Transfer method, refrigeration method, refrigeration system and hose for refrigeration system
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a transfer method, a refrigeration method, a refrigeration system, and a hose for a refrigeration system. [Background technology]
[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a technique relating to the use of flexible hoses that can handle high-pressure fluids and provide a barrier against permeation losses in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]
[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2010-513827 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a transfer method capable of stably transferring fluoroethylene in a refrigeration system or an air conditioning system, a refrigeration method, a refrigeration system, and a hose for a refrigeration system. [Means for solving the problem]
[0005] That is, the present disclosure includes, for example, the subject matter described in the following sections: Item 1 1. A method for transporting a heat transfer fluid in a refrigeration or air conditioning system, comprising: circulating a heat transfer fluid through one or more hoses in the system; the heat transfer fluid comprises fluoroethylene; The method for transferring a heat transfer fluid, wherein the hose is made of resin. Item 1´ 1. A method for transporting a heat transfer fluid in a refrigeration or air conditioning system, comprising: circulating a heat transfer fluid through one or more hoses in the system; the heat transfer fluid comprises fluoroethylene; The method for transporting a heat transfer fluid, wherein the hose is made of metal. Section 2 Item 2. The method according to item 1, wherein the fluoroethylene comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene. Section 3 Item 3. The method according to item 2, wherein the fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene in the E form. Section 4 The circulation step includes: circulating the heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between an outlet of a compressor and an inlet of a condenser; circulating the heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between a condenser outlet and an evaporator inlet; and circulating a heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between the evaporator outlet and the compressor inlet. The method according to any one of items 1 to 3, further comprising at least one step selected from the group consisting of: Method of transportation. Section 5 A freezing method comprising a step of performing freezing using the transfer method according to any one of items 1 to 3. Section 6 1. A refrigeration system comprising a hose for circulating a heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid comprises fluoroethylene; The hose is made of resin. Item 6´ 1. A refrigeration system comprising a hose for circulating a heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid comprises fluoroethylene; The hose of the refrigeration system is formed of metal. Section 7 Item 7. The refrigeration system according to item 6, wherein the fluoroethylene is at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene. Section 8 Item 7. The refrigeration system according to item 6, wherein the fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene in the E form. Section 9 Item 9. A hose for a refrigeration system, which is used in the refrigeration system according to any one of items 6 to 8. Effect of the Invention
[0006] The transport method of the present disclosure is capable of transporting fluoroethylene stably. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cross section of a hose used in the transfer method of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a refrigeration system or an air conditioning system that utilizes the heat transfer fluid transport method of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0008] Fluoroethylene, typified by trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as HFO-1132(E)), is expected to become a new refrigerant. When using hoses made of various materials to transport such fluoroethylene, the compatibility and permeability of fluoroethylene into hoses have not been studied at all. In other words, at present, no method has been established for stably transporting fluoroethylene in various systems such as refrigeration systems or air conditioning systems.
[0009] In view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have conducted extensive research and have discovered a method for stably transferring a heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene.
[0010] In this disclosure, "stable transfer of heat transfer fluid (fluoroethylene)" encompasses the ability to transfer the heat transfer fluid without the refrigeration system and the hose for the refrigeration system being damaged by the pressure of the heat transfer fluid (i.e., having pressure resistance), the ability to transfer the heat transfer fluid without deteriorating the materials used in the refrigeration system and the hose for the refrigeration system, and the ability to transfer the heat transfer fluid while suppressing permeation of the heat transfer fluid from the refrigeration system and the hose for the refrigeration system.
[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. In this specification, the expressions "containing" and "comprise" include the concepts of "containing", "comprises", "consists essentially of" and "consists only of".
[0012] In this specification, a numerical range indicated using "~" indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after "~" as the minimum and maximum values, respectively. In the numerical ranges described in stages in this specification, the upper limit or lower limit of a numerical range in a certain stage can be arbitrarily combined with the upper limit or lower limit of a numerical range in another stage. In the numerical ranges described in this specification, the upper limit or lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in an example or a value that can be unambiguously derived from an example.
[0013] 1. Heat transfer fluid transport method The disclosed method of transporting a heat transfer fluid within a refrigeration or air conditioning system includes circulating a heat transfer fluid through one or more hoses within the system, the heat transfer fluid comprising fluoroethylene, the hoses preferably being formed from a resin.
