Inlet nozzle for adding acid

Abstract

An inlet nozzle comprises an elongated cylinder. The elongated cylinder comprises an expanded polymer between a primary end and a secondary end of the elongated cylinder. The primary end has an inlet hole and the secondary end has an outlet hole. A channel is in fluid communication with the inlet hole and the outlet hole. At least a portion of the elongated cylinder is coated with a metal. The elongated cylinder can be used in combination with a conduit carrying a process flow. This nozzle is configured to carry acid through the outlet hole and into the duct in the same direction as the process flow.

Description

Inlet nozzle for adding acid Field of invention (1) This report presents the apparatus and processes required to add acid to a liquid stream, and specifically provides an inlet nozzle in which polymer and metal are combined to increase corrosion resistance. Background (2) In some industrial processes, the process of adding acid to a liquid stream is used. For example, acrylonitrile is an important chemical used primarily as a monomer for the production of a wide range of polymeric materials such as acrylic fibers in textiles and resins such as ABS and SAN. Worldwide, more than four million tons of acrylonitrile are produced annually. The most common processes used to produce acrylonitrile or other alkene-unsaturated nitriles such as methacrylic acid nitrile involve the reaction of hydrocarbons such as propylene or propane to produce acrylonitrile or isobutylene, or to produce methacrylic acid nitrile in an ammoxidation reactor in the presence of ammonia using air or other sources of molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Such oxidation reactions, which are called ammoxidation reactions, usually use a heterogeneous solid catalyst (in the form of suspended particles) in a fluid catalyst to accelerate the ammoxidation reaction and produce the desired acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile with an acceptable yield and performance.In general, ammoxidation reactions, in addition to producing an unsaturated alkene nitrile, also produce other products such as acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and other co-products. Catalytic ammoxidation processes using a hydrocarbon as the acrylonitrile feed are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,001,503,4; 4,767,878; 4,863,891; and 5,093,299, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. (3) These processes are widely used in commercial applications for the recovery of hydrocarbon ammoxidation products, such as the ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile, which generally involve the following steps: (a) contacting the effluent from an ammoxidation reactor in a quench tower or column with an aqueous quenching liquid to cool the gaseous effluent; (b) contacting the quenched gaseous effluent with water in an absorbent to form an aqueous solution of the ammoxidation products; (c) subjecting the aqueous solution to a water extraction process in a distillation column, and (d) removing an initial overhead vapor stream containing unsaturated nitrile and some water from the top of the column and collecting a liquid waste stream containing water and contaminants from the bottom of the column. Further purification of an alkene-unsaturated nitrile (such as acrylonitrile) can be accomplished by passing the overhead vapor stream to a secondary distillation column to remove at least some of the impurities from the acrylonitrile and further distilling the partially purified acrylonitrile. The effluent from the ammoxidation reactor generally contains some ammonia.Therefore, the extinguishing fluid used in the extinguishing column can contain a strong mineral acid such as sulfuric acid to react and hence form water-soluble salts of ammonia such as ammonium sulfate. Used or spent extinguishing fluid containing ammonium sulfate and other compounds are usually used and handled in safe, environmentally friendly ways. (4) Although acrylonitrile / methacrylonitrile production has been commercially viable for many years, there are still areas for further growth with significant advantages. The aqueous extinguishing fluid is usually delivered to a fire column through a liquid extinguishing conduit consisting of an alloy. A strong acid is usually added to the liquid extinguishing conduit and is carried along with the water and along the water flow through this conduit to the fire column. The addition of a strong acid to water to form the extinguishing fluid carried to the fire column may result in the formation of a localized zone of sulfuric acid that is highly corrosive (especially at or near the location where the acid is added to the conduit). One area of ​​improvement in this area could be to improve the way the acid is delivered to the water to form the extinguishing fluid with reduced corrosive effects. Summary (5) Accordingly, one aspect of this category is to provide a safe, efficient, and cost-effective process and device that overcomes or reduces the disadvantages of conventional processes and devices. (6) The inlet nozzle comprises an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end with an inlet hole and a secondary end. The nozzle comprises a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder, wherein the channel is adapted to provide fluid communication between the inlet hole and the outlet hole. In another aspect, a metal covers at least a portion of the elongated polymer cylinder, and in another aspect, the metal is spaced about 0 to 50 times a diameter of the outlet hole away from the inlet hole. (7) In another aspect, an inlet conduit includes an inner polymer sheath and an outer metal sheath. The inner polymer sheath includes a primary end as an inlet hole and a secondary end as an outlet hole, and the outer sheath serves as a primary end and a secondary end. In another aspect, the secondary end of the polymer sheath extends beyond the outer metal sheath by about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole. (8) In another aspect, a process for applying acid to a process stream includes supplying acid through an inlet nozzle to a process stream. The inlet nozzle includes an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end as an inlet orifice and a secondary end. The nozzle includes