Method for manufacturing substrate including hardened film

Abstract

To provide a method for manufacturing a substrate including a hardened film that is superior in durability, while reducing electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and material usage.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a substrate including a hardened film includes the steps of: coating at least a part of a surface of the substrate with an ultraviolet curable resin coating material which has a viscosity coefficient of less than 30 mPa s / 25°C and in which the content of a non-reactive volatile organic solvent with a boiling point of 200°C or lower is less than 1% of the whole material; and curing the ultraviolet curable resin coating material to form a hardened film, by applying ultraviolet irradiation using a light source unit to the surface of the substrate coated with the ultraviolet curable resin coating material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a substrate having a cured film. [Background technology]

[0002] Transparent synthetic resins such as polycarbonate (PC) are excellent in transparency, moldability, and mechanical properties, and are therefore used in many fields, such as outer lenses (translucent covers) for lamps of automobiles and motorcycles, lenses for glasses, covers for optical sensors, and various liquid crystal panels. However, on the surface of a molded product such as a synthetic resin, when the surface temperature falls below the dew point temperature, moisture in the air condenses into fine droplets, causing fogging. This reduces light transmittance, causing poor visibility, and malfunctioning of sensors, etc. There is also a problem that scratches or dirt adhere to the surface of a molded product such as a synthetic resin, reducing light transmittance, causing poor visibility, and malfunctioning of sensors, etc. In order to prevent such problems, a cured film is formed on the surface of a substrate such as a synthetic resin to ensure transparency (anti-fogging performance, scratch resistance, etc.).

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a vehicle lens with an anti-fog coating film, which includes a painting process in which paint is sprayed onto a substrate with a paint gun, a drying process for the paint, and a curing process in which the paint is thermally cured or UV-cured. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 3859467 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, conventional paints are highly viscous and cannot be applied with a paint gun unless they are diluted with an organic solvent, and the inclusion of organic solvents increases the total amount of paint, and a drying process is required after the paint is applied. As a result, it is not possible to fully reduce electricity consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and it is also difficult to reduce the amount of materials used. In addition, there are problems with thermosetting paints, such as the inability to ensure sufficient durability.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a method for producing a substrate having a cured film with excellent durability while reducing electricity consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and materials. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A step of applying an ultraviolet-curable resin coating material having a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a content of non-reactive volatile organic solvents having a boiling point of 200°C or less in the total amount of the coating material to at least a part of the surface of the substrate; and a step of irradiating the surface of the substrate on which the ultraviolet-curable resin coating has been applied with ultraviolet light from a light source unit to harden the ultraviolet-curable resin coating to form a hardened film. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a process for producing a substrate having a cured film of the present invention. [Figure 2A] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an ultraviolet irradiation method of the present invention. [Figure 2B] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an ultraviolet irradiation method of the present invention. [Figure 2C] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an ultraviolet irradiation method of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 1 is a table summarizing the results of comparison between Examples and Comparative Examples of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the method for producing a substrate having a cured film of the present invention includes a filling step (S1) of filling a coating gun with an ultraviolet-curable resin coating material, a preparation step (S2) of fixing the substrate to a coating jig, a coating step (S3) of applying the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material to the surface of the substrate, and a curing step (S4) of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material by irradiating ultraviolet rays to form a cured film.

[0010] (filling process) In order to perform spray painting using a paint gun, the paint gun is filled with ultraviolet-curable resin paint. Note that the method of applying the ultraviolet-curable resin paint is not limited to using a paint gun, and application methods using ink jet or a dispenser, etc., can also be used.

[0011] The ultraviolet-curing resin coating contains a monomer or oligomer and a radical generator, and has a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a boiling point of 200°C or less, with the content of non-reactive volatile organic solvents of less than 1% of the total.

[0012] As the monomer or oligomer, a low molecular weight and hydrophilic monomer or oligomer such as dimethylacrylamide, pentaerythritol, epoxy acrylate, or acrylic acid can be used. By using a low molecular weight monomer or oligomer, the viscosity of the ultraviolet curing resin paint can be reduced. In detail, the viscosity of the ultraviolet curing resin paint can be reduced to less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C, which is suitable for performing spray painting. Therefore, when performing spray painting, spray painting can be performed without diluting the ultraviolet curing resin paint with an organic solvent to reduce the viscosity. Therefore, the drying process of the ultraviolet curing resin paint, which was previously heated at 65°C to 80°C for 5 to 20 minutes, becomes unnecessary. In other words, the amount of electricity used and carbon dioxide emissions required for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film can be reduced, and the manufacturing time can be shortened.

