Dynamic changes in waveforms associated with wireless communications

Abstract

Systems, methods, and means for dynamic change of waveforms for wireless communications are described herein. Examples of hybrid initial access by using single carrier waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms are provided herein. Initial access related signals for both DFT-S-OFDM waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms may be transmitted. The transmission of initial access related signals for both DFT-S-OFDM waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms may be based on one or more of carrier frequency, frequency band, subcarrier spacing, etc. The transmission of initial access related signals for both DFT-S-OFDM waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms may include frequency domain multiplexing of PSS / SSS to reduce time domain resource overhead.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 275,813, filed November 4, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Mobile communications using wireless communication continues to evolve. The fifth generation of mobile communications Radio Access Technology (RAT) may be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR). The previous (conventional) generation of mobile communications RAT may be, for example, the fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE). Summary of the Invention

[0003] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE Described herein are systems, methods, and implementations for dynamic variation of waveforms associated with wireless communications.

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) for multiple waveform types. The slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may indicate information for multiple slots. For example, the slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may indicate, for a given slot, whether a particular waveform (e.g., one of a first or second waveform) is indicated for the slot, or whether the slot is indicated as flexible (e.g., if a slot is indicated as flexible, the waveform type used for the slot may not be fixed and may be selected based on conditions, such as those described herein). As an example, using exemplary waveform types of cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and discrete fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM), the slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may indicate, for each slot in a number of slots, whether the slot is designated as flexible, associated with CP-OFDM, or associated with DFT-s-OFDM. The slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may be based on (e.g., may be received via) one or more of the following: a radio resource control (RRC) configuration, a medium access control element control element (MAC CE), or downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., a WTRU-specific DCI and / or a group DCI).

[0005] Slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may be received by the WTRU. The slot format configuration information may indicate information for multiple slots. For example, the slot format configuration information may indicate that a first slot has a first waveform type associated with the first slot or is flexible, and a second slot has a second waveform type associated with the second slot or is flexible. The WTRU may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in the first slot. The PDCCH transmission may be received via a waveform of a preferred waveform type if the first slot is indicated as flexible in the slot format configuration information, or via a waveform of a first waveform type if the first waveform type is indicated as associated with the first slot in the slot format configuration information. The PDCCH transmission may schedule a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission and include a DCI indicating an indicated waveform type associated with receiving the PDSCH transmission. The WTRU may receive the PDSCH transmission in the second slot. The PDSCH transmission may be received via a waveform of an indicated waveform type if the second slot is flexible, or via a waveform of the second waveform type if the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot.

[0006] A second waveform type may be indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot. In an example, a waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot may be indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If the second slot is indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the second slot may carry at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. Based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply an inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT) before decoding the PDSCH transmission.

[0007] In an example, a waveform of a second waveform type associated with a second slot may be indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a CP-OFDM waveform. If the second slot is indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a CP-OFDM waveform, the second slot may carry at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for a CP-OFDM waveform. Based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated to be a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may be configured to decode the PDSCH transmission without applying an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1A]FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a representative communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 1B] 1A is a system diagram illustrating a representative wireless transmit unit / wireless receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary Radio Access Network (RAN) and an exemplary Core Network (CN) that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further exemplary RAN and a further exemplary CN that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] Typical available frequencies from 52.6GHz to 71GHz are shown. [Diagram 3] Typical available frequencies from 71GHz to 100GHz are shown. [Figure 4] 13 shows an example of a waveform type indication in a CORESET / search space configuration table. [Figure 5A] 1 shows examples of different CORESET / search multiplexing patterns. [Figure 5B] 1 shows examples of different CORESET / search multiplexing patterns. [Figure 5C] 1 shows examples of different CORESET / search multiplexing patterns. [Figure 6A] 1 shows examples of different CORESET / search space structures. [Figure 6B] 1 shows examples of different CORESET / search space structures. [Figure 7] Indicates slot format configuration information (eg, slot format indication) for multiple waveforms. [Figure 8] Indicates slot format configuration information (eg, slot format indication) for multiple waveforms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable the multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications system 100 may use one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0010] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, paging, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things devices, watches or other wearable, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., for remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated processing chain context), consumer electronics devices, devices operating in commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[0011] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a home Node B, a home eNode B, a gNB, an NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0012] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage to a particular geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell, for example, using beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0013] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable Radio Access Technology (RAT).

[0014] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as, for example, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base stations 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in the RAN 104 / 113 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communications protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0015] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0016] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, but may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0017] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0018] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity, WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), or the like.

[0019] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as an office, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.11, to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a picocell or a femtocell using a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0020] The RAN 104 / 113 may communicate with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as, for example, different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0021] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or the internet protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as the RANs 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0022] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a, which may use a cellular-based wireless technology, and a base station 114b, which may use an IEEE 802 wireless technology.

[0023] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0024] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120, which may be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0025] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0026] 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0027] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0028] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user-entered data from, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. It should be noted that the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a Secure Digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0029] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, but may also be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for providing power to the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0030] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding a current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by way of any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0031] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, a Frequency Modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0032] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio where the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals associated with a particular subframe (e.g., for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and the downlink (e.g., for reception) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., via a separate processor (not shown) or the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the uplink UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0033] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0034] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0035] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in FIG 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0036] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0037] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may function as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attachment of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0038] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc.

[0039] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0040] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multiplexed Media Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. Note that the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0041] Although the WTRU is illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may use a wired communications interface with the communications network (e.g., temporarily or permanently).

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0043] A WLAN in infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) of the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS to the STAs may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from the STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP and transmitted to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be transmitted, for example, through the AP, where the source STA may transmit traffic to the AP, which may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be viewed and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Homogeneous traffic may be transmitted in a Direct Link Setup (DLS) between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0044] When using an 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width that is dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, for example, in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., all STAs), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be active by a particular STA, the particular STA may be backed off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0045] A High Throughput (HT) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, which may be formed, for example, through a combination of a 20 MHz primary channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels.

[0046] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz wide channels may be formed by combining multiple contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining eight contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the case of the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data may pass through a segment parser, which may split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped to two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed and the combined data may be sent to a Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0047] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter-type control / machine-type communication, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have specific capabilities, including, for example, support for (e.g., support only for) specific and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0048] WLAN systems that may support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that may be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set by the STA and / or limited among all STAs operating in the BSS that support the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In an 802.11ah embodiment, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only) the 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is active due to a STA (that only supports the 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered active even though most of the frequency band may remain dormant and available.

[0049] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0050] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 113 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116 using NR radio technology. The RAN 113 may also communicate with the CN 115.

[0051] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals to the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a using, for example, multiple antennas. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, and the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0052] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different lengths of absolute time).

[0053] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with and connect to a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with and connecting to another RAN, such as an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, while the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0054] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0055] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may function as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. The network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize the CN support of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service utilizing the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0057] The SMFs 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPFs 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a, 184b. The SMFs 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and assigning WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0058] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0059] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multiplexed Media Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Note that the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0060] 1A-1D and the corresponding description thereof, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0061] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use terrestrial wireless communication to perform the tests.

[0062] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including but not limited to, while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a test scenario in a test lab and / or in an undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. One or more of the emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF link and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may include, for example, one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0063] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE Described herein are systems, methods, and implementations for dynamic variation of waveforms associated with wireless communications.

[0064] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) for multiple waveform types. The slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate information for multiple slots. For example, the slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate, for a given slot, whether a particular waveform (e.g., one of a first or second waveform) is indicated for the slot, or whether the slot is indicated as flexible (e.g., if a slot is indicated as flexible, the waveform type used for the slot may not be fixed, and may be selected, for example, based on conditions as described herein). As an example, using exemplary waveform types of cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM), the slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate, for each slot in a number of slots, whether the slot is indicated as flexible, associated with CP-OFDM, or associated with DFT-s-OFDM. The slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may be based on (e.g., may be received via) one or more of the following: a radio resource control (RRC) configuration, a medium access control element control element (MAC CE), or downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., a WTRU-specific DCI and / or a group DCI).

[0065] Slot format configuration information (e.g., a slot format indication) may be received by the WTRU. The slot format configuration information may indicate information for multiple slots. For example, the slot format configuration information may indicate that a first slot has a first waveform type associated with the first slot or is flexible, and a second slot has a second waveform type associated with the second slot or is flexible. The WTRU may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in the first slot. The PDCCH transmission may be received via a waveform of a preferred waveform type if the first slot is indicated as flexible in the slot format configuration information, or via a waveform of a first waveform type if the first waveform type is indicated as associated with the first slot in the slot format configuration information. The PDCCH transmission may schedule a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission and include a DCI indicating an indicated waveform type associated with receiving the PDSCH transmission. The WTRU may receive the PDSCH transmission in the second slot. The PDSCH transmission may be received via a waveform of an indicated waveform type if the second slot is flexible, or via a waveform of the second waveform type if the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot.

[0066] A second waveform type may be indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot. In an example, a waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot may be indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If the second slot is indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the second slot may carry at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. Based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated to be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) before decoding the PDSCH transmission.

[0067] In an example, a waveform of a second waveform type associated with a second slot may be indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a CP-OFDM waveform. If the second slot is indicated in the slot format configuration information to be a CP-OFDM waveform, the second slot may carry at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for a CP-OFDM waveform. Based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated to be a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may be configured to decode the PDSCH transmission without applying an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT).

[0068] A transmission being received via a waveform type may be equivalent to a transmission being received via a waveform of the waveform type. The waveform type(s) associated with the slot(s) may be equivalent to the waveform(s) of the waveform type(s) associated with the slot(s). A WTRU using a waveform type may be equivalent to a WTRU using a waveform of the waveform type.

[0069] Examples of hybrid initial access by using single carrier waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms are provided herein. Initial access related signals for DFT-S-OFDM waveforms and CP-OFDM waveforms may be transmitted. The initial access related signals may include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) for hybrid operation, a PRACH resource for waveform determination, a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) with m-sequence for DFT-S-OFDM waveforms and DFT-S-OFDM based initial access waveforms, a PBCH with DFT-S-OFDM waveform, a CORESET structure including CORESET#0, or MSG3 in the DFT-S-OFDM waveform.

