Fragrances for improving invigoration conditions and methods of evaluation - Patents.com

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to methods for evaluating the ability of test fragrance ingredients or test fragrance compositions to improve an invigorated state in a human subject, and for creating fragrance compositions that have a positive revitalizing effect on a human subject, as well as fragrance compositions for improving an invigorated state in a human subject, consumer products comprising such fragrance compositions, and methods for improving an invigorated state in a human subject.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the ability of a test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition to improve an invigoration state in a human subject, and to a method for producing a fragrance composition having the effect of improving an invigoration state in a human subject, further to a fragrance composition for improving an invigoration state in a human subject, a consumer product comprising such a fragrance composition, and a method for improving an invigoration state in a human subject. [Background technology]

[0002] Fragrances are widely employed by consumer product companies to impart a pleasant, well-liked odor to their products that promotes consumer preference and for this reason influences purchasing decisions.

[0003] However, in an increasingly competitive marketplace, mere taste is often not enough to differentiate a brand from its competitors. Thus, in marketing their products, consumer product companies frequently refer to a wide range of product benefits, which are typically communicated through various advertising campaigns, as well as on their product packaging and labeling, which together form an important part of their branding strategies. New differentiating benefits are constantly being sought, and fragrances have often been employed as a means to achieve these benefits. For example, fragrances have been employed to create real or perceived functional benefits, which may relate to cosmetic benefits, hygiene benefits, odor counteracting benefits, and others.

[0004] It has long been known that fragrance materials and essential oils can promote feelings of happiness and well-being. These materials are also used in cosmetics and aromatherapy to provide similar benefits.

[0005] Aroma-Chology® is a term coined by Olfactory Research Fund Ltd. (see extensive review by J. Jellinek in Cosmetics & Toiletries, (1994) 109, pp. 83-101). It is specifically concerned with the temporary beneficial psychological effects of aromas on human behavior and emotions to improve mood and quality of life. In fact, many products promoted as having aromatherapy benefits produce temporary psychological effects and can therefore be more precisely identified with respect to their Aroma-Chology® benefits. However, there is no teaching on how to formulate the products to achieve such benefits qualitatively or quantitatively with a reliable prediction of success. In addition, it is well known that fragrances can be perceived as associated with different attributes in different countries.

[0006] More recently, several patent applications (e.g., WO 02 / 49600, WO 2008 / 050084, WO 2008 / 050086, WO 2020 / 165463) have focused on providing positive mood benefits via fragrance compositions and provide guidelines on how to measure these mood benefits and how to create effective fragrance compositions.

[0007] By way of example, WO 2008 / 050084 describes fragrance compositions that promote a pleasant mood activated by inhalation of an effective amount of an energetic, stress-free fragrance (an invigorating fragrance). WO 2008 / 050084 provides formulation guidelines that specify different types of fragrance ingredients (e.g., invigorating, relaxing or neutral ingredients) and the concentrations at which these fragrance ingredients may be present in the composition to achieve the desired effect. These formulation guidelines have been developed based on consumer testing.

[0008] WO 2008 / 050084 classifies fragrance ingredients into six categories: IMPU fragrance ingredients which strongly support an invigorating mood; HMR fragrance ingredients which may support both happy and relaxed moods; HMI fragrance ingredients which may support both happy and invigorating moods; HMP fragrance ingredients which are strongly associated with a happy mood; RMP fragrance ingredients which strongly support a relaxed mood; and GEN fragrance ingredients which may support a variety of moods.

[0009] However, there are large groups of other fragrance ingredients that are not assigned to any of these six groups, and some fragrance ingredients have been in use for longer now, either due to regulatory restrictions or due to the availability of better alternatives.

[0010] Therefore, there is a need to classify further fragrance ingredients.

[0011] WO 2008 / 050084 uses consumer testing to evaluate the impact of fragrance compositions on the mood and emotions of test subjects. However, consumer testing has several important drawbacks: - Lack of physiological information from participants -No information about the implicit mental processes occurring in the brain -Explicit / declarative descriptions of odors are much more difficult than other stimuli (e.g., descriptions of pictures) and often result in inaccurate findings -Participants have control over the answers they provide in the test and may change their answers to suit the experimenter (a phenomenon known in the psychology literature as "participant bias"), leading to the collection of inaccurate data (https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / 0191-8869(86)90014-0) -Difficulty in differentiating between different mood states among samples -Ratings often correlate with preference scores - Tendency to accept - respond positively -Avoidance tendency - choosing neutral, uncertain, and unclear responses -Speed ​​tendency - completing tests quickly rather than accurately

[0012] It is therefore highly desirable that improved techniques for assessing mood states in human subjects be developed, thereby allowing for more flexibility during measurements. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The present invention solves the above problems.

[0014] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the invigoration state of a human subject by means of fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy).

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the ability of a test fragrance ingredient or composition to ameliorate an invigoration condition in a human subject.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of making a fragrance composition that has the effect of improving an invigoration state in a human subject.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a fragrance composition for improving an invigoration state in a human subject.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a consumer product comprising the fragrance composition.

[0019] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method of ameliorating an invigorating state in a human subject, comprising providing to the human subject an effective amount of a fragrance composition of the invention.

[0020] In a seventh aspect, the present invention relates to the use of certain fragrance ingredients for improving an invigorating state in a human subject. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the fNIRS channel setup. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows the odds ratios for the Invigor ratings of some of the fragrance compositions tested. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess mood states, especially invigoration states, in human subjects is highly advantageous: fNIRS is non-toxic, tolerant to body movements, and highly portable; it is also suitable for all possible participant populations, from newborns to elderly people, and for both in- and out-of-laboratory experimental settings (for a review, see "The present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for cognitive neuroscience", Pinti et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1464 (2020) 5-29). In particular, the use of fNIRS allows in-context testing, where participants are asked to perform specific tasks related to fragrances offered to them (for example, cleaning a hard surface while smelling the fragrance of a general-purpose cleaner).

[0023] fNIRS is an optical non-invasive neuroimaging technique that allows the measurement of brain tissue concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb or HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb or HbR) after neuronal activation. This is achieved by shining NIR light (650nm-950nm) onto the head, and taking advantage of the relative transparency of biological tissues within this NIR optical window, the light will reach the brain tissue. The most dominant and physiologically dependent absorbing chromophore within the NIR optical window is hemoglobin. Based on its saturation state, we can have hemoglobin in its oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated forms (HbR). Notably, HbO2 and HbR absorb NIR light differently: HbO2 absorption is higher at λ>800nm; conversely, HbR absorption coefficient is higher at λ<800nm.

[0024] When a brain area is active and engaged in the performance of a particular task, the brain's metabolic demand for oxygen and glucose increases, leading to an oversupply of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet the increased metabolic demands of the brain. The oversupply of regional CBF produces an increase in HbO2 and a decrease in HbR concentration; these are estimated by changes in light attenuation that can be measured by fNIRS.

[0025] The portion of the tissue interrogated by the NIR light is called the channel, and is located at the midpoint between the source optode (S) and the detector optode (D), and at a depth of approximately half the source-detector separation. To fully exploit the potential of fNIRS, multi-channel devices are used today. These allow monitoring of larger portions of the head, as well as the retrieval of topographic HbO2 and HbR maps. Several multi-channel fNIRS devices are commercially available (Brite by Artinis, ETG-4100 by Hitachi, or NIRSPort by NIRx, to name a few).

[0026] The positions of the fNIRS channels are generally standardized based on the 10-20 system of EEG. A typical device uses about 16-22 channels. The optodes (detectors and sources) must typically be placed in an alternating fashion (i.e., source, followed by detector, followed by source...) on a grid with equal distance between channels, e.g., 3 cm distance (Pinti et al. (2019) "Current Status and Issues Regarding Pre-processing of fNIRS Neuroimaging Data: An Investigation of Diverse Signal Filtering Methods Within a General Linear Model Framework", Front. Hum. Neurosci. 12:505.). Both optodes and channels are typically numbered to allow identification. For optodes, the letter S before the number typically defines the source optode, while the letter D before the number defines the detector optode. The numbers are usually progressive, e.g., 1-8 for sources and 1-7 for detectors.

[0027] In the method of the present invention, the following fNIRS channel setup was used: The center of the fNIRS channel 12 was placed on the standard position EEG channel FPz by the EEG10-20 system (Trambaiolli et al., "Predicting affective valence using cortical hemodynamic signals," Sci Rep 8, 5406 (2018)). Channel 12 is positioned between source S5 and detector D4, with S5 placed 1.5 cm from the position of EEG channel FPz on the midline of the head towards the nasal root, and D4 placed 1.5 cm from the position of EEG channel FPz on the midline of the head towards the occipital pole. All fNIRS optodes are placed at a standardized distance of 3 cm from each other and aligned on grid lines running parallel and perpendicular to the midline. Taking S5 and D4 as references, and considering a 3 cm shift for each optode in either the nasal root-occipital pole direction (where "anterior" means towards the nasal root and "posterior" means towards the occipital pole) or the Pre Auricolar line ("to the left" means towards the left Pre Auricolar line and "to the right" means towards the right Pre Auricolar line), S4 is posterior to D4, D5 to the right of S4, S7 to the right of D5, D7 anterior to S7, S8 anterior to D7, S6 to the left of D7, D6 to the left of S8, D2 to the left of S4, S3 to the left of D4, D3 anterior to S3, S1 to the left of D2, D1 anterior to S1, and S2 in front of D1. This setup is also shown in Figure 1.

[0028] The channel scheme is as follows: [Table 1]

[0029] Thus, there are nine channels per hemisphere (left or right) and two channels at the midline in the frontal and prefrontal cortex. Channels 1-8 and 11 are located in the left hemisphere, channels 9 and 12 are at the midline, and channels 10 and 13-20 are in the right hemisphere. Channels 9 and 12 are only considered for the whole-brain analysis.

