Four dimensional energy-field package assembly

Abstract

To provide a four-dimensional (4D) energy field package assembly for projecting an energy field according to a 4D coordinate function.SOLUTION: A 4D energy field package assembly includes an energy source system having an energy source capable of providing energy to an energy location, and an energy waveguide for directing the energy from the energy location from one side of the energy waveguide to another side of the energy waveguide along an energy propagation path.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is entitled "Novel Application of Holographic and Light Field Technology” on January 14, 2018. This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 617,293, filed on and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This disclosure relates to energy directing devices, and in particular to four-dimensional energy field systems. of an energy field package configured to direct energy according to the system Regarding assembly for [Background technology]

[0003] It was popularized by Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek. Originally planned by author Alexander Moszkowski in the early 1900s The Holodeck, an indoor interactive virtual world, is the first drumming experience in nearly a century. It has been an inspiration for science fiction and technological innovation for a long time. The groundbreaking realization of the experience of It doesn't exist at all outside of our imagination. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Energy field package assembly according to the 4th dimensional energy field system In one embodiment, a four-dimensional (4D) energy field package assembly is disclosed. Bri contains multiple modular 4D energy field packages, each module The Formula 4D Energy Field package provides energy to multiple energy locations. The 4D energy source system has multiple energy sources. The energy field package may also include at least one energy waveguide, each The energy waveguide directs energy from multiple energy locations to multiple energy locations. from the first side of the energy waveguide along a plurality of energy propagation paths extending through the The energy propagation path can be directed from the first side of the energy waveguide to the second side of the energy waveguide. , formed between one energy location of the plurality of energy locations and the energy waveguide. Each energy propagation path can be defined by a principal ray, and each energy propagation path can be defined by an energy waveguide. Extends from the energy point in a unique direction determined by at least one energy position. In an embodiment, the location of each energy waveguide includes two-dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates, and each energy - The unique direction of the propagation path includes 2D angular coordinates, which in turn defines 2D spatial coordinates and 2D The angular coordinates form a four-dimensional (4D) coordinate set. Multiple modular 4D energy field packages are used to create an energy projection surface. Includes a mount to which the device is attached.

[0005] In one embodiment, the assembly comprises multiple modular 4D elements integrated on a chip. In another embodiment, the plurality of At least one chip in the modular 4D energy field package , silicon chip. In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy A field package consists of at least one modular 4D energy field package. In one embodiment, the package further includes a boundary surrounding the at least one energy waveguide. In this case, the boundaries of at least one modular 4D energy field package are Each energy waveguide in at least one modular 4D energy field package In another embodiment, at least one boundary includes a black area. In an embodiment, the boundary comprises a plurality of modular 4D energy sensors attached to the mount. It is possible to separate at least one energy waveguide of the field package. do.

[0006] In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of modular 4D energy field packages The distance between the energy waveguides is also the distance between the 4D energy field joints. In another embodiment, the plurality of 4D energy field packages are mounted on a The 4D energy field package is attached to the grid to form a modular 4D energy field package. Each modular 4D energy field package attached to the mount , at least one of multiple 4D energy field packages attached to the mount In one embodiment, the multi-energy waveguide further comprises a boundary uniformly separating all four energy waveguides. The boundaries of each modular 4D energy field package attached to the mount are At least one of each modular 4D energy field package attached to the mount In addition, each energy waveguide of one energy waveguide is uniformly separated.

[0007] In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field package Each energy waveguide of the at least one energy waveguide further includes an aperture, and A first one of the energy propagation paths substantially fills the opening. In some embodiments, at least one modular 4D energy field pack The cage prevents energy propagation along energy propagation paths that do not extend through any waveguide openings. In other embodiments, the mechanical enclosure extends through any waveguide opening. Restricts the propagation of energy along non-existent energy propagation paths.

[0008] In one embodiment, the four-dimensional (4D) energy field package assembly includes a plurality of It also includes a control system that communicates with the modular 4D energy field package. The control system is an energy source system for multiple modular 4D energy fields. The system operates to project a 4D energy field from the energy projection plane. It is possible.

[0009] In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field package The energy directed along at least one energy propagation path of At least one other energy propagation channel of two other 4D energy field packages In another embodiment, at least one energy The energy propagation path and at least one other energy propagation path are connected to at least one motor. of at least one energy waveguide of the Joule-type 4D energy field package. In yet another embodiment, at least one energy The energy propagation path and at least one other energy propagation path are connected to at least one motor. of at least one energy waveguide of the Joule-type 4D energy field package. They converge at a position on the first side.

[0010] In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of modular 4D energy field packages At least one element of at least one modular 4D energy field package An energy waveguide includes a structure for directing energy, the structure (a) passing through (b) a structure configured to change the angular direction of the energy entering the at least one opening; (c) a structure capable of redirecting energy out of at least one of its internal surfaces; or (d) an energy relay.

[0011] In one example, the energy projection surface comprises a planar surface. In another example, the energy projection surface comprises: In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field The package includes a second side of each energy waveguide of the at least one energy waveguide. In another embodiment, the energy source of the plurality of energy sources includes an expanded waveguide disposed at includes one or more emissive displays. In some embodiments, one or more emissive displays The display is one of LED, OLED, AMOLED, and TOLED .

[0012] In one embodiment, the 4D energy field package assembly comprises at least one Multiple modular 4D energy fields to form a second energy projection surface The semiconductor device further includes at least one second mount to which the semiconductor package is attached. In some embodiments, the mount includes a printed circuit board. Directed along multiple energy propagation paths of the modular 4D energy field package The emitted energy can be electromagnetic energy defined by a wavelength, which can be any wavelength, including visible light. In other embodiments, the light source may be one of: ultraviolet, infrared, or x-ray. Directed along multiple energy propagation paths of the 4D energy field package The energy generated can be mechanical energy defined by pressure waves, and the waves can be tactile waves. , acoustic sound vibration, or ultrasound.

[0013] In one embodiment, the set of 4D coordinates for each energy propagation path is In another embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field At least one energy waveguide of the field package includes a lenslet. In one embodiment, the lenslets include Fresnel lenses. In another embodiment, the lenslets have a shape is configured to additionally change the unique direction of each energy propagation path.

[0014] In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field package At least one of the energy waveguides includes a second electrode disposed on a first side of the energy waveguide. a first reflector having one or more aperture stops formed therethrough; a second reflector disposed on a second side of the energy waveguide through which a second reflector having one or more aperture stops formed therein.

[0015] In one embodiment, the size of one or more aperture stops of the first and second reflectors is constant. In another embodiment, the size of one or more of the aperture stops of the first and second reflectors varies. In one embodiment, the first paraboloid of the first reflector and the first paraboloid of the second reflector reflects energy along each energy propagation path of at least one energy waveguide. The first and second reflectors include one or more paraboloids such that the first and second reflectors are configured to

[0016] In one embodiment, the focal length of the first paraboloid of the first reflector is In another embodiment, the focal length of the first paraboloid of the first reflector is The distance is different from the focal length of the first paraboloid of the second reflector.

[0017] In one embodiment, at least one of each modular 4D energy field package In another embodiment, each module includes a plurality of energy waveguides. a first energy guide among a plurality of energy waveguides of the 4D package assembly; directed along a first energy propagation path of the plurality of energy propagation paths through the waveguide. The emitted light substantially fills the opening of the first energy waveguide. Each modular 4D energy field package consists of a first energy waveguide along a portion of the energy propagation paths of the plurality of energy propagation paths that do not extend through the aperture. The optical fiber further includes an energy suppression element positioned to limit propagation of the emitted light. In this example, the energy suppression element is a baffle structure.

[0018] In one embodiment, the 4D energy field package assembly includes a plurality of energy -Each energy waveguide and each modular 4D energy field package In some instances, the mechanical enclosure may further include a mechanical container that encloses the energy source system. The mechanical enclosure is arranged along an energy propagation path that does not extend through the opening of the first energy waveguide. This limits the propagation of trapped energy.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least one modular 4D energy field package Each energy waveguide of the at least one energy waveguide This includes structures to attenuate or modify at least one energy propagation path. In this embodiment, the structure comprises: (a) an energy blocking structure; (b) an opening in each energy waveguide; At least one energy propagation path of each energy waveguide is changed to change the filling rate of the (c) each modular 4D energy field package A structure that can limit the angular range of energy adjacent to the energy position of the It can be selected from the group consisting of: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating design parameters of an energy-directing system. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an energy system having an active device area with a mechanical envelope. [Figure 3] Schematic diagram showing an energy relay system. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of energy relay elements glued together and secured to a base structure. FIG. [Figure 5A] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image relayed through a multi-core optical fiber. [Figure 5B]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a relayed image through an optical relay exhibiting the properties of the transverse Anderson localization principle. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing light rays propagating from an energy surface to a viewer. [Figure 7] 1 illustrates a top perspective view of an embodiment of an energy waveguide system operable to define multiple energy propagation paths. [Figure 8] 8 illustrates a front perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 9A] 9A-9H illustrate various embodiments of energy suppression elements. [Figure 9B] Same as above. [Figure 9C] Same as above. [Figure 9D] Same as above. [Figure 9E] Same as above. [Figure 9F] Same as above. [Figure 9G] Same as above. [Figure 9H] Same as above. [Figure 10] 10 illustrates additional embodiments of energy waveguide systems. [Figure 11] 10 illustrates additional embodiments of energy waveguide systems. [Figure 12] We highlight the differences between square packing, hexagonal packing, and irregular packing for energy waveguide design considerations. [Figure 13] 1 illustrates an embodiment featuring an array of energy waveguides arranged in a curved configuration. [Figure 14] 1 illustrates an embodiment that highlights how a waveguide element can affect the spatial distribution of energy passing therethrough. [Figure 15] An additional embodiment is illustrated that further highlights how a waveguide element can affect the spatial distribution of energy passing therethrough. [Figure 16] 1 illustrates an embodiment in which the plurality of energy waveguides comprises diffractive waveguide elements. [Figure 17]Illustrates the lens configuration used to provide the perfect density of light illumination for a desired viewing angle. [Figure 18A] Illustrates a close-up view of the LED wall. [Figure 18B] Illustrates how a LED wall can look seamless. [Figure 19] Illustrates various pixel patterns. [Figure 20] 1 illustrates an embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] 1 illustrates an embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly, consisting of four smaller adjacent panels. [Figure 22] 1 illustrates one embodiment of the energy emitting component of the modular 4D energy field package of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly of the present disclosure, showing how the modular 4D energy field package may be attached to a mount. [Figure 24] 24 depicts an embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly with a curved projection surface. FIG. 24 depicts an embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly with a curved projection surface. [Figure 25A] 25A, 25B, and 25C depict embodiments of a 4D energy field package assembly arranged to provide additional embodiments of a projection surface. [Figure 25B] Same as above. [Figure 25C] Same as above. [Figure 26] FIG. 1 is a front view illustration of one embodiment of the energy projection surface of the 4D energy field package assembly of the present disclosure. [Figure 27] 1 illustrates four modular 4D energy field packages according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 28] 1 illustrates one embodiment of an energy field package assembly of the present disclosure that projects an energy field. [Figure 29A] 29A and 29B depict one embodiment of a 4D energy field package of the present disclosure that combines multiple mounts into an extended energy projection surface. [Figure 29B] Same as above. [Figure 30] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a modular 4D energy field package of the present disclosure comprising multiple waveguides. [Figure 31A] 31A and 31B depict one embodiment of a modular 4D energy field package of the present disclosure comprising multiple waveguides arranged in a 4D energy field package assembly. [Figure 31B] Same as above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Holodeck (collectively referred to as "Holodeck Design Parameters") The embodiment provides sufficient energy stimulation to trick human sensory receptors and create virtual and social The energy impulses received within the physical and interactive environment are perceived as reality. 1) Use external accessories, head-mounted eyewear, or other peripherals 2) precise movement across the entire viewing volume for any number of viewers simultaneously; Dynamic parallax, occlusion, and opacity. 3) Synchronous convergence of all perceived rays. Visual focus through accommodation and pupil constriction; and 4) vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. and / or balance with sufficient density and balance to exceed the human sensory "resolution" and provides focused energy wave propagation with high resolution.

[0022] Based on the conventional technology, the visual system, the auditory system, the somatosensory system, the taste system, the olfactory system, and Holodeck Design Parameters, Including the Vestibular System As suggested by the Parameter, we provide all receptive fields in a groundbreaking way. We are now decades, if not centuries, away from the technology that allows us to is located.

[0023] In this disclosure, the terms bright field and holographic refer to the stimulation of any sensory receptor response. The first disclosure is based on the Electromagnetic and energy planes for holographic imaging and volumetric haptics Although examples of mechanical energy transmission may be mentioned, any form of sensory receptor may be used within this disclosure. Furthermore, the principles disclosed herein for energy propagation along a propagation path are envisioned. The theory may be applicable to both energy release and energy capture.

[0024] Today, many technologies exist, including, unfortunately, lenticular printing, Ghost, Autostereoscopic Display, Horizontal Parallax Display, Head-Mounted VR and A 3D display (HMD) and "holography (pseudo hologram)" It is often confused with holograms, which include other such illusions that have become popular. Although these techniques may exhibit some of the desirable properties of true holographic displays, , addressing at least two of the four identified Holodeck design parameters lack the ability to stimulate the human visual sensory response in any way sufficient.

[0025] These challenges are addressed by creating a sufficiently seamless energy distribution for Holodeck energy propagation. However, this has not been successfully achieved by conventional techniques for producing a ghee surface. , parallax barrier, hogel, voxel, diffractive optical element, multi-view projection, holography diffuser, rotating mirror, multi-layer display, time series display, head-mounted display Various approaches are available to implement volumetric and directionally multiplexed brightfield displays, including screens. However, conventional approaches are limited by image quality, resolution, angular sampling density, and size. , which may require compromises regarding cost, safety, frame rate, etc., ultimately This may result in an unfeasible technology.

[0026] To achieve Holodeck design parameters for the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems In order to fully deceive the human sensory receptors, the sensitivity of each system was studied. It is understood that the visual system propagates energy waves. The visual system can resolve up to about one arcsecond. The auditory system can distinguish between differences in placement of only 3 degrees, and the somatosensory system of the hand can distinguish between differences in placement of 2-12 mm. There are various and conflicting ways to measure these sensitivities. However, these values ​​are used to understand systems and methods for stimulating the perception of energy propagation. It is enough to do so.

