Piping system

Abstract

To provide a piping system that can improve a flow rate while enabling downsizing.SOLUTION: A piping system 1 for conveying a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4,000 or higher, comprises: a plurality of straight pipe sections (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7); one or more joints (bending pipes 5-1, 5-2) connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7) to each other; and one or more projecting members 6-1 to 6-4 that partially reduce a cross-sectional area of a flow path of one or more corresponding straight pipe sections (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7), which are inside of the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7) inside of the plurality of straight pipe sections (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to piping systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon gutter system. The siphon gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a siphon generating section that includes a cylindrical section penetrating a water collection port formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter and generates a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed downstream of the siphon gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe section and receiving ports provided on both ends of the curved pipe section. When viewed in a cross section on a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe section, the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side is greater than 64 mm and smaller than 100 mm. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-120068 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is expected to improve the flow rate, but the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a piping system that can improve flow rate while allowing for compactness. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A piping system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, and includes a plurality of straight pipe sections, one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other, and one or more protrusion members located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections of the plurality of straight pipe sections and partially reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections. Effect of the Invention

[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure can improve flow rates while allowing for compactness. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a piping member of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a piping member according to a first embodiment; [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a piping member according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 5] Cross section of line AA in Figure 4 [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a piping member according to a first embodiment, in which a part of the piping member is cut away. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a piping member according to a first embodiment; [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a piping member according to a first embodiment; [Figure 9] Cross section of line IX-IX in Figure 5 [Figure 10] Cross-sectional view of line XX in Figure 5 [Figure 11] Cross-sectional view of line XI-XI in Figure 5 [Figure 12] Sectional view of line XII-XII in Figure 5 [Figure 13] Cross-sectional view of line XIII-XIII in Figure 5 [Figure 14] 1 is a diagram showing a simulation of pressure distribution in a piping member of a comparative example; [Figure 15] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a second embodiment. [Figure 16]Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a third embodiment. [Figure 17] Sectional view of line AA in Figure 16 [Figure 18] Cross section of line BB in Figure 17 [Figure 19] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 20] Sectional view of line AA in Figure 19 [Figure 21] Cross section of line BB in Figure 20 [Figure 22] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 23] Sectional view of line AA in Figure 22 [Figure 24] Cross section of line BB in Figure 23 [Diagram 25] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 26] Sectional view of line AA in Figure 25 [Figure 27] Cross section of line BB in Figure 26 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] [1. Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings in some cases. However, the following embodiments are examples for explaining the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the following contents (e.g., the shape, dimensions, arrangement, etc. of each component). Positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Each figure described in the following embodiments is a schematic diagram, and the size and thickness ratios of each component in each figure do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Furthermore, the dimensional ratios of each element are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0010] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are added to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from one another by the symbols added to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of readability of the text.

[0011] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are added to the symbols of the components. However, when it is not necessary to distinguish between multiple components, the suffixes "-1" and "-2" may be omitted in consideration of readability of the text.

[0012] [1.1 First embodiment] [1.1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1 according to a first embodiment. The piping system 1 is for transporting a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. A fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more is said to be a fluid whose flow in a cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of the fluid include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, wastewater, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flow (a mixture of liquid and gas). In this embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a rain gutter system that receives rainwater from a roof 11a of a building 11 and drains it into a manhole 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 forms a flow path for rainwater. The rainwater collected in the manhole 21 flows out from the manhole 21 through a buried pipe 22 into a storm water pipe. The building 11 is, for example, a non-residential facility such as a store, an office, a factory, a building, a school, a welfare facility, or a hospital, and a residential facility such as a detached house, an apartment building, or each dwelling unit of a detached house or an apartment building. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, public halls, amusement parks, complexes, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping malls, stations, and airports.

[0013] The piping system 1 includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, protruding members 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4, a vertical pipe 7, and a drain 8.

[0014] The eaves gutter 2 receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The eaves gutter 2 is installed under the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged at the eaves of the roof 11a. In particular, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged so as to extend along the eaves of the roof 11a. The eaves gutter 2 is in the shape of a long barrel. The eaves gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. A water collection port 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a according to the overall design of the piping system 1. The water collection port 2b is, for example, a circular opening. The water collection port 2b is also called a drain or a drop port. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The eaves gutter 2 may include a core material for reinforcing the strength of the entire eaves gutter 2. The core material may be made of, for example, metal. As another example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed of a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0015] The drain 8 is disposed at the water collection port 2b of the eaves gutter 2. The drain 8 reduces the generation of vortexes and the entrainment of air at the water collection port 2b. The drain 8 may contribute to the generation of the siphoning phenomenon. The drain 8 may have a known configuration.

[0016] In the piping system 1, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the water collection port 2b, but is connected to the water collection port 2b via a horizontal pipe 4, a vertical pipe 7, and bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2. In the piping system 1, each of the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7 is a straight pipe section. The straight pipe section defines a linear flow path. In other words, the piping system 1 includes a plurality of straight pipe sections. The plurality of straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section (vertical pipe 3), a second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe section (vertical pipe 7). The bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 are joints. The joints connect the straight pipe sections to each other.

[0017] The standpipe 3 defines a vertical flow path. In a gutter system, the standpipe 3 is also called a downspout. The standpipe 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 3 allows rainwater from the water collection port 2b to flow vertically. The standpipe 3 is straight. A cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is circular. The standpipe 3 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The standpipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the standpipe 3 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the upper end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 3b is the end of the standpipe 3 that is inserted into the manhole 21 (the lower end in FIG. 1). In FIG. 1, a drain pipe cover 34 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through a gap between the upright pipe 3 and the manhole 21.

[0018] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. In the gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a call gutter. The horizontal pipe 4 is a part for flowing rainwater from the building 11 from the water collection port 2b to the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is between the rainwater collection port 2b of the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is a straight pipe. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is circular. The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed so that the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined with respect to the up-down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the left end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the vertical pipe 3 (the right end in FIG. 1).

[0019] The standpipe 7 defines a vertical flow path. The standpipe 7 allows rainwater to flow vertically from the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 7 is connected to the drain 8 and is disposed downstream of the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 7 is disposed between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The standpipe 7 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C7 of the standpipe 7 is circular. The standpipe 7 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C7 of the standpipe 7 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The standpipe 7 has an upstream end 7a and a downstream end 7b. The upstream end 7a is the end of the standpipe 7 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the upper end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 7b is the end of the standpipe 7 that is connected to the horizontal pipe 4 (the lower end in FIG. 1).

[0020] As an example, the material of the upright pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the upright pipe 7 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the upright pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the upright pipe 7, for example, the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes."

[0021] The bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 change the direction of the flow path. The bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 are joints that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe. Each of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 has sockets 51 and 52 to which upstream and downstream piping members are respectively connected, and a bent portion 50 that connects the sockets 51 and 52 to each other.

[0022] The bent pipe 5-1 is a first bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 3 (first straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section). The bent pipe 5-1 connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4. In the bent pipe 5-1, the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the receiving port 51, and the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 is connected to the receiving port 52. The bent pipe 5-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The bent pipe 5-2 connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b. In the bent pipe 5-2, the water collection port 2b is connected to the receiving port 51, and the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the receiving port 52. In this embodiment, a vertical pipe 7 is arranged between the water collection port 2b and the bent pipe 5-2. In other words, the bent pipe 5-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 7 (third straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section). The bent pipe 5-2 connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the downstream end 7b of the vertical pipe 7. In the bent pipe 5-2, the downstream end 7b of the vertical pipe 7 is connected to the socket 51, and the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the socket 52.

