Pliers

Abstract

The invention relates to a pair of pliers (1) having two pliers arms (3, 4) intersecting each other with a joint bolt (2) having a joint bolt axis (x), one pliers arm (4) may be movable and the other fixed; a gripping portion (8, 9) is formed on one side of the joint bolt (2) and jaws (5, 6) cooperating as a pliers mouth (7) are provided on the other side of the joint bolt (2); furthermore, the movable pliers arm (4) has a long slot (13) with a pawl (16) and the joint bolt (2) located in a receiving portion (12) is movable out of engagement and the movable arm (4) passes through the fixed pliers arm (3); the long slot (13) has an extension (S) on the gripping side running transversely to the orientation of the pliers arms (3, 4) in the closed position of the pliers (1). In order to design this type of pliers for safe handling and operation, according to the invention, a pawl (16) can be passed by pushing in the joint bolt (2) for adjusting the opening width (w); the passing pliers arm (4) has an extended overlap area (U) in which the passing pliers arm (4) overlaps with the passing pliers arm (3) on both sides; furthermore, the overlap area (U) extends approximately perpendicular to the adjustment direction (r) of the joint bolt (2) in the long slot (16), has a width (g) corresponding to at least 0.5 times the maximum degree of adjustment (f) and has a length (d) corresponding to at least twice the maximum degree of adjustment (f).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to pliers having two pliers arms, one movable and the other fixed, intersecting at a joint bolt having a joint axis, on one side of the joint bolt a gripping part is formed and on the other side of the joint bolt a jaw cooperating as a mouth of the pliers is provided, the movable pliers arm further has a long slot with a toothed stop and the joint bolt, which is located in the receiver, is movable out of toothing, the movable pliers arm passes through the fixed pliers arm and the long slot further has an extension on the gripping side extending transversely to the orientation of the pliers arms in the closed position of the pliers.

[0002] The invention further relates to pliers having two pliers arms pivotable about an axis of rotation and a pliers mouth formed by two jaws, the pliers mouths having opposing working surfaces, i.e. a first working surface and a second working surface, which are provided with teeth over most of their length when viewed from the free ends of the jaws towards the axis of rotation, with some of the pointed teeth pointing towards the axis of rotation and other pointed teeth pointing towards the free ends of the jaws.

[0003] The invention further relates to pliers having two pliers arms pivotable about an axis of rotation and a pliers mouth, the pliers mouth having a toothed working surface with pointed teeth whose tips on the working surface extend towards the axis of rotation and which further have respective angle bisectors starting from the tips of the teeth and running away from the pliers mouth towards the free ends of the jaws or towards the joint end of the pliers mouth.

[0004] The invention further relates to pliers having two pliers arms pivotable about a rotation axis and a pliers mouth, the pliers mouth having a toothed working surface with pointed teeth whose extension of the tips of the working surfaces points towards the rotation axis, and a through-plane drawn in the form of a line extends through the pliers mouth in a perspective in which the rotation axis is drawn in the form of a point, the through-plane resulting from the fact that it extends at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of a long slot which receives an adjustable joint bolt in the maximum closed adjustment of the pliers mouth or that it extends such that the rotation axis extends in the through-plane. The intersection of the longitudinal center plane and the longitudinal center line in the case of a long slot, or the orientation of the piercing plane in the case of the rotation axis extending in the piercing plane, is selected so that contact of the opposing working surfaces first occurs on the free ends of the jaws at a predetermined opening angle. The tips of the teeth further terminate at different perpendicular distances from the piercing plane, and the teeth further have an angle bisector that forms an acute angle with the piercing plane in a region where the angle bisector extends in the region of the pliers mouth, where for one of the teeth the acute angle is formed between the perpendicular and the rotation axis, and for another of the teeth the perpendicular is formed between the perpendicular and the free end of the pliers mouth.

[0005] The invention further relates to pliers having two pliers arms pivotable about an axis of rotation and a pliers mouth, the pliers mouth having a working surface with teeth, the teeth pointing towards the axis of rotation, a polyline can be drawn connecting the teeth, segments of the polyline are further angled relative to one another and the polyline is opposite one another in the open position of the pliers mouth. [Background technology]

[0006] Pliers of this kind are known from EP 0 636 333 B1 or EP 0 636 336 B1. The pliers known from EP 0 636 336 B1 are adjustable in terms of the opening width, in particular in the closed position of the pliers jaws, for which the joint bolt is first moved out of engagement into the maximum possible open position by pivoting the pliers arms. The movable pliers arms are then displaced in the long slot, preferably with the joint bolt. By pivoting the pliers arms back, the engagement between the long slot and the joint bolt is finally re-established. A geometrical displacement of the joint bolt axis then occurs in the long slot accordingly. A fixed adjustment of the opening width is not possible with the pliers known from EP 0 636 336 B1.

[0007] There are also pliers in which the joint bolt is engaged and which can be pushed in to adjust the width of the mouth. In this respect reference is made to US Pat. No. 5,399,633 (US Pat. No. 5,499,643), whereby a long slot extends in the direction of the movable pliers arm when the pliers are closed. Such pliers may also have a toothed working surface in the region of the pliers mouth. Pliers of this kind are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 5,399,633. In universal universal pliers, such toothed pliers mouths are usually called burner holes. In pliers in which the width of the pliers mouth cannot be adjusted, the joint bolt axis can be formed by the rotation axis of the joint pin. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 5,996,450 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,419 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2008 / 049850 [Patent Document 4] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0064861 [Patent Document 5] German Utility Model Application Publication No. 20 2013 191 985 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a pliers of the type in question which is advantageously designed with regard to its handling and operation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to a first inventive idea, this object is achieved by means of pliers in which the pawl can be passed by pushing in the joint bolt to adjust the opening width, the inserting pliers arm, preferably the movable pliers arm, has a long overlap region in which the inserting pliers arm overlaps on both sides the inserted pliers arm, preferably the fixed pliers arm, and which overlap region extends substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction of the joint bolt in the long slot and has a width corresponding to at least 0.5 times the maximum degree of adjustment and a length corresponding to at least twice the maximum degree of adjustment.

[0011] As a result of the proposed configuration, a functionally safe pliers design and its ergonomically favorable handling are achieved. In a preferred embodiment, the joint bolt is moved in the direction of the joint bolt axis to a release position in order to disengage the pawl. Such a load for displacing the joint bolt is preferably only applied intentionally, for example as a result of a push with the thumb, in particular with the thumb of the hand which holds the pliers. To adjust the opening width of the pliers jaws, no pivoting movement of the pliers arms to the maximum possible opening position is required.

[0012] The overlap area is observable in the closed position of the pliers, and more preferably in the minimum opening width adjustment position.

[0013] If, in a plan view of the pliers in which the geometric longitudinal axis of the joint bolt is depicted in the form of a point, the overlap areas of the penetrated pliers arms do not extend congruently, then the maximum overlap edge contour of the penetrated pliers arms defines the overlap area, which edge contour is also composed of the upper and lower edge contours, each having a maximum degree of overlap, and which may also form a quasi-virtual edge contour over the length of the overlap area.

[0014] The insertion area of ​​the receiving pliers arm can preferably also be realized homogeneously in material with the pliers head and the gripping area of ​​the receiving pliers arm.

[0015] The joint bolt which can be actuated by pushing in may preferably have a counter pawl which can be engaged with a pawl of the oblong hole, in which case two or more, preferably three or more different capture positions, for example five or eight different capture positions, for example four, six or seven different capture positions, and a corresponding number of pliers opening widths can be adjusted along the longitudinal extent of the oblong hole with the pawl.

[0016] This actuation of the joint bolt for disengaging or forming, respectively, the pawl can also be realized in an ergonomically advantageous manner by means of the preferred elongated structural shape, which is realized as a result of the selected overlap in the transition region between the pliers region receiving the joint bolt and the gripping part. The elongated design thus realized in the area of ​​the overlap region also facilitates the handling of the pliers, for example in hard-to-reach places.

[0017] Furthermore, the overlap region is preferably formed in a pliers arm region extending longitudinally, i.e. perpendicular to the adjustment direction, preferably substantially linearly, and is delimited by widenings occurring in the two pliers arms, preferably by a widening at one end for forming a pliers head with a joint forming portion and by an outward offset of the pliers arms for forming a handle region at the other end.

[0018] The overlap region preferably has a substantially constant width over the aforementioned length, which may deviate, for example, by up to 2% (less or more) compared to the average width over the length of the overlap region, but in any case preferably by less than 10%.

[0019] The width of the overlap region can correspond, for example, to between 0.5 and 2 times the degree of adjustment, and its length can correspond to between 2 and 5 or 10 times the degree of adjustment.

[0020] In particular, the two pliers arm parts in this transition area between the pliers area receiving the joint bolt and the gripping part can preferably extend in the same direction, in particular relative to a respective centre line formed in the middle between the outer edges, which centre line extends substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction of the joint bolt. In a preferred embodiment, the centre lines of the pliers arm parts can extend substantially parallel to one another. In the context of the present invention, this can be considered as substantially the same direction even if they form an acute angle, for example from 1 or 2 degrees up to 10 or 15 degrees.

[0021] If the maximum degree of adjustment of the pliers arms relative to one another along the long slot is, for example, about 10 mm, then the length of the pliers arm portions in substantially the same direction transverse thereto will be, for example, about 20-30 mm.

[0022] The above-mentioned object can also be achieved in that both working surfaces each have teeth in the area from the free end of the jaw to the axis of rotation, the teeth having tips directed towards the axis of rotation and continuing in the same working surface to further teeth, the tips of which are directed towards the free end of the jaw or vice versa, and the oppositely directed groups of teeth are further formed opposite each other on the first and second working surfaces, respectively.

[0023] Advantageous torque transmission to a workpiece gripped between the jaws, e.g. a round bolt, is achieved as a result of the proposed orientation of the tooth groups: the workpiece can be gripped in the area of ​​one working surface by one or more teeth pointing towards the free end of the jaws and in the area of ​​the other working surface by one or more teeth pointing towards the axis of rotation. Furthermore, an improved torque on the workpiece can be preferably achieved in that the workpiece is gripped in the area of ​​one working surface in the transition area between the two groups with different tooth orientations and, optionally, in the area of ​​the other working surface by the tooth tips pointing in the selected direction of rotation.