[0030] Extensive research has found that certain areas of the brain, and in particular certain channels, can be used as indicators to assess the invigoration state of a human subject. More specifically, the increase or decrease of oxyHb, deoxyHb and / or total Hb (corresponding to the sum of oxyHb+deoxyHb) in the left or right hemisphere, the whole brain, or certain specific channels at a certain time point provides an indication as to whether the invigoration state of a human subject has increased, decreased, or remained approximately the same. Details will be described in relation to the method outlined below, but apply equally to the general method of assessing the invigoration state of a human subject.

[0031] The above findings are applied in the present invention to provide a method for evaluating the ability of a test fragrance ingredient or composition to ameliorate an invigoration condition in a human subject.

[0032] The method includes the following steps: a) measuring the basal invigoration state of one or more human test subject(s); b) providing the test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition to a human test subject(s) for smelling; c) measuring the resulting invigoration state of the human test subject(s); and d) determining the difference between the resulting invigoration state and the base invigoration state for the human test subject(s).

[0033] The base invigoration state and the resulting invigoration state are measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the left hemisphere, right hemisphere, and whole brain of a human test subject(s).

[0034] More specifically, applicants have identified certain specific channels, hemoglobin types and time points that are particularly indicative of an effect on the invigoration state of human subjects.

[0035] To measure the base invigoration state, the human test subject(s) may be provided with a fragrance-free sample, such as a cotton or cloth piece or a Solva Rod. Solva Rods are small plastic pots containing a polyester absorbent fiber insert encased in a polyethylene sleeve. Fragrance can be applied to the insert providing continuous refreshment of the fragrance over several evaluations and can be easily perceived when held close to the nose for sniffing.

[0036] Alternatively, it is also possible to measure a reference invigoration state, for example in the presence of a reference fragrance sample.

[0037] When more than one human test subject is involved, the results of the base invigoration state and the resulting invigoration state may be averaged before determining the difference. Alternatively, it is also possible to determine the difference for each human test subject separately.

[0038] If criterion A is met, then the test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition has been found to be capable of improving the invigoration state of a human subject.

[0039] Criterion A requires that at least four of the following ten conditions A1 to A10 be met: A1. Channel 14 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A2. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A3. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A4. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A5. Channel 5 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A6. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A7. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A8. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A9. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A10. Channel 18 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling.

[0040] As outlined above, TotalHb is the amount of total hemoglobin measured, OxyHb is the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin measured, and DeoxyHb is the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin measured.

[0041] The hemoglobin value for the left brain hemisphere corresponds to the mathematical average of the individual hemoglobin values ​​of channels 1-8 and 11, as defined above.

[0042] The hemoglobin value for the right brain hemisphere corresponds to the mathematical average of the individual hemoglobin values ​​of channels 10 and 13-20, as defined above.

[0043] The whole-brain hemoglobin value corresponds to the mathematical average of the individual hemoglobin values ​​of all channels 1-20, as defined above.

[0044] As outlined above, channels 1-8 and 11 are located in the left brain hemisphere, channels 9 and 12 are located on the midline, and channels 10 and 13-20 are located in the right brain hemisphere.

[0045] The effect on hemoglobin levels (total Hb, oxyHb, and deoxyHb) may vary over time. It has been found that more accurate results can be obtained by analyzing hemoglobin values ​​after several different time periods, for example, 0-5 seconds, 0-10 seconds, 5-10 seconds, 10-15 seconds, 15-20 seconds, 10-20 seconds, 20-25 seconds, 25-30 seconds, or 30 seconds. Interestingly, the 5 second blocks correspond approximately to the time of a complete respiratory cycle (inhale + exhale).

[0046] In general, shorter time intervals appear to be most relevant when it comes to defining brain signatures for invigorating fragrances and when considering the average activity of larger parts of the brain, which is opposite to what was found when evaluating happy fragrances, where longer time intervals (and even the analysis of the full 30 seconds of exposure to the fragrance) appeared to be crucial for defining the associated brain signature.

[0047] The left hemisphere also appears to be more involved than the left in processing invigorating fragrances.

[0048] At the single channel level, a specific brain signature of invigorating fragrances could again be defined in a shorter / earlier time window (included in the first 10 seconds of exposure to the fragrance), with a much higher impact of oxyHb and total Hb compared to deoxyHb (which in turn appears more relevant in defining the brain signature of relaxing fragrances), and a higher involvement of the right hemisphere, especially channel 17.

[0049] Statistical significance was tested using a two-tailed Student's t test, with a statistical significance threshold of 0.05.

[0050] Throughout this application, the terms "invigorating," "improving the invigoration state," "increasing the invigoration state," "enhancing the invigoration state," and "increasing invigoration" are used interchangeably. They are meant to describe that certain items, particularly fragrance ingredients or fragrance compositions or consumer products containing same, have a positive, invigorating mood enhancing effect on human subjects. In other words, they induce positive, invigorating moods and emotions, such as invigorating (i.e., they make people feel invigorated).

[0051] This emotional territory is typically defined by a circumplex model of affect in which emotions are classified in terms of their level of valence (i.e., pleasantness) and the level of arousal (i.e., degree of activation) involved (Posner J, Russell JA, Peterson BS. The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol. 2005;17(3):715-734. doi:10.1017 / S0954579405050340), with invigorating moods represented by feelings of alertness and excitement.

[0052] This emotional space further encompasses positively activated emotions such as focus, confidence, and motivation, and has been found to reflect those inner feelings of invigoration, as well as highly activated emotions such as adventurous, daring, and energetic.

[0053] Thus, the present application relates generally to enhancing highly activated moods, positive activated emotions, including, but not limited to, feelings of invigoration such as adventurous, daring, and energetic, as well as inner activated feelings of focus, empowerment, confidence, and motivation.

[0054] Throughout this application, the terms "fragrance" and "perfume" are used interchangeably.

[0055] Moreover, the terms "(fragrance) ingredient" and "(fragrance) material" are also used interchangeably. In the context of the present invention, the term "fragrance ingredient" refers to an ingredient whose function is to provide a noticeable and identifiable odor to a fragrance composition. Fragrance ingredients include highly performing ingredients intended to provide an intense olfactory impression, as well as less performing ingredients intended to provide a subtle olfactory impression.

[0056] The term "fragrance composition" refers to a mixture of two or more fragrance ingredients, which may optionally include one or more odorless or low-odor solvents and / or diluents, for example as vehicles for the fragrance materials.

[0057] Throughout this application, the terms "(human) test subject" and "participant" are used interchangeably.

[0058] Preferably, several human test subjects are involved in the method of the invention to obtain more representative and reliable results, for example more than 5, more than 10, more than 15, or even more. The results from several human test subjects may be averaged. Alternatively, they may also be summed.

[0059] Moreover, participants who indicate a dislike of a particular test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition may be excluded from the respective analysis.

[0060] The method of the present invention allows for a fast, simple and reliable evaluation of the ability of a test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition to improve the invigoration state of a human subject. The fragrance may be tested in a wide variety of settings, from non-exercise laboratory settings to in-context testing. Moreover, the method allows for the detection of subconscious effects, thereby avoiding the common problems of conscious methods (e.g., inquiries), which often provide limited and often inaccurate information due to, for example, incorrect responses, previous survey bias, and ambiguity.

[0061] To qualify as an Invigorating fragrance ingredient or fragrance composition, a test fragrance ingredient / composition must meet at least four of the ten conditions A1 to A10. Preferably, at least five, more preferably at least six, and most preferably at least seven of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are met.

[0062] More specifically, applicants have identified certain specific channels, hemoglobin types and time points that are particularly indicative of an effect on the invigoration state of human subjects.

[0063] Thus, in some embodiments, at least one further of further criterion B and further criterion C is met.

[0064] Criterion B requires that at least four, more preferably at least five, and most preferably all six of the following six conditions B1 to B6 be met: B1. Whole brain deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0–5 s of smelling; B2. Right hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B3. Whole brain total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0–5 s of smelling; B4. Left hemisphere total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0–5 s of smelling; B5. Left hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 5-10 seconds of smelling; B6. Left hemisphere oxyHb shows a statistically significant increase after 0-5 seconds of smelling.

[0065] Criterion C requires that at least 8, more preferably at least 9, and most preferably at least 10 of the following 20 conditions A1 to A10 and C1 to C10 be met: A1. Channel 14 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A2. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A3. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A4. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A5. Channel 5 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A6. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A7. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A8. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A9. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A10. Channel 18 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; C1. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C2. Channel 6 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C3. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C4. Channel 10 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; C5. Channel 11 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C6. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C7. Channel 8 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C8. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–10 s of smelling; C9. Channel 7 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0–10 s of smelling; C10. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling.

[0066] In certain embodiments, criterion B and criterion C are met.

[0067] Depending on how many of conditions A1 to A10 are met, a greater number of conditions B1 to B6 may be preferred.

[0068] Thus, in certain embodiments, further criterion D is met.

[0069] Criterion D requires: - if 0 or 1 of the 6 conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least 7, more preferably at least 8, most preferably at least 9 of the 10 conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; - if two or three of the six conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least five, more preferably at least six, and most preferably at least seven of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; and - if 4, 5 or 6 of the 6 conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least 4, more preferably at least 5, most preferably at least 6 of the 10 conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled.

[0070] Based on the methods of evaluation described above, it was possible to develop guidelines for creating fragrance compositions that have the effect of improving invigoration in human subjects.

[0071] Thus, the present invention also provides a method of making a fragrance composition having the effect of improving invigoration in a human subject, the method comprising: (i) creating a test fragrance composition; (ii) evaluating the ability of the test fragrance composition to improve an invigorating condition in a human subject by the methods described above; and (iii) adjusting the test fragrance composition by adding and / or removing at least one fragrance component and / or increasing and / or decreasing the concentration of at least one fragrance component, as necessary, until the fragrance composition is found to improve the invigoration state of the human subject. Includes.

[0072] Thus, a test fragrance composition is first evaluated to determine whether it provides an invigorating effect, and then, if necessary, the composition is adjusted to create an improved fragrance composition.

