Indirect bonding device and method for using same

Abstract

The indirect bonding device includes a first tray and a second tray. The first tray is configured to be removably coupled to a tooth having a tooth surface. The second tray is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray. The first tray includes a cavity extending at least partially from a first inner surface to a first outer surface along a longitudinal axis. An orthodontic appliance is at least partially and removably received within the cavity. An adhesive layer is disposed on a base surface of the orthodontic appliance. When the first tray is removably coupled to the tooth, the adhesive layer is spaced from the tooth surface. Furthermore, when the second tray is removably coupled to the first tray, the second tray engages the first tray and moves the orthodontic appliance toward the tooth surface such that the adhesive layer contacts the tooth surface.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to bonding devices and methods, and more particularly to indirect bonding devices and methods for multiple teeth. The methods may be used to bond orthodontic appliances to multiple teeth using an indirect bonding device. [Background technology]

[0002] Orthodontic appliances, such as orthodontic brackets, may be used by dentists in orthodontic treatment to move one or more of a patient's teeth from an abnormal position to a desired position within the patient's dentition. Orthodontic treatment may improve the patient's facial appearance. In some cases, orthodontic treatment may also improve the function of the teeth by providing an improved occlusion during chewing.

[0003] Orthodontic treatment involves the movement of displaced teeth to desired positions in the oral cavity. Orthodontic treatment can improve a patient's facial appearance, especially when the teeth are significantly misaligned or when the upper and lower teeth are misaligned relative to one another. Orthodontic treatment can also improve the function of the teeth by providing a better bite during chewing.

[0004] One common type of orthodontic treatment involves the use of tiny slotted appliances known as brackets. The brackets are affixed to the patient's teeth and an archwire is placed within the slot of each bracket. The archwire forms a track that guides the movement of the teeth to desired positions.

[0005] The ends of orthodontic archwires are often connected to small appliances known as buccal tubes that are secured to the patient's molar teeth. Often, a patient is provided with a set of brackets, buccal tubes, and archwires for each of their upper and lower dental arches. The brackets, buccal tubes, and archwires are commonly collectively referred to as "braces."

[0006] In many types of orthodontic techniques, the correct position of the appliances on the teeth is an important factor in helping to ensure that the teeth move to their targeted final positions. For example, one common type of orthodontic treatment technique is known as the "straight-wire" technique, in which the archwire is in a horizontal plane at the completion of treatment. Therefore, the brackets must be correctly positioned at the beginning of treatment so that the teeth will be properly aligned when the archwire is straight and in a horizontal plane. For example, if the brackets are attached to the teeth too close to the occlusal or outer tips of the teeth, an orthodontist using the straight-wire technique may find that the teeth in their final positions are pushed in too far. On the other hand, if the brackets are attached to the teeth closer to the gums than the proper position, the final positions of the teeth tend to be pushed outward more than desired.

[0007] One technique for bonding orthodontic appliances to teeth is known as indirect bonding. In the past, known indirect bonding techniques often used a placement device or transfer apparatus having a shape that matches the configuration of at least a portion of the patient's dental arch. One type of transfer apparatus is often called a "transfer tray" or "indirect bonding tray" and typically has cavities for receiving several teeth simultaneously. A set of appliances, such as brackets, are removably connected to the tray at specific, predetermined locations.

[0008] During use of a bonding tray for indirect bonding, an adhesive is typically applied to the base of each appliance by the orthodontist or staff member. The tray is then placed over the patient's teeth and remains in place until the adhesive hardens. The tray is then removed from the teeth and appliances, so that all of the appliances previously connected to the tray are now bonded to their respective teeth in their intended positions.

[0009] Conventional orthodontic adhesives are typically highly loaded, which results in a white or tooth-colored adhesive. It is desirable that a sufficient, but not excessive, amount of adhesive is used to bond the bracket to the tooth structure. Excess adhesive on the tooth structure can eventually become a site for bacterial accumulation and / or staining from food or beverages. Because orthodontic treatment can last 18-36 months or more, bacterial accumulation can damage the tooth structure and can cause discoloration of the adhesive, both of which are undesirable. In cases where there is a similarity between the color of the adhesive and the color of the teeth, i.e., due to the lack of a contrasting color in the adhesive, it can be difficult to identify and remove excess adhesive from the tooth structure. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an indirect bonding device. The indirect bonding device includes a first tray. The first tray is configured to be removably coupled to a tooth having a tooth surface. The first tray includes a first inner surface conforming at least partially to the tooth surface. The first tray further includes a first outer surface opposite the first inner surface. The first tray further includes a cavity extending at least partially from the first inner surface to the first outer surface along a longitudinal axis. The indirect bonding device further includes an orthodontic appliance at least partially and removably received within the cavity. The orthodontic appliance includes a base surface and an adhesive layer disposed on the base surface. The adhesive layer is configured to bond the orthodontic appliance to the tooth. The indirect bonding device further includes a second tray configured to be removably coupled to the first tray. When the first tray is removably coupled to the tooth with the second tray detached from the first tray, the adhesive layer is spaced from the tooth surface. Additionally, when the second tray is removably coupled to the first tray, the second tray engages the first tray and moves the orthodontic appliances toward the tooth surfaces such that the adhesive layer contacts the tooth surfaces.

[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an indirect bonding device. The indirect bonding device includes a first tray. The first tray includes a first inner surface and a first outer surface opposite the first inner surface. The first tray further includes a cavity extending at least partially from the first inner surface to the first outer surface along a longitudinal axis. The indirect bonding device further includes an orthodontic appliance at least partially and removably received within the cavity. The orthodontic appliance includes a base surface. The indirect bonding device further includes a second tray configured to be removably coupled to the first tray. The second tray includes a second inner surface and a second outer surface opposite the second inner surface. When the orthodontic appliance is received within the cavity of the first tray with the second tray detached from the first tray, the base surface of the orthodontic appliance is disposed within the cavity and spaced apart from the first inner surface by a first gap along the longitudinal axis. Furthermore, when the second tray is removably coupled to the first tray, a second inner surface of the second tray engages the first tray and moves the orthodontic appliances toward the first inner surface such that a base surface of the orthodontic appliance is spaced apart from the first inner surface along the longitudinal axis by a second gap, the second gap being smaller than the first gap.

[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for a plurality of teeth. Each tooth of the plurality of teeth has a tooth surface. The method includes providing a first tray including a plurality of cavities and a plurality of orthodontic appliances. Each orthodontic appliance of the plurality of orthodontic appliances is at least partially and removably received in a corresponding one of the plurality of cavities. Additionally, an adhesive layer is provided on a base surface of each orthodontic appliance. The method further includes removably coupling the first tray to the plurality of teeth, wherein an adhesive layer provided on a base surface of a corresponding one of the plurality of orthodontic appliances is spaced from a tooth surface of the corresponding one of the plurality of teeth. The method further includes removably coupling a second tray to the first tray, and moving each orthodontic appliance toward a tooth surface of a corresponding tooth, wherein an adhesive layer provided on a base surface of a corresponding one of the plurality of orthodontic appliances contacts a tooth surface of the corresponding tooth. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may be more fully understood by consideration of the following Detailed Description in conjunction with the following figures. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Like numbers used in the figures indicate like components. However, it will be understood that the use of a number to indicate a component in a given figure is not intended to limit the component in another figure that is indicated with the same number. [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an indirect bonding device and a patient's dental arch according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and a patient's teeth according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4B] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B]1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for multiple teeth. [Figure 7A] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device and teeth according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A] FIG. 7C is a perspective view of the indirect bonding device of FIGS. 7A and 7B. [Figure 8B] FIG. 7C is a perspective view of the indirect bonding device of FIGS. 7A and 7B.