[0024] The angle bisector relates to the angle between two flanks of a tooth when looking at the longitudinal gap through the pliers mouth. The flanks in this view may preferably extend in a straight line. However, they may also have a convex or concave curve. If the flanks extend in a curve, a geometric straight line from the tooth tip to the tooth valley is used to determine the angle bisector. If the tooth valley is not so defined, the lowest point between two adjacent teeth may be used as the tooth valley. If the flanks first extend in a straight line from the tooth tip and then change to a curve, only the straight part of the tooth flank may be used to define the angle boundary of the angle bisector.

[0025] In pliers with a pliers mouth having teeth, the above-mentioned object can be achieved in that, when viewed from the free end of the working surface of the pliers mouth towards the axis of rotation, a first group of teeth is first formed on the first working surface of the pliers mouth, the angle bisectors of each of the first group of teeth extend obliquely from the tip towards the opposite side of the pliers mouth towards the free end of the jaws, the teeth of the first group are continued into a second group of teeth, the angle bisectors of the second group extend obliquely towards the joint end of the pliers mouth, and the teeth of the second group are continued into a third group of teeth, the angle bisectors of the third group again extend obliquely towards the free end of the jaws.

[0026] The first group mentioned above does not necessarily have to be the absolute first group of the pliers jaws, in any case the second and third groups according to the above-mentioned design follow this defined first group.

[0027] Preferably, at least three consecutive groups of teeth are formed on the first working surface in a longitudinal extent starting from the end of the working surface of the pliers mouth opposite the axis of rotation, i.e. from the free end of the jaw, whereby adjacent groups have different tooth orientations with respect to the extent and inclination of the angle bisectors.

[0028] Moreover, preferably, corresponding groups of teeth are also formed on the opposite second working surface, which groups are preferably located respectively opposite the groups of teeth on the first working surface. The opposite position is realized in particular when the corresponding teeth or groups of teeth act simultaneously on a round or multi-sided part gripped by the pliers. With regard to the total length of the penetration surface penetrating the pliers mouth, this can be realized on a part with an optional maximum diameter, which corresponds for example to a quarter or a half of the mentioned total length. More details are given below.

[0029] With respect to a plane, such as the longitudinal center plane of the pliers, but in any case with respect to the penetration surface of the pliers mouth, an acute angle can be formed between the angle bisector and the perpendicular to said plane in the region of the pliers mouth. With respect to the penetration surface, an acute angle can also be formed in the region of the pliers mouth between the bisector and the perpendicular to the penetration surface. In this case, the penetration surface can be oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the long slot, in which case the joint bolt can be displaced, for example in the above-mentioned design of pliers, in order to adjust the opening width, or the penetration surface can also extend in such a way that the axis of rotation extends in this plane. Furthermore, the orientation of such a penetration surface can be selected in such a way that the first contact between the areas of the working surfaces formed in the free end region during the process of closing the pliers mouth occurs at this penetration surface.

[0030] This penetration plane may coincide with or differ from the longitudinal center plane mentioned above.

[0031] The aforementioned geometric longitudinal centerline is formed in the adjustment direction of the joint bolt in the longitudinal slot, to which the penetration planes extend perpendicularly, which may intersect the longitudinal centerline within the extent of the longitudinal slot, but also in the region of an imaginary extension of the longitudinal centerline that extends beyond the boundaries of the longitudinal slot.

[0032] The longitudinal slots in which the joint bolts can be adjusted may extend in a curved line. In such a case, the longitudinal centerline also extends in a curved line, usually in the form of a segment of a circle with a relatively large diameter. In this case, a perpendicular line to the tangent of the longitudinal centerline is formed at the intersection point.

[0033] In this case, the free end is a region of the jaw, preferably located beyond the center of the pliers mouth formed in the longitudinal region of the jaw opposite the axis of rotation. Moreover, this free end can also be formed by further working regions of the jaw, which in the closed position of the pliers continue from the toothed pliers mouth towards the end of the jaw. These further working regions can likewise be provided with teeth, but can alternatively be realised, for example, with a smooth surface.

[0034] The first contact of the working surfaces at the free ends of the jaws may occur, for example, by direct contact of the tips of the teeth of both jaws, in which case the closed position of the pliers may be reached simultaneously with this first contact, or this may occur only by the first simultaneous contact of one or more teeth on each of both working surfaces spaced apart in the direction of the penetration surface.

[0035] In the process of closing the jaws, one working surface may in effect displace the penetrating surface, assuming that the penetrating surface is already abutting thereon, until the necessary contact with the other working surface also occurs, in this case simultaneously with the initial contact. This position of the penetrating surface becomes conceptually quasi-frozen during subsequent observation. Reference to the penetrating surface should therefore always be considered to refer to a frozen state.

[0036] The above-mentioned first contact refers to the teeth of the pliers mouth which are located in the front region of the pliers mouth which belong to the free end of the jaws, and therefore with respect to the total length of the penetration surface which penetrates the pliers mouth, it accordingly relates to the front half of the total length, preferably assigned to the free end.

[0037] The "initial" contact of the penetrating surface can also be formed by the enveloping surfaces of the teeth, which in the above-mentioned view are depicted in the form of polylines linearly connecting the tooth tips. This is possible in particular in the case of toothed working surfaces in the region of the free end, whose teeth mesh with one another in the closed position of the pliers jaws. In this case, the initial contact of the penetrating surface by the working surface in the region of the free end accordingly occurs before the closed position is reached, and furthermore the contact of the corresponding working surface at the penetrating surface can essentially occur in a puncture-like or layer-like manner.

[0038] Preferably, first, and without taking into account the penetration plane, looking from the free end of the working surface of the pliers mouth towards the axis of rotation, a first group of teeth is first formed on the first working surface of the pliers mouth, an acute angle of the teeth of this first group being respectively formed between the perpendicular line and the axis of rotation, the teeth of this first group being continued by a second group of teeth, in which an acute angle is respectively formed between the perpendicular line and the free end of the working surface of the pliers mouth, and the teeth of this second group being continued by a third group of teeth, in which an acute angle of the third group is again formed between the perpendicular line and the axis of rotation.

[0039] Advantageously, with respect to the longitudinal extent of the working surface, at least two changes in the orientation of the teeth occur: when viewed in the direction of the pliers mouth, due to the orientation of the above-mentioned angle bisector, a first group of teeth tends to point towards the axis of rotation, a second group of teeth tends to point towards the free end of the working surface, and a third group of teeth tends to point again towards the axis of rotation.

[0040] The acute angle may have a value between about 0.5 degrees and about 60 degrees or more, preferably from about 1 degree to about 50 degrees. For example, an angle range between about 5 degrees and about 25 degrees or between about 30 degrees and about 45 degrees may be preferably realized in one group, while an angle range between about 3 degrees and about 20 degrees or between about 25 degrees and about 50 degrees may be preferably realized in another group.

[0041] Two groups of teeth with the above-mentioned change in tooth orientation are also formed on opposite working surfaces, where one group on the second, opposite working surface may have so many teeth that they are opposite multiple groups, e.g., two groups, on the first working surface.

[0042] The selected orientation of the tooth groups on both working faces allows the creation of areas with different effects in the pliers mouth: a workpiece such as a screw can be favored to rotate counterclockwise by using, for example, one or two adjacent tooth groups with corresponding orientation in one area, and another area remote from said areas serves to favor a clockwise rotation of the workpiece. The proposed alternating tooth groups allow the transmission of larger torques than in conventional designs. With regard to the handling of the pliers, a predetermined pawl-type interlock between the teeth and the workpiece can advantageously be achieved, which allows a greater force to be transmitted than with conventional solutions before the uncertain interlock between the workpiece and the teeth of the working surface is broken in the course of applying the same torque value.

[0043] With regard to torque transmission and threading direction, it is important that opposing teeth on both working faces act on the workpiece.

[0044] In the case of pliers with a pliers mouth having teeth, the above-mentioned object is further achieved by another idea of ​​the invention, according to which each of the above-mentioned polylines has two adjacent segments, which in each case are directed towards the pliers mouth and which form an angle of less than 170 degrees with respect to each other, for example 100 degrees, and opposite these segments there is located a segment of the other polyline, which is also directed towards the pliers mouth and which forms an angle of more than 170 degrees with respect to each other, for example 190 degrees, and each polyline comprises two segments which, viewed in the same direction, form an angle of more than 190 degrees with respect to each other.

[0045] An advantageous pliers mouth design with respect to the handling of the pliers is achieved by the proposed arrangement and orientation of the pointed teeth. For example, the polylines of both work surfaces can preferably be realized in a generally elongated sinusoidal shape and, in a side view of the pliers mouth, have crests and troughs with a reversal point being obtained between the troughs. With respect to the penetration plane, the crest of the polyline of one work surface is preferably located opposite the trough of the polyline of the other work surface.

[0046] As discussed above with respect to the angular orientation of the teeth, this can be advantageous in creating an area in the pliers mouth designed to act in a counterclockwise direction, e.g. on a screw or bolt, and another area spaced apart from that area designed to act in a clockwise direction, e.g. on a screw or bolt.

[0047] In a side view of the area of ​​the pliers mouth or in a cross-sectional view in which the geometrical pivot axes of the pliers arms are depicted in the form of points, the aforementioned polyline is preferably formed by connecting the tips of the teeth with one another by straight lines.

[0048] The features described for the angle bisector and polyline can also be realized simultaneously in the pliers jaws.

[0049] The features of the above-mentioned independent claims are of importance to the invention both individually and in combination with one another, and features of an independent claim may be combined with features of further independent claims or with features of several independent claims, as well as with individual features of one or more other independent claims.

[0050] The features relating to the tooth design of the toothed working surface at the pliers mouth can also be realized in particular in pliers of the known universal pliers (see, for example, FIG. 11 of WO 2017 / 134074 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 039214, respectively) or water pump pliers (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 039214, respectively) types.

[0051] Other features of the invention are frequently explained below in their preferred relationship with the object of claim 1 and / or with the features of other independent claims or other claims, as well as in the description of the drawings, but they may also be important only in connection with or independently of the individual features of claim 1 and / or other independent claims or other individual claims.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment of the adjustment of the pliers arms on the inserting and receiving sides, in the course of adjusting the width of the opening from smaller to larger, a larger surface overlap of the pliers arm parts on the gripping side can be formed in each case first. The entire streamlined area of ​​the pliers arm parts preferably always reliably supports the arm parts against one another at every position of the opening width. This results in an improved handling of the pliers. The effect of the streamlined area is strengthened even at larger opening widths. In a preferred embodiment, the degree of overlap, as viewed perpendicularly to the center line of the pliers arm parts, can increase with increasing opening width. Thus, at larger opening widths, an enlarged support surface of the pliers arm parts against one another is formed. The adjustment of the pliers mouth to a larger opening width can be advantageously realized by applying pressure with a finger to the overlapping areas of both pliers arms, which promotes their displacement towards one another.

