Apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data in wireless power transmission system

Abstract

To provide an apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data in a wireless power transmission system.SOLUTION: The present specification relates to an apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data in a wireless power transmission system. Such a specification discloses a wireless power reception device including: a power pickup circuit configured to receive, from a wireless power transmission device, wireless power generated based on magnetic coupling in a power transmission phase; and a communication and control circuit configured to transmit, to the wireless power transmission device, a configuration packet including first dual data stream information, or to receive, from the wireless power transmission device, a capability packet including second dual data stream information. Upper layer data can be effectively exchanged by clearly recognizing whether the upper layer data is bidirectionally transmitted between the wireless power transmission device and the wireless power reception device, and accuracy of power loss and saving of processing resources can be achieved by synchronizing the timing of calculating the power loss between the wireless power transmission device and the wireless power reception device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to wireless power transmission systems, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data. [Background technology]

[0002] A contactless wireless charging method is an energy transmission method that transmits energy electromagnetically, eliminating the need for wires, as opposed to the conventional method of transmitting energy via wires to power electronic devices. There are two types of contactless wireless transmission methods: electromagnetic induction and resonance. The electromagnetic induction method transmits power by generating a magnetic field via a power transmitting coil (primary coil) in the power transmitting unit and positioning a receiving coil (secondary coil) in a position where a current can be induced. The resonance method transmits energy by using the resonance phenomenon between the transmitting coil and receiving coil. However, it uses resonance mode energy coupling between the coils by configuring the system so that the resonant frequency of the primary coil and the resonant frequency of the secondary coil are the same.

[0003] The wireless power transmission system may have an application layer message exchange function to support extension to various application fields. Based on this function, device authentication related information or other application level information may be transmitted and received between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device. In order for upper layer messages to be exchanged between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device, a separate hierarchical architecture for data transmission may be configured. A protocol that allows such upper layer messages or upper layer data to be effectively exchanged is required.

[0004] Meanwhile, the wireless power transmission system supports foreign object detection (FOD) based on power loss. However, if the timings of measuring the transmission power and the reception power of the wireless power transmission device and the wireless power reception device are not synchronized, it is difficult to calculate the accurate power loss. In addition, since it is difficult for the wireless power transmission device to accurately predict the timing of receiving a received power packet from the wireless power reception device, the transmission power must be calculated cumulatively for each offset. This results in a waste of processing resources of the wireless power transmission device. Therefore, a method for synchronizing the timing of calculating the power loss between the wireless power transmission device and the reception device is required. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for transmitting wireless power, and an apparatus and method for receiving wireless power, which transmit information indicating whether bidirectional transmission of higher layer data is supported.

[0006] Another technical object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for transmitting wireless power, and an apparatus and method for receiving wireless power, which receive information indicating whether bidirectional transmission of upper layer data is supported.

[0007] Another technical object of the present invention is to provide a wireless power receiving apparatus and method for transmitting a packet for synchronizing the timing for calculating the power loss.

[0008] Another technical object of the present invention is to provide a wireless power transmission apparatus and method for receiving a packet that synchronizes the timing for calculating the power loss. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless power receiving device, comprising: a power pickup circuit configured to receive wireless power generated based on magnetic coupling from a wireless power transmitting device in a power transfer phase; and a communication / control circuit configured to transmit a configuration packet to the wireless power transmitting device, the configuration packet including first dual data stream information indicating whether a data stream output from the wireless power transmitting device to the wireless power receiving device and a data stream input from the wireless power transmitting device can be simultaneously supported, and the wireless power transmitting device receives a capability packet from the wireless power transmitting device, the capability packet including second dual data stream information indicating whether a data stream output from the wireless power transmitting device to the wireless power receiving device and a data stream input from the wireless power receiving device to the wireless power transmitting device can be simultaneously supported.

[0010] In one aspect, when the first dual data stream information indicates the simultaneous support and the second dual data stream information indicates the simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to transmit a first data stream to the wireless power transmission device while simultaneously receiving a second data stream from the wireless power transmission device.

[0011] In another aspect, if at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate the simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to open only one of the first data stream to the wireless power transmission device or the second data stream from the wireless power transmission device.

[0012] In another feature, the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information are each one bit and indicate simultaneous support or no simultaneous support.

[0013] In another aspect, the communication / control circuit transmits a timing packet to the wireless power transmitting device indicating the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval for calculating the received wireless power.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless power transmitting device, the wireless power transmitting device including: a power conversion circuit configured to transmit wireless power generated based on magnetic coupling to a wireless power receiving device in a power transfer phase; and a communication / control circuit configured to transmit a capability packet to the wireless power receiving device, the capability packet including first dual data stream information indicating whether a data stream output from the wireless power receiving device to the wireless power transmitting device and a data stream input from the wireless power receiving device can be simultaneously supported, and receive a configuration packet from the wireless power receiving device, the configuration packet including second dual data stream information indicating whether a data stream output from the wireless power receiving device to the wireless power transmitting device and a data stream input from the wireless power transmitting device to the wireless power receiving device can be simultaneously supported.

[0015] In one aspect, if the first dual data stream information indicates the simultaneous support and the second dual data stream information indicates the simultaneous support, the communications / control circuit is configured to transmit a first data stream to the wireless power receiving device while simultaneously receiving a second data stream from the wireless power receiving device.

[0016] In another aspect, if at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate the simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to open only one of the first data stream to the wireless power receiving device or the second data stream from the wireless power receiving device.

[0017] In another feature, the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information are each one bit and indicate simultaneous support or no simultaneous support.

[0018] In another aspect, the communication / control circuit receives a timing packet from the wireless power receiving device indicating the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval for calculating the transmitted wireless power. Effect of the Invention

[0019] By clearly recognizing whether or not upper layer data can be transmitted in both directions between the wireless power transmitting device and the wireless power receiving device, upper layer data can be effectively exchanged, and by synchronizing the timing of calculating power loss between the wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device, accuracy of power loss and saving of processing resources can be achieved. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment. [Figure 3a] 1 illustrates an example of various electronic devices in which a wireless power transmission system may be implemented. [Figure 3b] 1 shows an example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system. [Figure 4a] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment. [Figure 4b] 1 shows an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied. [Figure 4c] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example. [Figure 4d] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure. [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a power control method according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission device according to another embodiment. [Figure 8] 1 shows a wireless power receiving device according to another embodiment. [Figure 9] 2 illustrates a communication frame structure according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a sync pattern according to an embodiment; [Figure 11] 4 illustrates an operation state of a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver in a shared mode according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] 1 illustrates an application level data stream between a wireless power transmitting device and a receiving device according to an example. [Figure 13] 1 illustrates a hierarchical architecture for transmitting data streams between a wireless power transmitting device and a wireless power receiving device according to an example. [Figure 14] 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for transmitting a data stream according to an example. [Figure 15] 1 is a configuration packet containing dual data stream information according to an example. [Figure 16] 1 is a capabilities packet containing dual data stream information according to an example. [Figure 17] 4 illustrates timing for calculating received power by a wireless power receiving device according to an example. [Figure 18]4 illustrates timing for calculating transmission power in a wireless power transmission apparatus according to an example. [Figure 19] 1 illustrates a method of using timing packets according to an example. [Figure 20] 4 illustrates a timing packet according to an example. [Figure 21] 13 illustrates a timing packet according to another example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] In this specification, technical features described individually in one drawing may be implemented individually or simultaneously. The term "wireless power" used hereinafter is used to mean any form of energy associated with an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, etc., transmitted from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver without the use of a physical electromagnetic conductor. Wireless power, also called a wireless power signal, may mean an oscillating magnetic flux enclosed by a primary coil and a secondary coil. For example, power conversion in a system for wirelessly charging devices including mobile phones, cordless phones, iPods, MP3 players, headsets, etc. is described herein. In general, the basic principle of wireless power transmission includes, for example, a method of transmitting power via magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power via radio frequency (RF), a method of transmitting power via microwave, and a method of transmitting power via ultrasound.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to one embodiment.

[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless power system 10 includes a wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and a wireless power receiving apparatus 200 .

[0024] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 generates a magnetic field by receiving power from an external power source S. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 receives power wirelessly by generating a current using the generated magnetic field.

[0025] In addition, in the wireless power system 10, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit and receive various information required for wireless power transmission. Herein, communication between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can be performed by any one of in-band communication using a magnetic field used for wireless power transmission and out-band communication using a separate communication carrier. Out-band communication is also called out-of-band communication. Hereinafter, the term out-band communication will be used. Examples of out-band communication include NFC, Bluetooth, BLE (Bluetooth low energy), etc.

[0026] Here, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may be provided as a fixed type or a mobile type. Examples of the fixed type include an embedded type in a ceiling, a wall, or furniture such as a table, an implant type installed in an outdoor parking lot, a bus stop, or a subway station, or an installed in a transportation means such as a vehicle or a train. The mobile type wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may be implemented as a part of another device such as a mobile device having a movable weight and size, or a cover of a notebook computer.

[0027] In addition, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 should be interpreted as a comprehensive concept including various electronic devices equipped with a battery and various home appliances that are driven by receiving power wirelessly instead of through a power cable. Representative examples of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 include a portable terminal, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable media player (PMP), a Wibro terminal, a tablet, a phablet, a notebook, a digital camera, a navigation terminal, a television, an electric vehicle (EV), and the like.

[0028] In the wireless power system 10, the wireless power receiving device 200 may be one or more. In Fig. 1, the wireless power transmitting device 100 and the wireless power receiving device 200 are shown to exchange power one-to-one, but it is also possible for one wireless power transmitting device 100 to transmit power to multiple wireless power receiving devices 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M as shown in Fig. 2. In particular, when wireless power transmission is performed using a magnetic resonance method, one wireless power transmitting device 100 can transmit power to multiple wireless power receiving devices 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M simultaneously by applying a simultaneous transmission method or a time division transmission method.

[0029] 1 shows a method in which the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 directly transmits power to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200, a separate wireless power transceiver such as a relay or repeater for increasing the wireless power transmission distance may be provided between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. In this case, power may be transmitted from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to the wireless power transceiver, and the wireless power transceiver may transmit power again to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0030] Hereinafter, a wireless power receiver, a power receiver, and a receiver referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving device 200. Also, a wireless power transmitter, a power transmitter, and a transmitter referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving and transmitting device 100.

[0031] FIG. 3 shows examples of various electronic devices in which the wireless power transmission system can be implemented.

[0032] Figure 3 shows electronic devices classified according to the amount of power transmitted and received by a wireless power transmission system. Referring to Figure 3, a low-power (about 5W or less or about 20W or less) wireless charging method can be applied to wearable devices such as smart watches, smart glasses, HMDs (Head Mounted Displays), and smart rings, and mobile (or portable) electronic devices such as earphones, remote controls, smartphones, PDAs, and tablet PCs.

[0033] A medium-power (approximately 50W or less or approximately 200W or less) wireless charging method can be applied to small and medium-sized home appliances such as notebooks, robot vacuums, TVs, audio equipment, vacuums, and monitors. A high-power (approximately 2kW or less or approximately 22kW or less) wireless charging method can be applied to kitchen appliances such as blenders, microwave ovens, and electric rice cookers, and personal mobility devices (or electronic devices / mobility means) such as wheelchairs, electric kick scooters, electric bicycles, and electric cars.

