Fuel cell system

Abstract

To provide a technique for efficiently consuming the power generated from power generating cells by solving the power generated from the power generating cells cannot be supplied to a battery when the remaining capacity of the battery provided in a fuel cell system is relatively high.SOLUTION: In a case in which a control device 24 performs the second power generation control when the remaining capacity of a battery 26A is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the control device 24 causes a heater 144 to consume the electricity generated by a power generation cell 28 while a first refrigerant flow path 120 and a second refrigerant flow path 140 are connected to each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel cell system. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, research and development into fuel cells has been conducted to contribute to energy efficiency in order to ensure that more people have access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and advanced energy.

[0003] Regarding fuel cells, there is a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell stack including power generation cells and a battery that stores the electric power generated by the power generation cells. The fuel cell system can be mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle. In the fuel cell system mounted on the moving object, power generation may be performed while the moving object is stopped.

[0004] Patent document 1 discloses a method for shutting down a fuel cell system in which, when the ignition switch is turned off, a dry power generation process is performed and then a wastewater power generation process is performed in order to promote drying of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the power generation cell. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2016-058188 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] When the remaining capacity of the battery provided in the fuel cell system is relatively high, the power generated by the power generating cells cannot be supplied to the battery, so a technique for efficiently consuming the power generated by the power generating cells is desired.

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] An aspect of the present invention is a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack including a power generation cell that generates power through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, a battery capable of storing power generated from the power generation cell, a radiator used to cool the fuel cell stack, a first refrigerant flow path that circulates a refrigerant between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, a valve body that can switch between connection and disconnection between a first refrigerant flow path and a second refrigerant flow path different from the first refrigerant flow path, a heater that heats the refrigerant flowing through the second refrigerant flow path, and a control device that performs power generation control of the power generation cell, wherein the control device is capable of executing a first power generation control and a second power generation control that is performed based on a system stop command to stop the fuel cell system, the second power generation control including a low-efficiency power generation control that causes the power generation cell to generate power at a power generation efficiency lower than the power generation efficiency in the first power generation control, and when the second power generation control is performed in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the control device causes the heater to consume the power generated from the power generation cell in a state where the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path are connected to each other. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, the temperature of the coolant heated by the heater increases more slowly than when the first coolant flow path and the second coolant flow path are not connected. Therefore, the time during which the power generated from the power generation cell is consumed by the heater can be extended compared to when the first coolant flow path and the second coolant flow path are not connected. Therefore, even when the remaining capacity of the battery is large, the second power generation control can be continued for a relatively long time. As a result, the power generated from the power generation cell can be consumed well. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the power generation control process. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the heat control process during the second power generation control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] [1 Configuration of fuel cell system 10] 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system 10. The fuel cell system 10 is mounted on, for example, a vehicle (fuel cell vehicle). The fuel cell system 10 can also be mounted on moving objects such as ships, aircraft, and robots. The fuel cell system 10 can also be used as a stationary power source in facilities, homes, and the like.

[0012] In the fuel cell system 10, a fuel gas and an oxidant gas are used as reactant gases. The fuel gas is a hydrogen-containing gas. The oxidant gas is an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Each of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 and subjected to an electrochemical reaction. In this specification, the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 without being subjected to the electrochemical reaction is also referred to as fuel off-gas. In this specification, the oxidant gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 without being subjected to the electrochemical reaction is also referred to as oxidant off-gas.

[0013] The fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell stack 12, a tank 14, an anode system 16, a cathode system 18, a cooling system 20, and an air conditioning system 22. The fuel cell system 10 also includes a control device 24. Electric power generated by the fuel cell stack 12 is supplied to a load 26. The load 26 includes a battery 26A that stores the electric power generated by the fuel cell stack 12, a drive motor 26B of the vehicle, and a heater 144. The tank 14 is filled with high-pressure fuel gas.

[0014] The fuel cell stack 12 includes a fuel gas supply port 12a that supplies fuel gas to the inside of the fuel cell stack 12, and a fuel gas discharge port 12b that discharges fuel off-gas from the inside of the fuel cell stack 12. The fuel cell stack 12 includes an oxidant gas supply port 12c that supplies oxidant gas to the inside of the fuel cell stack 12, and an oxidant gas discharge port 12d that discharges the oxidant off-gas from the inside of the fuel cell stack 12. The fuel cell stack 12 includes a refrigerant supply port 12e that supplies a refrigerant to the inside of the fuel cell stack 12, and a refrigerant discharge port 12f that discharges the refrigerant from the inside of the fuel cell stack 12.

[0015] The fuel cell stack 12 has a plurality of power generating cells 28. Each of the plurality of power generating cells 28 has the same configuration. Each power generating cell 28 includes a membrane electrode assembly 30, a first separator 32, and a second separator 34. The membrane electrode assembly 30 is sandwiched between the first separator 32 and the second separator 34. One of the plurality of power generating cells 28 is shown in FIG. 1.

