Improvements in or relating to insect trapping apparatus

Abstract

A trap 1 for catching insects, such as Asian hornets, with a receptacle for receiving an insect attractant. The bait may be liquid and the receptacle may hold a volume of water. There is a closure 3 which may be releasably fastened 12 to the receptacle. The closure has a recessive surface, such as a cone or funnel, which extends into the receptacle, and an aperture 9 for allowing an insect into the receptacle. There are a plurality of fins, walls or partitions 30 on the receptacle, to guide the insect to the aperture. The fins may be upstanding, radially disposed on the funnel, or trapezoidal in shape. There may be bait odour vents on the recessive surface. There may be bycatch holes 10 to release smaller non-target insects. The trap may have feet 11 or an oversized closure so it can be rested horizontally on its side. The aperture may lead to an L shaped hollow elbow internal the receptacle, for reducing escape of the insects. The elbow may be perforated to allow odour through. A method of using the trap near beehives is disclosed. The trap may be immersed in water to exterminate trapped insects.

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus for capturing hornets, especially Asian hornets. The present invention also relates to a method for pest control of predatory winged insects, especially hornets. Although European hornets are a part of our wider ecological environment in Britain, Asian hornets are not, and it is widely known that such hornets predate on bees and / or other beneficial pollinators. Hornets, in general, can cause untold damage to a beehive and the population of bees, making such insects a pest. In addition, there is an increased risk of harm to the general public if a nest of Asian hornets is disturbed, even if accidentally. Prior art trap designs lack a safe and convenient mechanism for exterminating a target species once captured. Some traps use a liquid bait, but its shallow depth often fails to drown captured insects as a primary action. An exhausted insect might fall into small amounts of liquid bait, but it often remains alive until a separate extermination action is applied. Although there are many suggestions in the art, a common suggestion is to remove the entire trap by transporting it to a second location and freezing it so as to exterminate the target species. This method is; however, unsatisfactory. Firstly, a freezer is practically never available or located near to where capture occurs and, secondly, it would be unhygienic to put the trap in a domestic freezer, even if it will fit (which is uncertain). Various prior art traps have a box-like structure, having apertures, entrances and / or vents located on various surfaces. Although these traps provide various entry points, they lack effective means for easily and safely exterminating the target insect species, as their design negates the addition of a drowning liquid owing to vents / apertures in a bottom of the trap letting out the liquid. So, for many traps of this type, freezing becomes the only obvious means of extermination. There is, therefore, a need for an insect trapping apparatus which is simple, convenient and safe to use, and efficiently exterminates target insect species. Although the target insect is, predominantly, hornets, those skilled in the art will understand the invention is not limited to trapping and exterminating hornets, and, would be suitable for capturing other predatory winged insects / pests. According to a first aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects, the apparatus comprises: a receptacle, for receiving an insect attractant or bait and a plurality of predatory winged insects; and a closure, releasably and securely fastenable to the receptacle, to provide an internal volume therewithin; wherein, the closure comprises: a recessive surface extending into the receptacle, the recessive surface comprises an insect aperture, for allowing a predatory winged insect to gain access to the internal volume; one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions, extending at least partly along and / or around the recessive surface towards the insect aperture, so as to guide said predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the recessive surface is tapered. Preferably, the one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise: radially disposed fins, walls and / or partitions; upstanding fins, walls and / or partitions; recessed fins, walls and / or partitions; and / or combinations thereof. Preferably, the plurality of fins, walls and / or partitions converge and / or extend towards the insect aperture, so as to guide predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more, or plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise: a pair of elongate edge regions being substantially parallel to each other; one or more (substantially) continuous surfaces, extending from the recessive surface; one or more trapezium or trapezoidal surfaces, extending from the recessive surface; and / or upstanding fins, walls and / or partitions dimensioned to provide a relative depth or height of upstand along which, rather than over, said predatory insect will travel. Preferably, the one or more, or plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions are trapezium prism(s) or trapezoidal prism(s). Preferably, the insect aperture is a one-way insect aperture, dimensioned and / or shaped to allow a predatory winged insect and other insect(s) to gain access to the internal volume whilst preventing predatory winged insects from escaping through the same aperture. Preferably, the insect aperture is configured to allow an attractant or bait odour to escape the internal volume. Preferably, the apparatus and / or closure comprises one or more attractant or bait odour vents, being differently sized and / or shaped to the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour vents are smaller than the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour vents are dispersed around the recessive surface, preferably in a pattern providing one or more trails of odour towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour vents are more densely populated in the environs of the insect aperture to provide greater I more attractant odour escape in its vicinity. Preferably, the recessive surface is cone- or funnel- shaped, extending into the receptacle. Most preferably, the cone- or funnel- shaped surface comprises the insect aperture at an approx, apex or apex region thereof. Preferably, the cone- or funnel- shaped surface has a circular, triangular, square, quadrilateral, pentagonal, or hexagonal cross-section about its axis. In an alternative, the cross-sectional shape may take a different form, such as being octagonal, whilst still providing the effect of funnelling a predatory insect towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the recessive surface is cone- or funnel- shaped, extending into the receptacle, the cone- or funnel- shaped surface comprising the insect aperture at an approx, apex or apex region thereof. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour vents is / are spatially arranged around and / or along the cone- or funnel-shaped surface and converge towards a / the apex or apex region, where the insect aperture is located. Preferably, the insect aperture is dimensioned and / or shaped to allow a hornet to gain access to the internal volume. Preferably, the apparatus and / or closure comprises one or more bycatch apertures, dimensioned and / or shaped to be smaller than the insect aperture, so as to allow a bycatch insect to escape the internal volume whilst preventing a larger target insect from escaping. Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures is / are dimensioned and / or shaped to allow escape of non-predatory winged insects and / or non-target predatory winged insects. Preferably, the receptacle: is configured to hold a volume of liquid to a brim of the receptacle; and / or comprises a continuous surface having no apertures preventing its ability to hold water therein. Preferably, the receptacle comprises a planar surface upon which the receptacle may be rested. Preferably, the apparatus comprises: one or more feet; one or more protrusions; and / or an oversized closure, being of greater largest dimension than the receptacle, wherein the apparatus is configured for raising an open end of the receptacle when in a horizontal condition, so as to ensure said attractant or bait remains towards the opposite end of the receptacle. Preferably, the apparatus comprises an attractant or bait. Preferably, the apparatus is a hornet trap. Preferably, the insect aperture comprises, on an internal aspect thereof, a hollow elbow, for reducing escape of insects from the internal volume directly through the insect aperture. Preferably, the elbow is an ‘L’ shaped, hollow member comprising an elongate passage along which insects must pass so as to gain access to the internal volume, and which distance an internal end of the passage remotely from internal surfaces of the receptacle and / or closure. Preferably, the elbow is at least partially perforated, to improve venting of attractant or bait odour through the insect aperture. According to a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects, the apparatus comprises: a receptacle, for receiving an insect attractant or bait, configured for indefinitely holding a volume of liquid; and a closure, releasably and securely fastenable to the receptacle, to provide an internal volume therewithin; wherein, the closure comprises a one-way insect aperture, configured to allow a predatory winged insect to gain access to the internal volume whilst preventing its escape through the same aperture. Preferably, the one-way insect aperture is configured to allow an attractant or bait odour to escape the internal volume. Preferably, the apparatus comprises a plurality of one-way insect apertures. Preferably, the closure comprises an insect entrance, being an aperture configured to allow an attractant or bait odour to escape the apparatus and allow a predatory winged insect to gain access to the internal volume whilst preventing its escape. Preferably, the closure is releasably and securely fastenable to the receptacle, to provide an at least partially enclosed volume therewithin. Preferably, the closure is releasably and securely fastenable to the receptacle, to provide a substantially enclosed volume therewithin. Preferably, the apparatus and / or closure comprises one or more attractant or bait odour apertures. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour apertures are configured and arranged to provide greater / more attractant odour escape in a vicinity of the one-way insect aperture. Preferably, the closure comprises a recessive surface, extending from a planar surface of the closure into the receptacle, so as to locate the one-way insect aperture within a body of the receptacle. Preferably, the recessive surface further comprises the one or more attractant odour vents. Preferably, the recessive surface is a cone or funnel extending into the receptacle, the cone or funnel comprising the one-way insect aperture at an approx, apex thereof. Preferably, the one or more attractant or bait odour apertures is / are spatially arranged around and / or along a curved surface of a / the cone or funnel and converge towards a / the apex, where the one-way insect aperture is located. Alternatively and preferably, the recessive surface may have a rectangular, triangular, square, circular or ovaloid cross-section. Preferably, the one-way insect aperture is configured to allow a hornet, in particular an Asian hornet, to gain access to the internal volume. Preferably, the one-way insect aperture is rectangular, triangular, square, circular, or ovaloid. Preferably, the one-way insect aperture has an approximate diameter, or largest dimension, being in the range of 6 to 10mm, preferably 7 to 9mm. Preferably, the closure comprises one or more bycatch apertures, configured to allow a bycatch insect to escape the internal volume. Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures and the one-way insect aperture(s) are differently configured, being differently sized and / or shaped, so as to differentiate between target species and non-target species. Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures is / are configured to allow escape of non-predatory winged insects and / or non-target predatory winged insects. Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures is / are sized to allow a bee or hoverfly to escape the internal volume. Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures are smaller, or have smaller diameters or largest dimensions, than the one-way insect aperture(s). Preferably, the one or more bycatch apertures are differently sized and / or shaped, so as to allow escape of different non-target species. Preferably, the receptacle: is configured to indefinitely hold a volume of liquid to a brim of the receptacle; and / or comprises a continuous surface having no apertures therein. Preferably, the receptacle comprises a planar surface upon which the receptacle may be rested. Most preferably, the planar surface is geometrically opposed to a rim of the receptacle, where the closure is locatable. Preferably, the receptacle is an open-ended cylindrical, cuboidal, pyramidal shell body, or any other three-dimensional shell shape providing a free volume of air therewithin. Most preferably, the receptacle is a pot or bucket-like container, having a lip or rim for receipt of the closure. Preferably, the receptacle comprises a handle. Preferably, the apparatus comprises: one or more feet; one or more protrusions; and / or an oversized closure, configured for raising an open end of the receptacle when in a horizontal condition, so as to ensure said attractant or bait remains towards the opposite end of the receptacle. Preferably, the closure comprises one or more feet or protrusions for raising an open end of the receptacle when in a horizontal condition. Preferably, the apparatus comprises means for suspending the apparatus in an elevated condition. Preferably, the apparatus may be suspended from a branch of a tree, or secured to a trunk or upright member, using a tether, a strap, or the like. Preferably, the apparatus comprises means for suspending the apparatus in a horizontal configuration in an elevated condition, where said attractant or bait is protected from the environment by at least a surface of the receptacle. Preferably, the apparatus comprises one or more clips, for releasably and securely fastening the closure to the receptacle, or for improving security. Preferably, the receptacle and closure comprise co-operating portions which releasably and securely fasten the receptacle to the closure using a snap-fit or screw-thread configuration, which may or may not include additional security clips. Preferably, the apparatus comprises an attractant or bait. Preferably, the attractant or bait is specifically directed to a / the target insect species. Preferably, the attractant or bait is a liquid, solid or gel, and can be contained in a separate container, sachet, packet, tin, etc. for locating in the receptacle after removal of the closure. Alternatively, the attractant or bait may be poured directly into the receptacle without removal of the closure. Preferably, the apparatus is an insect trap. Most preferably, the apparatus is a hornet trap and / or Asian hornet trap. According to a third aspect, the invention provides a method for pest control of predatory winged insects, the method comprising: a) locating an apparatus according to any one or more features of the first aspect, or the second aspect, in the vicinity of: a beehive; a nest of predatory winged insects; and / or other intended capture region, b) locating an attractant or bait within the internal volume of the apparatus; c) leaving the apparatus for a first pre-determined time period so as to capture predatory winged insects in the internal volume; and d) immersing the apparatus in water or filling the apparatus with water for a second pre-determined time period so as to exterminate the predatory winged insects. Preferably, the method further comprising one or more of the following: e) separating the closure from the receptacle to release the expired predatory winged insects, and emptying water from the apparatus, OR emptying water from the apparatus, and separating the closure from the receptacle to release the expired predatory winged insects; f) locating further attractant or bait within the internal volume and recombining the closure and receptacle; OR recombining the closure and receptacle and locating further bait attractant within the internal volume; and / or g) repeating method steps b) to d) or repeating methods steps b) to f). Preferably, method steps a) and b) may be undertaken in either order. Preferably, the steps of method step e) or f) separated by ‘OR’, may be undertaken in either order. Preferably locating an attractant or bait by separating the closure and receptacle. Preferably, locating the apparatus in a horizontal configuration for capture, to shield the enclosed volume, one-way insect entrance, and / or attractant or bait from environmental conditions. Most preferably, locating the apparatus on a side aspect. Preferably, locating the apparatus in a vertical configuration for extermination, before filling with water. Most preferably, locating the apparatus on its base. Preferably, suspending the apparatus in an elevated condition, preferably in a horizontal configuration, for capture. Preferably, wherein the method comprises a method for pest control of hornets, in particular Asian hornets. According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a closure for an apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects, the closure being releasably and securely fastenable to a receptacle to provide an internal volume therewithin for receiving an insect attractant or bait, and one or more predatory winged insects, wherein, the closure comprises: a recessive surface, the recessive surface comprises an insect aperture, for allowing a predatory winged insect to pass through the closure; one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions, extending at least partly along and / or around the recessive surface towards the insect aperture, so as to guide said predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise: radially disposed fins, walls and / or partitions; upstanding fins, walls and / or partitions; recessed fins, walls and / or partitions; and / or combinations thereof. Preferably, the plurality of fins, walls and / or partitions converge and / or extend towards the insect aperture, so as to guide predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture. Preferably, the one or more, or plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise: a pair of elongate edge regions being substantially parallel to each other; one or more (substantially) continuous surfaces, extending from the recessive surface; and / or upstanding fins, walls and / or partitions dimensioned to provide a relative depth or height of upstand along which, rather than over, said predatory insect will travel. Preferably, the recessive surface tapers inwardly. Preferably, the closure comprises any one or more closure features disclosed in relation to the first or second aspects. Advantageously, the present invention addresses the potential dangers posed by aggressive and stinging insects, such as hornets. The invention proposes an approach which minimises the risk of an operator encountering live, hostile insects and effectively neutralises the threat they pose. Advantageously, the present invention utilises the general concept of exterminating target insect species through drowning in water. This method is simple, convenient and safe, eliminating the need to remove the trap from the site of capture, and avoids potential encounters with live insects in dangerous situations. The trap can remain on-site, allowing for quick redeployment to resume trapping functions efficiently. Advantageously, the present invention specifically targets predatory species, such as hornets and wasps. Owing to its emphasis on operator safety, reduced risk of stings, and elimination of live threats during maintenance, the present invention is a practical and secure choice for insect management. The invention provides a