[0034] The electronic devices / mobile means described above (or shown in FIG. 1) may each include a wireless power receiver described below. Thus, the electronic devices / mobile means described above can be charged by wirelessly receiving power from a wireless power transmitter.

[0035] Although the following description will focus on a mobile device to which a wireless power charging method is applied, this is merely an embodiment, and the wireless charging method according to the present specification can be applied to the various electronic devices described above.

[0036] Standards for wireless power transmission include the wireless power consortium (WPC), the air fuel alliance (AFA), and the power matters alliance (PMA).

[0037] The WPC standard defines a baseline power profile (BPP) and an extended power profile (EPP), where the BPP is for wireless power transmitting and receiving devices supporting 5W power transmission, and the EPP is for wireless power transmitting and receiving devices supporting power transmission in the range greater than 5W and less than 30W.

[0038] Various wireless power transmitters and receivers using different power levels are covered by each standard and may be classified into different power classes or categories.

[0039] For example, the WPC classifies wireless power transmitters and receivers into power classes (PC)-1, PC0, PC1, and PC2, and provides standard documents for each PC. The PC-1 standard is for wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of less than 5W. Applications of PC-1 include wearable devices such as smart watches.

[0040] The PC0 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide a guaranteed power of 5W. The PC0 standard includes EPP with guaranteed power up to 30W. In-band (IB) communication is the mandatory communication protocol of PC0, and out-band (OB) communication can also be used, which is used as an optional backup channel. A wireless power receiver can identify whether or not it supports OB by setting an OB flag in a configuration packet. A wireless power transmitter that supports OB can enter the OB handover phase by transmitting a bit pattern for OB handover in response to the configuration packet. The response to the configuration packet is NAK, ND, or a newly defined 8-bit pattern. Applications of PC0 include smartphones.

[0041] The PC1 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of 30W to 150W. OB is the required communication channel for PC1, and IB is used for initialization and link establishment to OB. The wireless power transmitter can enter the OB handover phase using a bit pattern for OB handover in response to a configuration packet. PC1 applications include laptops and power tools.

[0042] The PC2 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power from 200W to 2kW, and its applications include kitchen appliances.

[0043] In this manner, PCs can be distinguished according to power levels, and whether or not to support same-PC compatibility is optional or mandatory. Here, same-PC compatibility means that power can be transmitted and received between the same PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitting apparatus that is PCx can charge a wireless power receiving apparatus having the same PCx, it can be determined that same-PC compatibility is maintained. Similarly, compatibility between different PCs can also be supported. Here, different-PC compatibility means that power can be transmitted and received between different PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitting apparatus that is PCx can charge a wireless power receiving apparatus having PCy, it can be determined that different-PC compatibility is maintained.

[0044] Supporting inter-PC compatibility is a very important issue in terms of user experience and infrastructure construction. However, maintaining inter-PC compatibility has many technical issues, such as the following:

[0045] In the case of compatibility between the same PCs, for example, a wireless power receiving device of a lap-top charging type, which can be stably charged only when power is transmitted continuously, has a problem when receiving a stable supply of power from a wireless power transmitting device of an electric tool type, which transmits power discontinuously, even if the wireless power transmitting device is a wireless power transmitting device of the same PC. In addition, in the case of compatibility between different PCs, for example, a wireless power transmitting device with a minimum guaranteed power of 200 W may be damaged by overvoltage when transmitting power to a wireless power receiving device with a maximum guaranteed power of 5 W. As a result, it is difficult to determine PCs as an index / standard representing / indicating compatibility.

[0046] The wireless power transmitting and receiving device can provide a highly convenient user experience and interface (UX / UI). That is, a smart wireless charging service can be provided. The smart wireless charging service can be implemented based on the UX / UI of a smartphone including the wireless power transmitting device. For such applications, the interface between the smartphone's processor and the wireless charging receiving device allows "drop and play" bidirectional communication between the wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device.

[0047] As an example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service in a hotel. When a user enters a hotel room and places a smartphone on the wireless charger in the room, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which the smartphone asks the user for consent (opt-in) to additional features. To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message can include text such as "Welcome to ### hotel. Select "Yes" to activate smart charging functions: Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user's input of selecting Yes or No Thanks and performs the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. Then, the smartphone and the wireless charger perform the smart charging function together.

[0048] The smart wireless charging service may also include receiving WiFi credentials auto-filled, for example, the wireless charger sends WiFi credentials to the smartphone, and the smartphone automatically fills in the WiFi credentials received from the wireless charger by running an appropriate APP.

[0049] The smart wireless charging service may also include running a hotel application that provides hotel promotions or obtains remote check-in / check-out and contact information.

[0050] As another example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service in a vehicle. When a user gets into a vehicle and places a smartphone on a wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, or detects reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which it queries the user for ID (identity) confirmation.

[0051] In this state, the smartphone automatically connects to the car via WiFi and / or Bluetooth. The smartphone may display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message may include text such as "Welcome to your car. Select "Yes" to synch device with in-car controls: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user input selecting Yes or No Thanks and executes the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and the wireless charger may then run the application / display software in the vehicle to perform smart control functions in the vehicle together. The user may enjoy desired music and check the correct map location. The application / display software in the vehicle may include a capability to provide synchronized access for passersby.

[0052] As another example, a user can experience smart wireless charging in the home. When a user enters a room and places a smartphone on the proposed wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. During this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects the reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which the smartphone asks the user for consent (opt-in) to additional features. To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message can include text such as "Hi xxx, Would you like to activate night mode and secure the building?: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user input selecting Yes or No Thanks and executes the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and the wireless charger can at least recognize the user's pattern and invite the user to close doors and windows, turn off the power, or set an alarm.

[0053] Hereinafter, a new term "profile" is defined as an index / criteria representing / indicating compatibility. That is, it can be interpreted that compatibility is maintained between wireless power transceivers having the same "profile" and stable power transmission / reception is possible, and power transmission / reception is not possible between wireless power transceivers having different "profiles." Profiles can be defined according to compatibility and / or application regardless of (or independently of) power class.

[0054] The profiles can be broadly divided into three categories: i) Mobile & Computer, ii) Power Tools, and iii) Kitchen.

[0055] Alternatively, the profiles can be broadly divided into four categories: i) mobile, ii) power tools, iii) kitchen, and iv) wearable.

[0056] In the case of the 'Mobile' profile, the PC can be defined as PC0 and / or PC1, the communication protocol / method can be IB and OB, the operating frequency can be defined as 87 to 205 kHz, and examples of applications can include smartphones, laptops, etc.

[0057] In the case of the 'power tool' profile, the PC can be defined as PC1, the communication protocol / method as IB, and the operating frequency as 87~145kHz, and power tools can be an example of an application.

[0058] In the case of the 'Kitchen' profile, the PC can be defined as PC2, the communication protocol / method as NFC-based, and the operating frequency as less than 100kHz. Examples of applications include kitchen / home appliances.

[0059] In the case of the power tool and kitchen profiles, NFC communication can be used between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver. The wireless power transmitter and the receiver can confirm that they are NFC devices by exchanging WPC NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Profile Format). For example, WPC NDEF can include an application profile field (e.g., 1B), a version field (e.g., 1B), and profile specific data (e.g., 1B) as shown in FIG. 3b. The application profile field indicates whether the corresponding device is i) a mobile and computer, ii) a power tool, or iii) a kitchen, and the upper nibble of the version field indicates the major version and the lower nibble indicates the minor version. The profile specific data defines the content for the kitchen.

[0060] In the case of the 'Wearable' profile, the PC can be defined as PC-1, the communication protocol / method as IB, and the operating frequency as 87~205kHz. An example of an application could be a wearable device worn on the user's body.

[0061] Maintaining compatibility within the same profile is a requirement, while maintaining compatibility between different profiles is a choice.

[0062] The above-mentioned profiles (mobile profile, power tool profile, kitchen profile and wearable profile) can be generalized and expressed as profiles 1 to n, and new profiles can be added / replaced depending on the WPC standard and embodiment.

[0063] When the profile is defined in this way, a wireless power transmitting apparatus can selectively transmit power only to a wireless power receiving apparatus having the same profile as itself, thereby enabling more stable power transmission. In addition, the burden on the wireless power transmitting apparatus is reduced, and the wireless power receiving apparatus is prevented from attempting to transmit power to an incompatible wireless power receiving apparatus, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the wireless power receiving apparatus.

[0064] PC1 in the 'Mobile' profile can be defined by borrowing a selective extension such as OB based on PC0, and in the case of the 'Power Tool' profile, PC1 can be defined as a simply modified version of the 'Mobile' profile. Also, up until now, it has been defined for the purpose of maintaining compatibility between the same profiles, but in the future, technology may develop in the direction of maintaining compatibility between different profiles. A wireless power transmitting device or a wireless power receiving device can inform the other of its profile through various methods.

[0065] The AFA standard refers to a wireless power transmitting device as a PTU (power transmitting circuit) and a wireless power receiving device as a PRU (power receiving circuit). PTUs are classified into a number of classes as shown in Table 1, and PRUs are classified into a number of categories as shown in Table 2.

[0066] [Table 1]

[0067] [Table 2]

[0068] As shown in Table 1, the maximum output power capability of a class n PTU is determined by the P TX_IN_MAX A PRU cannot draw more power than is specified for that category.

[0069] FIG. 4a is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 4a, the wireless power transmission system 10 includes a mobile device 450 that wirelessly receives power and a base station 400 that wirelessly transmits power.

[0071] The base station 400 is a device that provides inductive power or resonant power and can include at least one wireless power transmitter 100 and a system circuit 405. The wireless power transmitter 100 can transmit inductive power or resonant power and control the transmission. The wireless power transmitter 100 can include a power conversion circuit 110 that converts electrical energy into a power signal by generating a magnetic field through a primary coil(s) and a communications & control circuit 120 that controls communication with the wireless power receiver 200 and power transfer to transfer power at an appropriate level. The system circuit 405 can perform input power provisioning, control of multiple wireless power transmitters, and other operational control of the base station 400, such as user interface control.

[0072] The primary coil can generate an electromagnetic field using AC power (or voltage or current). The primary coil can generate a magnetic field of a specific frequency by receiving AC power (or voltage or current) of a specific frequency output from the power conversion circuit 110. The magnetic field can be generated in a non-radiative or radiative manner, and the wireless power receiving device 200 receives the magnetic field and generates a current. That is, the primary coil transmits power wirelessly.

[0073] In magnetic induction, the primary and secondary coils can have any suitable form, for example, copper wire wound around a highly permeable formation such as ferrite or amorphous metal. The primary coil may also be called the transmitting coil, primary core, primary winding, primary loop antenna, etc., while the secondary coil may also be called the receiving coil, secondary core, secondary winding, secondary loop antenna, pickup antenna, etc.

[0074] When using the magnetic resonance method, the primary coil and the secondary coil may be provided in the form of a primary resonant antenna and a secondary resonant antenna, respectively. The resonant antenna may have a resonant structure including a coil and a capacitor. At this time, the resonant frequency of the resonant antenna is determined by the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the capacitor. Here, the coil may be in the form of a loop. Also, a core may be disposed inside the loop. The core may include a physical core such as a ferrite core or an air core.

