Compositions and methods comprising psilocybin derivative

Abstract

To provide a dosage formulation comprising a psilocybin derivative.SOLUTION: Provided is a dosage formulation comprising a composition comprising: a first purified psilocybin derivative, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate, 4-hydroxytryptamine, and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine; and a second compound, wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of a first purified terpene, a serotonergic agent, and a first purified cannabinoid.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the psilocybin technology, which at the time of this disclosure relates primarily to mycology, mushroom cultivation, wild mushroom preparations, and (in a few cases) the isolated compound psilocybin. [Background technology]

[0002] Many people around the world suffer from psychological or mood disorders, including depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many of these conditions are thought to involve the human serotonin system, including interactions between (A) the neurotransmitter serotonin (often abbreviated as 5-HT) and (B) several different subtypes of serotonin neurotransmitter receptors found in the human body.

[0003] A variety of compositions are known that modulate the activity on serotonin receptors. Several drugs (antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, etc.) are available. In 2014, Better Communication Company predicted that the global market for drugs to treat psychiatric disorders would reach approximately $77.1 billion by 2018, with a five-year compound annual growth rate of 2.3% from 2013 to 2018. Almost all of these drugs target neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin receptors, adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, etc.) and the targeting modes are varied. All of the top 10 drugs for treating mood disorders (e.g., depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and / or anxiety disorders) target the serotonin pathway.

[0004] However, despite the undoubted popularity and commercial success of these drugs, users of these drugs are dissatisfied with their long onset of action, their severe side effects, and their inadequate efficacy.In many cases, these drugs are harmful to the user.For example, many people who take prescription drugs that target serotonin report experiencing suicidal thoughts, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, elevated blood pressure, blurred vision, abnormal heart rate, nausea, and weight gain.

[0005] Millions of people in the United States recreationally consume so-called "magic mushrooms." Psilocybin (also known as 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, or dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]) is believed to be the most abundant psychoactive compound in "magic mushrooms." Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is believed to be the second most abundant compound. Many in the scientific community believe that psilocin is the only active ingredient in "magic mushrooms," arguing that psilocybin merely acts as a prodrug and has no activity in itself. No conclusive studies have been conducted to support or undermine this theory.

[0006] When properly formulated and administered, psilocin and psilocybin produce rapid and long-lasting changes in human mood, and these effects can be achieved with minimal side effects, low addiction potential, low abuse potential, and low toxicity risks.

[0007] At present, the field of psilocybin technology is in a stagnant state. Although there are a few studies utilizing purified psilocybin as the sole active pharmaceutical ingredient, there is virtually no research on formulating psilocybin into a drug product for treating psychiatric disorders. Apart from the few studies on purified psilocybin, there is no attempt to adjust the properties of psilocybin using formulation materials or other ingredients. There is no attempt to formulate combinations of psilocybin with derivatives or other active molecules in specific combinations or doses. There is no attempt to formulate psilocybin into a composition that can modify the activity on one or more neurotransmitter receptors.

[0008] The psilocybin technology field has focused on the cultivation and consumption of mushrooms. Unfortunately, the collection and consumption of mushrooms can be dangerous because it is difficult to distinguish the desired mushroom species from similar-looking species. For example, the genus Paramecium is easily confused with its toxic look-alikes. Misidentification of Paramecium causes severe illness and death every year.

[0009] Even when "magic mushrooms" are properly identified, they vary widely in their concentrations of psilocybin, psilocin, and other (often overlooked) active ingredients. Thus, using mushrooms to administer a specific compound or a specific dose is not possible due to the variability in the chemical composition of the mushrooms.

[0010] Furthermore, even when "magic mushrooms" are properly identified, they are prone to contamination, which can result in problems such as unwanted side effects like "wood lover paralysis."

[0011] Little research has been done on psilocybin pharmacology, as there is a general understanding in the art not to explore psilocybin formulations. Instead, the art is almost exclusively focused on "magic mushrooms." The highest U.S. authorities on the subject continue to maintain that psilocybin has "no beneficial purpose" and continues to hold the view that it has "high potential for abuse."

[0012] Until recently, little research has been done on developing treatments involving psilocybin. Recent attempts have shown that taking pure, isolated psilocybin is a promising treatment for several psychological conditions, including post-traumatic stress, anxiety, addiction, depression, and compulsive behavior. The November 6, 2017 Newsweek magazine described the state of the art as follows: "In the 1960s, magic mushrooms ("active psilocybin") were used as an experimental medical treatment, and some researchers are once again looking at magic mushrooms for therapeutic use. For example, a pilot study in 2011 showed the mushrooms had promising effects on cancer patients with anxiety. In 2016, a study validated their use in treating depression."

[0013] The field of psilocybin research is relatively small, and virtually no research has been conducted on formulating psilocybin or testing the pharmacology of psilocybin, its derivatives, and new formulations containing it. If properly studied, formulated, and administered, psilocybin and its derivatives are expected to offer significant benefits in the treatment of mood and neurological disorders, such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and / or anxiety disorders.

[0014] New compositions and methods are needed that include one or more of dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and / or 4-hydroxytryptamine in precise dosage formulations.

[0015] There is also a need for combination formulations of these agents with other molecules that affect neurotransmitter activity.