[0027] Of the well-known sensory receptors, the human visual system is the only one capable of eliciting sensations even from a single photon. For this reason, many of the methods used in this introduction is focused on visual energy wave propagation and coupled into the disclosed energy waveguide surface. The extremely low resolution energy system focuses the appropriate signals to produce a holographic image. Unless otherwise specified, all disclosures are for the benefit of all energy beings. - and sensory domains.

[0028] Effective design parameters of energy propagation for a visual system given viewing volume and viewing distance When calculating the data, the desired energy surface is calculated as many gigapixels of the effective energy position density. The desired energy density can be achieved for a wide viewing volume or near-field viewing. The design parameters of the energy surface can include effective energy point densities of hundreds of gigapixels or more. In comparison, the desired energy source is determined by the input environmental variables in the case of volumetric haptics. For ultrasonic propagation, energy position densities of 1 to 250 effective gigapixels, or holograms, are possible. Arrays of 36 to 3,600 available energy locations for acoustic propagation of radio frequency sounds. It is important to note that the disclosed bidirectional energy surfaces The architecture allows all components to be adapted to any energy range. The invention can be configured to form suitable structures and enable holographic propagation. .

[0029] However, today, the main challenge to making the Holodeck possible is the limited available visual These include the limitations of sensory technology and electromagnetic devices. Acoustic and ultrasonic devices, respectively. There are orders of magnitude differences in the desired density based on the sensory acuity in the receptive field of the target. Considering this, it is not that difficult, but its complexity should not be underestimated. The holographic emulsion exists with a resolution greater than the desired density and is While state-of-the-art display devices encode the interference patterns of Until now, the single display The device significantly generates a bright field with near-holographic resolution to the visual acuity. I couldn't do it.

[0030] Able to meet desired resolution for highly realistic light field display The fabrication of a single silicon-based device that can be fabricated is not practical and requires extreme manufacturing capabilities beyond current manufacturing capabilities. This can involve complex manufacturing processes, such as tiling multiple existing display devices together. Alignment constraints are created by packaging, electronics, housing, and optics seams and gaps that may be present, as well as the resulting It also contains many other challenges that will inevitably result in an unviable technology.

[0031] The embodiments disclosed herein provide a real-world path to building a Holodeck. may be provided.

[0032] Example embodiments will now be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and show example embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, "embodiment" means The terms "embodiment," "example embodiment," and "exemplary embodiment" do not necessarily refer to a single embodiment. Although not referring to embodiments, they may be a single embodiment and may be various. The various example embodiments may be readily combined without departing from the scope or spirit of the example embodiments. Additionally, the terminology used herein refers to example embodiments. For illustrative purposes only and not intended to be limiting. In this respect, as used herein, the term "in" means "inside" and "on," and the terms "a," "an," and "the" refer to the singular and Additionally, as used herein, the term "b" may refer to a plurality of "y" can also mean "from" depending on the context. As used herein, the term "if" may also be used in conjunction with "when" depending on the context. It can also mean "when" or "on." As used herein, the word "and / or" refers to any one or more of the associated listed items. and may refer to and encompass all possible combinations.

[0033] Holographic system Brightfield Energy Propagation Resolution Overview Brightfield and holographic displays use a method for detecting the energy surface position within a viewing volume. The result of multiple projections provides transmitted angle, color, and intensity information. The energy surface provides an opportunity for additional information to coexist and propagate through the same surface, allowing other sensors to Unlike stereoscopic displays, it induces a focused energy propagation in space. The visible position of the route does not change as the viewer moves around the visible volume, and is However, the propagated object in the real world space is displayed as if the object really exists there. In some embodiments, the energy propagation is It may be placed in the propagation path, but it may also be placed in the opposite direction. Energy emission and capture along the path may be achieved in some embodiments of the present disclosure by: Both are possible.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variables associated with the stimulus of a sensory receptor response. Includes surface diagonal 01, surface width 02, surface height 03, confirmed target seat distance 18, The field of view of the target seat relative to the field of view from the center of the display, the sample between the eyes, and The number of intermediate samples demonstrated here is 05, the average interocular separation in adults is 06, and the human eye Average resolution per angular minute of 07, the water formed between the target viewer position and the surface width The horizontal field of view 08, the vertical field of view 09 formed between the target viewer position and the surface height, and the results The resulting horizontal waveguide element resolution, or the total number of elements across the surface, is 10. The vertical waveguide element resolution, or the total number of elements across the surface, The sample distance based on the spacing between the eyes and the number of intermediate samples for the angular projection between the eyes. Angular sampling can include the sample distance and the target seat distance 13 and the total resolution per waveguide element in the horizontal direction can be calculated based on the desired The full resolution vertical (Vert) per waveguide element can be derived from the angular sampling 14. ical) can be derived from the desired angle sampling 15. Horizontal (Vice Horizontal) is a method for determining the number of cows of a desired discreet energy source. Device Vertical is the desired careful The confirmed number of energy sources is 17.

[0035] A method for understanding the desired minimum resolution is to determine the sufficiency of visual (or other) sensory receptor response. Meet the following criteria to ensure adequate stimulation: surface size (e.g., 84 inches diagonal) ), surface aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9), seating distance (e.g., distance from the display) 128 inches), seat field of view (e.g., 120 degrees or + / - 120 degrees relative to the center of the display) -60 degrees), a desired intermediate sample at some distance (e.g., one additional sample between the eyes), propagation path), the average separation between the eyes of an adult (approximately 65 mm), and the average resolution of the human eye ( These example values ​​may vary depending on specific application design parameters. should be considered a placeholder depending on the data.

[0036] Furthermore, each of the values ​​resulting from the visual sensory receptors can be replaced with other systems and propagated in the desired way. For other energy propagation embodiments, the angular sensitivity of the auditory system can be determined. 3 degrees, and the spatial resolution of the hand's somatosensory system is reduced to 2-12 mm. It can be considered as follows.

[0037] There are various conflicting methods for measuring these perceptual acuities, but these values is sufficient to understand the system and method for stimulating the perception of virtual energy propagation. There are many ways to consider design resolution, but the following proposed system of principles is: It combines practical product considerations with the biological resolution limits of the sensory system. As such, the following outline is a simplified version of any such system design and is merely an example. It should be considered for illustrative purposes only.

[0038] Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, it is possible to determine if the receiving sensory system can capture a single image given The total energy waveguide element density is calculated so that the energy waveguide element cannot be distinguished from its neighbors. The degree can be calculated.

number

[0039] The above calculation results in a field of view of approximately 32 x 18 degrees, which is approximately 1920 x 1080 pixels (maximum It is desirable to have an energy waveguide element with a field of view that is as close as possible to the optical axis. (u,v) and a more regular spatial sampling of energy positions ( Variables can also be constrained to provide a certain pixel aspect ratio. The system's angular sampling is optimized for target viewing defined between two points at the optimal distance. Assuming a recognition volume position and additional propagation energy paths, it is given by:

number

[0040] In this case, the interocular distance is used to calculate the sample distance, but any scale can be used to calculate the sample distance. Considering the above variables, the appropriate sample size is 0.57°. Approximately one ray per sensory system is desirable, and the overall resolution per sensory system can be calculated as follows: It is given as below.

number

[0041] Using the above scenario, the size of the energy surface addressed to the vision system and Given the spatial and angular resolution, the resulting energy surface is preferably about 40 0k x 225k pixel energy resolution position, or 90 gigapixel hologram These given variables are for illustrative purposes only. and many other sensory and energy metric considerations are based on the holographic nature of energy. In an additional embodiment, a 1 Gigapixel An energy resolution position may be determined based on the input variables. 000 gigapixel energy resolution positions can be determined based on the input variables.

[0042] Limitations of current technology Active area, device electronics, packaging, and mechanical envelope FIG. 2 illustrates a device 20 having an active region 22 with a particular mechanical form factor. The device 20 includes a driver 23 for power supply and electronic circuitry 24. The active area 22 may be connected to the x and y arrows. This device 20 is connected to the cabling for driving the power and cooling components. and mechanical structure are not taken into consideration. Furthermore, the mechanical footprint is This can be minimized by incorporating it into the device 20. The minimum footprint for a mechanical element is defined by the dimensions indicated by the M:x and M:y arrows. This device 20 is for illustrative purposes only and may be referred to as an envelope 21. Application specific electronics circuit design can further reduce the mechanical envelope overhead. In almost all cases, the exact size of the active area of ​​the device is unknown. In one embodiment, the device 20 can be a micro OLED, a DLP chip, or active image for LCD panel or any other technology with the purpose of image illumination As related to region 22, the dependency of the electronic circuitry is illustrated.

[0043] In some embodiments, the display may be expanded to aggregate multiple images across a larger display. However, this may mean that other projection technologies may be considered. Distance, minimum focus, optical quality, uniform field resolution, chromatic aberration, thermal characteristics, calibration, alignment, tracking This can result in costs due to increased size or greater complexity relative to the form factor. Practical applications may host tens or hundreds of these projection sources 20. This can result in a less reliable and larger design.

[0044] For illustrative purposes only, a 3840 x 2160 site energy location density is used. Assuming an energy device with a desired individual energy data for the energy surface, The number of devices (e.g., device 10) can be calculated and is given as follows:

number

[0045] Given the resolution considerations above, approximately 105 × 105 pixels, similar to those shown in Figure 2, are Many devices may be desired, mapped onto a regular grid, or Note that the pixel structure may be composed of various pixel structures that do not need to be mapped. If there are additional sub-pixels or positions within each complete pixel, These can be exploited to generate additional resolution or angular density. and aligns the bright field to the correct (u, v) coordinates according to the specified position of the pixel structure(s). It is possible to determine how to convert the measured values ​​into a known, calibrated, explicit characteristic of each device. Additionally, other energy regions may require different treatment of these ratios and device structures. It may be necessary to change the frequency bands, and those skilled in the art will understand the direct inherent relationship between each of the desired frequency bands. This will be shown and discussed in more detail in the following disclosure. Deaf.

[0046] To use the resulting calculations to generate a full-resolution energy surface, these individual In this case, it is possible to understand how many of these devices are desirable. For this purpose, approximately 105 x 105, or approximately 11,080 devices, may be desired. Seamless from these available energy locations for sensory holographic propagation Creating an energy surface presents challenges and novelties.

[0047] Seamless energy surface overview Energy Relay Array Construction and Design In some embodiments, the assembly of individual devices is seamless due to the constraints of the mechanical structure of each device. We present an approach to address the challenge of generating high energy position densities from rays. In one embodiment, an energy propagation relay system is used to effectively transmit the active device area. Increasing the effective size allows the mechanical dimensions to be met or exceeded. , can constitute an array of relays and form a single seamless energy surface.

[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of such an energy relay system 30. As such, relay system 30 includes device 31 mounted in a mechanical envelope 32. The device 31 has an energy relay element 33 that transmits energy from the device 31. The laser element 33 is a device in which the mechanical envelopes 32 of the device are arranged in an array of the devices 31. 34 that may occur when the battery is placed in a It can be done.

[0049] For example, if the active area 310 of the device is 20 mm x 10 mm and the mechanical envelope If the group 32 is 40 mm x 20 mm, the mechanical envelope 32 of each device 31 is Arrays of these elements 33 can be seamlessly aligned together without any changes or collisions. Assuming that the energy relay element 33 is designed with a 2:1 magnification, the small end ( Approximately 20 mm x 10 mm on the top (arrow A) and approximately 40 mm x 20 mm on the enlarged end (arrow B). Mechanically, the relay elements 33 may be bonded or fused together. , can be aligned and polished while ensuring minimal seam gaps 34 between each device 31. In one such embodiment, it is possible to achieve a seam gap 34 that is smaller than the visual acuity limit of the eye. become.

[0050] FIG. 4 shows an energy-conducting element formed together and securely fastened to an additional mechanical structure 430. An example of a base structure 400 with relay elements 410 is shown. The mechanical structure 420 includes a plurality of energy relay elements 410, 450. 410, 450 through bonding or other mechanical processes to mount the same base structure In some embodiments, each relay element 410 , fused, bonded, glued, pressure fitted, aligned, or otherwise joined together to form the resulting seamless energy surface 420. In some embodiments, the device 480 is mounted behind the relay element 410 and is passive or or actively aligned to the correct energy position within a defined tolerance. It can be ensured that the alignment is achieved.

[0051] In one embodiment, the seamless energy surface comprises one or more energy positions, The stack of one or more energy relay elements comprises first and second sides, each of which has an energy The relay element stack extends between one or more energy locations and a seamless display surface. The holograms are arranged to form a single seamless display surface that directs energy along a propagation path that wherein any two adjacent second side ends of the terminal energy relay element The distance between the two images is greater than the width of a single seamless display surface. Smaller than the smallest perceptible outline as defined by good human vision.

[0052] In one embodiment, each of the seamless energy surfaces has a transverse and longitudinal orientation. one or more energy layers each having one or more structures forming a first and second surface; The first relay surface is connected to a second relay surface, which results in a positive or negative magnification. The relay surface has a different area than the relay surface, and the normal to the surface contour across the entire second relay surface is Pass energy through the second relay surface to substantially fill the + / - 10 degree angle and a first relay surface configured with a distinct surface contour for both the first and second relay surfaces. do.

[0053] In one embodiment, the multiple energy fields may be visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy The Holodeck energy propagation pathways are directed to one or more sensory areas containing a single It can be configured within an energy relay or between multiple energy relays.

[0054] In one embodiment, the seamless energy surface is one that receives one or more energy regions simultaneously. It both transmits and emits, providing bidirectional energy propagation throughout the system. The energy relay comprises two or more first sides for each second side, such that will be done.

[0055] In one embodiment, the energy relay is provided as a loosely coherent element. do.

[0056] Introducing component-engineered structures Disclosed progress in transverse Anderson localized energy relays The characteristics of the energy relay are as follows: The Anderson station can be significantly optimized according to the principles disclosed herein. The localization is a ray of light transported through a material that is laterally disordered but longitudinally coherent. is the propagation of

[0057] This is because the material effect that gives rise to Anderson localization is due to the wave interference being oriented in the transverse direction. between multiple scattering paths that can completely restrict propagation while continuing to propagate in the longitudinal direction. This may mean that it is less susceptible to total internal reflection than to randomization.