[0014] definition "Mesial" means in a direction toward the center of the patient's curved dental arch.

[0015] "Distal" means in a direction away from the center of the patient's curved dental arch.

[0016] "Occlusal" means in a direction toward the outer tips of the patient's teeth.

[0017] "Gingival" means in a direction toward the patient's gums or gingiva.

[0018] "Lingual" means in the direction toward the patient's tongue.

[0019] "Labial" means in the direction toward the patient's lips.

[0020] "Buccal" means in the direction toward the patient's cheek.

[0021] The term "generally," when used herein as a modifier to a characteristic or attribute, means that the characteristic or attribute would be readily recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified, but does not require absolute precision or perfect agreement (e.g., within ±20% for quantifiable characteristics). The term "substantially," unless otherwise specified, means a high degree of approximation (e.g., within ±10% for quantifiable characteristics), but again, does not require absolute precision or perfect agreement. Terms such as identical, equal, uniform, constant, exactly, etc., are understood to not require absolute precision or perfect agreement, but rather within normal tolerances or measurement error applicable to the particular situation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which various embodiments are shown by way of illustration. It is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0023] The present disclosure relates to an indirect bonding device. The indirect bonding device may be used to apply an orthodontic appliance to a patient's teeth. Further, the indirect bonding device may be used to apply multiple orthodontic appliances to multiple teeth of a patient.

[0024] The indirect bonding device includes a first tray. The first tray is configured to be removably coupled to a tooth having a tooth surface. The first tray includes a first inner surface at least partially conforming to the tooth surface. The first tray further includes a first outer surface opposite the first inner surface. The first tray further includes a cavity extending at least partially from the first inner surface to the first outer surface along the longitudinal axis. The indirect bonding device further includes an orthodontic appliance at least partially and removably received within the cavity. The orthodontic appliance includes a base surface and an adhesive layer disposed on the base surface. The adhesive layer is configured to bond the orthodontic appliance to the tooth. The indirect bonding device further includes a second tray configured to be removably coupled to the first tray.

[0025] When the second tray is removed from the first tray and the first tray is releasably bonded to the teeth, the adhesive layer is spaced from the tooth surfaces, and when the second tray is releasably bonded to the first tray, the second tray engages the first tray and moves the orthodontic appliances toward the tooth surfaces, causing the adhesive layer to contact the tooth surfaces.

[0026] Conventional bonding techniques may utilize "transfer trays" to apply orthodontic appliances to the patient's teeth. However, when conventional transfer trays are attached to the teeth, the orthodontic appliances approach the teeth in an occlusal-gingival direction (i.e., substantially parallel to the lingual and labial surfaces of the teeth) along with the adhesive that bonds the orthodontic appliances to the teeth. Typically, this results in smearing of the adhesive along the lingual and labial surfaces of the teeth. Smearing of the adhesive reduces the volume of adhesive that bonds the orthodontic appliances to the teeth, which can result in poor adhesion of the orthodontic appliances to the teeth. In some cases, orthodontic appliances with poor adhesion may need to be re-glued by the dentist, thus increasing the patient's chair time.

[0027] In some cases, dentists may use more adhesive than necessary to reduce the chance of poor adhesion of orthodontic appliances to teeth. However, this may result in excess adhesive being applied on the lingual and labial sides of teeth. Excess adhesive may cause uneven staining, mineralization, and / or demineralization of teeth. In some cases, excess adhesive may cause plaque accumulation leading to tooth erosion. Thus, removing excess adhesive further increases the patient's chair time.

[0028] The indirect bonding device of the present disclosure may reduce or prevent undesired rubbing of the adhesive layer on the patient's teeth. Specifically, because the adhesive layer is spaced from the tooth surface, the adhesive layer disposed on the base surface of the orthodontic appliance will not rub off onto the tooth surface when the first tray is removably bonded to the teeth. Therefore, the indirect bonding device may prevent the adhesive layer from being wiped off onto the tooth surface. Thus, the indirect bonding device may eliminate the need for the dentist to estimate and optimize the volume and thickness of the adhesive layer for secure bonding of the orthodontic appliance to the teeth. In addition, the indirect bonding device may eliminate the need to remove excess adhesive (when the dentist uses more adhesive than necessary). This may reduce the patient's chair time.

[0029] Furthermore, when the second tray is removably coupled to the first tray, the orthodontic appliance, along with the adhesive layer, may move substantially perpendicular to its tooth surface (e.g., lingual and / or labial tooth surface) to approach the tooth. Thus, the indirect bonding device may spread the adhesive layer evenly over the tooth surface. As a result, the indirect bonding device may improve the bond between the orthodontic appliance and the tooth. As a result, the indirect bonding device may provide a strong and secure bond of the orthodontic appliance, further reducing the patient's chair time.

[0030] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1A illustrates a dental arch 50 of a patient. The dental arch 50 includes a plurality of teeth 60. Each tooth 60 of the plurality of teeth 60 has a tooth surface 62. The tooth surface 62 may correspond to an outer surface of the corresponding tooth 60. The tooth surface 62 may include a labial tooth surface, a buccal tooth surface, a lingual tooth surface, and an occlusal tooth surface. Additionally, the tooth surface 62 of each tooth 60 may include an application surface and a non-application surface. An application surface may refer to a surface to which an orthodontic appliance will be applied. A non-application surface may refer to a surface other than an application surface, i.e., a surface to which an orthodontic appliance should not be applied. An application surface may be on a labial tooth surface or a lingual tooth surface of each tooth 60. As shown in FIG. 1A, each tooth 60 is partially surrounded by the patient's gingival tissue 70.

[0031] One or more teeth 60 of a patient's teeth 60 may be displaced. Thus, the patient may be required to undergo orthodontic treatment to correct the displaced one or more teeth 60. Correcting the displaced one or more teeth 60 may improve the patient's facial appearance. Furthermore, correcting the displaced one or more teeth 60 may improve the function of the one or more teeth 60 by providing an improved occlusion during chewing.

[0032] 1A further illustrates an indirect bonding device 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The indirect bonding device 100 may be used by a dentist to assist in orthodontic treatment of one or more teeth 60. The indirect bonding device 100 may be used to precisely and accurately apply orthodontic appliances to multiple teeth 60. In particular, the indirect bonding device 100 may be used to precisely and accurately apply orthodontic appliances to application surfaces of multiple teeth 60.

[0033] The indirect bonding device 100 includes a first tray 110 and a second tray 120. The first tray 110 is configured to be removably coupled to a plurality of teeth 60. Furthermore, the second tray 120 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 110.

[0034] The indirect bonding device 100 further includes a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 (shown by dashed lines). Each orthodontic appliance 130 of the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 is at least partially and removably contained within the first tray 110. Each orthodontic appliance 130 corresponds to a tooth 60 of the plurality of teeth 60. Specifically, the indirect bonding device 100 includes a corresponding orthodontic appliance 130 of the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 for a corresponding tooth 60 of the plurality of teeth 60.