[0016] There is a need for better methods and compositions for targeting and / or modulating the activity of one or more neurotransmitter receptors.Recently, "magic mushrooms" and certain molecules contained therein have been shown to have promising applications in this field.However, before such molecules can become effective treatments, they need to be properly studied and properly formulated into compositions that provide consistent and specific actions (e.g., specific activity on neurotransmitter receptors).

[0017] Thus, there exists an unmet need in the art for formulated psilocybin compositions that can be met by isolating and identifying molecules in magic mushrooms and studying their activity using cellular pharmacology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Disclosed herein are new methods and compositions comprising psilocybin derivatives. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more psilocybin derivatives selected from the following: dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

[0019] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more purified psilocybin derivatives selected from the following: dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

[0020] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include regulating the activity of neurotransmitter receptors with a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include administering a first dosage formulation comprising a second purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering a first dosage formulation comprising a neurotransmitter activity modulator. In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, a first purified terpene, and / or a neurotransmitter activity modulator.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises administering a composition disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises treating a psychological disorder (e.g., anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorder, etc.) with a composition disclosed herein (e.g., a composition comprising one or more psilocybin derivatives, a composition comprising one or more cannabinoids, a composition comprising one or more terpenes, and / or a combination thereof). In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises treating a psychological disorder (e.g., anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorder, etc.) with a composition disclosed herein and a neurotransmitter activity modulator (e.g., a serotonin-based drug, a dopamine-based drug, etc.).

[0022] Disclosed herein are novel compositions comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a serotonin drug. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a first purified psilocybin derivative and a serotonin drug that are present in a molar ratio that is purposefully engineered and does not occur in nature.

[0023] Disclosed herein is a new composition comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid that are present in a molar ratio that is purposefully engineered and does not occur in nature.

[0024] Disclosed herein is a new composition comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene that are present in a molar ratio that is purposefully engineered and does not occur in nature.

[0025] Disclosed herein is a new composition comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene that are present in a molar ratio that is purposefully engineered and does not occur in nature.

[0026] Disclosed herein is a new composition comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a second purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a second purified cannabinoid that are present in a molar ratio that is purposefully engineered and does not occur in nature.

[0027] The term "chitin" as used herein refers to a polymer found primarily in the cell walls of fungi. In one embodiment, chitin is translucent. In one embodiment, chitin is flexible. In one embodiment, chitin is elastic. In one embodiment, chitin is durable. In one embodiment, chitin comprises nitrogen. In one embodiment, the chitin content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-10 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the chitin content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-5 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the chitin content of the compositions disclosed herein is less than 1 weight percent, as determined by dry weight.

[0028] In one embodiment, the moisture content of the composition disclosed herein is 0 to 15 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the moisture content of the composition disclosed herein is 0 to 10 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the moisture content of the composition disclosed herein is 0 to 5 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the moisture content of the composition disclosed herein is 0 to 1 weight percent, as determined by dry weight.

[0029] As used herein, the term "protein" refers to a large molecule that includes one or more amino acid chains (polypeptides). In one embodiment, proteins perform a function in an organism (e.g., catalyzing metabolic reactions, facilitating DNA replication, responding to stimuli, transporting molecules, etc.). In one embodiment, proteins serve as structural components in an organism.

[0030] In one embodiment, the protein content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-15 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the protein content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-10 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the protein content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-5 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the protein content of the compositions disclosed herein is 0-1 weight percent, as determined by dry weight. In one embodiment, the protein content of the compositions disclosed herein is less than 5 weight percent, as determined by dry weight.

[0031] The term "dry weight" as used herein refers to a measurement of the mass of a sample after all or substantially all of the liquid has been removed from the sample. In one embodiment, the removal of liquid includes dehydrating, heating, stirring, filtering, and / or any other method suitable for liquid water. In one embodiment, dry weight is measured in pounds. In one embodiment, dry weight is measured in ounces. In one embodiment, dry weight is measured in grams (e.g., milligrams, kilograms, etc.).

[0032] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are in the form of a dry powder.

[0033] The term "dry powder" as used herein refers to a substance that is composed of fine particles and contains little or no liquid material. In one embodiment, the dry powder is obtained by evaporating alcohol from a solution to leave dry particles. In one embodiment, the dry powder is a precipitate from a solution. In one embodiment, the dry powder is a solid that is collected from a plant (e.g., a mushroom) and pulverized into a powder, for example, using a mortar and pestle.

[0034] In one embodiment, the dry powder is composed of particles having a crystalline structure.

[0035] In one embodiment, the dry powder is composed of pure crystals.

[0036] In one embodiment, the dry powder is composed of a mixture of crystals.

[0037] In the context of this disclosure, any method for removing liquid is suitable for preparing a dry powder (eg, heating, mixing, filtering, evaporation, etc.).

[0038] In one embodiment, the compounds disclosed herein (e.g., psilocybin derivatives, cannabinoids, terpenes, etc.) are in the form of a dry powder.

[0039] In one embodiment, the dry powder includes an anti-agglomerating agent (eg, a desiccant).

[0040] In the context of the present disclosure, it is understood that the sample may contain small amounts of liquid that are negligible in the final measurement of the sample. In one example, the acceptable moisture content of the composition of the present disclosure is up to 1%, measured by weight percent.