[0070] The PSS for hybrid operation may be a PSS based on a Zadoff-Chu signal. If the WTRU blindly detects the Zadoff-Chu signal-based PSS, the WTRU may determine a DFT-S-OFDM-based initial access waveform. The PSS for hybrid operation may be a waveform type indication based on one or more of a PSS index (e.g., a preamble), a synchronization signal block (SSB) pattern (e.g., a time gap between a PSS and an SSS), or a synchronization raster. The WTRU may determine a waveform for initial access based on the detected PSS index and / or synchronization raster. The PSS for hybrid operation may be a WTRU prioritization over a CP-OFDM-based initial access waveform operation. The WTRU may include a low implementation WTRU for a CP-OFDM waveform, or an advanced WTRU for a CP-OFDM waveform and a DFT-S-OFDM waveform. The PSS for hybrid operation may include frequency resources (e.g., other frequency resources) to be utilized.

[0071] A physical random access channel (PRACH) resource for waveform determination may be determined by the WTRU based on the selection of the PRACH resource. The WTRU may report the determination. Based on the determined initial access waveform, for a DFT-S-OFDM waveform and a second SSS with an m-sequence for a DFT-S-OFDM based initial access waveform, the WTRU may apply an IDFT for SSS decoding. For a PBCH with a DFT-S-OFDM waveform, based on the determined initial access waveform, the WTRU may apply an IDFT for SSS decoding. If the PSS and SSS are common to both the CP-OFDM waveform and the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, a master information block (MIB) may indicate the waveform type for initial access. For a CORESET structure including CORESET#0, based on the determined initial access waveform, the WTRU may detect (e.g., blindly detect) the PDCCH based on a different CORESET structure. For the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, the PDCCH data symbols and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbols may be independent of the new resource element group (REG) design. For MSG3 in the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, whether to use the CP-OFDM waveform or the DFT-S-OFDM waveform may be configurable by RRC configuration. If the WTRU determines a DFT-S-OFDM-based initial access waveform, the WTRU may use (e.g., always use) the DFT-S-OFDM MSG3.

[0072] The transmission of initial access related signals for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may be based on one or more of a carrier frequency, a frequency band, a subcarrier spacing, etc. The transmission of initial access related signals for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may include frequency domain multiplexing of PSS / SSS to reduce time domain resource overhead. The transmission of initial access related signals for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may include multiple transmitters (e.g., one power amplifier (PA) for SSB and another PA for PDSCH) to maintain the same amount of backoff.

[0073] Examples of slot-level dynamic switching between different waveforms are provided herein. The slot-level dynamic switching may include a slot format configuration / indication for a waveform type (e.g., CP-OFDM, DFT-S-OFDM, or flexible). The slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate for a given slot, whether a particular waveform (e.g., one of a first waveform or a second waveform) is indicated for the slot or whether the slot is flexible. The slot format configuration information may indicate a first waveform type associated with the first slot and a second waveform type associated with the second slot. In an example, the first waveform type may be a CP-OFDM waveform associated with the first slot (e.g., a CP-OFDM slot). The first slot (e.g., a CP-OFDM slot) may include an initial access related signal, a CORESET / SS, and a reference signal (RS) for the CP-OFDM waveform. In an example, the first waveform type may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform associated with a first slot (e.g., a DFT-S-OFDM slot). The first slot (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM slot) may include initial access related signals for the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, CORESET / SS, and RS. If the slot is flexible, the slot may be absent of signals for initial access and RS, and thus the WTRU may determine the slot format based on a dynamic indication (e.g., symbol-level dynamic switching). The waveform determination may be based on the indicated slot format. The application of a waveform-specific design may be based on the determined waveform.

[0074] An example of dynamic switching of symbol levels between different waveforms (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM and CP-OFDM) is provided herein. The WTRU may determine the waveform for PDSCH reception based on one or more of the following: transmission configuration index (TCI) state (e.g., explicit configuration in TCI state) (e.g., SC waveform for wider beam to achieve better coverage and CP-OFDM for narrow beam), or PDSCH scheduling (e.g., modulation and coding scheme, MCS), frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) (e.g., scheduled resource block (RB)), time domain resource allocation (TDRA) (e.g., explicit configuration of TDRA). An example of dynamic switching of BWP levels between different waveforms is provided herein. The waveform may be configured per bandwidth part (BWP).

[0075] Examples of expected WTRU behavior based on the determined waveform are provided herein. Examples of expected WTRU behavior may be DMRS structure and bundling type (e.g., sub-band or wideband) or channel state information (CSI) reporting (assumed with the illustrated waveform). For example, DFT-S-OFDM transmission may support (e.g., only support) Type 1 DMRS and / or wideband bundling. Different CSI reporting parameters may be supported (e.g., wideband or sub-band), such as power offset / backoff / headroom (e.g., per precoding matrix indication, PMI) in CSI reporting or CSI reporting configuration. In an example, CSI reporting may be based on WTRU reports / recommendations regarding waveform selection, frequency resources (e.g., adjacent / subset sub-bands), or CSI reporting configuration (including waveforms in the configuration). In an example, the CSI reporting may be based on the application of different codebook subset restrictions (CBSR) for CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM waveforms or PC (power ratio between CSI-RS / SSB), or dynamic indication of CBSR. In an example, the CSI reporting may be based on dynamic indication of power offset (e.g., based on explicit indication in one or more of RRC, MAC CE, or DCI, or based on implicit indication).

[0076] An example of dynamic waveform switching at higher frequencies is provided herein. In higher frequency bands, efficient transmit power handling may be required since high transmit power may be required to overcome increased path loss. Power amplifier efficiency may degrade with increasing frequency. However, it may be desirable to reduce power backoff, and CP-OFDM waveforms in DL NR may require high PAPR and corresponding large backoff for signal transmission. The use of single carrier waveforms, including DFT-s-OFDM waveforms and single carrier-quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) waveforms, may be proposed for higher frequency bands. According to various evaluation results, single carrier waveforms may provide performance benefits in low modulation and line of sight (LOS) environments. However, single carrier waveforms may not provide benefits in high modulation (which may be due to increased peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and corresponding large power backoff) and non-line of sight (NLOS) environments (which may be due to inter-symbol interference from multipath). Examples are provided herein relating to a WTRU efficiently supporting multiple waveforms at higher frequencies.

[0077] An example of hybrid initial access by using a single carrier waveform and a CP-OFDM waveform is provided herein. Initial access related signals for both DFT-S-OFDM and CP-OFDM waveforms may be transmitted. The initial access related signals may include one or more of a PSS for hybrid operation, a PRACH resource for waveform determination, an SSS with a DFT-S-OFDM waveform and an m-sequence for a DFT-S-OFDM based initial access waveform, a PBCH with a DFT-S-OFDM waveform, a CORESET structure including CORESET#0, or an MSG3 in DFT-S-OFDM.

[0078] The PSS for hybrid operation may be a PSS based on a Zadoff-Chu signal. If the WTRU blindly detects the Zadoff-Chu signal-based PSS, the WTRU may determine a DFT-S-OFDM-based initial access waveform. The PSS for hybrid operation may include a waveform type indication based on one or more of a PSS index (e.g., a preamble), an SSB pattern (e.g., a time gap between the PSS and the SSS), or a synchronization raster. The WTRU may determine a waveform for initial access based on the detected PSS index and / or synchronization raster. The PSS for hybrid operation may be a WTRU prioritization over a CP-OFDM-based initial access waveform operation. The WTRU may include a low implementation WTRU in a CP-OFDM waveform, or an advanced WTRU for a CP-OFDM waveform and a DFT-S-OFDM waveform. The PSS for hybrid operation may include frequency resources (e.g., other frequency resources) to utilize.

[0079] The PRACH resource for waveform determination may be determined by the WTRU based on the selection of the PRACH resource. The WTRU may report the determination. Based on the determined initial access waveform, in the case of the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and SSS with m-sequence for the DFT-S-OFDM based initial access waveform, the WTRU may apply IDFT for SSS decoding. In the case of the PBCH with DFT-S-OFDM waveform, based on the determined initial access waveform, the WTRU may apply IDFT for SSS decoding. If the PSS and SSS are common to both the CP-OFDM waveform and the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, the MIB may indicate the waveform type for initial access. In the case of a CORESET structure including CORESET#0, based on the determined initial access waveform, the WTRU may detect (e.g., blind detection) the PDCCH based on a different CORESET structure. In the case of the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, the PDCCH data symbols and DMRS symbols may be independent for the new REG design. For MSG3 in a DFT-S-OFDM waveform, whether to use a CP-OFDM waveform or a DFT-S-OFDM waveform may be configurable by RRC configuration. If the WTRU determines a DFT-S-OFDM based initial access waveform, the WTRU may use (e.g., always use) the DFT-S-OFDM MSG3.

[0080] The transmission of initial access related signals for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may be based on one or more of a carrier frequency, a frequency band, a subcarrier spacing, etc. The transmission of initial access related signals for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may include frequency domain multiplexing of PSS / SSS to reduce time domain resource overhead. The transmission of initial access related signals for the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform may include multiple transmitters to maintain the same amount of backoff (e.g., one PA for SSB, another PA for PDSCH).

[0081] Examples of slot-level dynamic switching between different waveforms are provided herein. The slot-level dynamic switching may include slot format configuration / instruction for the waveform type (e.g., CP-OFDM, DFT-S-OFDM, or flexible). A CP-OFDM slot (e.g., not flexible) may include initial access related signals, CORESET / SS, and RS for the CP-OFDM waveform. A DFT-S-OFDM slot (e.g., not flexible) may include initial access related signals, CORESET / SS, and RS for the DFT-S-OFDM waveform. A flexible slot may be without signals for initial access and RS, and thus the WTRU may determine the slot format based on a dynamic instruction (e.g., symbol-level dynamic switching). The waveform determination may be based on the indicated slot format. The application of a waveform-specific design may be based on the determined waveform.

[0082] An example of dynamic switching of symbol levels between different waveforms (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM and CP-OFDM) is provided herein. The WTRU may determine a waveform for PDSCH reception based on one or more of the following: TCI state (e.g., explicit configuration in TCI state) (e.g., SC waveform for wider beam to achieve better coverage and CP-OFDM for narrow beam), PDSCH scheduling (e.g., MCS, FDRA (e.g., scheduled RBs), or TDRA (e.g., explicit configuration in TDRA)). An example of dynamic switching of BWP levels between different waveforms is provided herein. A waveform may be configured for each BWP.