[0016] The first separator 32 and the second separator 34 are formed, for example, from a metal sheet having a corrugated cross section. In two adjacent power generating cells 28, the first separator 32 of one power generating cell 28 and the second separator 34 of the other power generating cell 28 are joined to each other. A cell cooling flow path (not shown) is formed between the first separator 32 and the second separator 34. The cell cooling flow path communicates with the refrigerant supply port 12e and the refrigerant discharge port 12f.

[0017] The membrane electrode assembly 30 includes an electrolyte membrane 36, an anode electrode 38, and a cathode electrode 40. The electrolyte membrane 36 is located between the anode electrode 38 and the cathode electrode 40. An anode flow path 42 is formed between the first separator 32 and the anode electrode 38. The anode flow path 42 communicates with the fuel gas supply port 12a and the fuel gas discharge port 12b. A cathode flow path 44 is formed between the second separator 34 and the cathode electrode 40. The cathode flow path 44 communicates with the oxidant gas supply port 12c and the oxidant gas discharge port 12d.

[0018] The anode system 16 includes a fuel gas supply passage 84, a fuel gas discharge passage 86, a circulation passage 88, and a drain passage 90. The anode system 16 also includes an injector 94, an ejector 96, a gas-liquid separator 98, and a drain valve 100.

[0019] The fuel gas supply path 84 connects the exhaust port of the tank 14 and the fuel gas supply port 12a of the fuel cell stack 12. The fuel gas supply path 84 is provided with an injector 94 and an ejector 96. The ejector 96 is disposed between the injector 94 and the fuel cell stack 12.

[0020] The fuel gas discharge path 86 connects the fuel gas discharge port 12b of the fuel cell stack 12 and a supply port of the gas-liquid separator 98. The circulation path 88 connects the discharge port of the gas-liquid separator 98 and the ejector 96.

[0021] The drainage channel 90 connects the drain outlet of the gas-liquid separator 98 to the inlet of the diluter 121. The outlet of the diluter 121 is connected to a discharge port provided in the vehicle. The drainage channel 90 is provided with a drain valve 100.

[0022] The cathode system 18 includes an oxidant gas supply channel 106, an oxidant gas discharge channel 108 (discharge channel), and a bypass channel 110. The cathode system 18 also includes a compressor 112 (oxidant gas supplier), a humidifier 114 (HUM), a first shutoff valve 116, a second shutoff valve 118, and a bypass valve 119.

[0023] The oxidizing gas supply channel 106 connects an air intake port (not shown) provided in the vehicle and the oxidizing gas supply port 12c of the fuel cell stack 12. The oxidizing gas supply channel 106 is provided with a compressor 112, a first sealing valve 116, and a humidifier supply channel 114A of the humidifier 114. A portion of the oxidizing gas supply channel 106 that is disposed upstream of the humidifier 114 is referred to as the oxidizing gas supply channel 106A. A portion of the oxidizing gas supply channel 106 that is disposed downstream of the humidifier 114 is referred to as the oxidizing gas supply channel 106B. The oxidizing gas supply channel 106A is provided with the compressor 112 and a first sealing valve 116. The first sealing valve 116 is disposed between the compressor 112 and the humidifier 114.

[0024] The oxidant gas discharge channel 108 connects the oxidant gas discharge port 12d of the fuel cell stack 12 and the inlet of the diluter 121. The oxidant gas discharge channel 108 is provided with a humidifier discharge channel 114B of the humidifier 114 and a second shutoff valve 118. A portion of the oxidant gas discharge channel 108 that is disposed upstream of the humidifier 114 is referred to as an oxidant gas discharge channel 108A. A portion of the oxidant gas discharge channel 108 that is disposed downstream of the humidifier 114 is referred to as an oxidant gas discharge channel 108B. The oxidant gas discharge channel 108B is provided with the second shutoff valve 118.

[0025] The bypass passage 110 is connected to the oxidizing gas supply passage 106A between the compressor 112 and the first shutoff valve 116, and to the oxidizing gas discharge passage 108B downstream of the second shutoff valve 118. The bypass passage 110 is provided with a bypass valve 119.

[0026] The cooling system 20 includes a coolant flow path 120. The cooling system 20 also includes a pump 126, a radiator 128, a first temperature sensor 130, and a flow dividing valve 132.

[0027] The coolant flow path 120 circulates a coolant between the fuel cell stack 12 and the radiator 128. The coolant is, for example, water containing ethylene glycol. The coolant flow path 120 includes a coolant supply path 122, a coolant discharge path 124, and a branch path 125. The coolant supply path 122 connects a fluid discharge port of the radiator 128 to a coolant supply port 12e of the fuel cell stack 12. The coolant discharge path 124 connects a coolant discharge port 12f of the fuel cell stack 12 to a fluid supply port of the radiator 128. The branch path 125 branches off from the coolant discharge path 124 and merges with the coolant supply path 122.