systematic deployment process, accommodating various operational scenarios, and ensures efficiency and a user-friendly / operator-friendly application. Through its drowning mechanism, the invention is immediately effective and suitable for domestic and non-domestic environments. Through incorporating bycatch escape openings for non-target species, the invention embraces an eco-friendly approach to insect management, aligning it with sustainability goals and, thereby, preventing extermination of beneficial pollinators whilst exterminating target pest species. The versatility of attachment options, ranging from snap-fit to screw thread, and / or security clips, enhances usability and adaptability. In a preferred embodiment, the present apparatus is designed to allow bycatch insects to escape, owing to the use of apertures of smaller size than the insect entrance(s). This helps minimise harm to those non-target species by incorporating escape openings specifically designed for their safe exit. As such, the present invention ensures only the intended predatory insects (target insect species) are captured, for example hornets. The following provides a list of perceived advantages of the described apparatus and the drowning mechanism more generally. Reduced risk of stings - hornets, especially when captured and agitated, can become highly aggressive. Drowning them in water eliminates the risk of the operator, or other individuals, encountering live hornets and getting stung during trap maintenance or disposal of insects. Operator safety - the process of filling the trap with water is conducted with the trap intact (i.e. the closure remains affixed to the receptacle), reducing the likelihood of direct contact with live hornets. This minimises the danger posed by their stings, which can be painful and, in some cases, cause severe allergic reactions. Elimination of live threat - the drowning mechanism ensures hornets are exterminated efficiently and quickly. This prevents the trapped hornets from being alive during disposal, reducing the chance of unexpected attacks and creating a safer environment for the operator and any bystanders. Convenience and efficiency - drowning hornets in the trap is a straightforward and convenient method. It avoids the need for elaborate procedures such as removing the entire trap for freezing, which can be impractical and dangerous, especially in domestic environments. Immediate effectiveness - unlike some other extermination methods that may require additional time or steps, drowning is an immediate and reliable means of eliminating hornets, providing efficient control over the target insect species. Domestic safety - the drowning method is especially advantageous in domestic environments where traditional methods, such as removing traps for freezing, may pose practical or safety challenges. The drowning method is particularly practical, safe, efficient, and user-friendly in a domestic environment, but also in a non-domestic environment. Accordingly, the invention is an appealing and reliable solution for managing predatory winged insects in residential settings. In the claims the term ‘internal volume’ has been used to define an internal region of the closure and receptacle where a target insect is detained or from which it cannot escape, once it has gained access through the one-way insect aperture. The function of the internal volume remains the same no matter how many apertures are provided in the closure, and no matter whether these are one-way insect apertures and / or bycatch apertures. The apparatus is a trap and, once inside, the target insect species is substantially detained. The internal volume is not entirely enclosed on all sides, although the receptacle is, preferably, without any apertures except for on one face / surface, so as to allow it to be filled with water indefinitely. Accordingly, the internal volume could be described as ‘at least partially enclosed’ or ‘substantially enclosed’, since it only requires a single one-way insect aperture for it to function. As used herein, the term ‘bycatch’ refers to any inadvertently trapped insects that are not the target insect species. As such, bycatch typically includes beneficial insects and pollinators, such as hoverflies or honeybees. The invention will now be disclosed, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of insect trap apparatus, shown in a horizontal condition for capturing insects; Figure 2 is a plan view of the insect trap apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side elevation of the insect trap apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a further perspective view of the insect trap apparatus of Figure 1, shown in a vertical condition for exterminating insects; Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of closure, being for use with the receptacle of the first embodiment making a second embodiment of insect trap apparatus; Figure 6 is a plan view of the closure of Figure 5, showing its exterior aspect; and Figure 7 is a side elevation of the closure of Figure 5, showing its interior aspect. Figures 1 to 4 show a first embodiment of insect trap apparatus, identified generally by reference 1. The apparatus 1 includes a receptacle 2 and closure 3. The receptacle 2 is a cylindrical shell having one open end, and includes a base 4 and rim 5, being geometrically opposed to the base 4 at the opposed end of the receptacle 2. The rim 5 further includes a lip portion 5a extending circumferentially around the rim 5 for co-operation with a correspondingly shaped portion on the closure 3, to create a snap-fit connection. Optionally, the receptacle may include an aperture 6 for a handle (not shown) or for means for suspending the apparatus (not shown) in an elevated condition. The closure 3 is disc-like, having a skirt 3a for co-operating with the lip portion 5a of the receptacle 2. The closure 3 includes a central cone 7 (or funnel), which extends internally with respect to the receptacle 2. The cone 7 includes a circular insect entrance 9 (one-way insect aperture 9) at an approx, apex 7a of the cone 7 and further includes a plurality of attractant or bait vents 8 (attractant or bait apertures 8), arranged along curved surfaces 7b of the cone 7, from its edge 7c to its apex 7a. The vents 8 are radially spaced around the curved surface 7b, and also longitudinally spaced along that curved surface. Figures 1 to 4 show vents 8 arranged radially at 45 degree intervals, with two vents 8 longitudinally spaced along the surface from edge 7c to the apex 7a. Those skilled in the art will understand that this arrangement is not essential, and other arrangements and configurations may be chosen. More generally, the vents 8 are specifically arranged and configured to converge towards the apex 7a so as to increase an amount or concentration of emitted