[0075] Energy transmission between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna may be performed through a magnetic resonance phenomenon. The resonance phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which, when a near field corresponding to a resonant frequency occurs in one resonant antenna, if another resonant antenna is located nearby, the two resonant antennas are coupled to each other, and highly efficient energy transfer occurs between the resonant antennas. When a magnetic field corresponding to a resonant frequency occurs between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna, the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna resonate with each other, and thus, the magnetic field is focused toward the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency than when the magnetic field generated in the primary resonant antenna is radiated into free space in general, and therefore, energy can be transferred from the primary resonant antenna to the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency. The magnetic induction method may be implemented similarly to the magnetic resonance method, but in this case, the frequency of the magnetic field does not need to be the resonant frequency. Instead, the magnetic induction method requires matching between the loops constituting the primary coil and the secondary coil, and the distance between the loops must be fairly close.

[0076] Although not shown in the drawings, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0077] The communication / control circuit 120 can transmit and receive information to and from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. The communication / control circuit 120 can include at least one of an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0078] The IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can perform in-band communication by including communication information in an operating frequency of wireless power transmission and transmitting it through the primary coil, or receiving an operating frequency including information through the primary coil. In this case, information can be included in magnetic waves or magnetic waves including information can be interpreted using a modulation method such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK) and a coding method such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level (NZR-L) coding. By using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 120 can transmit and receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0079] The OB communication module can also perform out-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can be provided in a short-range communication module. Examples of short-range communication modules include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0080] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the overall operation of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100. The communication / control circuit 120 can perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100.

[0081] The communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented as a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination of these. In terms of hardware, the communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in terms of software, the communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented in the form of a program that drives the hardware communication / control circuit 120.

[0082] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmission power by controlling an operating point. The controlled operating point can correspond to a combination of a frequency (or phase), a duty cycle, a duty ratio, and a voltage amplitude. The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmission power by adjusting at least one of the frequency (or phase), the duty cycle, the duty ratio, and the voltage amplitude. In addition, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can supply a constant power, and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can control the reception power by controlling a resonant frequency.

[0083] The mobile device 450 includes a wireless power receiver 200 that receives wireless power through a secondary coil, and a load 455 that receives the power received by the wireless power receiver 200, stores the power, and supplies it to the device.

[0084] The wireless power receiving device 200 may include a power pick-up circuit 210 and a communications & control circuit 220. The power pick-up circuit 210 may receive wireless power through a secondary coil and convert it into electrical energy. The power pick-up circuit 210 rectifies an AC signal obtained through the secondary coil and converts it into a DC signal. The communications & control circuit 220 may control the transmission and reception of wireless power (power transmission and reception).

[0085] The secondary coil can receive wireless power transmitted from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The secondary coil can receive power by using a magnetic field generated in the primary coil. Here, when a specific frequency is a resonant frequency, a magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs between the primary coil and the secondary coil, so that power can be transmitted more efficiently.

[0086] Although not shown in FIG. 4a, the communication / control circuit 220 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0087] The communication / control circuit 220 can transmit and receive information to and from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The communication / control circuit 220 can include at least one of an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0088] The IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 220 can perform IB communication by including information in magnetic waves and transmitting the magnetic waves through a secondary coil, or receiving the magnetic waves including information through a secondary coil. In this case, the magnetic waves can include information or interpret the magnetic waves including information using a modulation method such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK), and a coding method such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level (NZR-L) coding. By using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 220 can transmit and receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0089] The OB communication module may also perform out-of-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuitry 220 may be provided in a near-field communication module.

[0090] Examples of short-range communication modules include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC communication modules.

[0091] The communication / control circuit 220 may control the overall operation of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. The communication / control circuit 220 may perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0092] The communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented as a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination of both. In terms of hardware, the communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals and performs a control function, and in terms of software, the communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented in the form of a program that drives the hardware communication / control circuit 220.

[0093] When the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 are Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as an OB communication module or a short-range communication module, the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 can each be embodied and operated in a communication architecture such as that of FIG. 4b.

[0094] FIG. 4b shows an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied.

[0095] Referring to Figure 4b, (a) of Figure 4b shows an example of a Bluetooth BR (Basic Rate) / EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) protocol stack supporting GATT, and (b) shows an example of a Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) protocol stack.

[0096] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4b (a), the Bluetooth BR / EDR protocol stack may include an upper controller stack 460 and a lower host stack 470 based on the host controller interface (HCI) 18.

[0097] The host stack (or host module) 470 refers to a wireless transceiver module that receives a 2.4 GHz Bluetooth signal and hardware for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth packets, and the controller stack 460 connects to a Bluetooth module and controls the Bluetooth module to perform operations.

[0098] The host stack 470 may include a BR / EDR PHY layer 12 , a BR / EDR Baseband layer 14 , and a Link Manager layer 16 .

[0099] The BR / EDR PHY layer 12 is a layer for transmitting and receiving 2.4 GHz radio signals, and when using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation, it can transmit data by hopping through 79 RF channels.

[0100] The BR / EDR Baseband layer 14 is responsible for transmitting digital signals, selecting a channel sequence that hops 1400 times per second, and transmitting a time slot of 625 us for each channel.

[0101] The link manager layer 16 controls the overall operation (link setup, control, security) of the Bluetooth connection using the Link Manager Protocol (LMP).

[0102] The link manager layer 16 can perform the following functions:

[0103] -ACL / SCO logical transport, logical link setup and control.

[0104] -Detach: Aborts the connection and informs the other device of the reason for the abort.

[0105] -Power control and role switch.

[0106] -Performs security (authentication, pairing, encryption) functions.

[0107] The host controller interface layer 18 provides an interface between the host module and the controller module, allowing the host to provide commands and data to the controller, and the controller to provide events and data to the host.

[0108] The host stack (or host module) 20 includes a Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 21, an Attribute Protocol 22, a Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 23, a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 24, and a BR / EDR Profile 25.

[0109] The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 21 can provide a bidirectional channel for transmitting data in a specific protocol or profile.

[0110] The L2CAP 21 can multiplex various protocols and profiles provided above Bluetooth.

[0111] Bluetooth BR / EDR L2CAP uses dynamic channels, supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode, and provides segmentation, reassembly, per-channel flow control, and error control.

[0112] The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 23 is operable as a protocol that describes how the attribute protocol 22 is utilized when configuring a service. For example, the Generic Attribute Profile 23 is operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together in a service and is operable to describe characteristics associated with a service.

[0113] Thus, the General Attribute Profile 23 and the Attribute Protocol (ATT) 22 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how features relate to each other, and how they are utilized.

[0114] The attribute protocol 22 and the BR / EDR profile 25 define the service (profile) using Bluetooth BR / EDR and the application protocol for exchanging this data, and the Generic Access Profile (GAP) 24 defines device discovery, connection, and security levels.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 4b(b), the Bluetooth LE protocol stack includes a Controller stack 480 operable to handle the timing-critical radio interface and a Host stack 490 operable to handle high level data.

[0116] First, the controller stack 480 may be implemented using a communications module, which may include a Bluetooth radio, and a processor module, which may include a processing device, such as a microprocessor.

[0117] The host stack 490 may be implemented as part of an OS running on the processor module or as an instantiation of a package on the OS.

[0118] In some cases, the controller stack and the host stack may run or execute on the same processing device within a processor module.

[0119] The controller stack 480 includes a Physical Layer (PHY) 32 , a Link Layer 34 , and a Host Controller Interface 36 .

[0120] The physical layer (PHY, wireless transmission / reception module) 32 is a layer for transmitting and receiving 2.4 GHz wireless signals, and uses a frequency hopping technique consisting of Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation and 40 RF channels.

[0121] The link layer 34, which is responsible for transmitting and receiving Bluetooth packets, performs advertising and scanning functions using three advertising channels, creates connections between devices, and provides the function of exchanging data packets of up to 257 bytes through 37 data channels.

[0122] The host stack may include a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 40, a Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 41, a Security Manager (SM) 42, an Attribute Protocol (ATT) 440, a Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 44, a Generic Access Profile (Generic Access Profile) 25, and an LT Profile 46. However, the host stack 490 is not limited thereto and may include various protocols and profiles.

[0123] The host stack uses L2CAP to multiplex various protocols and profiles provided above Bluetooth.

[0124] First, the Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 41 can provide a bidirectional channel for transmitting data in a specific protocol or profile.

[0125] The L2CAP 41 is operable to multiplex data between higher layer protocols, segment and reassemble packages, and manage multicast data transmissions.

[0126] Bluetooth LE basically uses three fixed channels (one for signaling CH, one for security manager, and one for attribute protocol), and can also use dynamic channels as needed.

[0127] In contrast, BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) basically uses dynamic channels and supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, streaming mode, etc.

[0128] Security Manager (SM) 42 is a protocol for authenticating devices and providing key distribution.

[0129] ATT (Attribute Protocol) 43 defines rules for accessing data of a remote device in a server-client structure. ATT has six message types: Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, and Confirmation.

[0130] (1) Request and Response Messages: A Request message is a message for requesting and transmitting specific information from a client device to a server device, and a Response message is a response message to a Request message and means a message that can be used to send from a server device to a client device.

[0131] (2) Command message: A message sent from a client device to a server device mainly to instruct a specific operation, and the server device does not send a response to the Command message to the client device.

[0132] (3) Notification message: A message sent from a server device to a client device to notify the client of an event or the like. The client device does not send a confirmation message to the server device in response to the Notification message.

[0133] (4) Indication and Confirm Message: A message sent from a server device to a client device to notify the client of an event, etc. Unlike a Notification message, the client device sends a Confirm message to the server device in response to an Indication message.

[0134] In the present invention, when a long data is requested in the GATT profile using the attribute protocol (ATT) 43, a value for the data length is transmitted, so that the client can clearly know the data length, and a characteristic value can be transmitted from the server using a UUID.

[0135] The General Access Profile (GAP) 45 is a new layer implemented for Bluetooth LE technology, and is used to control how role selection and multi-profile operation occurs for communication between Bluetooth LE devices.

[0136] The general access profile 45 is mainly used in device discovery, connection creation and security procedures, defines a method for providing information to a user, and defines the following attribute types:

[0137] (1) Service: A combination of data and associated behaviors that defines the basic operation of a device.

[0138] (2) Include: defines the relationship between services

[0139] (3) Characteristics: Data values ​​used in the service

[0140] (4) Behavior: A machine-readable format defined in the UUID (Universal Unique Identifier, value type).

[0141] The LE profile 46 is a profile that depends on GATT and is mainly applied to Bluetooth LE devices. The LE profile 46 includes, for example, Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, Time, etc., and the specific contents of the GATT-based profiles are as follows:

[0142] (1) Battery: Battery information exchange method

[0143] (2) Time: Time information exchange method

[0144] (3) FindMe: Provides distance-based alarm service

[0145] (4) Proximity: Battery information exchange method

[0146] (5) Time: Time information exchange method

[0147] The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 44 is operable as a protocol that describes how the attribute protocol 43 is utilized when configuring a service. For example, the Generic Attribute Profile 44 is operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together in a service and is operable to describe characteristics associated with a service.

[0148] Thus, the General Attribute Profile 44 and the Attribute Protocol (ATT) 43 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how features relate to each other, and how they are utilized.

[0149] The procedure of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology will be briefly described below.

[0150] BLE procedures can be divided into a device filtering procedure, an advertising procedure, a scanning procedure, a discovering procedure, a connecting procedure, etc.

