresent and physiologically unsuitable.Therefore, wearing "reading" glasses or "blue light blocking" glasses is ineffective in the evening, and is also detrimental to health during the day because it blocks wavelengths vital to the wearer, specifically between 200 and 420 nm, thus depriving the wearer of ultraviolet, violet, and a portion of natural blue light. Indeed, a key point to understand is this: a lens in front of a wearer's eyes cannot distinguish between a natural and an artificial photon, and blocks both. It automatically deprives the wearer of natural photons that are vital, creating public health problems, simply because the wearer is in front of a screen indoors during the day (or evening). The only possible way to differentiate between natural and artificial photons is to choose a time when natural light is absent and artificial light is omnipresent.

[0030] Current lenses also block infrared radiation, which the mitochondria of almost all cells in the human body, with the exception of red blood cells, need to function and provide the energy for these cells to exist and operate. The optical clarity of current lenses is compromised by the materials and manufacturing techniques chosen.

[0031] It is also commonly, and erroneously, assumed that the only important wavelength range for the circadian rhythm is 460 nm, or 450 to 470 nm, but wavelengths of 420 nm, 380 nm, or even 600 nm are also important. Simply looking at a yellow lamp for one hour and three hours after sunset is enough to realize that 460 nm is probably not the only wavelength that matters when it comes to synchronizing our circadian rhythm. All light matters.

[0032] It is even commonly believed that wavelengths of 380 nm and below, being representative of particularly energetic waves according to the Einstein-Planck equation, are therefore dangerous—due to their high energy. But it is precisely this high energy that allows precursors to become our hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins. Without this energy, our precursors could remain precursors, or could become non-functional hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins.In other words, the entire spectrum of natural light is vital provided that exposure is gradual and moderate; but any means of blocking it during the day – blocking these vital waves, often with 100% effectiveness and generally used for about 100% of waking hours – destrains the human body (especially the eyes with glasses and the skin with excessive clothing or sunscreen) to be exposed to and use it, which accentuates the body's vulnerability to the energy of natural light, reduces the chances of using it for our health, increases the potential damage caused by it during "naked" and increased exposure (for example, on a sunny holiday), and fuels the notion that natural light is carcinogenic, dangerous, and dazzling.

[0033] The invention here thus comprises a daytime lens which allows the transmission of natural light to be optimal, while allowing the presbyopic, myopic, astigmatic, hyperopic user or one suffering from any form of ametropia to see perfectly clearly.

[0034] Throughout the present invention, reference is made to ranges of values, particularly wavelengths. The expression "below the value x" means "within the range of wavelengths that fall within a value less than x," the limit x being included in this expression. For example, "below 420 nm" corresponds to the range of light wavelengths relative to light between 250 nm (above which lies ultraviolet) and 420 nm, including these two values. The reasoning is the same for "beyond the value y," meaning, in the present invention, a wavelength range between the value y and a value of approximately 3000 nm. Furthermore, this application describes the wavelength ranges between a value x and y, including x and y within this range, of the in the following way: xy nm. For example, “500-650nm” means: over the wavelength range between 500 and 650nm, including these limits.

[0035] In this invention we are only interested in light and darkness, and not in the entire electromagnetic spectrum reaching us from celestial objects.

[0036] We have therefore understood that in environments where natural light and artificial light coexist, the glasses described in prior art documents are not ideal because, in attempting to block artificial light, they mainly block vital natural light, with which all living beings have evolved, even if transmitted through a window, a skylight, an open door, if the user is inside, or even block the natural light present in much greater quantity if the user is outside (for example, using a mobile phone in a park).

[0037] In summary, a spectacle lens that blocks light in front of a user's eyes blocks all light, whether natural or artificial, because a spectacle lens cannot distinguish between a natural photon and an artificial photon. Under the pretext of receiving artificial light from a screen or lamp during the day, blocking artificial light essentially amounts to blocking numerous wavelengths in large quantities that come from the sun, creating major imbalances in the body. To understand this, it was important to grasp how much our health, well-being, and performance depend on the gradual and progressive penetration of natural photon wavelengths into our eyes and skin, and how depriving ourselves of this penetration during the day simply to try to block the (indeed real) harmful effects of artificial light is not optimal.

[0038] In the absence of natural daylight (for example, at eleven o'clock in the morning, in subway stations or shopping malls), the user's body and mind expect to receive light (normally natural) in all cases. The lenses of the solutions previously disclosed in patent documents deprive the user of any blue or sometimes green light stimulation, whereas this remains crucial during the day for the user to be alert, in a good mood, to manage their stress and energy, and to regulate their circadian rhythm, particularly thanks to the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells present in their retina.We are not advocating the benefits of artificial light during the day, quite the contrary, but we argue that it is illogical to block all forms of light from a user's eyes at a time when their internal clock and entire physiology expect to perceive light, that is, during the day.

[0039] Moreover, being outdoors during the day, natural wavelengths counteract the negative effects of artificial wavelengths. For example, it is known In the field of photobiology, red and infrared light counterbalance blue and ultraviolet light. Thus, the infrared light emitted by the sun counterbalances the blue light emitted by the screen; provided that it is used outdoors, or provided that the infrared light is properly captured with a lens as described in this invention if visual correction is required.

[0040] In this invention, we describe artificial light as that of the twenty-first century, the result of the development of many previous lights - which were initially all thermal, including the incandescent lamp invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison's team - and which today have as their source two main devices: on the one hand LEDs (light-emitting diodes: screens, car headlights, streetlights, domestic lighting, lighting in shops) and on the other hand fluorescent lamps (Compact Fluorescent Light for domestic and commercial lighting, neon lights in supermarkets and public transport, among others).As a reminder, none of these sources ever emit light below 440nm, which can easily be demonstrated using a spectrometer. Furthermore, when white or blue, all of these sources emit a peak light between 450 and 480nm, meaning they emit on average four times more blue than other colors (green, yellow, orange, red). Even though some of these sources, particularly those with warmer green or orange tones, emit less blue light, they still emit a particularly energetic, artificial light source (with which humans have never evolved, except for the last 100 years, a period that has itself seen extremely rapid development in lighting and information technologies following Haitz's law: LED performance doubles every three years, while prices decrease tenfold every ten years).These artificial lights are switched on, for illumination purposes but also for information (for example, in the case of a screen), at a time that is detrimental to the circadian biology of human beings, which adapts to the Earth's constant rotation on its axis, tilted at 23.5° to the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the sun. This latter phenomenon has been constant for approximately 4.5 billion years and causes something that fascinates all human beings: sunrises and sunsets.

[0041] Thus, the ideal solution during the physiological periods of wakefulness in humans at night would be an optical device, with or without visual correction (i.e., for all humans living in a modern, artificially lit society), that effectively blocks blue, but also partially blocks green, yellow, and even orange under certain conditions of strong artificial light, while allowing at least red to pass through, and a variable amount of orange and yellow depending on the conditions, in order to have peaceful, restorative evenings, as if the user were facing candles when he is facing LEDs that he sometimes cannot control (especially outdoors after sunset, for example in a subway station).

[0042] In total, when a human being needs visual correction (myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, presbyopia), an ideal solution would be a kit of two pairs of glasses.

[0043] The first pair, during the day, allows the eyes to be exposed to natural light despite visual correction, and the second pair, in the evening or before sunrise, that is to say during the physiological periods of wakefulness at night, allows the exposure to artificial light to be minimized - that is to say at the time when it is omnipresent and most disruptive to the human being.

[0044] In the event that a human being does not require visual correction, they are only concerned with the second pair of glasses, the one for their physiological periods of wakefulness at night. Indeed, any material in front of their eyes during the day blocks at least part of the natural light and would be harmful.

[0045] For optimal effectiveness, the device includes two separate pairs of glasses: one for daytime use to maximize exposure to the sun's ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectra, and the other for nighttime waking hours, selectively blocking artificial light wavelengths. This multispectral solution thus configured meets the needs of each light phase, isolating natural wavelengths during the day and filtering artificial light in the evening.

[0046] The kit can, however, be considered, in one embodiment of the invention, as a single pair of glasses with a daytime lens as developed in this invention, to which one or more lenses are added, by means of a clip system on the front of the glasses, to be worn during the user's awake nighttime physiological phases to block artificial light (the concept of a second pair of glasses, this time for nighttime use). However, this embodiment is not the preferred one, because a clip system has major drawbacks: the glasses are heavy, their effectiveness is not uniform in many cases, the magnetic system is close to the brain, and the magnetic system is not optimal, causing the clip to fall off, among other disadvantages. Summary of the invention

[0047] According to one aspect, the invention relates to an optical kit for visual and physiological protection, comprising at least two separate optical devices intended to be worn during different periods of the day by an individual to correct their vision, a first optical device comprising at least one first lens having a first corrective optical characteristic enabling a first optical correction, said first lens having a transmittance of at least 70% of the light on the entire visible spectrum considered between 380 nm and 780 nm and a second optical device comprising at least one second glass having the same first optical characteristic enabling the same first optical correction to be achieved, said second glass comprising a filtering means to block at least 76% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm and at least 30% in the range of 500-650 nm.

[0048] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device includes a treatment to block by at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm.

[0049] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises an organic polymer substrate, characterized by at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the 380-500 nm range and at least 30% in the 500-650 nm range,

[0050] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a mineral material substrate characterized by at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the 380-500 nm range.

[0051] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises at least one means blocking at least 90% of the light in the 380-500 nm range and at least 41% in the 500-650 nm range.

[0052] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device includes a treatment to block at least 2% of the light in the 650-800nm ​​range.

[0053] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises at least one means blocking at least 97% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm and at least 45% in the range of 500-650 nm.