[0014] According to the method for transporting a heat transfer fluid of the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress refrigerant loss during transport of the heat transfer fluid, and to stably transport the heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene.
[0015] (Heat transfer fluid) The heat transfer fluid transferred by the transfer method of the present disclosure contains fluoroethylene. Fluoroethylene is an ethylene compound having at least one fluorine atom. The fluoroethylene contained in the heat transfer fluid preferably has at least two fluorines.
[0016] Among them, the fluoroethylene more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, and 1,2-difluoroethylene. From the viewpoint of facilitating more stable transfer of fluoroethylene, the fluoroethylene further preferably contains 1,2-difluoroethylene. The fluoroethylene may consist of only at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, and 1,2-difluoroethylene, or may consist of only 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0017] There are two types of isomers of 1,2-difluoroethylene (E and Z isomers), specifically, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)). In the present disclosure, 1,2-difluoroethylene may be only one of the isomers or a mixture of both isomers. That is, the 1,2-difluoroethylene contained in the heat transfer fluid may be trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and / or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)).
[0018] Among them, it is preferable that the 1,2-difluoroethylene contains at least E-form 1,2-difluoroethylene, i.e., trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)). More specifically, the 1,2-difluoroethylene contains preferably 50% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E) based on the total mass of 1,2-difluoroethylene, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more. The 1,2-difluoroethylene may be composed only of HFO-1132(E).
[0019] The heat transfer fluid may contain components other than fluoroethylene, for example, refrigerants other than fluoroethylene. The term "refrigerants other than fluoroethylene" refers to refrigerants that have a refrigerant number beginning with the letter R (A) as defined by ISO817 (International Organization for Standardization). The term "fluorocarbon compounds" includes at least compounds with a SHRAE number, and further includes compounds that have the same refrigerant properties as those compounds even if they have not yet been assigned a refrigerant number. In terms of the structure of the compounds, such refrigerants are broadly classified into "fluorocarbon compounds" and "non-fluorocarbon compounds". "Fluorocarbon compounds" include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). "Non-fluorocarbon compounds" include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), and ammonia (R717).
[0020] Examples of refrigerants other than fluoroethylene include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), HFC-32, R290 (propane), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1234ze, pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,2-difluoroethane (HFC-152b), and the like. Examples of the refrigerant other than fluoroethylene include HFC-152), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea). Among these, the refrigerant other than fluoroethylene preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of HFC-32, HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf, R744, and R290. One embodiment of the heat transfer fluid includes a mixture containing the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and / or HFC-32.
[0021] When the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf, its content is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid preferably contains 40 mass% or more of HFO-1234yf, more preferably 50 mass% or more, and even more preferably 70 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene and HFO-1234yf. The heat transfer fluid preferably contains 90 mass% or less of HFO-1234yf, more preferably 85 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene and HFO-1234yf.
[0022] When the heat transfer fluid further contains HFC-32, its content is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFC-32 in an amount of 5 mass% or more, more preferably 10 mass% or more, and even more preferably 20 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32. The heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFC-32 in an amount of 80 mass% or less, more preferably 50 mass% or less, even more preferably 30 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 22 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
[0023] The heat transfer fluid particularly preferably contains HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and may consist solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.
[0024] The method for producing the heat transfer fluid is not particularly limited, and for example, a wide variety of known production methods can be adopted. For example, the heat transfer fluid can be obtained by using fluoroethylene produced by a known method. When the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf, the HFO-1234yf can also be obtained by a known method. When the heat transfer fluid is a mixture of fluoroethylene and a refrigerant other than fluoroethylene, the HFO-1234yf can also be obtained by a known method. When the heat transfer fluid is a mixture of fluoroethylene and a refrigerant other than fluoroethylene, the two can be mixed in an appropriate mixing ratio, for example. Thus, a heat transfer fluid can be obtained.
[0025] The heat transfer fluid may also contain components other than the refrigerant. Examples of the components other than the refrigerant include water and refrigerating machine oil. When the heat transfer fluid contains components other than the refrigerant, the content ratio of the components other than the refrigerant is not particularly limited, and for example, the content ratio of the components other than the refrigerant relative to the total mass of the refrigerant in the heat transfer fluid may be 10 mass% or less, preferably 5 mass% or less, and more preferably 3 mass% or less.