[0028] The pump 126 is provided in the coolant supply path 122. The pump 126 is provided, for example, between a portion where a partial flow path 148B described later is connected to the coolant supply path 122 and a portion where a partial flow path 148A described later is connected to the coolant supply path 122. The pump 126 may be provided in the coolant discharge path 124. The radiator 128 is a heat dissipator that dissipates heat from the coolant in the coolant flow path 120. The radiator 128 may include a fan 128F.

[0029] The first temperature sensor 130 is a first temperature detection device that detects the temperature of the coolant (coolant temperature) in the coolant flow path 120. The first temperature sensor 130 is provided in the coolant discharge path 124. The first temperature sensor 130 may be provided in the coolant supply path 122. The first temperature sensor 130 may detect the outlet temperature of the reactant gas. In this case, the first temperature sensor 130 is provided in, for example, the fuel gas discharge port 12b. The above coolant temperature or the above outlet temperature corresponds to the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 (stack temperature).

[0030] The flow dividing valve 132 is provided at a junction where the branch passage 125 joins the refrigerant supply passage 122. The flow dividing valve 132 may be provided at a branch portion where the branch passage 125 branches off from the refrigerant discharge passage 124. The opening degree of the flow dividing valve 132 is adjustable. The amount of refrigerant supplied to the radiator 128 is adjusted according to the opening degree of the flow dividing valve 132. The opening degree of the flow dividing valve 132 is controlled by the control device 24.

[0031] The air conditioning system 22 includes a refrigerant flow path 140. The air conditioning system 22 also includes a pump 142, a heater 144, a valve body 146, and a second temperature sensor 160.

[0032] The refrigerant flow path 140 is provided separately from the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20. That is, the refrigerant flow path 140 is different from the refrigerant flow path 120. The refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 and the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 can be connected via a communication path 148. The communication path 148 has a partial flow path 148A and a partial flow path 148B.

[0033] The material of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 140 of the air conditioning system 22 is the same as the material of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 120 of the cooling system 20. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 140 exchanges heat with air taken in from, for example, the vehicle cabin. The air after the heat exchange is supplied, for example, to the vehicle cabin.

[0034] The pump 142 is provided in a refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22. The heater 144 is a heater that heats the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22. The heating of the refrigerant by the heater 144 is controlled by the control device 24, for example.

[0035] The valve element 146 can switch between connection and disconnection between the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22. This switching is performed by the control device 24. The valve element 146 may be a three-way valve. In this case, the valve element 146 is provided at each of the connection portion between the refrigerant flow path 140 and the partial flow path 148A and the connection portion between the refrigerant flow path 140 and the partial flow path 148B.

[0036] The second temperature sensor 160 is a second temperature detection device that detects the temperature of the refrigerant (refrigerant temperature) in the refrigerant flow path 140. In this embodiment, the temperature of the refrigerant downstream of the heater 144 is detected, but the temperature of the heater 144 may be detected as the temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 140.

[0037] The control device 24 may be configured by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The control device 24 includes a calculation unit 136 and a storage unit 138. The calculation unit 136 is, for example, a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). That is, the calculation unit 136 may be configured by a processing circuitry. The calculation unit 136 includes an acquisition unit 150, a power generation control unit 152, and a thermal control unit 154. The acquisition unit 150, the power generation control unit 152, and the thermal control unit 154 may be realized by the calculation unit 136 executing a program stored in the storage unit 138.

[0038] At least one of the acquiring unit 150, the power generation control unit 152, and the thermal control unit 154 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). At least one of the acquiring unit 150, the power generation control unit 152, and the thermal control unit 154 may be realized by an electronic circuit including a discrete device.

[0039] The acquisition unit 150 acquires information from electronic components (sensors, ECU, etc.) other than the control device 24. The power generation control unit 152 controls the operations of the injector 94, the compressor 112, the pump 126, each valve, etc. The heat control unit 154 controls the operations of the flow dividing valve 132, the heater 144, the valve body 146, etc.

[0040] The storage unit 138 is a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium is composed of a volatile memory (not shown) and a non-volatile memory (not shown). The volatile memory is, for example, a random access memory (RAM). The non-volatile memory is, for example, a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, etc. Data and the like are stored in, for example, the volatile memory. Programs, tables, maps, and the like are stored in, for example, the non-volatile memory. At least a part of the storage unit 138 may be provided in the above-mentioned processor, integrated circuit, etc.