a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder, wherein the channel is used to efficiently provide fluid communication between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. In another aspect, a metal is coated on at least a portion of the elongated polymer cylinder, and in another aspect, the metal is spaced about 0 to 50 times the diameter of an outlet orifice. (9) On the other hand, the process of providing acid to a process stream includes providing acid through an inlet conduit to a process stream. The inlet conduit includes an inlet polymeric sheath and an outlet metallic sheath. The inner polymeric sheath includes a primary end as an inlet orifice and a secondary end as an outlet orifice, and the outer sheath serves as a primary end and a secondary end. In another aspect, the secondary end of the polymeric sheath extends from about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet orifice and beyond the outer metallic sheath. (10) In another aspect, the acid addition system includes a process flow conduit and an inlet nozzle extending into the process flow conduit. The inlet nozzle includes an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end as an inlet orifice and a secondary end. The nozzle includes a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder and is used to effectively provide fluid communication between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. In another aspect, a metal coats at least a portion of the elongated polymer cylinder. In another aspect, the metal is spaced about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet orifice away from the outlet orifice. (11) Alternatively, the acid addition system includes a process flow conduit and an acid inlet conduit extending into the process flow conduit. The inlet conduit includes an inner polymer sheath and an outer metal sheath. The inlet polymer sheath includes a primary end as an inlet hole and a secondary end as an outlet hole, and an outer sheath serves as a primary end and a secondary end. Alternatively, the secondary end of the polymer sheath extends from about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and beyond the outer metal sheath. (12) In another aspect, the apparatus includes a reactor vessel configured to receive an aqueous stream and an acid inlet nozzle configured to provide acid to the liquid stream. The inlet nozzle includes an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end as an inlet port and a secondary end. The nozzle includes a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder adapted to provide communication between the inlet port and the outlet port. In another aspect, a metal coats at least a portion of the elongated polymer cylinder. Alternatively, the metal is positioned about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet port and away from the outlet port. (13) The apparatus further comprises a reactor vessel configured to receive an aqueous stream and an inlet conduit configured to provide acid to the aqueous stream. The inlet conduit comprises an inner polymeric sheath and an outer metallic sheath. The inner polymeric sheath comprises a primary end as an inlet orifice and a secondary end as an outlet orifice, and the outer sheath functions as a primary end and a secondary end. Alternatively, the secondary end extends from the polymeric sheath about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet orifice and beyond the outer metallic sheath. (14) The above and other aspects as well as the aforementioned features and advantages will become apparent from the illustrated embodiments thereof, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief description of the drawings (15) A more complete understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and the advantages associated therewith can be obtained by referring to the following and considering the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like features and characteristics: (16) In Figure 1, a schematic flow diagram is shown according to the various aspects described, which has been applied to the production of the acrylonitrile product. (17) Figure 2 shows an aspect of the inlet nozzle. (18) An alternative aspect of the inlet nozzle is shown in Figure 3. (19)Another alternative aspect of the inlet nozzle is shown in Figure 4. (20) Figure 5 shows an aspect of an inlet duct. (21) Figure 5 shows more detailed views of the inlet duct shown in Figure 5. (22) A flow chart of a process according to the aspect shown is depicted in Figure 6. (23) Concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid is exceptionally corrosive and carbon steel may be used to convey the sulfuric acid. The quenching water is relatively corrosive and another type of steel (e.g., 304L stainless steel) is required. It has been found that the incorporation of concentrated sulfuric acid into a water quenching stream may result in a sulfuric acid-replaced zone that is highly corrosive and neither carbon steel nor stainless steel is suitable. It has been found that when another type of metal, such as a Hastelloy B pseudo-alloy, is used in an acid injection nozzle, there may still be a corrosion problem. In this regard, polymer and metal are combined to provide an inlet injection nozzle to improve corrosion resistance. (24) On the other hand, the device comprises an inlet nozzle. The nozzle comprises an elongated cylinder having a longitudinal axis. The elongated cylinder has a polymer extending between a primary and secondary end of the elongated cylinder. In this regard, the polymer can be a polymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-elastomers, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene difluoride and combinations thereof. (25) The secondary end of the elongated cylinder is in the form of an outlet hole, while the outer hole is located across the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. In this view, the outlet hole may form an angle of about 30 degrees to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. In another view, the outlet hole may form an angle of 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder, in another view, an angle of about 60 degrees to 120 degrees, and in another view, an angle of about 80 to 100 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. (26) An elongated cylindrical channel is formed in fluid communication with an inlet hole and an outlet hole. In one aspect, the elongated cylindrical channel is configured to receive acid through the inlet hole and transport acid through the channel to the outlet hole and transport acid through the outlet hole. The channel can be spherical, but any other shape that can be formed in a polymer mold can be contemplated. In one aspect, the channel has a diameter of about 0.5 cm to about 6.5 cm, in another aspect, a diameter of about 1 cm to about 5 cm, and in another aspect, a diameter of about 1.5 cm to about 4 cm. (27) On the other hand, the first portion of the long cylinder is coated with a metal and the second portion of the cylinder is not coated with metal. In another aspect, the long cylinder is coated with metal up to its outlet hole. The metal can be a Mo-coated alloy containing about 2 wt.