[0053] Beyond an opening width that does not correspond to the adjustable minimum opening width, a reduction in the surface overlap of the pliers arm portions can optionally occur again during further displacement of the pliers arms in order to assume a larger opening width. Furthermore, an opening region in which the surface overlap of the pliers arm portions reaches a maximum can be traversed during the displacement of the pliers arms from a position of the minimum opening width to a position of the maximum opening width possible after release of the interlock in the oblong hole.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, there is at least partial overlap of the pliers arm portions in either open position of the pliers.

[0055] The width of the pliers in the overlap region also initially decreases during adjustment from the closed position of the pliers to a larger opening width, in particular from a minimum opening width towards a larger opening width, whereby the minimum width of the pliers in the region of the abovementioned pliers arm portions is formed at the maximum possible overlap.

[0056] Furthermore, the width of such a streamlined region is preferably much smaller than the width in the jaw region, preferably the width in the pliers arm region, in the same direction at any opening width, particularly with respect to the closed position of the mouth. For example, the maximum width in the pliers arm region described above can be, for example, about 0.3 to 0.8 times, or optionally 0.4 to 0.6 times, the width in the jaw or pliers arm region, respectively. As a result, the above-mentioned waisted shape is obtained in the pliers arm region.

[0057] In another embodiment, the fixed pliers arm can have a recess designed for the pressing actuation of the joint bolt, the joint bolt axis then being arranged eccentrically relative to the geometrical central axis of the recess, which advantageously forms a finger contact surface, in particular a thumb contact surface, for advantageous actuation of the joint bolt. The engagement is released by a linear displacement of the joint part towards the bottom surface of the recess.

[0058] In this case, the joint bolt axis can be offset relative to the central axis of the recess in the adjustment direction of the pliers mouth and thus offset by a predetermined degree relative to the aforementioned longitudinal central plane. The offset arrangement of the joint bolt axis is advantageous in that it contributes to the overall structural shape of the elongated pliers.

[0059] The jaws may also have a working area provided with teeth, which may relate to the teeth types mentioned above.

[0060] In this case, the working area can have a groove towards the pliers tip with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pliers mouth, so that an opening is left in the front view of the pliers mouth when the pliers are closed or when the pliers mouth is closed, respectively. A gripping opening, preferably with a toothed contour, is thus formed on the front side of the region of the pliers mouth. This is therefore advantageous for the handling of the pliers, which also allows for gripping and, for example, turning objects in the front of the presented pliers.

[0061] The specific design of the pliers mouth, in particular the enhancements in the design and arrangement of the teeth on the first working face with regard to advantageous torque transmission, result in the teeth of the third group being followed by teeth of the fourth group, the angle bisector of the teeth of the fourth group running obliquely towards the end of the pliers mouth on the joint side.

[0062] A fourth group of acute angles between the angle bisector and a perpendicular to the surface may be formed between the perpendicular and a free edge of the working surface of the pliers mouth when looking towards the pliers mouth.

[0063] This results in another change in tooth orientation between the fourth group of teeth and the third group of teeth, whereby the fourth group of teeth is preferably provided over the length of the first working surface, with the tips of the teeth of the first and third groups preferably tending to point towards the axis of rotation when viewed towards the mouth of the pliers, whilst the tips of the teeth of the fourth and second groups preferably tending to point towards the free end of the first working surface.

[0064] The two groups of teeth tending to point in substantially the same direction are separated in the longitudinal direction of the working area by a group of teeth tending to point in the opposite direction.

[0065] The acute angles of the teeth of groups that tend to point in the same direction, such as the first and third groups or the second and fourth groups, may be substantially the same or in substantially the same range of values. In this regard, the acute angles of two groups with teeth that point in substantially the same direction may also be in different ranges of values, such that the acute angle of one group is, for example, in a range of values ​​from about 5 degrees to about 20 degrees and the acute angle of another group is, for example, in a range of values ​​from about 30 degrees to about 45 degrees.

[0066] Furthermore, the ranges of values ​​may overlap partially, for example, one group of teeth pointing in the same direction may have a range of values ​​from about 5 degrees to about 35 degrees, while the other group of teeth may have a range of values ​​from about 30 degrees to about 45 degrees.

[0067] The groups of teeth with a given orientation of the angle bisector or angular orientation are preferably located opposite each other with respect to the plane. With respect to the projection of the normals of these groups onto the abovementioned plane, these opposing groups can overlap completely or only partially, for example by more than one third or more than two thirds. Thus, a group of teeth on the second working surface, whose teeth tips tend to point towards the axis of rotation, can be located at least partially opposite a group of teeth on the first working surface, whose teeth tips also tend to point towards the axis of rotation.

[0068] With respect to the opposing positions, the tips of the teeth may be spaced apart from one another via a plane referenced to the normal, such that the teeth of both working surfaces may be arranged "on the gap", where the tip of a tooth of a first working surface is oriented substantially towards the valley plane between two teeth of a second working surface in that arrangement, as viewed perpendicular to the plane.

[0069] In another embodiment, the second working surface of the pliers mouth may be provided with a first group of teeth, each of which has an angle bisector that runs obliquely from the tooth tip toward the free end of the jaw opposite the pliers mouth, followed by a second group of teeth, each of which has an angle bisector that runs obliquely toward the end of the pliers mouth on the joint side.

[0070] A first group of acute angles on the second working surface resulting from the inclination may be formed between a perpendicular line and the axis of rotation as viewed in the pliers mouth, and a second group of acute angles on the same working surface may be formed between a perpendicular line and a free end of the working surface of the pliers mouth, respectively.

[0071] Furthermore, it is preferred that the second group of teeth may have two subgroups of teeth: a first subgroup with a smaller inclination or smaller acute angle, respectively, and a second subgroup with a larger inclination or larger acute angle, respectively.

[0072] The second group of teeth is preferably assigned to an end region facing the axis of rotation of the second working surface. A preferred arrangement is obtained in that the second group is further divided into two subgroups, whereby the subgroup with a smaller inclination or a smaller acute angle can be formed facing the transition of the second group to the first group facing the substantially free end of the second working surface.

[0073] A subgroup may have one, two or more teeth.

[0074] The greater acute angle value of the second subgroup may preferably correspond to about 1.5 to 100 times, for example about 3 to 50 times, the lesser acute angle value of the first subgroup.

[0075] For example, a first subgroup of the second group in the area of ​​the second working surface may have an acute angle within a range of about 0.5 degrees to 10 degrees, such as a value of about 1 degree to about 5 degrees, and an adjacent second subgroup may have an acute angle within a range of about 10 degrees to about 45 degrees, such as a value of about 15 degrees to about 40 degrees.

[0076] Additionally, the angle bisectors of the teeth, particularly at the transition between two successive groups, may also be substantially coincident with a perpendicular line, thereby forming no angle or a 0 degree angle between them.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the round bolt can be gripped by one or more oppositely arranged and oppositely directed teeth of the first and second working surfaces in a front region of the pliers mouth facing the free ends of the jaws and in a rear region of the pliers mouth facing the axis of rotation. Teeth of different groups of teeth engage with the round bolt in the front and rear regions, respectively. The round bolt can be gripped by two teeth in the rear region, each of which is assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces and whose tips extend in opposite directions. And similarly, the round bolt can be gripped by two teeth in the front region, each of which is assigned to one of the corresponding working surfaces and whose tips extend in opposite directions.

[0078] Regarding the possible diameters of such round bolts, reference is made to the above description.

[0079] Furthermore, the above-mentioned teeth on the working surfaces for two-way gripping of a workpiece, such as a round bolt, in the front and rear regions are inclined in opposite directions, and the teeth of the first working surface assigned to the rear region may be inclined in the same direction as the teeth of the second working surface assigned to the front region.

[0080] Furthermore, it is proposed that in the case where the round bolt has a diameter that requires an opening of the pliers jaws of approximately 10 degrees to grip the round bolt in the above-mentioned front or rear regions, it is possible to grip the round bolt in two ways in either case.

[0081] Furthermore, this type of gripping may also be possible at other opening angles of the pliers jaws, for example at openings of up to 30° or 45°, and preferably also at opening positions of less than 10°, or even at a completely closed position of the pliers jaws, depending on the overall design of the pliers jaws. In this case, the respective opening of the pliers jaws depends on the diameter of the workpiece, i.e. the round bolt, and on the gripping position in the pliers jaws, and therefore on whether the workpiece is gripped in the pliers jaws in a front region located at a distance away from the joint or in a rear region located close to the joint. The arrangement of a round bolt in the front region of the pliers jaws requires a smaller opening of the pliers jaws than the arrangement of a round bolt with the same diameter in the rear region.

[0082] The orientation of the tooth tips can be advantageously determined by different lengths of tooth flanks on the respective teeth: if the tooth tips are oriented towards the axis of rotation, the longer tooth flank is formed on the flank of the tooth tip facing away from the axis of rotation, and if the tooth tips are oriented towards the free end of the jaw, the longer tooth flank is formed on the flank of the tooth tip facing away from the free end of the jaw.

[0083] In the perspective where the axis of rotation is depicted in the form of a point, tooth flanks are formed on both sides of the tooth tip, which flanks extend from the tooth tip to the tooth valley surface, and a transition to the next tooth and its tooth flank are formed.

[0084] In the above aspects, the tooth flanks may extend in a straight line, but may also optionally be partially curved. In the case where the flanks extend in a curved manner, the length of the tooth flanks may be determined by a straight line connecting the ends of the tooth flanks. In this regard, reference is also made to the above explanations.