[0041] [2 Fluid flow in fuel cell system 10] [2-1 Fluid flow in the anode system 16] The injector 94 injects the fuel gas supplied from the tank 14 downstream of the fuel gas supply path 84. The fuel gas injected from the injector 94 is supplied to the fuel gas supply port 12a of the fuel cell stack 12 via the fuel gas supply path 84. The fuel gas that does not react inside the fuel cell stack 12 is discharged as fuel off-gas from the fuel gas discharge port 12b of the fuel cell stack 12. The fuel off-gas contains hydrogen that did not react with oxygen, nitrogen in the oxidant gas that has permeated the electrolyte membrane 36, and moisture produced by the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen.

[0042] The fuel off-gas is supplied to a gas-liquid separator 98 via a fuel gas discharge passage 86. The gas-liquid separator 98 separates the fuel off-gas into a gas component (fuel off-gas) and a liquid component (water). The fuel off-gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 98 is supplied to an ejector 96 via a circulation passage 88. The fuel off-gas sucked from the gas-liquid separator 98 and the fuel gas injected from the injector 94 join together in the ejector 96.

[0043] [2-2 Fluid flow in the cathode system 18] The compressor 112 discharges the oxidant gas (air) sucked in from outside the vehicle downstream of the oxidant gas supply passage 106. The oxidant gas discharged from the compressor 112 is supplied to the oxidant gas supply port 12c of the fuel cell stack 12 via the oxidant gas supply passage 106. The oxidant gas that has not reacted inside the fuel cell stack 12 is discharged as oxidant off-gas from the oxidant gas discharge port 12d of the fuel cell stack 12. The oxidant off-gas contains each component contained in the oxidant gas and moisture produced by the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen.

[0044] The oxidant off-gas is discharged to the diluter 121 through the oxidant gas discharge passage 108. The oxidant off-gas contains moisture. In the humidifier 114, a part of the moisture contained in the oxidant off-gas is used to humidify the oxidant gas flowing through the humidifier supply passage 114A.

[0045] [2-3 Fluid flow in cooling system 20] The pump 126 discharges the coolant toward the coolant supply port 12e of the fuel cell stack 12. The coolant discharged from the pump 126 is supplied to the coolant supply port 12e of the fuel cell stack 12 via the coolant supply path 122. The coolant that has circulated inside the fuel cell stack 12 is discharged from the coolant discharge port 12f of the fuel cell stack 12. The coolant discharged from the coolant discharge port 12f is supplied to the radiator 128 via the coolant discharge path 124. The coolant that has dissipated heat in the radiator 128 reaches the pump 126.

[0046] A part of the coolant discharged from the coolant discharge port 12f flows into the coolant supply path 122 via the branch path 125 without passing through the radiator 128. The amount of this flow-in is adjusted according to the opening degree of the branch valve 132.

[0047] [2-4 Fluid flow in air conditioning system 22] The heater 144 heats the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 140. In a state (first state) in which the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are blocked, the refrigerant heated by the heater 144 is circulated through the refrigerant flow path 140 by the pump 142.

[0048] In a state (second state) in which the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are connected, the refrigerant heated by the heater 144 flows into the refrigerant flow path 120. That is, in the second state, the refrigerant heated by the heater 144 flows into a partial flow path 148A of the communication passage 148 via the valve body 146. The refrigerant that has flowed into the partial flow path 148A flows into the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and merges with the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 120.

[0049] The coolant then flows into the fuel cell stack 12 via the coolant supply path 122, circulates inside the fuel cell stack 12, and flows into the coolant supply path 122 via the coolant discharge path 124 or the branch path 125. A portion of the coolant flowing into the coolant supply path 122 flows into the coolant path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 via the partial path 148B of the communication path 148. The coolant that has flowed into the coolant path 140 reaches the pump 142.

[0050] Thus, in the second state, the coolant circulates through the coolant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 , the coolant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 , and the inside of the fuel cell stack 12 .

[0051] [3 Power generation control] The power generation control unit 152 is capable of executing a first power generation control for supplying power to the load 26 in response to a request, and a second power generation control for drying the electrolyte membrane 36 provided in the power generation cell 28.

[0052] 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the power generation control process. The power generation control unit 152 does not execute the power generation control process unless it has received a system startup command, which is a command for starting up the fuel cell system 10. When the power generation control unit 152 receives the system startup command, the power generation control process proceeds to step S1.

[0053] In step S1, the power generation control unit 152 executes a first power generation control for supplying power according to a request to the load 26. The power generation control unit 152 continues the first power generation control until a system stop command, which is a command for stopping the fuel cell system 10, is received. When the system stop command is received, the power generation control unit 152 ends the first power generation control. When the first power generation control ends, the power generation control process proceeds to step S2.