[0035] When the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the plurality of teeth 60 with the second tray 120 detached from the first tray 110, each orthodontic appliance 130 is spaced apart from the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60. Furthermore, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the second tray 120 engages the first tray 110, moving each orthodontic appliance 130 towards the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60.

[0036] It should be noted that the dental arch 50 shown in FIG. 1A is the mandibular dental arch of a patient. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIG. 1A is configured according to the mandibular dental arch. In some other embodiments, the dental arch 50 may include the maxillary dental arch of a patient, and the indirect bonding device 100 may be configured according to the maxillary dental arch. Additionally, it should be noted that the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B is configured to bond the corresponding orthodontic appliance 130 to the corresponding tooth 60 on the labial tooth surface of the corresponding tooth 60. Specifically, the application surface of each tooth 60 is the labial tooth surface. In some other embodiments, the indirect bonding device 100 may be configured to bond the corresponding orthodontic appliance 130 to the corresponding tooth 60 on the lingual tooth surface of the corresponding tooth 60. Specifically, the application surface of each tooth 60 may be the lingual tooth surface. 1A is an orthodontic bracket. In some other embodiments, the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 may include any appliance that may be configured to be bonded to a plurality of teeth 60.

[0037] In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1A, the first tray 110 is a full tray. Specifically, the first tray 110 includes a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 corresponding to a plurality of teeth 60. However, in some other embodiments, the first tray 110 may be a partial tray. That is, the first tray 110 may include at least one orthodontic appliance 130 corresponding to at least one tooth 60. In some cases (e.g., overcrowding), a partial tray may be used by the dentist to allow more control over the attachment of the orthodontic appliance to the teeth. In these cases, the first tray 110 may be two or three pieces of a full tray. In some other cases, a partial tray may be used to reapply a particular orthodontic appliance that has accidentally delaminated. Specifically, a partial tray may be used to reapply a particular orthodontic appliance in the event of failure (e.g., breakage) of the orthodontic appliance. Thus, the second tray 120 may also be a partial tray corresponding to the first tray 110. However, the configuration of the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 may be varied according to desired attributes.

[0038] The indirect bonding device 100 may be used to apply multiple orthodontic appliances 130 to multiple teeth 60. In particular, the indirect bonding device 100 may be used to apply corresponding orthodontic appliances 130 to corresponding teeth 60. Advantageously, the indirect bonding device 100 may simultaneously apply multiple orthodontic appliances 130 to multiple teeth 60 when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110. In some embodiments, the indirect bonding device 100 may be used to apply at least one orthodontic appliance 130 corresponding to at least one tooth 60. The indirect bonding device 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1B, 2A, and 2B.

[0039] FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an indirect bonding device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1B further illustrates a cross-sectional side view of tooth 60A of the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A). Tooth 60A has tooth surface 62A. As discussed above, tooth surface 62A corresponds to an outer surface of tooth 60A. Tooth surface 62A includes a labial tooth surface, a buccal tooth surface, a lingual tooth surface, and an occlusal tooth surface. Furthermore, tooth surface 62A includes an application surface and a non-application surface. The application surface may be the labial tooth surface of tooth 60A or the lingual tooth surface of tooth 60A. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, the application surface is the labial tooth surface of tooth 60A and the non-application surface includes the lingual surface of tooth 60A.

[0040] The tooth 60A may include a central incisor, a lateral incisor, a canine, a premolar, a first molar, a second molar, or a third molar. Further, the tooth 60A may be of the patient's mandibular dental arch or maxillary dental arch. As shown in FIG. 1B, the tooth 60A is partially surrounded by the patient's gingival tissue 70.

[0041] In the following, reference will be made to tooth 60A, however it should be understood that the indirect bonding device 100 may include a plurality of the described features corresponding to each tooth 60 of the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A ). With reference to FIG. 1B , a first tray 110 is configured to be removably coupled to a tooth 60A having a tooth surface 62A. The first tray 110 includes a first inner surface 112 and a first outer surface 114 opposite the first inner surface 112. The first inner surface 112 at least partially conforms to the tooth surface 62A.

[0042] The second tray 120 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 110. The second tray 120 includes a second inner surface 122 and a second outer surface 124 opposite the second inner surface 122. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, the second tray 120 further includes a protrusion 123 disposed on its second inner surface 122. In some embodiments, the protrusion 123 extends toward the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110.

[0043] In some embodiments, the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110 via an interference fit. In other words, the second inner surface 122 of the second tray 120 may have a slightly smaller geometric dimension than the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110. As a result, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the second tray 120 may at least partially deform the first tray 110.

[0044] Thus, in some embodiments, the first tray 110 includes a first material having a first modulus of elasticity. In some embodiments, the second tray 120 includes a second material having a second modulus of elasticity. In some embodiments, the second modulus of elasticity is greater than the first modulus of elasticity such that the second tray 120 is configured to at least partially deform the first tray 110 upon engagement with the first tray 110. In other words, in some embodiments, the first tray 110 may be softer or more flexible than the second tray 120. In some embodiments, the first modulus of elasticity is between about 0.5 megapascals (MPa) and about 100 MPa. In some embodiments, the second modulus of elasticity is between about 1000 MPa and about 2500 MPa. In some other embodiments, the first modulus of elasticity may be between about 20 MPa and about 500 MPa, and the second modulus of elasticity may be between about 2000 MPa and about 3000 MPa.

[0045] The first tray 110 and the second tray 120 may be made of any suitable material using any suitable manufacturing process. For example, each of the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 may be made of materials such as silicone, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G), polystyrene, and the like. Furthermore, each of the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 may be manufactured by additive manufacturing, thermoforming, or a combination thereof. A dentist may scan a plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1 ) and generate a virtual model of the plurality of teeth 60. In some cases, the dentist may send the virtual model of the plurality of teeth 60 to a manufacturing facility to manufacture the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 according to the virtual model. In some other cases, the dentist may manufacture the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 themselves based on the virtual model.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 1B, the first tray 110 further includes a cavity 116. The cavity 116 extends at least partially from the first inner surface 112 to the first outer surface 114 along a longitudinal axis 117. The first tray 110 further includes an orthodontic appliance 130A. The orthodontic appliance 130A may be from a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 (shown in FIG. 1A). The orthodontic appliance 130A is at least partially and removably received within the cavity 116. The cavity 116 may be included within the first tray 110 corresponding to the application surface of the tooth 60A. Furthermore, the size of the cavity 116 may be configured according to the size of the orthodontic appliance 130A. In some cases, the orthodontic appliance 130A may be interchangeably referred to as the orthodontic appliance 130.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first tray 110 further includes a plurality of cavities 116 corresponding to the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A). In some embodiments, the indirect bonding device 100 includes a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130A corresponding to the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A). Each orthodontic appliance 130A is at least partially and removably received within a corresponding one of the plurality of cavities 116. The plurality of cavities 116 may correspond to application surfaces of the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A).