% or more Mo. Examples of Mo-coated alloys that can be used include Hastelloy®, Inconel®, Ferralium®, Nitronic® and Carpenter® (Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International Corporation. Inconel is a registered trademark of INCO, Ferralium is a registered trademark of Langley Alloys Corporation, Nitronic is a registered trademark of Amco, and Carpenter is a registered trademark of Langley Alloys Corporation.) (28) In one aspect, the inlet nozzle can be used in combination with a conduit that carries a process stream in a predetermined direction that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder of the inlet nozzle. In one aspect, the outlet orifice carries acid in the same predetermined direction as the process stream flows through the same conduit. (29) The present methods for fabricating the device will now be described in more detail with reference to the figures. (30) FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure applied to the production of acrylonitrile product. Apparatus 100 may comprise a quench column 10. Quench column 10 may be configured to receive reactor effluent 12 from an ammoxidation reactor (not shown in FIG. 1) via conduit 14. In quench column 10, reactor effluent gases are cooled by contact with a stream of aqueous or liquid quench 16 entering quench column 10 via lines 18, 20, 22 and 24. This cooled effluent gas is acrylonitrile (including co-products such as acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and impurities) which may be passed through a bubble separator 26 and then through an absorber column (not shown). (31) As shown in FIG. 1, the quench tank 10 is comprised of a primary section 28 and a secondary section 30, the first section 28 being positioned below the secondary section 30. The first section 28 of the quench tank 10 is comprised of an inlet 32 ​​configured to receive a stream of reactor gas or effluent 12, wherein the stream of reactor gas or effluent 12 is comprised of acrylonitrile and ammonia. The second section 30 of the quench tank 10 is comprised of a multi-level spray system 34 configured to receive a stream of aqueous or liquid quenching 16, wherein the aqueous or liquid quenching 16 is comprised of an acid 16. The acid 16 can be added via line 38 to quench the liquid 16 at joint 40. Acid 36 can be any suitable acid such as sulfuric acid (95-98% by weight sulfuric acid). Extinguishing fluid 16 is formed from the effluent exiting end 42 of quench tank 10 through line 44. Water can be added to quench tank 10 through line 46 to inlet 48 or can otherwise be added to extinguishing fluid 16 or elsewhere in the liquid recycling loop formed by streams 17, 44 and 65.The extinguishing fluid 16 is circulated through line 44 and returned to lines 18, 20, 22 and 24 by pump 50. A purge stream 67 may be withdrawn as part of the liquid effluent exiting through line 44 to maintain a constant mass flow in the liquid recovery loop by neutralizing the liquid added through lines 38 and 46. The purge stream 67 removes the products of the neutralization reaction formed (e.g., ammonium sulfate), which is also useful for preventing the accumulation of unwanted products in the liquid recovery loop, such as corrosive products. The effluent exiting end 42 of the extinguishing tank 10 may be drawn from line 44 at a siphon point 52. (32) The multi-level spray system 34 is comprised of at least one spray bar 54 corresponding to line 18 and a secondary spray bar 56 corresponding to line 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the multi-level spray system 34 is also comprised of a spray bar 58 corresponding to line 22 and a spray bar 56 corresponding to line 24. The load bars 54, 56, 58 and 60 extend substantially across the diameter 62 of the fire tank 10. As shown, the spray bar 54 is positioned below the spray bar 56 and substantially parallel to the spray bar 56. The spray bar 58 is positioned above the bar 56 and below the spray bar 60. The spray bar 58 is substantially parallel to the spray bar 60. (33) Each of the spray bars 54, 56, 58 and 60 may be formed from a plurality of spray arms (shown in FIG. 1). The spray arms may extend substantially along a diameter or chord of the fire tank 10 perpendicular to the diameter 62 of the fire tank 10. Each spray arm may be formed from two or more extensions (not shown in FIG. 1). Each extension may extend substantially perpendicular to its associated spray arm. Each extension may be formed from a spray nozzle at one end of its associated extension, with each spray nozzle facing downward. In one aspect, each nozzle of the spray system 34 can be configured to spray downwardly a hollow cone spray of extinguishing fluid 16, wherein each hollow cone spray is equidistant from the walls of the hollow cone spray.In one aspect, the nozzles of each spray bar can be spaced such that a portion of a first hollow cone spray of extinguishing fluid from a primary nozzle of the first spray bar or a portion of a second hollow cone spray of extinguishing fluid from a secondary nozzle of the primary spray bar overlaps to provide an overlap with the extinguishing fluid having a center of overlap. (34) The cooled exhaust gas, which is composed of acrylonitrile (including co-products such as acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, and impurities) along with dust, may be passed from the multi-stage spray system 34 to the dust removal system 26. The dust removal system 26 is configured to remove dust from the cooled exhaust gas. The removal system 26 is located below the secondary