[0054] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a multilayer filter with layers of dielectric materials for destructive interference in a specific range of wavelengths, ensuring a targeted and homogeneous reduction of blue, green, yellow, or orange light from artificial sources, sources of hormonal and neurological disturbances during the physiological night periods of the human being.

[0055] According to one embodiment, at least one glass of the second optical device includes an absorption treatment by specific dyes integrated into the substrate to selectively block wavelengths of blue, green, yellow, or orange light from artificial sources, or an interference filter configured to block a first quantity of light in the blue band, a second in the green band, a third in the yellow band, and a fourth in the orange band.

[0056] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the second optical device comprises at least one advanced anti-reflective and anti-fog surface treatment, increasing resistance to stains, dirt, and other wear factors for prolonged performance, and modifying the transmittance of the glass.

[0057] According to one embodiment, at least one glass of the first optical device is selected or treated to ensure a transmittance greater than 10% in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 380 nm, 80% in the visible range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and 10% in the infrared range from 780 nm to 5000 nm.

[0058] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the first optical device comprises a material composed of fused silica or quartz.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the material composed of molten silica is obtained by melting in the presence of chlorine, molding, annealing.

[0060] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the first optical device comprises a multilayer anti-reflective coating, deposited under vacuum, using materials such as magnesium fluoride MgF2 and titanium dioxide TiO2.

[0061] According to one embodiment, at least one lens of the first optical device comprises at least one optical treatment such as a hydrophobic, oleophobic, anti-fog coating, and / or an optical coating promoting the transmission of natural UV and infrared light.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the optical kit includes a case or housing having two compartments for receiving the two optical devices, a first compartment having a first marking for use for a period less than the duration of a day and ending at sunset and a second compartment having a second marking for use for a period less than the duration of a day and beginning after sunset.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the first usage marking indicates use for a period less than the duration of a day and beginning at sunrise and in that the second usage marking indicates use for a period less than the duration of a day and ending at sunrise.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the optical kit comprises a case having a space to receive two pairs of glasses, said space being separated by a flexible partition to create two sub-spaces.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the housing includes a plurality of markers defining sunset times according to periods of the year.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the glasses kit comprises at least three pairs of glasses, including: • a first pair of glasses is adapted for daytime wear with specific visual correction; • a second pair of glasses is suitable for nighttime wear in average artificial lighting conditions, including in a controlled lighting environment with dimmed lights; • A third pair, or additional pairs, is suitable for nighttime wear in conditions of intense artificial lighting, with higher light blocking rates than the second pair, particularly for use when working in front of an artificial light source such as a screen, or in the case of nighttime travel in brightly lit environments such as public transport.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the optical kit is designed to protect visual and neurological physiology. It comprises at least two separate optical devices, one of which maximizes the eyes' exposure to natural daytime light, while the other blocks artificial nighttime light waves during the physiological periods of wakefulness at night, before sunrise and after sunset. This combination acts synergistically to optimize physiological well-being, notably by regulating sleep, eye health, and neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, reducing stress, increasing cognitive and physical performance, and preventing psychiatric and somatic illnesses.

[0068] According to one embodiment, by blocking artificial light during these nighttime waking periods, the kit naturally improves circadian regulation and melatonin synthesis. This modulation of ambient light can also benefit mood, concentration, memory, and learning, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases, migraines, and eye strain. Each device in the kit is configured to transmit a specific range of wavelengths and is optimized for daytime or nighttime use. The nighttime device provides protection against artificial light while ensuring optimal transmission of the visible and invisible natural solar spectrum during the day.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the materials used in the kit allow for targeted transmittance and selective blocking of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, promoting gradual exposure adapted to the user's physiological needs according to the Earth's natural cycles. Clips can be used to facilitate optimal transmission of natural daytime light and reduce nighttime eye exposure to artificial light.

[0070] According to one embodiment, a daytime device with visual correction is designed to maximize the transmission of natural light. It is composed of fused silica or quartz and has a transmittance greater than 10% in the 200 to 380 nm range, 80% in the visible range from 380 to 780 nm, and 10% in the infrared range from 780 to 5000 nm. This device improves sleep, concentration, memory, and It reduces headaches and eye strain. The manufacturing process for this glass uses advanced purification techniques, including melting in the presence of chlorine, molding, and annealing to maximize exposure to natural daylight.

[0071] According to one embodiment, to ensure optimal transmission, the daytime device may include a vacuum-deposited, multi-layer anti-reflective coating with materials such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The lens also offers thermal resistance suitable for extreme working environments without compromising its optical performance. Additional optical treatments, such as a hydrophobic, oleophobic, or anti-fog coating, increase its durability and promote the transmission of natural UV and infrared radiation.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the night-vision device comprises an optical lens, with or without visual correction, designed to block at least 76% of light in the 380-500 nm range and 30% in the 500-650 nm range. This lens can also block light indiscriminately in the 650-800 nm range and beyond. A multilayer filter composed of dielectric materials ensures targeted and homogeneous reduction of specific wavelengths from artificial sources. Alternatively, dyes integrated into the substrate selectively block blue, green, yellow, or orange light.

[0073] According to one embodiment, advanced anti-reflective and anti-fog surface treatments increase the durability and optical performance of the night vision device, while adjusting the transmittance according to physiological needs. For advanced adaptation, the kit can incorporate light sensors that dynamically adjust the transmittance or blockage depending on ambient brightness and time of day, thus optimizing visual comfort and physiological effects.

[0074] Finally, according to one embodiment, the kit is accompanied by an ergonomic case comprising separate compartments for each optical device, identified by markings indicating their daytime or nighttime use. This case may include seasonal markers to indicate sunset times according to the time of year, providing intuitive and practical storage.

[0075] The invention is a kit of optical devices comprising, in a preferred embodiment, two pairs of glasses. The first pair always has visual correction and is intended for daytime use, efficiently transmitting ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light for essential physiological needs. The second pair, with or without visual correction, is dedicated to nighttime physiological periods of wakefulness and selectively blocks wavelengths of artificial light, particularly those between 450 and 480 nm (blue), but also green and yellow, and even orange, which interfere with melatonin production and disrupt circadian, hormonal, mitochondrial, and recovery rhythms.

[0076] In another embodiment, without the need for visual correction for the user, the invention relates only to the pair of night glasses.

[0077] The daytime glasses are designed for daytime use, maximizing exposure to natural light, including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared, while correcting vision. These lenses offer a transmittance greater than 10% in the ultraviolet range (200-380 nm), 80% in the visible range (380-780 nm), and 10% in the infrared range (780-3000 nm), ensuring a physiological intake of natural light spectra. In the present invention, we intentionally disregard infrared radiation at wavelengths above 3000 nm, as it constitutes a very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the sun. However, although solar irradiance is statistically negligible beyond 3000 nm, the optical clarity principle enabling transmittance of wavelengths above this limit is also claimed in this application.

[0078] The glasses, designed for use during nocturnal periods of wakefulness, are suitable for evening or pre-dawn use, in all cases when the sky is dark or black and modern artificial light is present. They feature lenses with or without visual correction and specifically block harmful wavelengths of artificial light: at least 76% blocking in the 380-500 nm range and, optionally, at least 30% in the 500-650 nm range, targeting blue, green, and yellow to respect circadian rhythms. They indefinitely block orange and red. The principle is to transmit a portion of orange and red light in order to allow the perception of light.It should be worn after sunset, or more generally when it is dark or black in the sky after sunset, until the user wishes to fall asleep, as well as before sunrise when the sky is dark or black, while the user is awake. Wearing the night glasses is prohibited when the user considers a situation dangerous due to the increased propensity for sleep induced by this action. For example, wearing them is prohibited while driving at night.

[0079] Although the invention allows, in a preferred mode, the use of two pairs of dedicated glasses for optimal protection, it can also include automatic filtering devices, reactive to variations in ambient light, or the use of removable modules (clips), sometimes without however achieving the efficiency and comfort of a dedicated pair, both in terms of spectral transmittance and prolonged visual comfort.

[0080] In an advanced embodiment, the device can integrate intelligently calibrated light sensors (e.g., GPS, but not exclusively) or manually calibrated light sensors (e.g., adjustment on the glasses or with an external component). This embodiment thus dynamically adjusts the filtering according to taking into account ambient brightness, time of day, and artificial light conditions, the system provides fully automated filtering tailored to the user's needs for optimal alignment with their circadian rhythm. This embodiment is proposed but not preferred in the present invention, as it involves the concept of adjustment, which is easily maintained by the natural instinct of a user of two pairs of glasses. The user knows when to switch based on lighting conditions, which, although repetitive, are always changing: for example, a user might be on a beach at 10:30 PM after sunset, or in a subway station. In such cases, the change in brightness should preferably be achieved through a physical act of changing glasses (or clips) rather than adjusting the lenses according to a setting.However, a device with a time and light sensor, external to or integrated into the glasses, is envisaged in this invention.

[0081] The transmittance performance of the device, both day and night, uses a reference light source that strictly complies with the international standards for white light and irradiance defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). These standards specify the criteria for visible light (spectrum from 380 to 780 nm) and invisible light (ultraviolet from 200 to 380 nm and infrared above 780 nm) necessary to simulate natural and artificial light conditions, including their effects on human physiology. The reference light source must reproduce the solar spectral irradiance (in particular for ultraviolet light from 200 to 380 nm, and infrared light from 780 to 3000 or 5000 nm) in accordance with the white light standards and spectral balance standards defined by the CIE to mimic daytime and nighttime light characteristics under natural atmospheric conditions.These features include a balanced spectrum that takes into account the energy distribution of wavelengths in natural light to optimize daytime transmittance without obstructing spectral components and, conversely, to provide nighttime protection against wavelengths specific to artificial light. Adherence to CIE standards ensures that the kit devices meet the requirements for spectral accuracy and repeatability in transmittance studies, thus enabling a reliable and scientifically validated evaluation of the lenses' daytime and nighttime performance, optimized for circadian regulation and overall health.