[0048] The orthodontic appliance 130A shown in FIG. 1B is an orthodontic bracket. In some other embodiments, the orthodontic appliance 130A may include any orthodontic appliance to be bonded to the teeth 60A. Specifically, the orthodontic appliance 130A may include, but is not limited to, an orthodontic buccal tube, an orthodontic sheath, an orthodontic bite opener, a bite lamp, an aligner attachment, an orthodontic button, an orthodontic cleat, and the like. In some embodiments, different orthodontic appliances of the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130A may be applied to different teeth of the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A). For example, orthodontic brackets may be applied to incisors, canines, etc., while orthodontic buccal tubes may be applied to the patient's molars.

[0049] Orthodontic appliance 130A includes a base surface 132. Base surface 132 may have a shape suitable for bonding with tooth surface 62A. Specifically, base surface 132 may have a shape suitable for bonding with an application surface of tooth 60A. In some embodiments, base surface 132 may have a contour that matches the contour of the application surface of tooth 60A. In some embodiments, orthodontic appliance 130A may further include a mesh, protrusions, patterns, and the like (not shown) disposed on base surface 132 to improve bonding of orthodontic appliance 130A to tooth 60A.

[0050] Orthodontic appliance 130A further includes an adhesive layer 140 disposed on base surface 132. Adhesive layer 140 is configured to adhere orthodontic appliance 130A to tooth 60A. Adhesive layer 140 defines a thickness 140T. Thickness 140T of adhesive layer 140 may be defined as a maximum thickness of adhesive layer 140.

[0051] The adhesive layer 140 may include a single layer or a multi-layer adhesive. Specifically, the adhesive layer 140 may include one or more adhesive layers. Each layer of the one or more adhesive layers may include a different adhesive. The one or more adhesive layers may include different compositions of adhesive. The compositions may include, for example, both light-curable and chemically-curable orthodontic adhesives. In some embodiments, the compositions may be fluoride-releasing adhesives, self-etching adhesives, self-priming adhesives, color-changing adhesives, and combinations thereof.

[0052] Suitable adhesives include composites, compomers, glass ionomers, and resin-modified glass ionomers. Examples of light-curing adhesives include Transbond brand XT primer, Transbond brand MIP primer, Transbond Supreme LV, and Transbond LR brand adhesives from 3M Unitek, and Adper brand Single Bond, Adper brand Single Bond Plus, and Adper brand Scotchbond brand adhesives from 3M ESPE. Examples of chemically curing adhesives include Sondhi brand adhesives, Concise brand adhesives, and Multi-Cure brand glass ionomer cements from 3M Unitek.

[0053] It should be noted that adhesive layer 140 may include one or more of the above examples of adhesives, as well as any other suitable adhesive, depending on desired attributes.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first tray 110 may further include a ring-shaped recess (not shown) adjacent the orthodontic appliance 130A. Specifically, the cavity 116 may include a ring-shaped recess. In some embodiments, excess adhesive of the adhesive layer 140 may flow into the ring-shaped recess during bonding and may not rub off onto the non-application surface of the tooth 60A. The ring-shaped recess may thus create a smooth transition of the adhesive layer 140 from the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A to the tooth 60A. Therefore, the ring-shaped recess may further reduce rubbing of the adhesive layer 140 on the non-application surface of the tooth 60A. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 140 may be applied evenly onto the application surface of the tooth 60A.

[0055] 1B , in some embodiments, when the orthodontic appliance 130A is received in the cavity 116 of the first tray 110 with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 110, the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A and the first inner surface 112 of the first tray 110 define a first gap G1 therebetween along the longitudinal axis 117. In other words, the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is disposed in the cavity 116 and is spaced apart from the first inner surface 112 by the first gap G1 along the longitudinal axis 117. In some embodiments, the first gap G1 may be defined as the minimum gap between the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A and the first inner surface 112 of the first tray 110.

[0056] Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, in some embodiments, the first tray 110 further includes one or more occlusal stop members 190. When the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the plurality of teeth 60, the occlusal stop members 190 can engage occlusal tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth 60 (shown in FIG. 1A). In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, the occlusal stop members 190 extend from the first inner surface 112 to the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110. However, in some other embodiments, the occlusal stop members 190 may extend partially from the first inner surface 112 to the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110. Furthermore, it should be understood that the occlusal stop members 190 can have any shape according to desired attributes.

[0057] In some embodiments, the occlusal stop member 190 may be rigid. Specifically, the occlusal stop member 190 may not deform when the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the teeth 60A and when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110. Thus, because the first tray 110 may be deformable, the occlusal stop member 190 may improve the positioning of the first tray 110 on the teeth 60A. Furthermore, the occlusal stop member 190 may improve the positioning of the cavity 116 corresponding to the application surface of the teeth 60A. Thus, the occlusal stop member 190 may improve the accuracy and precision of the positioning of the orthodontic appliance 130A on the teeth 60A.

[0058] 2A shows a first tray 110 releasably coupled to teeth 60A and a second tray 120 detached from the first tray 110. With reference to FIG 2A, when the first tray 110 is releasably coupled to teeth 60A with the second tray 120 detached from the first tray 110, the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first gap G1 may remain unchanged when the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 110. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, the first gap G1 remains unchanged when the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the teeth 60A. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 140 disposed on the base surface 132 partially fills the first gap G1 before the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, and the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A. In other words, the first gap G1 is greater than the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B and FIG. 2A, when the orthodontic appliance 130A is received in the cavity 116 with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 110, a minimum gap GA is provided between the adhesive layer 140 and the first inner surface 112 of the first tray 110. When the first tray 110 is removably coupled to the tooth 60A with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 110, the minimum gap GA may remain unchanged. In some cases, the minimum gap GA may be equal to or less than the difference between the first gap G1 and the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140 (GA≦(G1−140T)). Furthermore, the minimum gap GA may always be greater than 0 such that the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the first inner surface 112 of the first tray 110 and the tooth surface 62A of the tooth 60A. However, in some embodiments, the minimum gap GA may be substantially 0. The minimum gap GA can ensure that when the first tray 110 is releasably bonded to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 110, the adhesive layer 140 does not contact the tooth surface 62A.

[0061] When the first tray 110 is releasably coupled to the teeth 60A, the occlusal stop member 190 engages the occlusal tooth surfaces of the teeth 60A. As described above, the occlusal stop member 190 may improve positioning of the first tray 110 on the teeth 60A. The occlusal stop member 190 may also improve positioning of the cavities 116 such that the cavities correspond to the application surfaces of the teeth 60A. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the first tray 110 may be configured not to contact the gum tissue 70 when releasably coupled to the teeth 60A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 may improve patient comfort during orthodontic treatment.

[0062] 2B illustrates the first tray 110 removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 removably coupled to the first tray 110. Referring to FIG. 2B, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the second tray 120 engages the first tray 110, moving the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the tooth surface 62A such that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Furthermore, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the second inner surface 122 of the second tray 120 engages the first tray 110, moving the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the first inner surface 112 such that the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is spaced apart from the first inner surface 112 by a second gap G2 along the longitudinal axis 117. The second gap G2 is smaller than the first gap G1. In some embodiments, the second gap G2 is equal to or less than the thickness 140T (shown in FIG. 2A) of the adhesive layer 140. In some other embodiments, the second gap G2 is substantially zero.

[0063] 2A and 2B, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the protrusions 123 at least partially deform the first tray 110 and move the orthodontic appliances 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the tooth surfaces 62A so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surfaces 62A. Additionally, the protrusions 123 at least partially deform the first tray 110 and move the orthodontic appliances 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the first inner surface 112 of the first tray 110 so that the adhesive layer 140 is at least flush with the first inner surface 112.