[0083] Examples of expected WTRU behavior based on the determined waveform are provided herein. Examples of expected WTRU behavior may be DMRS structure and bundling type (e.g., sub-band or wideband) or CSI reporting (assumed in the illustrated waveform). DFT-S-OFDM transmission may support (e.g., only support) Type 1 DMRS and / or wideband bundling. Different CSI reporting parameters such as power offset / backoff / headroom (e.g., per PMI) in CSI reporting or CSI reporting configuration may be supported (e.g., wideband or sub-band). In an example, CSI reporting may be based on at least one of WTRU report / recommendation regarding waveform selection, frequency resources (e.g., adjacent / subset sub-bands), or CSI reporting configuration (including waveforms in the configuration). In an example, CSI reporting may be based on at least one of application of different CDBS for CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, PC (power ratio between CSI-RS / SSB), or dynamic indication of CBSR. In an example, the CSI reporting may be based on a dynamic indication of the power offset.

[0084] FIG. 2 shows representative available frequencies from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz. FIG. 3 shows representative available frequencies from 71 GHz to 100 GHz. In an example, frequencies above 52.6 GHz (e.g., New Radio (NR)) may be provided. There may be a minimum of 5 GHz of spectrum available globally between 57-64 GHz for unlicensed operation, and in some countries, there may be up to 14 GHz of spectrum between 57-71 GHz for unlicensed operation. There may be an identified minimum of 10 GHz of spectrum available globally between 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed operation, and in some countries, there may be up to 18 GHz of spectrum available between 71-114.25 GHz for licensed operation. The frequency range above 52.6 GHz may include larger spectrum allocations, and larger bandwidths may not be available for bands below 52.6 GHz. NR physical layer channels may be designed to be optimized for use at 52.6 GHz.

[0085] To enable and optimize NR systems, frequencies above 52.6 GHz may face challenges compared to lower frequency bands, such as higher phase noise, extreme propagation losses due to high atmospheric absorption, lower power amplifier efficiency, and strong power spectral density regulatory requirements.

[0086] Efficient transmit power processing may be desired because high transmit power may be required to overcome increased path loss in higher frequency bands. However, the efficiency of power amplifiers may decrease with increasing frequency. Given the reduced efficiency of power amplifiers, reducing the power backoff may be desired in higher frequency bands. However, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) in DL (e.g., in downlink NR, which may be used as an example herein) may require a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and a corresponding large backoff for signal transmission. Utilization of single carrier waveforms may include DFT-s-OFDM and SC-QAM for higher frequency bands. Single carrier waveforms may provide performance benefits in LOS environments with low modulation and low PAPR. However, single carrier waveforms may not provide benefits in high modulation (which may be due to increased PAPR and corresponding large power backoff), NLOS environments (which may be due to inter-symbol interference from multipath).

[0087] Examples are provided herein for enabling initial access procedures based on multiple waveforms. Examples are provided herein for enabling dynamic slot-level switching between different waveforms. Examples are provided herein for enabling dynamic symbol-level switching between different waveforms. Examples are provided herein for enabling dynamic BWP-level switching between different waveforms. Examples are provided herein for enabling CSI reporting based on multiple waveforms.

[0088] The WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or a reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter, and the term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0089] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as that used to receive an RS (such as CSI-RS) or synchronization signal (SS) block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as the "target" and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as the "reference" or "source." The WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to its spatial relationship to such RS or SS block.

[0090] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter used to transmit a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as the "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. One may say that the WTRU may transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relationship to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0091] The spatial relationship may be implicit, configured by RRC, or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may transmit (e.g., implicitly) the PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as the sounding reference signal (SRS) indicated in the DCI or indicated by an SRS resource indicator (SRI) configured by RRC. In an example, the spatial relationship may be configured by RRC for SRI or by MAC CE for PUCCH. The spatial relationship may be referred to (e.g., may also be referred to as) a "beam indication."

[0092] The WTRU may receive the first (target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameters as the second (reference) downlink channel or signal. An association may exist between a physical channel, such as a PDCCH or PDSCH, and its respective DM-RS. If at least the first and second signals are reference signals, an association may exist if the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports. The association (e.g., such an association) may be configured as a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state. The WTRU may indicate the association between the CSI-RS or SS block and the DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by the MAC CE. The indication (e.g., such an indication) may be referred to (e.g., may also be referred to) as a "beam indication."

[0093] Examples of hybrid initial access based on multiple waveforms are provided herein. The new waveforms may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: DFT-s-OFDM waveform, (single carrier frequency domain multiple access) SC-FDMA waveform, NxSC-FDMA waveform, clustered DFT-s-OFDM waveform, SC-QAM waveform, single carrier-frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) waveform, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) waveform, or universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) waveform. The signals may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: SRS, channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), DM-RS, phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS), or SSB. Channel may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: PDCCH, PDSCH, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical random access channel (PRACH), etc. The WTRU may determine a waveform for initial access. The WTRU may apply the determined waveform to the initial access procedure (e.g., the remaining initial access procedure after detection). The determination may be based on one or more of the following: parameters of the synchronization signal, associated PRACH resources and / or PRACH sequence, physical broadcast channel (PBCH) parameters, CORESET / search space configuration of CORESET#0 / search space#0, carrier frequency, frequency band and / or frequency range (FR2-1 or FR2-2), or subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0094] The parameters of the synchronization signal may include a multiplexing pattern of the synchronization signal. The WTRU may determine a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM) if the WTRU detects a first SSB pattern (e.g., frequency domain multiplexing (FDM)). The WTRU may determine a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform) if the WTRU detects a second SSB pattern (e.g., time-domain multiplexing (TDM)).

[0095] For an associated PRACH resource and / or PRACH sequence, the WTRU may report its preferred waveform for initial access by transmitting one or more PRACHs on the associated PRACH resource / sequence. If the WTRU decides to use a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may transmit one or more PRACHs on the first PRACH resource and / or with the first PRACH sequence. If the WTRU decides to use a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may transmit one or more PRACHs on the second PRACH resource and / or with the second PRACH sequence.

[0096] For the PBCH parameters, the WTRU may determine a waveform for initial access based on the PBCH. The WTRU may determine the waveform based on one or more of the following: a PBCH DMRS pattern, a PBCH DMRS sequence, or parameters of the PBCH in the MIB.

[0097] For a PBCH DMRS pattern, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the PBCH DMRS pattern. The WTRU may determine a first waveform if it detects a first PBCH DMRS pattern. The WTRU may determine a second waveform if it detects a second PBCH DMRS pattern.

[0098] For a PBCH DMRS sequence, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the PBCH DMRS sequence type. The WTRU may determine a first waveform if the WTRU detects a PBCH DMRS sequence of a first type. The WTRU may determine a second waveform if the WTRU detects a PBCH DMRS sequence of a second type.

[0099] In the case of the MIB, a field in the MIB may indicate the waveform type for the initial access.

[0100] For a CORESET / search space configuration of CORESET#0 / search space#0, the WTRU may determine a waveform for initial access based on the CORESET#0 / search space#0 configuration. The WTRU may determine the waveform based on one or more of the following: explicit indication of CORESET#0 / search space#0 configuration, SS / PBCH block and control resource set multiplexing pattern, number of RBs, number of symbols, offset, or predefined value, configured value by the gNB, and WTRU reported value (e.g., via WTRU capability signaling).

[0101] 4 shows an example waveform type indication in a CORESET / search space configuration table. For an explicit indication of a CORESET#0 / search space#0 configuration, the column of the CORESET#0 / search space#0 configuration may indicate the waveform type. The WTRU may receive an index of the CORESET#0 / search space#0 configuration. Based on the index, the WTRU may determine the waveform type for initial access.

[0102] 5A-5C show examples of different CORESET / search multiplexing patterns. For SS / PBCH block and control resource set multiplexing patterns, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the indicated SS / PBCH block and control resource set multiplexing pattern. If the indicated multiplexing pattern is a first multiplexing pattern (e.g., pattern 1 as shown in FIG. 5A or time domain duplexing (TDD)), the WTRU may determine the first waveform. If the indicated multiplexing pattern is a second multiplexing pattern (e.g., pattern 2 / 3 or TDD and / or FDD as shown in FIG. 5B-5C), the WTRU may determine the second waveform.

[0103] For the number of RBs, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the indicated number of RBs in CORESET#0 / search space#0. If the indicated number of RBs is greater than threshold X, the WTRU may determine a first waveform. If the indicated number of RBs is less than (or equal to) threshold X, the WTRU may determine a second waveform.

[0104] For the number of symbols, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the indicated number of symbols in CORESET#0 / Search Space#0. If the number of indicated symbols is greater than a threshold Y, the WTRU may determine a first waveform. If the number of indicated symbols is less than (or equal to) the threshold Y, the WTRU may determine a second waveform.

[0105] In the case of an offset, the WTRU may determine a waveform based on the indicated offset of CORESET#0 / Search Space#0. If the indicated offset is greater than a threshold Z, the WTRU may determine a first waveform. If the indicated offset is less than (or equal to) the threshold Z, the WTRU may determine a second waveform.

[0106] In an example, the WTRU may apply one or more of the following actions for initial access based on the determined waveform: SSS waveform, message 3 (MSG3) waveform, different CORESET / search space structure, different PRACH resources and / or PRACH sequence, or different SCS.

[0107] For the SSS waveform, the WTRU may determine the SSS waveform based on the detected waveform of the PSS. If the WTRU detects a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may blindly detect the SSS sequence (e.g., m-sequence) without applying IDFT. If the WTRU detects a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may detect the SSS by applying IDFT before SSS detection or by assuming a different sequence (e.g., Zadoff-Chu sequence).

[0108] For the waveform of message 3 (MSG3), the WTRU may determine the waveform of MSG3 based on the determined waveform. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may transmit MSG3 based on the gNB configuration (whether to use the first waveform or a second waveform, e.g., msg3-transformPrecoding). If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may apply DFT precoding for the MSG3 transmission regardless of the gNB configuration.

[0109] 6A-6B show examples of different CORESET / search space structures. For different CORESET / search space structures, the WTRU may assume different CORESET / search space structures for blind detection of PDCCH. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may assume REG in a symbol with frequency domain multiplexed (FDMed) control information and PDCCH DM-RS. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may assume REG in two or more symbols with time domain multiplexed (TDMed) control information and PDCCH DM-RS.