[0151] Device Filtering Procedure

[0152] A device filtering procedure is a method for reducing the number of devices performing responses to requests, instructions, announcements, etc. in a controller stack.

[0153] Because it is not necessary for every device to respond to a request when it is received, the controller stack can reduce the number of requests sent, thereby reducing power consumption in the BLE controller stack.

[0154] An advertising device or a scanning device may perform the device filtering procedure to restrict the devices that receive advertising packets, scan requests or connection requests.

[0155] Here, the advertising device refers to a device that transmits an advertising event, i.e., executes an advertisement, and may be expressed as an advertiser.

[0156] A scanning device refers to a device that performs scanning and sends a scan request.

[0157] In BLE, when a scanning device receives some advertising packets from an advertising device, the scanning device must send a scan request to the advertising device.

[0158] However, if a device filtering procedure is used making a scan request transmission unnecessary, the scanning device may ignore advertisement packets sent from an advertising device.

[0159] A device filtering procedure may also be used in the connection request process. If device filtering is used in the connection request process, the connection request is ignored, making it unnecessary to send a response to the connection request.

[0160] Advertising Procedure

[0161] The advertising device executes an advertising procedure to perform a non-directional broadcast to devices within the area.

[0162] Here, undirected advertising is advertising directed to all devices, not a broadcast directed to a specific device, and all devices can scan the advertising to request additional information or a connection.

[0163] In contrast, with directed advertising, only devices designated as receiving devices can scan the advertising and request additional information or connection.

[0164] The advertisement procedure is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby initiating device.

[0165] Alternatively, the advertising procedure can be used to provide periodic broadcasts of user data to scanning devices listening on the advertising channel.

[0166] In the advertising procedure, all advertisements (or advertising events) are broadcast over an advertising physical channel.

[0167] The advertising device may receive a scan request from a listening device that is listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device, and the advertising device may transmit a response to the scan request to the device that sent the scan request over the same advertising physical channel on which the scan request was received.

[0168] The broadcast user data sent as part of the advertisement packet is dynamic data, whereas the scan response data is generally static data.

[0169] The advertising device can receive a connection request from the initiating device on the advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertising device uses a connectable advertising event and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertising device stops advertising and enters connected mode. The advertising device can start advertising again after the connected mode.

[0170] Scanning Procedure

[0171] A device performing scanning, i.e., a scanning device, performs a scanning procedure to listen for non-directional broadcasts of user data from advertising devices using advertising physical channels.

[0172] The scanning device transmits a scan request to the advertising device via an advertising physical channel to request additional data from the advertising device, and the advertising device transmits a scan response, which is a response to the scan request, including the additional data requested by the scanning device via the advertising physical channel.

[0173] The scanning procedure can be used while connecting with other BLE devices in a BLE piconet.

[0174] If the scanning device is in an initiator mode capable of receiving a broadcasted advertising event and initiating a connection request, the scanning device can initiate a Bluetooth connection with the advertising device by sending a connection request to the advertising device via the advertising physical channel.

[0175] When a scanning device sends a connection request to an advertising device, the scanning device stops initiator mode scanning for additional broadcasts and enters connection mode.

[0176] Discovering Procedure

[0177] A device capable of Bluetooth communication (hereinafter referred to as a 'Bluetooth device') performs an advertisement procedure and a scanning procedure in order to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.

[0178] The discovering procedure is performed asymmetrically. A Bluetooth device that seeks to find other devices in its vicinity is called a discovering device, and listens to find devices advertising scannable advertising events. A Bluetooth device that is found and available to other devices is called a discoverable device, and actively broadcasts advertising events via a broadcast physical channel so that other devices can scan for them.

[0179] Both discovering and discoverable devices may already be connected to other Bluetooth devices in a piconet.

[0180] Connecting Procedure

[0181] The association procedure is asymmetric; it requires that a particular Bluetooth device performs an advertisement procedure while other Bluetooth devices perform a scanning procedure.

[0182] That is, the advertisement procedure can be the objective, so that only one device responds to the advertisement. After receiving a connectable advertisement event from the advertisement device, a connection can be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertisement device via the advertisement (broadcast) physical channel.

[0183] Next, the operation states of the BLE technology, i.e., an advertising state, a scanning state, an initiating state, and a connection state, will be briefly described.

[0184] Advertising State

[0185] The link layer (LL) enters the advertisement state upon instruction from the host (stack). When the link layer is in the advertisement state, it sends an advertisement PDU (Packet Data Circuit) with an advertisement event.

[0186] Each advertising event is composed of at least one advertising PDU, and the advertising PDU is transmitted via the advertising channel index used. The advertising event can be terminated when the advertising PDU is transmitted via each advertising channel index used, or the advertising event can be terminated early if the advertising device needs to make space for performing other functions.

[0187] Scanning State

[0188] The Link Hierarchy enters the Scanning State at the direction of the Host (Stack). In the Scanning State, the Link Hierarchy listens for advertising channel indexes.

[0189] There are two types of scanning states: passive scanning and active scanning, and each scanning type is determined by the host.

[0190] No separate time or advertising channel index is defined for performing the scanning.

[0191] During the scanning state, the link layer listens to the advertising channel index for a scanWindow duration. A scan interval is defined as the interval between the start of two consecutive scan windows.

[0192] The Link Hierarchy shall listen for all scan interval completions of the Scan Window as instructed by the Host if there are no scheduling conflicts. In each Scan Window, the Link Hierarchy shall scan for other advertising channel indexes. The Link Hierarchy shall use all available advertising channel indexes.

[0193] When passively scanning, the Link Layer can only receive packets and cannot send any packets.

[0194] When active scanning, the link layer performs listening to the advertising device to request an advertising PDU and, depending on the advertising PDU type, additional information related to the advertising device may be requested.

[0195] Initiating State

[0196] The link hierarchy enters the starting state at the command of the host (stack).

[0197] When the link hierarchy is in the started state, it listens for an advertising channel index.

[0198] During the start state, the link hierarchy listens for an advertising channel index during a scan window interval.

[0199] Connection state

[0200] The link hierarchy enters the connected state when a device performing a connection request, i.e., an initiating device, sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to an advertising device or when the advertising device receives a CONNECT_REQ PDU from an initiating device.

[0201] A connection is considered to be created after entering the connected state. However, a connection is not necessarily considered to be established at the time of entering the connected state. The only difference between a newly created connection and an already established connection is the link layer connection supervision timeout value.

[0202] When the two devices are connected, they act in different roles.

[0203] A link hierarchy performing a master role is called a master, and a link hierarchy performing a slave role is called a slave. The master controls the timing of a connection event, and a connection event represents a time point at which the master and the slave are synchronized.

[0204] The following is a brief description of the packets defined in the Bluetooth interface. BLE devices use the packets defined below.

[0205] Packet Format

[0206] The Link Layer has only one packet format that is used for both the advertising channel packets and the data channel packets.

[0207] Each packet is made up of four fields: a preamble, an access address, a PDU, and a CRC.

[0208] When a packet is transmitted on the advertising channel, the PDU becomes an advertising channel PDU, and when a packet is transmitted on the data channel, the PDU becomes a data channel PDU.

[0209] Advertising Channel PDU

[0210] An advertisement channel PDU (Packet Data Circuit) has a 16-bit header and a payload of various sizes.

[0211] The PDU type field of the Advertising Channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 3 below.

[0212] [Table 3]

[0213] Advertising PDU

[0214] The following advertising channel PDU types are called advertising PDUs and are used for specific events.

[0215] ADV_IND: Connectable non-directional advertising event

[0216] ADV_DIRECT_IND: Connectable directional advertising event

[0217] ADV_NONCONN_IND: Non-connectable non-directed advertisement event

[0218] ADV_SCAN_IND: Scannable non-directional advertising event

[0219] The PDU is transmitted by the Link Layer in the Advertising State and is received by the Link Layer in the Scanning State or Initiating State.

[0220] Scanning PDU

[0221] The following Advertising Channel PDU types are called Scanning PDUs and are used in the situations described below.

[0222] SCAN_REQ: Sent by the Link Layer in the Scanning state and received by the Link Layer in the Advertising state.

[0223] SCAN_RSP: Transmitted by the Link Layer in the Advertising State and received by the Link Layer in the Scanning State.

[0224] Initiating PDU

[0225] The following Advertising Channel PDU types are referred to as Initiation PDUs.

[0226] CONNECT_REQ: Sent by the Link Layer in the Initiation state and received by the Link Layer in the Advertising state.

[0227] Data Channel PDU

[0228] The data channel PDU has a 16-bit header, a variable size payload, and can include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.

[0229] The procedures, states, packet formats, etc. in the BLE technology described above can be applied to perform the method proposed in this specification.

[0230] Referring again to FIG. 4a, the load 455 is a battery. The battery can store energy by using the power output from the power pickup circuit 210. Meanwhile, the battery does not necessarily have to be included in the mobile device 450. For example, the battery can be provided in an external configuration in a removable form. As another example, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can include a driving means for driving various operations of the electronic device instead of a battery.

[0231] Although the mobile device 450 is illustrated as including a wireless power receiving device 200 and the base station 400 is illustrated as including a wireless power transmitting device 100, in a broad sense, the wireless power receiving device 200 can be regarded as the same as the mobile device 450, and the wireless power transmitting device 100 can be regarded as the same as the base station 400.

[0232] When the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 include an OB communication module or a short-range communication module such as Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE in addition to an IB communication module, the wireless power transmitting device 100 including the communication / control circuit 120 and the wireless power receiving device 200 including the communication / control circuit 220 can be represented as a simplified block diagram as shown in FIG. 4C.

[0233] FIG. 4c is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example.

[0234] 4c, the wireless power transmission device 100 includes a power conversion circuit 110 and a communication / control circuit 120. The communication / control circuit 120 includes an in-band communication module 121 and a BLE communication module 122.

[0235] Meanwhile, the wireless power receiving device 200 includes a power pickup circuit 210 and a communication / control circuit 220. The communication / control circuit 220 includes an in-band communication module 221 and a BLE communication module 222.

[0236] In one aspect, the BLE communication module 122, 222 implements the architecture and operation according to Fig. 4b. For example, the BLE communication module 122, 222 may be used to establish a connection between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 and exchange control information and packets required for wireless power transmission.

[0237] In another aspect, the communications / control circuit 120 can be configured to operate a profile for wireless charging, where the profile for wireless charging is GATT using BLE transmission.

[0238] On the other hand, the communication / control circuits 120, 220 may each include only an in-band communication module 121, 221, as shown in FIG. 4d, and the BLE communication module 122, 222 may be provided separately from the communication / control circuits 120, 220.

[0239] Hereinafter, a coil or a coil section including a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil is also referred to as a coil assembly, a coil cell, or a cell.

[0240] FIG. 5 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 5, power transmission from a wireless power transmission device according to one embodiment of the present invention to a receiver can be broadly divided into a selection phase 510, a ping phase 520, an identification and configuration phase 530, a negotiation phase 540, a calibration phase 550, a power transfer phase 560, and a renegotiation phase 570.

[0242] The selection step 510 is a step to which a transition is made when a specific error or a specific event is detected while starting or maintaining power transmission, for example, including reference numerals S502, S504, S508, S510, and S512. Here, the specific error and the specific event will be clarified through the following description. In addition, in the selection step 510, the wireless power transmission apparatus may monitor whether an object exists on the interface surface. If the wireless power transmission apparatus detects that an object is placed on the interface surface, the wireless power transmission apparatus may transition to a PING step 520. In the selection step 510, the wireless power transmission apparatus may transmit an analog PING signal, which is a power signal (or pulse) corresponding to a fairly short duration, and detect whether an object exists in an active area on the interface surface based on a current change in a transmission coil or a primary coil.