[0023] The bent pipe 5-1 does not necessarily have to be a member that directly connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4, but may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 via another member. The bent pipe 5-2 does not necessarily have to be a member that directly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b, but may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b via another member.

[0024] As an example, the material of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 may be set, for example, in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". In this embodiment, the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 are 90° elbows. The 90° elbow may be, for example, a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) as specified in JIS K 6739. The angle between the central axes of the sockets 51 and 52 is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage".

[0025] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located inside the corresponding straight pipe sections among the multiple straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, upright pipe 7) and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe section. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3). The protruding member 6-2 corresponds to the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4). The protruding member 6-3 corresponds to the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4). The protruding member 6-4 corresponds to the third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7).

[0026] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, upright pipe 7), respectively constitute the piping members 10-1 to 10-4. More specifically, the piping member 10-1 includes the protruding member 6-1 and the upright pipe 3. The piping member 10-2 includes the protruding member 6-2 and the horizontal pipe 4. The piping member 10-3 includes the protruding member 6-3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The piping member 10-4 includes the protruding member 6-4 and the upright pipe 7.

[0027] The protrusion members 6-1 to 6-4 have the same configuration. Therefore, the piping members 10-1 to 10-4 have substantially the same configuration, although there are differences in the configuration of the straight pipe portion. Below, the piping member 10-1 will be mainly described in detail. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the description of the piping member 10-1 is also a description of the piping members 10-2 to 10-4 by replacing the description related to the straight pipe portion of the piping member 10-1 with the description related to the straight pipe portion of the other piping members 10-2 to 10-4.

[0028] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a configuration example of the piping member 10-1, and Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10-1. As can be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, the piping member 10-1 includes a vertical pipe 3 and a protruding member 6-1.

[0029] 3, the protruding member 6-1 has a size, that is, a length, a width, and a height (thickness), that allows it to be placed inside the riser pipe 3. The material of the protruding member 6-1 is, for example, hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0030] The protruding member 6-1 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are both ends in the longitudinal direction of the protruding member 6-1. The longitudinal direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the corresponding straight pipe portion (upright pipe 3). The flow direction of the fluid in the upright pipe 3 coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3. The first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 5-1 than the second end 6b.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in which a portion of the piping member 10-1 is cut away. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 5. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 5. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 5. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 5. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 5.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 4, the protruding member 6-1 has a contact surface 60 that contacts the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3. As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the contact surface 60 has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The radius of curvature of the contact surface 60 is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a so that no gap is substantially generated between the contact surface 60 and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 8, the protruding member 6-1 has a main surface 61 and first and second side surfaces 62, 63. The main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 are on the opposite side of the protruding member 6-1 to the contact surface 60, and can come into contact with the fluid flowing in the standpipe 3. As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6, the main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the main surface 61 faces the center side of the standpipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are on both sides of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. In FIG. 7, the first side surface 62 is on the left side of the main surface 61, and the second side surface 63 is on the right side of the main surface 61.

[0034] In the protrusion member 6-1, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 may come into contact with the fluid flowing in the upright pipe 3. As shown in Fig. 5, the protrusion member 6-1 causes a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63. Since the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 may come into contact with the fluid, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 be small, since this is expected to improve the flow rate.

[0035] The protrusion member 6-1 has a first separation wall 64 for promoting separation of the flow F1 and the flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 can facilitate separation of the flow F2 from the flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In this embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is a boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 constitutes a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as a bottom surface and a flow path having the first side surface 62 as a bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 have a concave shape.

[0036] The protrusion member 6-1 has a second separation wall 65 to promote separation of the flow F1 and the flow F3. The presence of the second separation wall 65 can facilitate separation of the flow F3 from the flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In this embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is a boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 constitutes a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as a bottom surface and a flow path having the second side surface 63 as a bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 have a concave shape.

[0037] As can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5, and 7 to 13, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the protruding member 6-1 viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 4, the height of the protruding member 6-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a top 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top 6c is the highest part of the protruding member 6-1. The height of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a to the top 6c. The height of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the top 6c to the second end 6b. The protruding member 6-1 makes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the upright pipe 3 the smallest at the top 6c.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 4, in a cross section perpendicular to the width direction of the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 includes a curved shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c at the top 6c. This can improve the flow rate. From another perspective, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to generate the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 5-1. In other words, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that generates the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 5-1. This can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0040] As can be seen from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. As shown in FIG.

[0041] 7 and 9, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a part of the main surface 61 has a concave shape. At least a part of the main surface 61 is a portion of the main surface 61 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the radius of curvature of at least a part of the main surface 61 (the first end 6a) is equal to or smaller than the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. This reduces pressure loss in the protruding member 6-1.

[0042] As shown in Figs. 7 to 11, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a, but a convex shape at the second end 6b. That is, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes from a concave shape to a convex shape from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This makes it easier for a flow to occur along the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 11, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is a convex shape at the top 6c. The shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is a convex shape in the range from the top 6c to the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a flat portion 6d between the first end 6a and the top 6c. As shown in Fig. 10, at the flat portion 6d, the main surface 61 has a planar shape as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0043] In the range of the concave shape of the main surface 61, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the lowest part of the concave shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1. In the range of the convex shape of the main surface 61, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the highest part of the convex shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1. In this embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center in the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0044] As can be seen from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0045] 7 and 9, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a part of the first side surface 62 is concave. At least a part of the first side surface 62 is a portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the first side surface 62 is concave at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss in the protruding member 6-1.

[0046] 7 and 9, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a part of the second side surface 63 is concave. At least a part of the second side surface 63 is a portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the second side surface 63 is concave at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss in the protruding member 6-1.

[0047] The shape of the first side surface 62 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As can be seen from Fig. 11 to Fig. 13, the depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 becomes shallower from the apex 6c toward the second end 6b. This allows the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0048] The shape of the second side surface 63 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As can be seen from Fig. 11 to Fig. 13, the depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 becomes shallower from the top 6c to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0049] 5, in the protrusion member 6-1, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This can improve the flow rate.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 5, the width of the protruding member 6-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3. The width of the protruding member 6-1 refers to the width of the protruding member 6-1 at the portion closest to the inner peripheral surface 30a of the upright pipe 3. In this embodiment, the width of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the width of the contact surface 60 of the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-1 has a first portion 6e, a second portion 6f, and a third portion 6g between the first end 6a and the second end 6b, where the direction of the change in width changes. The first portion 6e is between the first end 6a and the apex 6c, more specifically, the flat portion 6d. The second portion 6f is between the apex 6c and the second end 6b. The third portion 6g is between the second portion 6f and the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a to the first portion 6e. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the first portion 6e to the second portion 6f. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the second portion 6f to the third portion 6g. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the third portion 6g to the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 is largest at the first portion 6e. As shown in FIG. 7, the maximum value of the width of the protruding member 6-1 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 (the width at the first portion 6e) is W1. If the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is d, 0.5d≦W1≦0.9d. Here, if the maximum value of the distance between the first partition wall 64 and the second partition wall 65 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is W2, 0.3d≦W2≦0.7d. W2≦W1.