odour the closer an insect moves towards the entrance 9. The closure 3 further includes a bycatch exit 10 (bycatch aperture 10), which is provided so as to allow non-target species to escape the apparatus 1. Although only one bycatch aperture 10 is shown, a plurality may be provided spatially arranged about the disclike closure 3. A pair of feet 11 are provided for additionally supporting the apparatus 1 when in a horizontal condition, such that it can rest more easily on a level surface. The feet 11 are described in relation to the present apparatus 1 because the receptacle and closure both have curved edges; however, if the receptacle and / or closure have more planar surfaces, feet may not be required. The closure further includes three clips 12, for either securing the closure 3 to the receptacle 2 or for providing additional security to prevent the closure 3 from being inadvertently separated from the receptacle 2. Each of the clips 12 extends from under a collar 13 of the rim 5 to over an edge 14 of the closure 2, and is releasable. With particular reference to Figure 3, which shows the apparatus 1 in a horizontal condition intended for trapping insects, internal surfaces of the receptacle and closure (not shown) provide an internal volume 20, into which an attractant or bait 21 is locatable, and in which insects (not shown) are to be trapped. The apparatus 1 rests upon its feet 11 at one end, and an edge 15 of the base 4 at the other end, the effect of which is to raise the rim 5 above the level of the edge 15 and, thereby, ensure the attractant or bait 21 remains in the receptacle 2, in use. In this condition, the attractant or bait 21 is also protected from the environment. The apparatus 1 is designed to channel the odour of the attractant or bait 21 through the vents 8 of the closure 3, which are located on the cone 7. The vents 8 are strategically placed, although may be rectangular or circular. The configuration and arrangement of vents ensures the gradual release of increasing concentrations of odour, creating an enticing environment to lure in the target insect species. This feature ensures the target insect species is first attracted to the cone 7 - and not some other part of the apparatus 1 - as the odour is, effectively, emitted from or escapes through only the designated vents 8 (although potentially the insect entrance 9 too). As the vents 8 converge towards the apex 7a, more odour escapes I is provided towards the apex 7a of the cone 7, which attracts the target insect species towards the insect entrance 9, allowing one-way access to the internal volume 20. This optimises the efficiency of the trap to draw in the target insect species to the correct entry point - the insect entrance 9. The bycatch exit 10 is configured to allow the bycatch (beneficial pollinators) to escape, whilst keeping the target insect species trapped in the internal volume 20. In a simplified example, the bycatch exit may be simply sized to allow the bycatch to escape the enclosed volume 20, whilst preventing a larger target insect species from escaping (as it is unable to pass through the bycatch exit). In addition, the bycatch exit may allow bait odour to escape, helping to attract the target insect species from a wider area. With particular reference to Figure 4, which shows the apparatus 1 in a vertical condition intended for exterminating the insects, the apparatus 1 I receptacle 2 may be filled with water to its brim 22 - or, indeed immersed in water - so as to remove practically all, of if not all, air from the internal volume 20, which would have the effect of drowning the insects. The receptacle 3 is bucket-like and has no apertures or holes, meaning it can hold water indefinitely, and certainly long enough to drown the target insect species. In use of the insect trap apparatus 1, effective and safe trapping of target insect species is accomplished through the following steps. • Prepare the Trap - place the trap 1 in a vertical condition on its base 4, with the closure 3 uppermost, and remove the closure 3 from the receptacle 2. • Bait Placement - introduce bait 21 into a bottom of the receptacle 2, choosing between solid, liquid or gel forms. Optionally, use a separate bait receptacle (not shown) for added convenience. • Secure Closure - re-attach the closure 3 securely to the receptacle 2, ensuring a tight and reliable seal. The bait 21 is now contained in the internal volume 20. • Position the Trap - place the trap 1 in a horizontal condition - similar to Figure 3 -on a flat surface, in an intended capture region. This condition allows the receptacle 2 to act as a protective cover, shielding the bait 21 and entrance 9 from adverse weather conditions. As an alternative, if circumstances require it and / or shielding the bait is not required, suspend the trap 1 with the closure 3 uppermost. • Aroma Circulation - leave the trap in this position and location for a predetermined time period. This allows the aroma of the bait 21 to circulate and emit or escape the internal volume, effectively attracting the target insect species. • Return to Vertical Condition - after completing the trapping process, move the trap 1 back to its original, vertical condition on its base, with the closure 3 facing upwards. • Extermination with Water - fill the trap 1 completely with water, initiating the extermination process. Water is easily introduced into the receptacle 2 / trap 1 through the entrance 91 vents 8 of the cone 7, in a manner similar to filling a bucket. Leave the water-filled trap 1 for a pre-determined time period to ensure (all) the target insect species are drowned. • Trap Maintenance - once the target insect species have been exterminated, safely remove the closure 3 and empty the trap 1 I receptacle 2 of the deceased insects, and drowning water. The now lifeless insects can be safely removed from the trap 1 and disposed of, without any risk of encountering live and potentially harmful insects. • Clean, Re-bait, and Redeploy - clean the trap 1 thoroughly, re-apply bait 21, and securely re-attach the closure 3. The trap 1 is now ready to be redeployed for continued insect trapping. The above is an exemplary systematic deployment process which not only ensures the efficiency of the trap in attracting and exterminating target insect species but also emphasises the safety and ease of maintenance for an / the operator of the trap. Figures 5 to 7 show a second embodiment of insect trap apparatus, identified generally by reference 1’, which includes a modified closure 3’. This second embodiment is based upon the first embodiment and, so, common references will be used for common features and the following description aims to focus upon the differences. The modified closure 3’ of apparatus T is intended for use with a receptacle (not shown), exactly as described above with