[0026] (hose) In the transfer method of the present disclosure, the heat transfer fluid is transferred through a hose. The material and structure for forming such a hose are not particularly limited, and for example, a wide variety of known hoses can be applied. In particular, the hose used in the transfer method of the present disclosure is preferably formed of a resin or a metal, and more preferably formed of a resin. In this case, fluoroethylene can be transferred more stably. Examples of the resin include a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a rubber, and the hose may contain two or more of these. That is, the hose may contain, for example, a thermoplastic resin and a rubber.
[0027] Since the permeation of a heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene is particularly easily suppressed, the ethylene content (mol %) in the resin forming the hose is preferably 20 to 50 mol %, more preferably 20 to 30 mol %, based on the total amount of the resin. The ethylene content in the resin can be measured from the melting point of EVOH.
[0028] One embodiment of the hose that can be used in the transfer method of the present disclosure is, for example, Hose A having a core layer as disclosed in JP-A-2002-370273.
[0029] The hose A may be formed of a core layer (innermost layer) and a covering layer (outer layer) covering the core layer. A rubber layer (inner layer) may be provided between the core layer (innermost layer) and the covering layer (outer layer). The core layer may be formed of, for example, various resins, specifically, EVOH (EVAL), polyamide resin, etc. The core layer may have a structure consisting of an inner core layer and an outer core layer disposed outside the inner core layer, and such a structure may be molded, for example, by coextrusion. In this case, the inner core layer and the outer core layer may be formed of different resins. The rubber layer (inner layer) can be formed of various rubbers, for example, one or more rubber materials selected from the group consisting of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chlorinated butyl rubber (Cl-IIR), brominated butyl rubber (Br-IIR), epichlorohydrin rubber (CHR, CHC), acrylic rubber (ACM) and chloroprene rubber (CR). Among these, butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) are preferred.
[0030] In the hose A, the covering layer (outer layer) can be formed of one or more rubber materials selected from the group consisting of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chlorinated butyl rubber (Cl-IIR), brominated butyl rubber (Br-IIR), epichlorohydrin rubber (CHR, CHC), acrylic rubber (ACM), and chloroprene rubber (CR).
[0031] Fig. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of a cross section of the hose A. The hose A shown in Fig. 1 includes a core layer 10 and a covering layer 20 that covers the core layer 10, and a rubber layer 30 is provided between the core layer 10 and the covering layer 20. As shown in Fig. 1, the core layer 10 is The core layer 10 may be formed to have an inner core layer 11 and an outer core layer 12 that covers the inner core layer 11. Of course, the core layer 10 may be formed of only one layer. A cavity 50 is formed inside the core layer 10.
[0032] The hose A may be formed of only the core layer and the covering layer (outer layer), or, as shown in FIG. 1, the hose A may be provided with the rubber layer (inner layer) between the core layer (innermost layer) and the covering layer (outer layer) as necessary. Such a rubber layer (inner layer) is a so-called friction layer and / or reinforcement layer. For example, the hose A may have a structure in which the core layer is covered with the friction layer, the friction layer is covered with the reinforcement layer, and the reinforcement layer is covered with the covering layer. A reinforcing layer may be further provided between the rubber layer (inner layer) and the covering layer (outer layer). The reinforcing layer is formed of a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or aramid resin. Note that the reinforcing layer is omitted in FIG. 1.
[0033] In the hose A, the friction layer can be formed of a polymer material such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of butadiene and styrene, polychloroprene, polybutadiene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, EPDM, for example, an ethylene-propylene-norbornene terpolymer, an ethylene-propylene-1,4-hexadiene terpolymer, or an ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene terpolymer.
[0034] The reinforcing layer can be made of a wide variety of materials used to reinforce hoses, including fibers, such as braided, spirally wound, knitted, or spirally knitted yarns.
[0035] The hose A preferably has a core layer containing EVOH (EVAL), and more preferably has a core layer formed of an inner core layer made of polyamide 6 (PA6) and an outer core layer covering the inner core layer made of EVOH. In this case, the permeation of the heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene can be further suppressed, so that fluoroethylene can be transferred particularly stably, and in particular, the permeation of 1,2-difluoroethylene can be particularly significantly suppressed.