[0064] The protrusion 123 may have any suitable shape such that the protrusion 123 extends toward the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110 more than the remainder of the second inner surface 122 of the second tray 120. In some cases, the protrusion 123 may have a substantially planar portion that interfaces with or engages the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110. Further, a raised portion of the protrusion 123 may be disposed between the planar portion and the second inner surface 122 of the second tray 120. The raised portion may extend at least along the longitudinal axis 117. Further, the raised portion may be curved or straight.

[0065] The indirect bonding device 100 may reduce rubbing of the adhesive layer 140 on the patient's teeth 60A. Specifically, the adhesive layer 140 may be disposed on the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A such that the adhesive layer 140 does not rub off on the tooth surface 62A when the first tray 110 is removably bonded to the teeth 60A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 may prevent the adhesive layer 140 from being wiped off on the tooth surface 62A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 may eliminate the need for the dentist to estimate and optimize the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140 for secure bonding of the orthodontic appliance 130A to the teeth 60A. Additionally, the indirect bonding device 100 may eliminate the need to remove excess adhesive (if the dentist uses more adhesive than necessary), which may reduce the patient's chair time.

[0066] The releasable bonding of the second tray 120 to the first tray 110 may advantageously reduce localized deformation of the first tray 110. That is, the second tray 120 may deform the first tray 110 in a uniform manner. This may result in greater precision and accuracy in the positioning of the orthodontic appliances 130A on the teeth 60A. Specifically, the orthodontic appliances 130A may be precisely and accurately applied onto the application surfaces of the teeth 60A. As a result, the indirect bonding device 100 may improve the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.

[0067] Furthermore, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the orthodontic appliance 130A may move substantially perpendicular to the application surface of the teeth 60A and approach the teeth 60A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 may enable a uniform spreading or application of the adhesive layer 140 on the application surface of the teeth 60A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 100 may enable a strong and secure adhesion of the orthodontic appliance 130A to the teeth 60A.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 2C, in some embodiments, the first tray 110 further includes a cavity protrusion 118 extending into the cavity 116. The cavity protrusion 118 engages the orthodontic appliance 130A, thereby retaining the orthodontic appliance 130A within the cavity 116. In some embodiments, the cavity protrusion 118 may be integrally formed with the first tray 110. In some embodiments, the cavity protrusion 118 may include a first material having a first modulus of elasticity. The cavity protrusion 118 may have any suitable cross-sectional shape, such as curved, polygonal, semicircular, or the like. In some embodiments, the cavity protrusion 118 may have a full or partial annular configuration disposed around the orthodontic appliance 130A.

[0069] 3A and 3B show an indirect bonding device 200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The indirect bonding device 200 is substantially similar to the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIGs. 2A and 2B. Common components between the indirect bonding devices 100, 200 are indicated by the same reference numerals. However, the indirect bonding device 200 includes a first tray 210 and a second tray 220 having different configurations than the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 shown in FIGs. 2A and 2B, respectively.

[0070] 3A and 3B, the first tray 210 is configured to be removably coupled to teeth 60A having tooth surfaces 62A. The first tray 210 includes a first inner surface 212 and a first outer surface 214 opposite the first inner surface 212. The first inner surface 212 at least partially conforms to the tooth surfaces 62A. The first tray 210 further includes a tray protrusion 215 disposed on the first outer surface 214 and extending away from the first inner surface 212 of the first tray 210 along the longitudinal axis 117. In some embodiments, the first tray 210 may further include an occlusal stop member 190 (shown in FIG. 2A ).

[0071] Additionally, the second tray 220 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 210. The second tray 220 includes a second inner surface 222 and a second outer surface 224 opposite the second inner surface 222.

[0072] 3A shows a first tray 210 releasably coupled to teeth 60A and a second tray 220 detached from the first tray 210. With reference to FIG 3A, when the first tray 210 is releasably coupled to teeth 60A with the second tray 220 detached from the first tray 210, the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A.

[0073] 3A, the first gap G1 remains unchanged when the first tray 210 is releasably coupled to the teeth 62A with the second tray 220 removed from the first tray 210. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 140 disposed on the base surface 132 partially fills the first gap G1 before the second tray 220 is releasably coupled to the first tray 210, and the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A. In other words, the first gap G1 is greater than the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140.

[0074] 3B illustrates the first tray 210 removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 220 removably coupled to the first tray 210. Referring to FIG. 3B, when the second tray 220 is removably coupled to the first tray 210, the second tray 220 engages the first tray 210 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the tooth surface 62A such that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Furthermore, when the second tray 220 is removably coupled to the first tray 210, the second tray 220 engages the first tray 210 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the first inner surface 212 such that the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is spaced apart from the first inner surface 212 by a second gap G2 along the longitudinal axis 117. The second gap G2 is smaller than the first gap G1. In some embodiments, the second gap G2 is less than or equal to the thickness 140T (shown in FIG. 3A ) of the adhesive layer 140. In some other embodiments, the second gap G2 is substantially zero. In some embodiments, the second gap G2 may be negative.

[0075] 3A and 3B, when the second tray 220 is removably coupled to the first tray 210, the second inner surface 222 of the second tray 220 engages the tray protrusion 215, at least partially deforming the tray protrusion 215 and moving the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the tooth surface 62A so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Further, the second inner surface 222 of the second tray 220 engages the tray protrusion 215, at least partially deforming the tray protrusion 215 and moving the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the first inner surface 212 so that the adhesive layer 140 is at least flush with the first inner surface 212. In some cases, the second tray 220 may deform the tray protrusion 215 in a manner such that the tray protrusion 215 substantially conforms to the second inner surface 222 of the second tray 220. The deformation of the tray protrusion 215 causes movement of the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the first inner surface 212 of the first tray 210 and the tooth surface 62A of the tooth 60A.

[0076] The tray protrusion 215 may have any suitable shape such that the tray protrusion extends toward the second inner surface 222 of the second tray 220 more than the remainder of the first outer surface 214 of the first tray 210. The tray protrusion 215 may have a variety of cross-sectional shapes, such as curved, polygonal, semicircular, etc.

[0077] 4A and 4B show an indirect bonding device 300 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The indirect bonding device 300 is substantially similar to the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Common components between the indirect bonding devices 100, 300 are indicated by the same reference numerals. However, the indirect bonding device 300 includes a first tray 310 and a second tray 320 having different configurations from the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively. Furthermore, the first tray 310 includes a cavity 316 having a different configuration from the cavity 116 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

[0078] 4A and 4B, the first tray 310 is configured to be removably coupled to teeth 60A having tooth surfaces 62A. The first tray 310 includes a first inner surface 312 and a first outer surface 314 opposite the first inner surface 312. The first inner surface 312 at least partially conforms to the tooth surfaces 62A. In some embodiments, the first tray 310 may further include an occlusal stop member 190 (shown in FIG. 2A ).

[0079] Additionally, the second tray 320 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 310. The second tray 320 includes a second inner surface 322 and a second outer surface 324 opposite the second inner surface 322.

[0080] The cavity 316 extends from the first inner surface 312 to the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310. As such, the cavity 316 may form a through opening in the first tray 310. In some embodiments, the first tray 310 may further include a cavity protrusion 118 (shown in FIG. 2C ) that extends into the cavity 316.