[0243] In the selection step 510, if an object is detected, the wireless power transmitter may measure a quality factor of a wireless power resonant circuit (e.g., a power transmitting coil and / or a resonant capacitor). In one embodiment of the present specification, if an object is detected in the selection step 510, the quality factor may be measured to determine whether the wireless power receiver is placed in the charging area together with a foreign object. The coil provided in the wireless power transmitter may have a reduced inductance and / or a reduced series resistance component in the coil due to an environmental change, thereby reducing the quality factor value. In order to determine whether a foreign object is present using the measured quality factor value, the wireless power transmitter may receive a reference quality factor value measured in advance in a state where no foreign object is placed in the charging area from the wireless power receiver. In the negotiation step 540, the reference quality factor value received may be compared with the measured quality factor value to determine whether a foreign object is present. However, in the case of a wireless power receiving device with a low reference quality factor value (for example, a specific wireless power receiving device may have a low reference quality factor value depending on the type, use, and characteristics of the wireless power receiving device), there may be a problem that it is difficult to determine whether a foreign object exists because there is not a large difference between the quality factor value measured when a foreign object exists and the reference quality factor value. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether a foreign object exists by further considering other determination factors or using other methods.

[0244] In another embodiment of the present invention, when an object is detected in the selection step 510, a quality factor value in a specific frequency range (e.g., an operating frequency range) may be measured to determine whether or not a foreign object is placed in the charging area. The inductance and / or the series resistance component in the coil of the wireless power transmission device may be reduced due to an environmental change, and thus the resonant frequency of the coil of the wireless power transmission device may be changed (shifted). That is, the quality factor peak frequency, which is the frequency at which the maximum quality factor value in the operating frequency band is measured, may move.

[0245] In step 520, when an object is detected, the wireless power transmission apparatus wakes up the receiver and transmits a digital ping to identify whether the detected object is a wireless power receiver. In the PING step 520, if the wireless power transmission apparatus cannot receive a response signal, such as a signal strength packet, to the digital ping from the receiver, the wireless power transmission apparatus may transition to the selection step 510 again. In addition, in the PING step 520, the wireless power transmission apparatus may transition to the selection step 510 if it receives a signal, such as a charging completion packet, indicating that power transmission is completed from the receiver.

[0246] Upon completion of the PING step 520, the wireless power transmission device can transition to an identification and configuration step 530 to identify the receiver and collect receiver configuration and status information.

[0247] In the identification and configuration step 530, the wireless power transmission device can transition to the selection step 510 if an unexpected packet is received (unexpected packet), or a desired packet is not received within a predefined time (time out), or there is a packet transmission error (transmission error), or no power transfer contract is set (no power transfer contract).

[0248] The wireless power transmitting apparatus may check whether it is necessary to enter a negotiation stage 540 based on a negotiation field value of a configuration packet received in the identification and configuration stage 530. If the check result shows that negotiation is necessary, the wireless power transmitting apparatus may enter a negotiation stage 540 and perform a predetermined FOD detection procedure. On the other hand, if the check result shows that negotiation is not necessary, the wireless power transmitting apparatus may directly enter a power transmission stage 560.

[0249] In the negotiation step 540, the wireless power transmission apparatus may receive a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) status packet including a reference quality factor value. Alternatively, the wireless power transmission apparatus may receive an FOD status packet including a reference peak frequency value. Alternatively, the wireless power transmission apparatus may receive a status packet including a reference quality factor value and a reference peak frequency value. In this case, the wireless power transmission apparatus may determine a quality factor threshold for FOD detection based on the reference quality factor value. The wireless power transmission apparatus may determine a peak frequency threshold for FOD detection based on the reference peak frequency value.

[0250] The wireless power transmission apparatus may detect whether an FO exists in a charging area by using the determined quality factor threshold for FO detection and a currently measured quality factor value (a quality factor value measured before the PING step), and may control power transmission according to the FO detection result. As an example, when an FO is detected, power transmission may be interrupted, but is not limited thereto.

[0251] The wireless power transmission apparatus may detect whether an FO exists in a charging area by using the determined peak frequency threshold for FO detection and a currently measured peak frequency value (a peak frequency value measured before the PING step), and may control power transmission according to the FO detection result. As an example, when an FO is detected, power transmission may be interrupted, but is not limited thereto.

[0252] If FO is detected, the wireless power transmission apparatus may return to the selection step 510. On the other hand, if FO is not detected, the wireless power transmission apparatus may enter the power transmission step 560 through the correction step 550. In particular, if FO is not detected, the wireless power transmission apparatus may measure the power loss at the receiving end and the transmitting end to determine the strength of the power received at the receiving end in the correction step 550 and the strength of the power transmitted at the transmitting end. That is, the wireless power transmission apparatus may predict the power loss based on the difference between the transmission power of the transmitting end and the reception power of the receiving end in the correction step 550. The wireless power transmission apparatus according to an embodiment may also correct the threshold for FOD detection to reflect the predicted power loss.

[0253] In the power transmission step 560, the wireless power transmission device can transition to the selection step 510 if an unexpected packet is received (unexpected packet), or a desired packet is not received within a predefined time (time out), or a violation of a pre-set power transmission contract occurs (power transfer contract violation), or charging is completed.

[0254] In addition, in the power transmission step 560, if it is necessary to reconfigure the power transmission contract due to a change in the state of the wireless power transmission device, the wireless power transmission device can transition to a renegotiation step 570. At this time, if the renegotiation is normally completed, the wireless power transmission device can return to the power transmission step 560.

[0255] In this embodiment, the correction stage 550 and the power transmission stage 560 are separated into separate stages, but the correction stage 550 may be integrated into the power transmission stage 560. In this case, the operations in the correction stage 550 may be performed in the power transmission stage 560.

[0256] The power transmission contract may be set based on status and characteristic information of the wireless power transmitter and the receiver. For example, status information of the wireless power transmitter may include information on a maximum transmittable power amount, information on a maximum number of receivers that can be accommodated, etc., and status information of the receiver may include information on a required power, etc.

[0257] FIG. 6 illustrates a power control method according to one embodiment.

[0258] 6, in the power transmission step 560, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can control the amount of power to be transferred by communicating in parallel with the power transmission and reception. The wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus operate at a specific control point. The control point indicates a combination of voltage and current provided at the output of the wireless power receiving apparatus when power transfer is performed.

[0259] In more detail, the wireless power receiving device selects a desired control point, such as a desired output current / voltage, a temperature at a specific location of the mobile device, and additionally determines an actual control point currently operating. The wireless power receiving device can calculate a control error value using the desired control point and the actual control point, and transmit the control error value to the wireless power transmitting device as a control error packet.

[0260] Then, the wireless power transmitter can control power transfer by setting / controlling new operating points - amplitude, frequency and duty cycle - using the received control error packet. Thus, the control error packet is transmitted / received at a certain time interval during the power transfer stage, and as an example, the wireless power receiver can transmit a control error value set to a negative number when trying to reduce the current of the wireless power transmitter, and a control error value set to a positive number when trying to increase the current. In this way, in the induction mode, the wireless power receiver can control power transfer by transmitting a control error packet to the wireless power transmitter.

[0261] The resonant mode described below can operate in a different manner from the induction mode. In the resonant mode, one wireless power transmitter must be able to serve multiple wireless power receivers simultaneously. However, when controlling power transmission as in the induction mode described above, it is difficult to control power transmission to additional wireless power receivers because the transmitted power is controlled by communication with one wireless power receiver. Therefore, in the resonant mode of this specification, the wireless power transmitters commonly transmit a basic power, and the wireless power receivers control the amount of power received by controlling their own resonant frequencies. However, even in the operation of this resonant mode, the method described in FIG. 6 is not completely excluded, and additional transmission power control can be performed by the method of FIG. 6.

[0262] 7 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission device according to another embodiment. This may belong to a wireless power transmission system of a magnetic resonance type or a shared mode. The shared mode may refer to a mode in which one-to-multiple communication and charging are performed between a wireless power transmission device and a wireless power receiving device. The shared mode may be embodied in a magnetic induction type or a resonance type.

[0263] 7, the wireless power transmission device 700 may include at least one of a cover 720 for covering a coil assembly, a power adapter 730 for supplying power to a power transmitter 740, the power transmitter 740 for transmitting wireless power, or a user interface 750 for providing power transfer progress and other related information. In particular, the user interface 750 may be included as an option or may be included as another user interface 750 of the wireless power transmission device 700.

[0264] The power transmitter 740 may include at least one of a coil assembly 760 , an impedance matching circuit 770 , an inverter 780 , a communication circuit 790 , or a control circuit 710 .

[0265] The coil assembly 760 includes at least one primary coil that generates a magnetic field, also referred to as a coil set.

[0266] The impedance matching circuit 770 can provide impedance matching between the inverter and the primary coil(s). The impedance matching circuit 770 can generate a resonance at a suitable frequency to boost the primary coil current. In a multi-coil power transmitter 740, the impedance matching circuit can additionally include a multiplexer that routes signals to a subset of the primary coils at the inverter. The impedance matching circuit is also referred to as a tank circuit.

[0267] The impedance matching circuit 770 may include a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element for switching the connections between them. Impedance matching may be performed by detecting a reflected wave of wireless power transmitted through the coil assembly 760 and switching a switching element based on the detected reflected wave to adjust the connection state of the capacitor or the inductor, adjust the capacitance of the capacitor, or adjust the inductance of the inductor. In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 770 may be omitted, and this specification also includes an embodiment of the wireless power transmission apparatus 700 in which the impedance matching circuit 770 is omitted.

[0268] The inverter 780 can convert the DC input to an AC signal. The inverter 780 can be driven in a half-bridge or full-bridge to generate a pulse wave with adjustable frequency and duty cycle. The inverter can also include multiple stages to adjust the input voltage level.

[0269] The communication circuitry 790 can perform communication with the power receiver. The power receiver performs load modulation to communicate requests and information to the power transmitter. Thus, the power transmitter 740 can monitor the amplitude and / or phase of the current and / or voltage of the primary coil to demodulate the data transmitted by the power receiver using the communication circuitry 790.

[0270] The power transmitter 740 can also control the output power to transmit data via the communication circuit 790 using a frequency shift keying (FSK) method or the like.

[0271] The control circuit 710 can control the communication and power transfer of the power transmitter 740. The control circuit 710 can control the power transmission by adjusting the above-mentioned operating point. The operating point can be determined by at least one of the operating frequency, the duty cycle, and the input voltage, for example.

[0272] The communication circuitry 790 and the control circuitry 710 may be provided in separate circuits / components / chipsets or may be provided in a single circuit / component / chipset.

[0273] 8 shows a wireless power receiving apparatus according to another embodiment, which may belong to a magnetic resonance type or a shared mode wireless power transmitting system.

[0274] 8, the wireless power receiving device 800 may include at least one of a user interface 820 for providing power transfer progress and other related information, a power receiver 830 for receiving wireless power, a load circuit 840, or a base 850 for supporting and covering the coil assembly. In particular, the user interface 820 may be included as an option or may be included as another user interface 820 of the power receiving device.