[0036] The type of EVOH (EVAL) is not particularly limited, and a wide variety of known EVOH (EVAL) can be used.
[0037] EVOH (Eval) has a free volume of 30 to 100 Å, which makes it easier to suppress the permeation of heat transfer fluids containing fluoroethylene. 3 Preferably, the thickness is 30 to 50 Å. 3 The free volume of EVOH (EVAL) can be measured by subjecting an EVOH sheet formed into a sheet shape to a positron annihilation method.
[0038] The ethylene content (mol %) in EVOH (EVAL) is preferably 20 to 50 mol %, and more preferably 20 to 30 mol %, based on the total amount of EVOH, since permeation of heat transfer fluids containing fluoroethylene is particularly likely to be suppressed. The ethylene content in EVOH (EVAL) can be measured from the melting point of EVOH.
[0039] Examples of hose A include a hose configured by laminating a core layer (innermost layer), a rubber layer (inner layer), a reinforcing layer, and a covering layer (outer layer) in this order (for example, Bridgestone's "Hose Flexible High (92490-4BC0A)"). Examples of hose A include a hose configured by laminating a core layer (innermost layer) formed of an inner core and an outer core, a rubber layer (inner layer), a reinforcing layer, and a covering layer (outer covering layer) in this order (for example, ContiTech).
[0040] In another embodiment of the hose A, it is particularly preferable that the hose A is composed of a core layer (innermost layer) formed of an inner core layer made of polyamide 6 (PA6) and an outer core layer made of EVOH (EVAL) covering the inner core layer, a rubber layer (inner layer) made of butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), a reinforcing layer made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a covering layer (outer layer) made of butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). In this case, it is easy to suppress the hose permeability of the heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene, and it is particularly easy to transport the heat transfer fluid stably.
[0041] In order to further suppress the amount of heat transfer fluid permeating through the hose, it is preferable to reduce the free volume of the resin (polymer) constituting the hose. Examples of such resins include EVOH (EVAL); polyamide resins such as PA6, PA66, Genestar (PA9T) from Kuraray Co., Ltd., Arlen (PA6T) from Mitsui Chemicals, and Reny from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical. That is, it is preferable that the resin forming the hose is at least one selected from the group consisting of EVOH (EVAL) and polyamide resins. In particular, it is preferable that the core layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of EVOH (EVAL) and polyamide resins.
[0042] A method for reducing the free volume of a resin, for example, a method for reducing the free volume of a polyamide resin, is to strengthen the intermolecular interaction to reduce the ease of molecular movement. Examples of intermolecular interactions include dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London dispersion forces, and among these, it is effective to enhance the π-π interaction, which is one of the London dispersion forces. An example of a structure having the above-mentioned π-π interaction is polyamide having an aromatic in the molecular chain. The aromatic may be in the molecular structure of the amine component or in the molecular structure of the carboxylic acid component. Examples of polyamide having an aromatic in the molecular chain include Genestar (PA9T) from Kuraray Co., Ltd., Arlen (PA6T) from Mitsui Chemicals, and Reny from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, and Kuraray's Genestar is particularly preferable.
[0043] Another embodiment of a hose that can be used in the transfer method of the present disclosure is, for example, Hose B, as disclosed in JP 2006-29443 A, which comprises a rubber layer (inner layer), a reinforcing layer formed on the circumferential surface of the rubber layer, and a coating layer (outer layer) formed on the outer circumferential surface of the reinforcing layer.
[0044] In the hose B, the rubber layer (inner layer) may be made of a material containing (A) at least one of butyl rubber and halogenated butyl rubber, (B) polybutene, and (C) a white filler. The white filler (C) is, for example, talc, mica, sericite, montmorillonite, silica, clay, etc.
[0045] In hose B, the reinforcing layer can be formed by braiding reinforcing yarns such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), aramid, polyamide (nylon), vinylon, rayon, metal wire, etc., by spiral braiding, knit braiding, braid braiding, etc.