[0073] Steps (ii) and (iii) may be repeated as necessary and / or desired.

[0074] Increasing the levels of IMPU and / or HMI fragrance ingredients increases the likelihood that the fragrance composition will have suitable characteristics to deliver the invigoration benefit. Other ingredients (e.g. RMP fragrance ingredients) reduce the likelihood that the benefit will be achieved if their levels in the fragrance composition are increased.

[0075] Thus, in one embodiment, at least one IMPU fragrance material is added to the (test) fragrance composition in step (iii).

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, at least one HMI fragrance material is added to the (test) fragrance composition in step (iii).

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, at least one RMP fragrance material may be removed from the (test) fragrance composition in step (iii).

[0078] Alternatively or additionally, the concentration of at least one IMPU fragrance material may be increased in step (iii).

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, the concentration of at least one HMI fragrance material may be increased in step (iii).

[0080] Alternatively or additionally, the concentration of at least one RMP fragrance material may be reduced in step (iii).

[0081] The following fragrance materials have been found to have an invigorating effect and are therefore IMPU fragrance ingredients: aromatic-eucalyptus ingredients, aromatic-mint ingredients, aromatic-rosemary ingredients, citrus-lime ingredients, spicy-pepper ingredients, citrus-floral / lemon ingredients, lavandin oil, patchouli oil, clary sage oil, orange flower oil, guaiac wood oil, oak moss oil, litsea cubeba oil, citral, benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (benzyl salicylate), 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-2-phenylindole)-2-yl benzoate, ... (ethylethyl)phenyl)propanal (cyclamen aldehyde), 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal (floralozone), prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate (allylamyl glycolate), prop-2-enyl 2-cyclohexyloxyacetate (cyclogalbanate), 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (rose oxide), 1-[(2Z,5Z,9Z)-2,6,10-trimethylcyclododeca-2,5,9-trien-1-yl]ethanone (trimofix O or cyclisone), Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (Evernyl or Everniate), 2,6-Dimethylheptan-2-ol (dimetol), 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate (linalyl acetate) Fir Balsam Oil, Pine Needle Base, and mixtures thereof.

[0082] The following fragrance materials have been found to have a happy-invigorating effect and are therefore HMI fragrance ingredients: citrus-orange ingredients, citrus-mandarin ingredients, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core), (3aR,5aS,9aS,9bR)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran (ambrofix or ambroxan), 1,5,5,9-tetramethyl-13-oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0.(4.9))tridecane (cetalox or fixambrene), 2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol (cetalox or fixambrene), 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core ... (dihydromyrcenol), 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanal (helional or tropional), (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)acetate (agrumex), 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-1-one (damascone alpha), 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (cyclal C or tricyclal or ligustral), 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), and mixtures thereof.

[0083] The following fragrance materials have been found to have a relaxing effect and are therefore RMP fragrance ingredients: 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol (terpineol), hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (hexyl salicylate), jasmine oil, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal (hydroxycitronellal), 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol (Mefrosol), 2-(phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (phenoxyethyl isobutyrate), (12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-ene- 2-one (Habanolide), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (aubepin paracresol, anisic aldehyde), benzoin resinoids, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ethyl vanillin), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 2-ethyl-4(2',2',3'-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)but-enol (Bangalol or Radjanol), mixture of 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-ylbutanoate and (phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Prunella), and mixtures thereof.

[0084] When self-evident names are used to describe the perfume ingredients useful herein, the skilled perfumer will understand that these are the names commonly used in the art of perfumery.However, the skilled perfumer will also understand that these ingredients can be known by other self-evident synonyms, CAS registry numbers, or by more formal nomenclature, such as IUPAC nomenclature.Moreover, the skilled perfumer will be familiar with these other self-evident synonyms, as well as more formal nomenclature, or at least familiar with standard reference works, such as The Good Scents Company's website, which contains a comprehensive list of the self-evident names, registry numbers, and more formal nomenclature of the perfume ingredients contained in the perfumer's palette.

[0085] Perfume compositions and individual perfume ingredients may be characterized by their odor attributes. Perfume creation is part science and part art, and there are no absolute prescribed definitions for the odor attributes of perfume compositions and perfume ingredients, but a trained perfumer, recognizing that there is nevertheless some margin for subjectivity, will be able to assign perfume compositions and ingredients to general odor descriptors and odor families.

[0086] Odor families provide a general description of the odour space and are usually limited in number. Hence, the majority of ingredients used in perfumery and that are particularly useful in the context of the present invention may be described by a small set of odour families selected from the group consisting of "aldehydic", "ambery", "animalic", "aromatic / herbal", "citrus", "earthy", "floral", "fruity", "green", "musky", "roasted", "spicy", "sweet", "watery" and "woody".

[0087] Odor descriptors provide a more accurate description of the odor of a perfume composition or ingredient within a family. They are more abundant and their number and variety are often limitless. Examples of odor descriptors include, but are not limited to, "aldehyde zest", "almond", "amber dry", "ambergris", "anistalagon", "apple", "almoise", "balsam", "banana", "blackcurrant", "butter", "candied fruit", "caraway seed", "cedar", "cinnamon", "citronella", "clove", "cocoa", "coconut", "coniferas", "cooked sugar", "copaiba", "coriander leaf", "cucumber", "eucalyptus", "fecal", "floral-lemon", "freesia", "galbanum", "grapefruit", "grass", "heliotrope", "jasmine", "lavender", "leaf", "leather", "lemon", "lime", "lemon ... Coris - Fenugreek, Lily of the Valley, Lime, Liquor, Litchi, Mandarin, Mango, Medicinal, Melon, Metallic, Milk Cream, Mint, Molasses, Moss, Mushroom, Musk, Musk Tonquin, Nuts, Orange, Orange Flower, Orris, Passion Fruit, Patchouli, Peach, Pear, Pepper, Pineapple, Raspberry, Rhubarb, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Seawater, Solar, Strawberry, Terpenic, Thyme, Tonka, Vanilla, Vetiver, Violet, and Wax.

[0088] This selection of odor families and odor descriptors allows the trained perfumer to characterize the odors of all the perfume ingredients contained in his or her palette.Nevertheless, for the trained perfumer, taking together the contents of this description and reading it together with their common general knowledge, it will not present an undue burden to modify any or all of this vocabulary around which there is subjectivity, and such modifications will not impact the selection of perfume ingredients useful for positively impacting the perception of well-being.

[0089] Specific examples of each of an aromatic-eucalyptus component, an aromatic-mint component, an aromatic-rosemary component, a citrus-lime component, a spicy-pepper component, a citrus-floral / lemon component, a citrus-orange component, and a citrus-mandarin component are provided below.

[0090] Throughout this application, the term "oil" is meant to cover entirely natural essential oils and extracts, as well as oils derived from natural essential oils and extracts, and modified essential oils and extracts that may contain additional ingredients, regardless of the method of extraction. The term "oil" is also meant to further cover any reconstitution or mixture of ingredients that provides a similar odor impression to the corresponding essential oil.

[0091] As used throughout this application, the term "terpineol" refers to a single isomer of terpineol (eg, alpha-terpineol), as well as mixtures of two or more isomers of terpineol.

[0092] The present invention further provides a fragrance composition for improving an invigorating state in a human subject.

[0093] The fragrance composition comprises at least 75%, preferably at least 85%, of fragrance ingredients selected from the following group: a) at least three IMPU fragrance ingredients; b) at least about 10% by weight in total of IMPU fragrance ingredients; c) optionally, in the aggregate, up to about 90% by weight of HMR, HMI, HMP, RMP and / or GEN fragrance ingredients, provided that the following conditions are met: (c1) IMPU≧HMP+HMR (c2) IMPU+HMI+GEN ≥ 65%; (c3) (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.7 (c4) IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.5 (c5) IMPU / (HMP+RMP+IMPU)+(100-total)≧0.3.

[0094] In the above formulation guidelines, all percentages are based on the total weight of the fragrance ingredients that make up the fragrance composition, which means that solvents, diluents and other odorless vehicles are not taken into account in the calculations.

[0095] IMPU refers to the sum of the percentages of IMPU fragrance ingredients; HMP refers to the sum of the percentages of HMP fragrance ingredients; HMR refers to the sum of the percentages of HMR fragrance ingredients; HMI refers to the sum of the percentages of HMI fragrance ingredients; RMP refers to the sum of the percentages of RMP fragrance ingredients; GEN refers to the sum of the percentages of GEN fragrance ingredients; and Total refers to the sum of HMP, HMR, HMI, IMPU, RMP, and GEN; provided that low-scented or odorless solvents, diluents and other vehicles are excluded from the calculation of these totals.

[0096] The symbol ≧ indicates at least equal to.

[0097] The present invention is based on extensive testing of fragrance materials, both through consumer testing and through the measurement of brain activity using fNIRS. A statistical analysis of the resulting data made it possible to classify the fragrance materials into different categories: - IMPU contains ingredients that strongly support an invigorating mood; - HMP contains ingredients or bases that are strongly associated with happy moods; - HMR contains ingredients that may support both happy and relaxed moods; - HMI contains ingredients that may support both happy and invigorating moods; - RMP contains ingredients that strongly support a relaxed mood and / or have a negative impact on happy and invigorating moods; and - GEN contains ingredients that may support a variety of moods.

[0098] It must be emphasized that these designations relate to the ingredients as they are used by those skilled in the art (eg, perfumers) within the constraints of the dosages and patterns disclosed herein.

[0099] IMPU fragrance ingredients include: Aromatic Eucalyptus, Aromatic Mint, Aromatic Rosemary, Citrus Lime, Spicy Pepper, Citrus Floral / Lemon, Lavandin Oil, Patchouli Oil, Clary Sage Oil, Orange Flower Oil, Guaiac Wood Oil, Oakmoss Oil, Litsea Cubeba Oil, Citral, Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate (Benzyl Salicylate), 2-Methyl-3-(4-(1-Methylethyl)phenyl)propanal (Cyclamella) aldehyde), 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal (floralozone), prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate (allylamyl glycolate), prop-2-enyl 2-cyclohexyloxyacetate (cyclogalbanate), 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (rose oxide), 1-[(2Z,5Z,9Z)-2,6,10-trimethylcyclododeca-2,5,9-trien-1-yl]ethanone (trimofix O or cyclisone), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (Evernyl or Everniate), 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol (dimetol), 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate (linalyl acetate), fir balsam oil, pine needle base, and mixtures thereof.