[0082] In this document, the term "UV" is used as an abbreviation for "ultraviolet" and "IR" for "infrared". Also, the term "artificial light" refers to any light created by humans, thus excluding light from the sun, the moon (reflecting sunlight) and stars.

[0083] The device kit and the measurement of their transmittance comply in particular with these standards: - ISO 8980-3: standard applicable to ophthalmic lenses, specifying methods for measuring visible light transmittance for accurate and reproducible evaluation. This standard ensures that the device meets the transmittance requirements under daytime visible light conditions.

[0084] - ISO 12312-1 and EN ISO 12312-1:2013(1A1:2015): applied to sunglasses and defining strict criteria for the transmission of visible light, these standards are used here to validate the ability of devices to block the wavelengths of artificial nighttime light under simulated laboratory conditions, ensuring optimal eye protection.

[0085] - ISO 9050: concerning the transmittance of glazing for sunlight and Visible, this standard is applied here to guarantee optimal transmission of daytime lenses to natural wavelengths (visible, ultraviolet, infrared), while ensuring a transmittance measurement that conforms to solar irradiance standards.

[0086] - ISO ANSI Z80.3:2018: This standard defines the performance requirements and safety standards for spectacle lenses, including criteria for visible and ultraviolet light transmittance and absorption, are applied here to validate that the device does not compromise daytime and nighttime performance under natural and artificial light conditions. - AS / NZS 1067.1:2016: Australian and New Zealand standard specifying transmittance requirements for spectacle and sun protection lenses. It is incorporated to ensure representative and compliant performance under high irradiance conditions, such as outdoors during the day, while maintaining protection standards.

[0087] The infrared and ultraviolet light emitted during the tests are therefore representative of the international standards in force, as well as of solar irradiance.

[0088] To ensure the repeatability of measurements and the accuracy of results, transmittance tests must be carried out in a controlled laboratory environment: temperature 23 ± 2 °C, relative humidity 40–60%, absence of dust and ambient light. By complying with the white light and solar spectrum standards defined by the CIE and the aforementioned standards, the device kit ensures that the transmitted light conforms to the daytime and nighttime irradiances expected for optimal physiological effect, thus providing validated and scientifically justifiable protection against the effects of artificial light in the evening and natural transmission during the day.

[0089] The blocked or transmitted light can preferably, in this application, be measured according to a spectral distribution of energy quantum or spectral quantum distribution, SQD, measured in photons / s / m2 / nm or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons (quanta of energy) emitted, transmitted or reflected per unit area, per unit time and per unit wavelength (or frequency).

[0090] The results must be obtained on average over at least three independent tests to ensure the repeatability and reliability of the data.

[0091] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the technicality of the solution is not used for a daytime spectacle lens but for a window which transmits natural light during the day and which, in the evening and generally during nocturnal physiological periods, could tint itself so as to block the artificial light present in the user's street, for example.

[0092] In the context of this invention, technical terms such as 'block', 'absorb', 'reflect', and any other terms relating to light attenuation or management are not expressly distinguished. What matters is the final result in terms of reducing the light perceived by the human eye over the specified wavelength ranges. Thus, any method or combination of methods that results in a decrease in light transmission according to the percentages indicated for each wavelength range is included within the scope of this invention.

[0093] Preferred embodiment of the daytime pair: manufacturing of the optical glass from fused silica

[0094] The manufacturing process of fused silica optical glass is a technical operation that relies on a thorough understanding of the materials and technologies associated with the production of high-performance optical glasses. Fused silica is the material of choice for this embodiment because it offers exceptional light transmission properties across a wide range of wavelengths, particularly in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. However, the production of optical glasses from fused silica requires a series of steps to ensure the purity, homogeneity, and optical characteristics of the glass.

[0095] The first step involves using very high-purity silica, since any impurity in the initial material could affect light transmission and introduce optical distortions. The silica (SiO2) is purified by advanced chemical processes, including high-temperature treatments under a controlled atmosphere. One of the most widely used processes for removing metallic impurities is smelting in the presence of chlorine, which reacts with the metals to form volatile compounds that are then removed.

[0096] This purification process yields ultra-pure silica with a very low impurity content (<1 ppm). This characteristic makes it possible to produce optical glasses. high quality capable of transmitting up to 95% of light in certain wavelengths.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the purification of the silica is carried out to obtain the pair of daytime lenses. Without this purification, the invention does not always exhibit sufficient transmittance for effects deemed sufficiently beneficial to human physiology.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the process begins with the use of optical-grade silica with an initial purity greater than 99.99%, preferably synthetic silica produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) that contains fewer metallic and organic impurities. The particle size, uniform between 10 and 50 µm, is controlled to facilitate the subsequent steps.

[0099] According to one embodiment, a thermal pretreatment is carried out to remove volatile contaminants. The silica is heated to 1000 °C in a furnace under a dry argon or nitrogen atmosphere, then exposed to a chlorine flow between 1000 °C and 1200 °C to react with the metallic impurities and transform them into volatile chlorides. These volatile by-products are then collected using a high-temperature filter.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the purified silica is loaded into a graphite crucible coated with yttrium oxide (Y2O3) to prevent contamination, and then placed in an induction furnace under an inert atmosphere of argon or helium to prevent oxidation. The temperature is gradually raised to 1700 °C ±10 °C, with an intermediate plateau at 1200 °C to homogenize the charge. Once the silica has melted, it is held at this temperature for 4 to 8 hours. Periodic stirring is carried out using pure quartz stirrers to eliminate thermal gradients, while integrated optical sensors monitor viscosity and homogeneity.

[0101] According to one embodiment, the molten silica is then poured into graphite molds coated with beryllium oxide (BeO) to ensure easy demolding and prevent adhesion. An isostatic molding system under controlled pressure between 10 MPa and 50 MPa is used to reduce bubbles and internal voids. The resulting blanks, cylindrical or flat, have a uniform thickness of 10 mm to 20 mm, depending on the future optical requirements.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the blanks are then transferred to an annealing furnace. The cooling procedure follows a precise cycle: a temperature of 1200 °C is maintained for 2 hours to stabilize the stresses, then reduced to 800 °C at a rate of 1 °C per minute, before being lowered to ambient temperature at a rate of 0.5 °C per minute. This process eliminates internal stresses and ensures perfect homogeneity of the refractive index over the entire surface.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the blanks then undergo chemical-mechanical polishing. They are fixed on rotating supports and treated with a colloidal silica suspension containing abrasive particles of 50 to 100 nm. Each face is polished for 4 to 6 hours under a constant pressure of 5 kPa. The surface roughness is regularly checked to achieve a final finish of less than 1 nm. After polishing, the parts are thoroughly rinsed with ultrapure water having a resistivity greater than 18 MΩ-cm, and then dried using a filtered airflow conforming to ISO class 5.

[0104] According to one embodiment, an anti-reflective coating is applied to optimize light transmission. Nanoscale layers of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) are deposited by a vacuum process (PVD). Each layer has a strictly controlled thickness between 50 nm and 150 nm, with a tolerance of ±1 nm to ensure maximum light transmission, reaching up to 98% in certain spectral bands. Additional coatings can be added, including hydrophobic and oleophobic treatments by spraying or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as well as anti-fog coatings based on hydrophilic polymers.

[0105] According to one embodiment, the final adjustments are made using CNC machines to machine the curvatures of the front and back surfaces according to the necessary optical requirements, whether for spheres, cylinders, or progressive lenses. Online checks ensure the absence of deviations in optical power. The finished parts undergo rigorous testing: laser interferometry to verify the homogeneity of the refractive index, and spectrophotometric tests to confirm performance in the UV (200-400 nm), visible (400-700 nm), and IR (700-3000 nm) ranges.

[0106] The optical glass obtained exhibits very good light transmission characteristics. It is free from significant optical distortions and is compatible with a wide range of corrective and technical applications. This method guarantees industrial reproducibility while maintaining high quality standards.

[0107] Other materials may be used in other embodiments of the invention, listed herein in a non-exhaustive manner: quartz, borosilicate glass, N-BK7 glass, synthetic sapphire, calcium fluoride (CaF2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), high ultraviolet transmission glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based polymers, fluorophosphate glass, phosphate glass, aluminum oxynitride (ALON), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), chalcogenides (selenium or sulfur glass), indium tin oxide (ITO), low dispersion (ED) optical glass, lithium fluoride (LiF), barium fluoride (BaF2), barium silicate glass, aluminum silicate glass, zinc oxide (ZnO), polycarbonate (PC), hybrid glass. Other coatings can also be applied to the lens. The lens surfaces can be equipped with specialized treatments, including an anti-fog coating to maintain consistent visibility, an advanced anti-reflective coating to minimize halo effects in low-light environments, and an oleophobic coating to ensure lasting cleanliness and easy maintenance, all ensuring optimal performance under conditions of prolonged wear.

[0108] In summary, the manufacturing of the device employs precision techniques, including rigorously controlled annealing, nanometric chemical-mechanical polishing, and optimization of the coating layers by vacuum deposition. These processes guarantee the homogeneity, optical purity, and durability of the lenses, while meeting international quality and safety standards.

[0109] The device is designed with ergonomics adaptable to the user's morphologies, including options for adjusting curvature and thickness, ensuring prolonged comfort and physiological stability, as well as customization of optical parameters to meet individual preferences and environmental needs.