[0046] In the hose B, the covering layer (outer layer) may be formed of a material obtained by appropriately blending a vulcanizing agent, carbon black, etc. with a rubber material such as halogenated butyl rubber (such as butyl rubber (IIR), chlorinated butyl rubber (Cl-IIR), or brominated butyl rubber (Br-IIR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), fluororubber (FKM), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), acrylic rubber, silicone rubber, chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CPE), or urethane rubber. The outer layer may be formed of a material such as an acrylic-based, styrene-based, olefin-based, diolefin-based, vinyl chloride-based, urethane-based, ester-based, amide-based, fluorine-based, or silicone-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), or a heat-shrinkable tube. It is also possible to use the following:
[0047] Yet another embodiment of a hose that can be used in the transfer method of the present disclosure is, for example, hose C having a rubber layer (inner layer), a reinforcing layer, and a coating layer (outer layer) in this order, as disclosed in International Publication No. 2017 / 010335.
[0048] In the hose C, the rubber layer (inner layer) is preferably formed from a rubber composition containing a rubber component including at least one rubber selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, butyl rubber, and chlorinated polyethylene rubber, and liquid butyl rubber.
[0049] In the hose C, the reinforcing layer may be formed of, for example, a fiber material such as polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, vinylon fiber, rayon fiber, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fiber, polyketone fiber, polyarylate fiber, or polyketone fiber; or a metal material such as a hard steel wire (for example, brass-plated wire, zinc-plated wire, etc.). The shape of the reinforcing layer may be, for example, a blade shape or a spiral shape.
[0050] In the hose C, the covering layer (outer layer) can be formed of, for example, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber-based rubber, or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
[0051] In the transfer method of the present disclosure, when two or more hoses are used, the hoses may all be the same, or some or all of the hoses may be different.
[0052] The method for transferring a heat transfer fluid of the present disclosure includes a circulating step of circulating the heat transfer fluid through one or more of the hoses. As long as the method for transferring a heat transfer fluid of the present disclosure includes such a circulating step, there is no particular limitation.
[0053] The circulation step can include at least one step selected from the group consisting of the following steps 1, 2, and 3. Step 1: circulating the heat transfer fluid through a hose connected between the outlet of a compressor and the inlet of a condenser. Step 2: circulating the heat transfer fluid through a hose connected between the outlet of a condenser and the inlet of an evaporator. Step 3: circulating a heat transfer fluid through a hose connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the compressor.
[0054] For example, in the heat transfer fluid transfer method of the present disclosure, the circulation step may include steps 1, 2, and 3 in this order.
[0055] 2 is a schematic diagram showing a transfer method including the above-mentioned steps 1 to 3, and in particular a schematic diagram showing a refrigeration system or an air conditioning system. As shown in FIG. 2, the transfer method of the heat transfer fluid of the present disclosure can include an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3, and an expansion device 4.
[0056] 2, the heat transfer fluid from the evaporator 1 flows through a hose 6 into the inlet of the compressor 2 and is then discharged. The types of the evaporator 1 and the compressor 2 are not particularly limited, and for example, known evaporators and compressors that can be used in refrigeration systems or air conditioning systems can also be used in the transfer method of the present disclosure.
[0057] The heat transfer fluid compressed by the compressor flows through the compressor outlet and hose 6 into the condenser 3. The hose 6 may be provided with a pressure regulating valve 5 as appropriate. The compressed heat transfer fluid condenses in the condenser 3 and can release heat. The condenser cleaning heat transfer fluid (liquid refrigerant) flows through the expansion device 4 through the hose 6 to the evaporator 1 located in the passenger compartment in the cooling mode. In the evaporator 1, the liquid refrigerant can be vaporized to provide cooling. In the heating mode, the gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor 2 flows to the condenser 3 located in the passenger compartment. In the condenser 3, the refrigerant can be liquefied to provide warm air. In the heat transfer fluid transfer method of the present disclosure, the above cycle occurs, and a refrigeration system or an air conditioning system is constructed.
[0058] The hose 6 is preferably the above-mentioned hose A, hose B, hose C, etc., and when two or more hoses are used, the hoses may all be the same or some or all of them may be different.
[0059] The heat transfer fluid transport method of the present disclosure can be applied to various refrigeration systems or air conditioning systems, such as fixed refrigeration or air conditioning systems in buildings, or mobile refrigeration or air conditioning systems in vehicles, etc.