[0100] Aromatic-eucalyptus ingredients include, by way of example and without limitation, eucalyptus oil and 1-8 cineole (eucalyptol).

[0101] Aromatic mint components include, by way of example and without limitation, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (L- and DL-menthol), [(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl]acetate (menthyl acetate), 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one (freskomenthe), 5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol (isopulegol), D / L- and L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (D / L- and L-menthone), and L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (L- and racemic isomenthone).

[0102] Aromatic rosemary components include, but are not limited to, rosemary oil, (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (borneol), (1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-ol (iso-borneol), 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor), 8,8-dimethyl-9-propanediol, and the like. These include 2-yl-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (opalal), 2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (linalool oxide), trans-methyl 1,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate (cyprisate), 2-ethenyl-2,6,6-trimethyloxane (limetol), and 2-butyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane (helboxane).

[0103] Citrus-lime components include, by way of example and without limitation, lime oil, lime terpenes, lime oxide, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (dipentene), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (terpinolene), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (ocimene), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene (citrathal), elemi oil, (4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene (para-cymene), and 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (delta-3-carene).

[0104] Spicy-pepper ingredients include, by way of example and without limitation, ginger oil, nutmeg oil, olibanum oil, cardamom oil, copaiba balsam oil, curcuma oil, pepper oil, and (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (caryophyllene).

[0105] Citrus-floral / lemon ingredients include, by way of example and without limitation, bergamot oil, coriander oil, and coriander seed oil.

[0106] Pine needle base is a reconstitution of pine needles, i.e. a mixture of fragrance ingredients that resembles the scent of pine needles.

[0107] HMP fragrance ingredients are: Fruity-candied fruit ingredients (excluding damascone alpha), Fruity-strawberry ingredients, Fruity-raspberry ingredients, Fruity-pineapple ingredients, Grapefruit oil, 6,6-dimethoxy-2,5,5-trimethylhex-2-ene (Methyl pamplemousse), Hexenyl-3-salicylate, Ylang-ylang oil, Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (Ethyl acetoacetate), 5-Hexyloxolan-2-one (Gamma decalactone), 5-Octyloxolan-2-one (Dodeca latone gamma), 2,2,5-Trimethylenediaminetetraacetate, ... ethyl-5-pentylcyclopentan-1-one (veloutone), hexyl acetate, blackcurrant base, 1-phenylethyl acetate (styraryl acetate), (E)-4-methyldec-3-en-5-ol (undecavertol), 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one (ethyl maltol), 8-methyl-1,5-benzodioxepin-3-one (calone), 1-[(1R,2R,5S,7R)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-9-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec-8-enyl]ethanone (methyl cedryl ketone or vertofix coeur), and mixtures thereof.

[0108] Fruity-candied fruit ingredients (excluding damascone alpha) include, but are not limited to, (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one (damascenone), dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate, (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascon beta), (E)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascon gamma), (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascone beta), (E)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascone ... beta), (E)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascone beta), (E)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-2-en-1-one (damascone beta), (E)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-2-en Scondelta), Tagetes oil, ethyl 2-ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate (givescone), ethyl 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (ethyl saffronate), ethyl 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (cristalon), (2E,5Z)-5,6,7-trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one (pomerose), (3α,4β,7β,7α)-octahydro-4,7-methano-3aH-indene-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (fruitate).

[0109] Fruity-strawberry components include, by way of example and without limitation, benzyl cinnamate, ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate (Strawberry Pure), ethyl butanoate (ethyl butyrate), ethyl 2-methylpropionate (ethyl isobutyrate), ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate (esterly), ethyl cinnamate, methyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate, ethyl phenyl glycidate, phenylethyl butyrate, benzyl butyrate, ethyl isovalerate, phenylethyl isovalerate, and 2-octen-4-one.

[0110] Fruity-raspberry ingredients include, by way of example and without limitation, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone), methoxyphenylbutanone, and ethyl 6-acetyloxyhexanoate (berryflor).

[0111] Fruity-pineapple components include, by way of example and without limitation, prop-2-enyl 3-cyclohexyl-propanoate (allyl cyclohexylpropionate), prop-2-enyl heptanoate (allyl oenanthate), ethyl octanoate (ethyl oenanthate), 3-methylbutyl octanoate (isoamylcaproate), methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, pentyl hexanoate (amylcaproate), phenylethyl isobutyrate, allyl propionate, and methyl octanoate.

[0112] A blackcurrant base is a reconstitution of blackcurrant, i.e. a mixture of fragrance ingredients that resembles the scent of blackcurrant.

[0113] The HMR fragrance ingredients are lemon oil, (E)-3,7-dimethylnona-1,6-dien-3-ol (ethyl linalool), benzyl acetate, 3-methyl-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (Jasmones cis), 2-(2'-methylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydropyran (Florosa), (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)hepta-1,6-dien-3-one (cetone V), N-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one (Isoraldeine), 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol (Citronellol), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol (Geraniol), Geranium oil, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde (Lyral, Cyclohexal), 5-heptyldihydrofuran- 2(3H)-one (Peach Pure, Undecalactone Gamma), 1,4-Dioxacycloheptadecane-5,17-dione (Ethylene Brassillate), a mixture of cyclohexadecanolide and cyclopentadecanone (Silvanone), (5E)-3-Methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one (Muscenone), (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (Isoeugenol), and mixtures thereof.

[0114] The HMI fragrance ingredients are citrus-orange components, citrus-mandarin components, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core), (3aR,5aS,9aS,9bR)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzo-furan (ambrofix or ambroxan), 5,5,9-tetramethyl-13-oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0.(4.9))tridecane (cetalox or fixambrene), 2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol, and 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core). (dihydromyrcenol), 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-propanal (helional or tropional), (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)acetate (agrumex), 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-1-one (damascone alpha), 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (cyclal C or tricyclal or ligustral), 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), and mixtures thereof.

[0115] Citrus-orange components include, by way of example and without limitation, orange oil, orange terpenes, and orange aldehydes.

[0116] Citrus-mandarin components include, by way of example and without limitation, mandarin oil, tangerine oil, (E)-6,10-dimethylundec-5,9-dien-2-yl acetate (tangerinol), methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate (dimethylanthranilate), and octanol-3.

[0117] The RMP fragrance ingredients are 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol (Terpineol), Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (Hexyl Salicylate), Jasmine Oil, 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal (Hydroxycitronellal), 3-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol (Mefrosol), 2-(Phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Phenoxyethyl Isobutyrate), (12E)-1-Oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one (Habanolide), 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid, Benzyl Salicylate, and Benzyl Alcohol. benzaldehyde (obepin paracresol, anisic aldehyde), benzoin resinoids, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ethyl vanillin), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 2-ethyl-4(2',2',3'-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)buta-enol (Bangalol or Radjanol), a mixture of 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-ylbutanoate and (phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Prunella), and mixtures thereof.

[0118] GEN fragrance ingredients are 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol (linalool), methyl 3-oxo-2-pentyl cyclopentane acetate (methyl dihydro-jasmonate, cepionate, hedione), hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, 3-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl-2-methylpropanal (lilial), (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one (ionone beta), 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (sylvamber or iso-E) super or isogamma super), 1,15-pentadecanolide (Thibetolide), (isocampyl-5)cyclohexanol (sandela), (3R,3aS,6R,7R,8aS)-octahydro-6-methoxy-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methanoazulene (cedryl methyl ether), and mixtures thereof.

[0119] The fragrance composition of the invention may further comprise up to 25% of other fragrance ingredients, which, as pointed out above, are not specified herein as being members of any of the above groups, with the exception of odorless or low-odor solvents or diluents. They may be single ingredients or mixtures, both synthetic and natural (e.g. essential oils), and are well described, for example, in "Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials" by Bauer, Garbe and Surburg, VCH Publ., 2nd Edition (1990), and "Perfume and Flavour Materials" by Steffen Arctander, published by this author in 2 volumes (1969), also in "Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin" by Arctander (1960), and "Perfume & Flavor Chemicals" by S. Arctander (Allured Publishing, 1994), and later editions of this work, the perfume ingredients contained therein being incorporated herein by reference.

[0120] The perfume composition of the present invention may further contain a substantially odorless component. In the context of the present invention, "substantially odorless" means that the component does not have an odor or that its odor is weak and often barely perceptible. These substantially odorless components include excipients that are conventionally used in perfume compositions together with perfume components, such as carrier materials, and other adjuvants commonly used in the art, such as solvents, such as dipropylene glycol (DPG), isopropyl myristate (IPM), benzyl benzoate (BB), propylene glycol (PG) and triethyl citrate (TEC), mineral oils and vegetable oils, and antioxidants. Therefore, these substantially odorless components are not considered to be perfume components in the context of the present invention. In particular, when calculating the weight percentage, the solvent is not taken into account.

[0121] The perfume compositions of the present invention may be presented in the form of free oils, or they may be encapsulated.Several encapsulation media for encapsulating perfume compositions are known in the art.Specific encapsulation media include microcapsules formed from melamine-formaldehyde resins, polyureas, polyamides, and aminoplast resins such as copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and their esters.Alternatively, encapsulation media may be formed from natural or modified natural polymers such as polysaccharides or proteins.

[0122] The above definition of the fragrance composition of the present invention provides sufficient formulation latitude to allow for the consideration of the hedonic properties of the composition. The invention can thus make it possible to formulate fragrance compositions that invigorate people and also have good hedonic properties.