[0085] In the context of the present disclosure, any range or ranges of values ​​set forth above or below include all intermediate values, particularly intermediate values ​​in 1 / 10 increments in each dimension, but may optionally be dimensionless. For example, a designation of 0.5x to 3x also includes disclosures of 0.6x to 3x, 0.5x to 2.9x, 0.6x to 2.9x, etc., a disclosure of less than 170 degrees also includes disclosures of less than 169.9 degrees, etc., and a disclosure of 5° to 25° also includes disclosures of 5.1° to 25°, 5° to 24.9°, 5.1° to 24.9°, etc. Each designation is used, on the one hand, to define the lower and / or upper limits of the stated range, but alternatively or additionally, to disclose one or more single values ​​from each designated range. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0086] The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of the attached drawings, which show only exemplary embodiments, in which elements described with reference to one of the exemplary embodiments and which cannot be replaced by different parts in another exemplary embodiment are therefore described as elements potentially present also in this other exemplary embodiment. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pair of pliers of the type to which the first embodiment pertains. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a front view of the pliers. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows a side view of the pliers according to the arrow III in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a rear view of the pliers. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail of area V in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a front view of the pliers according to arrow VI of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows an enlarged detail of area VII of FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows a greatly enlarged view of region VIII of FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the pliers jaws corresponding to FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of area X of FIG. 9, with one jaw simply shown in dashed lines. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to FIG. 10, in which the other jaw is simply shown in dashed lines. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows an enlarged view of area XII of FIG. 9, with one jaw simply shown in dashed lines. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, in which the other jaw is simply shown in dashed lines. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows an enlarged portion along line XIV-XIV of FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a view substantially corresponding to FIG. 14, relating to the joint bolt position for releasing the interlock. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows a cross section taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG. 3 and relates to the minimum opening width of the mouth of the pliers. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows a cross-section according to FIG. 16, for an intermediate opening width of the mouth of the pliers. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 shows another cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 16 and relating to the maximum opening width of the mouth of the pliers. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5, but with the work piece gripped in the forward region of the pliers mouth. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a view corresponding to FIG. 19, but with the work piece gripped in the rear region of the pliers mouth. [Figure 21]FIG. 21 shows a view of pliers according to the second embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows an enlarged detail of region XXII in FIG. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout configuration for the pliers jaws. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout configuration for the pliers jaws. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout configuration for the pliers jaws. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout configuration for the pliers jaws. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0087] First, the pliers 1 and / or the grip pliers in an assembled form will be described with reference to FIGS. Figures 21 and 22 show such pliers 1 in the form of universal universal pliers.

[0088] Pliers 1 has pliers arms 3 and 4 that intersect at a joint bolt 2 having a joint bolt axis x. In an exemplary embodiment, pliers arm 3 is considered to be a fixed pliers arm and pliers arm 4 is considered to be a movable pliers arm that is pivotable relative to fixed pliers arm 3 about the fixed joint bolt axis x, thereby opening and closing a pliers mouth 7 formed between jaws 5 and 6 of pliers arms 3 and 4.

[0089] Jaws 5 and 6 are formed on the pliers arms 3 and 4 on one side of the joint bolt 2, while gripping portions 8 and 9 are formed on the parts of the pliers arms 3 and 4 opposite the jaws 5 and 6.

[0090] In the first exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 13, the fixed pliers arm 3 can be designed in a fork-like manner in the intersection region with the movable pliers arm 4 in order to embrace on both sides the movable pliers arm 4, which passes through the fixed pliers arm 3 in the region of a correspondingly formed slot opening 10.

[0091] The joint bolt 2 is received in a hole-like receiver 12 in the fork part 11 of the fixed pliers arm 3, passes through a long slot 13 in the intersection area with the movable pliers arm 4 and also passes through another hole-like opening 14 formed in the other fork part 15 of the fixed pliers arm 3 in the axial extension of the hole-like receiver 12.

[0092] The longitudinal slot 13 has an extent S along a longitudinal centerline 50 which preferably extends transversely to the orientation of the gripping pliers arms 3 and 4 when the pliers 1 are closed, e.g., as shown in FIG. 2, and thus preferably extends transversely to the longitudinal extent L of the pliers 1 as a whole.

[0093] The long slot 13 may be realized with a pawl 16 along at least one longitudinal edge, preferably along both longitudinal edges, to cooperate with a corresponding pawl 17 formed on the outer wall of the joint bolt 2.

[0094] This counter pawl 17 extends from a joint bolt base 19 located in the receiving part 12 of the fork part 11 over approximately half the length of the joint bolt 2 in the direction of the joint bolt axis x, thereby achieving a meshing between the joint bolt 2 and the elongated slot 13 in the basic orientation of the joint bolt 2, as shown, for example, in Figures 14 and 16.

[0095] The joint bolt 2 is preferably acted upon in this basic orientation by a spring, for example a leaf spring 18. In this case, the leaf spring 18 can preferably be fixed in the region of the fork part 11 of the fixed pliers arm 3 and can act with its free end against the joint bolt base body 19, by which the joint bolt 2 is pressed in a stop-limit manner in the direction of meshing.

[0096] In this basic orientation, the joint bolt 2 protrudes further beyond the outer edge of another opening 14 formed in the fork part 15, with its outer opening edge pointing axially outward, thereby forming a plate-shaped operating protrusion 20.

[0097] The leaf spring 18 is preferably arranged to extend from a support area formed on the associated end of the joint bolt or joint bolt base 19 to an overlap area, where it is fixed on a fixed pliers arm.

[0098] The fork portion 15 may be formed with a cap-shaped recess 39 surrounding the above-mentioned opening 14. This recess 39 preferably serves as a sort of thumb recess during actuation of the joint bolt 2.

[0099] The recess central axis y, which runs parallel to the joint bolt axis x, is preferably arranged eccentrically with respect to the joint bolt axis x, further preferably realizing a corresponding offset in the adjustment direction r of the pliers jaws 7 defined by the orientation of the long slots 13. The corresponding offset degree a can correspond to about 0.3 to 0.8 times, even about 0.5 times, the bolt diameter (see FIG. 2).

[0100] In order to change the opening width w between the jaws 5 and 6, the joint bolt 2 must first be displaced axially, optionally against the restoring force of the leaf spring 18, so that it is released from the engagement with the long slot 13. For this purpose, the joint bolt 2 can be subjected to a pressure load, preferably in the region of the actuation lug 20, for example as a result of a thumb action. In the axially displaced position of the joint bolt 2 shown in FIG. 15, the engagement is released, so that the movable pliers arm 4 can be linearly displaced in the adjustment direction r relative to the fixed pliers arm 3.

[0101] In this displaced position of the joint bolt 2, its base 19 can be moved away from the associated face of the fork part 11 in the direction of the joint bolt axis x. The joint bolt 2 therefore projects from the receiver 12 with its end facing away from the actuating lug 20 (see FIG. 15).

[0102] Figures 16 to 18 show pliers 1 according to the first embodiment with differently adjusted opening widths w: Figure 16 shows an example of the smallest possible opening width w, Figure 18 shows an example of the largest possible opening width w, and Figure 17 shows an intermediate position.

[0103] In the above-mentioned first exemplary embodiment, in particular in the closed position of the pliers, for example in Fig. 16, pliers arm portions 21 and 22 are further formed between the intersecting fork parts 11 and 15 and the gripping parts 8 and 9, when viewed in the longitudinal extent L of the pliers 1. In the closed position of the pliers, these pliers arm portions 21 and 22 extend substantially parallel to one another and preferably in a parallel orientation to a longitudinal central plane E passing through the centre of the pliers mouth 7. This longitudinal central plane E passes through both pliers arms 3, 4 equally, in particular in the region of the pliers arm portions 21, 22.

[0104] The pliers arm portions 21 and 22, when viewed in the longitudinal extent of the pliers 1, are essentially separated by widenings formed thereon, i.e. on the gripping side by the respective offset regions 40 and 41, and on the opposite side by a widening forming a pliers head 42 with a longitudinal slot 13 and fork portions 11 and 15 (see in particular FIG. 16).

[0105] In the above-mentioned closed position of the pliers jaws, the outer edges 43 and 44 defining the pliers arm portion 21 preferably extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal slot 13 or to the adjustment direction r, in particular parallel to each other and preferably also to the outer edges 45 and 46 of the other pliers arm portion 22.

[0106] In this case, the movable pliers arm 4 on the inserting side overlaps with the fixed pliers arm 3 on the receiving side in an overlap region U (hatched in Figs. 16 to 18 for a better overview). This overlap is formed substantially in the region of the pliers arm parts 21 and 22.

[0107] Viewed in the direction of the longitudinal extent L of the pliers 1, the total length d of the overlap region U can correspond to approximately 2 to 4 times the degree of adjustability f of the joint bolt 2 in the long slot 13 transverse to the longitudinal orientation of the pliers arm parts 21 and 22. The width g of the overlap region U between the outer edge 45 of the movable pliers arm 4 and the outer edge 44 of the fixed pliers arm 3 (see FIG. 16) or, depending on the adjustment of the opening width, between the outer edge 43 of the fixed pliers arm 3 and the outer edge 46 of the movable pliers arm 4 (see FIGS. 17 and 18) can correspond to approximately 0.5 to 2 times the degree of adjustability f of the joint bolt 2 in the long slot 13 transverse to the longitudinal orientation of the pliers arm parts 21 and 22. Furthermore, the width g of the overlap region can correspond to approximately 1.5 to 4 times the corresponding length d.

[0108] In any case, the width g of the overlap area U first increases during adjustment from the minimum opening width w to the maximum opening width w, for example from the minimum opening width w shown in FIG. 16 to an intermediate adjustable opening position shown in FIG. 17. In that case, at least an almost complete overlap of the pliers arm parts 21 and 22 can be formed in this possible intermediate position, whereas the length d can be at least approximately the same in all opening width positions of the pliers 1, relative to the closed position of the pliers jaws.

[0109] The increased overlap width g results in a decreased width h of the pliers 1 in the region of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22. In this regard, the preferred minimum width h in the closed position of the pliers mouth may correspond to approximately 0.4 to 0.6 times, or even approximately 0.5 times, the length d. The possible maximum width h when the pliers arm portions 21 and 22 only partially overlap may correspond, for example, to approximately 0.6 to 0.9 times, or even approximately 0.75 times, the above-mentioned length d of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22.

[0110] An overall elongated structural shape of the pliers 1 is obtained, especially in the region of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22, which are preferably set back behind the formed jaws 5 and 6, whatever the adjustment of the width of the pliers mouth. The width k of the pliers 1, seen in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane E in the region of the jaws 5 and 6, corresponds in every opening width position relative to the closed position of the pliers mouth to at least 1.3 times and up to about 2 times the width h, seen in the same direction, of the overlap region in the region of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22.

[0111] 1-18, jaws 5 and 6 have working faces 23 and 24, respectively, formed with only individual teeth 25 and 26. Furthermore, an opening 27 of the pliers mouth 7 is formed between these teeth 25 and 26 in the closed position of the pliers, as shown, for example, in FIG.

[0112] Each of the toothed portions 25 and 26 is formed by a number of teeth 28 facing towards the pliers jaws 7. The tips 29 of these teeth and the valleys 30 formed between the teeth extend substantially towards the joint bolt axis x which forms the axis of rotation.