[0275] The power receiver 830 may include at least one of a power converter 860 , an impedance matching circuit 870 , a coil assembly 880 , a communication circuit 890 , or a control circuit 810 .

[0276] The power converter 860 can convert the AC power received from the secondary coil into a voltage and current suitable for the load circuit. As an example, the power converter 860 can include a rectifier. The rectifier can rectify the received wireless power and convert it from AC to DC. The rectifier can convert AC to DC using a diode or a transistor and smooth it using a capacitor and a resistor. As the rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, a voltage multiplier, etc. embodied as a bridge circuit, etc. can be used. Additionally, the power converter can adapt a reflected impedance of the power receiver.

[0277] The impedance matching circuit 870 may provide impedance matching between the combination of the power converter 860 and the load circuit 840 and the secondary coil. As an example, the impedance matching circuit may generate a resonance around 100 kHz that can enhance power transfer. The impedance matching circuit 870 may be composed of a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element that switches a combination of these. Impedance matching may be performed by controlling the switching element of a circuit that constitutes the impedance matching circuit 870 based on a voltage value, a current value, a power value, a frequency value, etc. of the received wireless power. In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 870 may be omitted, and the present specification also includes an example of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in which the impedance matching circuit 870 is omitted.

[0278] The coil assembly 880 includes at least one secondary coil and may optionally further include elements for shielding metallic portions of the receiver from magnetic fields.

[0279] The communications circuitry 890 may perform load modulation to communicate requests and other information to the power transmitter.

[0280] To that end, the power receiver 830 may also switch resistors or capacitors to change the reflected impedance.

[0281] The control circuit 810 can control the received power. To this end, the control circuit 810 can determine / calculate the difference between the actual operating point of the power receiver 830 and the desired operating point. The control circuit 810 can then adjust / reduce the difference between the actual operating point and the desired operating point by adjusting the reflected impedance of the power transmitter and / or executing an operating point adjustment request of the power transmitter. When this difference is minimized, optimal power reception can be achieved.

[0282] The communication circuitry 890 and the control circuitry 810 may be provided in separate components / chipsets or may be provided in a single component / chipset.

[0283] 9 shows a communication frame structure according to one embodiment, which is a communication frame structure in a shared mode.

[0284] 9, in the shared mode, frames of different types can be used together. For example, in the shared mode, a slotted frame having multiple slots as shown in (A) and a free format frame without a specific type as shown in (B) can be used. More specifically, the slotted frame is a frame for transmitting a short data packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100, and the free format frame is a frame that does not have multiple slots and can transmit a long data packet.

[0285] Meanwhile, the slot frame and the free form frame may be renamed to various names by those skilled in the art, for example, the slot frame may be renamed to a channel frame, and the free form frame may be renamed to a message frame.

[0286] More specifically, the slot frame may include a sync pattern indicating the start of a slot, a measurement slot, nine slots, and additional sync patterns each having the same time interval before the nine slots.

[0287] Here, the additional sync pattern is a sync pattern different from the sync pattern indicating the start of a frame described above. More specifically, the additional sync pattern may indicate information related to adjacent slots (i.e., two consecutive slots located on either side of the sync pattern) without indicating the start of a frame.

[0288] A sync pattern may be located between each two consecutive slots among the nine slots, and in this case, the sync pattern may provide information related to the two consecutive slots.

[0289] Also, the nine slots and the sync patterns provided before each of the nine slots may each have the same time interval. For example, the nine slots may have a time interval of 50 ms. Also, the nine sync patterns may have a time length of 50 ms.

[0290] Meanwhile, the free format frame as shown in (B) does not have a specific form other than a sync pattern indicating the start of a frame and a measurement slot. That is, the free format frame is intended to perform a different role from the slot frame, for example, to perform communication of a long data packet (e.g., additional owner information packet) between the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus, or to select one of the multiple coils in the wireless power transmitting apparatus configured with multiple coils.

[0291] Hereinafter, the sync pattern included in each frame will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0292] FIG. 10 shows the structure of a sync pattern according to one embodiment.

[0293] Referring to Figure 10, the sync pattern may be composed of a preamble, a start bit, a response field, a type field, an information field, and a parity bit. In Figure 10, the start bit is indicated by ZERO.

[0294] More specifically, the preamble is made up of consecutive bits and can be set to all 0. That is, the preamble is a bit for matching the time length of the sync pattern.

[0295] The number of bits constituting the preamble may depend on the operating frequency so that the length of the sync pattern is closest to, but not exceeding, 50 ms. For example, if the operating frequency is 100 kHz, the sync pattern may be composed of two preamble bits, and if the operating frequency is 105 kHz, the sync pattern may be composed of three preamble bits.

[0296] The start bit is a bit following the preamble and may mean zero. The zero is a bit indicating the type of sync pattern. Here, the type of sync pattern may include a frame sync including information related to a frame and a slot sync including information of a slot. That is, the sync pattern is a frame sync located between consecutive frames and indicating the start of a frame, or a slot sync located between consecutive slots among a plurality of slots constituting a frame and including information related to the consecutive slots.

[0297] For example, if the zero is 0, it may mean that the corresponding slot is a slot sync located between slots, and if it is 1, it may mean that the corresponding sync pattern is a frame sync located between frames.

[0298] The parity bit is the last bit of the sync pattern and can indicate the number of bits constituting the data field (i.e., the response field, the type field, and the information field) of the sync pattern. For example, the parity bit can be 1 if the number of bits constituting the data field of the sync pattern is an even number, and can be 0 otherwise (i.e., if the number is odd).

[0299] The response field may include response information of the wireless power transmitting device to the communication with the wireless power receiving device in a slot before the sync pattern. For example, the response field may have '00' if no communication with the wireless power receiving device is detected. Also, the response field may have '01' if a communication error is detected in the communication with the wireless power receiving device. The communication error occurs when two or more wireless power receiving devices attempt to access one slot, causing a collision between two or more wireless power receiving devices.

[0300] The response field may include information indicating whether the data packet has been correctly received from the wireless power receiving apparatus. More specifically, the response field may be “10” (10-not acknowledge, NAK) if the wireless power transmitting apparatus denies the data packet, and may be “11” (11-acknowledge, ACK) if the wireless power transmitting apparatus confirms the data packet.

[0301] The type field may indicate the type of sync pattern. More specifically, the type field may have '1' indicating that the sync pattern is a frame sync if it is the first sync pattern of a frame (i.e., the first sync pattern of a frame and is located before the measurement slot).

[0302] Also, the type field may have a '0' indicating that it is a slot sync if the sync pattern is not the first sync pattern of the frame in a slot frame.

[0303] In addition, the meaning of the value of the information field can be determined according to the type of sync pattern indicated by the type field. For example, if the type field is 1 (i.e., if it indicates a frame sync), the meaning of the information field can indicate the type of frame. That is, the information field can indicate whether the current frame is a slotted frame or a free-format frame. For example, if the information field is '00', it indicates a slotted frame, and if the information field is '01', it indicates a free-format frame.

[0304] On the other hand, if the type field is 0 (i.e., slot sync), the information field may indicate the state of the next slot located after the sync pattern. More specifically, the information field may have '00' if the next slot is a slot allocated to a specific wireless power receiving device, '01' if the slot is locked for temporary use by a specific wireless power receiving device, or '10' if the slot is freely available to any wireless power receiving device.

[0305] FIG. 11 illustrates an operation state of a wireless power transmitting apparatus and a wireless power receiving apparatus in a shared mode according to an embodiment.

[0306] Referring to FIG. 11, a wireless power receiving device operating in a sharing mode can operate in any one of a selection phase 1100, an introduction phase 1110, a configuration phase 1120, a negotiation phase 1130, and a power transfer phase 1140.

[0307] First, a wireless power transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment may transmit a wireless power signal to detect a wireless power receiving apparatus. That is, a process of detecting a wireless power receiving apparatus using a wireless power signal is called analog ping.

[0308] Meanwhile, the wireless power receiving device that receives the wireless power signal can enter the selection state 1100. The wireless power receiving device that has entered the selection state 1100 can detect the presence of an FSK signal in the wireless power signal, as described above.

[0309] That is, the wireless power receiving apparatus can perform communication in either an exclusive mode or a shared mode depending on whether an FSK signal is present.

[0310] More specifically, the wireless power receiving device can operate in a shared mode if the wireless power signal includes an FSK signal, and can operate in an exclusive mode if the wireless power signal does not include an FSK signal.

[0311] When the wireless power receiving apparatus operates in a shared mode, the wireless power receiving apparatus may enter an introduction state 1110. In the introduction state 1110, the wireless power receiving apparatus may transmit a control information packet (CI) to the wireless power transmitting apparatus in order to transmit a control information packet in the configuration state, negotiation state, and power transmission state. The control information packet may have a header and information related to control. For example, the control information packet has a header of 0X53.

[0312] In the introduction state 1110, the wireless power receiving device attempts to request a free slot to transmit a control information (CI) packet through the following configuration, negotiation, and power transmission stages. At this time, the wireless power receiving device selects a free slot and transmits a first CI packet. If the wireless power transmitting device responds to the corresponding CI packet with an ACK, the wireless power transmitting device enters the configuration stage. If the wireless power transmitting device responds with a NAK, another wireless power receiving device is proceeding through the configuration and negotiation stages. In this case, the wireless power receiving device attempts to request a free slot again.

[0313] If the wireless power receiving apparatus receives an ACK in response to a CI packet, the wireless power receiving apparatus determines the location of a private slot in the U frame by counting the remaining slot syncs up to the first frame sync, and in all subsequent slot-based frames, the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a CI packet through the corresponding slot.

[0314] If the wireless power transmitting device permits the wireless power receiving device to proceed to the configuration stage, the wireless power transmitting device provides a series of locked slots for the exclusive use of the wireless power receiving device, which ensures that the wireless power receiving device proceeds to the configuration stage without collision.

[0315] The wireless power receiving device transmits a sequence of data packets, such as two identification data packets (IDHI and IDLO), using the lock slot. Upon completing this phase, the wireless power receiving device enters the negotiation phase. In the negotiation phase, the wireless power transmitting device continues to provide the wireless power receiving device with the lock slot for exclusive use. This ensures that the wireless power receiving device proceeds through the negotiation phase without collisions.

[0316] The wireless power receiving device uses the corresponding lock slot to transmit one or more negotiation data packets, which may be intermixed with private data packets. Eventually, the sequence is terminated with a specific request (SRQ) packet. Upon completing the sequence, the wireless power receiving device enters the power transmission phase, and the wireless power transmitting device stops providing the lock slot.

[0317] In the power transmission state, the wireless power receiving device performs transmission of a CI packet using the assigned slot to receive power. The wireless power receiving device may include a regulator circuit. The regulator circuit may be included in the communication / control circuit. The wireless power receiving device may self-regulate the reflected impedance of the wireless power receiving device through the regulator circuit. That is, the wireless power receiving device may adjust the reflected impedance to transmit the amount of power required by the external load. This may prevent excessive power reception and overheating.

[0318] In shared mode, the wireless power transmitter may not (depending on the operating mode) adjust power in response to received CI packets, in which case control is needed to prevent over-voltage conditions.