section 30 of the quench tank 10. The dust removal system 26 may be configured to include a water spray system 100. The water spray system 100 is configured to spray water onto a surface 102 of the removal system 26, where a set of droplets is reduced and scale and polymer formation on the surfaces 102 of the dust removal system 26 are reduced. As shown in Figure 1, the water spray system 100 consists of a water line 100 that feeds water to the spray bar 106 through an inlet 108. (35) The spray bar 106 may be formed from a plurality of spray arms (not shown in FIG. 1). The spray arms 106 may extend substantially along a diameter or chord of the fire tank 10 perpendicular to the diameter 62 of the fire tank 10. Each spray arm of the spray bar 106 may be formed from two or more extensions (not shown in FIG. 1). Each extension may be substantially perpendicular to its associated spray arm. Each extension may be formed from a spray nozzle at one end of its associated extension, with each spray nozzle facing upward. In one aspect, each nozzle of the water spray system (100) can be configured to spray upwardly a perfect cone of water, where each perfect cone is defined as a center equidistant from the walls of the perfect cone.In one aspect, the nozzles of the spray bar 106 can be positioned such that a portion of a primary full cone spray of water from a primary nozzle of the spray bar 106 overlaps a portion of a secondary full cone spray of water from a secondary nozzle of the spray bar 106 to provide an overlap of water that overlaps the center. (36) The upward spray of water 110 from the nozzles of the bar 106 onto the surfaces 102 of the dust removal system 26 can be controlled or timed by an automatic controller or timer 112. The controller 112 can control the opening and closing of the valve 114 via a communication line 116. As shown in FIG. 1, the dust removal system 26 may be formed of a V-shaped arrangement or horizontal V-shaped marks 118 having surfaces 102. The V-shaped arrangement or horizontal V-shaped marks extend along a cross-sectional area of ​​the dust removal system 26. The nozzles 120 of the spray bar 106 are configured to provide an upward spray of water 110, preferably as full cone sprays, to the surfaces 110, thereby preventing or reducing the formation of polymer deposits on the surfaces 102. Although the V-shaped arrangement 118 is shown in FIG. 1 and as previously discussed, the dusting or mixing material or structure can be selected from the group consisting of steel wool pads, vanes, and steel V-shaped arrangements. (37) The quenched or cooled effluent gases containing acrylonitrile (including co-products such as acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and impurities) after passing through the dust removal system 26 may exit the quench tank 10 as a gas stream 13. The gas stream 13 may be passed through conduit 15 to an absorber column (not shown). (38) In one aspect, the controller 11 can be configured to process one or more signals corresponding to a measured parameter, such as a temperature measured by a temperature controller (not shown in FIG. 1). The controller 11 can be configured to determine whether the measured parameter is above or below a predetermined parameter range. Those skilled in the art will recognize that according to this report the measured parameter may be any suitable parameter in the operation of the quench tank, such as a temperature measured by a temperature controller at a predetermined position or a liquid level measured by a level controller (not shown in FIG. 1) in the boot 45 of the quench tank 10 or a flow controller (not shown in FIG. 1). The controller 11 can be configured to adjust the operation of one or more components via communication lines or wireless communications (not shown in FIG. 1 ) if the measured parameter is below or above a predetermined parameter range.For example, controller 11 can be configured to regulate the amount of a flow delivered to quench tank 10, such as reactor effluent 12, water (delivered via line 46 to quench tank 10), or quench fluid 16 (including acid 36 delivered via line 38). Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in accordance with this disclosure, controller 11 can be configured to control the operation of pump 50 or the operation of other pumps or valves associated with the high flows to meet a predetermined range. Those skilled in the art will recognize that controller 11 can be configured to control the operation of valve 114 or controller 112, which in turn can be configured to control the operation of valve 114. Those skilled in the art will recognize that controller 11 can be configured to control the operation of other components such as valve 222 (shown in FIG. 2 and discussed further below).Those skilled in the art will recognize that controller 11 can be configured to control the operation of other components such as a pump (not shown) in conjunction with the flow of water to spray bar 106 via inlet 108. Those skilled in the art will recognize that controller 11 or a similar controller can be located away from a temperature controller, a level controller, or a flow controller (not shown in FIG. 1 ) or can be located within a controller including temperature, level, or flow controllers. (39) The effluent from the ammoxidation reactor generally contains a certain amount of ammonia. Therefore, the quenching liquid 16 used in the quenching column 10 can also contain a strong mineral acid 36 such as sulfuric acid to react with water to form a soluble salt of ammonia such as ammonium sulfate. (40) As previously noted, acid 36 can be added to the extinguishing fluid 16 at joint 40. FIG. 2 shows an illustrative embodiment of an inlet nozzle 200 at joint 40 for adding acid 36 to the extinguishing fluid 16. (41) The nozzle 200 may comprise an elongated cylinder 202 having a longitudinal axis along line AA. The elongated cylinder 202 may comprise synthetic fluoropolymers 204 extending between a primary end 206 and a secondary end 208 of the elongated cylinder 202. In one aspect, the synthetic fluoropolymers 204 may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene. In another aspect, the synthetic fluoropolymers 204 may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is sold under the trade name Teflon® by DuPont. (42) The primary end 206 can be considered as an inlet hole 