[0013] In addition, since there is no need to dilute the ultraviolet-curable resin paint with an organic solvent, the content of non-reactive volatile organic solvents with a boiling point of 200°C or less in the ultraviolet-curable resin paint is less than 1% of the total. Therefore, 99% or more by mass of the ultraviolet-curable resin paint becomes a cured film on the surface of the substrate. In other words, since 99% or more of the ultraviolet-curable resin paint becomes an active ingredient, the total amount of ultraviolet-curable resin paint required to form a cured film on the surface of the substrate can be reduced.

[0014] Furthermore, by using a hydrophilic monomer or oligomer, the surface of the cured film can be provided with hydrophilic function. Therefore, the contact angle between the surface of the cured film and water can be reduced. Therefore, moisture is diffused on the surface of the cured film to form a water film, and the anti-fogging property of the substrate can be ensured.

[0015] The radical generator is an additive that generates highly active radicals by irradiation with ultraviolet light. The radical species undergoes decomposition and reacts with resin components such as monomers or oligomers. This reaction product further reacts with another resin component, causing a chain reaction to proceed. Then, the crosslinking reaction proceeds, increasing the molecular weight, curing the monomer or oligomer, and forming a cured film. By curing the monomer or oligomer by irradiation with ultraviolet light, the crosslink density is increased compared to conventional thermosetting cured films, and a cured film that is strong and has excellent heat resistance can be formed. Therefore, a cured film with excellent durability can be formed on the substrate.

[0016] Examples of the radical generator include ketones such as benzophenone, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin propyl ether, diethoxyacetophenone, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone; azos such as 2,2'-azobisisobutylnitrile, azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile, and azobisdivaleronitrile; organic peroxides such as t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxyisopropylcarbonate, 2,2-bis(4,4-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl)propane, di-t-butyl peroxide, and di-t-amyl peroxide; and acylphosphine compounds such as 2,6-dimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide. Among these, it is preferable to use a radical generator that causes a radical reaction with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm. By using a radical generator that causes a radical reaction with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm, a light-emitting diode with low electricity consumption can be used as a light source unit for irradiating ultraviolet light. These radical generators may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0017] In addition to the radical generator, the ultraviolet-curable resin coating may contain various additives such as an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, and a dye.

[0018] (preparation process) 2A, the substrate 20 to be coated is fixed to a coating jig 30. The coating jig 30 has a box shape with an opening 31 provided at the top, and the substrate 20 is disposed so as to cover the opening 31. Note that the shape of the coating jig 30 is not limited to a box shape as long as it is capable of fixing the substrate 20.

[0019] The base material 20 has an outer surface and an inner surface which are a pair of main surfaces (surfaces) facing each other. The base material 20 may be made of hydrophobic synthetic resins such as polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or hydrophobic materials such as glass.

[0020] (Painting process) A paint gun filled with ultraviolet-curable resin paint is used to apply the ultraviolet-curable resin paint 10 to the outer surface and part of the inner surface of the substrate 20. The ultraviolet-curable resin paint 10 applied to the outer surface of the substrate 20 functions as a hard coat 10A, and the ultraviolet-curable resin paint 10 applied to the inner surface of the substrate 20 functions as an anti-fog coat 10B.

[0021] (hardening process) As shown in Fig. 2A, a light source unit 40 is provided on both the inside and outside of the substrate 20 to irradiate ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light irradiated from the light source unit 40 cures the ultraviolet-curable resin coating 10 applied to the surface of the substrate 20 to form a cured film (hard coat 10A and anti-fog coat 10B). Since the light source unit 40 is provided on both sides of the substrate 20, the ultraviolet-curable resin coating 10 applied to both the inside and outside of the substrate 20 can be cured simultaneously. Therefore, the time required to cure the ultraviolet-curable resin coating can be shortened.