[0058] A further important advantage is the elimination of the cladding of conventional multicore optical fiber materials. This cladding functionally eliminates scattering of energy between the fibers, At the same time, it acts as a barrier to the light energy, thereby reducing the core-to-clad For example, with a core-to-clad ratio of 70:30, only 10% of the received energy is transmitted. It reduces transmission by up to 70% and also reduces the amount of energy transmitted. A pixelated patterning is formed.

[0059] FIG. 5A is an end view of one such non-Anderson localized energy relay 500. where the image shows pixilation and Fiber noise can appear when relayed through a multi-core optical fiber. With multimode and multicore optical fibers, the relayed images are Due to the total internal reflection properties of the array cores, they can be inherently pixelated, where any inter-core cladding can be Crosstalk will degrade the modulation transfer function and increase blurring. The resulting image produced using the Chicor optical fiber shows residual images similar to those shown in Figure 3. They tend to have a fixed noise fiber pattern.

[0060] Figure 5B shows the energy relay through a material that exhibits properties of transverse Anderson localization. 5A illustrates an example of the same relay image 550, where the relay pattern is the fixed In one embodiment, the fiber pattern has a grain structure with a greater density than the fiber pattern. The relay containing the randomized micro-component engineered structure has a lateral understress. Induces localization of the signal and provides resolvable resolution higher than that of commercially available multimode glass optical fibers. This allows light to be transported more efficiently through the propagation of light.

[0061] Transverse Anderson localized material properties offer significant advantages in terms of both cost and weight. , where similar optical grade glass materials are used in combination with the same material produced in one embodiment. This can be 10 to 100 times more expensive and heavy than conventional The systems and methods described provide cost and cost savings over other techniques known in the art. Randomized micro-component manipulation demonstrates significant opportunities to improve both quality and Contains the structure.

[0062] In one embodiment, relay elements exhibiting lateral Anderson localization are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice. In each of the three orthogonal planes, at least two different components are manipulated. The plurality of structures may include a plurality of structures for varying material wave propagation properties in a transverse plane within a three-dimensional lattice. Randomized distributions and equivalent charac- teristics of material wave propagation characteristics in the longitudinal plane in a three-dimensional lattice. form a channel where localized energy waves propagating through the energy relay The longitudinal orientation provides higher transport efficiency than the longitudinal orientation.

[0063] In one embodiment, the multiple energy regions are a single intramolecular or multiple transverse Anderson localizations. Consists of energy relays and includes visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy fields. One or more sensory Holodeck energy propagation pathways may be directed.

[0064] In one embodiment, the seamless energy surface is one that receives one or more energy regions simultaneously. It both transmits and emits, providing bidirectional energy propagation throughout the system. For each second side, there is a transverse Anderson localization energy including two or more first sides. It consists of a Gee relay.

[0065] In one embodiment, the transverse Anderson localized energy relay is a loosely coherent It is configured as a flexible energy relay element.

[0066] Considerations on 4D plenoptic functions Selective propagation of energy through holographic waveguide arrays As discussed above and throughout this specification, bright field display systems The system generally consists of an energy source (e.g., a lighting source) and, as clearly indicated in the above discussion, It contains a seamless energy surface with sufficient energy position density to Relay elements are used to relay energy from the energy device to a seamless energy surface. Once the energy is in a seamless state with the required energy position density, Once delivered to the target surface, the energy is guided through the disclosed energy waveguide system to It can be propagated according to a plenoptic function. As such, the 4D plenoptic function is well known in the art. is known and will not be further detailed here.

[0067] The energy waveguide system is a 4D plenoptic function The angle component represents the change in the angular direction of the energy wave passing through the The spatial coordinates of the 4D plenoptic function are Energy is transferred through multiple energy positions along a seamless energy surface representing the target. selectively propagating the energy waves, where the propagated energy waves are 4D plenoptic It can converge in space according to multiple propagation paths directed by a function.

[0068] Now, in the 4D image space, according to the 4D plenoptic function See Figure 6, which shows an example of a bright field energy plane in a The viewer in describing how the converge in space 630 from various positions in the viewing volume The figure shows a ray trace of the energy plane 600 to 620. The path element 610 is a 4-dimensional information describing the energy propagation 640 through the energy surface 600. The two spatial dimensions (herein called x and y) are the The physical energy positions that can be observed at , which are referred to as u and v in the following text, It is observed in virtual space when projected. According to the action function, multiple waveguides (e.g., lenslets) can be When forming a holographic or bright field system, the u and v angular components define Direct the energy position to a specific location in virtual space along the specified direction from the x and y dimensions. It is possible.

[0069] However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that bright field and holographic display technologies The key issues to be addressed are diffraction, scattering, diffusion, angular orientation, calibration, focus, collimation, curvature, uniformity, and elemental Substrate crosstalk and reduced effective resolution and extremely accurate energy It is important to accurately consider any of the many other parameters that contribute to the inability to converge. Understand that uncontrolled energy propagation can occur due to unthinking design. It will be.

[0070] In one embodiment, to address challenges associated with holographic displays, The approach to selective energy propagation is energy suppression elements, and 4D plenopt The aperture of the waveguide is substantially filled with nearly collimated energy in an environment defined by the ic function. This may include:

[0071] In one embodiment, the array of energy waveguides only passes through a single waveguide element. by one or more elements arranged to restrict the propagation of each energy location, A predetermined four-energy surface for multiple energy positions along a constrained seamless energy surface Extends through the effective aperture of the waveguide element in a specific direction defined by the D function, and a plurality of energy paths for each waveguide element configured to substantially satisfy the energy paths. A propagation path may be defined.

[0072] In one embodiment, multiple energy regions are provided within a single energy waveguide or multiple It is composed of energy waveguides between the visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy fields. The Holodeck can direct energy propagation through one or more sensors.

[0073] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide and seamless energy surface may include one or more energy The system is configured to both receive and emit energy fields, and Provides directed energy propagation.

[0074] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is a nonlinear or irregular energy waveguide. The energy distribution is configured to propagate through the non-transmitting void region. digitally encoded, diffractive, refractive, reflective, grating, holographic, Fresnel, or Any seamless surface including walls, tables, floors, ceilings, rooms, or other geometry-based environments In a further embodiment, similar waveguide configurations for various energy plane orientations are utilized. The energy waveguide element allows the user to view holograms from all sides of the energy plane in a 360-degree configuration. Any surface profile and / or tabletop that allows for the viewing of the graphic image It can be configured to produce a variety of shapes that provide a field of view.

[0075] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide array elements may be reflective surfaces, and their The arrangement of the children can be hexagonal, square, irregular, semi-regular, curved, non-planar, spherical, cylindrical, tilted regular, The gradient may be irregular, spatially varying, and / or multi-layered.

[0076] For any component within a seamless energy plane, a waveguide or relay contact Components include, but are not limited to, optical fiber, silicon, glass, polymer -, optical relays, diffractive, holographic, refractive, or reflective elements, optical faceplates, energy Combiners, beam splitters, prisms, polarizers, spatial light modulators, active pixels, liquid crystal cells a transparent display, or any similar material that exhibits Anderson localized or total internal reflection. Fees can be mentioned.

[0077] Realizing Holodeck Two-way seamless energy stimulation for stimulating human sensory receptors within a holographic environment Consolidation of the energy surface system Tiling, fusing, joining, attaching, and tiling numerous seamless energy surfaces together and / or stitching to any size, shape, contour, or form factor, including an entire room. By forming a seamless energy surface system, we will create a large-scale environment Each energy plane system is capable of transmitting two-way Holodeck energy. a base structure, an energy surface, collectively configured for transmission, emission, reflection, or detection; It may include an assembly having relays, waveguides, devices, and electronics.

[0078] In one embodiment, the environment of the tiled seamless energy system is an aggregated Large, seamless flat or curved surfaces, including fixtures that comprise all surfaces within a given environment Forms walls and can be seamless, discontinuous, cut, curved, cylindrical, spherical, geometric, or non- It is configured as any combination of regular shapes.

[0079] In one embodiment, the aggregate tiles of the planar surface are theater or venue-based holographic Creating a wall-sized system for entertainment. In one embodiment, a flat surface Aggregate tiles include both ceiling and floor for cave-based holography installations It covers rooms with 4 to 6 walls. In one embodiment, the curved surface aggregate tiles are In one embodiment, a cylindrical seamless environment is generated for an immersive holographic installation. The seamless spherical surface aggregates tiles to create a HoloDeck-based experience for an immersive experience. Generates a graphic dome.

[0080] In one embodiment, the aggregated tiles of seamless curved energy waveguides are Providing machine edges that follow precise patterns along the boundaries of energy suppression elements within the road structure , bonding, aligning, or fusing adjacent tiled mechanical ends of adjacent waveguide surfaces, resulting in This results in a modular, seamless energy waveguide system.

[0081] In a further embodiment of the aggregated tile environment, the energy is calculated for multiple simultaneous energy regions. In a further embodiment, the energy surface is propagated in both directions using a waveguide. It provides the ability to both view and capture energy simultaneously, and the waveguide Field data is projected by an illumination source through a waveguide and simultaneously received through the same energy plane. In a further embodiment, depth sensing and active scanning techniques are combined. Further exploitation allows for energy propagation in precise world coordinates and interaction with the viewer In further embodiments, the energy surface and waveguide may be used for tactile excitation or volumetric tactile sensation. It operates by emitting, reflecting, or focusing frequencies that induce feedback in the brain. In some embodiments, any combination of bidirectional energy propagation and collection surfaces is possible. Combinations are possible.

[0082] In one embodiment, the system connects at least two energy devices to a seamless energy supply. Use two or more path energy combiners to pair separate paths to the same part of the energy surface. Energy duality through the energy plane with one or more energy devices paired together Equipped with an energy waveguide that allows for directional emission and detection, or one or more energy The device is secured behind the energy surface and includes additional components secured to the base structure. or in front of the waveguide's FOV for off-axis direct or reflected projection or detection and the outermost position, the resulting energy surface is The bidirectional energy transmission is achieved by focusing the energy through a waveguide and then This allows one device to emit energy and a second device to detect the energy. , where the information is processed and used in a variety of ways, including but not limited to, 4D plenoptic eye. , and retinal tracking or detection of interference within the propagated energy pattern, depth estimation, approximation, operation computerized analysis, including tracking, image, color, or acoustic information, or other energy frequency analysis In a further embodiment, the tracked position is captured bidirectionally. actively calculating the location of the energy based on interference between the acquired data and the projection information; Fix it.

[0083] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic sensor, a visible electromagnetic display, and an ultrasonic emitting device Multiple combinations of the three energy devices, including the device, are available, each with its own unique energy field. The processing characteristics, as well as the ultrasonic and electromagnetic energy, allow each device to direct and and other waveguide elements configured for focusing and separating energy regions. two engineered waveguide elements each configured to provide substantially unaffected capability; Each of the three first surfaces contains a single second energy relay surface. each of the three first relay surfaces that propagate the coupled energy; It is being done.

[0084] In some embodiments, the encoding / decoding technique and the calibrated configuration file are used to A dedicated integrated system is used to convert the data into calibration information suitable for energy propagation based on the Using efficient fabrication, removal of system artifacts, and the resulting energy surface A calibration procedure is disclosed that allows for the generation of a geometric mapping of

[0085] In some embodiments, a series of additional energy waveguides and one or more energy -Devices can be combined into one system to generate indistinct holographic pixels .

[0086] In some embodiments, additional waveguide elements may be energy suppression elements, beam splitters, integrated with a waveguide, prism, active parallax barrier, or polarization technology, provide greater spatial and / or angular resolution, or for other super-resolution purposes. It can be provided for this purpose.

[0087] In some embodiments, the disclosed energy system also includes a virtual reality (VR) Alternatively, it may be configured as a wearable interactive device such as an augmented reality (AR) device. In this form, the energy system is such that the displayed or received energy Adjusting optical element(s) to focus to the nearest point on a defined plane in space In some embodiments, the waveguide array may include a holographic In other embodiments, the system may be integrated into a head-mounted display. energy systems and real-world environments (e.g., transparent holographic displays) ) can be seen. can be presented as near field in addition to other ways.

[0088] In some embodiments, the transmission of data includes any dataset of information and metadata. It receives data, analyzes the data set, and extracts material properties, vectors, surface IDs, and more sparse data. Selectable or unselectable, which receives or allocates new pixel data to form a data set. It includes a coding process with variable compression ratio, where the received data is encoded in 2D, stereoscopic, Multiview, Metadata, Brightfield, Holographic, Geometric, Vector or It may contain vectorized metadata, and the encoder / decoder can handle 2D, 2D plus depth ,metadata, or other vectorized information, 3D, 3D plus depth, metadata , or other vectorized information, multiview, multiview plus depth, or image to other vectorized, holographic, or brightfield content. Real-time or offline data including processing, depth, with or without depth metadata The inverse ray tracing method can provide the ability to transform Through the 4D plenoptic function, various 2D, 3D, and multi- Back-ray tracing from view, volumetric, bright-field, or holographic data to real-world coordinates In these embodiments, the resulting transformed data is appropriately mapped. The desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the raw brightfield data set. do.

[0089] Selective propagation of energy in bright-field and holographic waveguide arrays FIG. 7 illustrates an energy guide operable to define multiple energy propagation paths 108. 1 illustrates a top perspective view of one embodiment of an energy waveguide system 100. 0 is configured to direct energy therethrough along multiple energy propagation paths 108. In one embodiment, the array 112 includes a plurality of energy waveguides configured as follows: The energy propagation path 108 passes through a plurality of energy locations 118 on a first side of the array 116. Extending through the second side of the array 114 .

[0090] 7 and 9H, in one embodiment, the plurality of energy propagation paths 108 The first subset 290 extends through the first energy location 122. The energy waveguide 104 includes a first subset 29 of a plurality of energy propagation paths 108. 1. The energy propagation path 120 is configured to direct energy along the first energy propagation path 120. The first energy propagation path 120 is connected to the first energy location 122 and the first energy The first optical path may be defined by a first chief ray 138 formed between the first optical path and the waveguide 104. The energy propagation path 120 includes a first energy location 122 and a first energy waveguide 123. 04, which may include light beams 138A and 138B formed between the by the first energy waveguide 104 along energy propagation paths 120A and 120B, The first energy propagation path 120 is a first energy guided wave. The first electrode 104 may extend from the first electrode 104 toward the second side of the array 114. Energy directed along energy propagation path 120 of energy propagation path 1 One or more energy propagation paths between or including 20A and 120B The propagation paths of the rays include the first chief ray 138 propagating through the second side surface 114. directed through the first energy waveguide 104 in a direction that is substantially parallel to the angle are.