reference to the first embodiment, reference 2. As such, the closure 3’ is intended to be connectable to the receptacle in the same way, with clips 12. As the second embodiment is for use with an identical receptacle, additional features of the receptacle will not be repeated. The closure 3’ is disc-like, having a skirt 3a for co-operating with a lip portion of the receptacle. The closure 3’ includes a central cone 7 (or funnel), which extends internally, towards a centre of the receptacle. The cone 7 includes a circular insect entrance 9 (insect aperture 9) at an approx, apex 7a of the cone 7 and further includes a plurality of attractant or bait vents 8 (attractant or bait apertures 8), arranged along curved surfaces 7b of the cone 7, from its edge 7c to its apex 7a. The vents 8 are also arranged around the curved surface 7b, in a pattern providing a number of trails or runways 8a of odour vents towards the insect entrance 9. More specifically, the vents 8 are specifically arranged and configured to converge towards the apex 7a so as to increase an amount or concentration of emitted odour the closer an insect moves towards the entrance 9. The closure 3’ further includes a number of bycatch exits 10 (bycatch aperture(s) 10), provided around a periphery of closure 3’, which are provided so as to allow non-target species to escape the internal volume of apparatus T. Twelve are shown, but this is not essential - the closure 3’ should have at least one. The closure 3’ includes a number of upstanding fins 30, extending in a upright condition from the curved surface 7b towards an axis of the cone 7, and extending along the curved surface 7b from its edge 7c towards its apex 7a. As shown in Figure 5 in particular, the fins 30 are trapezium prisms, having edges 31 which are flush with the disc-like surface of the closure 3’, pairs of, essentially, parallel elongate edges 32 and 33, and fourth edges 34, angled so as to not obscure the entrance 9. The fins are shown as being trapezium prisms, although this is not essential, and other shapes might function adequately, although are less preferred. Whilst the fins 30 are shown as stopping well short of the apex 7a, this is not essential - although the fins should not, on the other hand, obscure the entrance 9. Figures 5 and 6 show 8 radially dispersed fins, at approx. 45 degree spacings around the cone 7. This is not essential, and the number, and accordingly the angular spacing, may be adapted without moving away from the present invention. The fins 30 function to prevent a target insect from endlessly wandering around the cone 7, and never heading towards the entrance 9. Accordingly, the fins 30 provide a surface 30a along which a predatory insect may travel, in the direction of the entrance 9, further encouraging the insect into the trap apparatus T. In addition, each respective pair of fins 30 converge towards the apex 7a, funnelling insects towards the entrance 9. As shown in Figure 7, in particular, which shows an internal aspect of the cone 7, the entrance 9 extends in a cylindrical manner from the cone 7, having a cylindrical portion 40, for attachment of an optional hollow elbow 41. The cylindrical portion 40 is perforated with a number of vents 8b to increase escape of odour and includes at its distal end 40a the insect entrance 9 which - in this optional version -is, thereby, located within the elbow 41, reducing escape of target insects from the internal volume directly through the insect entrance. The elbow 41 is ‘L’ shaped, providing an elongate passageway 42 along which insects must pass so as to gain access to the internal volume. The passageway 42 includes an intentional approx, ninety-degree change in direction from its first end 43, which is connectable with the cylindrical portion 40, to its second and open end 44, which distances open end 44 remotely from any internal surfaces of the receptacle and / or closure 3’. This helps prevent a target insect from just wandering around and stumbling upon the way it came in, and escaping back through the insect entrance 9. Elbow 41 is also perforate with a number of vents 8c, to improve venting of attractant or bait odour through the insect entrance 9 -although this is not considered essential. Although the change in direction is described as approx, ninety-degrees, this is not essential and other acute or obtuse angles may suffice. Advantageously, the second embodiment of trap features a ring of twelve bycatch apertures 10 around a periphery of the closure; however this number is not essential. These apertures 10 provide an escape route for non-target insects to escape from inside the trap and work sufficiently despite their number - both higher and lower being equally acceptable - although a particularly high number might otherwise distract the target species away from the funnel and entrance, potentially preventing initial capture. Advantageously, the cone or funnel is lined with rows of odour-emitting vents 8 converging at the insect entrance 9. These vents 8 are designed to encourage the target species to search for a way to enter the trap. As the target insect moves along, probing each hole, it eventually reaches the entrance. The runway of vents are designed to be small enough to prevent entry, without causing complete distraction - which would otherwise prevent the insect from moving on to probe the next vents in the row. The invention, therefore, ensures the insects continue towards the next vent, and so on until it reaches the entrance and enters the trap. Advantageously, the fins 30 funnel insects towards the entrance. Further advantageously, the upstanding fins 30 are designed to guide the target species directly towards the entrance, preventing it from circling the trap. The radially arranged fins impart a linear-type movement on the target insect species, or at least reduce circling of the insect, and funnel it towards the entrance owing to the convergent nature of the fins. Additionally, and preferably, the upstanding fins provide a relative depth or height of upstand along which, rather than over, the target insect will travel, whilst also being of a relative depth or height which prevents the insect’s wings from touching the fin during its approach - which might otherwise disturb or deter it. Accordingly, the fins have been adapted so as not to hinder landing of the target insect species. In an alternative, although somewhat less preferred, the fins, walls and / or partitions may be at least partially conically or helically arranged upon the surface of the cone or funnel. Although this may increase a time taken for an insect to reach the entrance, it is still moving in a direction towards the entrance. Advantageously, the optional elbow 41 reduces escape of insects directly through the entrance 9. When a target species enters the trap, it begins a frantic