[0051] The width of the main surface 61 narrows from the first end 6a to the second end 6b, at least from the first end 6a to the apex 6c. This configuration allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1. In this embodiment, the width of the main surface 61 monotonically decreases from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0052] The first side surface 62 includes a portion whose width increases from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side increases in width from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side includes the portion of the first side surface 62 from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0053] The second side surface 63 includes a portion that becomes wider from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side becomes wider from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side includes the portion of the second side surface 63 from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0054] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are formed on a part of the protruding member 6-1, not on the whole, in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 exist in a predetermined range from the first end 6a along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The predetermined range is the range from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0055] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 becomes shorter from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2, F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6-1, and allows the flows F2, F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0056] The heights of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decrease from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2, F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6-1, and allows the flows F2, F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 4 and 11. The diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is d, and the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L (i.e., the length of the protruding member 6-1). In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0058] Please refer to FIG. 4. The top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 is the portion of the piping member 10-1 where the flow path cross-sectional area is the smallest. The distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0059] Refer to FIG. 4. The distance between the apex 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L2. L2=L-L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that L2>L1. In other words, it is preferable that the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0060] See FIG. 11. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the distance between the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 and the second wall surface 30c is defined as D1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.60d≦D1≦0.95d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0061] The height of the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is defined as H1. H1=d-D1. It is preferable that 0.05d≦H1≦0.40d is satisfied for the protruding member 6-1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0062] The maximum flow cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3 is A. The maximum flow cross-sectional area A is calculated from the inner diameter d of the vertical pipe 3. In other words, A = π(d / 2) 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member at the top 6c is A1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that A1 / A≦0.4. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by peeling downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization. The minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area in the piping member 10-1 is A2. A2 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1. A2=A-A1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.6≦A2 / A<1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by peeling downstream from the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the protruding member 6-1 has a contact end surface 66 at the first end 6a. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the bent portion 50 of the bent pipe 5-1. The contact end surface 66 is provided to fill the difference in inner diameter between the vertical pipe 3 and the bent portion 50 of the bent pipe 5-1. As shown in FIG. 4, the presence of the contact end surface 66 can reduce the step between the wall surface 50a on the inner periphery side of the bent portion 50 of the bent pipe 5-1 and the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. This makes it difficult for the flow of fluid from the bent pipe 5-1 to be obstructed by the piping member 10-1.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 7, the protrusion member 6-1 has a protrusion 67. The protrusion 67 is used for joining or positioning the standpipe 3 and the protrusion member 6-1. The protrusion 67 is disposed on the contact surface 60. The protrusion 67 is shaped to fit into the recess 3c of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the standpipe 3 has a pair of recesses 3c on the edge of the upstream end 3a. The recesses 3c are formed as notches. The protrusion member 6-1 has a pair of protrusions 67 that fit into the pair of recesses 3c, respectively. The protrusion member 6-1 is positioned relative to the standpipe 3 by fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of recesses 3c, respectively.

[0065] In the piping member 10-1 described above, the protruding member 6-1 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the standpipe 3. As a result, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10-1 is not constant, and there is a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10-1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3. The protruding member 6-1 is located closer to the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 than the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 is located at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3. In other words, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 connected to the bent pipe 5-1.

[0066] The protruding member 6-1 is disposed so as to protrude from a first wall surface 30b on the inner periphery side of the vertical pipe 3 toward a second wall surface 30c on the outer periphery side of the vertical pipe 3. The first wall surface 30b is a portion of the inner periphery side of the bent pipe 5-1 on the inner periphery side of the vertical pipe 3 (for example, half of the inner periphery side). The second wall surface 30c is a portion of the inner periphery side of the bent pipe 5-1 on the inner periphery side of the vertical pipe 3 (for example, half of the outer periphery side). The inner periphery side 30a is composed of the first wall surface 30b and the second wall surface 30c.

[0067] The protruding member 6-1 described above is located at the end (upstream end 3a) on the first bent pipe 5-1 side inside the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is located on the inner periphery side (left side in FIG. 1) of the first bent pipe 5-1 in the vertical pipe 3. In the protruding member 6-1, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 5-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a flow of fluid is generated from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b.

[0068] Next, the function of the protruding member 6-1 in the piping member 10-1 will be described. The protruding member 6-1 is disposed in the vertical pipe 3 disposed downstream of the bent pipe 5-1. The bent pipe 5-1 directs water flowing in from the horizontal pipe 4 to the vertical pipe 3. When the direction of the water flow changes significantly in the bent pipe 5-1, pressure loss due to separation can be one of the factors that reduces the flow rate.

[0069] FIG. 14 is a diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in the piping member 100 of the comparative example. The piping member 100 of the comparative example differs from the piping member 10-1 in that it does not have the protruding member 6-1. In FIG. 14, the darker the color, the lower the pressure. In particular, the pressure loss is large at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 14, and the presence of such a portion with a large pressure loss can be a major factor in the decrease in flow rate. The pressure loss at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 14 is considered to be caused by peeling. This peeling is caused by water separating from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100 downstream of the inner wall surface 50a of the bent pipe 5-1. That is, as shown by the arrow F in FIG. 14, the water flowing in from the upstream side initially flows along the pipe wall 200, but after the inner wall surface 50a of the bent pipe 5-1, it may separate from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100. Such peeling is likely to be noticeable, especially when the water flow speed is high. The faster the flow velocity, the wider the area where pressure loss occurs.

[0070] In this embodiment, the piping member 10-1 has a protruding member 6-1. The presence of the protruding member 6-1 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than when the protruding member 6-1 is not present, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-1, and improve the flow rate. The piping member 10-1 can be made smaller by simply providing the protruding member 6-1, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, because it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface on the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can improve the flow rate while making it possible to make the piping system 1 smaller. The protruding member 6-1 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, and the protruding member 6-1 is not noticeable when viewed as the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0071] In the piping system 1, the direction of water flow also changes significantly in the bent pipe 5-2, so pressure loss due to separation can be a factor in the reduction of the flow rate. The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end (upstream end 4a) of the bent pipe 5-2 side inside the horizontal pipe 4. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-2 in the horizontal pipe 4 (upper side in FIG. 1). In the protruding member 6-2, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the bent pipe 5-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a fluid flow is generated from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. The presence of the protruding member 6-2 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than in the absence of the protruding member 6-2, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 5-2, and can improve the flow rate. The piping member 10-2 can be made smaller simply by providing the protruding member 6-2, since it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-2, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can improve the flow rate while enabling the piping member 10-2 to be made smaller. The protruding member 6-2 is located inside the horizontal pipe 4, and is therefore not noticeable when the piping system 1 is viewed as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0072] In the piping system 1, there is a range where pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur downstream of the bent pipe 5-1. The protruding member 6-3 is at the end (downstream end 4b) of the bent pipe 5-1 side inside the horizontal pipe 4. In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is at the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-1 in the horizontal pipe 4 (lower side in FIG. 1). In the protruding member 6-3, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 5-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a fluid flow is generated from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-3 makes it possible to guide water to a range where pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur downstream of the bent pipe 5-1. This is expected to reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to peeling downstream from the bent pipe 5-1, and improve the flow rate. The piping member 10-3 can be made smaller simply by providing the protruding member 6-3, since it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-1, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can improve the flow rate while enabling the piping member 10-3 to be made smaller. The protruding member 6-3 is located inside the horizontal pipe 4, and is therefore not noticeable when the piping system 1 is viewed as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0073] In the piping system 1, there is a range where pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur downstream of the bent pipe 5-2. The protruding member 6-4 is at the end (downstream end 7b) of the bent pipe 5-2 side inside the vertical pipe 7. In particular, the protruding member 6-4 is on the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-2 in the vertical pipe 7 (right side in FIG. 1). In the protruding member 6-4, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the bent pipe 5-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-4, a fluid flow is generated from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-4 makes it possible to guide water to a range where pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur downstream of the bent pipe 5-2. This is expected to reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-4 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to peeling downstream from the bent pipe 5-2, and improve the flow rate. The piping member 10-4 can be made smaller simply by providing the protruding member 6-4, because it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the inner circumferential side of the bent pipe 5-2, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-4 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-4 is located inside the vertical pipe 7, and is not noticeable when viewed as the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0074] As described above, in the piping system 1, the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 can cause pressure loss in the pipeline. When there are multiple bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 in the pipeline, the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 are basically equivalent in the pipeline. The bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 generally have a loss coefficient of about 0.3 to 1.5, depending on their shapes. Here, if the protruding members 6 are arranged on either the upstream side or the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, the effect of pressure loss caused by one of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2 can be reduced. In particular, if the protruding members 6 are arranged on both the upstream side and the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, the fluid flows along the protruding members 6 from the upstream side to the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, so that the fluid can flow smoothly through the bent flow path inside one of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, which enables further reduction in pressure loss. Therefore, by arranging protrusion members 6 on both the upstream and downstream sides of both curved pipes 5-1, 5-2 as in the piping system 1, the pressure loss in both curved pipes 5-1, 5-2 can be significantly reduced, and the effect of reducing pressure loss can be maximized.