[0081] When the orthodontic appliance 130A is received in the cavity 316 with the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310, the orthodontic appliance 130A extends at least partially through the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310. Furthermore, when the orthodontic appliance 130A is received in the cavity 316 with the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310, the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is disposed within the cavity 316 and is spaced apart from the first inner surface 312 by a first gap G1 along the longitudinal axis 117. In some embodiments, at least 10% of the maximum length of the orthodontic appliance 130A is disposed above the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310. In other words, at least 10% of the maximum length of the orthodontic appliance 130A extends outside of the cavity 316. In some other embodiments, at least 15%, at least 20%, or at least 30% of the maximum length of the orthodontic appliance 130A is disposed above the first exterior surface 314 of the first tray 310.

[0082] 4A illustrates the first tray 310 removably coupled to the teeth 60A and the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310. With reference to FIG. 4A, when the first tray 310 is removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310, the orthodontic appliance 130A extends at least partially through the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310. The orthodontic appliance 130A is at least partially and removably received within the cavity 316 of the first tray 310 such that the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A when the first tray 310 is removably coupled to the teeth 60A.

[0083] 4A , the first gap G1 remains unchanged when the first tray 310 is releasably coupled to the teeth 62A with the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 140 disposed on the base surface 132 partially fills the first gap G1 before the second tray 120 is releasably coupled to the first tray 110, and the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A. In other words, the first gap G1 is greater than the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140.

[0084] 4B illustrates the first tray 310 removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 320 removably coupled to the first tray 310. Referring to FIG. 4B, when the second tray 320 is removably coupled to the first tray 310, the second tray 320 engages the first tray 310 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the tooth surface 62A such that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Furthermore, when the second tray 320 is removably coupled to the first tray 310, the second tray 320 engages the first tray 310 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the first inner surface 312 such that the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is spaced apart from the first inner surface 312 by a second gap G2 along the longitudinal axis 117. The second gap G2 is smaller than the first gap G1. In some embodiments, the second gap G2 is equal to or less than the thickness 140T (shown in FIG. 4A) of the adhesive layer 140. In some other embodiments, the second gap G2 is substantially zero.

[0085] More specifically, when the second tray 320 is removably coupled to the first tray 310, the second inner surface 322 of the second tray 320 engages the orthodontic appliance 130A and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the tooth surface 62A until the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. In other words, when the second tray 320 is removably coupled to the first tray 310, the second inner surface 322 of the second tray 320 engages the orthodontic appliance 130A and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the first inner surface 312 until the adhesive layer 140 is at least flush with the first inner surface 312.

[0086] 5A and 5B show an indirect bonding device 400 according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. The indirect bonding device 400 is similar to the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Common components between the indirect bonding devices 100, 400 are indicated by the same reference numerals. However, the indirect bonding device 400 includes a first tray 410 and a second tray 420 having different configurations than the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively.

[0087] 5A and 5B, the first tray 410 is configured to be removably coupled to the teeth 60A having the tooth surface 62A. The first tray 410 includes a first inner surface 412 and a first outer surface 414 opposite the first inner surface 412. The first tray 410 further includes a first portion 409 and a second portion 411. The first inner surface 412 at least partially conforms to the tooth surface 62A. Specifically, the first portion 409 at least partially conforms to the tooth surface 62A and is configured to be removably coupled to the teeth 60A. In some embodiments, the first tray 410 may further include an occlusal stop member 190 (shown in FIG. 2A). Specifically, the first portion 409 of the first tray 410 may include the occlusal stop member 190. The second portion 411 includes a cavity 116 that at least partially and removably receives the orthodontic appliance 130A therein.

[0088] The first tray 410 further includes a living hinge 480 connecting the first portion 409 to the second portion 411. In some embodiments, the first tray 410 may incorporate strategic cuts and thinned sections to form the living hinge 480. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5A and 5B, the living hinge 480 is formed by incorporating a cut that extends partially from the first inner surface 412 to the first outer surface 414 of the first tray 410. In some embodiments, the living hinge 480 may be formed by an area having greater flexibility relative to the remainder of the first tray 410. In some cases, the greater flexibility may be due to a different material than the remainder of the first tray 410. In some cases, the greater flexibility may be due to a weakened area having different structural features (e.g., partial cuts, perforations, reduced thickness, etc.) than the remainder of the first tray 410.

[0089] In some embodiments, the living hinge 480 defines a hinge axis 482. The hinge axis 482 may be defined as an axis about which the second portion 411 pivots relative to the first portion 409. Specifically, the second portion 411 of the first tray 410 is configured to pivot relative to the first portion 409 about the hinge axis 482. The second portion 411 is pivotable between a first position 411A (shown in FIG. 5A ) and a second position 411B (shown in FIG. 5B ). In the first position 411A, the second portion 411 is spaced apart from the tooth surface 62A. Furthermore, in the second position 411B, the second portion 411 engages the tooth surface 62A.

[0090] The second tray 420 includes a second inner surface 422 and a second outer surface 424 opposite the second inner surface 422. The second tray 420 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 410. Specifically, the second tray 420 is configured to engage with the first tray 410 and pivot the second portion 411 about the hinge axis 482 toward the tooth surface 62A so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. More specifically, the second tray 420 is configured to engage with the first tray 410 and pivot the second portion 411 from a first position 411A to a second position 411B so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A.

[0091] 5A illustrates the first tray 410 releasably coupled to the teeth 60A and the second tray 420 detached from the first tray 410. With reference to FIG. 5A, when the first tray 410 is releasably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 420 detached from the first tray 410, the adhesive layer 140 is spaced apart from the tooth surface 62A. Specifically, when the first tray 410 is releasably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 420 detached from the first tray 410, the second portion 411 is in the first position 411A, such that the adhesive layer 140 is spaced apart from the tooth surface 62A. In some embodiments, the first tray 410 may be configured to hold the second portion 411 in the first position 411A such that the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A when the first tray 410 is removably coupled to the tooth 60A.

[0092] 5B, when the second tray 420 is removably coupled to the first tray 410, the second tray 420 engages the first tray 410 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the tooth surface 62A so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Specifically, the second inner surface 412 of the second tray 420 engages the first tray 410 and moves the orthodontic appliance 130A toward the tooth surface 62A. More specifically, when the second tray 420 is removably coupled to the first tray 410, the second portion 411 pivots about the hinge axis 482 to a second position 411B so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A.

[0093] In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5A and 5B , at the first position 411A of the second portion 411, the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A is flush with the first inner surface 412 of the first tray 410. This may allow the adhesive layer 140 to at least partially protrude from the cavity 116 at the first position 411A of the second portion 411. However, in some other embodiments, at the first position 411A of the second portion 411, the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A may not be flush with the first inner surface 412 of the first tray 410. In such embodiments, the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140 may be greater than the distance between the first inner surface 412 and the base surface 132. Thus, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the adhesive layer 140 may extend through the first inner surface 412 and contact the tooth surface 62A at the second position 411B of the second portion 411.