[0123] The present invention describes how to reliably formulate fragrance compositions that may induce or be associated with positive, energizing moods and emotions. The effects are sufficiently pronounced that they can be reliably and reproducibly measured. The fragrance compositions made by the teachings disclosed herein can be hedonic, suitable for a wide range of consumer products, and of sufficient pleasantness / acceptance that they would be appropriate even if they did not possess added functionality. In addition, the fragrance compositions of the invention can be resilient to variations in target consumer groups (e.g., British vs. Brazilian) and have been found, for example, to be consistently perceived as invigorating, alerting, energizing, etc., by UK, French, and Brazilian consumers.

[0124] The fragrance composition according to the invention comprises: a) promoting positive, activated mood states such as invigorating, exciting, focused, motivated, empowered, confident, adventurous, alert, bold, and energetic; test subjects reported that after smelling or using a consumer product incorporating the fragrance composition, they felt invigorated and that the product itself conveyed a more invigorating scent; b) does not promote negative mood states, such as depressed, stressful, irritable, or boring mood states; was found.

[0125] Increasing the levels of "invigorating" ingredients, especially those in the IMPU group, increases the likelihood that a fragrance composition will have suitable characteristics to enhance a state of invigoration. Other ingredients, especially those that contribute highly to a relaxed (RMP) mood, reduce the likelihood that this benefit will be achieved.

[0126] In certain embodiments, the fragrance composition comprises a total of at least about 15% by weight, more preferably at least about 20% by weight, of IMPU fragrance ingredients.

[0127] In some embodiments, the fragrance composition comprises at least 4 IMPU fragrance ingredients, more preferably at least 5 IMPU fragrance ingredients. By increasing the number of fragrance ingredients, the hedonicity of the fragrance composition is improved.

[0128] In some embodiments, the fragrance composition comprises at least one IMPU and / or HMI fragrance ingredient selected from one or more of the following groups: - one or more aromatic-eucalyptus components selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus oil, 1-8 cineole (eucalyptol), and mixtures thereof; one or more aromatic mint components selected from the group consisting of peppermint oil, spearmint oil, L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (L- and DL-menthol), [(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl]acetate (menthyl acetate), 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one (freskomenthe), 5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol (isopulegol), D / L- and L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (D / L- and L-menthone), L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (L- and racemic isomenthone), and mixtures thereof; - Rosemary oil, (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (borneol), (1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-ol (iso-borneol), 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor), 8,8-dimethyl-9-propan-2-yl-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (opalal), 2 one or more aromatic rosemary components selected from the group consisting of (5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (linalool oxide), trans-methyl 1,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate (cyprisate), 2-ethenyl-2,6,6-trimethyloxane (limetol), 2-butyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane (helboxane), and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-lime ingredients selected from the group consisting of lime oil, lime terpenes, lime oxide, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (dipentene), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (terpinolene), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (ocimene), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene (citrathal), elemi oil, (4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene (para-cymene), 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (delta-3-carene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more spicy-pepper ingredients selected from the group consisting of ginger oil, nutmeg oil, olibanum oil, cardamom oil, copaiba balsam oil, curcuma oil, pepper oil, (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (caryophyllene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-floral / lemon ingredients selected from the group consisting of bergamot oil, coriander oil, coriander seed oil, and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-orange components selected from the group consisting of orange oil, orange terpenes, orange aldehydes, and mixtures thereof; and / or - one or more citrus-mandarin ingredients selected from the group consisting of mandarin oil, tangerin oil, (E)-6,10-dimethylundec-5,9-dien-2-yl acetate (tangerinol), methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate (dimethylanthranilate), octanol-3, and mixtures thereof.

[0129] The above groups of invigorating fragrance ingredients may be combined as desired.

[0130] In one embodiment, the amounts of the components are selected such that IMPU+HMI+GEN≧70%, more preferably IMPU+HMI+GEN≧75%, and most preferably IMPU+HMI+GEN≧80%.

[0131] In one embodiment, the amounts of the components are selected such that (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.72, more preferably (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.75, and most preferably (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.8.

[0132] In one embodiment, the amounts of the components are selected such that IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.52, more preferably IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.55, and most preferably IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.6.

[0133] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of delivering a positive activated mood benefit, in particular invigoration, to a human subject comprising delivering a fragrance composition to said human subject. By way of example, the fragrance may be delivered in a consumer product.

[0134] Thus, the present invention also provides consumer products comprising the fragrance compositions of the invention.

[0135] The perfume compositions of the present invention may be used to impart a desired odor impression to all types of consumer products, such as, by way of example, hydro-alcoholic perfumes, deodorants, antiperspirants, skin care products, hair care products, laundry care products, home care products or air fresheners.

[0136] More particularly, the perfume compositions of the present invention may be employed in laundry care applications, personal care products for treating the hair and / or skin of human subjects, oral care products, and air care products.

[0137] Consumer products contain blended mixtures of various functional ingredients such as surfactants, emulsifiers, polymers, fillers and solvents. These blended mixtures are usually referred to as "bases."

[0138] Particular consumer products include, but are not limited to, consumer products intended for application to the body (i.e., skin or hair), hard surfaces (e.g., kitchen and bathroom worktops, ceramic surfaces), fabrics, and air care benefits (e.g., air-fresheners). Such products can take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, powders, bars, sticks, tablets, creams, mousses, gels, liquids, sprays, and sheets. The percentage of perfume composition contained in such products may range from 0.05% by weight (e.g., in a low-scented skin cream) to 100% by weight (e.g., in an air freshener), based on the total weight of the consumer product. Means of incorporating perfume compositions into consumer products are known. Existing techniques may be used to directly incorporate the perfume composition into the product, or the perfume composition may be absorbed into a carrier material and then incorporated into the product.

[0139] In one embodiment of the present invention, the consumer product is a laundry care product.Laundry care products include powder and liquid detergents and fabric softeners, stain removers and pre-wash treatments, conditioners and softeners (including standard and concentrated conditioners, softeners and dryer sheets), laundry aids (including stain removers, ironing aids, whiteners and color care products and other auxiliary fabric care products), laundry detergents (including machine wash liquid detergents, other machine wash detergents including powders, capsules and tablets, and hand wash detergents, powders, flakes and cakes / bars), sheet sprays, clothing sprays, laundry perfumes, dryer sachets, scented sachets, dryer sheets, laundry soaps, laundry detergents, detergents for delicate fabrics, ironing sprays, starches, perfume sheets, pillow mists, drawer liner sheets, cedar closet sprays, linen water, and refills and combinations thereof.

[0140] In some embodiments of the invention, the consumer product is a personal care product.Personal care products include soaps, shower gels, body creams, body lotions, body mists, fragrances, cosmetics, floating bath oils, aftershaves, creams, lotions, deodorants (including stick deodorants), pre-electric shave lotions, after-shave lotions, antiperspirants, shampoos, conditioners, rinses, skin care products, eye make-up, body shampoos, protective skin formulations, lipsticks, lip glosses, after-bath splashes, pre-sun and sun products (including sunscreens).Virtually any chemical product that comes into contact with hair or skin and may contain an effective amount, concentration or proportion of one or more of the perfume compositions of the present invention may be considered as a personal care product according to the present invention.

[0141] In some embodiments of the present invention, the consumer product is an air care product. Air care products include candles and air freshener devices, such as liquid electrical air freshener devices, aerosol sprays, pump action sprays, scented candles, membrane permeation devices, liquid wick devices, oil-based gel perfumes, and water-based gels.

[0142] In one embodiment of the present invention, the consumer product is a home care product.Home care products can be used to clean, rinse, care or treat industrial, household or communal hard surfaces and textile surfaces; they are targeted to impart benefits such as water repellency, dirt removal, stain resistance, anti-fog, surface repair, wrinkle resistance, gloss, lubricity, etc. to the surfaces treated with them, and / or improve the residual, impact and / or effectiveness of the active materials contained in the home care product.Therefore, the home care compositions according to the invention include surface cleaning compositions (e.g., glass, floor, counter, bath, toilet, sink, electrical appliance and furniture cleaning compositions), disinfectants (e.g., spray and solid air disinfectants, including gels, and spray, solid, liquid and paste surface disinfectants), waxes and other surface protection and / or polishing compositions, and rug shampoos.

[0143] Also included within the scope of the invention is a method of delivering a positive activated mood benefit or invigoration benefit to a subject, particularly a human, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a fragrance composition according to the invention. The composition should be administered in an amount appropriate to produce the benefit (i.e., an amount above a threshold) without causing irritation (i.e., a non-irritant amount). The appropriate effective amount of any given composition can be readily determined, for example, by experiment. To be effective, the composition should be administered as inhaled by the subject.

[0144] Thus, the present invention also provides a method of ameliorating an invigorating state in a human subject, comprising the step of providing to the human subject an effective amount of an inventive fragrance composition.

[0145] In the context of the research resulting in the present invention, several fragrance ingredients have been identified that are capable of improving the invigoration state in human subjects.

[0146] The present invention therefore also relates to the use of a fragrance ingredient for improving an invigoration state in a human subject, the fragrance ingredient being selected from the group consisting of: - one or more aromatic-eucalyptus components selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus oil, 1-8 cineole (eucalyptol), and mixtures thereof; one or more aromatic mint components selected from the group consisting of peppermint oil, L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (L- and DL-menthol), [(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl]acetate (menthyl acetate), 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one (freskomenthe), 5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol (isopulegol), D / L- and L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (D / L- and L-menthone), L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (L- and racemic isomenthone), and mixtures thereof; - (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (borneol), (1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-ol (iso-borneol), 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor), 8,8-dimethyl-9-propan-2-yl-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (opalal), 2-(5-methyl one or more aromatic rosemary components selected from the group consisting of ethyl-5-vinyltetra-hydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (linalool oxide), trans-methyl 1,4-dimethyl-cyclohexane-carboxylate (cyprisate), 2-ethenyl-2,6,6-trimethyloxane (limetol), 2-butyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane (helboxane), and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-lime ingredients selected from the group consisting of lime oil, lime terpenes, lime oxide, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (dipentene), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (terpinolene), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (ocimene), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene (citrathal), elemi oil, (4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene (para-cymene), 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (delta-3-carene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more spicy-pepper ingredients selected from the group consisting of cardamom oil, copaiba balsam oil, curcuma oil, pepper oil, (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (caryophyllene), and mixtures thereof; one or more citrus-orange components selected from the group consisting of orange aldehyde, and mixtures thereof; and / or - one or more citrus-mandarin ingredients selected from the group consisting of tangerine oil, (E)-6,10-dimethylundec-5,9-dien-2-yl acetate (tangerinol), methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate (dimethylanthranilate), octanol-3, and mixtures thereof.