[0041] As used herein, the terms "mass percent" (also known as "percent by mass"), "mass%" and the like refer to the amount of a compound relative to the total mass of a sample, expressed as a percentage of 100. In one embodiment, mass percent is calculated for a compound of interest using the following formula: (Mass of target compound (grams)) / (Total mass of composition (grams)) x 100%

[0042] In one example, the composition weighs 100g and contains 0.5g of a first purified psilocybin derivative, 8g of a first purified cannabinoid, and 2.5g of a first purified terpene, the mass percentages of the first purified psilocybin derivative, the first purified cannabinoid, and the first purified terpene being 0.5%, 8%, and 2.5%, respectively.

[0043] In one example, every 25 g of the composition contains 2 g of psilocybin derivative. The amount of psilocybin derivative in the composition is determined by the following formula: Psilocybin derivative 2.0g ÷ composition 25.0g x 100% = 8.0%

[0044] In the context of this disclosure, the term "purified" means separated from other materials, such as plant or fungal materials (e.g., proteins, chitin, cellulose, or water). In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to the compound being substantially free of other materials. In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to the compound being substantially free of a second tryptamine compound. In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to the compound being substantially free of histidine. In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to the compound being substantially free of biological materials, such as mold, fungus, plant, or bacteria. In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to the compound being substantially free of paralytic substances.

[0045] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound or composition that has been crystallized.

[0046] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound or composition that has been subjected to chromatography, such as by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography (e.g., LC, HPLC, etc.).

[0047] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound or composition that has been distilled.

[0048] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound or composition that has been sublimated.

[0049] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound or composition that has been subjected to two or more steps selected from crystallization, chromatography, distillation, or sublimation.

[0050] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound that is 80-100% pure, meaning that the compound constitutes 80-100% of the total mass of the composition.

[0051] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound that is 90-100% pure, meaning that the compound constitutes 90-100% of the total mass of the composition.

[0052] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound that is 95-100% pure, meaning that the compound constitutes 95-100% of the total mass of the composition.

[0053] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound that is 99-100% pure, meaning that the compound constitutes 99-100% of the total mass of the composition.

[0054] In one embodiment, the term "purified" refers to a compound having a purity of 99.9-100%, meaning that the compound constitutes 99.9-100% of the total mass of the composition.

[0055] Furthermore, the compounds disclosed herein are often found in so-called "conjugated" or "derivatized" forms during chemical analysis.In one example, psilocybin derivatives are in the form of glucuronide derivatives in human serum assays.When enzymatically hydrolyzed, glucuronide derivatives are converted to non-glucuronide forms.It may be useful to hydrolyze glucuronide derivatives before extraction.

[0056] For example, the concentration of psirosin can be estimated by GC / MS by using beta-glucuronidase to liberate psirosin from its urinary conjugates (also known as glucuronide derivative forms) and then using MSTFA (N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide) to derivatize psirosin to its trimethylsilyl derivative.

[0057] GC / MS can be used to identify and quantify psilocin in biological specimens.

[0058] Psilocin and psilocybin can also be identified by using liquid chromatography with or without tandem mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS). When using LC / MS, derivatization methods prior to analysis are often unnecessary. A useful example can also be obtained by combining liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to analyze psilocin and psilocybin in psychoactive mushrooms. All data indicate that the presence and amount of psychoactive compounds in samples of natural origin appears to be highly variable.

[0059] Disclosed herein are new compositions comprising specific ratios of dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and / or 4-hydroxytryptamine, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0060] The term "specific ratio" as used herein refers to the amount of a compound relative to the amount of another compound(s). In one embodiment, [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate and 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine are present in a ratio of about 1:1. In one embodiment, the specific ratio of compounds is measured in the same units, for example, grams, kilograms, pounds, ounces, etc. In one embodiment, the specific ratio of compounds is measured in moles, i.e., molar ratio or molar ratio.

[0061] In one example, [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate and 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine are present in a specific ratio of 1 kilogram:2 grams.

[0062] Disclosed herein are new compositions comprising specific amounts of dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and / or 4-hydroxytryptamine, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0063] The term "specific amount" as used herein refers to the amount of compound(s). In one embodiment, the specific amount is the combined amount of two compounds in a sample. In one embodiment, the specific amount is measured by dry weight. In one embodiment, the number of significant digits of the specific amount is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0064] Disclosed herein are new compositions that have little or no deviation in the content of one or more of the following molecules (deviation being the deviation between samples of the composition): dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and / or 4-hydroxytryptamine, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0065] In this specification, a first purified psilocybin derivative selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine; a second purified psilocybin derivative selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine; A new composition is disclosed comprising:

[0066] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0067] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0068] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 1,000:1 to about 1:1,000.

[0069] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 10,000:1 to about 1:10,000.

[0070] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate.

[0071] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

[0072] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine.

[0074] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0075] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxytryptamine.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0077] In one embodiment, the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

[0078] The term "psilocybin derivatives" as used herein refers to compounds that have a core structure similar to the compound [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate (also known as "psilocybin"). In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative is dephosphorylated, such as a phenol or derivative thereof. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains 0, 1, 2, or 3 alkyl groups covalently bonded to the nitrogen atom present in the aminoethyl group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains an amine (-NH2) group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains a carbonyl group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains an ester group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains a carboxyl group. In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative contains an amide group.

[0079] In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative in the compositions disclosed herein is a compound defined by structural formula A: [ka] In the formula, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R 10 is independently selected from an electron pair, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, halide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, aldehyde, haloformyl, carbonate ester, carboxylate, carboxyl, ester, hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal, orthoester, methylenedioxy, orthocarbonate ester, carboxamide, amine, imine, amide, azide, azo, cyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitrosoxy, nitro, pyridyl, thiol, sulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, thiocyanate, carbonothioyl, or phosphate.