[0094] The indirect bonding device 400 may reduce rubbing of the adhesive layer 140 on the patient's teeth 60A. Specifically, the adhesive layer 140 may be disposed on the base surface 132 of the orthodontic appliance 130A such that the adhesive layer 140 does not rub off on the tooth surface 62A when the first tray 110 is removably bonded to the teeth 60A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 400 may prevent the adhesive layer 140 from being wiped off on the tooth surface 62A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 400 may eliminate the need for the dentist to estimate and optimize the thickness 140T (shown in FIG. 1B ) of the adhesive layer 140 for reliable bonding of the orthodontic appliance 130A to the teeth 60A. Additionally, the indirect bonding device 400 may eliminate the need to remove excess adhesive (if the dentist uses more adhesive than necessary). This may reduce the patient's chair time.

[0095] The indirect bonding device 400 may allow the orthodontic appliance 130A to approach the tooth 60A in a direction substantially perpendicular to the tooth surface 62A. Thus, the indirect bonding device 400 may allow for uniform spreading of the adhesive layer 140 on the application surface of the tooth 60A and may reduce smearing of the adhesive layer 140 on the non-application surface of the tooth 60A. Furthermore, contacting the occlusal side of the base surface 132 with the application surface of the tooth 60A before the gingival side of the base surface 132 contacts the application surface of the tooth 60A may direct the adhesive layer 140 toward the gingival area of ​​the tooth surface 62A. If there is excess adhesive, the excess adhesive may be directed toward the gingival area of ​​the tooth surface 62A. Excess adhesive directed toward the gingival area of ​​the tooth surface 62A may be easier to remove by the dentist prior to hardening of the adhesive.

[0096] 7A and 7B show an indirect bonding device 600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The indirect bonding device 600 is substantially similar to the indirect bonding device 100 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Common components between the indirect bonding devices 100, 500 are indicated by the same reference numerals. However, the indirect bonding device 500 includes a first tray 110 and a second tray 120 having different configurations than the first tray 110 and the second tray 120 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively.

[0097] 7A and 7B, the first tray 110 is configured to be removably coupled to teeth 60A having tooth surfaces 62A. The first tray 110 includes a first inner surface 112 and a first outer surface 114 opposite the first inner surface 112. The first inner surface 112 at least partially conforms to the tooth surfaces 62A. In some embodiments, the first tray 110 may further include an occlusal stop member 190 (shown in FIG. 2A ).

[0098] Additionally, the second tray 120 is configured to be removably coupled to the first tray 110. The second tray 120 includes a second inner surface 122 and a second outer surface 124 opposite the second inner surface 122. The second tray 110 further includes a deformable tray protrusion 126 disposed on the first outer surface 122 and extending away from the first inner surface 124 along the longitudinal axis 117. The deformable tray protrusion 126 (i.e., button) has a generally convex, lens-like shape that represents a deviation from the toothed profile of the remainder of the second tray 120. In other embodiments, the protrusion 126 may be a trapezoid, pyramidal, or other bulbous shape sufficient to provide a deviation from the profile of the second tray 120. The thickness of the tray within the protrusion 126 may be thinner than the surrounding areas of the second tray 120 to aid in deformation. In the same or other embodiments, protrusions 126 may include one or more thickness gradients, with regions closer to the center being thinner than regions closer to the outer edge, or vice versa.

[0099] The outer edge dimensions of the button 126 generally correspond to the profile size for the appliances 130A (i.e., mesial-distal width and occlusal gingival height) so that consistent pressure can be applied to the facial surfaces of the appliances 130A by the inner surface 123 of the second tray 120. In a presently preferred implementation, the outer edge dimensions of the button are sufficiently larger than the profile dimensions for the appliances 130A so that bonding of the second tray 120 to the first tray 110 does not inadvertently cause the appliances 130A to move toward the tooth surfaces 62A. In other implementations, the outer edge dimensions may be equal to or smaller than the profile dimensions of the appliances 130A.

[0100] Figure 7A shows the first tray 110 releasably coupled to the teeth 60A and the second tray 120 detached from the first tray 210. With reference to Figure 7A, when the first tray 110 is releasably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 detached from the first tray 110, the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A.

[0101] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 7A, the first gap G1 remains unchanged when the first tray 110 is releasably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 removed from the first tray 210. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 140 disposed on the base surface 132 partially fills the first gap G1 before the second tray 120 is releasably coupled to the first tray 110, and the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surface 62A. In other words, the first gap G1 is greater than the thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140.

[0102] FIG. 8A shows the first tray 110 removably coupled to the teeth 60A with the second tray 120 removably coupled to the first tray 110 and the button 126 disposed generally facially from the appliances 130A. FIGS. 7B and 8B show the deformation of the button 126 in a direction toward the appliances 130A. With reference to FIG. 8A, when the second tray 120 is removably coupled to the first tray 110, the second tray 120 engages the first tray 210, but the orthodontic appliances are not moved toward the tooth surface 62A until the button 126 itself is pushed toward the tooth surface 62A. Instead, the inner surface 123 is held adjacent to the outer surface 114 and the appliances 130A, with some embodiments creating a gap between the two surfaces 123 and 114. 7B and 8B, when button 126 is deformed by the patient or practitioner to move orthodontic appliance 130A toward first inner surface 212, base surface 132 of orthodontic appliance 130A is spaced apart from first inner surface 212 along longitudinal axis 117 by a second gap G2. Second gap G2 is smaller than first gap G1. In some embodiments, second gap G2 is equal to or less than thickness 140T (shown in FIG. 3A ) of adhesive layer 140. In some other embodiments, second gap G2 is substantially zero. In some embodiments, second gap G2 may be negative.

[0103] More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment of Figures 7A-7B and 8A-8B, when the button 126 is at least partially deformed toward the first tray 110, the second inner surface 123 of the second tray 120 engages the outer surface 114 of the first tray, at least partially deforming the outer surface 114 and moving the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the tooth surface 62A so that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62A. Further, the second inner surface 123 of the second tray 120 engages the outer surface 114 and at least partially deforms the first tray 110, and moving the orthodontic appliance 130A along the longitudinal axis 117 toward the first inner surface 212 so that the adhesive layer 140 is at least flush with the first inner surface 112. Deformation may be effected by the patient's or practitioner's fingertip or through an orthodontic appliance having a sufficient surface to depress the button 126. This embodiment allows for more control over when bonding occurs, which may include sequential bonding or confirmation of intended bonding locations.

[0104] 6 illustrates a method 500 for a plurality of teeth 60. Each tooth 60 of the plurality of teeth 60 includes a tooth surface 62. In some embodiments, the method 500 may be used to apply a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 to the plurality of teeth 60 using any of the indirect bonding devices 100, 200, 300, 400. In some other embodiments, the method 500 may be used to apply an orthodontic appliance 130A to a tooth 60A using any of the indirect bonding devices 100, 200, 300, 400. The method 500 is described with reference to FIGS. 1A-5B and 6. The method 500 includes the following steps:

[0105] At step 510, the method 500 includes providing a first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 including a plurality of cavities 116, 316 and a plurality of orthodontic appliances 130. As described above, each orthodontic appliance 130 of the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 is at least partially and removably received within a corresponding cavity 116, 316 of the plurality of cavities 116, 316. In some embodiments, the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 further includes a plurality of cavity protrusions 118 corresponding to the plurality of cavities 116, 316. In some embodiments, each cavity protrusion 118 extends into the corresponding cavity 116, 316. In some embodiments, each orthodontic appliance 130 is engaged by a corresponding cavity protrusion 118 of the plurality of cavity protrusions 118 to retain the corresponding orthodontic appliance 130 within the corresponding cavity 116, 316. An adhesive layer 140 is provided on the base surface 132 of each orthodontic appliance 130 .