[0113] The pliers mouth 7 preferably also leaves an opening 27, which extends transversely and longitudinally to the longitudinal center plane E, into which a plurality of teeth 28 of the toothings 25, 26 project in the minimum closed position of the pliers. In a perspective in which the axis of rotation x is depicted in the form of a point and the longitudinal center plane E in the form of a line, the pliers mouth 7 is delimited by the working surfaces 23, 24 of the jaws 5, 6 on either side of the longitudinal center plane E. According to the enlarged view shown in FIG. 5, the pliers mouth further has a penetration surface D which may, but does not have to, coincide with the longitudinal center plane E. In an exemplary embodiment, the coincidence with the longitudinal center plane E occurs when the pliers mouth is further closed after the penetration surface D has been formed as defined.

[0114] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the penetration surface D may extend approximately centrally relative to the working surfaces 23, 24 on the free ends of the jaws 5, 6 in the position according to the enlarged view of Fig. 5. However, its manner of extension ultimately depends only on the rules already mentioned above and will be explained again below. In this regard, the penetration surface D can be formed to extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal centerline 50 of the long slot 13 in the maximally closed adjustment position of the pliers mouth 7. In that case, a point of intersection P is formed between the penetration surface D and the longitudinal centerline 50 (see Fig. 5).

[0115] In the embodiment of FIGS. 21 and 22, the axis of rotation x extends in the through plane D, and in the exemplary embodiment also coincides with the longitudinal center plane E, as shown in the enlarged detail of FIG.

[0116] The maximum length of the penetration surface D referred to in the context of this application refers to the dimension A from the joint-side end of the opening 27 to the position of first tooth contact. In this regard, please refer to the enlarged view of FIG.

[0117] Furthermore, the orientation of the penetration plane D starting from point P is selected such that the first contact of both working surfaces at the free ends 48 of both jaws 5 and 6 during the process of closing the pliers mouth 7 occurs simultaneously on this penetration plane D. This is for example a contact by the teeth tips in the end regions of both jaws adjacent to the pliers mouth 7, viewed from the axis of rotation x as the starting point. This first contact can preferably occur before the closed position of the pliers mouth is reached. The enlarged detail of FIG. 5 shows this contact position in contrast to the closed position that would be shown in FIG. 5 if there was no contact. This results in a linear contact of at least one respective tooth of each jaw 5 and 6 with the penetration plane D.

[0118] For example, referring to the side view of the pliers 1 according to Fig. 9, the tooth tips 29 are flanked on both sides by tooth flanks 47 and 47', which at their ends opposite the tooth tips 29, penetrate into the tooth valleys 30. The tooth flanks 47 and 47', which extend in straight lines in this view, are at an angle to each other. In the greatly enlarged views according to Figs. 10 and 13, one individual jaw is shown simply by dashed lines for better visibility, and an angle bisector Q is drawn centrally relative to the tooth flanks 47 and 47' of the tooth 28. In the region where the angle bisectors Q extend within the pliers mouth 7, they intersect the tooth tips 29 at the same point as the angle bisector Q and form an acute angle δ or ε, respectively, with a perpendicular line N oriented perpendicular to the penetration plane D.

[0119] Figures 9, 11 and 13 in particular show that two groups G5 and G6 of teeth 28 with different orientations of the respective acute angles δ or ε are formed on the jaw 5. When viewed from the free end 48 of the jaw 5 facing away from the axis of rotation or the joint bolt axis x, respectively, or from the corresponding working surface 23 facing the joint bolt axis x, the teeth 28 of the first group G5, whose acute angle δ is formed between the perpendicular N and the joint bolt axis x, are realized on this second working surface 23.

[0120] The angle bisector Q of the teeth 28 in this group G5 starts at the tooth tip 9 and runs away from the pliers mouth 7 with an upward incline towards the free end 48 of the jaw 5.

[0121] The acute angle δ of the teeth 28 in group G5 can be, for example, from about 20 degrees to about 50 degrees, and further can be from about 25 degrees to about 40 degrees.

[0122] The teeth 29 of this first group of jaws 5 facing into the pliers mouth 7 are oriented in the pliers mouth 7 towards the joint bolt axis / rotation axis x in a side view, so that the teeth 28 have a corresponding V-shape facing towards the joint bolt axis / rotation axis x.

[0123] The distance b from the penetration plane D perpendicularly to the tooth tip 29 increases progressively within the group G5 starting from the free end 48. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the distance b may approximately double from tooth to tooth starting from the free end 48.

[0124] This group G5 is followed by a second group G6 of teeth 28 whose acute angles ε are each formed between the perpendicular N and the free end 48 and whose angle bisector Q extends obliquely downward from the tooth tip 29 towards the joint bolt axis x, away from the pliers mouth 7.

[0125] This second group G6 can preferably be divided into two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2. In this case, the acute angle ε of the subgroup G6-1 which follows the first group G5 is chosen to be much smaller towards the axis of rotation x than the acute angle ε of the subgroup G6-2 which follows this subgroup G6-1. The descending slope of the area of ​​the subgroup G6-1 is therefore gentler than that of the subgroup G6-2.

[0126] For example, an acute angle ε of about 0.5 degrees (or less, optionally approximately 0 degrees) to about 10 degrees, or even about 1 degree to about 5 degrees, can be realized in a first subgroup G6-1 of the second group, and an acute angle ε of about 10 degrees to about 45 degrees, or even about 15 degrees to about 40 degrees, can be realized in a second subgroup G6-2. Thus, the acute angle ε of the second subgroup G6-2 can correspond to about 1.5 times to about 100 times, or even about 3 times to about 50 times, the acute angle ε of the first subgroup G6-1.

[0127] Starting from the teeth 28 of the second group G6 or the first subgroup G6-1 directly following the first group G5, the vertical distance b of the teeth 28 from the penetration plane D may become progressively smaller towards the rotation axis x. In this case, the distance b of the first teeth 28 of the second group G6 directly following the first group G5 may be selected to be, for example, 1.2 to 1.7 times larger than the distance b of the teeth 28 of the first group G5 directly following the second group G6 towards the free end 48.

[0128] Each distance b may decrease from tooth to tooth toward the last tooth 28 of the second group G6 facing the axis of rotation x, i.e., may be about 0.5 to about 0.8 times the distance b of the tooth 28 in the same group G6 located immediately adjacent to the free end 48.

[0129] With respect to the working surface 23 of the jaw 5, an approximately continuous increase in the distance b can be realized in the region of the group G5 from the free end 48 towards the axis of rotation x, which is then preferably followed by an approximately continuous decrease in the distance b with the transition to the second group G6.

[0130] The tips 29 of the teeth of the second group G6 of the jaws 5 are directed towards the free end 48 in a side view, which results in a corresponding V-shape of the teeth 28 directed towards the pliers tip 34.

[0131] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, four groups of teeth G1-G4 are preferably formed on the working surface 24 of the jaw 6, arranged sequentially in a row in the longitudinal direction L of the working surface 24 starting from the free end 48 towards the joint bolt axis / axis of rotation x, i.e. G1, G2, G3, G4. The change in each group involves a change in the orientation of the acute angles δ and ε or a change in the inclination towards the free end or axis of rotation x (see in particular Figures 9, 10 and 12).

[0132] In this case, the acute angles δ of groups G1 and G3 are formed between the perpendicular line and the axis of rotation x, respectively, whereas the acute angles ε are formed in groups G2 and G4 between the perpendicular line N and the free ends 48. The angle bisector Q is therefore inclined away from the pliers mouth, towards the free ends in groups G1 and G3 and towards the axis of rotation x in groups G2 and G4.

[0133] The acute angle δ of the teeth 28 of group G1 can be, for example, between about 5 degrees and about 30 degrees, or even between about 10 degrees and about 20 degrees. The acute angle of group G3 can be selected to be at least partially greater than that of group 1. In this regard, the acute angle δ of group 3 can be, for example, selected between about 20 degrees and about 60 degrees, or even between about 30 degrees and about 45 degrees.

[0134] The acute angle ε of the teeth 28 of group G2 may have values ​​in the same range as described for the acute angle δ of the first group G1, but this acute angle ε is formed on the opposite side of the angle δ with respect to the perpendicular N. The acute angle of group G4 may be selected to be at least partially larger than that of group G2. The range of values ​​of the acute angle ε of group G4 may preferably correspond to the range of values ​​described for the acute angle δ of group G3.

[0135] Furthermore, two areas C1 and C2 can be formed, each of which is composed of a group with an acute angle δ and an adjacent group with an acute angle ε. The acute angles δ and ε of these two groups have the same or approximately the same range of values. In the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, the first area C1 is composed of the groups G1 and G2, and the second area C2 is composed of the groups G3 and G4.

[0136] Moreover, it is self-evident that the distance b in area C2, ie in the region of groups G3 and G4, is chosen to be much larger than in the first area C1.

[0137] Whereas the distance b between the tooth tip 29 and the penetration plane D is formed in the free space of the pliers mouth 7 on the working surface 23 of the other jaw 5, in contrast, a negative distance b may be formed in the area of ​​the opposite working surface 24, particularly in the area of ​​the group G1, since the individual teeth 28 extend beyond the penetration plane D. The distance b is therefore measured along the perpendicular line N within the tooth 28 starting from the tooth tip 29 towards the tooth valley 30.

[0138] In this case, the distance dimension corresponds to the projection dimension of the tooth 28 beyond the penetration plane D. Such free projection beyond the penetration plane D can optionally only be reached at the minimum opening width in the closed position of the pliers shown in FIG.

[0139] Such a protruding dimension (distance b) is preferably in the range of 1 / 10 mm or less, for example in the range of up to 0.5 mm.

[0140] The distance b of the teeth 28 of the groups G2 and G3, and optionally of the fourth group G4 directly following the third group G3, gradually increases towards the axis of rotation x up to the transition from group G3 to group G4, in particular starting from the transition from the first group G1 to the second group G2. In this case, the value of the increase from tooth to tooth in the second group G2 may be greater than the value of the increase from tooth to tooth in the third group G3.

[0141] For example, the increase in each tooth-to-tooth distance b in the region of the second group G2 can be about 1.5 to about 2 times the distance b of the adjacent tooth 28 on the free end 48 side in the same group G2. The tooth-to-tooth distance b in the third group can be increased, for example, by about 1.2 to about 1.5 times the distance b of the adjacent tooth 28 on the free end 48 side in the same group G3.