[0080] In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative is a compound defined by structural formula A, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from an electron pair, hydrogen, or alkyl; R4 is hydrogen; R5 is selected from hydroxyl, ether, or phosphate; and R6, R7, R8, R9, and R 10 are each hydrogen.

[0081] In one embodiment, the psilocybin derivative is a compound defined by structural formula A, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from an electron pair, hydrogen, or alkyl; R4 and R5 are each hydrogen; R6 is selected from a hydroxyl, ether, or phosphate; and R7, R8, R9, and R 10 are each hydrogen.

[0082] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0083] As used herein, the term "dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0084] Dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] is often described by the name "psilocybin". Psilocybin is a psychoactive prodrug often found in mushrooms of the genus Palomino. See American Chemical Society, Molecule of the Week (October 2, 2017). When psilocybin is ingested, it is converted to psilocin in the human body through chemical and / or biological processes (ibid.). In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] may exist in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or mixtures thereof, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition).

[0085] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

[0086] As used herein, the term "4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0087] 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is also known by the name "psilocin." In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine can exist in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base), or mixtures thereof.

[0088] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0089] As used herein, the term "dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0090] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition), dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] can be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or mixtures thereof.

[0091] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

[0092] As used herein, the term "4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0093] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition), 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine can be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or a mixture thereof.

[0094] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0095] As used herein, the term "dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0096] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] may be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or mixtures thereof, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition).

[0097] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine.

[0098] As used herein, the term "4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0099] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition), 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine can be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or a mixture thereof.

[0100] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

[0101] As used herein, the term "dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0102] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] may be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or mixtures thereof, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition).

[0103] In one embodiment, the "first psilocybin derivative" is 4-hydroxytryptamine.

[0104] As used herein, the term "4-hydroxytryptamine" refers to a compound having the following structural formula and / or salts thereof: [ka]

[0105] In the context of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, depending on the circumstances (e.g., pH of the solution or composition), 4-hydroxytryptamine can be present in its protonated or deprotonated form (salt or free base) or a mixture thereof.

[0106] The term "salt" as used herein refers to a neutralized ionic compound. In one embodiment, a salt is formed by neutralizing an acid and a base. In one embodiment, a salt is electrically neutral.

[0107] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the first cannabinoid is a first purified cannabinoid.

[0108] The term "cannabinoid" as used herein refers to a compound derived from a class of molecules or derivatives thereof commonly found in plants of the Cannabis genus. In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is endogenous to animals, i.e., an endogenous cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is derived from a plant (e.g., a plant of the Cannabis genus), i.e., a phytocannabinoid. In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is artificially prepared in a laboratory, i.e., a synthetic cannabinoid. Many cannabinoids can be identified by the letter "cannabi" in their chemical name. There are at least 113 different cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis, and these cannabinoids exhibit a variety of (similar or different) actions.

[0109] Examples of cannabinoids relevant to the present disclosure include the following molecules: cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromene acid (CBCA), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabichromevaric acid (CBCVA), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabicyclolor acid (CBLA), cannabicyclovaline (CBLV), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiol monomethyl ether (CBDM), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidivaric acid (CBDVA), cannabiersoic acid B (CBEA-B), cannabiersoin (CBE), cannabiersoic acid A (CBEA-A), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA), Cannabigerolic Acid Monomethyl Ether (CBGAM), Cannabigerovarin (CBGV), Cannabigerovaric Acid (CBGVA), Cannabinodiol (CBND), Cannabinodivarin (CBDV), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabinol Methyl Ether (CBNM), Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2), Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4), Cannabinolic Acid (CBNA), Cannabiorcool (CBN-C1), Cannabivarin (CBV), Cannabinotriol (CBT), Cannabinotriolvaline (CBTV), 10-Ethoxy-9-Hydroxy-Delta-6a-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabicitran (CBT), Cannabiripsol (CBR), 8,9-dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ8-THCA), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B (THCA-B), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (THCA-C4), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolcol (THC-C1), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolcholic acid (THCA-C1), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), 10-oxo-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC), cannabichromanone (CBCF), cannabifuran (CBF), Cannabiglendol, delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC), trihydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (triOH-THC), dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF), and 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxin-5-methanol.

[0110] In one embodiment, the term "cannabinoid" refers to a compound selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