[0054] In step S2, the power generation control unit 152 compares the temperature (stack temperature) detected by the first temperature sensor 130 with a predetermined temperature threshold. This temperature threshold is selected, for example, from a range of 0° C. to 5° C. If the stack temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature threshold (NO in step S2), the power generation control unit 152 compares the stack temperature with the temperature threshold again after a predetermined time has elapsed. If the stack temperature is lower than the temperature threshold (YES in step S2), the power generation control process proceeds to step S3.

[0055] In step S3, the power generation control unit 152 executes the second power generation control. When a predetermined time has elapsed since the second power generation control was started, or when the impedance of the fuel cell stack 12 reaches the target impedance, or when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 reaches a predetermined temperature, the power generation control unit 152 determines that the power generation cells 28 have dried. In this case, the power generation control unit 152 ends the second power generation control. When the second power generation control ends, the power generation control process ends. When the second power generation control ends, the power generation control unit 152 does not execute the power generation control process until it receives a system startup command again.

[0056] The system start command is supplied when a switch (start switch) of the fuel cell system 10 is turned on. The system stop command is supplied when a switch of the fuel cell system 10 is turned off. The switch of the fuel cell system 10 corresponds to, for example, an ignition switch of a vehicle.

[0057] In the first power generation control, the power generation control unit 152 controls the operation of the injector 94, compressor 112, pump 126, each valve, etc., and causes the power generation cell 28 to perform normal power generation. During execution of the first power generation control, the power generation control unit 152 controls the injector 94 and compressor 112 based on the requested power generation so that the power generation of the power generation cell 28 becomes the requested power generation. The requested power generation is calculated by the power generation control unit 152 based on, for example, the accelerator opening, the vehicle speed, the road gradient, etc.

[0058] The second power generation control includes low-efficiency power generation control in which the power generation cell 28 generates power at a power generation efficiency lower than the power generation efficiency in the first power generation control, and dry power generation control in which the fuel cell stack 12 is heated and dried in order to dry the electrolyte membrane 36 provided in the power generation cell 28.

[0059] In the low-efficiency power generation control, power generation is performed at a low-efficiency operation point where power generation loss is greater than that at the normal operation point in the first power generation control. During execution of the low-efficiency power generation control, the power generation control unit 152 controls the injector 94 and the compressor 112 so that the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 becomes relatively small. More specifically, the power generation control unit 152 sets the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas during the second power generation control to be smaller than the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas during the first power generation control. That is, the ratio of the oxidant gas to the fuel gas during execution of the second power generation control is set to be smaller than the ratio of the oxidant gas to the fuel gas during execution of the first power generation control.

[0060] As a result, the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 during the second power generation control is less than the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 during the first power generation control. As a result, during the second power generation control, low-efficiency power generation in which the power generation efficiency is lower than that of normal power generation is performed in the power generation cell 28. Since low-efficiency power generation is performed, the amount of heat generated by the power generation cell 28 increases during the second power generation control. That is, the amount of heat generated by the power generation cell 28 during the second power generation control is greater than the amount of heat generated by the power generation cell 28 during the first power generation control.

[0061] The dry power generation control is started after the low-efficiency power generation control is ended. For example, when the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 130 reaches the target temperature, the low-efficiency power generation control is switched to the dry power generation control. In the dry power generation control, power generation is performed at the normal operation point in the first power generation control, an operation point with a smaller power generation loss than the normal operation point, or an operation point equivalent to the normal operation point. That is, the power generation control unit 152 controls the injector 94 and the compressor 112 to cause the power generation cell 28 to perform steady operation at the normal operation point similar to the first power generation control, or to perform power generation in a high stoichiometric state in which the ratio of oxidant gas to fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 is increased.

[0062] [4 Thermal Control] During the first power generation control, the thermal control unit 154 drives the pump 126 provided in the coolant flow path 120. Furthermore, during the first power generation control, the thermal control unit 154 sets the opening degree of the shunt valve 132 so that the coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 to the coolant discharge path 124 is supplied to the radiator 128 without being supplied to the coolant supply path 122 via the shunt path 125. Note that the thermal control unit 154 may adjust the opening degree of the shunt valve 132.

[0063] Furthermore, during the first power generation control, the thermal control unit 154 controls the valve element 146 so that the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are disconnected. Therefore, during the first power generation control, the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 is not supplied to the fuel cell stack 12. During the first power generation control, only the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12. Note that, during the first power generation control, the thermal control unit 154 may control the valve element 146 so that the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are connected for an arbitrary period of time.

[0064] 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the heat control process during the second power generation control. The heat control unit 154 executes a predetermined heat control process during the second power generation control. The heat control process proceeds to step S11 when the second power generation control is started.