[0142] The gradual decrease in the distance b preferably occurs substantially only in the region of group G4, whereby starting from the transition from group G3 to group G4 and going from tooth to tooth along the axis of rotation x, each distance b may be approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times smaller than the distance b of the adjacent tooth 28 on the free end 48 side in the same group G4.

[0143] The tips 29 of the teeth of the first and third groups G1 and G3 of the jaw 6 are oriented towards the joint bolt axis x in the side view. This results in a corresponding V-shape of the teeth 28 pointing towards the grippers 3 and 4. In contrast, the tips 29 of the teeth of the second and fourth groups G2 and G4 are oriented towards the free end 48 in the side view. This therefore results in a V-shape of the teeth 28 pointing towards the pliers tip 34.

[0144] The groups of teeth 28 of both working surfaces 23 and 24 of both jaws 5 and 6, which have a given angular orientation (angle δ or ε), are at least partially arranged opposite each other with respect to the longitudinal center plane E or the piercing plane D, respectively. With respect to the vertical projection of the groups along the normal N on the respective longitudinal center plane E or the piercing plane D, preferably a partial overlap is formed between the group G1 of the first working surface 24 and the group G5 of the second working surface 23, whereas the group G6 of the second working surface 23 overlaps with the teeth 28 of the groups G2 and G4 of the first working surface 24, which are oriented in the same direction, and with that of the third group G3, which has the oppositely oriented tooth tips 29. Further preferred is an offset arrangement of both working surfaces 23 and 24 along the penetration plane D, particularly in the closed position of the pliers jaws as shown for example in Figure 9. In a preferred projection perpendicular to the longitudinal centre plane E, the valleys 30 of one working surface are located substantially opposite the tips 29 of the other working surface.

[0145] With regard to the side view of the pliers 1 shown in FIG. 8 or the cross-sectional view shown, for example, in FIG. 16, the joint bolt axis x is depicted in the form of a point in said side view or cross-sectional view, and the polylines Z and Z′ connecting the tips 29 of each tooth portion 25 and 26 may form a straight line segment T between two tips 29 that are arranged substantially consecutively in the longitudinal direction L.

[0146] In this case, when viewed outwardly from the opening 27, a respective wavy polyline Z or Z' is formed overall, with a crest 31 and a trough 32. The trough 32 of one polyline Z', Z is preferably located approximately opposite the crest 31 of the other polyline Z, Z', e.g. mirror-like with respect to the longitudinal center plane E or the penetration plane D.

[0147] A transition 33 is formed at the transition from crest 31 to trough 32 of each polyline Z or Z'.

[0148] In each case, in the region of the crest 31 of each polyline Z or Z', two adjacent segments T are formed, which form an angle α of less than 170 degrees with respect to each other toward the pliers mouth 7, for example, for polyline Z the angle α is approximately 150 degrees or 165 degrees, and for polyline Z' the angle α is approximately 130 degrees or 170 degrees.

[0149] In the region of the wave trough 32 between two segments T located adjacent to each other in the direction of the respective polyline Z, Z', an angle β of 170 degrees or more may be formed. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the angles are about 180 degrees for the polyline Z and about 185 degrees for the polyline Z'.

[0150] In the region of the transition 33 in each polyline Z or Z', two segments T can be formed which point towards the pliers mouth 7 at an angle γ preferably greater than 190 degrees relative to one another. In the polyline Z, the angle γ is preferably, for example, approximately 195 degrees, and in the polyline Z', the angle γ is preferably approximately 200 degrees.

[0151] A generally diamond-shaped opening area M bounded by polylines Z and Z' may be formed at a minimum opening width w in the closed position of the pliers jaws, for example as shown in FIG.

[0152] Furthermore, the tooth flanks 47 and 47' of the teeth 28 are oriented at an angle to one another such that in the region of the crests 31 of both working faces 23 and 24 a backward V-shape is formed, pointing towards the joint bolt axis x, and in the region of the troughs 32 a biased V-shape is formed, pointing towards the pliers tip 34. A substantially intermediate orientation of the teeth 28 is realized in the region of the transition 33.

[0153] Furthermore, the orientation of the tooth tip 29 may be defined by different lengths of the tooth flanks 47 and 47' of the tooth. For example, Figures 10 and 13 show that in an orientation of the tooth tip 29 offset towards the free end 48, the longer tooth flank 47 is formed on the side of the tooth 28 facing the axis of rotation x, i.e., opposite the free end 48. In contrast, in an orientation of the tooth tip 29 offset towards the axis of rotation x, the shorter tooth flank 47' is formed on the side opposite the free end 48.

[0154] This advantageously allows a segmentation of the pliers mouth 7, in particular when the pliers 1 are used to grip an object which is to be rotated by the pliers mouth 7. For example, the front teeth 28 facing the pliers tip 34 in the front region 51 serve to apply a counterclockwise force to the object in the region of the crest 31 of the working surface 23 and the crest 32 of the working surface 24, for example to loosen a screw (see FIG. 19), and the teeth 28 facing the rotation axis or joint bolt axis x in the rear region 52 serve to apply a clockwise force in the region of the trough 32 of the working surface 23 and the crest 31 of the working surface 24, for example to tighten a screw (see FIG. 20).

[0155] A work piece, for example in the form of a round bolt 49 as shown in Figures 19 and 20, can be gripped by the teeth 28 of the working faces 23 and 24 in the front region 51 or the rear region 52. The round bolt 49 is gripped at least twice by at least one tooth 28' and 28" of each working face 23 and 24, respectively. This double gripping is performed at least on the diameter e of the illustrated round bolt 49, which diameter e preferably requires an opening angle η of the pliers jaws of about 10 degrees. The diameter e of the round bolt 48 can be selected to be smaller when gripping in the front region 51 than when gripping in the rear region 52, while maintaining an opening angle η of about 10 degrees, for example.

[0156] The round bolt 49 is gripped in a front region 51 by a tooth 28" of the first group G1 of the first working surface 24, directed obliquely towards the free end 48, and optionally by two teeth 28, but in each case by one tooth 28' of the second group G6 of the second working surface 23, and potentially in contact with two teeth 28 of the second working surface 23, which teeth belong to different groups G5 and G6 which are successive to one another in the longitudinal direction of the pliers mouth 7. The gripping in this region therefore preferably takes place in the region of the wave base 32 of the polyline Z.

[0157] When the round bolt 49 is gripped in the rear region 52 in FIG. 20, gripping in the region of the second working surface 23 is performed by the teeth 28″ of the second group G6 oriented towards the free end 48 and by at least one tooth 28′ of the second group G2 of the first working surface 24 oriented towards the axis of rotation x. Optionally, gripping can therefore be performed by the teeth 28′ in the region of the group G3 of the first working surface 24.

[0158] The arrangement and design of the teeth 28 along each of the polylines Z and Z' allows the use of the pliers 1 with the presented pliers mouths 7 over a very large range of diameters of the workpiece being gripped, for example from about 1.5 mm to 4 mm or more, up to 16 mm or 20 mm or more.

[0159] 21 and 22, such a design of the pliers mouth 7 can also be realized in so-called universal pliers, for example to design the pliers mouth 7 in the form of a burner hole. Viewed in the longitudinal direction L of the pliers 1, a cutting blade 35 can be provided on the side of the rotation axis x before the pliers mouth 7, and the working surfaces 23 and 24 can also form a gripping surface 36 adjacent to the pliers mouth 7 on the side of the pliers tip 34.

[0160] Instead of the generally generally diamond-shaped arrangement of the polylines Z and Z' of both working faces 23 and 24, the working faces 23 and 24 may have two opposing rows with groups of teeth 28, whose polylines Z and Z', i.e. the envelope surfaces connecting the tooth tips 29, may extend linearly over the entire length of each pawl 16 in the above-mentioned perspective (see FIG. 23), optionally oriented parallel to the penetration plane D. The linearly extending polylines Z, Z' of both working faces 23, 24 may extend radially from one another and may form an acute angle of, for example, 10 degrees or 20 degrees with respect to one another.

[0161] As another alternative in this regard, both polylines Z and Z', i.e. the envelope surfaces, can have a convex orientation when viewed outward from the piercing plane D (see FIG. 24), or alternatively, both polylines Z and Z', i.e. the envelope surfaces, can have a concave orientation when viewed outward from the piercing plane D (see FIG. 25). It is also possible that one polyline Z or Z', i.e. one envelope surface, extends in a concavely curved manner and the other polyline Z' or Z, i.e. the other envelope surface, extends in a convexly curved manner when viewed outward from the piercing plane D (see FIG. 26).

[0162] With respect to the penetrating surface D, the teeth 28, in particular the tooth tips 29, of each working surface 23 or 24 can be located substantially opposite the tooth valley 30 formed between two teeth 28 of the other working surface 24 or 23 in the extension direction of the assigned polyline Z or Z'. The tooth design, in particular the extent of the tooth flanks 47 and 47', may be realized differently with respect to the working surfaces 23 and 24 by correspondingly adapting the extent of the polylines Z and Z', in particular if both polylines Z and Z' extend, for example, similarly concave or similarly convex (see Figures 24 and 25).

[0163] Each working surface 23 and 24 is provided with teeth regardless of the extent of the polylines Z and Z', i.e. the envelope. The pointed teeth 28 of a group of the second working surface 23, assigned to the front region 51, point towards the axis of rotation x, and the teeth 28 of another group of the same working surface 23 in the rear region 52 point towards the free end 48. The non-axial group of the first working surface 24 in the front region 51 has teeth 28 extending obliquely towards the free end 48. In contrast, the other group assigned to the rear region 52 of the same working surface 24 is preferably provided with teeth 28 inclined towards the axis of rotation x.

[0164] In the pliers 1 according to the first embodiment, which also applies to the pliers 1 realised in the form of universal pliers according to the second embodiment, the working surfaces 23 and 24 further have a groove extending towards the pliers tip 34, so that an opening 37 is left on the side of the pliers tip in the front view of the pliers mouth shown in Fig. 6, in particular when the pliers 1 are closed. In this way, the opening 37 provided with peripheral teeth 38 can be formed by a groove which preferably extends linearly in the longitudinal direction L. Pliers 1 designed in this way are therefore also suitable for encircling an object, for example on the side of the tip, for example for turning said object.

[0165] The groups of teeth with different orientations shown in figures 23 to 26 can each be supplemented in the respective working surface with one or more further groups, which are realised in such a way that, in terms of orientation, they are again oriented opposite to the adjacent groups.