[0111] As used herein, the term "THC" or tetrahydrocannabinol refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0112] In the context of this disclosure, the term "THC" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of THC and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified THC and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering THC and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified THC and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0113] As used herein, the term "THCA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0114] In the context of this disclosure, the term "THCA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of THCA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified THCA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering THCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified THCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified THCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0115] As used herein, the term "THCV" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0116] In the context of this disclosure, the term "THCV" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of THCV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a THCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0117] As used herein, the term "THCVA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0118] In the context of this disclosure, the term "THCVA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of THCVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a THCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified THCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0119] As used herein, the term "CBC" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0120] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBC" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBC and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified CBC and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering CBC and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified CBC and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0121] As used herein, the term "CBCA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0122] In the context of this disclosure, the term "CBCA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBCA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0123] As used herein, the term "CBCV" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0124] In the context of this disclosure, the term "CBCV" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBCV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCV and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0125] As used herein, the term "CBCVA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0126] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBCVA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBCVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBCVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0127] As used herein, the term "CBD" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0128] In the context of this disclosure, the term "CBD" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBD and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBD and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBD and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBD and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBD and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0129] As used herein, the term "CBDA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0130] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBDA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBDA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBDA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0131] As used herein, the term "CBDV" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0132] In the context of this disclosure, the term "CBDV" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBDV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBDV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDV and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0133] As used herein, the term "CBDVA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0134] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBDVA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBDVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBDVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBDVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0135] As used herein, the term "CBG" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0136] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBG" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBG and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBG and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBG and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBG and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBG and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0137] As used herein, the term "CBGA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0138] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBGA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBGA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBGA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBGA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBGA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBGA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0139] As used herein, the term "CBGV" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0140] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBGV" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBGV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBGV and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a CBGV and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a purified CBGV and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0141] As used herein, the term "CBGVA" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0142] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "CBGVA" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of CBGVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified CBGVA and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering CBGVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified CBGVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering purified CBGVA and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0143] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0144] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 75:1 to about 1:75.

[0145] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 50:1 to about 1:50.

[0146] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 25:1 to about 1:25.

[0147] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0148] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 5:1 to about 1:5.

[0149] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a second purified cannabinoid.

[0150] In one embodiment, the second purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

[0151] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0152] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 75:1 to about 1:75.

[0153] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 50:1 to about 1:50.

[0154] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 25:1 to about 1:25.

[0155] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0156] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 5:1 to about 1:5.

[0157] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first terpene. In one embodiment, the first terpene is a first purified terpene.

[0158] The term "terpene" as used herein refers to a compound that belongs to a large class of compounds that are often biosynthesized from five-carbon isoprene units. In one embodiment, the terpene is produced by various plants (e.g., conifers, cannabis, basil, etc.). In one embodiment, the terpene is produced by insects (e.g., termites or swallowtail butterflies). In one embodiment, the terpene is a volatile compound. In one embodiment, the terpene is odorous. In one embodiment, the terpene is a major component of natural resins, such as turpentine, which is obtained from resins. In one embodiment, the terpene is biosynthetically derived from isoprene units (having the molecular formula C5H8). In one embodiment, the molecular formula of the terpene is (C5H8) n (n is the number of linked isoprene units).

[0159] In the context of this disclosure, compounds obtained when terpenes are chemically modified, such as by oxidation or rearrangement of the carbon backbone, are referred to as terpenoids. In the related art, terpenoids are sometimes also referred to as isoprenoids.

[0160] In one embodiment, terpenes are the main component(s) of essential oils derived from plants and / or flowers. Essential oils are widely used as fragrances in perfumery, medicine, and alternative medicine (e.g., aromatherapy).

[0161] In one embodiment, terpenes are classified according to the number of isoprene (C5H8) units in the compound, e.g., monoterpenes (C 10 H 16 ), sesquiterpenes (C 15 H 24 ), diterpenes (C 20 H 32 ), triterpenes (C 30 H 48 ), or tetraterpenes (C 40 H 64 ) are classified as follows.

[0162] In one embodiment, the first purified terpene is acetanisole, acetyl cedrene, anethole, anisole, benzaldehyde, bornyl acetate, borneol, cadinene, cafestol, caffeic acid, camphene, camphor, capsaicin, carene, carotene, carvacrol, carvone, alpha-caryophyllene, beta-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, cedrene, cedrene epoxide, cecanal, cedrol, cembrene, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde ... Tronellal, Citronellol, Cymene, Eicosane, Elemene, Estragole, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Cinnamate, Ethyl Maltol, Eucalyptol / 1,8-Cineole, Eudesmol, Eugenol, Euphol, Farnesene, Farnesol, Fenchone, Geraniol, Geranyl Acetate, Guaia-1(10),11-diene, Guaiacol, Guaiol, Guaiene, Gurjunene, Hernialin, Hexaldehyde, Hexanoic Acid, Humulene, Ionone, Ipsdienol, Isoamyl Acetate, Iso Amyl alcohol, isoamyl formate, isoborneol, isomyrcenol, isoprene, isopulegol, isovaleric acid, lavandulol, limonene, gamma-linolenic acid, linalool, longifolene, lycopene, menthol, methyl butyrate, 3-mercapto-2-methylpentanal, beta-mercaptoethanol, mercaptoacetic acid, methyl salicylate, methylbutenol, methyl 2-methylvalerate, methyl thiobutyrate, beta-myrcene, gamma-muurolene, nepetalactone, nerol, nerolidol, The amine is selected from neryl acetate, nonanaldehyde, nonanoic acid, ocimene, octanal, octanoic acid, pentyl butyrate, phellandrene, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylacetic acid, phenylethanethiol, phytol, pinene, propanethiol, pristimerin, pulegone, retinol, rutin, sabinene, squalene, taxadiene, terpineol, terpin-4-ol, terpinolene, thujone, thymol, umbelliferone, undecanal, verdoxan, or vanillin.