210, while the inlet hole 210 can be considered across the longitudinal axis AA of the cylinder 202. The elongated cylinder 2020 can be formed with an outlet hole 212 between the primary end 206 and the secondary end 208, where the outlet hole 212 can be considered parallel to the longitudinal axis AA of the cylinder 202. The elongated cylinder 202 can be formed with a channel 214 that is in fluid communication with the inlet hole 210 and the outlet hole 212. In one aspect, the elongated cylinder 202 can be configured to receive acid 36 through the inlet hole 210, which passes the acid 36 through the channel 214 to the outlet hole 212 and the acid through the outlet hole 212. In one aspect, a first portion 216 of the elongated cylinder may be coated in alloy 218 and a second portion is not coated with alloy 218. In one aspect, a secondary portion 220 of the elongated cylinder 202 comprises an outlet hole 212 and a secondary end 208. (43) In one aspect, Alloy 218 can be formed from a superalloy. For example, the superalloy can be formed from a Hastelloy B alloy or a similar superalloy. (44) In one aspect, the outlet hole 212 and the channel 214 can be formed by drilling the initial end 206 into the elongated cylinder 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis AA. The outlet hole 212 can be formed by drilling the elongated cylinder 202 in a direction that is transverse to the longitudinal axis AA. The above drilling step can be performed using a suitable drill through the polymer 204 of the elongated cylinder 202. The flow of acid 36 into the inlet hole 210 can be monitored by controlling the opening and closing of the valve 222. (45) In one aspect, the elongated cylinder 202 can be used in combination with a conduit 224 that carries a process stream in a predetermined direction that is transverse to the longitudinal axis AA. In one aspect, the secondary portion 220 of the elongated cylinder 202 can be positioned in the conduit 224 such that the outlet hole 212 is configured to carry acid 36 through the outlet hole 212 in the same direction as the predetermined path of water flowing into the conduit 224. (46) In one aspect, the nozzle 200 can be configured such that when the nozzle 200 is combined with the conduit 224, the outlet hole has a vertex 226 that is aligned with the center of line 228 of conduit 224. In one aspect, the outlet hole 212 can be positioned along another portion of the elongated cylinder, i.e., in a position such that whenever the nozzle 200 is combined with the conduit 224, the hole 212 can have a center that is aligned with the center of line 228 of conduit 224. In one aspect, the outlet hole 212 may have a different position along the elongated cylinder 202 such that another point of the outlet hole 212 is aligned with the center of line 228 of the conduit 224, i.e., the center of the outlet hole 212 is aligned with the center of line 228 of the conduit 224, or a point of the outlet hole 212 is between the vertex 226 and the center of the outlet hole 212. In one aspect, the inlet nozzle may extend into the conduit perpendicular to the process flow. In another aspect, the inlet nozzle may extend into the conduit at an angle.From this perspective, the inlet nozzle forms an angle of about 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the long cylinder, and from another perspective, about 60 to 120 degrees, and from another perspective this angle can be 80 to 100 degrees. (47) In one aspect, the conduit 224 can be formed from an alloy. In another aspect, the alloy can have a Mo coating such as carbon steel or a superalloy such as Hastelloy B or a similar superalloy. In one aspect, the conduit 224 can be formed from a superalloy in the section 230 of the conduit 224 or from an alloy a predetermined distance away from the joint of the sections 232 and 234 of the conduit 224. (48) In one aspect, the portion 230 of the conduit 224 may be formed from an inner polymeric lining or sheath 236, which may be formed from the polymeric material 224 or a similar material of the elongated cylinder 202. (49) In one aspect, the nozzle 200 is configured to deliver acid 36 to the conduit 224 at a location where the acid 36 is mixed with water flowing in the conduit 224 and where the metal of the nozzle is present in the outlet orifice 212. Since no metal from the nozzle 200 is present in the outlet orifice 212, there may be a reduction in the localized areas of sulfuric acid, which is much more corrosive in a delivery system made of carbon steel, stainless steel, or a superalloy present in the acid nozzle orifice. (50) In Figure 3, another aspect is shown in which the nozzle 200 is coated with metal No. 218. As shown in Figure 3, metal No. 218 can completely coat the nozzle 200 up to the outlet hole 212. In this aspect, the metal is about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole away from the outlet hole and in another aspect about 0 to 25 times and in another aspect about 0 to 10 times and in another aspect from 0 to 5 times and again in other aspects 0 to 1 times, 0 to 05 times, 0 to 0.25 times and 0.25 to 50 times, 0.25 to 25 times, 0.25 to 10 times, from 0.25 to 5 times, 0.25 to 1 times, from 0.25 to 0.5 times, 0.5 to 50 times, 0.5 to 25 times, 0.5 to 10 times, 0.5 to 5 times, 0.5 to 1 times, 1 to 50 times, 1 to 25 times, 1 to 10 times, 1 to 5 times, 10 to 50 times, 10 to 25 times, 10 to 20 times, 10 to 15 times, 15 to 50 times, 15 to 25 times, 15 to 20 times, 20 to 50 times, 20 to 40 times, 20 to 30 times or more of the diameter of the exit hole and away from the exit hole. (51) In Figure 4, another embodiment is shown having features identical to or similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 2 and described above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that features identical to or similar to those of Figure 2 can be incorporated into the embodiment shown in Figure 4 in accordance with this disclosure. The nozzle 300 may have an inlet orifice 310 and an outlet orifice 312. The nozzle 300 may be held in place by a flange 350 in relation to a conduit 324. The conduit 324 may be identical to or similar to the conduit 224 shown and described in Figure 2. Since there is no metal from the nozzle 300 in the outlet orifice 312, there may be a reduction in the localized areas of sulfuric acid, which is much more corrosive to a delivery system made