[0110] In an example, the WTRU may assume parameters for CORESET / search space construction. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may assume first parameters for CORESET / search space construction. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may assume second parameters for CORESET / search space construction. The parameters may be one or more of the following: number of REGs per CCE, minimum and / or maximum duration of the CORESET, or number of REs per REG (e.g., 6 or 12).

[0111] In an example, the WTRU may apply the determined waveform to the control information of the PDCCH. If the WTRU detects a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may blindly detect the PDCCH without applying IDFT. If the WTRU detects a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may apply IDFT before PDCCH detection.

[0112] For different PRACH resources and / or PRACH sequences, the WTRU may transmit one or more PRACHs on the associated PRACH resources / sequences with the determined waveform type. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may transmit one or more PRACHs on the first PRACH resources and / or using the first PRACH sequence. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may transmit one or more PRACHs on the second PRACH resources and / or using the second PRACH sequence.

[0113] In the case of different SCSs, the WTRU may determine the SCS based on the determined waveform type. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM), the WTRU may use the first SCS (e.g., 120 kHz) for its operation. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may use the second SCS (e.g., 480 kHz or 960 kHz) for its operation.

[0114] An example of a primary synchronization signal for hybrid waveform operation is provided herein. The WTRU may receive an SS / PBCH block (SSB). The SS / PBCH block may carry one or more of a PSS, SSS, PBCH, or PBCH DMRS. The term PSS may be used to represent a sequence of content, information, payload, and / or bits. The PSS sequence may be used to extract the strongest correlation spikes as a first step in SS / PBCH block recovery and cell search.

[0115] In an example, the sequence for PSS may be an m-sequence with length 127 generated based on the cell ID (e.g., NID2 ∈ {0,1,2}). The PSS sequence is a generator polynomial x(i+7)={(x(i+4)+x(i))mod 2} and m={(n+43 *NID2) mod 127} as d_PSS(n)=1-2x(m), where 0≦n<127. The WTRU may expect to receive the PSS sequence in one SS / PBCH block in the first symbol relative to the start of the SS / PBCH block in time and mapped through subcarrier numbers 56 through 182 relative to the start of the SS / PBCH block in frequency.

[0116] During cell search, the WTRU may use the synchronization raster to determine the frequency location of the SS / PBCH block (e.g., in the absence of explicit signaling of the SS / PBCH block). The WTRU may generate possible sequences for the PSS (e.g., all possible sequences) and then perform a corresponding correlation function to detect the strongest peak. If the correlation peak detection is successful, the WTRU may determine the respective PSS sequence and the corresponding cell ID (e.g., NID2).

[0117] In an example, the reference PSS sequence may be centered in frequency relative to the SS / PBCH block frequency allocation. If PSS detection is successful, the WTRU may determine a frequency offset (e.g., a primary frequency offset) relative to the center frequency of the carrier. The WTRU may estimate (e.g., via a timer) a synchronization time offset based on the detected PSS sequence. The WTRU may use the determined frequency and time offset (e.g., via a timer) for reception procedures and OFDM demodulation of the SS / PBCH block content (e.g., remaining content).

[0118] Hereinafter, the terms PSS, SS / PBCH block, SSS, PBCH, and PBCH DM-RS may be used interchangeably.

[0119] At higher frequency operation, the WTRU may need to support multiple waveforms. The waveforms may be based on OFDM modulation with or without transform precoding enabled. Transmission procedures where transform precoding is enabled may be used interchangeably with DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms, or SC-QAM waveforms. Transmission procedures where transform precoding is not enabled may be used interchangeably with CP-OFDM waveforms.

[0120] When operating at high frequencies, the WTRU may support multiple waveforms, and therefore, the WTRU may need to identify and support operating modes based on different waveforms during initial access.

[0121] Examples of modes of operation instructions based on PSS sequence generation are provided herein. One or more sequence generation sets may be used, defined, configured, or determined, and each sequence set may be associated with an operation mode.

[0122] The WTRU may perform (e.g., blind) detection based on different sequence sets during system acquisition. If the WTRU detects a PSS sequence based on a first sequence generation set, the WTRU may execute a first operation mode associated with the first sequence generation set. If the WTRU detects a PSS sequence based on a second sequence generation set, the WTRU may execute a second operation mode associated with the second sequence generation set, and so on.

[0123] The m-sequence may be used as one of a sequence generation set for PSS generation. If the WTRU identifies that the PSS sequence is generated based on an m-sequence set, the WTRU may determine to operate based on an operation mode associated with detection of the m-sequence for the PSS sequence (e.g., a transmission and / or reception procedure based on a CP-OFDM waveform).

[0124] The Zadoff-Chu sequences may be used as a set (e.g., as a separate set) for PSS sequence generation. If the WTRU identifies that the PSS sequences are generated based on the Zadoff-Chu sequence set, the WTRU may decide to operate based on an operating mode associated with detection of the Zadoff-Chu generated PSS (e.g., a transmission and / or reception procedure based on a DFT-S-OFDM waveform).

[0125] In an example, the Zadoff-Chu sequence for the PSS may be generated by d_PSS(n)=xu((n+C)mod 127), where 0≦n<127 and u is a pre-defined root sequence. xu is a generator polynomial that may be defined as xu(i)=exp(-jπi(i+1) / 127). The parameter C is C={(n+43 * NID2) mod 127}.

[0126] Examples of modes of operation indication based on PSS index, SS / PBCH block pattern, and synchronization raster are provided herein. The WTRU may identify one or more modes of operation based on the parameters and index used in the generation of the PSS sequence. Different ranges and / or thresholds for different parameters in the PSS sequence generation may be used, defined, set, or determined. A range and / or threshold may be mutually exclusive with respect to another range and / or threshold.

[0127] If detection of the PSS sequence during system acquisition is successful, the WTRU may determine parameters used in generating the PSS sequence. If the WTRU detects a PSS sequence generated based on parameters within a first range and / or threshold, the WTRU may execute a first mode of operation associated with the first range and / or threshold. If the WTRU detects a PSS sequence generated based on parameters within a second range and / or threshold, the WTRU may execute a second mode of operation associated with the second range and / or threshold, etc.

[0128] In an example, one or more values ​​for a cell id (e.g., NID2) may be used, defined, configured, or determined to generate a PSS sequence based on the m sequences, where the cell id (e.g., NID2) may be used to indicate an operation mode. If the WTRU determines that NID2 detected from the PSS sequence belongs to a first set of values, the WTRU may decide to operate based on a first operation mode. If the WTRU determines that NID2 detected from the PSS sequence belongs to a second set of values, the WTRU may decide to operate based on a second operation mode.

[0129] In an example, one or more values ​​for a root sequence and / or a cell id (e.g., NID2) may be used, defined, configured, or determined to generate a PSS sequence based on a Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the cell id (e.g., NID2) may be used to indicate an operation mode. If the WTRU determines that the detected root sequence from the PSS sequence and / or NID2 belongs to a first set of values, the WTRU may decide to operate based on a first operation mode. If the WTRU determines that the detected root sequence from the PSS sequence and / or NID2 belongs to a second set of values, the WTRU may decide to operate based on a second operation mode.

[0130] In an example, one or more synchronized raster sets may be used, defined, set, or determined, and each synchronized raster set (e.g., each of the synchronized raster sets) may be a subset of a channel raster. A synchronized raster set (e.g., two sets) may be used, defined, or set corresponding to a channel raster. One or more of the following may apply: a synchronization raster set may be mutually exclusive with respect to another synchronization raster set; a synchronization raster may be determined based on a step size that may be an integer multiple of a channel raster step size (e.g., a number of coefficients corresponding to a synchronization raster set may be different from a number of coefficients corresponding to another synchronization raster set); a synchronization raster may be determined based on a starting offset corresponding to a channel raster, and a starting offset corresponding to a synchronization raster set may be different from a starting offset corresponding to another synchronization raster set; a first RF reference frequency may be used for the first synchronization raster set and a second RF reference frequency may be used for the second synchronization raster set (e.g., the first RF reference frequency may be mutually exclusive with respect to the second RF reference frequency); or the number of synchronization raster sets used for an operating band may be determined based on a frequency band, a duplex mode (e.g., TDD or FDD), and / or a geographic location (e.g., country, zone, zone identification).

[0131] One or more synchronous raster sets may be used, and each synchronous raster set (e.g., each synchronous raster set) may be associated with an operating mode. If the WTRU detects an SS / PBCH block or corresponding PSS in a first synchronous raster set, the WTRU may execute a first operating mode associated with the first synchronous raster set. If the WTRU detects a synchronization signal in a second synchronous raster set, the WTRU may execute a second operating mode associated with the second synchronous raster set, and so on.

[0132] One or more patterns for SS / PBCH blocks may be used, defined, configured, or determined. An SS / PBCH block pattern (e.g., each SS / PBCH block pattern) may be associated with an operating mode. In an example, an SS / PBCH block pattern may include a PSS sequence with a length greater than 127. There may be a time gap between a PSS and an SSS within the same SS / PBCH block. If the WTRU detects an SS / PBCH block or a corresponding PSS having a first SS / PBCH block pattern, the WTRU may execute a first operating mode associated with the first pattern. If the WTRU detects an SS / PBCH block or a corresponding PSS having a second SS / PBCH block pattern, the WTRU may execute a second operating mode associated with the second SS / PBCH block pattern, etc.

[0133] Examples of operation modes in hybrid waveform operation are provided herein. The operation modes may include one or more of the following: SSS reception, PBCH reception, SS / PBCH block (SSB) configuration, CORESET#0 configuration, Type-0 PDCCH search space monitoring, or transform precoding and / or waveform configuration.

[0134] For SSS reception, if the WTRU determines that the detected SS / PBCH blocks or PSS indicate a first mode of operation, the WTRU may detect or receive the respective SSS in the first mode of operation. If the WTRU determines that the detected SS / PBCH blocks or PSS indicate a second mode of operation, the WTRU may detect or receive the respective SSS in the second mode of operation. The reception procedures and / or demodulation for the SSS may differ based on the mode of operation. The set of sequences for the SSS may differ based on the mode of operation. The time and frequency allocation of the SSS may differ based on the mode of operation. The SSS-based channel estimation and the determination of the strongest received SSS may differ based on the mode of operation.