[0060] (Freezing method) The heat transfer fluid transfer method of the present disclosure can also be applied to a refrigeration method. Thus, the refrigeration method of the present disclosure can include a step of performing refrigeration using the heat transfer fluid transfer method of the present disclosure. In other words, the refrigeration method of the present disclosure performs refrigeration using a heat transfer fluid transferred by the transfer method of the present disclosure. Thus, the refrigeration method of the present disclosure includes a circulating step of circulating the heat transfer fluid through one or more of the hoses, and the heat transfer fluid contains fluoroethylene. Since the refrigeration method of the present disclosure includes the transfer method of the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress refrigerant loss during the transfer of the heat transfer fluid, and it is possible to stably transfer the heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene, thereby making it possible to provide excellent refrigeration capacity.
[0061] 2. Equipment The disclosed apparatus includes one or more hoses and a heat transfer fluid for circulating the heat transfer fluid through the hoses, the heat transfer fluid comprising fluoroethylene.
[0062] In the device of the present disclosure, the type of hose is not particularly limited, and for example, a wide variety of known hoses can be applied, including, for example, hoses made of resin or metal, and a resin hose is preferable, and among them, it is more preferable to apply the above-mentioned hose A, hose B, hose C, etc., and particularly preferable is hose A. When the device of the present disclosure uses two or more hoses, the hoses may all be the same, or some or all of them may be different.
[0063] The heat transfer fluid circulated in the device of the present disclosure is the same as the heat transfer fluid circulated in the above-mentioned transfer method of the present disclosure. Therefore, the fluoroethylene contained in the heat transfer fluid circulated in the device of the present disclosure more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene, and even more preferably contains 1,2-difluoroethylene. The fluoroethylene may consist of only at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene, or may consist of only 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0064] Also in the apparatus of the present disclosure, the 1,2-difluoroethylene preferably contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)). More specifically, the 1,2-difluoroethylene preferably contains 50% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of 1,2-difluoroethylene, and more preferably contains 70% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E). It is preferable that the content is 80 mass % or more, more preferable that the content is 90 mass % or more. The 1,2-difluoroethylene may consist of only HFO-1132(E).
[0065] In the device of the present disclosure, the heat transfer fluid may contain a component other than fluoroethylene, and such a component may be, for example, the same as the component other than fluoroethylene used in the transfer method of the present disclosure. Thus, examples of refrigerants other than fluoroethylene include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), HFC-32, R290 (propane), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1234ze, pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1-difluoroethane, and the like. Examples of the refrigerant include fluoroethylene (HFC-152a), 1,2-difluoroethane (HFC-152), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea). Among these, the refrigerant other than fluoroethylene preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of HFC-32, HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf, R744, and R290. One embodiment of the heat transfer fluid is a mixture containing the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
[0066] When the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf, its content is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf in an amount of preferably 40 mass% or more, more preferably 50 mass% or more, and even more preferably 70 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene and HFO-1234yf. The heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf in an amount of preferably 90 mass% or less, and more preferably 85 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene and HFO-1234yf.
[0067] When the heat transfer fluid further contains HFC-32, its content is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFC-32 in an amount of 5 mass% or more, more preferably 10 mass% or more, and even more preferably 20 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32. The heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFC-32 in an amount of 80 mass% or less, more preferably 70 mass% or less, even more preferably 60 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 50 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
[0068] The heat transfer fluid particularly preferably contains HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and may consist solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.
[0069] According to the device of the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress refrigerant loss during circulation of a heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene, and to stably transfer fluoroethylene. Therefore, the device of the present disclosure can be suitably used in various types of refrigerators and air conditioners, and can be applied to, for example, fixed refrigeration or air conditioning in buildings, or mobile refrigeration or air conditioning in vehicles, etc.
[0070] 3. Refrigeration systems and hoses for refrigeration systems The refrigeration system of the present disclosure includes a hose for circulating a heat transfer fluid. The thermal fluid includes fluoroethylene.