[0147] The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

[0148] Example 1: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Testing task The experimental protocol was divided into two parts: In the first part, participants smelled a series of 15 (three consecutive repetitions of five different odor conditions) fragrance samples presented on the Solva rod while their brain activity was monitored through an fNIRS cap placed on their forehead. The fNIRS channels were arranged as shown in Figure 1.

[0149] In the second part, they used a questionnaire to rate each fragrance on the dimensions of pleasantness, invigorating power, relaxing power, happy power, and odor intensity. Their brain activity was not monitored during this second part.

[0150] The samples were typically prepared as follows: in each Solva rod, 0.8g of neat fragrance oil was placed on the polyester insert by pipette. Previous testing demonstrated that a range of neat oil between 0.75g and 0.85g would not significantly alter the perception of fragrance in terms of characteristics and intensity, and therefore the range is acceptable for any brain imaging test without affecting the results. Once the oil was dropped, a plastic cap was immediately placed on the Solva rod to prevent the diffusion of fragrance in the environment. The Solva rod was then kept in an upright (vertical) position for at least 24 hours before being used for testing. After the Solva rod was left to rest for 24 hours, the complete insert was immersed in oil, ensuring that the fragrance oil would maintain the same olfactory characteristics (characteristics and intensity) for at least 4 weeks and up to 8 weeks, depending on the oil, if properly stored (i.e., without exposing the Solva rod to direct sunlight or extremely high temperatures above 35°C). In this time frame, the Solva Rods can be used in brain imaging studies without significantly altering the results. In the studies described in the current document, the samples were used within two weeks of the date they were made. The samples were usually stored in a 4°C refrigerator from the time they were made until the morning of the study. Experimenters ensured that the Solva Rods were removed from the refrigerator at least two hours before the study to ensure that they reached room temperature before being used. Removing them from the refrigerator the evening before the study and leaving them at room temperature overnight also does not have any significant effect on the study results, as previous trials have demonstrated.

[0151] In the first part, participants were asked to keep their eyes closed and sniff the proposed number of Solva rods. They were not asked to complete any other tasks to eliminate any possible sources of confounding in the data not related to odor perception. In each trial, one of the samples contained the fragranced benchmark and another one did not contain any fragrance (control sample). The other two or three samples contained the test fragrance. Thanks to the three repetitions, it was possible to ensure that the overall results were not influenced by the number of fragrances tested in one trial, i.e., the testing of four or five different conditions in a single trial was equivalent across the board and the studies were fully comparable.

[0152] The presentation order of the Solva rods was semi-randomized: within each block the order of the fragrances was completely randomized, however participants had to complete sniffing all samples in a block before moving to the next one, and the first sample in each block was always different from the last one in order to avoid sniffing the same fragrance twice in two consecutive evaluations.

[0153] After participants had sniffed all the Solva rods, they removed the fNIRS cap from their heads and completed the questionnaire at a self-timed pace. This meant that they could sniff each sample as many times as they wanted and take all the time they needed to answer each question. For this reason, in the following sections, a specific timeline for the second part of the experimental procedure will not be reported.

[0154] Timeline All participants completed three blocks of five samples each. The three blocks were consecutive, and participants were not aware that a sequence of four or five samples was repeated three times, since they were only told that the trial involved sniffing 15 samples. For each sample, participants were asked to pick up the Solva rod, close their eyes, sniff the Solva rod for 30 seconds, and then rest with their eyes open for 30 seconds after returning the Solva rod to the experimenter. A longer interval was taken between two consecutive samples if the participant explicitly asked for it or if the fNIRS signal was not at the baseline level (a necessary condition to start on a new trial). The latter case would occur in case of a violent movement from the participant, such as a sneeze; however, the recovery time was on the order of a few seconds.

[0155] participants For each study, at least 15 healthy adults participated in the experiment. No specific inclusion criteria (i.e., handedness, age, etc.) were applied in the selection of participants, as no relevant exclusion criteria were identified prior to the study.

[0156] statistical analysis Statistical significance was tested using a two-tailed Student's t test, with a statistical significance threshold of 0.05.

[0157] Example 2: Mood Portraits® Test task Mood Portraits® is a self-report, non-verbal method that uses photographs to measure consumers' mood and emotional responses to fragrances and flavors. This method allows participants to express what they feel in response to smelling a fragrance by selecting a picture that matches their feeling, rather than verbalizing and rating their thoughts and emotions.

[0158] The experimental protocol was divided into two parts. In the first one, participants sniffed a series of eight Solva rods and, while sniffing each one, selected some pictures to be chosen from a set of 30 pictures to describe the fragrance. The 30 pictures, printed in color on laminated sheets of A4, were arranged on a display board. The number of pictures to be chosen by each participant to describe the fragrance was not pre-determined: each participant could choose as many as they wanted to describe each fragrance. The minimum number of pictures they had to choose was one. In the second part of the study, they used a questionnaire to rate each fragrance on the dimensions of pleasantness, invigorating power, relaxing power, happy power, familiarity, and odor intensity.

[0159] The presentation order of the Solva rods was fully randomized, and the pictures were arranged on four different boards to create a randomized layout. For each series of eight fragrances, 80 healthy adults were asked to participate.

[0160] Timeline All participants smelled and rated the eight fragrances during a single session. There was no time limit for participants to smell the fragrances, nor was there a time limit for participants to select the picture associated with each fragrance. This allowed participants to provide a more authentic response without any associated time pressure.

[0161] Participants were allowed leisurely breaks to prevent fatigue or carry-over effects, and moved on to the next fragrance only when they considered it ready.

[0162] participants For each study involving the eight fragrances, 80 healthy adults were asked to participate in the study. Participants were screened for olfactory disorders, respiratory conditions or other personal conditions that may alter the sense of smell (e.g. pregnancy or consumption of tobacco-based products such as cigarettes). No other inclusion criteria (i.e. handedness, age, sex, etc.) were applied in the selection of participants, as no relevant exclusion criteria were identified prior to the study.

[0163] Example 3: Compositions Tested Compositions A to M were subjected to fNIRS and / or Mood Portraits® testing. Of these, compositions H to M are comparative examples, while compositions A to G are fragrance compositions according to the present invention.

[0164] The ingredients contained in these compositions are specified in the two tables below. [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2] [Table 2-3] [Table 2-4] [Table 2-5] [Table 2-6] [Table 2-7] [Table 2-8] [Table 2-9] [Table 2-10]

[0165] Example 4: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Test Results fNIRS testing of fragrance compositions A to M described in Example 3 was carried out according to the method described in Example 1. An unscented control was used as a benchmark.

[0166] At the first level, conditions A1 to A10 were investigated: A1. Channel 14 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A2. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A3. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A4. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A5. Channel 5 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A6. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A7. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A8. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A9. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A10. Channel 18 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling.

[0167] Based on extensive testing, it has been determined that for a fragrance composition to provide an invigorating effect, at least four of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are met (Criterion A).

[0168] The results of the first level of fNIRS testing are shown in the following two tables: [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2]

[0169] For those compositions that satisfied criterion A (compositions A-H and J), further investigation of specific fNIRS channels and time points was performed. Specifically, it was tested whether any of the following additional conditions B1 to B6 and / or C1 to C10 were satisfied. B1. Whole brain deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0–5 s of smelling; B2. Right hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B3. Whole brain total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0–5 s of smelling; B4. Left hemisphere total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0–5 s of smelling; B5. Left hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 5-10 seconds of smelling; B6. Left hemisphere oxyHb shows a statistically significant increase after 0-5 seconds of smelling; C1. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C2. Channel 6 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C3. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C4. Channel 10 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; C5. Channel 11 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C6. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C7. Channel 8 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0–5 s of smelling; C8. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0–10 s of smelling; C9. Channel 7 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0–10 s of smelling; C10. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling.

[0170] It was found that the fragrance composition led to a more significant improvement in the invigoration state if at least five of the six conditions B1 to B6 (criterion B') and / or at least nine of the twenty conditions A1 to A10 and C1 to C10 (criterion C') were fulfilled.

[0171] The results of this second level of fNIRS testing are shown in the following two tables: [Table 4-1] [Table 4-2]

[0172] Thus, compositions A-H met at least one of Criterion B' and Criterion C', while composition J met neither of them. Of those that passed this second level of fNIRS testing, compositions A, C, D, and F met both Criterion B' and Criterion C'.

[0173] It was also found that an even better discrimination between fragrance compositions was possible when criterion D' was evaluated, which requires: - if zero or one of the six conditions B1 to B6 is fulfilled, then at least eight of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; - if two or three of the six conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least six of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; and - If four, five or six of the six conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least four of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled.

[0174] Criterion D' was applied only to those compositions (compositions A-H) that satisfied at least one of criteria B' and C'. The results are shown in the table below: [Table 5]

[0175] It was found that the additional criteria B, C and D lead to improved accuracy for predicting the effect on invigoration achieved by a fragrance composition. As a result, rules for preparing the fragrance compositions of the invention were devised such that each fragrance composition passes even the highest level of the fNIRS test, i.e., criterion D.

[0176] Moreover, fNIRS studies demonstrate highly specific brain signatures at both the group level (i.e., whole brain and / or hemisphere average) and single channel level, allowing for thorough validity testing to ensure that only fragrance compositions and fragrance ingredients that truly provide an invigorating effect in participants are passed.