[0065] In step S11, the thermal control unit 154 drives the pump 126 provided in the coolant flow path 120 and the pump 142 provided in the coolant flow path 140. The pump 126 and the pump 142 may be driven using electric power supplied from the battery 26A, or may be driven using electric power generated from the power generating cell 28 by the second power generation control. The thermal control unit 154 also sets the aperture of the flow dividing valve 132 so that the coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 to the coolant discharge path 124 is supplied to the coolant supply path 122 without being supplied to the radiator 128. When the pump 126 and the pump 142 are driven and the aperture of the flow dividing valve 132 is set, the thermal control process proceeds to step S12.

[0066] In step S12, the thermal control unit 154 controls the valve body 146 to connect the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 to the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22. The timing for connecting the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 to the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 may be a timing when a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the second power generation control.

[0067] When the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are connected, it becomes possible to warm the power generating cell 28 by the heat generated by the power generation cell 28 and the heat of the refrigerant heated by the heater 144. Therefore, the power generating cell 28 can be warmed more quickly and sufficiently than when the power generating cell 28 is warmed only by the heat generated by the power generation cell 28. After the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are connected, the thermal control process proceeds to step S13.

[0068] In step S13, the thermal control unit 154 determines whether the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold. The remaining capacity of the battery 26A is acquired, for example, from a capacity sensor or the like provided in the battery 26A. If the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is less than the predetermined remaining capacity threshold (NO in step S13), the thermal control process proceeds to step S14. On the other hand, if the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is equal to or greater than the predetermined remaining capacity threshold (YES in step S13), the thermal control process proceeds to step S15.

[0069] In step S14, the thermal control unit 154 charges the battery 26A and drives the heater 144 using the power supplied from the battery 26A. That is, the thermal control unit 154 sets a power supply path so that the power generated from the power generation cell 28 by the second power generation control is supplied to the battery 26A. The thermal control unit 154 also sets a power supply path so that power is supplied from the battery 26A to the heater 144. This makes it possible to drive the heater 144 while suppressing the power consumption of the battery 26A. When driving of the heater 144 using the power supplied from the battery 26A starts, the thermal control process proceeds to step S16.

[0070] In step S15, the thermal control unit 154 drives the heater 144 using the power generated from the power generation cell 28 by the second power generation control. That is, the thermal control unit 154 sets a power supply path so that the power generated from the power generation cell 28 is supplied to the heater 144, and causes the heater 144 to consume the power. This makes it possible to drive the heater 144 while suppressing the accumulation of excessive power in the battery 26A. When driving of the heater 144 using the power generated from the power generation cell 28 starts, the thermal control process proceeds to step S16.

[0071] In step S16, heat control unit 154 compares the coolant temperature detected by first temperature sensor 130 with the target temperature. If the coolant temperature is equal to or higher than the target temperature (YES in step S16), the heat control process proceeds to step S17. On the other hand, if the coolant temperature is lower than the target temperature (NO in step S16), the heat control process proceeds to step S18.

[0072] In step S17, the thermal control unit 154 adjusts the opening of the flow diverter valve 132 according to the refrigerant temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 130. The opening of the flow diverter valve 132 is adjusted so that the amount of refrigerant supplied to the radiator 128 increases as the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 130 increases. This makes it possible to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 at the target temperature. Once the opening of the flow diverter valve 132 has been adjusted, the thermal control process proceeds to step S18.

[0073] In step S18, heat control unit 154 compares the coolant temperature detected by second temperature sensor 160 with a predetermined temperature threshold. The temperature threshold is set higher than the target temperature. If the temperature of the coolant flowing through coolant flow path 140 is equal to or higher than the temperature threshold (YES in step S18), the heat control process proceeds to step S19. On the other hand, if the temperature of the coolant flowing through coolant flow path 140 is lower than the temperature threshold (NO in step S18), the heat control process returns to step S17.

[0074] In step S19, the heat control unit 154 cuts off the supply of power to the heater 144 to stop the heater 144. When the heater 144 is stopped, the heat control process returns to step S17.

[0075] The above heat control process is executed during the implementation of the second power generation control. When the second power generation control ends, the heat control unit 154 stops the pump 126 and the pump 142. When the heater 144 is not stopped in the above-mentioned step S19, the heat control unit 154 stops the heater 144 when the second power generation control ends.

[0076] [5. Effects of the above embodiment] In the above embodiment, after the first power generation control is ended based on the system stop command, when the stack temperature is less than the temperature threshold value, the control device 24 starts the second power generation control. First, the control device 24 executes low-efficiency power generation control by setting the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the second power generation control to be smaller than the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the first power generation control. Then, the control device 24 executes dry power generation control by setting the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas to be equal to or greater than the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the first power generation control. This allows the electrolyte membrane 36 to be satisfactorily dried. As a result, it becomes possible to satisfactorily start up the power generation cell 28 at low temperatures. In addition, deterioration of the electrolyte membrane 36 caused by freezing of water is suppressed.