[0163] In one embodiment, the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

[0164] As used herein, the term "bornyl acetate" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0165] In the context of this disclosure, the term "bornyl acetate" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of bornyl acetate and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified bornyl acetate and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of bornyl acetate and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified bornyl acetate and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0166] As used herein, the term "alpha-bisabolol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0167] In the context of this disclosure, the term "alpha-bisabolol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of alpha-bisabolol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified alpha-bisabolol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of alpha-bisabolol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified alpha-bisabolol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0168] As used herein, the term "borneol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0169] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "borneol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of borneol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified borneol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of borneol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified borneol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0170] As used herein, the term "camphene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0171] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "camphene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of camphene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified camphene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of camphene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified camphene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0172] As used herein, the term "camphor" refers to a compound having any of the following structural formulas: [ka]

[0173] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "camphor" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of camphor and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified camphor and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of camphor and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified camphor and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0174] As used herein, the term "carene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0175] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "carene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of carene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified carene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of carene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified carene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0176] As used herein, the term "beta-caryophyllene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0177] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "beta-caryophyllene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of beta-caryophyllene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified beta-caryophyllene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of beta-caryophyllene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified beta-caryophyllene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0178] As used herein, the term "cedrene" refers to a compound having any of the following structural formulas: [ka]

[0179] In the context of this disclosure, the term "cedrene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of cedrene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified cedrene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of cedrene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified cedrene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0180] As used herein, the term "cymene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0181] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "cymene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of cymene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified cymene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of cymene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified cymene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0182] As used herein, the term "elemene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0183] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "elemene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of elemene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified elemene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of elemene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified elemene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0184] As used herein, the term "eucalyptol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0185] In the context of this disclosure, the term "eucalyptol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of eucalyptol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified eucalyptol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of eucalyptol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified eucalyptol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0186] As used herein, the term "eudesmol" refers to a compound having any of the following structural formulas: [ka]

[0187] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "eudesmol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of eudesmol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified eudesmol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of eudesmol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified eudesmol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0188] As used herein, the term "farnesene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0189] In the context of this disclosure, the term "farnesene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of farnesene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified farnesene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of farnesene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified farnesene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0190] As used herein, the term "fenchol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0191] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "fenchol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of fenchol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified fenchol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of fenchol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified fenchol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0192] As used herein, the term "geraniol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0193] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "geraniol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of geraniol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified geraniol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of geraniol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified geraniol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0194] As used herein, the term "guaiacol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0195] In the context of this disclosure, the term "guaiacol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of guaiacol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified guaiacol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of guaiacol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified guaiacol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0196] As used herein, the term "humulene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0197] In the context of this disclosure, the term "humulene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of humulene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified humulene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of humulene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified humulene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0198] As used herein, the term "isoborneol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0199] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "isoborneol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of isoborneol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified isoborneol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of isoborneol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified isoborneol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0200] As used herein, the term "limonene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0201] In the context of this disclosure, the term "limonene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of limonene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified limonene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of limonene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified limonene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0202] As used herein, the term "linalool" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0203] In the context of this disclosure, the term "linalool" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of linalool and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified linalool and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of linalool and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified linalool and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0204] As used herein, the term "menthol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0205] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "menthol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of menthol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified menthol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of menthol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified menthol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0206] As used herein, the term "beta-myrcene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0207] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "beta-myrcene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of beta-myrcene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified beta-myrcene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of beta-myrcene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified beta-myrcene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0208] As used herein, the term "nerolidol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0209] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "nerolidol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of nerolidol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified nerolidol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of nerolidol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified nerolidol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0210] As used herein, the term "ocimene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0211] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "ocimene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of ocimene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified ocimene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of ocimene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified ocimene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0212] As used herein, the term "phellandrene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0213] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "phellandrene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of phellandrene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified phellandrene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of phellandrene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified phellandrene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0214] As used herein, the term "phytol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0215] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "phytol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of phytol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified phytol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of phytol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified phytol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0216] As used herein, the term "pinene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0217] In the context of this disclosure, the term "pinene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of pinene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified pinene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of pinene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified pinene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0218] As used herein, the term "pulegone" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0219] In the context of this disclosure, the term "pulegone" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of pulegone and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified pulegone and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of pulegone and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified pulegone and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0220] As used herein, the term "sabinene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0221] In the context of this disclosure, the term "sabinene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of sabinene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified sabinene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of sabinene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified sabinene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0222] As used herein, the term "terpineol" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0223] In the context of this disclosure, the term "terpineol" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of terpineol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified terpineol and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of terpineol and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified terpineol and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0224] As used herein, the term "terpinolene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0225] In the context of this disclosure, the term "terpinolene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of terpinolene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified terpinolene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of terpinolene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified terpinolene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0226] As used herein, the term "valencene" refers to a compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0227] In the context of the present disclosure, the term "valencene" includes any derivatives and / or salts thereof, including any isomeric, structural, and / or enantiomeric variations thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of valencene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified valencene and a first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of valencene and a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation of purified valencene and a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0228] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0229] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 75:1 to about 1:75.

[0230] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 50:1 to about 1:50.

[0231] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 25:1 to about 1:25.

[0232] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0233] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a particular ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 5:1 to about 1:5.

[0234] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene.

[0235] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 100:1 to about 1:100, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0236] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 75:1 to about 1:75, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 75:1 to about 1:75.

[0237] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 50:1 to about 1:50, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 50:1 to about 1:50.

[0238] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 25:1 to about 1:25, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 25:1 to about 1:25.