[0110] Examples of daytime pair usage scenarios

[0111] 1. A user works in an office lit by LED lamps, but finds himself also near a large window receiving natural light. Thanks to its ability to allow the entire light spectrum to pass through, the optical device allows this user to benefit from natural light, unlike filtering lenses that would block wavelengths important for their health. Even at the cost of exposure to artificial light in this specific case, the user is able to receive natural light, which is more vital than protecting themselves from artificial light in this particular situation—that is, during the day, when their eyes crave every wavelength of natural light. This would not be the case if the sun had already set, in which case they would have needed to protect themselves from artificial light with a pair of glasses adapted for the physiological periods of nighttime wakefulness.

[0112] 2. A person spends a day in a well-lit shopping mall exclusively by artificial light. Since this situation occurs during the day, the person's circadian rhythm is "programmed" to function during the day; they therefore need to receive light. Rather than blocking this artificial light, which would compromise their need for blue light (among other things) during the day, the user continues to potentially receive the entire light spectrum if they leave the shopping mall, thus optimizing their well-being until they can go outside and benefit from natural light. Through this invention, we therefore invite anyone who works during the day without light to adopt this solution. natural to have optically clear lenses to the point of letting through all the light, even unfortunately artificial, and above all to dare to go out "get some fresh air", or light, as much as possible.

[0113] 3. A person is gardening during the day. Without glasses, they cannot see up close. Without glasses, she needs strong visual correction. If she wants to see clearly, she must wear glasses. The glasses offered by the prior art would automatically deprive her of ultraviolet light, and often of part of the visible light spectrum, as well as infrared light. With the invention, a person can garden while wearing glasses that allow them to see with ideal optical clarity and high transmittance of ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared. However, since the lenses presented in this application are made of a material that forms an interface between the sun and the user's eyes, they will always block a proportion of the light; therefore, in some cases, depending on the needs, it is considered preferable not to wear glasses during the day, including those of the invention.However, this last concept requires a complete sense of security regarding external conditions, for example, the absence of sharp or fast-moving objects nearby.

[0114] Preferred embodiment of the pair of nocturnal physiological periods: manufacture of the lens with or without correction in CR39, nylon, or MR8.

[0115] When the sky is dark (or black), when artificial light is omnipresent, both after sunset and before sunrise when we are awake, we must protect ourselves from artificial light. For this purpose, the glass used must block light, particularly visible light. Indeed, 21st-century artificial lights do not lose any energy to the invisible spectrum: they do not emit infrared or UV radiation if their sole purpose is illumination and not therapy (infrared panels, for example). This invention, however, blocks more than 0% of infrared and more than 0% of ultraviolet radiation, thus protecting the user from the effects of using infrared panels during their nocturnal waking hours.

[0116] To achieve optically opaque glass at specific wavelengths, in particular violet (indifferently), blue, green, yellow (these last three colours preferentially), and possibly orange or even part of red, some innovative processes have been used in this invention for a beneficial effect on the overall health, well-being and performance of its user.

[0117] The materials used in embodiments of the invention of the pair for nocturnal physiological periods preferably include, but are not limited to, CR39, polycarbonate, nylon, MR8, as well as advanced materials based on nanotechnology and polymers to provide opacity to light and optimal durability. This substrate allows the combination of filter layers without compromising the transmission properties required for use in nighttime conditions, while guaranteeing the light blocking, durability, lightness and robustness required for prolonged use.

[0118] This night glass implements a selective blocking of certain wavelengths, specifically targeted to mitigate the effects of the ubiquitous artificial light during the physiological night periods of human beings, particularly those of artificial blue, green and yellow lights (combined in a light-emitting device) which disrupt, among other things, the production of melatonin, the circadian rhythm, the production of dopamine, and the antioxidant resources of human beings.

[0119] Two variants are preferred to meet the requirements of either dimly or brightly artificially lit environments: in the first standard blocking mode, the lens blocks at least 76% of the light in the 380-500 nm range, thus ensuring that only a minimal fraction of intense blue light is transmitted, reducing the effects of this light on the retina. In the 500-650 nm range, it can optionally (but preferably) block at least 30% of this light, which is essential in dimly lit conditions to limit the stimulation of retinal ganglion cells and thus improve visual comfort. In the 650-800 nm range, the blocking rate is irrelevant according to the invention; it can block 0% or 80%; in other words, it blocks 0% or more.

[0120] In a second intensive blocking mode, corresponding to the preferred embodiment of the invention, designed for brightly lit artificial environments, such as during a late-night work session in front of an LED (computer screen) at midnight in France, or in a subway station where controlling the ambient light is impossible at midnight in France, or lying in bed staring at a phone screen, the glass blocks more than 90% of the light in the 380-500 nm range, significantly reducing the most disruptive wavelengths. In the 500-650 nm range, this blocking preferentially, but not necessarily, reaches 41% or more, ensuring increased suppression of green, yellow, or orange light, or all three, under conditions of high artificial exposure.

[0121] In one embodiment of the invention, the kit comprises three or more pairs of glasses. The first pair has visual correction for daytime wear, the second has visual correction for nighttime wear under average artificial lighting conditions (for example, a controlled lighting environment with dimmed lights at home), and the third pair or other pairs have higher blocking rates than the second and are suitable for nighttime wear under strong artificial lighting conditions (for example, when working at night in front of a light source). artificial light such as a screen, or in the case of a night journey on brightly lit public transport).

[0122] To achieve these precise blocking levels in a preferred embodiment of the invention, several filtering techniques can be combined in the manufacture of lenses for the physiological nighttime waking periods of humans. The preferred selective absorption technique uses molecules integrated into the lens, such as benzotriazoles, hydroxyphenyltriazines, or synthetic melanin, allowing targeted absorption of undesirable wavelengths, particularly in the blue spectrum, while allowing the other wavelengths necessary for optimal visual comfort under nighttime conditions to pass through. This absorption process is the preferred embodiment of the nighttime lenses.

[0123] Optionally, a preferred optical interference process using interference coatings formed from thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) can be applied by vacuum deposition. This vacuum deposition process adjusts each layer to a precise nanometer thickness, creating destructive interference to cancel the wavelengths of blue, green, yellow, and even orange light. In parallel, a reflective layer can be integrated on the external surface of the glass to reflect specific wavelengths back from the glass, thus reducing the intensity of certain unwanted light in synergy with the absorption and interference layers for optimal efficiency under conditions of high artificial brightness.The filtering device can be positioned on the external surface of the glass, integrated into the mass of the optical substrate or in intermediate layers, thus ensuring constant efficiency, regardless of the exact position of the filter in the glass structure, while preserving the uniformity of transmittance and the optical characteristics of the device.

[0124] The transmission and blocking specifications of the night-vision lens are measured and validated by transmittance tests, carried out in accordance with several ISO standards and international standards to guarantee the reliability of the performance already mentioned above; among others, ISO ANSI 280.3:2018 for precise spectral transmission; EN ISO 12312-1:2013(A1:2015) and AS / NZS 1067.1:2016 for filtering performance in accordance with the conditions of use; ISO 8980-3 for specific protection against the effects of blue light; ISO 12312-1 and ISO 9050 for standardized assessments of spectral transmission, taking into account spectral distribution functions and risks to eye health. These conformity measures ensure a strict evaluation of the filtering capacity, integrating the risk function related to exposure to blue, green, yellow, or even orange light in some cases, in an artificial environment.

[0125] After the application of the filter layers, the lens undergoes an annealing process to stabilize internal stresses, then is polished to a minimum surface roughness (< 1 nm), ensuring optimal transmission of unblocked wavelengths. This polishing, performed on both sides of the lens, guarantees perfect flatness, allowing maximum transmission without unwanted scattering or absorption.

[0126] To further optimize the performance of the night lens, several surface treatments can be added in addition, including a hydrophobic or oleophobic treatment to minimize fingerprints and dust accumulation, an anti-reflective coating that reduces reflections in low light conditions and improves visual comfort, and an anti-fog treatment to ensure visibility in humid environments.

[0127] By combining advanced absorption, interference, and reflection technologies, this night lens ensures optimal blocking of blue and green wavelengths depending on lighting conditions. Thanks to strict compliance with international spectral transmission standards, this device offers a technical solution that reduces the negative effects of artificial light, while supporting human physiology for improved visual comfort and health during nighttime or low-light conditions.

[0128] Beyond the relevance of the principle of blocking artificial noise rather than imitating natural noise, the solution is relevant with regard to the timing of its use and its selective effectiveness on the wavelengths most important in the modern society in which we live. This relevance of the timing of its use and its selective effectiveness on the wavelengths relevant to our society has not been discussed in patent documents of the art prior to this invention.

[0129] The optical solution formed by the second optical device is preferably used only in natural dark conditions - that is to say after sunset, and before sunrise.

[0130] The use of the present invention is based on the Earth's rotation on its own axis (day-night cycle), that is, on sunrise and sunset. This precise time depends greatly on the season, and slightly on human instinct, the lighting environment (lighting conditions are not the same in a city apartment or a mountain lodge), and geography. This application therefore includes a method claim, namely blocking artificial light after sunset, covering all time periods from sunset onward; and before sunrise, covering all time periods. time slots before sunrise; and including these times (sunset and sunrise) depending on varying environmental conditions.

[0131] Whereas the solutions proposed by other manufacturers of lenses claiming to block blue light do not distinguish the temporality of their use, and recommend that the population wear them without worrying about the changing nature of the light or surrounding darkness - which has physiological and pathological consequences, particularly in terms of mood and sleep - the solution developed is relevant thanks to the temporality of its use.