[0166] The above description is intended to describe the invention encompassed by this application as a whole, which also advances the prior art independently through at least the following combinations of features, two, some or all of which may be combined:

[0167] 1. A pair of pliers in which a joint bolt 2 can be pushed in to pass a pawl 16 in order to adjust an opening width w, the pliers arm 4 of the inserting side has an elongated overlap region U in which the pliers arm 4 of the inserting side overlaps on both sides the pliers arm 3 of the inserted side, the overlap region U extending substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction r of the joint bolt 2 in the long slot 13, the overlap region U having a width w corresponding to at least 0.5 times the maximum degree of adjustment f and a length d corresponding to at least twice the maximum degree of adjustment f.

[0168] Pliers, characterized in that in the course of adjustment from a smaller opening width w to a larger opening width w, in each case a larger surface overlap of the pliers arm parts 21, 22 on the gripping side is first formed.

[0169] Pliers, characterized in that the width h of the pliers 1 in the overlap region initially decreases during adjustment of the pliers 1 from the closed position to the larger opening width w.

[0170] Pliers, characterized in that the fixed pliers arm 3 has a recess 39 designed for pressing the joint bolt 2, the joint bolt axis x being arranged eccentrically with respect to the geometric central axis y of the recess.

[0171] A pair of pliers characterized in that a joint bolt axis x is offset with respect to a central axis y of a recess in an adjustment direction r of a pliers jaw (7).

[0172] Pliers characterised in that the jaws (5, 6) have working faces (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26).

[0173] Pliers characterized in that the working surfaces 23, 24 have a groove in the longitudinal direction L of the pliers mouth 7 toward the pliers tip 34, so that an opening 37 is left in a front view of the pliers mouth 7 when the pliers 1 are closed.

[0174] 1. Pliers characterised in that both working surfaces 23, 24 each have, in the portion extending from the free end 48 of the jaws 5, 6 to the axis of rotation x, teeth 28 with tips 29 directed towards the axis of rotation x, followed by further teeth 28 in the same working surfaces 23, 24 with their tips 29 directed towards the free ends 48 of the jaws 5, 6 or vice versa, and in which opposing groups G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 of teeth 28 are further formed opposite each other on the first and second working surfaces 23, 24, respectively.

[0175] pliers, characterized in that, viewed from the free ends of the working faces 23, 24 of the pliers mouth 7 towards the axis of rotation x, a first group of teeth 28 is first formed on the first working face 24 of the pliers mouth 7, the respective angle bisectors Q of the teeth 28 of this first group running obliquely from the tooth tip 29 towards the free end of the jaw 6 facing away from the pliers mouth 7, the teeth of this first group continuing to teeth 28 of a second group G2 in which the respective angle bisectors Q run obliquely towards the joint-side end of the pliers mouth 7, and the teeth of this second group continuing to teeth 28 of a third group G3 in which the respective angle bisectors Q run obliquely towards the free end of the jaw 6 again.

[0176] pliers, characterized in that, seen from the free ends 50 of the working faces 23 and 24 of the pliers mouth 7 towards the axis of rotation x, a first group G1 of teeth 28 is first formed on the first working face 24 of the pliers mouth 7, an acute angle δ of the teeth of this first group being formed between the perpendicular line N and the axis of rotation x, respectively, said first group of teeth being followed by teeth 28 of a second group G2, in which an acute angle ε is formed between the perpendicular line N and the free ends 50 of the working faces 23 and 24 of the pliers mouth 7, respectively, and said second group of teeth being followed by teeth 28 of a third group G3, in which an acute angle δ of the third group G3 is again formed between the perpendicular line N and the axis of rotation x.

[0177] pliers, characterized in that a fourth group G4 of teeth 28 continues to the third group G3 of teeth 28, and the angle bisectors Q of the teeth 28 of the fourth group each extend obliquely towards the joint side end of the pliers mouth 7.

[0178] pliers, characterized in that a fourth group G4 of teeth 28 follows the third group G3 of teeth 28, and an acute angle ε of the teeth of the fourth group is formed between the perpendicular line N and the free ends 50 of the working faces 23 and 24 of the pliers mouth 7.

[0179] Pliers characterised in that groups G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 of teeth 28 having predetermined angular orientations are located opposite each other relative to a penetration plane D.

[0180] Pliers characterized in that the teeth 29 are offset from one another with respect to their opposing positions via the longitudinal center plane E with respect to the perpendicular line N.

[0181] pliers, characterized in that the second working surface 23 of the pliers mouth 7 is provided with a first group G5 of teeth 28, in which the angle bisector Q of each of the teeth 28 runs obliquely starting from the tip of the tooth and facing away from the pliers mouth 7 towards the free end of the jaw 5, which first group is continued by a second group G6 of teeth 28, in which the respective angle bisector Q runs obliquely towards the joint-side end of the pliers mouth 7, and that the second group G6 of teeth 28 comprises two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2 of teeth 28, in which the angle bisector Q of the first subgroup G6-1 has a smaller inclination and the angle bisector Q of the second subgroup G6-2 has a larger inclination.

[0182] pliers, characterized in that the second working surface 23 of the pliers mouth 7 is provided with a first group G5 of teeth 28, in which an acute angle δ is formed between the perpendicular line N and the axis of rotation x, respectively, and a second group G6 of teeth 28, in which an acute angle ε is formed between the perpendicular line N and the free ends 50 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers mouth 7, respectively, and that the second group G6 of teeth 28 has two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2, the first subgroup G6-1 having a smaller acute angle ε and the second subgroup G6-2 having a larger acute angle ε.

[0183] 1. Pliers, characterized in that in a front region 51 facing the free ends 48 of the jaws 5, 6 and in a rear region 52 of the pliers mouth 7 facing the axis of rotation x, a round bolt 49 can be gripped by one or more oppositely arranged and oppositely oriented teeth 28 on a first and a second working surface 23, 24, wherein teeth 28 in different groups G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 of the teeth 28 engage with the round bolt 49 in the front and rear region, respectively, wherein the round bolt can be gripped in the rear region by two teeth 28, each of which is assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces 23, 24 and whose tooth tips 29 extend in opposite directions, and wherein the round bolt can likewise be gripped in the front region by two teeth 28, each of which is assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces 23, 24 and whose tooth tips 29 extend in opposite directions.

[0184] Pliers characterized in that the two-way gripping of the round bolt 49 is possible in either case when the round bolt 49 has a diameter e that requires an opening of the pliers of approximately 10 degrees for gripping the above-mentioned round bolt 49 in the front region 51 or the rear region 52.

[0185] Pliers, characterized in that the orientation of the tooth tips 29 is determined by the different lengths of the tooth flanks 47, 47' of each tooth 28, such that when the tooth tips 29 are oriented towards the axis of rotation x, the longer tooth flank 47 is formed on the side of the tooth tip 29 that is opposite to the axis of rotation x, and when the tooth tips 29 are oriented towards the free ends 48 of the jaws 5, 6, the longer tooth flank 47 is formed on the side of the tooth tip 29 that is opposite to the free ends 48 of the jaws 5, 6.

[0186] Pliers characterized in that each polyline Z, Z' has in each case two adjacent segments which, pointing towards the pliers mouth 7, make an angle α of less than or equal to 170 degrees, for example 100 degrees, and that opposite these segments T there is a segment T of the other polyline Z', Z which, pointing towards the pliers mouth 7, makes an angle β of more than 170 degrees, for example 190 degrees, and that each polyline Z, Z' includes two segments T which, viewed in the same direction, make an angle γ of more than 190 degrees with respect to each other.

[0187] All disclosed features are essential to the invention (both by themselves and in combination with one another). The disclosure of the present application includes in its entirety the disclosure content of the relevant / added priority documents (copies of the earlier application), also with a view to incorporating the features of these documents in the claims of the present application. The dependent claims are characterized by an independent, inventive further development of the prior art, even without the features of the claims cited, in particular in order to file a divisional application on the basis of these claims. The invention specified in each claim may additionally have one or more features specified in the preceding description, in particular those given reference signs and / or specified in the explanation of the signs. The present invention also relates in particular to embodiments in which individual ones of the features mentioned in the preceding description are not implemented, insofar as they are obviously unnecessary for the respective purpose of use or can be replaced by other means having the same technical effect. [Explanation of symbols]

[0188] 1 Pliers 2 Joint bolts 3 Pliers Arm 4 Pliers Arm 5. Jaw 6. Jaw 7 Pliers mouth 8 Gripping part 9 Gripping part 10 Slot Opening 11 Fork section 12 Receptor 13 Long Slot 14 Openings 15 Fork section 16 Brake 17 Counter ratchet 18 Leaf spring 19 Joint bolt base 20 Actuating protrusion 21 Pliers arm part 22 Pliers arm part 23 Work surface 24 Work Surface 25 Teeth 26 Teeth 27 Opening 28 teeth 28' teeth 28” Teeth 29 Tooth tip 30 Tooth Valley 31 Wave crest 32 Wave bottom 33 Transition 34 Pliers tip 35 Cutting Edge 36 Gripping surface 37 Opening 38 teeth 39 Recess 40 Offset Area 41 Offset Area 42 Pliers Head 43 Outer Edge 44 Outer Edge 45 Outer Edge 46 Outer Edge 47 Tooth side 47' tooth side 48 Free end 49 Round Bolt 50 Longitudinal centerline 51 Anterior area 52 Posterior area a Offset degree b Rejection d Length e diameter f Adjustment degree g width h width k width r Adjustment direction w Opening width x Joint bolt shaft y Central axis of the recess A Dimension C1 Area C2 Area D Penetrating surface E Long center plane G1 Group G2 Group G3 Group G4 Group G5 Group G6 Group G6-1 Subgroup G6-2 Subgroup L Longitudinal range M Opening Area N Perpendicular P point Q angle bisector S range T segment U overlap area Z Polyline Z' polyline α angle β angle γ angle δ angle ε Angle η angle

Claims

1. A pair of pliers (1) having two pliers arms (3, 4), one of which is a movable pliers arm (4) and the other of which is a fixed pliers arm (3), intersecting each other at a joint bolt (2) having a joint bolt axis (x), The joint bolt (2) has a gripping portion (8, 9) formed on one side thereof and a jaw (5, 6) that cooperates with the pliers (1) as a pliers mouth (7) on the other side thereof, the movable pliers arm (4) further comprises a long slot (13) with a pawl (16) and the joint bolt (2) is movable out of engagement when located in the receiver (12); The movable pliers arm (4) passes through the fixed pliers arm (3), and The long slot (13) further comprises an extension (S) on the gripping side extending transversely to the orientation of the pliers arms (3, 4) in the closed position of the pliers (1), The joint bolt (2) can be pushed in to allow the pawl (16) to pass in order to adjust the opening width (w); The pliers arm (4) on the insertion side has a vertically long overlap region (U) where the pliers arm (3) on the inserted side is overlapped on both side surfaces of the pliers arm (4) on the insertion side, and said overlap area (U) extends approximately perpendicular to the adjustment direction (r) of said joint bolt (2) in said long slot (13) and has a width (g) corresponding to at least 0.5 times the maximum degree of adjustment (f) and a length (d) corresponding to at least twice the maximum degree of adjustment (f).