[0077] When the second power generation control is performed when the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the control device 24 causes the heater 144 to consume the electricity generated by the power generation cell 28 while the refrigerant flow path 120 of the cooling system 20 and the refrigerant flow path 140 of the air conditioning system 22 are connected to each other.

[0078] As a result, the temperature of the coolant heated by the heater 144 rises more slowly than when the coolant flow path 120 and the coolant flow path 140 are not connected. Therefore, the time during which the power generated by the power generating cell 28 is consumed by the heater 144 can be made longer than when the coolant flow path 120 and the coolant flow path 140 are not connected. Therefore, even if the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is large, the second power generation control can be continued for a relatively long time. Thus, according to the embodiment, the power generated by the power generating cell 28 can be consumed well.

[0079] Furthermore, the control device 24 controls the flow dividing valve 132 provided in the coolant flow passage 120 in accordance with the coolant temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 130, and adjusts the flow rate of the coolant whose heat is dissipated by the radiator 128. This makes it possible to cause the heater 144 to consume the electric power generated by the power generating cell 28 while maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 at a target temperature.

[0080] More specifically, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is below the target temperature, the controller 24 closes the diverter valve 132. This makes it possible to prevent the temperatures of the refrigerant flow path 140 and the refrigerant flow path 120 from becoming difficult to increase. Furthermore, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is equal to or higher than the target temperature, the controller 24 opens the diverter valve 132. This makes it possible to lower the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the heater 144 by the radiator 128, and as a result, it becomes possible to further extend the time during which the electric power generated by the power generating cell 28 is consumed by the heater 144.

[0081] Furthermore, when the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 140 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature threshold, the control device 24 stops the power consumption by the heater 144. This makes it possible to prevent the refrigerant from being excessively heated. In particular, even if the heater 144 breaks down, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from being excessively heated.

[0082] [6 Modifications of the above embodiment] The above embodiment may be modified as follows.

[0083] (Variation 1) When the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is less than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the thermal control unit 154 may drive the heater 144 using both the power supplied from the battery 26A and the power generated from the power generating cell 28 by the second power generation control. In this modification, when the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the thermal control unit 154 drives the heater 144 using only the power generated from the power generating cell 28 by the second power generation control.

[0084] (Variation 2) In the case where the radiator 128 has a fan 128F, the controller 24 may perform fan control as follows.

[0085] That is, when the first power generation control is performed, the control device 24 drives the fan 128F. The fan 128F may be driven using power supplied from the battery 26A, or may be driven using power generated from the power generation cell 28 by the first power generation control. During the execution of the first power generation control, the control device 24 may adjust the rotation speed of the fan 128F depending on the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 130.

[0086] On the other hand, when the second power generation control is performed in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 26A is equal to or greater than the remaining capacity threshold, the control device 24 stops the fan 128F. This makes it possible to increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 compared to when the fan 128F is not stopped, and as a result, it is possible to efficiently dry the electrolyte membrane 36. In addition, it is possible to reduce the noise level during the second power generation control that is performed when the start switch is off.

[0087] [7 Notes] In addition to the above disclosure, the following notes are also disclosed.

[0088] (Appendix 1) The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell stack (12) including a power generation cell (28) that generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, a battery (26A) capable of storing electric power generated by the power generation cell, a radiator (128) used to cool the fuel cell stack, a first refrigerant flow path (120) that circulates a refrigerant between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, and a second refrigerant flow path (140) different from the first refrigerant flow path, a valve body (146) that can be switched between connection and disconnection between the first refrigerant flow path and a second refrigerant flow path (140) that is different from the first refrigerant flow path, a heater (144) that heats the refrigerant flowing through the second refrigerant flow path, and a control device ( 24), wherein the control device is capable of executing a first power generation control and a second power generation control that is performed based on a system stop command for stopping the fuel cell system, and the second power generation control includes a low-efficiency power generation control that causes the power generation cell to generate power at a power generation efficiency that is lower than the power generation efficiency in the first power generation control, and when the second power generation control is performed in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the control device causes the heater to consume the electric power generated from the power generation cell in a state where the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path are connected to each other.

[0089] According to the above, the temperature of the coolant heated by the heater increases more slowly than when the first coolant flow path and the second coolant flow path are not connected. Therefore, the time during which the power generated from the power generating cell is consumed by the heater can be extended compared to when the first coolant flow path and the second coolant flow path are not connected. Therefore, even when the remaining capacity of the battery is large, the second power generation control can be continued for a relatively long time. As a result, the power generated from the power generating cell can be consumed well.