[0091] Some embodiments may include a step of: - for the energy propagation paths 120A and 120B and the first chief ray 138 and configured to exit the first energy waveguide 104 in a direction substantially parallel to the first energy waveguide 104. The energy waveguide element 112 on the second side 114 is The propagation path may be estimated to include multiple energy propagation paths with substantially similar propagation directions.

[0092] FIG. 8 is a front view of an embodiment of the energy waveguide system 100. The energy propagation path 120 is determined by at least a first energy location 122. , in a unique direction 208 extending from the first energy waveguide 104 to the second side 11 of the array. The first energy waveguide 104 may extend toward the center of the optical axis 4. The first energy waveguide 104 may be defined by spatial coordinates 204. The unique direction 208 defined by at least the first energy location 122 can be , may be defined by an angular coordinate 206 that defines the direction of the first energy propagation path 120. The spatial coordinates 204 and the angular coordinates 206 are unique coordinates of the first energy propagation path 120. A four-dimensional plenoptic coordinate set 210 may be formed that defines the direction 208.

[0093] In one embodiment, the first energy propagation path 12 through the first energy waveguide 104 Energy directed along the first energy waveguide 104 passes through the first opening 134 of the first energy waveguide 104. substantially filled with the energy propagation paths 120A and 120B, and along one or more energy propagation paths that are parallel to the direction of the first energy propagation path 120. In one embodiment, one or more energy beams that substantially fill the first aperture 134 The propagation path may include more than 50% of the diameter of the first aperture 134.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, a first energy waveguide that substantially fills the first opening 134 Energy directed along a first energy propagation path 120 through 104 It may comprise 50% to 80% of the diameter of the opening 134 .

[0095] Referring again to Figures 7 and 9A-9H, in one embodiment, an energy waveguide system The system 100 limits the propagation of energy between the first side 116 and the second side 114. , energy waveguides positioned to suppress energy propagation between adjacent waveguides 112 The energy suppression element 124 may further comprise a first aperture. a first subset 290 of the plurality of energy propagation paths 108 that do not extend through 134 In one embodiment, the energy The energy suppression element 124 is connected to the array of energy waveguides 112 on the first side 116. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 12 4 has a second side 114 with a plurality of energy locations 118 and energy propagation paths 108. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 may be disposed between the first side 116 or a second side 114, an array of energy waveguides 112 or a plurality of energy positions The position can be arranged perpendicular to the position 118.

[0096] In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 120 is: directed along a second energy propagation path 126 through a second energy waveguide 128 The first and second energy propagation paths may be focused together. The third and fourth sides 114 of the first and second electrodes 116 may converge at a location 130 on the second side 114 of the second electrode 116. A fourth energy propagation path 140, 141 is also provided on the first side 116 of the array 112. The fifth and sixth energy propagation paths may converge at location 132. 142, 143 also define a position between the first and second sides 116, 114 of the array 112. Convergence can be achieved at position 136.

[0097] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system 100 is configured to direct the energy passing through it in an angular direction. structures configured to change the refractive index, e.g., refractive elements, diffractive elements, reflective elements, refractive index components, Fabric-type elements, holographic elements, or other optical elements, including at least one numerical aperture a structure configured to redirect energy away from at least one interior surface; The waveguide 112 may include structures for directing energy, such as optical relays, etc. a) refraction, diffraction, or reflection; b) single layer or composite multilayer elements; c) Holographic optical elements and digitally encoded optics; d) 3D printed elements, or lithographic masters or replicas; e) Fresnel lenses, diffraction gratings, zone plates, binary optical elements, f) retroreflective elements; g) fiber optics, total internal reflection, or Anderson localization; h) gradient index optics, or various index matching materials; i) Glass, polymer, gas, solid, liquid, j) acoustic waveguide; k) micro- and nanoscale devices; or l) Bidirectional energy directing structures such as polarizers, prisms, or beam splitters It should be appreciated that the composition may include any one or combination of the above materials.

[0098] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system propagates energy bidirectionally. In an embodiment, the energy waveguide is configured for the propagation of mechanical energy. In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is configured for the propagation of electromagnetic energy. In one embodiment, the energy waveguide element may include one or more structures within the energy waveguide element and the energy waveguide element. Intertwining, layering, and anti-reaction of suitable material properties within one or more layers comprising a duct system By projecting, combining, or otherwise supplying energy A waveguide is a device that allows mechanical, electromagnetic, and / or other forms of energy to propagate simultaneously. It is structured as follows:

[0099] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is defined in a 4D coordinate system as In one embodiment, the energy waveguide comprises: An anamorphic function is used to propagate the energy. In one embodiment, the waveguide comprises a plurality of elements along the energy propagation path. The fiber optic waveguide is formed directly from the polished surface of the fiber optic relay.

[0100] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system includes a material that exhibits transverse Anderson localization. In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system propagates hypersonic frequencies to create a three-dimensional The tactile sensation converges within the space.

[0101] 9A-9H illustrate various embodiments of the energy suppression element 124. For clarity, these embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes and in no way constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the scope of combinations or implementations provided within the scope.

[0102] FIG. 9A shows an energy suppression element 251 positioned adjacent to the surface of the energy location 118. and multiple energy modifiers, including specific refraction, diffraction, reflection, or other energy-altering properties. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the energy suppression element 251. By suppressing the propagation of energy along path 252, energy propagation path 290 may be configured to restrict a first subset of the propagation paths 253 to a narrower range. In an embodiment, the energy suppression element is an energy relay having a numerical aperture of less than 1. do.

[0103] FIG. 9B shows an energy suppression structure 254 positioned orthogonally between regions of energy position 118. The energy suppression structure 254 exhibits absorbing properties, and the energy suppression structure 254 The energy propagation path 255 is suppressed along the energy propagation path 256. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a plurality of energy locations 118 having a predetermined height. In one embodiment, the energy suppression structures 254 are hexagonal in shape. The energy suppression structure 254 is circular. In one embodiment, the energy suppression structure 254 The shape or size along any direction of the path is non-uniform. The suppression structure 254 is embedded within another structure that has additional properties.

[0104] FIG. 9C shows a first energy suppression structure 257 suppressing energy 25 propagating therethrough. 9 substantially in a first state. The second energy suppression structure 258 suppresses the energy that is substantially oriented in the first state. allows energy 259 to propagate through it, resulting in a state that is substantially different from the first state. In one embodiment, the ion beam is configured to limit the propagation of energy 260 directed in this manner. The energy suppression elements 257, 258 are a pair of energy polarizing elements. The energy suppression elements 257, 258 are a pair of energy wave bandpass elements. In FIG. 2, the energy suppression elements 257, 258 are diffractive waveguide pairs.

[0105] FIG. 9D illustrates which of the plurality of energy locations 118 passes through the energy propagation path 26 Depending on how the energy propagation path 263 extends, the energy 2 illustrates one embodiment of a plurality of energy locations 118 in which a suppression element 261 is configured. The energy suppression element 261 is configured to suppress specific energy propagation paths 262. The energy propagation path 263 is changed uniformly or non-uniformly along the energy propagation path 263. The energy suppression structure 254 can be orthogonal between the regions of the energy position 118. The energy suppression structure 254 is arranged such that it exhibits absorbing properties. is applied to the energy propagation path 263 so that a specific energy propagation path 262 is suppressed. In one embodiment, the suppression element 261 is a field lens. In one embodiment, suppression element 261 is a diffractive waveguide. 61 is the curved waveguide surface.

[0106] FIG. 9E illustrates an energy suppression element 264 that provides absorption properties to suppress the propagation of energy 266. of the plurality of energy locations 118 that allow other propagation paths 267 to pass while restricting To illustrate one embodiment.

[0107] FIG. 9F shows a first energy suppression structure 268 suppressing energy 27 propagating therethrough. a plurality of energy locations 118 configured to orient the 0 substantially in a first state; 1 illustrates one embodiment of a second energy suppression structure and a plurality of energy waveguides 112. 271 is a conductor through which energy 270, which is substantially oriented in a first state, propagates. and a state of energy 269 oriented substantially differently from the first state. The system is configured to limit stray energy propagation, as exemplified by stray energy propagation 272. To further control energy propagation through the system, energy suppression structures 268, 271 is a composite energy source to ensure that the energy propagation maintains the correct propagation path. - May require a suppression element.

[0108] FIG. 9G illustrates an energy suppression element 276 that provides absorption properties to suppress the energy propagation path 27 8 while restricting the propagation of energy along other energy paths 277. The energy is directed through a pair of energy waveguides for an effective aperture 284 in the array of waveguides 112. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a plurality of energy locations 118 that allow the energy to pass through 112. In one embodiment, energy suppression element 276 comprises black chrome. In one embodiment, energy suppression element 276 comprises an absorptive material. The suppression element 276 includes a transparent pixel array. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 276 includes anodized materials.

[0109] FIG. 9H shows a first energy suppression structure 251 adjacent to the surface of energy location 118. and multiple energies arranged in a circular array, each of which has specific refraction, diffraction, reflection, or other energy-altering properties. 1 illustrates an embodiment including an energy location 118 and multiple energy waveguides 112. The energy suppression structure 251 suppresses the propagation of energy along the energy propagation path 274. By controlling the energy propagation path 290, the first subset of energy propagation paths 290 is restricted to a narrower range of propagation. The second energy suppression structure 261 may be configured to restrict the energy Depending on which of the plurality of energy locations 118 the energy propagation path 275 extends through, In response, the energy propagation path 275 is configured to be changed to some extent. The control structure 261 controls the energy propagation so that a specific energy propagation path 274 is suppressed. The path 275 can be uniformly or non-uniformly modified. 4 is positioned orthogonally between the regions of energy position 118. Energy suppression structure 2 54 exhibits absorption properties and directs energy so that certain energy propagation paths 274 are suppressed. - has a defined height along the propagation path 275. The energy suppression element 276 Provides properties that restrict the propagation of energy 280 while allowing energy 281 to pass through A composite system of similar or dissimilar waveguide elements 112 may be used to reduce the effective waveguide element aperture. 285 is substantially filled with energy from multiple energy positions 118, The beam is positioned to alter the propagation path 273 of the energy defined by the beam.

[0110] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 attenuates or reduces the energy propagation path. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 may include a structure for conducting Positioned within the system to limit the propagation of energy to or from the waveguide 112. In one embodiment, the energy absorbing element may include one or more energy absorbing elements or walls positioned The energy suppression element 124 reduces the angular distribution of energy into or out of the waveguide 112. To limit this, a specified numerical aperture may be included located within the system 100 .

[0111] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 may comprise one or more energy blocking walls, structures, Metal, plastic, glass, epoxy, pigments, liquids, display technology, or other absorbent materials The plane of the energy locations 122 may be spaced apart from the pitch of the waveguide aperture. The determined thickness between the waveguide array plane and the air gap or structure below Has.

[0112] In one embodiment, the energy suppression structure 124 is adjacent to the first energy location 122. and an optical relay faceplate adjacent to the first energy location 122. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 comprises one or more spatially coherent or or an optical relay faceplate with a variable numerical aperture, the numerical aperture being determined by the waveguide 11. This significantly limits the angular distribution of energy to and from the 2. Embodiments may utilize energy The position of the effective waveguide element size, entrance pupil, aperture center, or energy propagation Twice or nearly twice the field of view formed between the perpendicular position and other physical parameters The angle distribution may be designed to provide an angular distribution where:

[0113] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 restricts the path of the energy wave through the system. Binary, gradient refractive index, and other refractive index modifications to reduce scattering, diffusion, stray light, or chromatic aberrations , Fresnel, holographic optical elements, zone plates, or other diffractive optical elements. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 may be It may contain surrounding positive or negative optical elements, where the energy propagation path is changed to create a waveguide. This further increases the fill factor of the opening 134 or reduces stray light. The energy suppression element 124 is located at the energy location 122, within a defined area of ​​the waveguide aperture 134. designed to provide spatially or temporally multiplexed attenuation of a region or other region. The polarizing element may include an active or passive polarizing element combined with a second active or passive polarizing element. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 124 is located at the energy location 122, the waveguide aperture 1 34 defined regions, or other regions, providing spatially or temporally multiplexed attenuation. In one embodiment, the aperture barrier may include an active or passive aperture stop designed to provide a The energy suppression element 124 may be any one of the following, or any combination thereof: They often include: a) a physical energy baffle structure; b) volumetric, tapered or faceted mechanical structures; c) aperture stop or mask, d) Optical relays and controlled numerical apertures; e) refraction, diffraction, or reflection; f) retroreflective elements; g) single layer or composite multilayer elements; h) holographic optical elements and digital encoding optics; i) 3D printed elements, or lithographic masters or replicas; j) Fresnel lenses, diffraction gratings, zone plates, binary optical elements, k) fiber optics, total internal reflection, or Anderson localization; l) gradient index optics or various index matching materials; m) Glass, polymer, gas, solid, liquid, n) milli-, micro- and nanoscale elements, and o) a polarizer, prism, or beam splitter.

[0114] In one embodiment, the energy suppression structure 124 comprises an air gap tapered along the Z axis. and as the aperture stop position relative to the waveguide system is reached, an air gap is formed. It can be constructed to include hexagonal dense energy blocking baffles of decreasing size. In an embodiment, the energy suppression structure 124 is a hexagonal shaped element bonded to the optical relay faceplate. In another embodiment, the energy blocking baffle may be constructed to include a dense energy blocking baffle. The suppression structure 124 is a hexagonal dense energy blocking baffle filled with a prescribed refractive index. to direct the path of the energy wave projection into the energy waveguide array, or Further modifications can be made therefrom. In another embodiment, the diffractive or refractive element is Using the waveguide definition, the energy blocking baffle may be positioned, attached, or coupled to the baffle. 112. In another example, the energy suppression structure 124 may be formed into a single mechanical assembly. The energy waveguide array 112 may be constructed by assembling energy suppression elements 124. Other embodiments may be utilized to provide other energy It should be appreciated that this may enable optical waveguide configurations or super-resolution considerations.

[0115] In one embodiment, the energy suppression structure 124 is adjacent to the first energy location 122. and may extend generally toward the first energy waveguide 104. the energy suppression structure 124 is disposed proximate to the first energy waveguide 104; It may extend generally toward the first energy location 122.