2. 2. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that in the course of adjustment from a smaller opening width (w) to a larger opening width (w), in each case a larger surface overlap of the pliers arm parts (21, 22) on the gripping side is first formed.

3. 2. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that during adjustment of the pliers (1) from a closed position to a larger opening width (w), the width (h) of the pliers (1) in the overlap region (U) initially decreases.

4. 2. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed pliers arm (3) has a recess (39) provided for pressing the joint bolt (2), the joint bolt axis (x) being arranged eccentrically with respect to the geometrical central axis (y) of the recess.

5. 5. Pliers according to claim 4, characterized in that the joint bolt axis (x) is offset in an adjustment direction (r) of the pliers mouth (7) with respect to the central axis (y) of the recess.

6. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the jaws (5, 6) have working faces (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26).

7. 7. Pliers according to claim 6, characterized in that the working surfaces (23, 24) have a groove in the longitudinal extent (L) of the pliers mouth (7) towards the pliers tip (34) so ​​that an opening (37) remains in a front view of the pliers mouth (7) when the pliers (1) are closed.

8. The pliers mouth (7) has opposing working surfaces (23, 24), which are a first working surface (24) and a second working surface (23), the working surfaces (23, 24) being provided with teeth (25, 26) over most of their length, as viewed from the free ends (48) of the jaws (5, 6) towards the axis of rotation (x), and there are pointed teeth (28) with their tips (29) pointing towards the axis of rotation (x) and other pointed teeth (28) with their tips (29) pointing towards the free ends (48) of said jaws (5, 6), both working surfaces (23, 24) each having teeth (28) in the range from the free end (48) of said jaws (5, 6) to said axis of rotation (x), said teeth (28) have tips (29) pointing towards said axis of rotation (x) and are continued on the same working faces (23, 24) by further teeth (28) whose tips (29) point towards the free ends (48) of said jaws (5, 6) or vice versa; and 2. The pliers of claim 1, further comprising oppositely directed groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6) of teeth (28) formed on opposite sides of said first and second working surfaces (23, 24), respectively.

9. The pliers jaws (7) have working surfaces (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26), and with respect to the extent of the tooth tips (29) within the working surfaces (23, 24), the pointed teeth (28) face toward the axis of rotation (x), and the teeth (28) further each have an angle bisector (Q), and the angle bisector (Q) starts at the tip (29) and extends away from the pliers mouth (7) towards the free ends of the jaws (5, 6) or towards the end of the pliers mouth (7) on the joint side, When viewed from the free end of the working faces (23, 24) of the pliers mouth (7) towards the axis of rotation (x), a first group (G1) of teeth (28) is initially formed on the first working face (24) of the pliers mouth (7), and an angle bisector (Q) of each of the teeth (28) of the first group (G1) extends from the tooth tip (29) in a direction away from the pliers mouth (7) and inclined towards the free end of the jaw (6); The teeth (28) of this first group (G1) are followed by teeth (28) of a second group (G2), each angle bisector (Q) of the second group (G2) extending obliquely towards the joint end of the pliers mouth (7); and 2. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (28) of this second group (G2) are followed by teeth (28) of a third group (G3), the angle bisector (Q) of each of the third group (G3) again extending obliquely towards the free end of said jaw (6).

10. The pliers jaws (7) have working surfaces (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26) and, with respect to the extent of the tooth tips (29) within the working surfaces (23, 24), the pointed teeth (28) are oriented toward the axis of rotation (x); In a perspective in which said axis of rotation (x) is depicted in the form of a point, a penetration plane (D) depicted in the form of a line extends through the pliers opening (7), said through-plane (D) results from the fact that it extends at right angles to the longitudinal centre line (V) of the long slot (13) which receives the joint bolt (2) which is adjustable in the maximum closed adjustment of the pliers jaws (7) or that it extends such that said axis of rotation (x) extends within said through-plane (D); either the intersection (P2) of said through-plane (D) with said longitudinal centre line (V) is selected in the case of said long slot (13) or the orientation of said through-plane (D), in the case of said axis of rotation (x) extending within said through-plane (D), is selected in such a way that contact between the opposing working surfaces (23, 24) during closing of said pliers mouth (7) first occurs at a predefined opening angle on the free ends (48) of said jaws (5, 6); The tooth tip (29) further terminates at a different perpendicular distance (b) from the piercing surface (D) relative to the piercing surface (D) based on a perpendicular line (N) passing through the tooth tip (29), and the tooth (28) further has an angle bisector (Q) that includes an acute angle (δ, ε) with the piercing surface (D), and said acute angle (δ, ε) being formed on one part of said tooth (28) between said perpendicular line (N) and said axis of rotation (x) and on another part of said tooth (28) between said perpendicular line (N) and a free end (48) of said pliers mouth (7) in the area where said angle bisector (Q) extends in the area of ​​said pliers mouth (7); When viewed from the free end (48) of the working faces (23, 24) of the pliers mouth (7) towards the axis of rotation (x), a first group (G1) of teeth (28) is initially formed on a first working face (24) of the pliers mouth (7); the acute angles (δ) of the teeth (28) of this first group (G1) are each formed between the normal (N) and the axis of rotation (x); the teeth (28) of this first group (G1) are joined by teeth (28) of a second group (G2) each of which has an acute angle (ε) formed between the perpendicular line (N) and a free end (48) of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers mouth (7); and 2. Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (28) of this second group (G2) are followed by teeth (28) of a third group (G3) in which an acute angle (δ) is again formed between the perpendicular line (N) and the axis of rotation (x).

11. 11. Pliers according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the teeth (28) of a fourth group (G4) follow the teeth (28) of the third group, and the angle bisector (Q) of each of the teeth (28) of the fourth group extends obliquely towards the joint-side end of the pliers mouth (7).

12. 11. Pliers according to claim 10, characterized in that a fourth group (G4) of teeth (28) follows the third group of teeth (28), the acute angle (ε) of the fourth group of teeth (28) being formed between the perpendicular line (N) and the free end (48) of the working face (23, 24) of the pliers mouth (7).

13. 11. Pliers according to claim 10, characterized in that the teeth of the groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6) having a given angular orientation are located opposite each other with respect to the penetration plane (D).

14. Pliers according to claim 8, characterized in that the teeth (29) are arranged offset from one another with respect to their opposing positions via a longitudinal center plane (E) based on a perpendicular line (N) passing through the teeth (29).

15. the second working surface (23) of the pliers mouth (7) is provided with a first group (G5) of teeth (28) whose respective angle bisectors (Q) extend obliquely from the tooth tips (29) towards the free ends of the jaws (5) opposite the pliers mouth (7); the first group continues with a second group (G6) of teeth (28) whose respective angle bisectors (Q) extend obliquely towards the joint end of the pliers mouth (7); and said second group (G6) of teeth (28) comprises two subgroups (G6-1, G6-2) of teeth (28), the angle bisector (Q) of the first subgroup (G6-1) having a smaller inclination and the angle bisector (Q) of the second subgroup (G6-2) having a larger inclination; and / or a second working surface (23) of the pliers mouth (7) is provided with a first group (G5) of teeth (28), the acute angles (δ) of which are respectively formed between a perpendicular line (N) passing through the tooth tips (29) and the axis of rotation (x), and a second group (G6) of teeth (28), the acute angle (ε) of which is respectively formed between the perpendicular line (N) and a free end (48) of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers mouth (7); 9. Pliers according to claim 8, characterized in that the second group (G6) of teeth (28) comprises two subgroups (G6-1, G6-2) of teeth (28), the angle bisector (Q) of the first subgroup (G6-1) having a smaller inclination and the angle bisector (Q) of the second subgroup (G6-2) having a larger inclination.

16. a round bolt (49) can be gripped by means of oppositely arranged and oppositely directed teeth (28) of one or more of the first and second working surfaces (23, 24) in a front area (51) facing the free ends (48) of the jaws (5, 6) and in a rear area (52) facing the axis of rotation (x), Different groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6) of teeth (28) engage with the round bolt (49) in the front region (51) and in the rear region (52); in the rear region (52) the round bolt can be gripped by two teeth (28), which are each assigned to one of the opposing working faces (23, 24) and whose tips (29) extend in opposite directions; 9. Pliers according to claim 8, characterized in that in the front region (51) the round bolt (49) can also be gripped by two teeth (28), which are each assigned to one of the opposing working faces (23, 24) and whose tips (29) extend in opposite directions.

17. 17. Pliers according to claim 16, characterized in that the two-way gripping of the round bolt (49) is possible in either case if the round bolt (49) has a diameter (e) which requires a pliers opening of 10 degrees for gripping the round bolt (49) in the front region (51) or in the rear region (52).

18. the orientation of the tooth tips (29) is determined by tooth flanks (47, 47') of different lengths on each tooth (28); 11. Pliers according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, when the tooth tips (29) are oriented towards the axis of rotation (x), the longer tooth flank (47) is formed on the side of the tooth tips (29) facing away from the axis of rotation (x), and, when the tooth tips (29) are oriented towards the free ends (48) of the jaws (5, 6), the longer tooth flank (47) is formed on the side of the tooth tips (29) facing away from the free ends (48) of the jaws (5, 6).

19. The pliers jaw (7) has a working surface (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26) with sharp teeth (28) pointing towards the axis of rotation (x); A polyline (Z, Z') may connect the tooth tips (29), the segments (T) of the polyline (Z, Z') are further at angles (α, β, γ) to one another and the polylines (Z, Z') are opposite one another in the open position of the pliers jaws (7); each polyline (Z, Z') has in each case two adjacent segments (T) directed towards said pliers mouth (7) and making an angle (α) of less than 170 degrees, for example 100 degrees, Opposite these segments (T) are segments (T) of other polylines (Z', Z) pointing towards the pliers mouth (7) and making an angle (β) of 170 degrees or more, for example 190 degrees, with each other; and Pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that each polyline (Z, Z') comprises two segments (T) which, viewed in the same direction, make an angle (γ) with respect to each other of 190 degrees or more.

Images