[0022] As the light source unit 40, various light source units capable of irradiating ultraviolet rays with a peak wavelength of 200 nm to 400 nm, such as an LED-UV lamp (light emitting diode), a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, etc., can be used. Note that it is preferable to use an LED-UV lamp with a peak wavelength of 365 nm. By using an LED-UV lamp, it is possible to reduce the amount of electricity used to irradiate ultraviolet rays.

[0023] Substrates having a cured film can be used for outer lenses (light-transmitting covers) of vehicle lamps, ski goggles, security camera lenses, thermostatic oven windows, and the like.

[0024] [Variation 1] A first modified example of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film according to the present embodiment will be described below. The first modified example of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film includes a filling step of filling a coating gun with an ultraviolet-curable resin coating material, a preparation step of fixing the substrate to a coating jig, a coating step of applying the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material to the surface of the substrate, and a curing step of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material by irradiating ultraviolet rays to form a cured film.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 2B, in the first modification of the method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film, in the curing step, a light source unit 40 is provided on the outside of the substrate 20, and a reflector 50 is provided on the inside of the substrate 20. Therefore, the outside of the substrate 20 is directly irradiated with ultraviolet light emitted from the light source unit 40, and the inside of the substrate 20 is indirectly irradiated with ultraviolet light reflected by the reflector 50. Therefore, the ultraviolet-curable resin coating on both the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate can be cured simultaneously with one light source unit. Therefore, the amount of electricity used to cure the ultraviolet-curable resin coating and the amount of carbon dioxide discharged can be reduced, and the time required to cure the ultraviolet-curable resin coating can be shortened. In addition, the irradiation direction can be easily adjusted by adjusting the position of the reflector 50. The light source unit 40 and the reflector 50 may be provided on both the outer and inner sides of the substrate 20, respectively. With this configuration, both the outer and inner sides of the substrate 20 are simultaneously directly irradiated with ultraviolet light emitted from the light source unit 40 and indirectly irradiated with ultraviolet light reflected by the reflector 50. Therefore, the time required to cure the ultraviolet curable resin coating material can be further shortened.

[0026] [Variation 2] A second modified example of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film according to the present embodiment will be described below. The second modified example of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film includes a filling step of filling a coating gun with an ultraviolet-curable resin coating material, a preparation step of fixing the substrate to a coating jig, a coating step of applying the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material to the surface of the substrate, and a curing step of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating material by irradiating ultraviolet rays to form a cured film.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 2C, in the second modification of the method for producing a substrate having a cured film, in the curing step, the light source unit 40 is provided so as to be rotatable around the substrate 20 by a rotation mechanism (not shown). When the light source unit 40 rotates around the substrate 20, the light source unit 40 is rotated so that the light emitted from the light source unit 40 is directed toward the substrate 20. Therefore, one light source unit 40 can directly irradiate ultraviolet rays to both the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate 20. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions required for curing the ultraviolet curing resin coating material. It is also possible to reduce uneven irradiation of the ultraviolet curing resin coating material. Note that a plurality of light source units may be provided. This configuration can further reduce the time required to cure the ultraviolet curing resin coating material. It is also possible to configure the substrate 20 so that the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate 20 are irradiated with ultraviolet rays by fixing the light source unit 40 and rotating the substrate 20. EXAMPLES

[0028] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0029] [Preparation of UV-curable resin coating used in the examples] As a monomer or oligomer, 95 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (product name: P2708, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and a radical generator (product name: 5 parts by mass of Omnirad184 (manufactured by IGM Resins Co., Ltd.) was mixed to prepare an ultraviolet-curable resin paint used in the examples, which had a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a content of non-reactive volatile organic solvents with a boiling point of 200°C or less of less than 1% of the total. This ultraviolet-curable resin paint was used in the following Examples 1 to 7.

[0030] Example 1 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. The UV irradiation method used a single high-pressure mercury lamp as a light source unit, and the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate were irradiated with UV light in turn.

[0031] Example 2 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. The UV irradiation method used an LED-UV lamp as a light source unit, and the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate were irradiated with UV light in turn.

[0032] Example 3 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. For the UV irradiation method, one LED-UV lamp was used as the light source unit, and the LED-UV lamp was rotated around the substrate by a rotation mechanism. In other words, the UV light was irradiated alternately to either the outer or inner surface of the substrate.