[0071] The heat transfer fluid circulated in the refrigeration system of the present disclosure is the same as the heat transfer fluid circulated in the above-mentioned transfer method of the present disclosure. Therefore, the fluoroethylene contained in the heat transfer fluid circulated in the refrigeration system of the present disclosure more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene, and further preferably contains 1,2-difluoroethylene. The fluoroethylene may be composed of only at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene and 1,2-difluoroethylene, or may be composed of only 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0072] Also in the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, the 1,2-difluoroethylene preferably contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)). More specifically, the 1,2-difluoroethylene preferably contains 50% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of 1,2-difluoroethylene, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more. The 1,2-difluoroethylene may consist only of HFO-1132(E).
[0073] In the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, the heat transfer fluid may contain components other than fluoroethylene, and such components may be, for example, similar to the components other than fluoroethylene used in the transfer method of the present disclosure. Thus, examples of refrigerants other than fluoroethylene include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), HFC-32, R290 (propane), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1234ze, pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1-difluoroethane, and the like. Examples of the refrigerant include fluoroethylene (HFC-152a), 1,2-difluoroethane (HFC-152), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea). Among these, the refrigerant other than fluoroethylene preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of HFC-32, HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf, R744, and R290. One embodiment of the heat transfer fluid is a mixture containing the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
[0074] When the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1234yf, its content is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFO-1234yf at 40 mass% or more, more preferably at 50 mass% or more, and even more preferably at 70 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene and HFO-1234yf.
[0075] In the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, when the heat transfer fluid further contains HFC-32, the content ratio thereof is not particularly limited. For example, the heat transfer fluid preferably contains HFC-32 in an amount of 5 mass% or more, more preferably 10 mass% or more, and even more preferably 20 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the fluoroethylene, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
[0076] In the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, it is particularly preferred that the heat transfer fluid contains HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The heat transfer fluid may consist solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.
[0077] In the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, the material and structure of the hose are not particularly limited, and for example, a wide variety of known hoses can be applied, such as hoses made of resin or metal. A resin hose is preferable, and among them, it is more preferable to apply the above-mentioned hose A, hose B, hose C, etc., with hose A being particularly preferable.
[0078] According to the refrigeration system of the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress the loss of refrigerant when circulating a heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene, and to stably transfer fluoroethylene. Therefore, the refrigeration system of the present disclosure can be suitably used in various refrigerators and various air conditioners, and can be applied to, for example, fixed refrigeration or air conditioners in buildings, or mobile refrigeration or air conditioners in vehicles, etc.
[0079] The hose for a refrigeration system of the present disclosure includes the above-mentioned hose A, hose B, or hose C. Such a hose for a refrigeration system can be suitably used in the refrigeration system of the present disclosure. In addition, the hose for a refrigeration system of the present disclosure can be suitably used as a hose for transporting the heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene.
[0080] In specifying the invention included in the present disclosure, the configurations (properties, structures, functions, etc.) described in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be combined in any manner. In other words, the present disclosure includes all subject matter consisting of all combinations of the configurations that can be combined as described in this specification. EXAMPLES
[0081] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of these examples.
[0082] Example 1 A hose (Bridgestone "Hose Flexible High (92490-4BC0A)") consisting of a core layer (innermost layer) made of polyamide 6 (PA6), a rubber layer (inner layer) made of butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), a reinforcing layer made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a coating layer (outer layer) made of butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) was swaged at both ends. A test hose was produced by capping one end of the hose and attaching a valve to the other end. The hose permeation rate (kg / m) of the heat transfer fluid through this test hose was measured. 2 / year) was measured with reference to the procedure outlined in the standard SAE J3062. In this test, a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf (containing 77% by mass of HFO-1234yf) was used as the heat transfer fluid, and the heat transfer fluid was filled into the test hose to 80% by volume at 80°C. The test hose filled with the heat transfer fluid was placed in a thermostatic chamber and held at 80°C for 25 days, the hose was removed at predetermined intervals and the weight was measured at each time, and the loss of the heat transfer fluid from the initial charge was taken as the refrigerant loss. Finally, the weight was measured five times at intervals of 24 hours or more during the final five days of the test period. The total loss at the end of the test was divided by the number of days in the period (5 days), and the value was multiplied by a coefficient R defined in the following formula (a) to obtain the hose permeation rate (kg / m 2 / year) was measured. Coefficient R = 365.24 / (π × D × L) (a) In the above formula (a), 365.24 is the number of days in a year (days), D is the inner diameter (mm) of the hose used in the test, and L is the length (mm) of the rubber part of the hose used in the test.