[0135] For PBCH reception, if the WTRU determines that the detected SS / PBCH blocks or PSS indicate a first mode of operation, the WTRU may detect or receive the respective PBCH in the first mode of operation. If the WTRU determines that the detected SS / PBCH blocks or PSS indicate a second mode of operation, the WTRU may detect or receive the respective PBCH in the second mode of operation. Reception procedures including equalization and / or demodulation for the PBCH may differ based on the mode of operation. Time and frequency allocations for the PBCH may differ based on the mode of operation. Reception procedures for the PBCH DM-RS may differ based on the mode of operation. The set of sequences for the PBCH DM-RS may differ based on the mode of operation. Time and frequency allocations for the PBCH DMRS may differ based on the mode of operation. Channel estimation based on the PBCH DM-RS, determination of the strongest PBCH DM-RS (e.g., based on the received SNR), and identification of the index of each PBCH DM-RS may differ based on the mode of operation.

[0136] For the SS / PBCH block (SSB) configuration, the time and frequency allocation for the SS / PBCH block may differ based on the operating mode. The reception procedures and / or demodulation for the SS / PBCH block may differ based on the operating mode. The WTRU may perform SS / PBCH block detection based on the operating mode that the WTRU determines from the detected PSS.

[0137] For the CORESET#0 configuration, the time and frequency allocation for CORESET#0 associated with the detected SS / PBCH block may differ based on the operating mode. This may include the multiplexing pattern, the number of resource blocks (RBs), the number of symbols, and an offset in the number of RBs. The reception procedures and / or demodulation for CORESET#0 may differ based on the operating mode. The WTRU may perform monitoring and CORESET#0 detection based on the operating mode that the WTRU determines from the detected PSS.

[0138] For Type-0 PDCCH search space monitoring, the time and frequency allocation for the Type-0 PDCCH search space associated with the detected SS / PBCH block may differ based on the operating mode. The reception procedures and / or demodulation for the Type-0 PDCCH search space may differ based on the operating mode. The WTRU may perform monitoring and Type-0 PDCCH detection based on the operating mode that the WTRU determines from the detected PSS.

[0139] In the case of transform precoding and / or waveform configuration, the WTRU may perform reception procedures assuming that transform precoding was enabled in the first mode of operation (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM). The WTRU may perform reception procedures assuming that transform precoding was not enabled in the second mode of operation (e.g., CP-OFDM).

[0140] One or more PSS sequence sets, synchronization raster sets, and / or SS / PBCH block configurations may be used, and the WTRU may determine at least one of the following based on the PSS: a synchronization set and / or SS / PBCH block that the WTRU received, detected, or determined for initial access, a waveform configuration, a transform precoding configuration, licensed or unlicensed spectrum, a PBCH type (e.g., what information is included in the PBCH), a duplex mode (e.g., TDD, FDD, or HD-FDD), a PRACH resource configuration, a system bandwidth range, a use case (e.g., sidelink, Uu, NTN, etc.), a maximum uplink transmit power, WTRU type restrictions, or support for certain features in the network (e.g., power saving, carrier aggregation, DRX, etc.). With respect to barring of WTRU types (e.g., barring access of a certain WTRU type), if the SSB is located within a first synchronization raster set, then a WTRU of the first type (e.g., a WTRU with limited capabilities including reduced Rx antennas, a smaller maximum supported bandwidth, a lower maximum transmit power) may not be allowed to access the cell. Otherwise, the WTRU of the first type may be allowed to access the cell.

[0141] Examples of slot-level dynamic switching between different waveforms (e.g., waveform types) are provided herein. Slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) for different waveform types (e.g., CP-OFDM, DFT-S-OFDM, or flexible) associated with a plurality of slots may be included. The slot format configuration (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate whether a particular waveform (e.g., a first waveform type or a second waveform type) is indicated for the slot, or whether the slot is indicated as flexible. In an example, a first waveform type associated with a first slot may be a CP-OFDM waveform, and a second waveform type associated with a second slot may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. In an example, a first waveform type associated with a first slot may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and a second waveform type associated with a second slot may be a CP-OFDM waveform. If the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the second slot may include (e.g., carry) initial access related signals, CORESET / SS, and / or RS for the CP-OFDM waveform. If the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the second slot may include (e.g., carry) initial access related signals, CORESET / SS, and / or RS for the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. Flexible slots may not carry signals for initial access and RS. The WTRU may determine the slot format (e.g., determine the waveform type associated with the slot) based on a dynamic indication, e.g., symbol-level dynamic switching (e.g., the slot format may be controlled at the symbol level rather than the slot level, e.g., indicating the number of symbols for the waveform type). Examples of waveform determination based on the indicated slot formats are provided herein.

[0142] Resources may be used interchangeably with one or more of channels, signals, and symbols.

[0143] Examples of slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) for dynamic waveform determination are provided herein. A WTRU may receive slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) for multiple waveform types associated with multiple slots (e.g., each slot may be indicated to be associated with a CP-OFDM waveform, a DFT-S-OFDM waveform, or may be indicated to be flexible with respect to waveform type). Based on the slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication), the WTRU may receive a dynamic indication of a waveform type for one or more resources. The slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may be based on (e.g., received via) one or more of the following: RRC configuration, MAC CE, or DCI (WTRU-specific DCI and / or group DCI).

[0144] 7-8 illustrate slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) associated with multiple waveforms associated with multiple slots (e.g., as shown, each slot may be indicated to be associated with a first waveform type, a second waveform type, or may be indicated to be flexible with respect to waveform type). For example, for a given slot, a particular waveform type may be indicated for the slot, or the slot may be indicated as flexible. In examples, the waveform type may include a CP-OFDM waveform or a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If a slot is indicated as flexible, the waveform type used for the slot may not be fixed, but may be chosen, for example, based on some conditions (e.g., conditions described herein, etc.).

[0145] The slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may indicate one or more of the following: a first waveform type is associated with the slot (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform associated with the first slot as shown in FIGS. 7-8), a second waveform type is associated with the slot (e.g., a new waveform associated with the third slot as shown in FIG. 7, or a DTF-s-OFDM waveform associated with the third slot as shown in FIG. 8), or the slot is indicated as flexible (e.g., the second slot as shown in FIG. 7). A slot indicated as flexible (e.g., the second slot as shown in FIG. 7) may be without signaling for initial access and RS. The WTRU may determine the waveform type associated with the flexible slot based on a dynamic indication (e.g., symbol-level dynamic switching) or a default waveform type (e.g., a predefined waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) or the waveform type used for initial access).

[0146] The WTRU may receive a PDCCH transmission in a first slot. If a first waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration as being associated with the first slot, the PDCCH may be received via a first waveform type. The first waveform type indicated for the first slot may be indicated as a CP-OFDM waveform (e.g., shown as "CP-OFDM" in FIG. 7). The WTRU may support one or more operations for a CP-OFDM waveform if the slot format indication indicates "CP-OFDM". The one or more slots associated with "CP-OFDM" may include one or more signals and channels (e.g., one or more of SS / PBCH, search space / CORESET, CSI-RS, PRACH resources, PUCCH resources, and SRS) associated with the CP-OFDM waveform. For one or more slots designated as a first waveform type (e.g., “CP-OFDM” as shown in FIG. 7), the WTRU may receive one or more channels and signals (e.g., PDCCH transmissions) by using the first waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) associated with the first slot and associated settings.

[0147] If the slot format configuration information received by the WTRU includes a dynamic indication associated with one or more waveform types, the WTRU may not apply the dynamically indicated waveform type to one or more slots indicated as a first particular waveform (e.g., “CP-OFDM” as shown in FIG. 7). If the slot format configuration information received by the WTRU includes a second waveform type associated with another slot for one or more channels and / or signals (e.g., a new waveform indication as shown in FIG. 7 or a DFT-s-OFDM waveform as shown in FIG. 8), the WTRU may transmit / receive the channel and / or signal by using the CP-OFDM waveform in one or more slots indicated as “CP-OFDM”.

[0148] The WTRU may support one or more operations for the new waveform if the slot format indication (as shown in FIG. 7) indicates a new waveform for a slot. One or more slots associated with the new waveform may include one or more signals and channels (e.g., one or more of SS / PBCH, search space / CORESET, CSI-RS, PRACH resources, PUCCH resources, and SRS) having one or more new waveforms (e.g., DFT-s-OFDM waveforms). For one or more slots indicated as a new waveform, the WTRU may receive one or more channels and signals by using the new waveform and associated configuration.

[0149] If the slot format configuration information received by the WTRU includes a dynamic indication of one or more waveform types, the WTRU may not apply the dynamically indicated waveform type to one or more slots indicated as a new waveform (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7). In an example, if the WTRU receives a new waveform indication for one or more channels and / or signals, the WTRU may transmit / receive the channels and / or signals by using the new waveform in one or more slots indicated as the new waveform. Multiple types of new waveforms may be used. For example, a DFT-s-OFDM waveform and an SC-QAM waveform (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8) may be used as a new waveform type.

[0150] With respect to flexible information, if the WTRU receives a dynamic indication of one or more waveform types (e.g., for one or more of resources, signals, and channels), the WTRU may apply one or more waveform types for the indicated one or more resources, channels, and signals in a slot indicated as "flexible." In an example, if a first slot is flexible, the WTRU may receive a PDCCH transmission using a preferred waveform type (e.g., an initial access waveform or a default waveform). In an example, if a second slot is flexible, the WTRU may receive a PDSCH transmission of the indicated waveform type. For one or more channels and / or signals, the WTRU may transmit / receive the channel and / or signal by using the waveform type indicated in the slot indicated as "flexible."

[0151] The slot format configuration information (e.g., slot format indication) may be based on a bitmap or an indication of preconfigured resource types. For a bitmap, the WTRU may receive an indication of one or more waveform types with the bitmap. In an example, a codepoint (e.g., each codepoint) for a slot may indicate one of "CP-OFDM", "new waveform", and "flexible" (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7). For an indication of preconfigured resource types, the WTRU may be configured with one or more groups of waveform types. The waveform type (e.g., each waveform type) may indicate the waveform type for the slot. Based on the one or more groups, the WTRU may receive an indication of the group for operation.

[0152] Examples of dynamic resource level switching between different waveforms are provided herein. The WTRU may receive an indication of dynamic resource level switching. The WTRU may receive the indication by receiving one of an RRC configuration, a MAC CE, or a DCI. The indication may be based on an explicit indication or an implicit indication.