search for an exit. This search can sometimes lead it to escape back out through the entrance. However, to prevent or reduce that, the invention proposes an optional anti-escape elbow to increase the difficulty for the insects to reach the entrance from inside the internal volume I inside the trap. Target species generally avoid moving upwards, and the 90-degree elbow deters them from doing so. Accordingly, upon entering the trap and once it leaves the elbow through the open end, it typically does not return to the elbow and the exit. In addition, the elbow advantageously also contains vents to increase the amount of bait or attractant odour flowing freely out of the entrance, improving the focus of the target species towards the entrance. The optional elbow and its connection to the cone or funnel ensures bait odour flows freely, assisting the scent reaching insects approaching the entrance. Use of the insect trap apparatus T to provide effective and safe trapping of target insect species is accomplished in very much the same way as described above for the first embodiment and, so, shall not be repeated. In addition, the fins 30 specifically direct a target insect species towards the entrance 9, improving overall insect capture. In addition, the elbow 41 reduces the likelihood of the target insect species exiting the internal volume and escaping the trap directly through the insect entrance 9. The following is applicable to both the first and second embodiments. A handle may be located in one aperture 6 or, preferably, in a pair of diametrically opposed apertures 6, which may, optionally, be used to suspend the apparatus in an elevated condition, with or without use of an additional tether, strap or the like. Although the above deployment process has been described where trapping occurs in a horizontal condition of the apparatus, whilst resting on a flat surface, the trap may be suspended, being hung or elevated and, thereby, leveraging environmental factors such as weather conditions or insect behaviours to enhance its effectiveness. Although above the receptacle is described as being a cylindrical shell, it may be chosen from a range of different shapes depending on the target insect species, and region of capture. Accordingly, the receptacle may be an open-ended cuboidal or pyramidal shell body, or any other three-dimensional shell shape providing a free volume of air therewithin. The receptacle may be adapted to diverse environmental and operational requirements. This flexibility ensures the trap apparatus can be seamlessly integrated into various settings and / or adapted to the specific needs of the operator. Whether the objective is to deploy the trap in tight spaces, conform to specific environmental aesthetics, or optimise the volume of the receptacle for extended trapping periods, the diverse shape and volume of the receptacle provides practical solutions for efficient insect management. The receptacle of the trap serves several functions, being as follows. Bait housing - the receptacle acts as a secure housing for the attractant or bait. This attractant / bait may take various forms such as liquid, solid, or gel, and may be contained in a separate container like a tin or sachet. Alternatively, it can be poured directly into the base of the receptacle as a liquid. The strategic placement of the bait within the receptacle ensures the target insect species must enter through the entrance to gain access to the internal volume. Weather protection and odour control - impervious walls of the receptacle, having no additional apertures therein, protect the bait from external weather conditions such as rain and wind. Large volume for extended trapping periods - the receptacle may provide a range of volumes, from, say, 0.5 litres to 50 litres. The larger volumes allow the trap to be left unattended for an extended period without requiring frequent servicing by the operator. Large volumes are particularly advantageous in scenarios where consistent trapping is necessary over time. Extermination device - acting as a device for the extermination of captured target species, the receptacle facilitates a unique drowning mechanism. By standing the trap vertically with the closure uppermost and filling it with water through the closure, the targeted species are effectively drowned, minimising the risk of encountering live and potentially harmful insects during trap maintenance. Although a snap-fit connection has been described above between the closure and receptacle, and this has been described as potentially supplemented with one or more clips for added security, a snap-fit connection by itself may suffice. Further alternatively, the rim and skirt may be provided with correspondingly shaped screw-threaded portions, allowing the closure to be screwed onto the receptacle. In a further alternative, the closure may be simply rested onto the rim - i.e. no specific snap-fit connectability - and the clips themselves provide the secure connection alone. Those skilled in the art will understand that what is important is that the closure can be releasably secured to the receptacle, rather than exactly how this is achieved. The following are perceived advantages of specific examples of connection means. Snap-fit - ensures a quick and straightforward attachment. The closure securely clicks into place on the receptacle, providing a reliable connection that is both efficient and user-friendly. Screw-threads - allows the closure to be securely screwed onto the receptacle, ensuring a tight and durable connection that withstands external conditions and handling. Security clips - for additional flexibility, clips may be used as an alternative, or in addition to the snap-fit connection. These clips provide a reliable and, yet, easily detachable connection, facilitating quick and effortless access to the internal volume for maintenance, bait replenishment and / or disposal of captured insects. Although the above describes the closure as including a cone or funnel, this is not essential. Such a recessive surface may, alternatively, have a rectangular, triangular, square, circular or ovaloid cross-section, of regular or diminishing size. By way of a further alternative, the one-way entrance may be provided in the same plane as other aspects of the disc-like closure, i.e. having no recessive surface -although this is considered a somewhat inferior design. Although the above describes the insect entrance as being circular, this is not essential. A different entrance shape may be used to offer flexibility, especially to accommodate different insect sizes and / or shapes. Various options exist, including rectangular, triangular, square, or ovaloid configurations. Typically, the diameter, or largest dimension, of the entrance falls within the range of 7mm to 9mm, although this is somewhat flexible.