[0075] [1.1.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1 described above is a piping system for transporting a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, and includes a plurality of straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, upright pipe 7), one or more joints (bent pipes 5-1, 5-2) that connect the plurality of straight pipe sections, and one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 that are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0076] In the piping system 1, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 have a top portion 6c that is located between a first end 6a and a second end 6b in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through one or more corresponding straight pipe portions and that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions. This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0077] In the piping system 1, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located at ends (3a, 4a, 4b, 7b) of one or more corresponding straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, upright pipe 7) on the side of one or more joints (bent pipes 5-1, 5-2). This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0078] In the piping system 1, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b in the flow direction. In one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, the first end 6a is closer to one or more joints (bent pipes 5-1, 5-2) than the second end 6b. This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0079] In the piping system 1, the straight pipe sections (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7) include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section (vertical pipe 3), a second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe section (vertical pipe 7). One or more joints (bent pipes 5-1, 5-2) include a first bent pipe 5-1 that connects the first straight pipe section (vertical pipe 3) and the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a second bent pipe 5-2 that connects the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) and the third straight pipe section (vertical pipe 7). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0080] In the piping system 1, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located at least in one of the following: end 3a of the first bent pipe 5-1 side in the first straight pipe section (vertical pipe 3) on the inner circumference side of the first bent pipe 5-1; end 4a of the second bent pipe 5-2 side in the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) on the inner circumference side of the second bent pipe 5-2; end 4b of the first bent pipe 5-1 side in the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) on the inner circumference side of the first bent pipe 5-1; or end 7b of the second bent pipe 5-2 side in the third straight pipe section (vertical pipe 7) on the inner circumference side of the second bent pipe 5-2. This configuration can reduce the occurrence of turbulence and improve the flow rate.

[0081] In the piping system 1, the first bent pipe 5-1 and the second bent pipe 5-2 are 90° elbows. This configuration can shorten the length of the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) while increasing the distance between the central axis C3 of the first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3) and the central axis C7 of the third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7) compared to a 45° elbow.

[0082] In the piping system 1, the first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3) and the third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7) are arranged along the vertical direction. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0083] [1.2 Second embodiment] [1.2.1 Configuration] 15 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1A according to a second embodiment. Similar to the piping system 1, the piping system 1A is a gutter system that receives rainwater from a roof 11a of a building 11 and directs it to a manhole 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1A includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, bent pipes 5A-1 and 5A-2, protruding members 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4, a vertical pipe 7 and a drain 8.

[0084] The bent pipe 5A-1 is a first bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 3 (first straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section). The bent pipe 5A-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 7 (third straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section).

[0085] In this embodiment, the bent pipes 5A-1 and 5A-2 are 45° elbows. The 45° elbows may be, for example, 45° elbows (so-called 45L) as defined in JIS K 6739. The angle between the central axes of the sockets 51 and 52 is, for example, 45° as defined in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage."

[0086] The 45° elbow allows the angle between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, and the angle between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7 to be smaller than that of a 90° elbow, and reduces the degree of bending of the flow path, thereby potentially reducing the pressure loss in the bent pipes 5A-1, 5A-2.

[0087] [1.2.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1A, the first bent pipe 5A-1 and the second bent pipe 5A-2 are 45° elbows. This configuration allows a reduction in pressure loss in the first bent pipe 5A-1 and the second bent pipe 5A-2 compared to 90° elbows.

[0088] [1.3 Third embodiment] [1.3.1 Configuration] Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1B according to a third embodiment. The piping system 1B is for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. In this embodiment, the piping system 1B is used for transporting the fluid from a departure point to multiple destinations. The piping system 1B can be used, for example, as a part of a plant piping system in a factory or the like that supplies a desired fluid from a storage tank to multiple points.

[0089] The piping system 1B includes a plurality of straight pipe sections (first to fourth straight pipe sections) 211 to 214, a plurality of joints 221, 222, and a protrusion member 6.

[0090] The first to fourth straight pipe sections 211-214 define a linear flow path. The first to fourth straight pipe sections 211-214 are straight. The cross sections perpendicular to the central axes C211-C214 of the first to fourth straight pipe sections 211-214 are circular. The pipe diameters of the first to fourth straight pipe sections 211-214 are equal to each other.

[0091] The first straight pipe section 211 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C211 of the first straight pipe section 211 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The first straight pipe section 211 has an upstream end 211a and a downstream end 211b. The downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211 is connected to the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213 via a joint 221. The upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe section 211 is connected to the fourth straight pipe section 214 via a joint 222.

[0092] The second straight pipe section 212 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C212 of the second straight pipe section 212 coincides with a direction intersecting the up-down direction (for example, the horizontal direction). An upstream end 212a of the second straight pipe section 212 is connected to a downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211 via a joint 221.

[0093] The third straight pipe section 213 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C213 of the third straight pipe section 213 coincides with a direction intersecting the up-down direction (for example, the horizontal direction). An upstream end 213a of the third straight pipe section 213 is connected to a downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211 via a joint 221.

[0094] The fourth straight pipe section 214 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C214 of the fourth straight pipe section 214 coincides with a direction intersecting the up-down direction (for example, the horizontal direction). A downstream end 214a of the fourth straight pipe section 214 is connected to an upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe section 211 via a joint 222.

[0095] As an example, the material of the first to fourth straight pipe sections 211 to 214 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the first to fourth straight pipe sections 211 to 214, for example, the outer shape and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes."