[0106] As discussed above, the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 includes a first inner surface 112, 212, 312, 412. In some embodiments, the first inner surface 112, 212, 312, 412 at least partially conforms to the tooth surface 62 of each tooth 60. The first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 further includes a first outer surface 114, 214, 314, 414 opposite the first inner surface 112, 212, 312, 412. In some embodiments, each cavity 116, 316 of the plurality of cavities 116, 316 extends at least partially from the first inner surface 112, 212, 312, 412 toward the first outer surface 114, 214, 314, 414 along the longitudinal axis 117.

[0107] In step 520, the method 500 further includes removably bonding the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 to the plurality of teeth 60, such that the adhesive layer 140 provided on the base surface 132 of a corresponding one of the plurality of orthodontic appliances 130 is spaced from the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding one of the plurality of teeth 60.

[0108] In some embodiments, the base surface 132 of each orthodontic appliance 130 and the first inner surface 112, 212, 312 of the first tray 110, 210, 310 define a first gap G1 therebetween along the longitudinal axis 117. The thickness 140T of the adhesive layer 140 is less than the first gap G1 such that when the first tray 110, 210, 310 is releasably coupled to the plurality of teeth 60 with the second tray 120, 220, 320 removed from the first tray 110, 210, 310, the adhesive layer 140 is spaced from the tooth surfaces 62 of the corresponding teeth 60.

[0109] At step 530, the method 500 further includes releasably coupling the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 to the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 and moving each orthodontic appliance 130 toward the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60 such that the adhesive layer 140 provided on the base surface 132 of the corresponding orthodontic appliance 130 contacts the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60. In some embodiments, as described above with respect to the indirect bonding device 600, the bonding of the second tray 120 alone does not move each orthodontic appliance 130 toward the tooth surface 63; instead, the patient or practitioner must deform the buttons 126 on the second tray to effect the intended movement of the appliances 130.

[0110] In some embodiments, releasably coupling the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 to the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 further includes releasably coupling the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 to the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 via an interference fit.

[0111] In some embodiments, releasably coupling the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 to the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 further includes engaging the second inner surface 122, 222, 322, 422 of the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 with at least one of the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 and each orthodontic appliance 130 and moving each orthodontic appliance 130 toward the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60, such that the adhesive layer 140 contacts the tooth surface 62.

[0112] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, releasably coupling the second tray 120 to the first tray 110 further includes engaging a protrusion 123 disposed on the second inner surface 122 of the second tray 120 with the first outer surface 114 of the first tray 110 to at least partially deform the first tray 110, thereby moving the orthodontic appliance 130A corresponding to the protrusion 123 toward the tooth surface 62A of the corresponding tooth 60A.

[0113] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, releasably coupling the second tray 220 to the first tray 210 further includes engaging the second inner surface 222 of the second tray 220 with a tray protrusion 215 disposed on the first outer surface 214 of the first tray 210 and at least partially deforming the tray protrusion 215, thereby moving the orthodontic appliance 130A corresponding to the tray protrusion 215 toward the tooth surface 62A of the corresponding tooth 60A.

[0114] 4A and 4B, each cavity 316 extends from the first inner surface 312 to the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310 such that when the orthodontic appliance 130A is received in the corresponding cavity 316 with the second tray 320 removed from the first tray 310, each orthodontic appliance 130A extends at least partially through the first outer surface 314 of the first tray 310. Furthermore, releasably coupling the second tray 320 to the first tray 310 further includes engaging the second inner surface 322 of the second tray 320 with each orthodontic appliance 130A and moving each orthodontic appliance 130A toward the tooth surface 62A of the corresponding tooth 60A.

[0115] 5A and 5B , the first tray 410 further includes a first portion 409 configured to at least partially conform to a tooth surface 62 of each of the plurality of teeth 60 and be removably coupled to each of the plurality of teeth 60. The first tray 410 further includes a second portion 411 including a plurality of cavities 116 that at least partially and removably receive corresponding orthodontic appliances 130 therein. The first tray 410 further includes a living hinge 480 connecting the first portion 409 to the second portion 411. The living hinge 480 defines a hinge axis 482. Removably coupling the first tray 410 to the plurality of teeth 60 further includes positioning the second portion 411 about the hinge axis 482 such that when the first tray 410 is removably coupled to the plurality of teeth 60 with the second tray 420 removed from the first tray 410, the second portion 411 is spaced apart from the tooth surface 62 of each of the plurality of teeth 60.

[0116] In some embodiments, releasably coupling the second tray 420 to the first tray 410 further includes engaging the second tray 420 with the first tray 410 and pivoting the second portion 411 toward the tooth surface 62 of each of the plurality of teeth 60 about the hinge axis 482, thereby causing the adhesive layer 140 to contact the tooth surface 62 of the corresponding tooth 60.

[0117] In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes hardening (i.e., curing or at least partially solidifying) the adhesive layer 140 for a predetermined period of time. In some embodiments, the predetermined period of time may be at least about 5 seconds, at least about 10 seconds, at least about 20 seconds, at least about 30 seconds, at least about 40 seconds, at least about 50 seconds, or at least about 60 seconds.

[0118] In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes removing the second tray 120, 220, 320, 420 from the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410. In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes removing the first tray 110, 210, 310, 410 from the plurality of teeth 60.

[0119] It will be understood that the configurations presented herein can be modified in any number of ways while still remaining within the scope of the disclosure herein.

[0120] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing feature sizes, quantities and physical properties used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified by the term "about." Accordingly, unless specifically indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the above specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art utilizing the teachings disclosed herein.

[0121] While specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that the specific embodiments illustrated and described may be replaced by various alternative and / or equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the present disclosure be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. 1. An indirect bonding device, comprising: A first tray configured to be removably coupled to teeth having a tooth surface, a first inner surface at least partially conforming to the tooth surface; a first outer surface opposite the first inner surface; and a cavity extending at least partially from the first inner surface to the first outer surface along a longitudinal axis; a first tray including: an orthodontic appliance at least partially and removably received within the cavity, Base surface, and an adhesive layer disposed on the base surface, the adhesive layer configured to adhere the orthodontic appliance to the tooth; and an orthodontic appliance comprising: a second tray configured to be removably coupled to the first tray; Equipped with when the second tray is removed from the first tray and the first tray is removably coupled to the teeth, the adhesive layer is spaced from the tooth surfaces; an indirect bonding device, wherein when the second tray is removably coupled to the first tray, the second tray engages the first tray and moves the orthodontic appliances toward the tooth surfaces, causing the adhesive layer to contact the tooth surfaces.

2. when the orthodontic appliance is received in the cavity of the first tray with the second tray removed from the first tray, the base surface of the orthodontic appliance and the first inner surface of the first tray define a first gap therebetween along the longitudinal axis; When the first tray is removably coupled to the teeth with the second tray removed from the first tray, the adhesive layer disposed on the base surface partially fills the first gap and is spaced from the tooth surface. The indirect bonding device of claim 1 .

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