[0132] This temporal relevance is explained physiologically through different processes, the simplest being that we have evolved to sleep at night and live - be active - during the day, and that failure to respect this generates all possible health problems: the scientific literature indicates many associations between poor sleep or shift work - at night - and the appearance of somatic, psychic, social diseases.

[0133] From a more neuroscientific perspective, the best explanation, in our view, comes from ipRGCs—the neurons in the retina that regulate the human biological clock and that can potentially trigger migraines if they are exposed to light at a non-physiological time. These neurons are probably more sensitive to light after we have been awake for 12 to 16 hours; and in any case, they should not be exposed to light outside of periods of natural daylight. The harmfulness of light is indeed also largely related to the timing of our eyes' exposure to it. This has not been described in the prior art.The maximum danger posed by light is not only related to its quantity, not only to its wavelength, not only to the nature of its source, not only to the organ exposed to it (whether it be the eye or another organ), but also, and to a great extent, to the timing of our exposure. Blocking this artificial light at the most crucial moments for our physiology is a characteristic that offers an advantage over prior solutions. Choosing not to block this artificial light during the day is another characteristic that allows us to prioritize a natural lifestyle during the day—outdoors—and exposure to the full spectrum of light, gradually and thoughtfully.

[0134] Whereas unpatented solutions, although less effective in terms of absolute efficiency and the relevance of that efficiency—that is, on the wavelengths that really matter—block light at an inopportune time—during the day—an advantage of this present invention is that it restricts itself to periods of darkness for optimal respect of our physiology and maximum prevention of our pathologies, so as not to imitate or even prevent the natural, but to block the artificial and benefit from all the physiological advantages that this provides.

[0135] The real solution to the public health problem caused by "artificial blue light" is, firstly, to limit exposure to it as much as possible in the evening and before sunrise, and secondly, to spend more time outdoors during the day, without risk if this is done gradually according to our ethnicity and environment (winter exposure, morning and evening exposure, for example). The goal is to gain an intrinsic understanding of one's instinctive physiology, always consciously moderating exposure but without blocking it with glasses.Blocking blue light during the day with glasses in front of the eyes, even on a range of wavelengths that have less impact on the circadian rhythm - but have entirely different functions - is a choice with serious consequences for daily life and health, and possibly associated with the intensely increasing incidence of neurodegenerative and cognitive pathologies (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, among others), psychiatric or psychological disorders (insomnia, ADHD, autism, dyslexia, addictions to various substances, among others) and somatic disorders.

[0136] Unlike the prior art, this solution blocks light on wavelengths that are physically and physiologically relevant.

[0137] Physically, firstly, because blue and violet light are the most energetic visible lights: their photons transmit approximately 1.8 times more energy than red light photons, for example (calculated using the Einstein-Planck relation). Secondly, because the light emitted by current LEDs and fluorescent lamps has a predominant emission peak in the blue wavelength range: on average, there is four times more blue than other colors. It should be noted that this peak is always located in the 450-470 nanometer (nm) wavelength range.

[0138] Physiologically, because, as already indicated, this same wavelength range happens to be the peak sensitivity of neurons located in our retina (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs). These neurons govern the synchronization of our circadian rhythm, the secretion or not of melatonin, and the triggering or not of migraines, as well as other physiological processes (connection to the amygdala - emotions and memories -, connection to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus - the nucleus enabling sleep -, connection to the olivary pretectal nucleus of the midbrain - enabling the pupillary reflex).

[0139] The selective effectiveness of the solution is synergistic; it is intended to block, in particular (but not exclusively), in the preferred form of the invention, blue, green and yellow, without blocking red, to allow optimal visual comfort; but other combinations are possible.

[0140] The solution of the invention has the advantage of being potentially universally applicable: everyone living in an artificially lit society in the twenty-first century is subject to the destructive health consequences of artificial light, and everyone is concerned by a simple solution to wear before the eyes, with or without visual correction, during their nighttime waking hours. Ideally, the solution contained in the lens is combined with high-quality, robust, lightweight frames that adapt to most face shapes.Among other things, it is recommended that daytime glasses have frames that are robust enough and have hinges strong enough to withstand wearing them with the hinge supported by the collar of the user's T-shirt or top, so that the user can further optimize their exposure to natural light when they do not need to see absolutely clearly, in environmental conditions that they consider safe.

[0141] This technical solution addresses major, often public health-related, frequent, and sometimes serious technical problems—to name just a few—all linked to decreased exposure to natural light during the day and excessive exposure to artificial light during periods of physiological darkness. This is related, but not exclusively, to the systemic role of certain neurotransmitters and hormones dependent on our perception of light and our sleep.When their synthesis or secretion is disrupted, it triggers many of the ailments on the rise in our society: chronic fatigue, anxiety, low moods or even major depressive episodes, concentration disorders (ADHD), screen addiction, eating disorders, insomnia (difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings), migraines, deficient mitochondrial health, avoidance of potentially risky medications with side effects, drug interactions and variability, intraretinal oxidative stress and its consequences, eye strain, a potentially preventive solution for retinal diseases - notably AMD, poor sleep and phase shifts and their consequences - notably neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases.

[0142] Thus, among other things, through improved sleep—which is the cornerstone of all well-being and human health—but more broadly through respect for the physiological darkness to which human beings are meant to be exposed, and after being informed of all the physiological processes requiring full natural light during the day and the absence of artificial light, starting with the retina, the use of these glasses with lenses that block artificial light after sunset allows for a performance-enhancing, preventive, or therapeutic effect on numerous pathologies. It allows for the improvement of human performance, contributes to well-being, and helps prevent and treat all diseases and dysfunctions of the human body and mind, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and controlled exposure to light, with the aim of improving the functioning of the physiological, neurological, endocrine, digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, gynecological, urinary, dermatological, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and all other bodily systems, as well as optimizing cognitive, mental, and emotional health, in particular but not exclusively: mood improvement (reduction of stress and anxiety, and prevention of mood disorders such as depression), regulation of the circadian rhythm (better quality sleep, faster sleep onset, easier awakening in the morning), increased concentration (better attention and productivity during the day), better stress management (reduction of the stress response,improved emotional resilience), improved eating behavior (reduced nighttime cravings, better appetite regulation, obesity prevention), reduced migraines (fewer light-related triggers, headache prevention), increased visual comfort (reduced eye strain, better adaptation to darkness, reduced glare), increased propensity for sleep (better balance between rest and alertness, insomnia prevention), reduced autism symptoms (regulation of the sleep-wake cycle that can improve certain symptoms), improved dyslexia (reduced eye strain and better concentration), reduced epileptic seizures (reduced artificial light triggers), visual comfort for albinism (prevention of retinal damage and improved visual comfort),Prevention of retinal damage from retinitis pigmentosa (protection of retinal cells by limiting exposure to artificial light), reduction of dyskinesia and all symptoms and causes of Parkinson's disease (improvement of motor symptoms through better sleep), prevention and treatment of sugar addictions (appetite regulation and reduction of cravings), reduction of caffeine addictions (better sleep reducing the need for stimulants), reduction of theine addictions (better natural energy balance), improvement of reading ability (less eye strain, better concentration), reduction of light sensitivity (less visual discomfort in bright environments), improvement of ADHD symptoms (better management of attention and impulsivity through better sleep), reduction of neuropathic pain (improved nerve recovery during sleep).prevention of age-related macular degeneration (reduction of oxidative stress linked to exposure to artificial light), prevention of retinopathies (protection of retinal cells), improvement of the immune system (better sleep, therefore better regeneration and immune defense), prevention of, Metabolic diseases (reduced risk of diabetes, heart disease, and obesity through improved hormonal balance), reduced risk of cancer (fewer disruptions to the circadian rhythm, associated with an increased risk of certain cancers), improved mental health (better regulation of neurotransmitters, reduced risk of psychiatric disorders), reduced premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (improved hormonal balance), better physical recovery (quality sleep, muscle recovery, and reduced inflammation), reduced inflammation (improved tissue regeneration during sleep), regulation of nighttime appetite (reduced cravings and overeating), improved skin quality (increased skin regeneration during sleep), prevention of premature aging (reduced oxidative stress and improved cell regeneration).Reduction of dark circles under the eyes (better sleep, reduced visible fatigue), improved hormonal balance (better hormone-regulating sleep), obesity prevention (appetite and metabolism regulation), blood sugar regulation (better blood sugar management during sleep), prevention of type 2 diabetes (improved insulin sensitivity through regular sleep), reduction of mood disorders (better emotional management through quality sleep), improved memory (memory consolidation during sleep), better mood regulation (fewer emotional fluctuations), reduced irritability (better stress and emotion management), improved cognitive concentration (better attention and mental clarity), reduction of chronic fatigue (restorative sleep and reduced daytime fatigue).Increased daytime energy (better sleep leading to more energy during the day), prevention of hypertension (better cardiovascular balance), reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (reduced stress and improved heart health), improved mental clarity (better management of cognitive tasks), better emotional management (reduced emotional peaks), improved blood circulation (sleep aiding vascular regeneration), reduced risk of depression (better regulation of sleep and mood), reduction of Parkinson's disease symptoms (improved motor skills and coordination through restorative sleep), prevention and slowing of the progression of Alzheimer's disease (reduced accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain through better sleep), prevention of metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (weight regulation,reduction of cholesterol levels, improvement of insulin sensitivity), improved digestion (reduction of gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and constipation), reduction of, symptoms of neurological diseases (better management of disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and neuropathies), improved gynecological health (regulation of menstrual cycles, reduction of menstrual pain, improved fertility), prevention of urinary system diseases (reduction of urinary tract infections, improved kidney function), improvement of dermatological diseases (reduction of acne, eczema, psoriasis, and other skin conditions through restorative sleep), prevention of cardiovascular diseases (reduction of the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure), improved respiratory health (reduction of asthma symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and improved lung function), improved bone and joint health (reduction of arthritic pain, better bone regeneration),Improved immune function (reduced infections, prevention of autoimmune diseases), improved endocrine health (better hormonal regulation, prevention of thyroid imbalances), improved musculoskeletal health (better muscle recovery, reduction of chronic pain), improved oral health (reduced inflammation, better prevention of cavities), improved reproductive health (prevention of sexual dysfunctions, improved fertility).