[0319] The wireless power transmission system may have an application layer message exchange function to support extension to various application fields. Based on this function, device authentication related information or other application level messages can be transmitted and received between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device. In order to exchange messages of a higher layer between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device, a separate hierarchical architecture for data transmission is required, and an efficient management and operation method of the hierarchical architecture is required.

[0320] FIG. 12 illustrates an application level data stream between a wireless power transmitting device and a receiving device according to an example.

[0321] Referring to FIG. 12, the data stream may include auxiliary data control (ADC) data packets and / or auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets.

[0322] The ADC data packet is used when opening a data stream. It can indicate the type of message and the number of data bytes contained in the stream, whereas the ADT data packet is a sequence of data that contains the actual message. The ADC / end data packet is used to signal the end of a stream. For example, the maximum number of data bytes in a data transmission stream can be limited to 2047.

[0323] ACK or NACK is used to indicate whether the ADC data packet and the ADT data packet have been normally received. Between the transmission timings of the ADC data packet and the ADT data packet, control information required for wireless charging, such as a control error packet (CE) or DSR, can be transmitted.

[0324] Using this data stream structure, authentication-related information or other application-level information can be transmitted and received between the wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device.

[0325] FIG. 13 illustrates a hierarchical architecture for transmitting data streams between a wireless power transmitting device and a wireless power receiving device according to one example.

[0326] Referring to Figure 13, a data stream is exchanged between a data stream initiator and a data stream responder. Both the wireless power transmitting device and the wireless power receiving device can be a data stream initiator or a responder. For example, when the data stream initiator is a wireless power receiving device, the data stream responder is a wireless power transmitting device, and when the data stream initiator is a wireless power transmitting device, the data stream responder is a wireless power receiving device.

[0327] The data stream initiator generates an application layer level message (e.g., an authentication related message) and stores it in a buffer managed by the application layer. The data stream initiator also submits the message stored in the buffer from the application layer to the transport layer. The data stream initiator stores the message in a local buffer managed by the transport layer. The size of the local buffer of the transport layer is, for example, at least 67 bytes.

[0328] The data stream initiator transmits the message to the data stream responder through a wireless channel using a data transport stream of the transmission layer. At this time, the message is sliced ​​into a number of data packets and transmitted, which is called a data transport stream. If an error occurs during the data packet transmission process, the data stream initiator can perform retransmission of the packet in which the error occurred, and at this time, the transmission layer of the data stream initiator can perform feedback on the success or failure of the message transmission to the application layer.

[0329] The data stream responder receives the data transmission stream via the wireless channel. The received data transmission stream is demodulated and decoded in the reverse process of the data stream initiator. For example, the data stream responder stores the data transmission stream in a local buffer managed by the transmission layer, merges it, and transmits it from the transmission layer to the application layer, and the application layer stores the received message in a buffer.

[0330] Controlling the Data Stream

[0331] As described above, the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus can exchange data streams during the power transmission step. For example, the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus can each open one data stream. Specifically, when one opens an outgoing data stream, it can refuse to open an incoming data stream until the transmission of the outgoing data stream is completed. This is for ease of implementation.

[0332] Since the wireless power receiving device operates as a master, it can refuse the wireless power transmitting device from opening a new data stream by not responding to a data stream opening request from the wireless power transmitting device. On the other hand, the wireless power transmitting device cannot refuse the wireless power receiving device from opening a data stream as a master. That is, even if the wireless power transmitting device does not respond, the wireless power receiving device continues to transmit a data stream. This causes a decrease in system performance because it interferes with the transmission of a data stream that has already been opened and is being transmitted. Therefore, a protocol that allows data streams to be exchanged effectively is required.

[0333] Therefore, the present embodiment discloses a wireless power transmitting apparatus and a wireless power receiving apparatus configured to simultaneously or selectively open or process an outgoing data stream and an incoming data stream. The wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus configured to simultaneously open or process an outgoing data stream and an incoming data stream transmit or receive multiple data streams between each other.

[0334] Hereinafter, a multiple data stream may refer to a simultaneous data stream and an incoming data stream, or may refer to a full-duplex data stream.

[0335] As an example, the wireless power transmitting device may support a single data stream at a time or may support simultaneous (or multiple outgoing / incoming) data streams. The wireless power transmitting device may then transmit dual data stream information indicating whether it supports a single data stream or simultaneous data streams to the wireless power receiving device. The dual data stream information may be included in a capability packet of the wireless power transmitting device, and may be called a data stream (DS) bit, full-duplex bit, or simply duplex bit.

[0336] If the wireless power transmitting device supports a single data stream, it transmits dual data stream information indicating that it supports a single data stream to the wireless power receiving device, opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and opens a new data stream (output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is completed.

[0337] If the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, it transmits dual data stream information indicating that the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams to the wireless power receiving apparatus. Then, the wireless power transmitting apparatus determines whether the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams. If the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, the wireless power transmitting apparatus can open simultaneous data streams (output and input). On the other hand, if the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports simultaneous data streams but the wireless power receiving apparatus supports a single data stream, the wireless power transmitting apparatus opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and opens a new data stream (output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is terminated.

[0338] As another example, the wireless power receiving device may support a single data stream at a time or may support simultaneous (or multiple outgoing / incoming) data streams. The wireless power receiving device may then transmit dual data stream information to the wireless power receiving device indicating whether it supports a single data stream or simultaneous data streams. The dual data stream information may be included in a capability packet of the wireless power transmitting device, and is called a data stream (DS) bit or simply a duplex bit.

[0339] If the wireless power receiving device supports a single data stream, it sends dual data stream information indicating that it supports a single data stream to the wireless power transmitting device, opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and opens a new data stream (output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is completed.

[0340] If the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, it transmits dual data stream information indicating that the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams to the wireless power transmitting apparatus. Then, the wireless power receiving apparatus determines whether the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports simultaneous data streams. If the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, the wireless power receiving apparatus can open simultaneous data streams (output and input). On the other hand, if the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams but the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports a single data stream, the wireless power receiving apparatus opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and opens a new data stream (output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is terminated.

[0341] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for transmitting a data stream according to an example.

[0342] Referring to FIG. 14, the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a configuration packet including dual data stream (DS) information to the wireless power transmitting apparatus (S1400). The dual data stream information is 1-bit information indicating whether the wireless power receiving apparatus supports or does not support simultaneous data streams (or supports a single data stream). For example, if the dual data stream information is 1, it indicates that the wireless power receiving apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, and if it is 0, it indicates that the wireless power receiving apparatus does not support simultaneous data streams. By using one bit in the configuration packet in this way, the wireless power receiving apparatus can indicate whether it has a function to process two data streams (or simultaneous data streams) simultaneously.

[0343] FIG. 15 is a configuration packet containing dual data stream information according to one example.

[0344] Referring to FIG. 15, the configuration packet may include at least one of a received power scaling factor field, a reserved field, a Prop field for private power control information, an AI field for supporting an authentication initiator function, an AR field for supporting an authentication responder function, an OB field indicating whether out-of-band communication is supported, a count field, a window size field, a window offset field, a Neg field indicating whether an extended protocol is supported, a Pol field indicating the polarity of FSK modulation, a Depth field indicating the depth of FSK modulation, and a dual data stream (DS) field.

[0345] Referring again to FIG. 14, the wireless power transmitting apparatus transmits a capability packet including dual data stream information to the wireless power receiving apparatus (S1405). The dual data stream information is information indicating whether the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports or does not support simultaneous data streams (or supports a single data stream). For example, if the dual data stream information is 1, it indicates that the wireless power transmitting apparatus supports simultaneous data streams, and if it is 0, it indicates that the wireless power transmitting apparatus does not support simultaneous data streams. By using one bit in the capability packet in this way, the wireless power transmitting apparatus can indicate whether it has a function to process two data streams (or simultaneous data streams) simultaneously.

[0346] FIG. 16 is a capabilities packet containing dual data stream information according to one example.

[0347] Referring to FIG. 16, the capability packet may include at least one of a power class field, a maximum negotiable guaranteed power field, a reserve field, a potential power field, an AI field indicating whether an authentication initiator function is supported, an AR field indicating whether an authentication responder function is supported, an OB field indicating whether out-of-band communication is supported, a dual data stream (DS) field, a WPID field, and an NRS field.

[0348] 14 again, the operation of exchanging data streams between the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus is either (A) or (B). According to this embodiment, one receives dual data stream information from the other and checks whether the other supports simultaneous data streams. If the other does not support simultaneous data streams, only one data stream is opened, and when the transmission of the data stream is terminated, a new data stream is opened.

[0349] First, (A) includes an operation of transmitting a data stream to the other. For example, the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a data stream to the wireless power transmitting apparatus (S1410), or the wireless power transmitting apparatus transmits a data stream to the wireless power receiving apparatus.

[0350] (A) is a case where at least one of the wireless power transmitting device and the wireless power receiving device supports a single data stream.

[0351] When the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitting device and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiving device both indicate that a single data stream is supported, or when the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitting device indicates that a single data stream is supported and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiving device indicates that simultaneous data streams are supported, or when the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitting device indicates that simultaneous data streams are supported and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiving device indicates that a single data stream is supported, one opens a single data stream (output or input) to the other at a time, and when the transmission of the single data stream is finished, a new data stream (output or input) is opened.

[0352] (B) is a case where both the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus support simultaneous data streams, in which case one opens a data stream (output or input) to the other (S1415) and can open a new data stream (output or input) even before the transmission of the single data stream is completed (S1420).

[0353] The wireless power transmission apparatus in the embodiment of Fig. 14 corresponds to the wireless power transmission apparatus, the wireless power transmitter, or the power transmission unit disclosed in Figs. 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power transmission apparatus in the embodiment is implemented by one or a combination of two or more of the components of the wireless power transmission apparatus in Figs. 1 to 11. For example, the operation of transmitting wireless power in the embodiment can be performed by the power conversion circuit 110. Also, in the embodiment, the operation of receiving a configuration packet, the operation of generating and transmitting a capability packet, the operation of opening, transmitting, or receiving a data stream, etc. can be performed by the communication / control circuit 120.

[0354] Also, the wireless power receiving apparatus in the embodiment according to Fig. 14 corresponds to the wireless power receiving apparatus, wireless power receiver, or power receiving unit disclosed in Figs. 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power receiving apparatus in the present embodiment is implemented by one or a combination of two or more of the components of the wireless power receiving apparatus in Figs. 1 to 11. For example, the operation of receiving wireless power in the present embodiment may be performed by the power pickup circuit 210. Also, in the present embodiment, the operation of generating and transmitting a configuration packet, the operation of receiving a capability packet, the operation of opening, transmitting, or receiving a data stream, etc. may be performed by the communication / control circuit 220.

[0355] Power loss calculation timing synchronization

[0356] FIG. 17 illustrates timing at which a wireless power receiving apparatus according to an example calculates received power.

[0357] Referring to FIG. 17, the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a received power (RP or RP8) packet indicating the power received from the wireless power transmitting apparatus at a transmission period (T_received) interval of the received power packet. At this time, the received power packet is generated based on the received power calculated during a window (t_window) from a point before the next received power period arrives. That is, the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates the power received from the wireless power transmitting apparatus during the window (t_window), generates a received power packet based on the calculated value, and transmits the generated received power packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus at a point after an offset (t_offset) from the end point of the window (t_window) (or at the point when the next received power period arrives). Here, the window (t_window) may be defined as a quiet period in which no in-band communication occurs between the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus.