of carbon steel, stainless steel, or a superalloy in the acid nozzle orifice. (52) An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 5 that may have the same or similar features as the embodiment shown in Figure 2 and described above. Thus, while some of the features shown in Figure 2 are not shown in Figure 5, those skilled in the art will recognize that, in accordance with this disclosure, the same or similar features of Figure 2 can be incorporated into the embodiment shown in Figure 5. (53) The inlet duct 400 may include a dual inlet configuration having a primary inlet duct 460 and a secondary inlet duct 462. Each inlet duct may have an inlet orifice 410 and an outlet orifice 412. The outlet orifice 412 may be similar to the outlet orifice 212 shown in FIG. 2 . However, the outlet orifice 412 is parallel to the longitudinal axis AA of the elongated cylinder 402 of each inlet duct. In one aspect, the elongated cylinder 402 is formed of a polymer in the outlet orifice 412 and no metal is present in the outlet orifice 412. In one aspect, the center 426 of each outlet orifice 412 is equidistant from the centerline 428 of the duct 424. In one aspect, water can flow into conduit 424 through conduit 464 and exit conduit 424 through conduit 466 . (54) Figure 6 depicts a closer view of the inlet duct 460 shown in Figure 5. The inlet duct 462 may have the same configuration as the inlet duct 460. As shown in Figure 6, the elongated cylinder 402 has a length longer than the length of the housing alloy 418. Therefore, the first portion 416 of the elongated cylinder 402 can be coated with the housing alloy 418 and the second portion 420 of the elongated cylinder 402 cannot be coated in the housing alloy 415. (55) Since no metal is present in the inlet passage 460 of the nozzle 400 in the bore 412, there may be a reduction in the areas of sulfuric acid deposition, which is much more corrosive to the delivery system of carbon steel, stainless steel, or a superalloy present in the acid nozzle bore. In one aspect, the secondary end of the polymeric sheath extends about 0 to 50 times or more the diameter of the outlet bore and beyond the outer metal sheath. In another aspect, the outlet bore is disposed at about a 60 degree angle, in another aspect, at about a 30 degree angle, and in another case at about a 15 degree angle, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. (56) A flow chart of a process 600 according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown in Figure 7. Process 600 can be performed using the apparatus previously described in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. In one aspect, step 601 can be formed by placing an inlet nozzle in a conduit. In one aspect, step 602 can be formed by conveying water through the conduit in a predetermined direction. In one aspect, step 603 can be formed by conveying an acid through the inlet nozzle, wherein this step of conveying acid through an outlet hole from the inlet nozzle in the same predetermined direction as the water, wherein the outlet hole is formed of a fluoropolymer and the outlet hole is free of alloy. (57) Process 600 can be formed with additional steps as previously described (not shown in FIG. 6). (58) While the foregoing specification has been described in connection with specific embodiments, and while the details set forth for the purpose of illustration are provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is susceptible to additional embodiments and that the details described herein may be substantially changed without departing from the essential principles of this disclosure. It is to be understood that the features of this disclosure are susceptible to modification, alteration, or substitution without departing from the spirit of this disclosure or the scope of the claims. For example, the dimensions, number, and shape of the various components may be varied to suit particular applications. Accordingly, the specific embodiments shown and described in this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only. We claim that: 1- An inlet nozzle from: A long polymer cylinder is formed that has a primary end and an inlet hole and a secondary end as an outlet hole. A channel in the elongated polymer cylinder optimized to provide a fluid communication between the inlet hole and the outlet hole; and A metal that covers at least part of a long polymer cylinder. 2- The inlet nozzle of claim 1, which is metallic, is spaced about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 3- The inlet nozzle, which is metal, is placed at intervals of about 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 4- The inlet nozzle of claim 1, which is metal, is placed at intervals of about 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 5- The inlet nozzle of claim 1, which is metal, is placed at intervals of about 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 6. The inlet nozzle of claim 1 having an outlet hole is located across a longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 7. The inlet nozzle of claim 6, which is an outlet hole, is formed at an angle of about 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 8. The inlet nozzle of claim 1, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof. 9. The inlet nozzle of claim 8, which is a polymer comprising polytetrafluoroethylene. 10-The nozzle of claim 1, which is metallic, is an alloy containing Mo. 11. The inlet nozzle of claim 1, which is an alloy containing Mo, comprising about 2 weight percent Mo. 12- An inlet duct includes: It is a sheath with a primary end that has an inlet hole and a secondary end with an outlet hole. An outer sheath characterized by a primary end and a secondary end. 13. The inlet conduit of claim 12, having a secondary end of the polymeric sheath extending beyond the outer metal sheath by about 0 to 50 times or more of the outer bore diameter. 14- The inlet nozzle of claim 12, which is metallic, is located approximately 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and is distant from it. 15- The inlet nozzle of claim 12, which is metal, is located about 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole and is distant from it. 16-The inlet nozzle of claim 12, which is metal and is located about 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 17- In the inlet duct of claim 12, the outlet hole is located approximately 60 degrees parallel to the longitudinal axis of the duct. 18- The inlet conduit of claim 12, which is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride, and mixtures thereof. 