[0143] The present invention relates to a broader field than ophthalmic optics. The invention relates to all devices that block artificial light, particularly in a preferred embodiment, provided that said device is used under the environmental and temporal conditions described in this application (i.e., preferably, but not exclusively, after sunset or before sunrise in an artificially lit world), for the benefits to the human body and mind that this may provide (not exhaustively mentioned in the description).

[0144] The present invention also relates to the future use of lenses incorporating an intelligent filter or a time activation, automatic or not, adjusting the filtering of light according to the time of day, in particular by the use of light sensors or chronobiological technologies, even if these functionalities are not explicitly described in this application.

[0145] It also relates to a process which consists of blocking light during the physiological nighttime periods of human beings (after or from sunset, before or until sunrise) for any preventive, therapeutic, performance or well-being effect that this provides for human beings, in particular but not exclusively the effects described in the description. The preferred means is a spectacle lens with or without correction, but is not limited to This one: it can be any other technology present between an artificial light source and the human eye.

[0146] This solution has an industrial application: it is producible, effective, with a natural mechanism of action and without other obvious risks than those of wearing glasses and the possible consequences of an increased propensity for sleep; it is comfortable, lightweight, and easily deliverable.

[0147] Examples of usage scenarios for the pair during nocturnal physiological periods of wakefulness

[0148] Scenario 1: Sunset on a beach isolated from the modern world.

[0149] Context: a subject is sitting on the sand at sunset on a secluded beach in the A modern world, without phones, streetlights, cars, or restaurants. This beach is wild. The subject does not need to use the solution throughout the evening, as long as they do not encounter any source of artificial light. The solution is preferably a pair of spectacles, with or without corrective lenses, worn in both eyes of a frame. It can also be any other solution that blocks artificial light.

[0150] Scenario 2: Sunset on a beach in Cannes, France.

[0151] Context: a subject is sitting on the sand, at sunset, on a beach at Cannes, with his phone. Behind him are streetlights, cars with modern 21st-century headlights, restaurants, and buses. At sunset itself, the subject does not carry the solution. Immediately after the sun dips below the horizon and disappears, the subject still does not carry the solution, as the sky is still clear. However, as soon as the car headlights, streetlights, and restaurant lights become intensely illuminated, and the sky gradually darkens, the user instinctively chooses the right moment to carry the solution. Typically, though not the only way the solution is used, this can occur between five minutes and one hour after sunset.If, 4 minutes after sunset, or 3 minutes after sunset, or 2 minutes after sunset, or 1 minute after the sun has crossed the horizon (whether visible to the user or not), the user is illuminated by a car's headlights while walking along the shoreline (for example, on a beach or bike path), they could quite rightly choose to wear the described invention at that time. In all cases, the device is to be worn during the user's nocturnal waking hours, regardless of the exact time of wearing, which depends entirely on the user's latitude, season, and natural versus artificial lighting environment.

[0152] Scenario 3: Evening with friends.

[0153] Context: A subject is invited to a party with friends. At the beginning of the evening, it is still daylight, and the subject therefore chooses not to wear the solution yet. But, once the sun has set, and darkness takes over, the kit of the invention will allow a user to change the optical device at the appropriate time, that is to say, at sunset.

[0154] Scenario 4: Night driving

[0155] Context: On the road between Cannes and Paris, the sun has set for over an hour, it is dark, car headlights illuminate the road and dazzle a subject. In a mode specifically adapted to potentially dangerous situations, a lens blocking less light than the embodiments presented so far can be designed, with less light-blocking dye, less destructive interference, or less reflection, or simply less blocking by other means, and thus, while offering less protection against artificial light, being compatible with potentially dangerous situations such as night driving (before sunrise, or after sunset).

[0156] Scenario 5: in a bathroom, at night

[0157] Context: In his bathroom in Paris, the subject, at 11 p.m., wears the A solution for protection against artificial light, particularly bathroom lighting. The user does not wear the device when showering. Upon exiting the shower, they put it back on and continue wearing it until they wish to fall asleep, usually in bed.

[0158] Scenario 6: in a bedroom, at night

[0159] Context: In his bedroom, at 11:30 p.m., and therefore at night, having just left the bathroom, the subject wears the solution while undressing, reading a book or using his phone with a light illuminating him. He is protected, and the comfort, not only visual, provided by the invention is felt instantly. However, when it's time to sleep, he places his solution on his bedside table, preferably with a protective case.

[0160] By wearing the invention in the evening before going to bed, ideally just after sunset, the user falls asleep quickly, sleeps deeply, repairs his cells (especially his mitochondria) and a controlled secretion of melatonin, and wakes up regenerated and ready to be active the next day.

[0161] The solution may be an optical device other than an ophthalmic lens. For example, it may be a lens implanted after cataract surgery, or a filter on or arranged within a screen. It may be equipped with an artificial light detection function, to which it responds by activating when artificial light is detected after sunset.

[0162] Scenario 7: Waking up at 4 a.m. in September in a large city

[0163] Background: The morning before sunrise is a period of physiological darkness for humans. The artificial light of the big city and the subject's home, at this time in particular, goes against their physiology and health. Thus, before sunrise, the subject wears the invention, for all the benefits it provides. Although cortisol secretion has begun, although the subject is awake, the invention will protect their eyes, brain, and all the physicochemical processes that depend on them, as well as their circadian rhythm, insofar as they will be more focused after sunrise and sleep better after sunset because they will not have disrupted their biological clock by being overexposed to artificial light before sunrise.

[0164] Scenario 8: Write a PowerPoint presentation at 10 p.m., after sunset.

[0165] Context: The subject was unable to prepare their presentation beforehand. They absolutely had to finish it before presenting it the next day. After their evening meal, even though it was already dark, they chose to turn on their computer, place the described solution in front of them, and work. The invention allowed them to work in the evening peacefully, without any perceived or actual irritation from the artificial light of their screen or their entire lighting environment. More focused, with less eye and head pain, and less anxiety, the subject successfully prepared their presentation in less time than expected and delivered it successfully after a restful night's sleep. This was thanks to the darkness they needed and the protection from new, potentially harmful light that would have activated many of their physiological processes at an inopportune time and thus disrupted them. List of figures

[0166] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying figures, which illustrate:

[0167] [Fig. 1] Spectrum of light in space transmitted by the sun as a function of wavelength;

[0168] [Fig.2] Diagram of the biological processes enabled by eye and eye exposure skin to light transmitted by the sun;

[0169] [Fig.3] Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: LEDs for lighting;

[0170] [Fig.4] Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: LEDs for information (screens);

[0171] [Fig.5] Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: fluorescent lamps (neon, CFL);

[0172] [Fig.6] Light transmittance spectrum through one of the embodiments of the pair during nocturnal physiological periods;

[0173] [Fig.7] Wavelengths blocked by prior art patent documents describing other ophthalmic lenses blocking light, especially blue light and ultraviolet light, with two errors in our opinion;

[0174] [Fig.8] The current state of knowledge concerning the synaptic connections of ipRGCs;

[0175] [Fig.9] Schematic of the daytime optical device showing the composition of the anti-reflective coating layers and the materials used for optimal light transmission;

[0176] [Fig. 10] Comparative graph between the light transmission of a standard glass and that of the daytime optical device according to the invention under different lighting conditions. Detailed description of the figures

[0177] [Fig.1]

[0178] Figure represents the light emitted by the sun on Earth.

[0179] Sunlight has accompanied life on Earth for 4.5 billion years. Humans, who likely appeared 2 million years ago, evolved in synergy with the sun, respecting the near-total darkness after sunset and before sunrise. The spectrum of light emitted by the sun is continuous, qualitative due to the energy of its photons, harmonious – photons of different wavelengths complement each other, producing varied effects on human physiology – and variable throughout the day – the angle of incidence of the light changes progressively in a predictable way, interpreted by the human body. It emits heat through incandescence – red and infrared light – and is respectful of human physiology if humans can adapt to it, as has remained the case for more “primitive,” remote populations who suffer neither from sunburn nor skin cancer.

[0180] Irradiance, in watts per square meter per nanometer, i.e. in W / m2 / nm, indicates the amount of light energy received by a surface of one square meter for each nanometer of wavelength.

[0181] [Fig.2]

[0182] Figure representing the light emitted by the sun, omitting the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, beginning with ultraviolet and ending with infrared, as well as its benefits to humans related to exposure to natural light. This light, partly invisible, is received and interpreted by humans through two synergistic systems: the eyes and the integumentary system—skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails—and primarily by non-visual photopigments—melanopsin, encephalopsin, and others—and visual photopigments—rhodopsin, iodopsin. Numerous cells are specialized in interpreting the signal and light energy to trigger deeper physiological processes. enabling life, for example thanks to ipRGCs - intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes, hair follicles... Without light - because of a lifestyle spent indoors, hidden by walls and windows - or with an incomplete light spectrum - for example, without ultraviolet because of blue light blocking glasses worn during the day, because of sunscreen, because of windows, or without infrared because of windows again - the human being not only malfunctions - cause or correlation with all of today's chronic diseases - but also becomes unaccustomed to managing the energy given by the full light spectrum and thus reduces its capacities and increases its risk of suffering from the potentially harmful effects, in this specific case, of sunlight - sunburn, burns, skin cancers, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration...-.This figure emphasizes the vital importance of exposing the skin and eyes to light, with which human beings have always evolved but from which they have become partially disconnected over the last three decades.