[0096] The joint 221 connects the first straight pipe section 211 to the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213. The joint 221 is a tee that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe section 211 and causes it to flow out from the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213. The joint 221 has sockets 221a to 221c to which piping members are respectively connected, and a main body section 221d that connects the sockets 221a to 221c. In the joint 221, the downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211 is connected to the socket 221a, and the upstream end sections 212a, 213a of the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213 are connected to the sockets 221b, 221c. As an example, the material of the joint 221 is rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0097] The joint 222 is a bent pipe that changes the direction of the flow path. The joint 222 is a connection joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The joint 222 has sockets 222a and 222b to which upstream and downstream piping members are respectively connected, and a bent portion 222c that connects the sockets 222a and 222b together. In the joint 222, the downstream end 214a of the fourth straight pipe section 214 is connected to the socket 222a, and the upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe section 211 is connected to the socket 222b.

[0098] As an example, the material of the joint 222 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 222 may be set, for example, in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage." In this embodiment, the joint 222 is a 90° elbow. The 90° elbow may be, for example, a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739.

[0099] The protrusion members 6 are disposed inside the corresponding straight pipe portions 211 of the plurality of straight pipe portions 211-214, and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions 211. The protrusion members 6, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions 211, constitute the piping member 10B.

[0100] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 16. The protruding member 6 is at the end (downstream end 211b) of the first straight pipe section 211 on the joint 221 side. In particular, the protruding member 6 is at the inner circumferential side of the joint 222 in the first straight pipe section 211 (left side in FIG. 17). The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the first straight pipe section 211. The flow direction of the fluid in the first straight pipe section 211 coincides with the direction of the central axis C211 of the first straight pipe section 211. In the protruding member 6, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of the fluid occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a.

[0101] Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 17. In the protrusion member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the first straight pipe section 211. As shown in Fig. 18, the protrusion member 6 induces a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0102] In the piping system 1B described above, the first straight pipe section 211 is located downstream of the joint 222, which is a bent pipe, and water flows into the first straight pipe section 211 from the upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe section 211 through the joint 222 from the fourth straight pipe section 214. From the first straight pipe section 211, water flows into the receiver 221a of the joint 221 through the downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211. The joint 221 branches the water flowing in from the receiver 221a into water flowing out from the receiver 221b and water flowing out from the receiver 221c. The water flowing out from the receiver 221b flows into the second straight pipe section 212 through the upstream end 212a of the second straight pipe section 212. The water flowing out from the receiving port 221c flows into the third straight pipe section 213 via the upstream end 213a of the third straight pipe section 213.

[0103] In the piping system 1B, the direction in which water flows through the fourth straight pipe section 214 is the same as the direction in which water flows through the third straight pipe section 213, but is the opposite direction to the direction in which water flows through the second straight pipe section 212. This can be one of the reasons why the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe section 212 is smaller than the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe section 213, that is, one of the reasons for the drift in which the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 becomes uneven. Drift may hinder the supply of the desired fluid from the storage tank to multiple points. Here, in order to reduce drift, it is possible to use a tee with one end closed as the joint 222 instead of a bent pipe. In the tee with one end closed, the flow of water from the fourth straight pipe section 214 is blocked at the closed end to cause water stagnation, and the flow toward the second straight pipe section 212 is generated by intentionally making it uneven. As a result, the flow rate to the second straight pipe section 212 increases, making it possible to reduce drift. In this way, by using a tee with one end closed as the joint 221, it is possible to reduce drift. However, there are problems such as the following. That is, the joint 222 itself becomes larger than in the case of a bent pipe. This may affect the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1B as a whole. Considering the overall flow of the piping system 1B, the stagnation of the water flow from the fourth straight pipe section 214 is one of the causes of a decrease in the overall flow rate.

[0104] In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is disposed in the first straight pipe section 211, and the protruding member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protruding member 6. This can cause an increase in the flow rate from the first straight pipe section 211 to the second straight pipe section 212. As a result, the difference between the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe section 212 and the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe section 213 becomes smaller, and the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 is uniformed. The piping member 10B can be made smaller because it does not need to be a cheese with one end closed by only providing the protruding member 6. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6 is inside the first straight pipe section 211, and the protruding member 6 becomes inconspicuous when viewed as the entire piping system 1B. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the entire piping system 1B.

[0105] In this way, in the piping system 1B having the joint 221 which is a tee, in order to avoid drifting after branching, by arranging the protruding member 6 before the branch on the side in which the fluid is less likely to flow (the second straight pipe section 212 side), it is possible to promote the flow of the fluid in the direction in which the fluid is less likely to flow. This makes it possible to adjust the flow of the fluid in both directions after branching, and as a result, drifting can be suppressed.

[0106] [1.3.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1B described above, the straight pipe sections 211-213 include a first straight pipe section 211, a second straight pipe section 212, and a third straight pipe section 213. One or more joints 221 include a tee that branches the fluid that flows in from the first straight pipe section 211 and causes it to flow out from the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213. This configuration makes it possible to branch the fluid.

[0107] In the piping system 1B, the first straight pipe section 211 is located downstream of the joint (bent pipe) 222. One or more protrusion members 6 are located on the inner periphery side of the joint 222 (bent pipe) at the end 211b of the first straight pipe section 211 on the joint 221 (tee) side. This configuration can cause an increase in the flow rate from the first straight pipe section 211 to the second straight pipe section 212. As a result, the difference between the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe section 212 and the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe section 213 becomes smaller, and the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 can be made uniform.

[0108] [1.4 Fourth embodiment] [1.4.1 Configuration] 19 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1C according to the embodiment 4. The piping system 1C is used to transport a fluid from a starting point to a plurality of destinations, similar to the piping system 1B.

[0109] The piping system 1C includes a plurality of straight pipe sections (first to fourth straight pipe sections) 211 to 214, a plurality of joints 221, 222, and protruding members 6-1, 6-2.

[0110] The protrusion members 6-1, 6-2 are located inside the corresponding straight pipe portions 212, 213 of the multiple straight pipe portions 211-214 and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions 212, 213. The protrusion members 6-1, 6-2, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions 212, 213, constitute the piping members 10C-1, 10C-2.

[0111] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the line AA in FIG. 19. The protruding member 6-1 is at the end (upstream end 212a) on the joint 221 side inside the second straight pipe section 212. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is at the first straight pipe section 211 side (upper side in FIG. 20) of the second straight pipe section 212. The length direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the second straight pipe section 212. The flow direction of the fluid in the second straight pipe section 212 coincides with the direction of the central axis C212 of the second straight pipe section 212. In the protruding member 6-1, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a flow of the fluid is generated from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b.

[0112] The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end (upstream end 213a) on the joint 221 side inside the third straight pipe section 213. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the first straight pipe section 211 side (upper side in FIG. 20) of the third straight pipe section 213. The length direction of the protruding member 6-2 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the third straight pipe section 213. The flow direction of the fluid flowing through the third straight pipe section 213 coincides with the direction of the central axis C213 of the third straight pipe section 213. In the protruding member 6-2, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a flow of the fluid is generated from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b.

[0113] Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 20. In the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing in the first straight pipe section 211. As shown in Fig. 21, the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2 cause a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0114] In the piping system 1C described above, the joint 221 branches the water flowing in from the first straight pipe section 211 through the receiver 221a into water flowing out from the receiver 221b to the second straight pipe section 212 and water flowing out from the receiver 221c to the third straight pipe section 213. When branching the water in this way, turbulence tends to occur in the region on the first straight pipe section 211 side (upper side in FIG. 20) at the ends (upstream ends 212a, 213a) on the joint 221 side inside the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213. The turbulence not only hinders the flow of water, but also scrapes the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 212 or the third straight pipe section 213, which can be a cause of partial thinning of the second straight pipe section 212 or the third straight pipe section 213. It is complicated to perform risk prediction or maintenance for such thinning (thickness reduction) of the piping members.