[0358] Meanwhile, the wireless power transmitter calculates or estimates the power (Pt) transmitted to the wireless power receiver during a window (t_window) in which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power. The wireless power transmitter calculates a power loss based on a difference between the received power (Pr) and the transmitted power (Pt) according to the received power packet, and performs foreign object detection based on the power loss.

[0359] FIG. 18 illustrates timing at which a wireless power transmitting apparatus according to an example calculates transmission power.

[0360] Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless power transmitting apparatus cannot accurately know the start time of the window (t_window) in which the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates the received power. This is because there is no synchronization between the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus with respect to the start time of the window. If the time when the wireless power transmitting apparatus calculates the transmitted power and the time when the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates the received power do not match, there is a problem that it is difficult to calculate the power loss accurately. Therefore, the wireless power transmitting apparatus continues to calculate the transmitted power while sliding the window (t_window) at a certain interval (t_slide). And, the wireless power transmitting apparatus uses the transmitted power (Pt) calculated at a time point earlier than the time point when the wireless power transmitting apparatus receives the received power packet (RP or RP8) from the wireless power receiving apparatus for calculating the power loss by an offset (t_offset).

[0361] However, since the transmission period (t_received) of the received power packet is not fixed to a maximum value of 4050 ms (when charging at or below 5 W) or 2050 ms (when charging at or above 5 W) but is variable, the wireless power transmitter cannot know in advance the time when the received power packet is received, nor the window (t_window) interval. For example, if the transmission period (t_received) of the received power packet changes, the wireless power transmitter cannot know the window (t_window) interval during which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power. This makes it more difficult to match the time when the wireless power transmitter calculates the transmitted power with the time when the wireless power receiver calculates the received power.

[0362] Furthermore, the wireless power transmitter must calculate the transmission power in a sliding manner at regular intervals, which results in a waste of processing resources of the wireless power transmitter.

[0363] Therefore, a method for synchronizing the timing of calculating the power loss between a wireless power transmitting device and a receiving device is required. Hereinafter, a method for synchronizing the timing of calculating the power loss between a wireless power transmitting device and a receiving device will be disclosed.

[0364] FIG. 19 illustrates a method of using timing packets according to an example.

[0365] 19, before transmitting a received power packet, the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a timing packet 1900 indicating the start of a window (t_window) to the wireless power transmitting apparatus. The timing packet 1900 is a packet that notifies the wireless power transmitting apparatus of the start of a window (t_window) and matches a period in which the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates received power with a period in which the wireless power transmitting apparatus calculates transmitted power. That is, based on the timing packet 1900, the wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus can perform power calculation during the same window (t_window) period.

[0366] The timing packet 1900 is also called a timing packet for received power packet (TRP packet). The timing packet 1900 may be composed of only header information without a separate payload or data. That is, synchronization of power estimation timing may be achieved with a minimum size timing packet 1900. In this case, the header value is, for example, 0x00.

[0367] As an example of the relationship between the timing packet 1900 and the start point of the window (t_window), the start point of the window (t_window) may be a point when a predetermined time (t_predetermined) has elapsed since the timing packet 1900 was transmitted. In this case, the wireless power transmitting apparatus calculates or estimates the transmission power during the window (t_window) when the predetermined time (t_predetermined) has elapsed since the timing packet 1900 was received. And, the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates the reception power during the window (t_window) when the predetermined time (t_predetermined) has elapsed since the timing packet 1900 was transmitted.

[0368] As another example of the relationship between the timing packet 1900 and the start of the window (t_window), the time when the timing packet 1900 is transmitted may be the start of the window (t_window). In this case, the wireless power transmitting apparatus calculates or estimates the transmission power during the window (t_window) from the time when the timing packet 1900 is received. Then, the wireless power receiving apparatus calculates the reception power during the window (t_window) from the time when the timing packet 1900 is transmitted.

[0369] FIG. 20 illustrates a timing packet according to an example.

[0370] Referring to FIG. 20, a timing packet may be, for example, 8 bits, and a header identifying the timing packet may be defined as, for example, 0x00.

[0371] FIG. 21 shows a timing packet according to another example.

[0372] 21, the timing packet may be, for example, 8 bits and may include a window size field and a window offset field. The window size field may be, for example, 5 bits and its value may define the size of the window (t_window) in units of 4 ms. The window offset field may be, for example, 3 bits and its value may define the size of the window offset (t_offset) in units of 4 ms.

[0373] The window size field and window offset field included in the timing packet are used to adjust the default window (twindow) and default window offset (t_offset). Here, the default window and default window offset are values ​​included in the configuration packet. Such a timing packet according to FIG. 21 can be identified by a header defined as, for example, 0x00.

[0374] The wireless power transmitting apparatus in the embodiment according to Figs. 19 to 21 corresponds to the wireless power transmitting apparatus, the wireless power transmitter, or the power transmitting unit disclosed in Figs. 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power transmitting apparatus in the embodiment is implemented by one or a combination of two or more of the components of the wireless power transmitting apparatus in Figs. 1 to 11. For example, in the embodiment, an operation of transmitting wireless power to the wireless power receiving apparatus based on magnetic coupling can be performed by the power conversion circuit 110. Also, in the embodiment, an operation of receiving a timing packet, an operation of calculating or estimating the power to be transmitted during a window determined based on the timing packet, an operation of receiving a received power packet, an operation of calculating a power loss based on the transmitted power and the received power, an operation of performing foreign object detection based on the power loss, etc. can be performed by the communication / control circuit 120.

[0375] 19 to 21 correspond to the wireless power receiving device, wireless power receiver, or power receiving unit disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power receiving device in the present embodiment is implemented by one or a combination of two or more of the components of the wireless power receiving device in FIGS. 1 to 11. For example, in the present embodiment, an operation of receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitting device based on magnetic coupling can be performed by the power pickup circuit 210. In addition, in the present embodiment, an operation of generating and transmitting a timing packet, an operation of calculating a received power, an operation of transmitting a received power packet, etc. can be performed by the communication / control circuit 220.

[0376] Since not all components or steps are required in the wireless power transmission method and device, or the receiving device and method according to the embodiments of the present invention, the wireless power transmission device and method, or the receiving device and method may be implemented by including some or all of the components or steps described above. Also, the embodiments of the wireless power transmission device and method, or the receiving device and method may be implemented by combining with each other. Also, the components or steps described above do not necessarily have to be implemented in the order described, and a later-described step may be implemented before a previously-described step.

[0377] The above description is merely illustrative of the technical concept of the present invention, and various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the essential characteristics of the present invention by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Therefore, the above-described embodiments of the present invention may be embodied separately or in combination with each other.

[0378] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited by such embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted according to the claims, and all technical ideas within the scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a power pickup configured to receive wireless power from a wireless power transmitting device in a power transfer phase; a communicator / controller associated with controlling said wireless power, Sending a configuration packet to the wireless power transmitting device, the configuration packet including first dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the first dual data stream information associated with the wireless power receiving device indicates whether a simultaneous incoming data stream and an outgoing data stream are supported or not supported; receiving a capability packet from the wireless power transmitting device, the capability packet including second dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the second dual data stream information associated with the wireless power transmission device indicates whether simultaneous incoming and outgoing data streams are supported or not supported; transmitting the first data stream to the wireless power transmitting device during the power transmission phase, the first data stream including: i) an initial auxiliary data control (ADC) data packet opening a first data stream; ii) a sequence of auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets including a first actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the first data stream; receiving from the wireless power transmission device during the power transmission phase a second data stream including: i) an initial ADC data packet opening a second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets including a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the second data stream; Based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information, the wireless power receiving device transmits the first data stream and simultaneously receives the second data stream.

2. based on at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information not indicating simultaneous support; The wireless power receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the wireless power receiving device is configured to open only one of a first data stream to the wireless power transmitting device or a second data stream from the wireless power transmitting device.

3. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wireless power receiving apparatus transmits a timing packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus, the timing packet indicating the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval for calculating the received wireless power.

4. A power converter configured to transmit wireless power to a wireless power receiving device in a power transfer phase; a communicator / controller associated with controlling the wireless power, receiving a configuration packet from the wireless power receiving device, the configuration packet including first dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the first dual data stream information associated with the wireless power receiving device indicates whether a simultaneous incoming data stream and an outgoing data stream are supported or not supported; sending a capability packet to the wireless power receiving device, the capability packet including a second dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the second dual data stream information associated with the wireless power transmission device indicates whether simultaneous incoming and outgoing data streams are supported or not supported; receiving from the wireless power receiving device during the power transmission phase the first data stream including: i) an initial auxiliary data control (ADC) data packet opening a first data stream; ii) a sequence of auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets including a first actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the first data stream; transmitting the second data stream to the wireless power receiving device during the power transmission phase, the second data stream including: i) an initial ADC data packet that opens a second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets that includes a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet that terminates the second data stream; A wireless power transmitting device, wherein based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information, the wireless power transmitting device receives the first data stream and simultaneously transmits the second data stream.

5. based on at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information not indicating simultaneous support; The wireless power transmission device of claim 4 , wherein the wireless power transmission device is configured to open only one of a first data stream to the wireless power receiving device or a second data stream from the wireless power receiving device.

6. The wireless power transmission apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the wireless power transmission apparatus receives a timing packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus, the timing packet indicating a start of a window (t_window) providing a time interval for calculating the transmitted wireless power.

7. 1. A method for receiving wireless power in a wireless power transmission system, comprising: The method is performed by a wireless power receiving device, transmitting a configuration packet including a first dual data stream information consisting of one bit to a wireless power transmitting device; the first dual data stream information associated with the wireless power receiving device indicates whether a simultaneous incoming data stream and an outgoing data stream are supported or not supported; receiving a capability packet from the wireless power transmitting device, the capability packet including a second dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the second dual data stream information associated with the wireless power transmission device indicates whether simultaneous incoming and outgoing data streams are supported or not supported; transmitting the first data stream to the wireless power transmitting device during a power transmission phase, the first data stream including: i) an initial auxiliary data control (ADC) data packet opening a first data stream; ii) a sequence of auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets including a first actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the first data stream; receiving from the wireless power transmission device during the power transmission phase the second data stream including: i) an initial ADC data packet opening a second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets including a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the second data stream; A method for receiving wireless power, wherein the wireless power receiving device transmits the first data stream and simultaneously receives the second data stream based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information.

8. A method for transmitting wireless power in a wireless power transmission system, comprising: The method is performed by a wireless power transmission device, receiving a configuration packet from a wireless power receiving device, the configuration packet including a first dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the first dual data stream information associated with the wireless power receiving device indicates whether a simultaneous incoming data stream and an outgoing data stream are supported or not supported; sending a capability packet to the wireless power receiving device, the capability packet including a second dual data stream information configured with 1 bit; the second dual data stream information associated with the wireless power transmission device indicates whether simultaneous incoming and outgoing data streams are supported or not supported; receiving from the wireless power receiving device during a power transmission phase the first data stream including: i) an initial auxiliary data control (ADC) data packet opening a first data stream; ii) a sequence of auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets including a first actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the first data stream; transmitting the second data stream to the wireless power receiving device during the power transmission phase, the second data stream including: i) an initial ADC data packet opening a second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets including a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet terminating the second data stream; A method for transmitting wireless power, wherein the wireless power transmitting device receives the first data stream and simultaneously transmits the second data stream based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information.

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