[0153] In the case of an explicit indication, a field may indicate a waveform type (e.g., indicated waveform type) for one or more resources. A field of a group DCI or MAC CE signaling may indicate a waveform type (e.g., indicated waveform type) for one or more resources. In an example, a WTRU may receive a waveform type indication for one or more CORESETs, search spaces, PUCCH resources, and PRACH resources. A field of a WTRU-specific DCI may indicate a waveform type (e.g., indicated waveform type) for one or more resources. In an example, a WTRU may receive a waveform type indication (e.g., indicated waveform type) for one or more signals and / or channels based on a DL / UL scheduling DCI (e.g., a DCI scheduling a PDSCH transmission). A WTRU may receive a waveform type indicator (e.g., indicated waveform type) via a PDCCH transmission that includes a DCI scheduling one or more PDSCH / PUSCH transmissions. The WTRU may apply the indicated waveform type (which may be, for example, one of the first waveform type or the second waveform type) to one or more PDSCH / PUSCH transmissions (e.g., for receiving a PDSCH transmission). The MAC CE may signal whether an explicit indication is included in the DCI.

[0154] In the case of an implicit indication, the waveform type may be indicated by using other indication fields, including one or more of the TCI state, radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), FDRA, TDRA, or MCS.

[0155] In the case of a TCI state, the WTRU may be configured with one or more TCI states, and the TCI state (e.g., each TCI state) may include a waveform type configuration. The WTRU may receive an indication of one or more TCI states for transmitting / receiving one or more signals / channels. Based on the indicated one or more TCI states, the WTRU may determine an associated waveform type for transmitting / receiving one or more signals / channels. If the number of TCI states is greater than one, one (e.g., only one) of the indicated TCI states may include a waveform type. If the number of TCI states is greater than one and multiple TCI states indicate a waveform type, the WTRU may apply one of the waveform types to transmit / receive one or more signals / channels. In an example, the WTRU may apply the waveform type of the first TCI state.

[0156] For the RNTI, the WTRU may receive a waveform type indication based on the RNTI. If the scheduling PDCCH is scrambled with the first RNTI, the WTRU may transmit / receive one or more channels / signals using a first waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform). If the scheduling PDCCH is scrambled with the second RNTI, the WTRU may transmit / receive one or more channels / signals using a second waveform type (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform).

[0157] For FDRA, the WTRU may receive a waveform type indication based on the indicated frequency resources. If the WTRU receives an indication of a first set of frequency resources, the WTRU may decide to use a first waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform). If the WTRU receives an indication of a second set of frequency resources, the WTRU may decide to use a second waveform type (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform). The first and second sets of frequency resources may be predefined, configured by the RRC, or signaled by the MAC CE.

[0158] For TDRA, the WTRU may be configured with one or more sets of CORESET. One or more TDRAs (e.g., each TDRA) may include one or more of a slot offset, a start and length indicator (SLIV), a start symbol S, an allocation length L, a channel mapping type, a repetition number, and a waveform type configuration. The WTRU may receive an indication of one or more TDRAs to transmit / receive one or more signals / channels. Based on the indicated one or more TDRAs, the WTRU may determine an associated waveform type for transmitting / receiving one or more signals / channels. If the number of TDRAs is greater than one, one (e.g., only one) of the indicated TDRAs may include a waveform type. If the number of TDRA states is greater than one and multiple TCIs indicate a waveform type, the WTRU may apply one of the waveform types to transmit / receive one or more signals / channels. In an example, the WTRU may apply the waveform type of the first TDRA (e.g., for a single TRP). If the number of TCI states is greater than one and multiple TDRAs indicate a waveform type, the WTRU may apply a waveform type (e.g., each waveform type) of a TDRA (e.g., each TDRA) to transmit / receive a signal / channel associated with the TDRA. In an example, the WTRU may apply a first waveform type of a first TDRA to a first PDSCH / PUSCH and a second waveform type of a second TDRA to a second PDSCH / PUSCH (e.g., for multiple TRPs).

[0159] For MCS, the WTRU may receive a waveform type indication based on the indicated MCS. If the WTRU receives an MCS greater than a threshold, the WTRU may decide to use a first waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform). If the WTRU receives an MCS less than (or equal to) the threshold, the WTRU may decide to use a second waveform type (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform). If the number of MCSs is greater than one, the WTRU may determine the MCS based on one of the MCSs. In an example, the WTRU may use the first MCS to determine the waveform type. The WTRU may determine the MCS based on multiple MCSs. In an example, the WTRU may use an average value of multiple MCSs. The threshold may be predefined and set in one or more of the RRC, MAC CE, and DCI.

[0160] Examples of dynamic switching of BWP levels between different waveforms are provided herein. Waveform configuration / determination for the BWP may be included. One or more waveforms may be configured for BWP transmission. The one or more waveforms may include, but are not limited to, CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, clustered DFT-s-OFDM, Nx SC-FDMA, filtered OFDM, etc. A first waveform may be used, configured, or determined for the first BWP, and a second waveform may be used, configured, or determined for the second BWP. If the WTRU receives one or more downlink channels and / or signals (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, SS / PBCH, reference signals) in the BWP, the WTRU may receive one or more downlink channels and / or signals in the BWP using the determined waveform for the BWP. One or more of the following may be applied: one or more downlink channel and / or signal types, structures, schemes that may be determined based on the configured waveform, or the WTRU may attempt to receive, monitor, or decode a first type of downlink channel and / or signal type associated with a first waveform in the BWP (e.g., associated with, configured for, or determined for the BWP).

[0161] For the type, structure, scheme of one or more downlink channels and / or signals, which may be determined based on the configured waveform, a first PDCCH type may be associated with a first waveform, and a second PDCCH type may be associated with a second waveform. The REG or CCE structure may differ based on the associated waveform. The REG and / or CCE structure may be determined based on at least one of a data RE location, a reference signal location, a REG to CCE mapping, or a REG bundling. The first PDSCH type may be associated with a first waveform, and a second PDSCH type may be associated with a second waveform. The DMRS structure may differ based on the associated waveform. The DMRS structure may be determined based on at least one of a DMRS time / frequency location within a PDSCH resource, whether the data RE and the DM-RS RE are located in the same OFDM symbol, or a sequence type (e.g., Zadoff-Chu, m-sequence, Gold sequence) used for the DMRS. A set of resource allocation types may be used or supported for a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) and a subset of resource allocation types may be used or supported for a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform). The WTRU may determine the resource allocation type (e.g., contiguous allocation, RBG-based allocation) based on the associated (or configured) waveform for the active BWP.

[0162] A waveform for the BWP may be determined (e.g., implicitly determined) based on one or more characteristics of the BWP. The one or more characteristics may include at least one of subcarrier spacing, bandwidth, number of RBs, BWP identity, whether the BWP includes an SSB, and whether the BWP includes a cell-defined SSB. The WTRU may determine a first waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform) for the BWP if the bandwidth (or number of RBs) for the BWP is greater than a threshold. The WTRU may determine (e.g., otherwise determine) a second waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) for the BWP. If the BWP is greater than a threshold, a single-carrier based waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, a clustered DFT-s-OFDM waveform, an Nx SC-FDMA waveform) may be used to lower the PAPR. Otherwise, a multi-carrier based waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) may be used to increase spectral efficiency. The WTRU may determine a first waveform (e.g., a single-carrier based waveform) for an initial BWP (or a default BWP) to reduce the PAPR and support better coverage. The WTRU may determine a second waveform for another BWP based on at least one of the BWP properties and / or higher layer configurations.

[0163] Examples of BWP switching with different waveforms are provided herein. The WTRU may be instructed to switch the BWP from a first BWP (e.g., a serving BWP) to a second BWP (e.g., a target BWP) for DL ​​signal reception and / or UL signal transmission. The first BWP and the second BWP may be associated with the same waveform or different waveforms. One or more of the following may apply: a switching gap (e.g., a BWP switching gap) length may be determined based on whether the waveforms are the same (e.g., the first switching gap may be used when the first and second BWPs are associated with the same waveform and the second switching gap may be used when the first and second BWPs are associated with different waveforms); a DCI triggering the BWP switching may include associated waveform information for the target BWP (e.g., an explicit bit field in the DCI may indicate the waveform or the scheduling information may implicitly indicate the waveform). For example, if the MCS level indication for PDSCH scheduling in the target BWP is below a threshold, a first waveform (e.g., a single-carrier based waveform) may be used or determined for the BWP, otherwise a second waveform (e.g., a multi-carrier based waveform) may be used or determined for the BWP, or the Frequency Domain Resource Allocation (FDRA) field in the DCI that triggers the BWP switch may be reinterpreted as the resource allocation type associated with the target BWP if the first and second waveforms are different.

[0164] An example of scheduling parameter set determination based on BWP is provided herein. A WTRU may be scheduled to receive one or more downlink channels and / or signals in a BWP, and one or more scheduling parameter sets used in the BWP may be determined based on an associated waveform used for the BWP. The scheduling parameter sets may include, but are not limited to, an MCS level, a modulation order, a minimum / maximum scheduling bandwidth, a DMRS density, a DMRS pattern, a frequency resource allocation type, a time resource allocation type, a repetition number, a slot aggregation number, a slot number for TBMS configuration, and a slot length.

[0165] A first set of scheduling parameters may be used for a BWP with a first waveform (e.g., a single-carrier based waveform), and a second set of scheduling parameters may be used for a BWP with a second waveform (e.g., a multi-carrier based waveform). The first set of scheduling parameters may include a first subset of modulation orders (e.g., BPSK, QPSK), and the second set of scheduling parameters may include a second subset of modulation orders (e.g., 16QAM, and 64 QAM). The first set of scheduling parameters may include a first subset of resource allocation types (e.g., Type-1), and the second set of scheduling parameters may include a second subset of resource allocation types (e.g., Type-0 and Type-1). Type-0 resource allocation may use resource block group (RBG) based resource allocation, and Type-1 resource allocation may use contiguous resource allocation in the frequency domain. When the WTRU is within an active BWP associated with a first waveform, the WTRU may expect to receive a PDSCH having one of the modulation orders (or MCS) in the subset associated with the BWP (or waveform).