[0083] Example 1A The inner core is made of polyamide 6 (PA6) and EVAL (EVOH, ethylene content 27 mol%, free volume 40 Å). 3 The core layer (innermost layer) is made of an outer core layer consisting of The hose permeation rate (kg / m) was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a hose (manufactured by ContiTech) was used in which a rubber layer (inner layer) made of IIR rubber, a reinforcing layer made of aramid fiber (AR), and a coating layer (outer coating layer) made of ethylene propylene rubber (EPM) were laminated in that order. 2 / year) was measured.
[0084] (Reference example 1) The hose permeation rate (kg / m) was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat transfer fluid was changed to HFO-1234yf alone. 2 / year) was measured.
[0085] [Table 1]
[0086] As can be seen from Table 1, the hose permeation rate was small even when the heat transfer fluid contained fluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) as in Example 1. Moreover, the hose used in Example 1A had an even smaller hose permeation rate. This shows that by using Hose A to transfer a heat transfer fluid containing fluoroethylene, it is possible to suppress refrigerant loss during transfer and to stably transfer fluoroethylene.
[0087] (Material stability evaluation of hoses) (Examples 2 to 11) The stability of each hose material was evaluated with reference to the procedure outlined in the standard SAE J2670. An autoclave was used as the test container, and the container was filled with refrigeration oil, hose material, and heat transfer fluid for evaluation. In this test, ND-OIL 11 was used as the refrigeration oil. As the hose, the same hose as in Example 1 was used except that the core layer (innermost layer) of the hose material was changed to EPDM in Examples 2 and 3, to IIR in Examples 4 and 5, to PA6 in Examples 6 and 7, and to HNBR in Examples 8 and 9. As the test piece (dumbbell-shaped) of the hose material, a JIS K7139 No. 7 test piece was used, with a thickness of 2 mm. As the heat transfer fluid, a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf (containing 77% by mass of HFO-1234yf) or HFO-1234yf was used, and such heat transfer fluid was filled into the autoclave so as to achieve an absolute pressure of 3 MPa at 150°C. In Examples 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, HFO-1234yf was used as the heat transfer fluid, and in Examples 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf (containing 77% by mass of HFO-1234yf) was used as the heat transfer fluid. The autoclave filled with the heat transfer fluid was placed in a thermostatic chamber and held at 150°C for 720 hours (200 hours when the hose material was PA6). After the test, the test specimen was taken out and the weight, thickness, and breaking strain were measured, and the rate of change before and after the measurement was calculated.
[0088] [Table 2]
[0089] As shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-5, the comparison of Examples 2 and 3, the comparison of Examples 4 and 5, the comparison of Examples 6 and 7, the comparison of Examples 8 and 9, and the comparison of Examples 10 and 11 show that the stability of each rubber material to HFO-1234yf, and the stability of each rubber material to a mixture of HFO-1132E and HFO-1234yf (rate of change in weight, rate of change in thickness, rate of change in breaking strain) are equivalent.
Claims
1. A method for transferring heat transfer fluid within a refrigeration system or air conditioning system, The system includes a circulation step of circulating a heat transfer fluid through one or more hoses within the system, The heat transfer fluid includes fluoroethylene, The fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene, The hose is made of resin, A method for transferring a heat transfer fluid, wherein the hose comprises a core layer and a covering layer that covers the core layer, and a rubber layer is provided between the core layer and the covering layer.
2. The transfer method according to claim 1, wherein the fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene E.
3. The aforementioned circulation process is, A step of circulating the heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the condenser, A step of circulating the heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator, and A process of circulating heat transfer fluid through the hose connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the compressor. The transfer method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one step selected from the group consisting of the following.
4. A freezing method comprising the step of performing freezing using the transfer method described in claim 1 or 2.
5. A refrigeration system equipped with a hose for circulating a heat transfer fluid, The heat transfer fluid includes fluoroethylene, The fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene, The hose is made of resin, A refrigeration system comprising a hose having a core layer and a covering layer covering the core layer, with a rubber layer between the core layer and the covering layer.
6. The refrigeration system according to claim 5, wherein the fluoroethylene includes 1,2-difluoroethylene E.