[0116] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element is configured to suppress electromagnetic energy. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic energy may be defined by a wavelength, the wavelength being within the visible spectrum. It belongs to a regime selected from the group consisting of light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, or X-rays.

[0117] In one embodiment, the energy restraining element is configured to restrain mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the mechanical energy may be defined by a pressure wave, the wave being It can be one of the following: tactile waves, acoustic sound vibrations, or ultrasound.

[0118] In one embodiment, one or more structures within the energy suppression element and the energy waveguide Intertwining, layering, and anti-interlacing of suitable material properties within one or more layers of the system. By projecting, combining, or otherwise supplying energy Suppression elements simultaneously attenuate mechanical, electromagnetic, and / or other forms of energy It is structured as follows.

[0119] In one embodiment, the array of energy waveguides may be planar or curved in shape to any desired shape. FIG. 13 shows an energy waveguide 110 arranged in a curved configuration. FIG. 11 is an illustrative diagram of an embodiment 1100 featuring an array of two.

[0120] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in a variety of applications across the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, x-rays, etc. The present disclosure may be configured to direct energy of any wavelength that It may also be configured to direct other forms of energy such as dynamic and tactile waves.

[0121] FIG. 10 is an illustrative diagram of an additional embodiment of an energy waveguide system 300. The energy waveguide system 300 may define a plurality of energy propagation paths 304, and the reflector elements a reflector element 314 including a first reflector 306 disposed on a first side 310 of the reflector element 314; The first reflector 306 may have one or more aperture stops 316 formed therethrough, and and a second reflector 308 disposed on a second side 312 of the reflector element 314, The first and second reflectors 308 include one or more aperture stops 318 formed therethrough. The first and second reflectors 306, 308 are aperture stops of the first and second reflectors 316, 318. , and through a plurality of energy locations 320 on the first side 310 of the reflector element 314 configured to direct energy along a plurality of extending energy propagation paths 304. A first subset 322 of the plurality of energy propagation paths 304 is The reflector element 314 extends through the energy propagation paths 30. 4 along a first energy propagation path 326 of a first subset 322 of It is configured to direct the

[0122] In one embodiment, the first energy propagation path 326 is connected to the first energy location 324. , a first chief ray 338 formed between the first reflector 306 and the first aperture stop 328 The first energy propagation path 326 can be defined by the first reflector 308. A specific direction extends from the aperture stop 330 towards the second side 312 of the reflector element 314. Therefore, the second reflector 308 may extend from the first aperture stop 330, and its specific direction may be slightly different. It is determined by at least the first energy position 324.

[0123] In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 326 is: The first aperture stop 328 of the first reflector 306 and the first aperture stop of the second reflector 308 The cavity 330 is substantially filled.

[0124] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 332 is a first aperture stop of the first reflector 306. a first subset 322 of the plurality of energy propagation paths 304 that does not extend through 328 350. The axial direction of the ...

[0125] The energy is light and the energy waveguide directs the light using a perfect parabolic structure. In one embodiment, the light source is operable to pass through or at the focal point of the first reflector. Any light rays passing through the second reflector will be reflected parallel to the optical axis and reflected away from the second reflector. and then relayed in the opposite orientation at the same angle.

[0126] In one embodiment, the first reflector and the second reflector provide different magnifications of the energy information. and / or a viewer views the reflected information from above the surface of the second reflector. Sometimes they have different focal lengths to change the angular field of view. Depending on the distance, they can be of different sizes for various design purposes.

[0127] Whether both reflective surfaces are conical, faceted, or curved in a nonlinear shape; or other shapes. This curvature design is The ray information and visibility information may have a nonlinear relationship to modify or simplify signal processing. This is important to ensure that

[0128] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide dynamically changes its reflective surface profile to Flexibility that allows for varying the propagation path of energy through the energy waveguide system Includes reflective surfaces.

[0129] In one embodiment, the optical element may include, but is not limited to, a reflective or optical element, a birefringent material, a liquid lens, Additional waveguides, including diffractive, refractive, holographic, etc., may be used to guide the energy propagation path. Using this approach, one such embodiment may be able to The field angle is at a significantly different position than the aperture stop, and the focal length provides otherwise. Figure 11 demonstrates one such application of this approach.

[0130] 11 is an illustrative diagram of one embodiment of an energy waveguide system 700. The waveguide system 700 includes first and second reflectors 702 and 704, respectively. At the focal point of the second reflector 702, an additional optical element 706 and an energy location 70 An energy suppressor 707 is positioned perpendicular to the optical axis 8. Influence the energy propagation path of the energy propagating through the energy waveguide system 700. Additional waveguide elements are designed to be included within the energy waveguide system 700. An additional energy waveguide system may be included or positioned in the energy propagation path. obtain.

[0131] In one embodiment, the array of energy waveguide elements comprises: a) hexagonal packing of an array of energy waveguides; b) a square packing of an array of energy waveguides; c) irregular or semi-regular packing of the array of energy waveguides; d) curved or non-planar arrays of energy waveguides; e) a spherical array of energy waveguides; f) a cylindrical array of energy waveguides; g) a regular, tilted array of energy waveguides; h) a tilted irregular array of energy waveguides; i) a spatially varying array of energy waveguides; j) a multi-layer array of energy waveguides.

[0132] FIG. 12 shows the square packing 901, hexagonal packing 902, and the array of energy waveguide elements. 02 and irregular packing 903.

[0133] The energy waveguide may be made of glass or glass, specifically to include an optical relay element as needed. may be fabricated on a plastic substrate, specifically and desirably to include an optical relay. , glass or plastic optical elements. Designs that provide multiple propagation paths or other column / row or checkerboard orientations The optical fiber may be faceted for optical fiber applications, including but not limited to beam splitters or prisms. Separated by plates or allowing for tiled or single monolithic plates tiled or curved arrangements (e.g., resulting in mating tiled or curved waveguide configurations) tiled into a faceted cylinder or sphere that gives the shape a geometric variation Multiple propagation paths, including but not limited to spherical and cylindrical shapes, or as required for a particular application. Curved surfaces, including any other arbitrary geometric shape, are specifically contemplated.

[0134] In one embodiment where the array of energy waveguides comprises a curved configuration, the curved waveguides are The optical relay elements may be fabricated through a flexible substrate or by direct fabrication onto a curved surface such as a glass substrate.

[0135] In one embodiment, an array of energy waveguides may be adjacent to other waveguides, depending on the particular application. Depending on the application, the waveguide may cover the entire wall and / or ceiling and / or room. The waveguide can be designed explicitly to be mounted above or below the energy surface. The offset may be designed to fit together or may be offset using an air gap or other offset medium. The waveguide can be either a permanent fixture or a reference element, either active or passive. It may include an alignment device that provides the ability to passively focus on a plane. The purpose of this is to help optimize the viewing angle defined by the normals of the waveguide elements and the displayed image. For very large energy surfaces, the corners at the left and right edges of the surface The majority of the sample is outside the visible volume, primarily to the environment. For that same energy surface with a curved waveguide, more of these propagating rays can be used. The ability to form a convergence volume using the The specificity of the application in the design is generally Furthermore, the waveguide may be regular, stepped, or can be designed with regional element structures, which, together with additional waveguide elements, The element is fabricated in a manner that tilts the element toward a predetermined waveguide axis.

[0136] In embodiments where the energy waveguide is a lens, the embodiment may include convex and concave small lenses. This may involve both a lens-type lens and fabricating a lens directly on the surface of the optical relay. requires a destructive or additive lenslet manufacturing process and requires a Material removal and lenslet profiles or direct replicas manufactured directly on this surface May contain rica.

[0137] One embodiment is a multi-layer waveguide design that provides additional energy propagation optimization and angle control. All of the above embodiments may be used alone or in conjunction with this approach. In one embodiment, a tilted waveguide structure on the first waveguide element and a tilted waveguide structure on the second waveguide element may be provided. Multilayer designs with regionally varying structures for the waveguide elements can be envisaged.

[0138] One embodiment is a liquid lens per element or per region bonded together as a single waveguide. This involves the design and fabrication of the waveguide. Additional design work on this technique involves the entire waveguide array. This design includes a single birefringent or liquid lens waveguide cell that can simultaneously correct for The system dynamically controls the effective waveguide parameters of the system without redesigning the waveguide. Provide capabilities.

[0139] Any combination of the disclosures presented herein may be used to direct light. In one embodiment, wall-mounted 2D, bright field, or holographic displays are generated. This wall-mounted configuration allows the viewer to mount the display either in front of or behind the designed display surface. This technique allows you to see a floating image in the direction of the light. The angular distribution of the light can be uniform or can be arbitrarily distributed in space depending on the specific display requirements. In this way, the waveguide can be formed by the surface process. It is possible to configure the angular distribution to change as a function of the file. For a given distance perpendicular to the display surface and the planar waveguide array, optically perfect The waveguides have increasing ray separation distances along a given perpendicular distance to the display. This will increase the density in the vertical center of the screen. When viewing rays radially around the display, maintaining the distance between the center point of the ray In this case, the perceived light rays will maintain a consistent density across the entire field of view. Depending on the viewing conditions, the waveguide function can be modified to generate any potential ray distribution, and such any The properties of each element can be optimized to optimize the viewing experience for a given environment.

[0140] FIG. 14 shows a single waveguide element function 1202 extending across a radial viewing environment 1206. An example of an embodiment 1200 highlighting how an identical distribution of energy 1204 can be generated. 12. The same waveguide element function 1202 is constant with respect to the waveguide surface 1210, and parallel to the waveguide element center 12 As the density at 12 increases and moves further away from the center 1212 of the waveguide surface, the density would appear to decrease.

[0141] FIG. 15 shows that the waveguide element function 1302 is parallel to the waveguide surface 1306 at a certain distance 1 13 is an illustrative diagram of an embodiment 1300 illustrating a configuration exhibiting uniform density at 304; The uniform density of the field is measured around a radius 1308 around the center of the waveguide surface 1306. At the same time, a smaller apparent density is produced at the center 1310 of the waveguide surface 1306. Complete.

[0142] To generate a waveguide function that varies the sampling frequency over the field distance The ability to do this is a distortion characteristic of various waveguides and is known in the art. Although it is undesirable to include distortion in the waveguide function, for the purpose of waveguide element design, All of these allow for further control and optimization of the energy propagation depending on the specific viewing volume required. It is a property that is claimed as an advantage to the ability to distribute and manage. Depending on the waveguide array, multiple functions or multiple layers or functions may be It may be necessary to add a gradient of numbers.

[0143] In one embodiment, the functions are energy surfaces and / or waveguide arrays. The curved surface of the energy surface can be further optimized by the method of the chief ray angle relative to the energy surface itself. Variations in the line can further increase efficiency and may require a different function than the plane, but the waveguide function The gradient, variation, and / or optimization still apply.

[0144] Furthermore, the optimized waveguide array obtained by considering the waveguide stitching methodology By utilizing this, the effective length of the waveguide can be increased by tiling each of the waveguides and the system. The size can be further increased to produce any desired size or shape factor. A waveguide array is a reflective, mechanically Apparent contrast differences at seams or non-square lattice packing schemes Note that the energy surface may exhibit different seam artifacts depending on the intended formation. To counteract this effect, a larger single waveguide can be created. , an index-matching material can be utilized between the edges of any two surfaces, or regular waveguiding A waveguide grating structure can be used to ensure that no element is split between the two waveguide surfaces, and / or energy suppression elements and the precise joints along the non-square waveguide grating structure. Any suitable cut may be utilized.

[0145] This technique allows for room-scale 2D, bright-field, and / or holographic imaging. These displays can be large flat or bay displays. It can be seamless across curved walls and can be generated to cover all walls with cubes, and The OLEDs are produced in a curved configuration that forms a cylindrical or spherical shape, increasing the viewing angle efficiency of the entire system. It can be done.

[0146] Alternatively, the transmitted energy can be distorted to provide a desired beam within the required viewing angle. The waveguide function is set by virtually removing the non-uniform area, which results in an uneven distribution of energy propagation. To achieve this, a torus-shaped optical plate is used. Loffile, annular lens, concentric lens array, Fresnel or diffraction function, binary, refraction , holographic, and / or enable larger apertures and shorter focal lengths (in this specification, "referred to as a Fresnel microlens"), and provide the ability to actually form a single or multi-element ( or multiple sheets) Fresnel waveguide array. Any other waveguide design that can be implemented may be implemented. This may or may not be combined with additional optical systems including additional waveguide arrays, depending on the waveguide configuration.

[0147] To generate a wide energy propagation angle (e.g., 180 degrees), a very low effective F number (e.g., <f / 0.5) is required, and to ensure that 4D "disk flipping" does not occur (the ability of a ray of light from one waveguide to look at the undesirable energy position of any second waveguide element), it is further necessary that the focal length can be appropriately approximately matched to the required viewing angle. This means that to generate an approximately 160-degree viewing volume , an approximately f / 0.17 lens and an approximately matched focal length of 0.17 mm are required.

[0148] FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment 1400 in which a plurality of energy waveguides include a diffractive waveguide element 1402, while simultaneously directing rays of energy to an explicitly defined position 1406, demonstrating one proposed structure for a modified Fresnel waveguide element structure 1404 that generates a substantially very short focal length and a low f-number.

[0149] FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment 1500 in which a plurality of energy waveguides include an element 1502. , how such a waveguide configuration 1506 can be used in an array to provide a desired viewing volume 150 It demonstrates how it provides the total density of ray propagation for 4.

[0150] A further embodiment of the proposed modified waveguide configuration is a ring with a diameter X. Either transversely or longitudinally oriented, with the refractive index divided by a predetermined amount of pitch. along either or both of them, radial symmetry or spiral rings, or The present invention provides a method for generating a gradient of one or more materials, where X can be constant or variable.

[0151] In a further embodiment, the equal or non-linear distribution of all rays is achieved by wall-mounting and and / or modified waveguide configurations for table-mounted waveguide structures, as well as multiple of any room or environment based on a waveguide structure where the waveguides are tiled. It is generated regardless of whether it exists or not.