[0033] Example 4 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. For the UV irradiation method, one LED-UV lamp was used as the light source unit, and the LED-UV lamp was rotated around the substrate by a rotation mechanism. In addition, one reflector was provided on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. In other words, the surface of the substrate on the side where the LED-UV lamp is located is directly irradiated with UV light from the light source unit, and at the same time, the surface on the opposite side is indirectly irradiated with UV light reflected by the reflector.

[0034] Example 5 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. For UV irradiation, two LED-UV lamps were used as light source units, with one LED-UV lamp placed on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. In addition, the two LED-UV lamps were rotated around the substrate using a rotation mechanism. In other words, the substrate was configured so that both sides were directly irradiated with UV light from the LED-UV lamps at the same time.

[0035] Example 6 An ultraviolet-curing resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. For the ultraviolet irradiation method, two LED-UV lamps were used as light source units, with one LED-UV lamp placed on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. The two LED-UV lamps were rotated around the substrate using a rotation mechanism. Furthermore, one reflector was provided on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. In other words, the substrate was configured so that both sides were simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet light from the LED-UV lamps both directly and indirectly.

[0036] Example 7 An ultraviolet-curing resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. For the ultraviolet irradiation method, two LED-UV lamps were used as light source units, with one LED-UV lamp placed on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. In addition, one reflector was provided on each of the outer and inner sides of the substrate. In other words, the substrate was configured so that both sides were simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet light from the LED-UV lamps both directly and indirectly.

[0037] [Preparation of UV-curable resin coating material for use in comparative examples] 45 parts by mass of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (product name: P2084, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a monomer or oligomer was mixed with 5 parts by mass of a radical generator (product name: Omnirad184, manufactured by IGM Resins Co., Ltd.), and then 50 parts by mass of an organic solvent (product name: methyl ethyl ketone, manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare an ultraviolet-curable resin paint used in the comparative examples, which has a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a boiling point of 200°C or less and a non-reactive volatile organic solvent content of 40% of the total. This ultraviolet-curable resin paint was used in the following Comparative Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 The UV-curable resin paint was applied to the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. A drying process was carried out by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes, and the UV-curable resin paint was dried and then irradiated with UV rays. For the UV irradiation method, a single high-pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source unit, and the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate were irradiated with UV rays in turn, one side at a time.

[0039] (Evaluation of material consumption) The amount of material consumed was evaluated on a five-level scale from A to E by measuring the amount of material applied in a wet state immediately after applying the ultraviolet-curable resin paint of Examples 1 to 7 or Comparative Example 1 to both sides of the substrate. The amount of material applied is the total amount of the ultraviolet-curable resin paint applied to both the outer and inner surfaces of the substrate. The evaluation was performed when the amount of material applied was 5 to 10 g / m 2 If the coating amount is 11 to 15 g / m, it is classified as A. 2 If it is, classify it as B, and the coating amount is 16 to 20 g / m 2 If the coating amount is 21-30g / m, it is classified as C. 2 If the coating amount is 31 g / m, it is classified as D. 2 If it was equal to or greater than this, it was rated as E. FIG.

[0040] (Production time evaluation) The time required from the start of irradiation of ultraviolet rays by the light source unit until the ultraviolet-curable resin coating applied to both sides of the substrate was cured was measured, and the production time was evaluated on a 5-point scale of A to E. The illuminance of ultraviolet rays from the light source unit was constant regardless of the elapsed time. The evaluation was as follows: A when the measured time was 20 seconds or less; B when the measured time was 21 to 40 seconds; C when the measured time was 41 to 60 seconds; D when the measured time was 61 to 80 seconds; and E when the measured time was 81 seconds or more. FIG. 3 shows the evaluation results of the production time of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1.

[0041] (Power consumption rating) The power consumption was evaluated on a five-level scale of A to E based on the presence or absence of a drying process in the manufacturing process of Examples 1 to 7 or Comparative Example 1, the type of light source unit used, and the presence or absence of rotation of the light source unit. The evaluation was as follows: A when there was no drying process and a UV-LED lamp was used as the light source unit and the light source unit was not rotated; B when there was no drying process and a UV-LED lamp was used as the light source unit and the light source unit was rotated; C when there was no drying process and a high-pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source unit and the light source unit was not rotated; D when there was a drying process and a high-pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source unit and the light source unit was not rotated; and E when there was a drying process and a high-pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source unit and the light source unit was rotated. FIG. 3 shows the evaluation results of the power consumption of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1.