19- The inlet channel 18, which is a polymer, includes polytetrafluoroethylene. 20-The inlet conduit of claim 12 which is metallic is an alloy containing Mo. 21. The inlet conduit of claim 20, wherein the Mo-containing alloy comprises about 2 wt% or more of Mo. 22-A process for introducing acid into a process stream consists of the following: Applying acid through an inlet nozzle to a process stream, wherein the inlet nozzle comprises an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end with an inlet hole and a secondary end with an outlet hole. a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder provided to provide fluid communication between the inlet hole and the outlet hole; and A metal that covers at least part of a long polymer cylinder. 23- In the process claimed in clause 22, the metal is placed at intervals of 0 to 50 times the diameter of the exit hole. 24- In the process claimed in clause 22, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the exit hole. 25- In the process claimed in clause 22, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the exit hole. 26- In the process claimed in clause 22, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the exit hole. 27- In the process claimed in claim 22, the outlet hole is located across a longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 28- In the process claimed in claim 27, the outlet hole has an angle of 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 29- In the process claimed in clause 22, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 30- In the process claimed in paragraph 29, the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 31- In the process claimed in paragraph 22, the metal is an alloy containing Mo. 32- In the process claimed in paragraph 31, the Mo-containing alloy comprises two weight percent or more of Mo. 33- In the process claimed in clause 22, the acid is a mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid and compounds thereof. 34- In the process claimed in paragraph 33, the acid is about 95 to 98 percent by weight sulfuric acid. 35. In the process claimed in paragraph 22, the process stream is the stream that occurs in an oxidation or deoxidation process. 36-The process of introducing acid into a stream is a process that includes: Supplying acid through an inlet conduit to a process stream, wherein the inlet conduit comprises an inner polymeric sheath having a primary end with an inlet orifice and a secondary end with an outlet orifice, and an outer sheath defining a primary end and a secondary end. 37-In the process claimed in claim 36, the secondary end of the polymer sheath extends from about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the exit hole beyond the outer metal sheath. 38- In the process claimed in claim 36, the metal is placed about 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the exit hole and away from the exit hole. 39- In the process claimed in claim 36, the metal is placed about 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the exit hole and away from the exit hole. 40- In the process claimed in claim 36, the metal is placed about 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the exit hole and away from the exit hole. 41- In the process claimed in claim 36, the outlet hole is located at an angle of approximately 60 degrees parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. 42- In the process claimed in clause 36, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 43- In the process claimed in paragraph 42, the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 44- In the process claimed in paragraph 36, the metal is an alloy containing Mo. 45- In the process claimed in clause 44, the Mo-containing alloy contains 2% by weight or more of Mo. 46- In the process claimed in paragraph 36, the acid is a mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid and compounds thereof. 47- In the process claimed in paragraph 46, the acid is about 95 to 98 percent by weight sulfuric acid. 48- In the process claimed in paragraph 36, the process stream is the stream that occurs in an oxidation or deoxidation process. 49- Acid addition system includes: The process flow channel and a downdraft nozzle are extended into the flow channel; The inlet nozzle, which comprises an elongated polymer cylinder with a primary end defined by an inlet hole and a secondary end defined by an outlet hole; a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder provided for fluid communication between the inlet hole and the outlet hole; and A metal covering at least part of a long polymer cylinder. 50- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 49, the metal is located about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 51- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 49, the metal is located approximately 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and further away from it. 52- In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the metal is positioned approximately 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 53- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 49, the metal is located approximately 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole and further away from it. 54. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the inlet nozzle extends toward the process stream at an angle of about 30 to 150 degrees from the process stream axis. 55- In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the outlet hole is located across a longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 56- In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the outlet hole forms an angle of about 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the elongated cylinder. 57- In the addition system claimed in paragraph 49, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 58. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 57, the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 59-In the addition system claimed in claim 57, the metal is an alloy coated with Mo. 60. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the Mo-coated alloy contains about 2 wt.% or more of Mo. 61. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 49, the acid is a mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, and compounds thereof. 62- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 61, the acid is approximately 95 to 98 weight percent sulfuric acid. 63- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 49, the process stream is the stream in which the oxidation or ammoxidation process occurs. 64- Acid addition system includes: A process flow channel and an acid inlet channel extending into the process flow channel. The inlet duct consists of an inner polymer sheath and an outer metal sheath. The inner polymer sheath has a primary end, a secondary end, and an exit hole. The outer sheath has a primary end and a secondary end. 65- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 64, the secondary end of the polymer sheath extends beyond the outer metal sheath by about 0 to 30 times the diameter of the outlet hole. 66- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 64, the metal is located about 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 67. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 64, the metal is located about 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole and further away from it. 68- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 64, the metal is positioned about 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 69- In the acid addition system claimed in claim 64, the outlet hole is at an angle of about 60 degrees and parallel to a longitudinal axis of the process flow channel. 70- In the acid addition system claimed in clause 64, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 71- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 70, the polymer is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene. 72-In the addition system claimed in paragraph 64, the metal is an alloy coated with Mo. 73. In the addition system claimed in paragraph 72, the Mo-coated alloy contains about 2 wt.% or more of Mo. 74. In the acid addition system claimed in claim 64, the acid is a mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, and compounds thereof. 75- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 74, the acid is approximately 95 to 98 weight percent sulfuric acid. 76- In the acid addition system claimed in paragraph 64, the process stream is the stream in which the oxidation or ammoxidation process occurs. 77-The device includes: is a reactor vessel configured to receive a water flow, and An acid inlet nozzle configured to deliver acid to an aqueous stream, wherein the acid inlet nozzle comprises an elongated polymer cylinder having a primary end, an inlet orifice, and a secondary end, and an outlet orifice. a channel in the elongated polymer cylinder provided to provide fluid communication between the inlet hole and the outlet hole; and A metal that covers at least part of a long polymer cylinder. 78- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the metal is located about 0 to 30 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 79- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the metal is located about 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 80- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the metal is located about 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 81- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the metal is located about 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole and away from it. 82- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the outlet hole is across a longitudinal axis of the long cylinder. 83- In the device claimed in paragraph 82, the outlet hole forms an angle of about 30 to 150 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the long cylinder. 84- In the device claimed in claim 77, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 85- In the device claimed in paragraph 84, the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 86- In the device claimed in paragraph 77, the metal is an alloy coated with Mo. 87- In the device claimed in claim 86, the Mo-coated alloy contains about 2% by weight or more of Mo. 88-The device includes: is a reactor vessel configured for a water flow; and An inlet conduit configured to provide acid to an aqueous stream, wherein the inlet conduit includes an inner polymeric sheath and an outer metallic sheath. The inner polymeric sheath has a primary end and an inlet opening and an inlet end and an outlet opening. The outer sheath has a primary end and a secondary end. 89- In the device claimed in claim 88, the secondary end of the polymer sheath extends from about 0 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole beyond the metal sheath. 90- In the device claimed in paragraph 88, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 50 times the diameter of the outlet hole. 91- In the device claimed in paragraph 88, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 25 times the diameter of the outlet hole. 92- In the device claimed in paragraph 88, the metal is placed at intervals of 0.25 to 1 times the diameter of the outlet hole. 93- In the device claimed in claim 88, the outlet hole is positioned at an angle of approximately 60 degrees parallel to the longitudinal axis of the duct. 94- In the device claimed in clause 88, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro-urethane, polyvinylidene difluoride and mixtures thereof. 95- In the device claimed in clause 95, the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 96- In the device claimed in paragraph 88, the metal is an alloy with Mo coating. 97- In the device claimed in paragraph 96, the Mo-coated alloy contains 2% by weight or more of Mo. Abstract An inlet nozzle comprises an elongated cylinder. The elongated cylinder comprises a polymer extended between a primary end and a secondary end of the elongated cylinder. The primary end has an inlet opening and the secondary end has an outlet opening. A channel is in fluid communication with the inlet opening and the outlet opening. At least a portion of the elongated cylinder is coated with a metal. The elongated cylinder can be used in combination with a conduit carrying a process stream. The nozzle is configured to carry acid through the outlet opening and into the conduit in the same direction as the process stream flows. Figure 1 Figure 4

Images