[0152] Using a waveguide array, the display can be positioned at a location that is not located on the surface of the display itself. It is possible to generate a plane of projected light that converges in space at By ray tracing, the geometric shapes involved and the convergent rays are determined within the screen (viewing both off-screen (away from the viewer) and off-screen (towards the viewer), or both You can clearly see how a plane can appear at the same time as a traditional wave guy. As you move away from the viewer on a flat panel display with a dot array design, The plane tends to grow with the cone of its perspective, depending on the number of contributing illumination sources. It can become obstructed by the physical frame of the display itself. However, the image is projected towards the viewer on a flat panel display with a traditional waveguide array design. As the viewer moves, the plane tends to shrink along with the frustum of the viewpoint, Visible from all angles at a particular position as long as it is at an angle that shows energy to the eye The virtual plane may extend beyond the angle created between the viewer and the active display area. It never moves.

[0153] In one embodiment, the viewed 2D image or images are shown off-screen. In another embodiment, the viewed 2D image or images are shown in a screen. In another embodiment, the viewed 2D image or images may be displayed on a screen and / or In another embodiment, the viewed 2D image or multiple The image may be shown in combination with other three-dimensional elements or with other graphic designs or In yet another embodiment, the text is displayed as a character for interactive reasons. The 2D image or images obtained have a higher effectiveness than the physical number of X and Y waveguide elements. This is shown with effective 2D resolution, and the ability of light rays to converge at a higher density in space than physical elements. I would suggest otherwise.

[0154] The novelty of this technique is the possibility of stereoscopic imaging as well as the generation of extremely high-resolution 2D images. It is entirely possible to fabricate a holographic display that produces , resulting in seamless transitions between 2D and 3D images, or other interesting Additional mechanical or electronic manipulations are performed on the waveguides within the display to create the effect. No devices or modifications required.

[0155] This feature allows you to programmatically isolate a particular lighting source and display it as This allows for showing to the viewer that certain features are only visible at specific angles.

[0156] In one embodiment, a single pixel or group of pixels forms a triangle relative to the viewer's eyes. An image illuminated under each waveguide element at an angle and visible only to the viewer from that position in space. Shows.

[0157] In another embodiment, a second illumination source or group of illumination sources is shown simultaneously and only a second viewer can see the illumination source or groups of illumination sources. The image is triangular with the invisible position and is the same as the first image shown to the first viewer. For the avoidance of doubt, this means that there are X addressable viewpoints where X represents the number of individually addressable viewpoints, which may be one or more. are.

[0158] In another embodiment, these images are captured by tracking sensors such as eyes, retinas, objects, etc., and the like, as well as by the technology. The illuminated pixel locations are dynamically changed according to algorithms known in the art to allow for visual recognition. The image is dynamically displayed at a position that forms a triangle between the user and the pixel under each waveguide element. It can be applied to one or more viewers. Tracking can be done as a 2D process or in 3D / stereoscopic mode. This may be achieved as a process or using other depth sensing techniques known in the art.

[0159] In one embodiment, the profiles of both the first region and the second region are parabolic. , the focus of the first region is located at the vertex of the second region, and the focus of the second region is located at the vertex of the first region. The display surface is located in an opening at the vertex of the second region, and the diameter of the display surface is An equal opening is shown at the apex of the second region located at the apex of the first region. Using this method, the display surface image appears to float above the surface without any physical surface. Then, a ray viewed from an off-axis viewpoint passing through the focus of the second region is outside the surface of the first area and not parallel to the first surface, then at the same angle from the viewing position, The light is reflected in the opposite direction from the area to the display surface.

[0160] In one embodiment, two reflective regions, each having a focal point located at the apex of the alternating reflector, are provided. A display surface located at the vertices of the second region, and a first region located at the vertex of the display surface that generates a virtual image of the display surface. The aperture is equal to the diameter of the display surface shown. If a holographic or bright field display is used, the image viewed will be It not only retains the properties of physical data, but also appears to float in space without a physical display surface. It may look like this.

[0161] In another embodiment, the focus positions of the two regions are different to produce a magnified or reduced image. In a second embodiment, the regions have matching focal lengths and are used to project virtual images with increased magnification. To produce a 3D image, the focal length is offset by a distance greater than the focal length.

[0162] In another embodiment, a parabolic profile is manufactured to fit a particular shape, The resulting shape of the image differs from the position seen from the display, depending on the geometry of the various display surfaces. The optical system may be configured to accommodate optical shapes, geometric shapes, or other required viewing angles or conditions.

[0163] In another embodiment, the region is not a single surface, but rather a faceted region that directs light rays. It contains multiple facets to propagate separately.

[0164] In another embodiment, the reflective surface is a CRA of the energy plane applied to one or more surfaces. The curvature is formed in the energy relay, so that the viewing angle exceeds the possible range. The first surface, which would otherwise be a reflecting surface, has a particular geometric profile and acts as a guided wave. the second surfaces at alternating ends of the path elements have a particular geometric profile; Cumulatively, the surfaces reflect energy from the viewer's position and The addition of an energy surface panel may be implemented, thereby making it visible from the viewer's direct position. It provides incomprehensible energy information but is reflected by one or more reflective surfaces and ultimately by the visible device. energy through an associated calibration process required to calculate the reflected image data corresponding to the - May provide information indirectly.

[0165] 4D Energy Field Package Assembly Large display surface for 4D energy projection system, resolution and seams included The relay element embodiments of the present disclosure present several challenges, including but not limited to: Reducing or eliminating the perception of seams in 4D energy projections in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure The four-dimensional (4D) energy field package assembly of the present disclosure may enable embodiments. Mumbri also noted that some embodiments reduce the seams of the 4D energy system. or may be eliminated, and may be used in place of or in cooperation with the relay elements of the present disclosure. In some embodiments of the 4D energy field package of the present disclosure, An additional possible benefit is that the modular structure allows for easier display The wall can be constructed and maintained.

[0166] Traditional 2D video walls have seams that can negatively impact the viewer experience. Individual display units are assembled into larger wall-sized displays. The spacing between display units in a wall-sized display is at a regular visual distance. A readily visible line or seam appears in the display.

[0167] FIG. 18A illustrates one technique for partially mitigating the visibility of seam gaps in LED video walls. In such a device, the LED18002A that generates the light source for the display is reduced. The LED 18002A is enclosed in a black housing 18004A. 4A is created by the space between adjacent display units (not shown in FIG. 18A). The seam can be larger than the black area 18004 between the LEDs 18002A. A, thereby creating the appearance of a seamless display surface. .

[0168] Figure 18B further illustrates this technique. and a second LED panel 18004B. Each panel has an equal LED package width of 1 The LED package includes three LED packages 18006B and 8008B. 18006B includes diode 18010B and black area 18012B. The width of the actual LED diode 18010B in the cage 18006B is shown as 18011B The gap between the LED panels 18002B and 18004B is shown as 180014B. By introducing sufficient average space between the individual lighting elements 18010B, The LED panels 18002B and 18004B are mounted together without any noticeable gaps. On the other hand, it is necessary to introduce seams while still providing sufficient resolution when viewed from a sufficiently far distance. It is possible.

[0169] The effect of the technique shown in FIG. 18B is sufficient when viewed from a sufficiently far distance, but These video walls are extremely labor intensive to manufacture. Highest density commercially available today The LEDs are approximately 0.9 mm in size, which is a lot smaller than the pixels achievable in silicon media. It's a huge number.

[0170] FIG. 19 shows various pixel patterns created using a silicon-mediated process. The patterns shown cannot be seamless due to their high density. The illustrated embodiment of the device uses lower resolution microscopy images distributed evenly around a larger surface. This may allow for the utilization of a cross-display (or other energy device). In embodiments, each display may include one or more waveguides as well as an independent set of 4D This structure allows for the individual energy devices to be implemented as functions. The dark areas surrounding the 4D function (corresponding to a "diode") are accommodated, resulting in a higher density of lower resolution 4D functions. This allows for the manufacture of arrays with smaller seams between adjacent panels than traditional video walls. It is less visible than the conventional method, while not requiring a custom energy relay system. This allows the system to provide a resolution that can be easily achieved.

[0171] Figure 20 shows a diagram of a system that directs energy provided from multiple energy locations according to a 4D function. 2 shows an embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly 20000 for In FIG. 20, the electronic circuit 20002 includes an energy source system 20113, A series of modules including one or more waveguides 20006 and optionally an expanded aperture waveguide 20008. In one embodiment, the modular 4D energy field package 20014 may be operated. Each energy source system 20113 may provide energy to one or more energy locations 20 005. The energy from each energy location 20005 is Received by the waveguide 20006 and directed at least partially to the location of the energy location 20005. The two energy propagation paths 20010 associated with each energy propagation path 20010 can be projected at angles corresponding to the There are angular coordinates, and each waveguide 20006 in each energy field package is The coordinates may be identified and together these may form a 4D coordinate set. As a result, each energy field package 20014 has a This will contain 4D energy field coordinates for multiple energy field patterns. Package 20014 can be used to create a 4D energy field display according to the present disclosure. It can be formed.

[0172] In one embodiment, the 4D energy field package assembly 20000 includes One side of the energy waveguide of the Joule-type 4D energy field package (e.g. In another embodiment, the 4D energy field includes an expanded waveguide disposed on the first side of the 4D energy field. The Field Package Assembly 20000 consists of a modular 4D energy field an expanded waveguide disposed on an opposite side (e.g., a second side) of the package to the energy waveguide; Includes roads.

[0173] In some embodiments, the energy source system 20113 outputs energy a plurality of energy sources 20, which may be any source known in the art configured to In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 20005 is co-located with the energy source 20004. In other embodiments, one or more The energy locations 20005 above may be located on the surface of the energy source 20004. In some embodiments, the energy source system 20113 may be configured to transmit the energy from the energy source through a relay. 3, directing energy from 310 to a plurality of energy locations on the relay surface 350. As will be appreciated, the energy source system may further include a relay system as shown in FIG. System 20113 may be used in conjunction with other types of systems discussed elsewhere in this disclosure and known in the art. Unless otherwise noted, the energy source system 201 All 13 embodiments may be combined with any embodiment of the 3D printing system of the present disclosure. As will be appreciated, different embodiments may utilize electromagnetic, mechanical, or acoustic energy. Different types of energy may be utilized, including but not limited to:

[0174] Figure 21 shows four adjacent panels 21006, 21008, 21010, and 210 12. One embodiment of a 4D energy field package assembly 21000 Panels 21006, 21008, 21010, and 21012 show at least Multiple modular 4D energy field packages with one boundary 21004 In one embodiment, the boundary 21004 may include a boundary 21002 between the mechanical envelopes. Increased separation and adjacent panels 21006, 21008, 21010, and 2101 21. In FIG. 21, the black area 21004 may be configured to reduce the seam between the two. , the package width is shown as 21014, while the smaller 4D function width 21016 (essentially essentially a "diode" or energy waveguide, but with holographic resolution ) is shown. Dashed line 21018 indicates panels 21006, 21008, 21010, and 21012 shows an exaggerated effective seam gap 21018 between the

[0175] In some embodiments, the 4D energy field package assembly 2 of the present disclosure The 1000 consists of multiple modular 4D energy fields formed in different shapes and sizes. Multiple modular 4D energy fields may be included. The dock package 21002 can be used in different environments or Different configurations of 4D energy field package assembly 21000 for different applications It may be configured to allow

[0176] In some embodiments, the boundary 21004 is attached to a common mount 21001. When multiple modular 4D energy field packages 21002 are installed, In other embodiments, the plurality of energy waveguides are arranged to uniformly separate each other. At least one element of the modular 4D energy field package 21002 The distance between the energy waveguides can prevent seams in the 4D energy field. In some other embodiments, the plurality of 4D energy field packages 21002 include: Attaches to Mount 21001 and contains the Modular 4D Energy Field Package 2 A grid of 1000 can be formed.

[0177] Figure 22 shows the energy emitting components of the modular 4D energy field package. Component 22000. In one embodiment, each modular 4D energy The field package contains the energy potential needed to generate the energy field. In different embodiments, the power supply 22002 includes a plurality of energy sources that provide energy to the power supply 22002. The energy source may include different types of sources. In one embodiment, the energy source is LE In other embodiments, the energy source may be an OLED, an AMOLED, a TOLED, DS, or other sources known in the art. In some embodiments, one Over 100 different energy sources are available in each modular 4D energy field package. In one embodiment, multiple modular 4D energy field packages may be used. The present invention provides a modular design in which each or some of the packages may utilize different types of energy sources. This may include a modular 4D energy field package, e.g., generating electromagnetic energy. In other examples, mechanical or acoustic energy sources 22002 may be employed. In yet some other embodiments, an energy source may be utilized that produces, among other things: Energy sources capable of generating electromagnetic, mechanical, or acoustic energy 22002 Unless otherwise stated, the different embodiments of the energy source of the present disclosure are , and all the different embodiments of the 4D energy field package assembly of the present disclosure. They can be combined.

[0178] In one embodiment, the modular 4D energy field package includes multiple energy The energy from the energy location 22002 is guided to the first side 22 of the energy waveguide 22004. 006 through a plurality of energy locations 22002 and through the waveguide opening 22020 along a plurality of energy propagation paths extending along the first side of the energy waveguide 22004. to direct the energy from the surface 22006 to the second side 22008 of the energy waveguide 22004. , energy waveguide 22004. For example, energy location 22002A may include a waveguide The energy light is directed to the propagation path 22028 on the other side 22008 of the waveguide 22004. The propagation path 22028 generates the energy line 22010 across the aperture 22020. 22026A and 22026B. In one embodiment, the propagation path 22028 may substantially fill the opening 22020. Although FIG. 22 shows only one energy propagation path 20028, embodiments of the present disclosure 22004, many additional propagation paths extend through the waveguide 22004 from additional energy locations. In other words, it will be understood that multiple energy positions There may be multiple energy propagation paths 22028 extending from 22002. In some implementations, one propagation path 22028 may extend from each source location 22002. In an embodiment, each modular 4D energy field package includes an energy waveguide. at least in part by the location of energy position 22002 relative to the location of 22004 Thousands of energy positions 22002 and thousands of corresponding propagations with directions that can be determined. It may include path 22028.

[0179] In some embodiments, each modular 4D energy field package may include a different Different types of waveguides 22004 may be used. A different type of waveguide 22004 may be required for different types of electromagnetic energy fields. Embodiments that project a light include a lens configured to direct electromagnetic energy. Similarly, embodiments that project mechanical energy may utilize a mechanical 22004, which is configured to direct electromagnetic energy. The energy and mechanical energy projecting embodiments include mechanical energy, electromagnetic energy, and The optical fiber 22004 may include a waveguide 22004 configured to direct either or both of the energies. Any of the waveguide structures described elsewhere in this disclosure may include, among other things, lenses and reflective elements. 9-11 and 13-16, which include a waveguide 22004 having 4D energy field packages, including but not limited to waveguide structures In some embodiments, different waveguides may be used in the assembly. 22004 covers all different implementations of the 4D energy field package assembly. It can be combined with the state.