[0239] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 10:1 to about 1:10, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0240] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 5:1 to about 1:5, and a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene in a specific ratio (e.g., molar ratio) of about 5:1 to about 1:5.

[0241] In one embodiment, the first purified terpene modulates the activity of a neurotransmitter activity modulator (e.g., a serotonergic drug, an adrenergic drug, a dopamine drug, a psilocybin derivative, etc.).

[0242] The term "serotonin drug" as used herein refers to a compound that binds to a serotonin receptor, blocks a serotonin receptor, or otherwise affects activity on a serotonin receptor (e.g., via an allosteric response). In one embodiment, a serotonin drug binds to a serotonin receptor. In one embodiment, a serotonin drug indirectly affects a serotonin receptor, e.g., via an interaction that affects the responsiveness of other molecules to the serotonin receptor. In one embodiment, a serotonin drug is an agonist, e.g., a compound that activates a serotonin receptor. In one embodiment, a serotonin drug is an antagonist, e.g., a compound that binds to a serotonin receptor but does not activate the serotonin receptor (e.g., blocks the receptor). In one embodiment, a serotonin drug is an effector molecule, e.g., a compound that binds to an enzyme for allosteric control. In one embodiment, serotonergic drugs act (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of receptors (eg, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine receptors, etc.).

[0243] In one embodiment, the serotonergic drug is an antidepressant.

[0244] In one embodiment, the serotonergic drug is an anti-anxiety agent.

[0245] In one embodiment, the serotonergic drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

[0246] In one embodiment, the serotonergic drug is a selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

[0247] Some examples of serotonergic drugs include the following molecules: 6-allyl-N,N-diethyl-NL, N,N-dibutyl-T, N,N-diethyl-T, N,N-diisopropyl-T, 5-methoxy-alpha-methyl-T, N,N-dimethyl-T, 2,alpha-dimethyl-T, alpha,N-dimethyl-T, N,N-dipropyl-T, N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-T, alpha-ethyl-T, 6,N,N-triethyl-NL, 3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-C, 7-methoxy-1-methyl-C, N,N-dibutyl-4-hybrid-N, 4-Hydroxy-T, N,N-Diethyl-4-Hydroxy-T, N,N-Diisopropyl-4-Hydroxy-T, N,N-Dimethyl-4-Hydroxy-T, N,N-Dimethyl-5-Hydroxy-T, N,N-Dipropyl-4-Hydroxy-T, N-Ethyl-4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-T, 4-Hydroxy-N-Isopropyl-N-Methyl-T, 4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-N-Propyl-T, 4-Hydroxy-N,N-Tetramethylene-T Ibogaine, N,N-Diethyl-L, N-Butyl-N-Methyl-T, N,N-Diisopropyl-4,5-Methyl N,N-diisopropyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T, N,N-dimethyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-T, N,N-dimethyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T, N-isopropyl-N-methyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T, N,N-diethyl-2-methyl-T, 2,N,N-trimethyl-T, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-T, N,N-diethyl-5-methoxy-T, N,N-diisopropyl-5-methoxy-T, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-T, N-isopropyl-4-methoxy-N-methyl-T, N-isopropyl Pyr-5-methoxy-N-methyl-T, 5,6-dimethoxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T, 5-methoxy-N-methyl-T, 5-methoxy-N,N-tetramethylene-T, 6-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-C, 5-methoxy-2,N,N-trimethyl-T, N,N-dimethyl-5-methylthio-T, N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T, alpha-methyl-T, N-ethyl-T, N-methyl-T, 6-propyl-NL, N,N-tetramethylene-T, tryptamine, and 7-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-C, alpha,N-dimethyl-5-methoxy-T. For additional information on these compounds, see Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. (2016). Tihkal: The Continuation. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press.

[0248] In one embodiment, the serotonergic drug is alprazolam, amphetamine, aripiprazole, azapirone, barbiturate, bromazepam, bupropion, buspirone, cannabinoid, chlordiazepoxide, citalopram, clonazepam, clorazepate, dextromethorphan, diazepam, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, flurazepam, fluvoxamine, lorazepam, lysergic acid diethylamide, lysergamia. The active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of lysergamide, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, naratriptan, paroxetine, pethidine, phenethylamines, psicaine, oxazepam, reboxetine, serenic, serotonin, sertraline, temazepam, tramadol, triazolam, tryptamine, venlafaxine, vortioxetine, and / or derivatives thereof.

[0249] As used herein, the term "serotonin" refers to a neurotransmitter compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0250] In one embodiment, serotonin acts on serotonin receptor, for example, by acting as a ligand for 5-HT receptor.In one embodiment, serotonin is produced by organisms to be used as neurotransmitter in the organism.In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein increases the activity on serotonin receptor.In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein decreases the activity on serotonin receptor.

[0251] The term "serotonin receptor" as used herein refers to a collection of extracellular proteins capable of receiving a signal and activating an internal signaling pathway that causes a cellular response. In one embodiment, serotonin receptors are found on cells in the central nervous system of an organism. In one embodiment, serotonin receptors are found on cells in the peripheral nervous system of an organism. In one embodiment, serotonin is the natural ligand for serotonin receptors. In one embodiment, serotonin receptors regulate the release of neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, epinephrine (also known as norepinephrine), acetylcholine, etc.). In one embodiment, serotonin receptors regulate the release of hormones (e.g., oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, substance P, etc.).