[0115] In this embodiment, the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged in the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, and the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 generate flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2. The presence of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than when the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are not present, and (2) reduce the area itself where turbulence may occur. Therefore, the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 can reduce the occurrence of turbulence at the ends (upstream ends 212a and 213a) on the joint 221 side inside the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, thereby improving the flow rate. This can protect the inner wall surfaces of the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, enabling the piping system 1B to have a long life. Furthermore, since the piping member 10C-1 can reduce turbulence simply by providing the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, it is not necessary to attach a tee just to reduce turbulence, which allows the piping system 1B to be made more compact. Therefore, the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 can improve the flow rate while allowing for a smaller size. The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are located inside the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, and the protruding member 6-1 is not noticeable when viewed as the entire piping system 1C. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the entire piping system 1C.

[0116] [1.4.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1C described above, one or more protruding members 6-1, 6-2 are located on the first straight pipe section 211 side at the end 212a, 213a on the joint 221 (tee) side of at least one of the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213. This configuration makes it possible to improve the flow rate after branching at the joint 221.

[0117] [1.5 Fifth embodiment] [1.5.1 Configuration] Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1D according to a fifth embodiment. The piping system 1D is for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. In this embodiment, the piping system 1B is used to transport the fluid from a starting point to a destination having a larger opening than the starting point. The piping system 1B may be used as a part of a gutter system that transports rainwater from a gutter to a manhole on the ground, or may be used as a part of a water supply system that supplies water from a storage tank to multiple points in a factory or the like.

[0118] The piping system 1D includes a plurality of straight pipe sections (first to third straight pipe sections) 311 to 313, a plurality of joints 321 and 322, and a protrusion member 6.

[0119] The first to third straight pipe sections 311-313 define a linear flow path. The first to third straight pipe sections 311-313 are straight. The cross sections perpendicular to the central axes C311-C313 of the first to third straight pipe sections 311-313 are circular. The pipe diameter of the second straight pipe section 312 is larger than the pipe diameter of the first straight pipe section 311. The pipe diameters of the first straight pipe section 311 and the third straight pipe section 313 are equal to each other.

[0120] The first straight pipe section 311 is disposed so that the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311 coincides with a direction intersecting the up-down direction (for example, the horizontal direction). The first straight pipe section 311 has an upstream end 311a and a downstream end 311b. The downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe section 311 is connected to the second straight pipe section 312 via a joint 321. The upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe section 311 is connected to the third straight pipe section 313 via a joint 322.

[0121] The second straight pipe section 312 is disposed such that the direction of the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 coincides with the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. An upstream end 312a of the second straight pipe section 312 is connected to a downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe section 311 via a joint 321.

[0122] The third straight pipe section 313 is disposed such that the direction of the central axis C313 of the third straight pipe section 313 coincides with the up-down direction. A downstream end 313a of the third straight pipe section 313 is connected to an upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe section 311 via a joint 322.

[0123] As an example, the material of the first to third straight pipe portions 311 to 313 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the first to third straight pipe portions 311 to 313, for example, the outer shape and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes."

[0124] The joint 321 is an increaser that connects the first straight pipe section 311 to the second straight pipe section 312. In this embodiment, the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311 and the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 are aligned. The joint 321 has sockets 321a and 321b to which piping members are respectively connected, and a main body section 321c that connects the sockets 321a and 321b. The inner diameter of the socket 321a is smaller than the inner diameter of the socket 321b, and the inner diameter of the main body section 321c gradually increases from the socket 321a to the socket 321b. In the joint 321, the downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe section 311 is connected to the socket 321a, and the upstream end 312a of the second straight pipe section 312 is connected to the socket 321b.

[0125] As an example, the material of the joint 321 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 321 may be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage", for example.

[0126] The joint 322 is a bent pipe that changes the direction of the flow path. The joint 322 is a connection joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The joint 322 has sockets 322a and 322b to which upstream and downstream piping members are respectively connected, and a bent portion 322c that connects the sockets 322a and 322b. In the joint 322, the downstream end 313a of the third straight pipe section 313 is connected to the socket 322a, and the upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe section 311 is connected to the socket 322b.

[0127] As an example, the material of the joint 322 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 322 may be set, for example, in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage." In this embodiment, the joint 322 is a 90° elbow. The 90° elbow may be, for example, a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739.

[0128] The protrusion members 6 are disposed inside the corresponding straight pipe portions 311 among the plurality of straight pipe portions 311-313, and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions 311. The protrusion members 6, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions 311, constitute the piping member 10D.

[0129] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 22. The protruding member 6 is at the end (downstream end 311b) of the first straight pipe section 311 on the joint 321 side. In particular, the protruding member 6 is at the inner circumferential side of the joint 322 in the first straight pipe section 311 (upper side in FIG. 22). The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the first straight pipe section 311. The flow direction of the fluid in the first straight pipe section 311 coincides with the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. In the protruding member 6, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the joint 321 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of the fluid occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a.

[0130] Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 23. In the protrusion member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the first straight pipe section 211. As shown in Fig. 24, the protrusion member 6 induces a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0131] In the piping system 1D described above, the first straight pipe section 311 is located downstream of the joint 322, which is a bent pipe, and water flows into the first straight pipe section 311 from the upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe section 311 through the joint 322 from the third straight pipe section 313. From the first straight pipe section 311, water flows into the receiver 321a of the joint 321 through the downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe section 311. The joint 321 expands the flow path cross-sectional area when the water that has flowed in from the receiver 321a flows out from the receiver 321b to the second straight pipe section 312. When the flow path cross-sectional area is expanded in this way, turbulence tends to occur in a region R300 (see FIG. 23) near the inner wall surface of the end (upstream end 312a) of the second straight pipe section 312 on the joint 321 side. The turbulent flow not only hinders the flow of water, but also scrapes the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 312, which may be a cause of partial thinning of the second straight pipe section 312. It is troublesome to predict the danger or perform maintenance for such thinning (thinning) of the piping members.

[0132] In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is disposed in the first straight pipe section 311, and the protruding member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protruding member 6. The presence of the protruding member 6 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than when the protruding member 6 is not present, and (2) to smooth the flow through the joint 321. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can reduce the occurrence of turbulence at the end (upstream end 312a) on the joint 321 side inside the second straight pipe section 312, and can improve the flow rate. This can protect the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 312, and enable the piping system 1D to have a long life. In addition, since the piping member 10D can reduce the occurrence of turbulence simply by providing the protruding member 6, it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the joint 321 or the second straight pipe section 312 to reduce the effect of turbulence, which enables the piping system 1D to be made smaller. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protruding member 6 is not noticeable when the piping system 1D is viewed as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1D as a whole.

[0133] [1.5.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1D described above, the straight pipe sections 311, 312 include a first straight pipe section 311 and a second straight pipe section 312 having a larger pipe diameter than the first straight pipe section 311. One or more joints 321 are increasers that connect the first straight pipe section 311 and the second straight pipe section 312. This configuration enables the expansion of the flow path cross-sectional area.