[0183] Ultraviolet light, as well as blue light from natural sources – the sun – are vital for these compounds, their precursors or their substrate products:

[0184] - POMC: pro-opiomelanocortin, a precursor protein which, when cleaved, produces several important peptides involved in various biological functions; see below.

[0185] - MSH: yMSH for pigmentation, appetite control, regulation immune system, stress response, a-MSH for similar functions

[0186] - ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone. It promotes the release of Glucocorticoids, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, hepatic protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions, promotes the sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines important for blood pressure, participates in hydro-electrolytic regulation, particularly sodium-potassium, in concert with mineralocorticoids, promotes skin pigmentation

[0187] - BL: [3-Lipotropin. It promotes the regulation of appetite and lipid metabolism.]

[0188] - BE: [3-Endorphin. It participates in the endogenous management of analgesic pain endogenous, mood regulation, stress response control, behavior control

[0189] - TY: Tyrosine. Tyrosine is present in the eyes, particularly in the retina and the lens, absorbs ultraviolet, and can thus be converted into: dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, melanin which is present in the retinal pigment epithelium and the iris, thyroid hormones, tyramine which plays a role in blood pressure.

[0190] - TR: Tryptophan. Tryptophan present in the eyes is a precursor of the serotonin and melatonin, both of which are important for retinal health. It is particularly present in the lens, and a dysregulation of the latter is associated with the development of cataracts.

[0191] - PH: Phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is present in the eyes, and is a precursor of dopamine, noradrenaline, melatonin, melanin and phenylethylamine responsible for the feeling of euphoria.

[0192] - HI: Histidine. Histidine is present in the eyes and is an amino acid promoting immune system health, children's growth, antioxidant defenses and fatty acid metabolism.

[0193] - LP: Peptide bonds. All peptide bonds, that is to say all the Proteins in our body absorb ultraviolet wavelengths.

[0194] - AV: Antiviral. Blue and ultraviolet light has been suggested as having properties that alter the viability of viruses.

[0195] - D3: Vitamin D3, synthesized through the interaction between cholesterol and the keratinocyte membrane and ultraviolet light.

[0196] - M: Melanin. Melanin is directly influenced by UV exposure. The UV rays stimulate melanin production in the skin, which helps protect cells from UV damage by absorbing and dissipating light energy. This protection helps prevent skin damage and the risk of skin cancer, while also helping to maintain the integrity of skin tissue. - RC: Circadian rhythm.

[0197] - GR: Red blood cells. Red blood cell health is maintained directly or indirectly through ultraviolet and blue light. For example, vitamin D, synthesized by UV radiation, promotes the production and function of red blood cells, and also supports iron metabolism, which is essential for red blood cells. Natural blue light, by reducing oxidative stress and promoting the circadian rhythm, is beneficial to red blood cells.

[0198] - C: Collagen. Collagen absorbs UV and blue light, allowing slowing down light and allowing light to be transformed into mass, according to the mass-energy equivalence equation developed by Albert Einstein in 1905.

[0199] Natural green and yellow light are also vital.

[0200] - CD: Pain control and anti-inflammatory properties. The properties Pain relief from green and red light has been suggested by the modulation of signaling pathways in peripheral nerves and the reduction of local inflammation. Red light improves the healing of damaged tissues, reduces postoperative pain, and decreases the symptoms of various inflammatory conditions.

[0201] - NV: Green light contributes to the perception of shades of green, which is important for perceiving the complexity of Nature.

[0202] - AO: Antioxidant. Green light enhances the antioxidant capacities of cells, which may have beneficial implications for protection against cellular damage and degenerative diseases. Yellow light reduces lipid peroxide levels and increases antioxidant enzyme levels in cells.

[0203] Red and infrared light contributes greatly to the health of the human body and mind.

[0204] - SM: Mitochondrial health. Red and near-infrared light has effects beneficial to mitochondrial health. Specific wavelengths, particularly in the red light spectrum between 600 and 650 nm and the near-infrared spectrum between 650 and 1000 nm, can stimulate ATP production, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce oxidative stress. These effects are important for cell regeneration, reducing muscle fatigue, and improving overall cellular energy health.

[0205] - PB: Photobiomodulation. Photobiomodulation, or PBM, uses light in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges to stimulate biological processes at the cellular level. This technique improves tissue repair, reduces inflammation, and promotes cell regeneration. By activating mitochondria, PBM enhances ATP production, which can accelerate injury healing, reduce pain, and optimize muscle performance.

[0206] - SC: Hair health. Light, particularly in the red and near-red ranges. Infrared light has been shown to have beneficial effects on hair health. Exposure to these wavelengths can stimulate blood circulation in the scalp, improve hair growth, and strengthen hair follicles. Light treatments, such as laser hair growth therapy, harness these properties to help treat hair loss and promote thicker, healthier hair.

[0207] All of this is made possible by the penetration of natural, non-pulsed, thermal light, temporally appropriate (present at the right times for humans), with an angle of incidence that varies constantly throughout the day and across the seasons at a given geographical point, into our interfaces with the sun. This is possible provided that exposure is controlled, gradual, and regular; because if these factors are not respected, the acute nature of exposure to energetic light (especially ultraviolet) on unaccustomed skin or in unaccustomed eyes is indeed correlated with the occurrence of sunburn or eye damage, premature aging, and skin or choroidal cancers.

[0208] - UV: ultraviolet

[0209] - B: blue light (and violet, by extension)

[0210] - VJ: green light and yellow light

[0211] - R: red light

[0212] - IR: infrared light.

[0213] [Fig.3]

[0214] Figure representing the emission spectrum of blue Light Emitting Diodes or blue LEDs, which were invented by Shuji Nakamura, Isamu Akasaki, and Hiroshi Amano in 1992, and which are now used worldwide in all industries, and whose emitted energy increases according to the Haitz law described in the description. They are currently used for two main purposes: lighting and information. This figure represents the light spectrum emitted by blue or white LEDs, typically the lamps used everywhere today: in bathrooms, kitchens, car headlights, restaurants, subways, and streetlights.The spectrum is thus discontinuous, lacking the sun's qualitative photons, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation to avoid wasting energy by generating heat. It has a constant angle of incidence and is often positioned directly above human head height, making humans appear awake as if it were midday, to put it simply. Most importantly, it is illuminated at a time the human body doesn't expect it, keeping them awake in a state that is sometimes lethargic, depressed, and stressed, and massively disrupting their circadian rhythm with all the harmful consequences this creates for their health. Furthermore, since the LED is a computer chip connected to alternating current, the emitted light is pulsed, which leads to adverse effects such as epilepsy, migraines, and concentration problems.The emitted light is predominantly blue in the 460-470nm range, which happens to be the peak sensitivity of ipRGCs. However, the figure also shows the presence of numerous green and yellow photons, which, given that they are artificially sourced and transmitted to the human eye at a time contrary to human nature—primarily after sunset—potentially have adverse effects on human health. Furthermore, if more than 60% of the green and yellow photons were blocked by any device, in addition to the more than 76% blocking of artificial blue light at the optimal time for human physiology, the result would be uncomfortable or even dangerous. This highlights the need to find the optimal balance between benefits and risks: effective protection while still enjoying pleasant evenings, among other things.

[0215] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0216] [Fig.4]

[0217] Screens are a type of LED. They are ubiquitous today and will continue to be so for decades to come: smartphones, tablets, computers, televisions, handheld consoles, street and roadside advertising, and various other displays. These devices, described by Dr. Jack Kruse as "alienated suns," have an emission spectrum based primarily on three colors, generally producing a white light. Just like the spectrum of LEDs used for lighting, that of screens is harmful to human health, a fact documented by all major health institutions: European, American, Chinese, and others. However, there is a lack of long-term data on the true future consequences due to the recent and widespread adoption of this new technology.

[0218] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0219] [Fig.5]

[0220] Fig. 5 shows the light emission spectrum of fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps differ from LEDs in their light emission mechanism: they consist of a bulb containing mercury vapor that fluoresces when alternating current is introduced. The electric current excites the mercury vapor, which then produces ultraviolet light. This ultraviolet light is subsequently converted into visible light by the fluorescent material. The main types of fluorescent lamps are neon tubes and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Their light spectrum is even more discontinuous; the emitted photons are sometimes more energetic or more numerous than those of LEDs. The pulse frequency of modern fluorescent lamps (with electronic, not magnetic, ballasts) is between 20,000 and 60,000 Hz, meaning that the light presented here is emitted between 20,000 and 60,000 times per second.Beyond this difference from sunlight, it is interesting to note the discontinuity of the spectrum, as well as the number of different wavelength ranges emitted. Regarding this last point, it is worth noting that blocking blue light (380-500nm) is not sufficient for fluorescent lamps: it is also necessary to block, to a sufficient extent (greater than 46% according to this requirement), green and yellow light (500-650nm). It is also necessary to transmit all red light, in a preferred embodiment, to allow the user to be protected in the evening while maintaining comfortable use.

[0221] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0222] [Fig.6]

[0223] Figure 6 shows the transmittance of one of the embodiments of the developed ophthalmic lens. It can be worn without visual correction. By wearing it after sunset and before sunrise, this particular lens allows for the natural, partial or total restoration of numerous biological processes enabled by maintaining darkness during nighttime periods: melatonin secretion, calmness, mood, eye strain, migraines, sleep efficiency, protection against oxidative stress induced by artificial light, quality of the following day, and therefore cognitive and physical performance. The developed ophthalmic lens is designed with or without visual correction. It thus blocks artificial light at the most opportune time, such as:

[0224] - in the 380-500nm range, at least 76% of the amount of light is blocked, that is- meaning that at most 24% of the light is transmitted.