Claims

1.) An apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects, the apparatus comprises:a receptacle, for receiving an insect attractant or bait and one or more predatory winged insects; anda closure, releasably and securely fastenable to the receptacle, to provide an internal volume therewithin;wherein, the closure comprises:a recessive surface extending into the receptacle, the recessive surface comprises an insect aperture, for allowing a predatory winged insect to gain access to the internal volume;one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions, extending at least partly along and / or around the recessive surface towards the insect aperture, so as to guide said predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture.2.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise:radially disposed fins, walls and / or partitions;upstanding fins, walls and / or partitions;recessed fins, walls and / or partitions; and / or combinations thereof.3.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the plurality of fins, walls and / or partitions converge and / or extend towards the insect aperture, so as to guide predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture.4.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the one or more, or plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions comprise:a pair of elongate edge regions being substantially parallel to each other;one or more continuous surfaces, extending from the recessive surface;a trapezoidal surface, extending from the recessive surface;and / orupstanding fins, walls and / or partitions dimensioned to provide a relative depth or height of upstand along which, rather than over, said predatory insect will travel.5.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus and / or closure comprises one or more attractant or bait odour vents, being differently dimensioned and / or shaped to the insect aperture.6.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the one or more attractant or bait odour vents are:dispersed around the recessive surface;dispersed around the recessive surface in a pattern providing one or more trails of odour towards the insect aperture.7.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the one or more attractant or bait odour vents are more densely populated in the environs of the insect aperture to provide greater / more attractant odour escape in its vicinity.8.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the recessive surface is cone- or funnel- shaped, extending into the receptacle towards a centre thereof.9.) An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the one or more attractant or bait odour vents is / are spatially arranged around and / or along at least part of the cone- or funnel-shaped surface and converge towards a / the apex or apex region, where the insect aperture is located.10.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the cone- or funnel-shaped surface comprises a circular, triangular, square, quadrilateral, pentagonal, and / or hexagonal cross-section about its axis.11.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the insect aperture is shaped and / or dimensioned to allow a hornet to gain access to the internal volume.12.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus and / or closure comprises one or more bycatch apertures, shaped and / or dimensioned to be smaller than the insect aperture, so as to allow a bycatch insect to escape the internal volume whilst preventing a larger target insect from escaping.13.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the one or more bycatch apertures:is / are shaped and / or dimensioned to allow escape of smaller non-predatory winged insects and / or smaller non-target predatory winged insects; and / or are dispersed around a periphery of the closure.14.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the receptacle: is configured to hold a volume of liquid to a brim of the receptacle; and / or comprises a continuous surface having no apertures affecting its ability to hold water therein.15.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the receptacle comprises a planar surface upon which the receptacle may be rested.16.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprises:one or more feet;one or more protrusions; and / oran oversized closure, being of greater largest dimension than the receptacle, wherein the apparatus is configured for raising an open end of the receptacle when in a horizontal condition, so as to ensure said attractant or bait remains towards the opposite end of the receptacle.17.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprises an attractant or bait.18.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is a hornet trap.19.) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the insect aperture comprises, on an internal aspect thereof, a hollow elbow, for reducing escape of insects from the internal volume directly through the insect entrance.20.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the elbow is an ‘L’ shaped, hollow member comprising an elongate passage along which insects must pass so as to gain access to the internal volume, and which distances an internal end of the passage remotely from internal surfaces of the receptacle and / or closure.21.) An apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the elbow is at least partially perforated, to improve venting of attractant or bait odour through the insect aperture.22.) A method for pest control of predatory winged insects, the method comprising: a) locating an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 21 in the vicinity of:a beehive;a nest of predatory winged insects; and / or other intended capture region,b) locating an attractant or bait within the internal volume of the apparatus;c) leaving the apparatus for a first pre-determined time period so as to capture predatory winged insects in the internal volume; andd) immersing the apparatus in water or filling the apparatus with water for a second pre-determined time period so as to exterminate the predatory winged insects.23.) A method as claimed in claim 22 further comprising one or more of the following:e) separating the closure from the receptacle to release the expired predatory winged insects, and emptying water from the apparatus, OR emptying water from the apparatus, and separating the closure from the receptacle to release the expired predatory winged insects;f) locating further attractant or bait within the internal volume and recombining the closure and receptacle; OR recombining the closure and receptacle and locating further bait attractant within the internal volume; and / org) repeating method steps b) to d) or repeating methods steps b) to f).524.) A method as claimed in claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the method comprises a method for pest control of hornets.25.) A closure for an apparatus for capturing predatory winged insects, the closure 10 being releasably and securely fastenable to a receptacle to provide an internalvolume therewithin for receiving an insect attractant or bait, and one or more predatory winged insects,wherein, the closure comprises:a recessive surface, the recessive surface comprises an insect aperture, for 15 allowing a predatory winged insect to pass through the closure; andone or more, or a plurality of, fins, walls and / or partitions, extending at least partly along and / or around the recessive surface towards the insect aperture, so as to guide said predatory winged insects towards the insect aperture.

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