[0134] In the piping system 1D, the first straight pipe section 311 is located downstream of the joint 322 (bent pipe). One or more protruding members 6 are located on the inner periphery of the joint 322 (bent pipe) at the end (downstream end 311b) of the first straight pipe section 311 on the joint 321 (increaser) side. This configuration makes it possible to reduce the generation of turbulence caused by the expansion of the flow path cross-sectional area in the increaser.

[0135] [1.6 Sixth embodiment] [1.6.1 Configuration] 25 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1E according to embodiment 6. Like the piping system 1D, the piping system 1E is used to transport a fluid from a starting point to a destination having a larger opening than the starting point.

[0136] The piping system 1E includes a plurality of straight pipe sections (first and second straight pipe sections) 311, 312, a joint 321E, and a protrusion member 6.

[0137] The joint 321E is an increaser that connects the first straight pipe section 311 to the second straight pipe section 312. In this embodiment, the increaser is an eccentric increaser that shifts the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 212 from the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. The joint 321E has sockets 321a and 321b to which piping members are respectively connected, and a main body section 321c that connects the sockets 321a and 321b. The inner diameter of the socket 321a is smaller than the inner diameter of the socket 321b, and the inner diameter of the main body section 321c gradually increases from the socket 321a to the socket 321b. The central axis of the socket 321a and the central axis of the socket 321b are shifted such that the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 212 is shifted from the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. In the joint 321E, the downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe section 311 is connected to the socket 321a, and the upstream end 312a of the second straight pipe section 312 is connected to the socket 321b.

[0138] As an example, the material of the joint 321E is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 321E may be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage", for example.

[0139] The protrusion members 6 are disposed inside the corresponding straight pipe portions 311 of the plurality of straight pipe portions 311, 313, and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions 311. The protrusion members 6, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions 311, constitute the piping member 10E.

[0140] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 25. The protruding member 6 is located at the end (downstream end 311b) of the first straight pipe section 311 on the joint 321E side. In particular, the protruding member 6 is located at the end (downstream end 311a) of the first straight pipe section 311 on the joint 321E (eccentric increaser) side, on the same side as the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 with respect to the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the first straight pipe section 311. The flow direction of the fluid flowing through the first straight pipe section 311 coincides with the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. In the protruding member 6, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the joint 321 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of fluid occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a.

[0141] Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 26. In the protrusion member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the first straight pipe section 211. As shown in Fig. 27, the protrusion member 6 induces a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0142] In the piping system 1E described above, the joint 321E expands the flow path cross-sectional area when the water flowing in from the first straight pipe section 311 through the receiving port 321a flows out from the receiving port 321b to the second straight pipe section 312. When the flow path cross-sectional area is expanded in this manner, turbulence tends to occur in a region R310 near the inner wall surface on the opposite side of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311 with respect to the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 at the end (upstream end 312a) of the second straight pipe section 312 on the joint 321E side. The turbulence not only obstructs the flow of water, but also scrapes the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 312, which may be a factor in partial thinning of the second straight pipe section 312. It is complicated to perform risk prediction or maintenance for such thinning (thickness reduction) of piping members.

[0143] In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is disposed in the first straight pipe section 311, and the protruding member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protruding member 6. The presence of the protruding member 6 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than when the protruding member 6 is not present, and (2) smooth the flow through the joint 321E. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can reduce the occurrence of turbulence at the end (upstream end 312a) on the joint 321E side inside the second straight pipe section 312, and can improve the flow rate. This can protect the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 312, and enable the piping system 1E to have a long life. In addition, since the piping member 10E can reduce the occurrence of turbulence simply by providing the protruding member 6, it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the joint 321E or the second straight pipe section 312 to reduce the effect of turbulence, which enables the piping system 1E to be made smaller. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protruding member 6 is not noticeable when the piping system 1E is viewed as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1E as a whole.

[0144] [1.6.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1E described above, the joint 321E (increaser) is an eccentric increaser that shifts the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 from the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311. The one or more protruding members 6 are located on the same side as the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe section 312 with respect to the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe section 311 at the end (downstream end 311a) of the joint 321E (eccentric increaser) side of the first straight pipe section 311. This configuration makes it possible to reduce the generation of turbulence caused by the expansion of the flow path cross-sectional area in the eccentric increaser.

[0145] [2. Modifications] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Below, modified examples of the above-mentioned embodiments are listed. The modified examples described below can be applied in appropriate combination.

[0146] In the following, when reference is made to symbols used in embodiment 1, even if the symbols are applicable to any of the above embodiments 1 to 6, this is done simply to simplify the description and is not intended to exclude application to embodiments 2 to 6.

[0147] In one modified example, the piping system 1, 1A does not necessarily have to include all of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, and may include at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4. The piping system 1C does not necessarily have to include both the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, and may include either one of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0148] In one modified example, the straight pipe sections such as the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7 may be made of a plurality of pipe materials rather than a single pipe material.

[0149] In one variant, the material of the components of the piping system 1, such as the straight pipe sections of the vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, and vertical pipe 7, or the joints of the curved pipes 5-1, 5-2, etc., does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride, and may be determined according to the requirements of the piping system 1, and may be, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or a metal.

[0150] In one modified example, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the protrusion member 6-1 may have an asymmetric shape with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Depending on the installation environment of the piping system 1 or the piping member 10, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be set individually, and do not necessarily have to be symmetric with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0151] In one modification, the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have the contact end surface 66.

[0152] In one modified example, the shape, number and arrangement of the protrusions 67 of the protrusion member 6-1 may be appropriately changed according to the shape, number and arrangement of the recesses 3c of the upright pipe 3. The recesses 3c may be holes rather than notches. The position of the recesses 3c is not limited to the edge of the upstream end 3. The protrusions 67 and the recesses 3c are preferably provided so as to facilitate positioning of the protrusion member 6-1 relative to the upright pipe 3. However, the protrusion member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have the protrusions 67.

[0153] In one modified example, the protruding member 6-1 may be formed integrally with the riser pipe 3, rather than being a separate member from the riser pipe 3. This is equivalent to the inner peripheral surface 30a of the riser pipe 3 including the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0154] In one modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 do not necessarily have the same configuration or structure. For example, at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 may satisfy one or more of 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L, A1 / A≦0.4, or 0.5d≦L≦5.0d.

[0155] In one modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 do not necessarily have to have the same shape and size, and may have different shapes and sizes. In other words, the shapes and sizes of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 may be appropriately set depending on the locations where the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are arranged.

[0156] In one variant, the protruding member 6-1 does not have to be entirely contained within the riser pipe 3. In particular, the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 may protrude from the riser pipe 3 to the outside.

[0157] In one modified example, the material of the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to be hard polyvinyl chloride. The material of the protruding member 6-1 may be determined according to the requirements of the piping system 1, and may be, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Also, the material of the protruding member 6-1 may be a metal instead of a synthetic resin.

[0158] In one modified example, the shape and size of a part or the whole of the piping system 1 may be different from those of the above embodiment. For example, unlike the above embodiment, in the piping system 1, the shape of the bent pipes 5-1 and 5-2, the shape of the vertical pipe 3, and the shape of the horizontal pipe 4 may be polygonal rather than circular.

[0159] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the eaves gutter 2. For example, if the building 11 has a structure with a water collection port such as a balcony, the joint 5-2 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the water collection port of the building 11.