[0177] Thus, the compositions of the present invention have been found to provide invigoration at a subconscious level.

[0178] Example 5: Survey results The following table shows an example of results obtained using the questionnaire used in Example 2 (15 participants). Composition G of Example 3 is the test fragrance; an unscented control was used as a benchmark; Fragrance 1 is Composition Q of Example 6 described below; Fragrances 2 and 3 are comparative examples not previously described in this disclosure. [Table 6]

[0179] It is worth mentioning that the outlined invigoration effect at the brain level does not depend on the fragrance preference: paired t-tests performed on the liking scores between the test fragrance and all other fragrance compositions tested were not significant, all p-values ​​being greater than 0.5. The invigoration effect is therefore solely due to the composition and not the hedonic characteristics of the fragrance. Moreover, the data presented in the above table highlight the limitations of consumer testing in differentiating moods based solely on explicit, declarative responses. In fact, there are no significant differences between the mood ratings of the same fragrance and across the fragrances tested. The only significant differences highlighted concern the presence or absence of a fragrance that are not related to the specific mood of the fragrance.

[0180] Example 6: Mood Portraits® Test Results In addition to fNIRS testing, Mood Portraits® studies as described in Example 2 were also conducted on a number of fragrance compositions.

[0181] In the context of the present invention, the results of the Mood Portraits® study were analyzed for invigorated moods, specifically, the frequency of selection of photos associated with invigoration and the grade of association of each photo with positive activated moods (some photos were very strongly associated with invigoration, while for others there was only one association among several equally strong ones) were taken into account.

[0182] A comparison of several dozen fragrance compositions showed that most of them have very similar effects on invigoration; however, some fragrance compositions are either unable or unable to significantly evoke an invigorated mood.

[0183] FIG. 2 shows the results of some of the fragrance compositions tested, namely compositions G (inventive) and K and L (comparative examples) of Example 3, as well as compositions N through T (which have not been previously described in this disclosure).

[0184] More precisely, Figure 2 shows the odds ratios of energetic / focused / invigorated moods, indicating for each fragrance composition whether it evokes more or less invigorated moods than other compositions. The odds ratios are shown as dots. If the 95% confidence interval of a fragrance composition's odds ratio is entirely above the 1.0 significance line, that fragrance composition significantly evokes more invigorated moods and is marked by an arrow in Figure 2; if the 95% confidence interval of a fragrance composition is entirely below the 1.0 significance line, that fragrance composition significantly evokes less invigorated moods.

[0185] Thus, as can be seen from Figure 2, composition G, a fragrance composition according to the invention, is able to evoke a significantly greater invigorated mood than all other fragrance compositions, while compositions K and L evoked significantly less invigorated mood than the others. Compositions N to T are essentially on the line of significance.

[0186] Thus, the Mood Portraits® results confirm that composition G, which was found to be invigorating in the fNIRS study and also meets the formulation guidelines of the present invention, is significantly more invigorating than the majority of other fragrance compositions.

Claims

1. 1. A method for evaluating the ability of a test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition to improve an invigorating condition in a human subject, comprising: a) measuring the baseline invigoration state of one or more human test subjects; b) providing the test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition to a human test subject for smelling; c) measuring the resulting invigoration state of the human test subject; and d) determining the difference between the resulting invigoration state and the base invigoration state for the human test subject; Including, Baseline invigoration states and resulting invigoration states were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the left hemisphere, right hemisphere, and whole brain in human test subjects; A test fragrance ingredient or test fragrance composition is capable of improving the invigoration state of a human subject if criterion A is met, which requires that at least four of the following ten conditions A1 to A10 are met: A1. Channel 14 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A2. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A3. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A4. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A5. Channel 5 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A6. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A7. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A8. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A9. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A10. Channel 18 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; wherein channels 1-8 and 11 are located in the left brain hemisphere, channels 9 and 12 are located on the midline, and channels 10 and 13-20 are located in the right brain hemisphere.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least five, more preferably at least six, and most preferably at least seven of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are satisfied.

3. Furthermore, at least one of criteria B and C is satisfied; Here, criterion B requires that at least four, more preferably at least five, and most preferably all six of the following six conditions B1 to B6 are met: B1. Whole brain deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B2. Right hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B3. Whole brain total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B4. Left hemisphere total Hb shows a statistically significant increase after 0-5 seconds of smelling; B5. Left hemisphere deoxyHb shows a statistically significant decrease after 5-10 seconds of smelling; B6. Left hemisphere oxyHb shows a statistically significant increase after 0-5 seconds of smelling; where deoxyHb is the amount of deoxyhemoglobin measured, totalHb is the amount of total hemoglobin measured, and oxyHb is the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin measured; and Here, criterion C requires that at least 8, more preferably at least 9, and most preferably at least 10 of the following 20 conditions A1 to A10 and C1 to C10 are satisfied: A1. Channel 14 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A2. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; A3. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A4. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A5. Channel 5 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; A6. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A7. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; A8. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in oxyHb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A9. Channel 17 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; A10. Channel 18 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 5-10 seconds of smelling; C1. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C2. Channel 6 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C3. Channel 19 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 30 seconds of smelling; C4. Channel 10 shows a statistically significant decrease in total Hb after 30 seconds of smelling; C5. Channel 11 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; C6. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; C7. Channel 8 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0-5 seconds of smelling; C8. Channel 20 shows a statistically significant increase in deoxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; C9. Channel 7 shows a statistically significant increase in oxyHb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; C10. Channel 4 shows a statistically significant increase in total Hb after 0-10 seconds of smelling; wherein channels 1-8 and 11 are located in the left brain hemisphere, channels 9 and 12 are located on the midline, and channels 10 and 13-20 are located in the right brain hemisphere; The method of claim 1.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein both criteria B and C are met.

5. A further criterion D is met, where criterion D is - if 0 or 1 of the 6 conditions B1 to B6 is fulfilled, then at least 7, more preferably at least 8, and most preferably at least 9 of the 10 conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; - if two or three of the six conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least five, more preferably at least six, and most preferably at least seven of the ten conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; and - if 4, 5 or 6 of the 6 conditions B1 to B6 are fulfilled, then at least 4, more preferably at least 5, and most preferably at least 6 of the 10 conditions A1 to A10 are fulfilled; The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein

6. 1. A method of producing a fragrance composition having the effect of improving an invigorated state in a human subject, comprising: (i) creating a test fragrance composition; (ii) evaluating the ability of the test fragrance composition to improve an invigorating condition in a human subject according to the method of claim 1; and (iii) adjusting the test fragrance composition by adding and / or removing at least one fragrance component and / or increasing and / or decreasing the concentration of at least one fragrance component, as necessary, until the fragrance composition is found to improve the invigoration state of the human subject. The method comprising:

7. In step (iii), at least one IMPU fragrance component is added to the test fragrance composition, and / or at least one HMI fragrance component is added to the test fragrance composition, and / or at least one RMP fragrance component is removed from the test fragrance composition, and / or the concentration of at least one IMPU and / or HMI fragrance component is increased, and / or the concentration of at least an RMP fragrance component is reduced, wherein - IMPU fragrance ingredients are: Aromatic Eucalyptus, Aromatic Mint, Aromatic Rosemary, Citrus Lime Ingredients, Spicy Pepper, Citrus Floral / Lemon, Lavandin Oil, Patchouli Oil, Clary Sage Oil, Orange Flower Oil, Guaiac Wood Oil, Oak Moss Oil, Litsea Cubeba Oil, Citral, Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate (Benzyl Salicylate), 2-Methyl-3-(4-(1-Methylethyl)phenyl)propanal ( Cyclamen aldehyde), 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal (floralozone), prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate (allylamyl glycolate), prop-2-enyl 2-cyclohexyloxyacetate (cyclogalbanate), 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (rose oxide), 1-[(2Z,5Z,9Z)-2,6,10-trimethylcyclododeca-2,5,9-trien-1-yl]ethanone (trimofix O or cyclisone), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (Evernyl or Everniate), 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol (dimetol), 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate (linalyl acetate), fir balsam oil, pine needle base, and mixtures thereof; - HMI fragrance ingredients are citrus-orange ingredients, citrus-mandarin ingredients, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core), (3aR,5aS,9aS,9bR)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octa-hydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran (ambrofix or ambroxan), 5,5,9-tetramethyl-13-oxa-tricyclo(8.3.0.0.(4.9))tridecane (cetalox or fixambrene), 2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxybutan-2-ol (amber core), ... aldehyde (dihydromyrcenol), 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanal (helional or tropional), (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)acetate (agrumex), 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-1-one (damascone alpha), 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (cyclal C or tricyclal or ligustral), 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), and mixtures thereof; and - RMP fragrance ingredients are 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol (Terpineol), Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (Hexyl Salicylate), Jasmine Oil, 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal (Hydroxycitronellal), 3-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol (Mefrosol), 2-(Phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Phenoxyethyl Isobutyrate), (12E)-1-Oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one (Habanolide), 4-Methoxybenzoate, 5 ... benzaldehyde (obepin paracresol, anisic aldehyde), benzoin resinoids, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ethyl vanillin), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 2-ethyl-4(2',2',3'-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)buta-enol (Bangalol or Radjanol), a mixture of 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-ylbutanoate and (phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Prunella), and mixtures thereof; The method of claim 6.