[0225] - in the 500-650nm range, at least 30% of the amount of light is blocked, that is- meaning that at most 70% of the light is transmitted.

[0226] - or another combination including the features immediately mentioned above

[0227] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0228] The figure illustrates only one embodiment, and only one result obtained; the performance in terms of blocking and therefore transmittance may vary and are concerned by this request as long as they respect one or the other of the two spectral characteristics mentioned above, that is to say those indicated on the 380-500nm and 500-650nm ranges.

[0229] [Fig.7]

[0230] Figure 7 shows, in a dotted square, the effectiveness of light-blocking lenses according to the prior art, abbreviated as EAA in the figure, in comparison with the light emitted by artificial lamps. It represents the blocked wavelengths described in prior art patent documents describing other light-blocking ophthalmic lenses, in particular blue light and light ultraviolet, compared to the light actually emitted by an LED shown in vertical black rectangles on the graph. Common sense dictates that, in our opinion, the prior art makes two errors.

[0231] The first error, not addressed in the figure, is the recommendation to wear these glasses all day, depriving human physiology of an important part of what it has always evolved with: natural ultraviolet and natural blue light between 200 and 410-420 nm, and by extension 440 nm. Indeed, these wavelengths, blocked by prior art lenses, are blocked during the day. To see some vital aspects favored by the penetration of light from 250 to 440 nm into the eyes and skin of humans, see [Fig. 2]. In that figure, and in the present invention, 250 nm and 200 nm are indicated without preference for one value or the other and represent the same concept.

[0232] The second error, shown in the figure, is the failure of these lenses to block wavelengths that actually correspond to the waves emitted by all artificial lights of the twenty-first century, in particular those characterized by a quantitative peak of emission at 450 to 470 nm. Indeed, none of the current artificial light sources emit light below 440 nm, rendering prior art solutions ineffective. The emission of artificial light by LEDs and fluorescent lamps always begins after 441 nm. It is represented by vertical black rectangles.

[0233] The relative intensity of the light can be measured according to the various measurements indicated in the description, such as the spectral distribution of energy quantum in photons / s / m² / nm, i.e., in the figure in p / s / m² / nm, or pmol / s / nm, the energy in Joules, and the power in Watts. It must be measured according to international standard conditions also indicated in the description.

[0234] In terms of timing as well as accuracy or relevance of effectiveness, the invention remedies what we consider to be errors. This timing, as well as this accuracy of effectiveness, is more relevant to human health and happiness.

[0235] - UV: ultraviolet

[0236] - B: blue light (and violet, by extension)

[0237] - VJ: green light and yellow light

[0238] - R: red light

[0239] - IR: infrared light.

[0240] [Fig.8]

[0241] Figure 8 represents the current state of knowledge concerning the synaptic connections of ipRGCs, or intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The white squares surrounded Black areas represent pre-synaptic connections, black squares represent postsynaptic connections. ipRGCs are the first cells to receive and respond directly to light in the retina.

[0242] - CAD: dopaminergic amacrine cells

[0243] - CB: bipolar cells, located between the cones and rods on the one hand, and the Ganglion cells, on the other hand, transmit visual information to the ipRGCs.

[0244] - ipRGCs: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of the intrinsically photosensitive retina

[0245] - SCN: suprachiasmatic nucleus, in the hypothalamus, conductor of the rhythm circadian

[0246] - VLPO: ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, in the hypothalamus, playing the key role of the triggering of the sleep machine, as highlighted for example by the scientific community, in particular Professors José Haba-Rubio and Dr. Raphaël Heinzer, in their book I dream of sleeping.

[0247] - NPV: paraventricular nucleus, in the hypothalamus, regulating temperature and appetite.

[0248] - IGL: intergeniculate leaflet, in the thalamus, regulating the circadian rhythm also

[0249] - NP: pretectal nucleus, in the thalamus, enabling the pupillary light reflex

[0250] - A: amygdala, essential for managing emotions, such as fear and Anxiety and behavioral management. It also plays a role in the formation of emotional memories. It is connected in particular to the hippocampus, which serves as a storage site for information and memories.

[0251] - CS: superior colliculus, influencing eye movements and visual response - CV: visual cortex or occipital cortex, essential for the detailed processing of visual information. The ipRGCs are at the crossroads of primitive and complex human functions, including but not limited to vision, allowing humans to live and perform when they perceive the light they need to perceive at the time they need to.

[0252] [Fig.9]

[0253] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the multilayer structure of the corrective lens. The base material is fused silica, with a multilayer antireflective coating using materials such as magnesium fluoride to reduce reflections and maximize light transmission. This structure allows high transmission for UV, visible, and IR light.

[0254] - A: purified fused silica substrate

[0255] - B: undercoat; this layer is applied directly onto the molten silica to improve the adhesion of subsequent layers.

[0256] - C: hardened (scratch-resistant) layer

[0257] - D: anti-reflective coating (magnesium fluoride, MgF2)

[0258] - E: hydrophobic (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) or oleophobic layer.

[0259] [Fig. 10]

[0260] Figure 10 compares the transmission of light through a standard corrective lens (S) and the lens of the invention (I). The lens of the invention shows a transmission of more than 10% in the range 200 to 380nm, more than 80% in the range 380 to 780nm, more than 10% in the range 780 to 5000nm, while standard lenses block more than 90% of UV, a substantial part of infrared, and even 100% of a part of visible light if this standard lens blocks blue light between 380 and 420nm (LB) (100% blocking over 380 to 420nm, and approximately 10 to 20% blocking over 420 to 780nm).

Claims

Demands

1. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection, comprising at least two separate optical devices intended to be worn by an individual for different periods of a day to correct their vision, a first optical device comprising at least one first lens having a first optical correction characteristic enabling a first optical correction, said first lens having a transmittance of at least 70% of the light over the entire visible spectrum considered between 380 nm and 780 nm and a second optical device comprising at least one second lens having the same first optical characteristic enabling the same first optical correction, said second lens comprising a filtering means to block at least 76% of the light in the 380-500 nm range and at least 30% in the 500-650 nm range.

2. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to claim 1 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a substrate having received an absorption treatment by specific dyes forming at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm.

3. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises an organic polymer substrate, characterized by at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm and at least 30% in the range of 500-650 nm,

4. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a substrate of mineral material characterized by at least one means blocking at least 76% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm.

5. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a substrate having received an absorption treatment by specific dyes forming at least a means blocking at least 90% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm and at least 41% in the range of 500-650 nm.

6. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a substrate having received an absorption treatment by specific dyes forming at least one means blocking at least 2% of the light in the 650-800nm ​​range.

7. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a substrate having received an absorption treatment by specific dyes forming at least a means blocking at least 97% of the light in the range of 380-500 nm and at least 45% in the range of 500-650 nm.

8. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises a multilayer filter with layers of dielectric materials for destructive interference in a specific range of wavelengths, ensuring a targeted and homogeneous reduction of blue, green, yellow, or orange light from artificial sources, sources of hormonal and neurological disturbances during the physiological nighttime periods of human beings.

9. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises an absorption treatment by specific dyes integrated into the substrate to selectively block wavelengths of blue, green, yellow, or orange light from artificial sources, or an interference filter configured to block a first quantity of light in the blue band, a second in the green band, a third in the yellow band, and a fourth in the orange band.

10. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that at least one lens of the second optical device comprises at least one advanced anti-reflective and anti-fog surface treatment, increasing resistance to stains, dirt, and other wear factors for prolonged performance, and modifying the transmittance of the lens.

11. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one glass component of the first optical device comprises a substrate having received absorption treatment with specific dyes to ensure a transmittance greater than 10% in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 380 nm, 80% in the visible range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and 10% in the infrared range from 780 nm to 5000 nm

12. 11111. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that at least one lens of the first optical device comprises a material composed of fused silica or quartz.

13. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to claim 12 characterized in that the material composed of fused silica is obtained by melting in the presence of chlorine, molding, annealing.

14. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 13 characterized in that at least one lens of the first optical device has a multilayer anti-reflective coating, deposited under vacuum, using materials such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2).

15. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 14 characterized in that at least one lens of the first optical device comprises at least one optical treatment such as a hydrophobic, oleophobic, anti-fog coating, and / or an optical coating promoting the transmission of natural UV and infrared.

16. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to any one of claims 1 to 15 characterized in that it comprises a case or housing having two compartments for receiving the two optical devices, a first compartment having a first marking for use for a period less than the duration of a day and ending at sunset and a second compartment having a second marking for use for a period less than the duration of a day and beginning after sunset.

17. Optical kit for visual and physiological protection according to claim 16 characterized in that the housing comprises a plurality of markers defining sunset times according to periods of the year.

18. Eyeglass kit, comprising at least three pairs of glasses, characterized in that: • a first pair of glasses is adapted for daytime wear with specific visual correction according to the first device of any one of claims 1 or 11 to 12 or 14 to 15; • a second pair of glasses is adapted for nighttime wear under average artificial lighting conditions, in particular in a controlled lighting environment with dimmed lights according to the second device of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 10;• a third pair, or additional pairs, is suitable for nighttime wear in conditions of intense artificial lighting, with light blocking rates higher than those of the second pair, in particular for use when working in front of an artificial light source such as a screen, or in the case of night travel in brightly lit environments such as public transport according to the second device of claim 5 or 3 to 10 sockets in combination with claim 5.;

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