[0160] In one modified example, the drain 8 may be a drain having a structure that is generally considered not to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphoning phenomenon. In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the drain 8. The drain 8 is not an essential component of the piping system 1, and may be provided as appropriate taking into consideration the installation environment of the piping system 1, etc.

[0161] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the upright pipe 7. The upright pipe 7 is not an essential component of the piping system 1, and may be provided appropriately in consideration of the installation environment of the piping system 1, etc.

[0162] In one modified example, the piping system 1 is not limited to a gutter system, which is a type of drainage system, but may be other drainage systems such as a sewage system, or may be applied to a water supply system such as a drinking water system. That is, the protruding member or the piping member may be used in a system that supplies or drains water. In addition, the piping system 1 may be a piping system for transporting a target fluid in a facility such as a factory. That is, the fluid transported by the piping system 1 is not limited to rainwater.

[0163] [3. Aspects] As is apparent from the above embodiment and modifications, the present disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0164] [Aspect 1] A piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, comprising: A plurality of straight pipe sections; One or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other; one or more protrusion members disposed inside one or more corresponding straight pipe portions among the plurality of straight pipe portions and configured to partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe portions; Equipped with Piping system.

[0165] [Aspect 2] The one or more protruding members have a vertex that is located between a first end and a second end in a flow direction in which the fluid flows through the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections and that minimizes a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe sections. 2. The piping system of embodiment 1.

[0166] [Aspect 3] The one or more protruding members are located at the one or more joint side ends of the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections, 3. The piping system of embodiment 2.

[0167] [Aspect 4] In the flow direction, the apex is closer to the first end than to the second end; the one or more protruding members, the first ends being closer to the one or more fittings than the second ends; 4. The piping system of embodiment 3.

[0168] [Aspect 5] The straight pipe sections include a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section, The one or more joints include a tee that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe section and causes the fluid to flow out from the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4.

[0169] [Aspect 6] The first straight pipe section is located downstream of the bent pipe, The one or more protruding members are located on the inner periphery side of the bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe section on the tee side. The piping system of embodiment 5.

[0170] [Aspect 7] The one or more protruding members are located on the first straight pipe section side at the tee side end of at least one of the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section, The piping system of embodiment 5.

[0171] [Aspect 8] The straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section, The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4.

[0172] [Aspect 9] The one or more protruding members are an end portion of the first straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side and on the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe; an inner circumferential side of the second bent pipe at an end portion of the second straight pipe portion on the second bent pipe side; The end of the second straight pipe section on the first bent pipe side is on the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe, or The third straight pipe portion has an end portion on the second bent pipe side, the end portion being located on the inner circumferential side of the second bent pipe. At least one of the following: The piping system of embodiment 8.

[0173] [Aspect 10] The first bent pipe and the second bent pipe are 90° elbows. The piping system of embodiment 8 or 9.

[0174] [Aspect 11] The first bent pipe and the second bent pipe are 45° elbows. The piping system of embodiment 8 or 9.

[0175] [Aspect 12] The first straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section are arranged along a vertical direction. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 8 to 11.

[0176] [Aspect 13] The straight pipe sections include a first straight pipe section and a second straight pipe section having a pipe diameter larger than that of the first straight pipe section, The one or more joints are an increaser that connects the first straight pipe section and the second straight pipe section, The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4.

[0177] [Aspect 14] The first straight pipe section is located downstream of the bent pipe, The one or more protruding members are located on the inner periphery side of the bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe section on the increaser side. The piping system of embodiment 13.

[0178] [Aspect 15] The increaser is an eccentric increaser that shifts a central axis of the second straight pipe section from a central axis of the first straight pipe section, The one or more protruding members are located on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe section with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe section at an end portion of the first straight pipe section on the eccentric increaser side. The piping system of embodiment 13.

[0179] Aspects 2 to 15 are optional elements and are not essential. [Industrial Applicability]

[0180] The present disclosure is applicable to piping systems, particularly to piping systems for transporting fluids having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. [Explanation of symbols]

[0181] 1,1A,1B,1C,1D,1E Piping system 3 Vertical pipe (first straight pipe section) 3a Upstream end 4 Horizontal pipe (second straight pipe part) 4a Upstream end 4b Downstream end 5-1, 5A-1 Joint (First bent pipe) 5-2, 5A-2 Joint (Second bent pipe) 6,6-1~6-4 Protruding parts 6a 1st end 6b 2nd end 6c top 7 Vertical pipe (3rd straight pipe section) 7b Downstream end 211 Straight pipe section (1st straight pipe section) 211b Downstream end 212 Straight pipe section (second straight pipe section) 212a Upstream end 213 Straight pipe section (3rd straight pipe section) 213a Upstream end 221 Tee joint 222 Joint (bent pipe) 311 Straight pipe section (first straight pipe section) C311 center axis 312 Straight pipe section (second straight pipe section) C312 center axis 313 Straight pipe section (3rd straight pipe section) 321 Joint (increaser) 321E Fittings (Increaser, Eccentric Increaser) 322 Joint (Bent Pipe)

Claims

1. A piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, comprising: A plurality of straight pipe sections; One or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other; one or more protrusion members disposed inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections and configured to partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections; Equipped with Piping system.

2. the one or more protruding members have a top portion that is located between a first end and a second end in a flow direction in which the fluid flows through the one or more corresponding straight pipe portions and that minimizes a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portions; The piping system of claim 1.

3. The one or more protruding members are located at the one or more joint side ends of the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections. The piping system of claim 2.

4. In the flow direction, the apex is closer to the first end than to the second end; the one or more projection members, the first ends being closer to the one or more joints than the second ends; The piping system of claim 3.

5. The straight pipe sections include a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section, The one or more joints include a tee that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe section and causes the fluid to flow out from the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section. The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The first straight pipe portion is located downstream of the bent pipe, The one or more protruding members are located on the inner periphery side of the bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe section on the tee side. The piping system of claim 5.

7. The one or more protruding members are located on the first straight pipe section side at the tee side end of at least one of the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section, The piping system of claim 5.

8. The straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section, The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion. The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. The one or more protruding members include an end portion of the first straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side and on the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe; an inner circumferential side of the second bent tube at an end portion of the second straight tube portion on the second bent tube side; An end portion of the second straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side, the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe, or The third straight pipe portion has an end portion on the second bent pipe side, the end portion being located on the inner circumferential side of the second bent pipe. At least one of the following: The piping system of claim 8.

10. The first bent pipe and the second bent pipe are 90° elbows. The piping system of claim 8.

11. The first bent pipe and the second bent pipe are 45° elbows. The piping system of claim 8.

12. The first straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion are arranged along a vertical direction. The piping system of claim 8.

13. The straight pipe sections include a first straight pipe section and a second straight pipe section having a pipe diameter larger than that of the first straight pipe section, The one or more joints are an increaser that connects the first straight pipe section and the second straight pipe section, The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

14. The first straight pipe portion is located downstream of the bent pipe, The one or more protruding members are located on the inner periphery side of the bent pipe at an end portion of the first straight pipe portion on the increaser side.

14. The piping system of claim 13.

15. the increaser is an eccentric increaser that shifts a central axis of the second straight pipe section from a central axis of the first straight pipe section, The one or more protruding members are located on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe section with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe section at an end portion of the first straight pipe section on the eccentric increaser side.

14. The piping system of claim 13.

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