[0042] From the results of Examples 1 to 7, when using an ultraviolet-curing resin paint with a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a content of non-reactive volatile organic solvents with a boiling point of 200°C or less that is less than 1% of the total, the coating amount is 5 to 10 g / m2 in the evaluation of the material consumption. 2 It is clear that the amount of material consumed can be reduced, as the measurement time was 80 seconds or less in the evaluation of the manufacturing time, and it is clear that the manufacturing time can be reduced, as the evaluation of the power consumption was rated C or higher, which indicates that the amount of electricity consumed can be reduced.

[0043] From the results of Examples 2 to 7, it is clear that when a UV-LED lamp is used as a light source unit, the power consumption is rated as B or higher, which indicates that the amount of electricity used can be further reduced.

[0044] From the results of Examples 4 and 6 to 7, it is clear that when a reflector is provided, the measurement time is 60 seconds or less in the evaluation of the manufacturing time, and therefore the manufacturing time can be further reduced.

[0045] From the results of Examples 5 to 7, it is clear that when two light source units are used, one on each side of the substrate, the evaluation of the manufacturing time showed that the measurement time was 40 seconds or less, and therefore the manufacturing time can be further reduced.

[0046] From the results of Examples 6 to 7, it is clear that when two light source units and two reflectors are used, with one light source unit and one reflector arranged on each side of the substrate, the evaluation of the manufacturing time showed that the measurement time was 20 seconds or less, thereby enabling a further reduction in manufacturing time.

[0047] In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, which used an ultraviolet-curing resin paint with a viscosity of less than 30 mPa s / 25°C and a non-reactive volatile organic solvent content of 40% of the total, the coating amount was 31 g / m2 in the evaluation of material consumption. 2 As a result, it has not been possible to reduce material consumption. Also, in the evaluation of manufacturing time, the measured time was over 81 seconds, which means that it takes a long time for the UV-curable resin paint to harden. Furthermore, in the evaluation of power consumption, it was given a rating of D, which means that it is clear that it has not been possible to reduce electricity consumption.

[0048] As described above, according to the method for producing a substrate having a cured film of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing a substrate having a cured film with excellent durability while reducing electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and materials. [Explanation of symbols]

[0049] 10 UV-curable resin paint 10A Hard Coat 10B Anti-fog Coat 20 Base material 30 Painting fixture 31 Opening 40 Light source unit 50 Reflector

Claims

1. A step of applying a UV-curable resin coating for hard coating to one of the main surfaces of a translucent substrate having a pair of main surfaces facing each other, and a UV-curable resin coating for anti-fogging coating to the other main surface, In an irradiation process using ultraviolet light with a central wavelength of 365 nm emitted from a light source, the paints applied to one and the other main surface are simultaneously cured to form a hard coat layer on one of the main surfaces and an anti-fogging coat layer on the other main surface. A method for producing a base material containing, A method for manufacturing a substrate, wherein the UV-curable resin coating for hard coat and the UV-curable resin coating for anti-fogging coat contain less than 1% of a non-reactive volatile organic solvent with a viscosity of less than 30 mPa·s / 25°C and a boiling point of 200°C or less, and each coating further contains a radical generating agent that undergoes a radical reaction when exposed to 365 nm ultraviolet light.

2. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, A method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film in which the light source unit is a light-emitting diode.

3. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, A method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film, comprising the step of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating to form the cured film by irradiating it with ultraviolet light using the light source unit disposed on one side of the main surface of the substrate and the reflector disposed on the other side of the main surface of the substrate.

4. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, A method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film, comprising the step of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating to form the cured film by irradiating it with ultraviolet light using the light source unit which is rotatable around the substrate.

5. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, A method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film, comprising the step of curing the ultraviolet-curable resin coating to form the cured film by irradiating it with ultraviolet light using the light source unit and reflector, which are respectively arranged on one side and the other side of the main surface of the substrate.

6. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, A method for manufacturing a substrate having a cured film which is the outer lens of a vehicle light fixture.

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