8. A fragrance composition for improving an invigorating condition in a human subject, the fragrance composition comprising at least 75%, preferably at least 85%, of fragrance ingredients selected from the following group: a) at least three IMPU fragrance ingredients; b) at least about 10% by weight in total of IMPU fragrance ingredients; c) optionally up to about 90% by weight in the aggregate of HMR, HMI, HMP, RMP and / or GEN fragrance ingredients, provided that the following conditions are met: (c1) IMPU≧HMP+HMR (c2) IMPU+HMI+GEN≧65%; (c3) (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.7 (c4) IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.5 (c5) IMPU / (HMP+RMP+IMPU)+(100-total)≧0.3; Where: (i) All percentages are based on the total weight of the fragrance ingredients that make up the fragrance composition; (ii) IMPU refers to the sum of the percentages of IMPU fragrance ingredients; HMP refers to the sum of the percentages of HMP fragrance ingredients; HMR refers to the sum of the percentages of HMR fragrance ingredients; HMI refers to the sum of the percentages of HMI fragrance ingredients; RMP refers to the sum of the percentages of RMP fragrance ingredients; GEN refers to the sum of the percentages of GEN fragrance ingredients; and Total refers to the sum of HMP, HMR, HMI, IMPU, RMP, and GEN; provided, however, that low-odor or odorless solvents, diluents and other vehicles are excluded from the calculation of these totals; (iii) the symbol ≧ indicates at least equal; (iv) The IMPU fragrance ingredients are aromatic eucalyptus ingredients, aromatic mint ingredients, aromatic rosemary ingredients, citrus lime-in-gradients, spicy pepper ingredients, citrus floral / lemon ingredients, lavandin oil, patchouli oil, clary sage oil, orange flower oil, guaiac wood oil, oak moss oil, litsea cubeba oil, citral, benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (benzyl salicylate), 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)propanal ( Cyclamen aldehyde), 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal (floralozone), prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate (allylamyl glycolate), prop-2-enyl 2-cyclohexyloxyacetate (cyclogalbanate), 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (rose oxide), 1-[(2Z,5Z,9Z)-2,6,10-trimethylcyclododeca-2,5,9-trien-1-yl]ethanone (trimofix O or cyclisone), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (Evernyl or Everniate), 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol (dimetol), 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate (linalyl acetate), fir balsam oil, pine needle base, and mixtures thereof; (v) The HMP fragrance ingredients are: fruity-candied fruit ingredients (excluding damascone alpha), fruity-strawberry ingredients, fruity-raspberry ingredients, fruity-pineapple ingredients, grapefruit oil, 6,6-dimethoxy-2,5,5-trimethylhex-2-ene (methyl pamplemousse), hexenyl-3-salicylate, ylang-ylang oil, ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (ethyl acetoacetate), 5-hexyloxolan-2-one (gamma decalactone), 5-octyloxolan-2-one (dodecalactone gamma), 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoate, ethyl 3-oxobut ... ethyl-5-pentylcyclopentan-1-one (veloutone), hexyl acetate, blackcurrant base, 1-phenylethyl acetate (styraryl acetate), (E)-4-methyldec-3-en-5-ol (undecavertol), 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one (ethyl maltol), 8-methyl-1,5-benzodioxepin-3-one (calone), 1-[(1R,2R,5S,7R)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-9-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec-8-enyl]ethanone (methyl cedryl ketone or vertofix coeur), and mixtures thereof; (vi) The HMR fragrance ingredients are lemon oil, (E)-3,7-dimethylnona-1,6-dien-3-ol (ethyl linalool), benzyl acetate, 3-methyl-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (Jasmones cis), 2-(2'-methylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydropyran (Florosa), (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)hepta-1,6-dien-3-one (cetone V), N-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one (Isoraldeine), 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol (Citronellol), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol (Geraniol), Geranium oil, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde (Lyral, Cyclohexal), 5-heptyldihydrofuran -2(3H)-one (Peach Pure, Undecalactone Gamma), 1,4-Dioxacycloheptadecane-5,17-dione (Ethylene Brassillate), a mixture of cyclohexadecanolide and cyclopentadecanone (Silvanone), (5E)-3-Methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one (Muscenone), (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (Isoeugenol), and mixtures thereof; (vii) The HMI fragrance ingredients are citrus-orange components, citrus-mandarin components, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxy-butan-2-ol (amber core), (3aR,5aS,9aS,9bR)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran (ambrofix or ambroxan), 5,5,9-tetra-methyl-13-oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0.(4.9))tridecane (cetalox or fixambrene), 2,6-dimethyl-oct-7-en-2-ol, 1-(2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxy-butan-2-ol (amber core), aldehyde (dihydromyrcenol), 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanal (helional or tropional), (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl)acetate (agrumex), 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-1-one (damascone alpha), 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (cyclal C or tricyclal or ligustral), 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), and mixtures thereof; (viii) The RMP fragrance ingredients are 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol (Terpineol), Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (Hexyl salicylate), Jasmine oil, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal (Hydroxycitronellal), 3-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol (Mefrosol), 2-(phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate), (12E)-1-Oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one (Habanolide), 4-Methoxy-benzyl ether, 1,2-Dimethylphenyl ... aldehydes (aubepin paracresol, anisic aldehyde), benzoin resinoids, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ethyl vanillin), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 2-ethyl-4(2',2',3'-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)buta-enol (Bangalol or Radjanol), a mixture of 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-ylbutanoate and (phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (Prunella), and mixtures thereof; and (ix) The GEN fragrance ingredients are 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol (linalool), methyl 3-oxo-2-pentyl cyclopentane acetate (methyl dihydro-jasmonate, cepionate, hedione), hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, 3-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl-2-methylpropanal (lilial), (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one (ionone beta), 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (sylvamber or iso-E) super or isogamma super), 1,15-pentadecanolide (Thibetolide), -(isocampyl-5)cyclohexanol (sandela), (3R,3aS,6R,7R,8aS)-octahydro-6-methoxy-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methanoazulene (cedryl methyl ether), and mixtures thereof.

9. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, comprising a total of at least about 15% by weight, more preferably at least about 20% by weight, of IMPU fragrance ingredients.

10. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, comprising at least four IMPU fragrance ingredients, more preferably at least five IMPU fragrance ingredients.

11. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, comprising at least one IMPU and / or HMI fragrance ingredient selected from one or more of the following groups: - one or more aromatic-eucalyptus components selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus oil, 1-8 cineole (eucalyptol), and mixtures thereof; one or more aromatic mint components selected from the group consisting of peppermint oil, spearmint oil, L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (L- and DL-menthol), [(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl] acetate (menthyl acetate), 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one (freskomenthe), 5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol (isopulegol), D / L- and L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (D / L- and L-menthone), L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (L- and racemic isomenthone), and mixtures thereof; - rosemary oil, (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (borneol), (1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-ol (iso-borneol), 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor), 8,8-dimethyl-9-propan-2-yl-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (opalal), one or more aromatic rosemary components selected from the group consisting of 2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (linalool oxide), trans-methyl 1,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate (cyprisate), 2-ethenyl-2,6,6-trimethyloxane (limetol), 2-butyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane (helboxane), and mixtures thereof; one or more citrus-lime ingredients selected from the group consisting of lime oil, lime terpenes, lime oxide, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (dipentene), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (terpinolene), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (ocimene), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene (citrathal), elemi oil, (4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene (para-cymene), 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (delta-3-carene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more spicy-pepper ingredients selected from the group consisting of ginger oil, nutmeg oil, olibanum oil, cardamom oil, copaiba balsam oil, curcuma oil, pepper oil, (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (caryophyllene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-floral / lemon ingredients selected from the group consisting of bergamot oil, coriander oil, coriander seed oil, and mixtures thereof; - one or more citrus-orange components selected from the group consisting of orange oil, orange terpenes, orange aldehydes, and mixtures thereof; and / or - one or more citrus-mandarin ingredients selected from the group consisting of mandarin oil, tangerin oil, (E)-6,10-dimethylundec-5,9-dien-2-yl acetate (tangerinol), methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate (dimethylanthranilate), octanol-3, and mixtures thereof.

12. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, wherein IMPU+HMI+GEN≧70%, more preferably IMPU+HMI+GEN≧75%, and most preferably IMPU+HMI+GEN≧80%.

13. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, wherein (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.72, more preferably (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.75, and most preferably (IMPU+HMI) / (IMPU+HMI+RMP+HMR)≧0.

8.

14. 9. The fragrance composition of claim 8, wherein IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.52, more preferably IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.55, and most preferably IMPU / (IMPU+HMP+RMP)≧0.

6.

15. 15. A consumer product comprising a fragrance composition according to any one of claims 8 to 14.

16. 15. A method of improving an invigoration state in a human subject, comprising providing to the human subject an effective amount of a fragrance composition according to any one of claims 8 to 14.

17. 1. Use of a fragrance ingredient to improve an invigoration condition in a human subject, wherein the fragrance ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: - one or more aromatic-eucalyptus components selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus oil, 1-8 cineole (eucalyptol), and mixtures thereof; one or more aromatic mint components selected from the group consisting of peppermint oil, L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (L- and DL-menthol), [(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl] acetate (menthyl acetate), 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one (freskomenthe), 5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol (isopulegol), D / L- and L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (D / L- and L-menthone), L- and D / L-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone (L- and racemic isomenthone), and mixtures thereof; - 1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (borneol), (1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-ol (iso-borneol), 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor), 8,8-dimethyl-9-propan-2-yl-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (opalal), 2-(5-methyl-1,2-diphenyl-2,4-diphenyl ... one or more aromatic rosemary components selected from the group consisting of ethyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (linalool oxide), trans-methyl 1,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate (cyprisate), 2-ethenyl-2,6,6-trimethyloxane (limetol), 2-butyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane (helboxane), and mixtures thereof; one or more citrus-lime ingredients selected from the group consisting of lime oil, lime terpenes, lime oxide, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (dipentene), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (terpinolene), (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (ocimene), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene (citrathal), elemi oil, (4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene (para-cymene), 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (delta-3-carene), and mixtures thereof; - one or more spicy-pepper ingredients selected from the group consisting of cardamom oil, copaiba balsam oil, curcuma oil, pepper oil, (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (caryophyllene), and mixtures thereof; one or more citrus-orange components selected from the group consisting of orange aldehyde, and mixtures thereof; and / or - one or more citrus-mandarin ingredients selected from the group consisting of tangerine oil, (E)-6,10-dimethylundec-5,9-dien-2-yl acetate (tangerinol), methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate (dimethylanthranilate), octanol-3, and mixtures thereof.

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