[0180] In one embodiment of the 4D energy field package assembly, The plurality of energy propagation paths extend from the second side 22008 of the energy waveguide 22004 to , determined at least by the energy position 22002A relative to the waveguide 22004 It may extend through multiple energy locations, such as 20002A, that extend in a unique direction.

[0181] In another embodiment, the modular 4D energy field energy waveguide 220 04 includes an aperture 22020, in which rays 22026A and 22026B, 2202, having a one-dimensional boundary indicated by rays 22026A and 22026B. 8, each energy propagation path substantially passes through the opening 22020 of the energy waveguide 22004. This can also be explained with reference to opening 134 in FIG. As discussed herein, and also with reference to aperture 134 in FIG. 7, the energy is , along propagation path 22028, within region 22024 between rays 22026A and 22026 It can propagate to.

[0182] As discussed above and with reference to FIG. 7, along the first energy propagation path 120 The energy directed by the second energy waveguide 128 is transmitted through a second energy waveguide 128. The first and second energies may converge together along the propagation path 126. The energy propagation paths may converge at a location 130 on the second side 114 of the array 112. In one embodiment, the third and fourth energy propagation paths 140, 141 are also 112。 In one embodiment, the fifth and The sixth and sixth energy propagation paths 142, 143 also extend from the first and second They may converge at a location 136 between the sides 116, 114.

[0183] Similarly, on the propagation path from the waveguide of the 4D energy field package embodiment In some embodiments, multiple 4D energy field packets may be used. The energy directed along the first energy propagation path of the cage is composed of multiple 4D energies. Energy directed along the second energy propagation path of the Geefield package and In other embodiments, the first and second energy propagation paths may be energy conducting. and converge at a location on the second side of the waveguide. the first and second energy propagation paths are located on a first side of the energy waveguide; It converges at this point.

[0184] In one embodiment, a plurality of modular 4D energy field packages 20014 At least one energy propagation path 20012 of the plurality of energy propagation paths 20012 0010 is a multi-modular 4D energy field package 20014 At least one other energy propagation path 200 of the energy propagation paths 20012 In one embodiment, at least one The first energy propagation path and at least one other first energy propagation path In another embodiment, the at least one optical fiber may converge at a location on the first side of the energy waveguide. one first energy propagation path and at least one other first energy propagation path; may converge at a location on the second side of the energy waveguide. at least one first energy propagation path and at least one other first energy The energy propagation paths may converge at a location between the first and second sides of the energy waveguide. In some other embodiments, the 4D coordinate set is a set of multiple modular 4D energy uniquely identifies the first energy propagation path of the field package. The coordinate set also includes a second, third, fourth, or or any number of propagation paths may be uniquely identified.

[0185] In some embodiments, such as that depicted in FIG. 22, the energy waveguide 22004 is a circular In other embodiments, the energy guide may be shaped like a circular opening. 22004 may have other shapes and sizes. In one example, energy waveguide 2200 4 may be rectangular, while the corresponding opening 22020 may be another shape. In other words, the energy waveguide 22004 and the corresponding aperture 20020 may be the same or similar. They do not have to have a similar shape and / or size. The energy waveguide for the energy can be a square cut lens, and the aperture can be a similar The shape may be square or circular.

[0186] In one embodiment, the modular 4D energy field package comprises a number of energy As discussed above, the location of each waveguide is determined by the 4D energy The coordinate system may include 2D spatial coordinates of a Geefield coordinate set. The Joule-type 4D energy field package embodiment is a 4D energy field package according to the present disclosure. It can be combined with any embodiment of the field package assembly. In embodiments, the modular 4D energy field package may include two, four, eight, It may include 16, or any other number of energy waveguides.

[0187] In one embodiment, the energy propagation path 22028 is The waveguide 22 has radial symmetry and is formed between the position on the energy waveguide 22004. 22, the center of the image may be defined by a chief ray 22028, which may be the center of the image. Since the chief ray 22028 may occupy a propagation path 22028, they are referred to by the same number. The chief ray 22028 is the propagation of energy from the waveguide at a given energy source location. The orientation can be determined and is discussed elsewhere in this disclosure with reference to at least Figure 7. Then, the energy directed along the chief ray energy propagation path 22028 is at least The first chief ray considered in this disclosure includes, but is not limited to, that shown in FIG. 22028 is directed through the energy waveguide 22004 in a direction that is substantially parallel to the It may include one or more energy rays 22026A, 22026B. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. There will be.

[0188] In one embodiment, a 4D energy field is generated, similar to that discussed above and shown in FIG. The package assembly may include an energy waveguide having a reflective element, a first reflector disposed on a first side of the energy waveguide through which the a first reflector having one or more aperture stops formed thereon and a second side of the energy waveguide; a second reflector disposed on the optical axis and having one or more aperture stops formed therethrough; In another embodiment, the assembly includes a first and second reflector. One or more apertures of the projector may include a reflective element that may be constant in size. In this case, the assembly may have varying aperture sizes on one or more of the first and second reflectors. The light source may include a reflective element.

[0189] In one embodiment, the first paraboloid of the first reflector and the first paraboloid of the second reflector each the assembly being configured to reflect energy along the energy propagation path. may include a reflective element having first and second reflectors with one or more parabolic surfaces, The surface characteristics are similar to those disclosed above and herein.

[0190] In another embodiment, the reflective element has the same focal length as the first paraboloid of the second reflector. , the focal length of the first paraboloid of the first reflector, the focal length characteristics being the same as those disclosed above and and similar to those herein. In another embodiment, the reflective element is a first reflector of a second reflector. and a focal length of the first paraboloid of the first reflector that is different from the focal length of the paraboloid of the first reflector. In another embodiment, the reflective element may include an additional reflective element disposed between the first and second sides of the reflective element. During operation, the energy suppression element directs light through the aperture of the lenslet. restricting the propagation of energy along portions of the plurality of energy propagation paths that do not extend In some examples, the shape of the lenslets may be such that In another example, the unique direction of the energy propagation path may be additionally changed. The energy directed through the lenslet along the path substantially fills the aperture of the lenslet. It can be filled.

[0191] FIG. 23 illustrates a method for forming a plurality of modular 4D energy projection surfaces 23006. A mounting assembly 2300 to which an energy field package 23004 can be attached. 2. One embodiment of the 4D energy field package assembly 23000 of the present disclosure having In one embodiment, the mounting assembly 23002 includes, among other structures, This may include, among other things, printed circuit boards (PCBs) and associated mechanical structures. , the mounting assembly 23002 may include other known structures or configurations. In operation, Mount 23002 utilizes multiple modular 4D energy fields. The device may be configured to accommodate different arrangements of the ring packages 23004. As such, the mounting assembly 23002 may include a square or rectangular shape, but the mounting assembly Assemblage 23002 may be formed in a variety of shapes, including but not limited to irregular or broken shapes. and size.

[0192] In some embodiments of the 4D energy field package assembly 23000 ,Modular 4D energy field packages, such as the one depicted in Figure 23, , may further include a mechanical enclosure 23005 surrounding each energy waveguide 23008. In this embodiment, the mechanical enclosure 23005 is configured to accommodate the opening of the waveguide 23008 (e.g., the opening of the waveguide 23008 in FIG. 22). 22020). Now, let's look at the Modular 4D Energy Field Package 23004, Figure 20, 2011. 3, a mechanical enclosure 23005 enclosing the energy source system is also provided. An example of a modular 4D energy field package containing multiple waveguides. In the present invention, a mechanical enclosure surrounds each waveguide, multiple waveguides, or selective units of waveguides. It will be understood that this may be the case.

[0193] In one embodiment, each module of a plurality of modular 4D energy field packages 4D energy field package 23004 and energy waveguide 23008 The location may include two-dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates, and each unique direction of the propagation path may correspond to an energy At least the energy level, such as 22002A of the propagation path 22028 of the waveguide 23004 The energy propagation path 22028 may be determined by two-dimensional (2D) angular coordinates. and further including, whereby the two-dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates and the two-dimensional (2D) angular coordinates are converted into a quaternary coordinate system. Four-dimensional (4D) coordinate sets and their applications are limited. is not specified, but is described elsewhere in this disclosure with at least reference to FIG.

[0194] In some embodiments, two-dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates are X and Y coordinates, as shown in FIG. In these embodiments, multiple energy propagations, such as 22028, may be included. The 4D energy field package assembly of the pathway is similar to that discussed above. , 22002A, etc., and may extend through multiple energy locations relative to the waveguide 22004. At least in a unique direction determined by energy position 22002A, The second side 22008 of the energy waveguide 22004 extends from the second side 22008 of the energy waveguide 22004 .

[0195] In some embodiments, the energy projection surface 23006 can have different shapes and sizes. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23, the energy projection plane 23006 may have a planar In yet some other embodiments, the energy The projection surface may include a curved surface 24006. In some embodiments, the mounting assembly The ri 24002 may be, among other shapes and sizes and / or curvatures, - The projection surface 24006 may be configured to be flat or curved.

[0196] 25A-C show different arrangements of mounts and surfaces. 25A-C are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be understood that in various embodiments, the mounting assembly and projection surface may be any and, as can be seen, may take on various shapes and sizes. Unless otherwise noted, the mounting assemblies 23002, 24002, and the projection surface 230 All different embodiments of 06, 24006 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. It may be combined with other embodiments of the cage assembly.

[0197] In some embodiments, the plurality of 4D energy field packages comprises hexagonal packages. a packing arrangement, a rectangular packing arrangement, or an irregular packing arrangement. The package may be placed side-by-side on one or more mounts in an arrangement such that It will be understood that the polygonal packing arrangements may be mounted in any of the following ways:

[0198] FIG. 26 shows that there is only one waveguide per energy field package. , the energy projection surface 260 of the 4D energy field package assembly of the present disclosure. 00. In other embodiments, each 4D energy The field package may include additional waveguides. The energy propagation path 26002 is , from the waveguide 26005 of the modular 4D energy field package 26006 , at least the corresponding elements of the modular 4D energy field package 26006 The first electrode 26004 may extend in a unique direction 26004 that may be determined by the energy location 26008. The modular 4D energy field package 26006 is a waveguide 26005 Spatial coordinates 26010 defining a position (x, y) and a first energy propagation path 260 26012(u,v) as defined by the angular coordinates 26012(u,v) defining the direction (u,v) of A unique direction 26004 that can be determined at least by a first energy position 26008 The spatial coordinate 26010 and the angular coordinate 26012 can be defined by the first energy - A four-dimensional (x, y, u, v) bright-field coordinate set that defines the unique direction of the propagation path 26002 26014. Additional modular 4D The package 26016 may be defined by different spatial coordinates. The energy field package assembly has a 4D coordinate sets, each of which is a set of modular 4D elements defined by one or more spatial coordinates of the 4D coordinate set. Each package may include an energy field package.

[0199] FIG. 27 shows a co-wired array of modules, each containing a waveguide similar to 22004 shown in FIG. Assembly of four modular 4D energy field packages 27001 placed This embodiment represents the 27000. This embodiment is a modular 4D energy field panel. Each energy of the modular 4D energy field package 27001 - Including a boundary 27004 surrounding the waveguide 27002. The boundary 27004 reduces seams. In one embodiment, the 4D energy field package The boundary 27001 and 27004 are multiple modular 4D energy field packages. The distance 27006 between the modules when they are placed together in assembly 27000 Modular 4D Energy Field Package The waveguides 27002 of the package 27001 may be separated. Modular 4D Energy Field Package 27000 The distance 27006 between the waveguides 27002 is the distance between the In one embodiment, the distance 27006 is set to 1000 to create a large projection surface. Between the panels of the 4D energy field package (not shown) can be assembled 27 is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. and unless expressly indicated otherwise, the modules discussed with reference to Figure 27 An embodiment of the modular 4D energy field package is a 4D energy field package according to the present disclosure. It can be combined with all other embodiments of the field package assembly.

[0200] In some embodiments, the modular 4D energy field package A multi-wavelength 4D energy field package with boundaries separating each waveguide. In other embodiments, the modular 4D energy field package may include a waveguide. The width of the border on the outer edge of the page is determined by the individual dimensions of the modular 4D energy field package. The width of the boundary between the individual waveguides may be wider than the width of the boundary between the individual waveguides. Energy suppression structures may also be included between the waveguides. Optional energy suppression structures of the present disclosure include: 9A-H, as well as other energy suppression structures known in the art. These may include, but are not limited to,

[0201] In some embodiments, the energy suppression structure attenuates the energy propagation path. or modifying structures, which may include (a) energy blocking structures; (b) each The filling rate of the energy waveguide aperture of the modular 4D energy field package is To change the wavelength, each modular 4D energy field package requires at least one waveguide. (c) an element configured to change the energy propagation path of each module; Energy angles adjacent to the energy position of the 4D energy field package and a structure configured to limit the temperature range. The energy suppression structure is the energy position of each modular 4D energy field package. adjacent to and the energy conduction of each modular 4D energy field package. Alternatively, the energy suppression structure may be positioned generally toward the waveguide. Adjacent to the energy waveguide of the 4D energy field package and each module The energy position of the 4D energy field package can be positioned approximately toward the energy position of the In one example, the energy suppression structure is adjacent to the energy location of the page and attenuate or modify the energy propagation path Each modular 4D energy field package has an energy waveguide for There may be an energy blocking structure positioned generally towards it.

[0202] Figure 28 forms the points that define the surface of the projected holographic tree 28002 4D energy field assembly 28000 of the disclosed projected light beams converging as follows: 4D energy field assembly 28000 as shown. , multiple 4D energy field packages 28 to form corresponding propagation paths. The device may include a control system 28004 for directing multiple energy locations within the device. During operation, the control system 28004 controls multiple modular 4D energy field panels. Multiple modular 4D energy flow controllers configured to operate package 28008 communicates with the field package 28008 to generate 4D energy projections from the energy projection surface 28006. Energy along multiple propagation paths 28009 to project a gie field 28002 In some embodiments, the energy projection surface 28010 may be a seamless The energy projection surface may include:

[0203] As will be appreciated, the disclosure of this embodiment is not limited to projecting a bright field. Embodiments of the present invention may project other forms of energy. In some embodiments, spatial coordinates is not a single modular 4D energy field package, but rather a set of multiple modules. Modular 4D energy field package A subset of the cages may be defined.