[0090] (Appendix 2) The fuel cell system described in Appendix 1 may further include a first temperature detection device (130) capable of detecting a temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the first refrigerant flow path may include a refrigerant supply path (122) connecting a refrigerant supply port (12e) of the fuel cell stack and a fluid discharge port of the radiator, a refrigerant discharge path (124) connecting a refrigerant discharge port (12f) of the fuel cell stack and a fluid supply port of the radiator, and a branch path (125) connecting the refrigerant supply path and the refrigerant discharge path, and a branch valve (132) whose opening degree is adjustable is provided at a connection portion between the branch path and the refrigerant supply path or at a connection portion between the branch path and the refrigerant discharge path, and the control device may control the branch valve in accordance with the temperature of the fuel cell stack to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant dissipated by the radiator.

[0091] According to the above, the temperature of the fuel cell stack can be maintained at a target temperature while the heater consumes the electric power generated from the power generating cells. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack is below the target temperature and the diverter valve is closed, it is possible to prevent the temperatures of the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path from becoming difficult to increase. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack is equal to or higher than the target temperature and the diverter valve is open, the radiator reduces the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the heater, thereby making it possible to further extend the time during which the heater consumes the electric power generated from the power generating cells.

[0092] (Appendix 3) In the fuel cell system described in Appendix 1, the radiator is equipped with a fan (128F), and when the second power generation control is performed in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is equal to or greater than the remaining capacity threshold, the control device may cause the heater to consume the power generated from the power generation cell while stopping the fan.

[0093] According to the above, the amount of heat generated by the power generating cell can be increased compared to when the fan is not stopped, and as a result, the electrolyte membrane can be dried efficiently. Also, the noise level can be reduced compared to when the fan is driven during execution of the second power generation control.

[0094] (Appendix 4) The fuel cell system described in Appendix 1 may further include a second temperature detection device (160) capable of detecting a temperature of the second refrigerant flow path, and when the temperature of the second refrigerant flow path becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature threshold, the control device may stop the consumption of power by the heater.

[0095] According to the above, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from being excessively heated, particularly when the heater breaks down.

[0096] (Appendix 5) In the fuel cell system according to supplementary note 1, the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the low-efficiency power generation control may be lower than the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the first power generation control.

[0097] According to the above, since the amount of heat generated by the power generating cell is increased compared to the first power generation control, the electrolyte membrane can be dried well, and as a result, deterioration of the electrolyte membrane caused by freezing of water is suppressed.

[0098] The present invention is not limited to the above disclosure, and various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0099] 10...Fuel cell system 12...Fuel cell stack 20...Cooling system 22...Air conditioning system 24...Control device 28...Power generation cell 36...electrolyte membrane 120, 140...coolant flow path 128...Radiator 144...Heater

Claims

1. a fuel cell stack including a power generation cell that generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas; a battery capable of storing the power generated by the power generation cell; a radiator used to cool the fuel cell stack; a valve body that can switch between connection and disconnection between a first refrigerant flow path that circulates a refrigerant between the fuel cell stack and the radiator and a second refrigerant flow path that is different from the first refrigerant flow path; a heater that heats the refrigerant flowing through the second refrigerant flow path; A control device that controls power generation of the power generating cell; A fuel cell system having: the control device is capable of executing a first power generation control and a second power generation control that is performed based on a system stop command for stopping the fuel cell system, the second power generation control includes a low-efficiency power generation control in which the power generation cell is caused to generate power at a power generation efficiency lower than a power generation efficiency in the first power generation control, When the second power generation control is performed in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity threshold, the control device causes the heater to consume the electricity generated from the power generation cell in a state where the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path are connected to each other.

2. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, a first temperature detection device capable of detecting a temperature of the fuel cell stack; the first coolant flow path includes a coolant supply path that connects a coolant supply port of the fuel cell stack and a fluid discharge port of the radiator, a coolant discharge path that connects a coolant discharge port of the fuel cell stack and a fluid supply port of the radiator, and a branch path that connects the coolant supply path and the coolant discharge path, a diversion valve having an adjustable opening degree is provided at a connection portion between the diversion path and the refrigerant supply path or at a connection portion between the diversion path and the refrigerant discharge path, The control device controls the flow dividing valve in accordance with a temperature of the fuel cell stack, and adjusts a flow rate of the coolant whose heat is radiated by the radiator.

3. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, The heat sink includes a fan. A fuel cell system, wherein when the second power generation control is performed when the remaining capacity of the battery is equal to or greater than the remaining capacity threshold, the control device stops the fan and causes the heater to consume the power generated from the power generation cell.

4. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, a second temperature detection device capable of detecting a temperature of the second refrigerant flow path; When the temperature of the second coolant flow path becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature threshold, the control device stops the consumption of the electric power by the heater.

5. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the low-efficiency power generation control is lower than the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant gas in the first power generation control.

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