[0166] Examples of WTRU operations based on the determined waveforms are provided herein. The WTRU may transmit / receive one or more of the one or more signals and channels applying one or more of the following operations: different CORESET / search space structure, PDSCH reception, collision handling, PUSCH transmission, RS transmission, or different SCS.

[0167] For different CORESET / search space structures, the WTRU may assume different CORESET / search space structures for blind detection of the PDCCH. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may assume resource element groups (REGs) in a symbol with frequency domain multiplexed (FDMed) control information and PDCCH DM-RS. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may assume REGs in two or more symbols with time domain multiplexed (TDMed) control information and PDCCH DM-RS. The WTRU may assume parameters for CORESET / search space construction. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may assume first parameters for CORESET / search space construction. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may assume second parameters for CORESET / search space construction. The parameters may be one or more of the following: number of REGs per CCE, minimum and / or maximum duration of CORESET, or number of REs per REG (e.g., 6 or 12). The WTRU may apply the determined waveform for the control information of the PDCCH. If the WTRU detects a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may detect the PDCCH without applying IDFT (e.g., blindly detect). If the WTRU detects a second waveform (e.g., a new waveform), the WTRU may apply IDFT before PDCCH detection.

[0168] The WTRU may receive the PDSCH transmission(s) in the second slot. For receiving the PDSCH transmission(s), the WTRU may receive a set of configurations for decoding the PDSCH transmission(s), where the WTRU may receive a set of configurations for a first waveform type associated with the first slot and a set of configurations for a second waveform type associated with the second slot. In an example, the first waveform type associated with the first slot may be a CP-OFDM waveform and the second waveform type associated with the second slot may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. In another example, the first waveform type associated with the first slot may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform and the second waveform type associated with the second slot may be a CP-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply the set of configurations associated with the second waveform type (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) to decode the PDSCH transmission(s). The set of configurations for decoding the PDSCH transmission(s) (e.g., when the second waveform type is a CP-OFDM waveform) may include one or more of a DMRS configuration (e.g., a DMRS pattern) associated with the CP-OFDM waveform, a PDSCH mapping type associated with the CP-OFDM waveform, a precoding resource block group (PRG) configuration associated with the CP-OFDM waveform, or a rate-matching configuration associated with the CP-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply the set of configurations for decoding the PDSCH transmission(s). The set of settings for decoding the (multiple) PDSCH transmissions (e.g., when the second waveform type is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform) may include one or more of a DMRS setting (e.g., a DMRS pattern) associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, a PDSCH mapping type associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, a PRG setting associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, or a rate matching setting associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

[0169] For a DMRS configuration (e.g., DMRS pattern), if the WTRU determines that a second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a set of DMRS configurations (e.g., DMRS patterns) associated with the CP-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that a second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a set of DMRS configurations (e.g., DMRS patterns) associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that a second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a DMRS type based on the gNB configuration. If the WTRU determines that a second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a fixed DMRS type (e.g., Type 1 DMRS).

[0170] With respect to PRG configuration, if the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a set of PRG configurations (e.g., candidates) associated with the CP-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a set of PRG configurations (e.g., candidates) associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. The WTRU may receive an indication of a PRG configuration of the determined set of PRG configurations (e.g., candidates) for PDSCH reception. In an example, if the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a PRG based on a gNB configuration (e.g., via RRC) and / or an indication (e.g., via DCI). In an example, if the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply a fixed PRG (e.g., wideband).

[0171] For rate matching configuration, if the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply the set of rate matching configurations (e.g., resources) associated with the CP-OFDM waveform. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second set is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply the set of rate matching configurations (e.g., resources) associated with the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. The WTRU may apply a different rate match pattern type based on the determined second waveform type. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may receive a rate matching indication indicating a bitmap of resource blocks (e.g., within one slot or two slots), periodicity / pattern, CORESET, and SCS. If the WTRU determines that the second waveform type is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may receive a rate-matching indication indicating one or more symbols, periodicity / pattern, CORESET, and SCS for rate matching (e.g., in one slot or two slots). The WTRU may apply the determined second waveform type to decode the PDSCH transmission(s). If the determined second waveform type associated with the second slot is a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may decode the PDSCH transmission(s) without applying an IDFT. If the determined second waveform type associated with the second slot is a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may apply an IDFT before decoding the PDSCH transmission(s).

[0172] For collision handling, the WTRU may determine a priority between dynamically scheduled PDSCH and semi-statically configured PUSCH. The WTRU may transmit / receive PDSCH or PUSCH with higher priority and ignore PDSCH or PUSCH with lower priority. The priority order may be as follows: configured granted (semi-static) channel with DFT-s-OFDM waveform>dynamically granted channel with (DFT-s-OFDM waveform)>configured granted (semi-static) channel with CP-OFDM waveform>dynamically granted channel with CP-OFDM waveform.

[0173] For a (multiple) PUSCH transmission, the WTRU may receive a set of configurations for transmitting the PUSCH. The WTRU may receive a first set of configurations for a first waveform and a second set of configurations for a second waveform. If the WTRU determines the first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply the first set of configurations. If the WTRU determines the second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply the second set of configurations. The configurations may include one or more of the following configurations: a DMRS configuration, a PUSCH mapping type configuration, or a PRG configuration.

[0174] With regard to DMRS configuration, if the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a first set of DMRS configurations. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a second set of DMRS configurations. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a DMRS type based on the gNB configuration. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a fixed DMRS type (e.g., Type 1 DMRS).

[0175] For a PRG configuration, if the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a first set of PRG candidates. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a second set of PRG candidates. The WTRU may receive an indication of a PRG among the determined PRG candidates for the PUSCH transmission. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a PRG based on a gNB configuration (e.g., via RRC) and / or an indication (e.g., via DCI). If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a fixed PRG (e.g., wideband).

[0176] For RS transmission, the WTRU may include a set of configurations for transmitting / receiving the rate-matching RS. The WTRU may apply a first set of configurations for a first waveform and a second set of configurations for a second waveform. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a first set of configurations for transmitting / receiving the rate-matching RS. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a second set of configurations associated with the second waveform type (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform) for transmitting / receiving the rate-matching RS. The configurations may include one or more of the following settings: RS density, periodicity and offset, power control offset, QCL information, resource mapping, scrambling ID, CDM type, density, time domain allocation, frequency band (wideband or subband), frequency domain allocation, or number of ports. The WTRU may apply different resource mapping pattern types based on the determined waveform. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may receive a resource mapping pattern indicating one or more bitmaps of resource blocks or one or more CDM (e.g., in a slot). If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may receive a resource mapping pattern indicating one or more comb patterns (e.g., in a slot). If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a CDM type based on the gNB configuration (e.g., based on the CDM type). If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may apply a fixed DMRS type (e.g., no CDM).

[0177] In the case of different SCSs, the WTRU may determine the SCS based on the determined waveform type. If the WTRU determines a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may use the first SCS (e.g., 120 kHz) for its operation. If the WTRU determines a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-s-OFDM waveform), the WTRU may use the second SCS (e.g., 480 kHz or 960 kHz) for its operation.

[0178] Examples of waveform prioritization for PDCCH decoding are provided herein. When operating at high frequencies, the WTRU may support multiple waveforms and slot-level dynamic switching between different waveforms. Thus, the WTRU may prioritize (e.g., may need to prioritize) waveform reception during PDCCH decoding.

[0179] The WTRU may be configured with one or more waveforms for a slot, which may include, but are not limited to, DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc. In an example, a first waveform may be used, configured, or determined for a first slot, and a second waveform may be used, configured, or determined for a second slot.

[0180] The WTRU may perform a reception procedure based on a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) having a higher priority first. If decoding of the PDCCH is successful (e.g., based on the CRC), the WTRU may continue the reception procedure corresponding to the first waveform to demodulate the content of the respective slot (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, SS / PBCH blocks, reference signals). If reception based on the first waveform is not successful (e.g., the CRC is not valid), the WTRU may perform a reception procedure based on a second waveform (e.g., a DFT-S-OFDM waveform), and so on.

[0181] During the reception procedure, there may be one or more actions that may be the same for different waveforms. If detection of the waveform with a first priority is successful, the WTRU may start detection of the second waveform (e.g., during the process of detection of the first waveform while skipping steps already accomplished for the received signal). The WTRU may skip actions similar to those for the first waveform, and the WTRU may start with detection of the second waveform starting with an action different from the first waveform.

[0182] The WTRU may determine that the procedures corresponding to cyclic prefix (CP) removal, DFT demodulation, and / or subcarrier demapping are the same for both the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform. If the detection of the first waveform is based on CP-OFDM and is unsuccessful, the WTRU may no longer go through similar steps and may pick up the process from the steps achieved in a DFT-S-OFDM waveform that is different from the CP-OFDM waveform.

[0183] The prioritization of the waveforms may be determined based on one or more of the following: an implicit indication, an explicit indication, or WTRU capabilities and prioritization.

[0184] In the case of an implicit indication, the WTRU may implicitly assume or determine the same prioritization as the SS / PBCH block received during initial access. The WTRU may expect that the waveform used in the SS / PBCH block transmission is the one with the first priority. The WTRU may determine that the waveform configured for the previous slot may be considered as the waveform with the first priority. If a waveform is configured, the WTRU may consider that waveform as the first priority during blind detection.

[0185] The explicit indication may be one or more of a pre-configuration, a dynamic indication, or a system information block (SIB). For a pre-configuration, the WTRU may determine a (pre-)configured / default prioritization for waveform transmissions. The WTRU may consider the pre-configured and / or default prioritization for the reception procedure (e.g., unless explicitly indicated). In an example, the WTRU may receive PDCCH transmission(s) using a prioritized waveform type (e.g., an initial access waveform type or a default waveform) if the first slot is flexible. For a dynamic indication, the WTRU may receive one or more activations (e.g., via MAC CE) of a waveform prioritization mode that is semi-statically configured (e.g., via RRC). Based on the prioritization, the WTRU may receive one or more indications of the waveform prioritization mode (e.g., via DCI). For a SIB, the WTRU may receive one or more indications of the waveform prioritization mode based on decoding one or more SIBs.

[0186] In the case of WTRU capabilities and prioritization, the WTRU may determine the prioritization of waveforms based on the mode that was defined by the WTRU and the priority reported to the Node B. The WTRU may determine the prioritization of waveforms based on WTRU capabilities, processing time, etc.