[0204] 4D energy field package assemblies such as those depicted in Figures 29A and 29B. Some embodiments of the mount 29000A may include multiple mounts 29002A. In an embodiment, the plurality of mounts 29002A form an extended energy projection surface 29000B. In another embodiment, the multiple mounting assemblies may be arranged to form different positions. In other words, the 4D energy field The package assembly includes a plurality of modular It may include a second mount to which the 4D energy field package may be attached. The two mounts may communicate with each other via any means known in the art to transfer energy. In some embodiments, the multiple energy sources may cooperatively project a light field. Energy is supplied to the energy position of the modular 4D package assembly on the projection surface In other embodiments, a plurality of mounts may be mounted on the same power supply to provide energy to the power supply. There can be multiple energy sources.

[0205] The modular 4D energy field package offers many advantages. As discussed elsewhere, the modular 4D energy field package Helps reduce or eliminate the appearance of seams in shadowed energy fields It also allows for versatile displays that can be arranged in a variety of shapes and sizes. It is also useful to have a modular 4D energy field package to allow for Modular pieces can be added to or removed from the energy projection surface. Removing the entire surface makes repairs cheaper, faster, and easier. Instead of having to replace only damaged or defective modular units, do.

[0206] In some embodiments, the modular 4D energy field package includes a chip The chip may be integrated on a chip (e.g., a silicon chip or other suitable semiconductor chip). may be attached to a printed circuit board (PCB) by any means known in the art. This also maintains resolution while reducing seams. Smaller modular 4D systems with more densely packed energy sources for Energy field packaging may be possible.

[0207] As referenced above, the energy conduction of the 4D energy field package assembly The waveguides shown and discussed with reference to Figures 9 to 11 and 13 to 16 are Any of the waveguides referenced throughout this disclosure, including but not limited to: The optical waveguide may include, among other things, a lens, a lenslet, or a waveguide with a reflective element. Different embodiments of the energy field package assembly are described in detail in this disclosure and in the art. The different energy suppression elements of all the different waveguide embodiments known in the art, as well as the present disclosure and and different embodiments of baffles for all different waveguide embodiments known in the art; and all different waveguide element aperture embodiments of this disclosure and known in the art; Unless otherwise stated, these embodiments may include 4D energy fields. The present invention can be combined with each and every embodiment of the hard package assembly.

[0208] FIG. 30 illustrates a waveguide 30004 as described elsewhere in this disclosure, where each waveguide 30004 has a unique 2D spatial coordinate. 30002A and a plurality of waveguides 30004 and a plurality of energy locations 30002A. , one embodiment of the modular 4D energy field package 30100 of the present disclosure. Similarly, each propagation path 30028A, 30028B is a path from a corresponding waveguide to a corresponding The unique direction determined at least by the energy positions 30002A and 30002B The propagation paths 30028A and 30028B extend substantially through the opening 30020 of the waveguide. In one embodiment, the waveguide 30004 may be filled with a In some examples, the edges may be separated by a boundary 30014, which may reduce the seam. The boundary 30014 may also be involved in defining the opening of the waveguide 30020. The energy field package may include an energy suppression element 30030, which may include: In particular, those described with reference to Figures 9A-H, including baffle structures, are included. The hologram may take any of the forms described elsewhere throughout this disclosure, including but not limited to:

[0209] In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 30030 does not extend through the opening 30020. energy from an energy source location 30002 that is not associated with a waveguide. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 30 030 restricts the propagation of energy along propagation paths that do not extend through its own aperture. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 30030 is a The energy source may be located on the energy source side of a similar energy waveguide.

[0210] In some embodiments, there may be multiple energy suppression elements 30030. In an embodiment, a mechanical case similar to that described above with reference to 23005 in FIG. The package 30100 may include a package 30001. an energy source system having a plurality of energy sources configured to deliver energy to a The energy source system 30113 may include the energy source system 30113 described with reference to FIG. energy source systems, as described elsewhere throughout this disclosure, including but not limited to: In some instances, the energy source system may be similar to that described in It may further include, among other things, a relay. In other embodiments, the energy location 3000 2 may be a pixel associated with an emissive display. The D energy field package may have a square cut waveguide 30004 , which is not a limitation on the embodiment of , but any type of waveguide known in the art. The modular 4D energy field package 30100 also , package modular 4D energy field package 30100 assembly It can also include electrical contacts 300040 that allow for integration into the device. As such, all of the modular 4D energy field packages 30100 of the present disclosure All embodiments may be combined with all other embodiments disclosed herein.

[0211] 31A-B show the assembly of the modular 4D energy field package. This shows a modular 4D energy field package with multiple integrated waveguides. FIG. 31A shows a waveguide with six waveguides 31001A separated by boundaries 31102A. This represents a modular 4D energy field package 31100A. 02A may include black areas configured to separate the waveguides 31001A, Modules can be placed together in larger assemblies to create a gap between the waveguides of adjacent modules. Therefore, there is consistent spacing throughout the assembly, preventing seam artifacts. The width of the boundary 31102A at the edge of the module may be Note that this may be approximately half the width of the inner boundary 31102A of 00A. Placing two modules 31100A next to each other and combining All waveguides 31001A of the module are connected to modules 18002B and 18003B of FIG. 004B.

[0212] FIG. 31B shows the assembly of the 4D modular energy field package 31100B. Figure 3 shows four modular 4D energy field packages 31100A in a bri In one embodiment, the assembly 31100B is configured such that the waveguides 31001A are spaced together and Because of the way the world 31100C is constructed into separate modules 31100A, It will be appreciated that the module The number of waveguides 3100A per 4D energy field package 31100A is given by: It will be appreciated that the number of steps required to form the assembly 31100B may vary from embodiment to embodiment. The number of bonded energy field packages 31100A also varies from embodiment to embodiment. And, a 4D modular energy field including multiple waveguides 31001A can be An embodiment of the assembly of the dock package 31100A is shown in FIGS. 23, 24, and 25A. 1 to 3, including but not limited to those depicted in Tables 1 to 3C, as well as any other compounds depicted elsewhere throughout this disclosure. Any desired surface or configuration may be formed.

[0213] While various embodiments in accordance with the principles disclosed herein have been described above, those embodiments It should be understood that the embodiments are shown for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the invention(s) should not be construed as limited to any of the above-described exemplary embodiments. and should not be limited by the scope of the claims arising from this disclosure and Furthermore, the above advantages and features should be defined only in accordance with the equivalents of the Although provided in certain embodiments, the present invention achieves any or all of the above advantages. There is no limitation on the application of such derived claims to processes and structures.

[0214] The principal features of this disclosure can be used in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It is understood that the present invention can be applied to various applications. Those skilled in the art will be able to use only minor routine experimentation to Recognizing or exploring many equivalents to the specific procedures described in the specification Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure and are within the scope of the claims. is covered by

[0215] Additionally, the section headings herein are consistent with the guidance under 37 CFR 1.77. provided to have a sense of place or otherwise provide compositional clues. These headings are intended to be used to identify the invention as set forth in any claim that may originate from this disclosure. It is not intended to limit or characterize the invention(s). Specifically, by way of example, the headings Although the claims may refer to a "field of the invention," the scope of the claims does not necessarily describe the so-called technical field. Furthermore, the disclosure of the "Background of the Invention" section should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The description of the technology in the section indicates that the technology is prior art to any invention(s) within this disclosure. The "Summary" should not be construed as an admission that the invention is in any way inconsistent with the claims at issue. Furthermore, the above statements are not to be construed as a characterization of the invention(s) in any way. The reference to the number "invention" is used to assert that only one novelty exists in this disclosure. Multiple inventions may be set forth according to the limitations of multiple claims arising from this disclosure. and therefore, such claims are indicative of the invention ( In all instances, the scope of such claims shall be limited to the scope of the present invention. While each will be considered on its own merits in light of the disclosure, the Don't be constrained by headings.

[0216] The word "comprising" in the claims and / or specification The words "a" or "an" when used in conjunction with the term can mean "one," but it can also mean "one or more" re), "at least one," and "more than one" The scope of the claims is consistent with the meaning of "one or more than one" The term "or" used in any of the preceding paragraphs does not explicitly refer to only alternatives, "and / or" means "and / or" unless alternatives are mutually exclusive. Although used as such, this disclosure is directed to alternatives only, and to "and / or" Throughout this application, the term "about" is used interchangeably with " , one value is used to indicate the inherent error variation of the device, and the method It is used to determine the variability that exists between studies, their values, or research questions. Generally, but subject to the foregoing considerations, approximation words such as "about" Numerical values ​​herein that are modified by "" are to be interpreted as varying by at least + / - 1, 2, or 3 percent of the stated value. , it may vary by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, or 15%.

[0217] As used in this specification and claim(s), the word "comprises" means ising)" (as well as optional terms such as "comprise" and "comprises"). possessing the form of meaning), "having" (as well as "have" and "ha "having" any form of "including" (as well as "inc" any form of including, such as "ludes" and "include", or "conta ining" (and any form such as "contains" and "contain" The inclusion of a formula is inclusive or open, additional, uncited elements or method steps. Do not exclude tops.

[0218] "At the time," "equivalent," "between" Comparison, measurement, and timing such as "during" and "complete" The word for "substantially at the time" "Substantially equivalent time" "," "substantially during," "substantially complete" should be understood to mean "substantially complete" etc. where "substantially" means such a comparison, Measurements and timings that achieve the desired results implicitly or explicitly stated It means that it is practical to do so. The relative meaning of elements such as "adjacent to" and "approximate to" Words related to the opposite position have a substantial effect on the interaction of each system element. Other words of approximation shall be similarly modified. When a statement is made, it is not necessarily considered absolute or complete, but it is considered to exist. would be considered close enough to those skilled in the art to warrant specifying the conditions The degree to which a statement may change depends on how significant a change it is. It is possible for a person skilled in the art to determine the desired characteristics and capabilities of the unmodified features. One will recognize the modified features as still having them.

[0219] As used herein, the term "or combinations thereof" is inclusive of the list preceding the term. refers to all permutations and combinations of the items in a "Combination of" means at least one of A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC. It is intended to include one, and where order is important in a particular context, it may include BA, CA, Similarly for CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB. Continuing with this example: , BB, AAA, AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, etc. Combinations containing repeats of one or more such items or terms are expressly included. Unless otherwise clear from the context, a person skilled in the art will typically refer to any combination of items or It will be understood that there is no limit to the number of terms.

[0220] All of the compositions and / or methods disclosed and claimed herein are intended to be illustrative, not restrictive, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The compositions and methods of the present disclosure can be made and executed without undue experimentation. Although the methods are described in terms of preferred embodiments, any other modifications to the compositions and / or methods may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. and in the steps or sequence of steps of the methods described herein. Various variations may be applied without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosure. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that such similar All substitutions and modifications are within the spirit, scope and spirit of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. are considered to be within the scope of the term and concept.

Claims

1. 1. An energy field package assembly comprising: A plurality of modular energy field packages, each modular energy field package comprising: an energy source system configured to provide energy to a plurality of energy locations; at least one energy waveguide, each energy waveguide configured to direct energy from the plurality of energy locations from a first side of the energy waveguide to a second side of the energy waveguide; a plurality of modular energy field packages, wherein at least one energy propagation path of at least one modular energy field package and at least one energy propagation path of at least one other modular energy field package converge at a location on the first side of the at least one energy waveguide of the at least one modular energy field package; 1. An energy field package assembly comprising: a mount to which a plurality of modular energy field packages are attached in an assembled state to form an energy projection surface, wherein the energy source system and the at least one energy waveguide of the plurality of modular energy field packages are operable to direct energy according to an independent set of 4D functions.

2. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of modular energy field packages is integrated on a chip.

3. 3. The energy field package assembly of claim 2, wherein the chip of at least one of the plurality of modular energy field packages comprises a silicon chip.

4. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one modular energy field package further comprises a boundary surrounding the at least one energy waveguide of the at least one modular energy field package.

5. 5. The energy field package assembly of claim 4, wherein the boundary of the at least one modular energy field package surrounds each energy waveguide of the at least one modular energy field package.

6. 5. The energy field package assembly of claim 4, wherein at least one of said boundaries comprises a black area.

7. 5. The energy field package assembly of claim 4, wherein the boundary is configured to separate at least one energy waveguide of the plurality of modular energy field packages when attached to the mount.

8. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 7, wherein a distance between at least one energy waveguide of said plurality of modular energy field packages prevents seams in said energy field.

9. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of energy field packages are mounted on the mount to form a grid of modular energy field packages, each modular energy field package mounted on the mount further comprising a boundary evenly separating all of the energy waveguides of at least one of the plurality of energy field packages mounted on the mount.

10. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 9, wherein the boundary of each modular energy field package mounted to the mount evenly separates each energy waveguide of the at least one energy waveguide of each modular energy field package mounted to the mount.

11. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional energy propagation path of the at least one modular energy field package and the at least one other additional energy propagation path of the at least one other energy field package converge at a location on a second side of the at least one energy waveguide of the at least one modular energy field package.

12. 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1 further comprising at least one second mount to which the plurality of modular energy field packages are attached to form at least one second energy projection surface.

13. The energy field package assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mount comprises a printed circuit board.

14. the energy directed along the plurality of energy propagation paths of the plurality of modular energy field packages is electromagnetic energy defined by a wavelength; 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1, wherein said wavelengths are in a region selected from the group consisting of: a) visible light, b) ultraviolet light, c) infrared light, and d) x-rays.

15. the energy directed along the plurality of energy propagation paths of the plurality of modular energy field packages is mechanical energy defined by pressure waves; 10. The energy field packaging assembly of claim 1, wherein said waves are selected from the group consisting of: a) tactile pressure waves, b) acoustic vibrations, and c) ultrasonic waves.

16. Each energy waveguide of the at least one modular energy field package comprises a structure for attenuating or modifying at least one energy propagation path of each energy waveguide, the structure comprising: a) energy blocking structure; b) an element configured to modify at least one energy propagation path of each energy waveguide to modify the fill factor of the aperture of each energy waveguide; or c) a structure configured to limit the angular range of energy proximate to the energy location of each modular energy field package; 10. The energy field package assembly of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of:

Images