[0187] One or more processing times may be used, defined, configured, or determined, and the processing times (e.g., each processing time) may be associated with a prioritization mode of the waveform. The WTRU may be configured with a first processing time for waveforms having a first prioritization, a second processing time for waveforms having a second prioritization, etc.

[0188] The processing time may be set based on one or more of the following: the first processing time may be different from the second processing time (e.g., the second processing time may be longer than the first processing time), the processing time may be set (e.g., exclusively) using higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC), via MAC-CE, and / or via DCI, or the processing time may be set based on a time difference (e.g., using a δ value) relative to the first processing time or a reference processing time. The reference processing time (e.g., ProcessingTime_ref) may be set dynamically or semi-statically. The reference processing time may be the same as the processing time required for a waveform with a first prioritization. The difference in processing time for waveforms with different priorities may be set as a δ value based on the reference processing time. For example, the δ processing time for a waveform with a first prioritization may be set as ProcessingTime_Pr1=delta_1+ProcessingTime_ref (delta_1 may be equal to or greater than 0).

[0189] Examples of CSI reporting for multiple waveforms are provided herein. In examples, the WTRU may be configured to derive a CSI report assuming that the PDSCH is transmitted using a waveform and / or assuming that the PDSCH is transmitted using DFT precoding (or not). Such assumptions may be referred to as "waveform assumptions."

[0190] The determination of the waveform assumption may be explicit by RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. The WTRU may determine the waveform assumption applicable to the CSI report based on RRC signaling. In an example, the waveform assumption may be signaled as part of the CSI reporting configuration. The WTRU may determine the waveform assumption from a DCI field such as an aperiodic CSI trigger field (e.g., for aperiodic CSI or semi-persistent CSI on PUSCH) or from the MAC CE field (e.g., for semi-persistent CSI on PUCCH).

[0191] The determination of the waveform assumption may be implicit based on the CSI reference resource, the CSI-RS resource, the latest slot, or the current waveform. The WTRU may assume that the waveform is implicitly determined from at least one of the following: the waveform used to transmit the PDSCH in the CSI reference resource, the waveform used to transmit the CSI-RS resource used to derive the CSI report, the waveform used in the downlink slot preceding (e.g., immediately before or N slots before) the slot (or subslot) in which the CSI report is transmitted, or the waveform indicated as the current waveform from RRC or MAC CE signaling. The WTRU may determine the waveform used in the slot or for transmission based on one of the examples described herein. In an example, the WTRU may determine the waveform in the CSI reference resource from a group DCI (slot format indication).

[0192] The CSI-RS waveform may differ from the CSI reporting waveform assumption. The WTRU may measure at least one CSI-RS transmission using a first waveform (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform) and report the CSI under the assumption of a second waveform (e.g., a DFTS-OFDM waveform). The WTRU may derive the CSI assuming that the PDSCH is transmitted with a power offset compared to the transmit power of the CSI-RS. The power offset may depend on the first and second waveforms. If the WTRU reports the CSI assuming that the PDSCH is transmitted using a DFTS-OFDM waveform and measures the CSI-RS transmitted using a CP-OFDM waveform, the WTRU may assume that the PDSCH is transmitted X dB higher than the CSI-RS. The power offset X may depend on the bandwidth of the applicable CSI quantity, including whether the CSI is reported for a subband or for the entire CSI reporting band (wideband granularity). The power offset X for a given bandwidth may be predefined and signaled by the RRC, MAC CE, or DCI (eg, as part of the CSI report confirmation).

[0193] The CSI reporting configuration may depend on the waveform assumption. The WTRU may apply the first (or second) CSI reporting configuration parameters when reporting CSI for the first (or second) waveform assumption. The CSI reporting configuration parameters may include at least one of the following: frequency granularity for CQI or PMI (e.g., between wideband or subband), number of bits for subband CQI, report number configuration such as CRI / RI / PMI / CQI or CRI / RI / CQI, CSI reporting band configuration, subband size, CQI table, codebook configuration including codebook subset restriction, or power offset between CSI-RS and SSB or CSI-RS and PDSCH. At least one of the above parameters may be indicated by the MAC CE or DCI.

[0194] If the WTRU determines that the waveform assumption is DFTS-OFDM, it may report CSI with wideband granularity. If the WTRU determines that the waveform assumption is CP-OFDM, it may report CSI with subband granularity. If the WTRU determines that the waveform assumption is DFTS-OFDM, it may report CSI with codebook subset restriction that includes (e.g., only includes) codebooks with rank 1.

[0195] The CSI type may include a recommended waveform. The WTRU may derive CSI for a set of possible waveform assumptions (e.g., each of a set of possible waveform assumptions) and report a recommended waveform and its associated CSI. The recommended waveform may be a waveform that maximizes the RI or CQI (e.g., for the same RI) if the CSI is derived from the waveform. If the CQI has subband granularity for the waveform, the maximum CQI among the subbands may be utilized for comparison. The WTRU may derive CSI (e.g., first) under the assumption that the waveform is CP-OFDM and determine the CQI using the subband granularity. The WTRU may derive CSI under the assumption that the waveform is DFTS-OFDM and determine the CQI using wideband granularity (e.g., can then derive CSI). If the RIs are equal, the WTRU may report DFTS-OFDM as the recommended waveform if the corresponding CQI is greater than the maximum CQI for the CSI derived using the CP-OFDM waveform assumption. Otherwise, the WTRU may report CP-OFDM as the recommended waveform.

[0196] Although the above features and elements are described in particular combinations, each feature or element may be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments, or may be used in various combinations with or without the other features and elements.

[0197] It will be appreciated that while the implementations described herein may take into account 3GPP-specific protocols, the implementations described herein are not limited to this scenario and may be applicable to other wireless systems. For example, while the solutions described herein take into account LTE, LTE-A, New Radio (NR), or 5G-specific protocols, it will be appreciated that the solutions described herein are not limited to this scenario and may also be applicable to other wireless systems.

[0198] The above-described processes may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted over wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as, but not limited to, internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and / or optical media such as Compact Disc (CD)-ROM disks, and / or Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, and / or any host computer.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving slot format configuration information indicating whether a first slot has a first waveform type associated with the first slot or is flexible, and whether a second slot has a second waveform type associated with the second slot or is flexible; receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in the first slot, the PDCCH transmission being received via a waveform of a preferred waveform type based on the first slot being indicated as flexible in the slot format configuration information, or via a waveform of a first waveform type based on the first waveform type being indicated as associated with the first slot in the slot format configuration information, the PDCCH transmission including downlink control information (DCI) scheduling a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission and indicating an indicated waveform type associated with reception of the PDSCH transmission; receiving the PDSCH transmission in the second slot, the PDSCH transmission being received via a waveform of the indicated waveform type based on the second slot being flexible, or via a waveform of the second waveform type based on the second waveform type being indicated as associated with the second slot in the slot format configuration information; A processor configured to A WTRU comprising:

2. the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot; 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot is designated as being a Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform.

3. 3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the second slot carries at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

4. 3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to apply an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) before decoding the PDSCH transmission based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated as a DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

5. the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot; 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot is designated as being a cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the second slot carries at least one of an initial access related signal, a CORESET / SS, or a reference signal for the CP-OFDM waveform.

7. 6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to decode the PDSCH transmission without applying an IDFT based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated as a CP-OFDM waveform.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the waveform of the indicated waveform type for receiving the PDSCH transmission is one of the first waveform type or the second waveform type.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the waveform of the preferred waveform type is an initial access waveform or a default waveform.

10. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the slot format configuration information is received via one or more of an RRC configuration, a MAC-CE, or a WTRU-specific DCI.

11. 1. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving slot format configuration information indicating whether a first slot has a first waveform type associated with the first slot or is flexible, and whether a second slot has a second waveform type associated with the second slot or is flexible; receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in the first slot, the PDCCH transmission being received via a waveform of a preferred waveform type based on the first slot being indicated as flexible in the slot format configuration information, or via a waveform of a first waveform type based on the first waveform type being indicated as associated with the first slot in the slot format configuration information, the PDCCH transmission including downlink control information (DCI) scheduling a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission and indicating an indicated waveform type associated with reception of the PDSCH transmission; receiving the PDSCH transmission in the second slot, wherein the PDSCH transmission is received via a waveform of the indicated waveform type based on the second slot being flexible, or via a waveform of the second waveform type based on the second waveform type being indicated as associated with the second slot in the slot format configuration information; A method comprising:

12. the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot; 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot is designated as being a Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform.

13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second slot carries at least one of an initial access related signal, a configurable control resource set (CORESET) / synchronization signal (SS), or a reference signal for the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

14. 13. The method of claim 12, based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated as a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the method further comprising applying an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) before decoding the PDSCH transmission.

15. the second waveform type is indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot; 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot is designated as being a cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second slot carries at least one of an initial access related signal, a CORESET / SS, or a reference signal for the CP-OFDM waveform.

17. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising decoding the PDSCH transmission without applying an IDFT based on the second waveform type being indicated in the slot format configuration information as being associated with the second slot and the waveform of the second waveform type associated with the second slot being indicated as a CP-OFDM waveform.

18. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the waveform of the indicated waveform type for receiving the PDSCH transmission is one of the first waveform type or the second waveform type.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the waveform of the preferred waveform type is an initial access waveform or a default waveform.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the slot format configuration information is received via one or more of an RRC configuration, a MAC-CE, or a WTRU-specific DCI.

21. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving slot format setting information; receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in a first slot, the PDCCH transmission including downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission; receiving the PDSCH transmission in a second slot; A processor configured to A WTRU comprising:

22. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: Transmitting initial access related signals for Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) and Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveforms, the initial access related signals including at least one of a Zadoff-Chu signal-based Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a PRACH resource, a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) having an m-sequence for the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the DFT-S-OFDM-based initial access waveform, a PBCH having a DFT-S-OFDM waveform, a CORESET structure including CORESET#0, or MSG3 in the DFT-S-OFDM waveform; determining a DFT-S-OFDM based initial access based on the detection of the Zadoff-Chu signal based PSS; determining a waveform based on the selection of the PRACH resource and reporting the determined waveform; A processor configured to A WTRU comprising:

23. 23. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the transmission of the initial access related signals for the DFT-S-OFDM waveform and the CP-OFDM waveform is based on one or more of a carrier frequency, a frequency band, or a subcarrier spacing.

Images