[0252] Examples of serotonin receptors include, but are not limited to, 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1D , 5-HT 1E , 5-HT 1F , 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2B , 5-HT 2C , 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT 5A , 5-HT 5B , 5-HT6, and 5-HT7.

[0253] The term "adrenergic drug" as used herein refers to a compound that binds to an adrenergic receptor, blocks an adrenergic receptor, or otherwise affects activity at an adrenergic receptor (e.g., via an allosteric response). In one embodiment, an adrenergic drug binds to an adrenergic receptor. In one embodiment, an adrenergic drug indirectly affects an adrenergic receptor, e.g., via an interaction that affects the responsiveness of other molecules to the adrenergic receptor. In one embodiment, an adrenergic drug is an agonist, e.g., a compound that activates an adrenergic receptor. In one embodiment, an adrenergic drug is an antagonist, e.g., a compound that binds to an adrenergic receptor but does not activate the adrenergic receptor (e.g., blocks the receptor). In one embodiment, an adrenergic drug is an effector molecule, e.g., a compound that binds to an enzyme for allosteric control. In one embodiment, the adrenergic drug acts (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of receptors (eg, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine receptors, etc.).

[0254] In one embodiment, the adrenergic drug is an antidepressant.

[0255] In one embodiment, the adrenergic drug is an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter.

[0256] In one embodiment, the adrenergic drug is an inhibitor of a vesicular monoamine transporter.

[0257] In one embodiment, the adrenergic drug is selected from adrenaline, agmatine, amoxapine, aptazapine, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, doxepin, duloxetine, esmirtazapine, mianserin, mirabegron, mirtazapine, norepinephrine, phentolamine, phenylephrine, piperoxane, reserpine, ritodrine, setiptiline, tesofensine, timolol, trazodone, trimipramine, or xylazine.

[0258] As used herein, the term "adrenaline" (also known as "epinephrine") refers to a neurotransmitter compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0259] In one embodiment, adrenaline acts on adrenaline receptors, for example, by acting as a ligand for adrenaline receptors. In one embodiment, adrenaline is produced by an organism for use as a neurotransmitter in the organism. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein increases the activity on adrenaline receptors. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein decreases the activity on adrenaline receptors.

[0260] The term "adrenergic receptor" as used herein refers to a collection of extracellular proteins that can receive signals and activate internal signaling pathways that cause cellular responses. In one embodiment, adrenergic receptors are found on cells in the central nervous system of an organism. In one embodiment, adrenergic receptors are found on cells in the sympathetic nervous system of an organism.

[0261] Examples of adrenergic receptors include, but are not limited to, α1A, α1B, α1D, α2A, α2B, α2C, β1, β2, and β3.

[0262] As used herein, the term "norepinephrine" refers to a neurotransmitter compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0263] In one embodiment, norepinephrine acts on adrenergic receptors, for example, by acting as a ligand for adrenergic receptors. In one embodiment, norepinephrine is produced by an organism for use as a neurotransmitter in the organism. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein increases the activity on adrenergic receptors. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein decreases the activity on adrenergic receptors.

[0264] The term "dopamine-based drug" as used herein refers to a compound that binds to a dopamine receptor, blocks a dopamine receptor, or otherwise affects activity on a dopamine receptor (e.g., via allosteric reactions). In one embodiment, a dopamine-based drug binds to a dopamine receptor. In one embodiment, a dopamine-based drug indirectly affects a dopamine receptor, e.g., via interactions that affect the responsiveness of other molecules to the dopamine receptor. In one embodiment, a dopamine-based drug is an agonist, e.g., a compound that activates a dopamine receptor. In one embodiment, a dopamine-based drug is an antagonist, e.g., a compound that binds to a dopamine receptor but does not activate the dopamine receptor (e.g., blocks the receptor). In one embodiment, a dopamine-based drug is an effector molecule, e.g., a compound that binds to an enzyme for allosteric control. In one embodiment, the dopamine drug acts (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of receptors (eg, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine receptors, etc.).

[0265] In one embodiment, the dopamine drug is an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter.

[0266] In one embodiment, the dopamine drug is an inhibitor of a vesicular monoamine transporter.

[0267] In one embodiment, the dopamine drug is selected from amineptine, apomorphine, benzylpiperazine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dihydrexidine, domperidone, dopamine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, ketamine, loxapine, methamphetamine, olanzapine, pemoline, perphenazine, pergolide, phencyclidine, phenethylamines, phenmetrazine, pimozide, piribedil, psychostimulants, reserpine, risperidone, ropinirole, tetrabenazine, or thioridazine.

[0268] As used herein, the term "dopamine" refers to a neurotransmitter compound having the following structural formula: [ka]

[0269] In one embodiment, dopamine acts on dopamine receptors, for example, by acting as a ligand for dopamine receptors.In one embodiment, dopamine is produced by an organism for use as a neurotransmitter in the organism.In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein increases the activity on dopamine receptors.In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein decreases the activity on dopamine receptors.

[0270] As used herein, the term "dopamine receptor" refers to a collection of extracellular proteins that can receive signals and activate internal signaling pathways that cause cellular responses. In one embodiment, dopamine receptors are found on cells within the central nervous system of an organism.

[0271] Examples of dopamine receptors include, but are not limited to, D1, D2, D 2Sh , D 2Lh , D3, D4, and D5.

[0272] In one embodiment, the first purified terpene modulates the activity of a neurotransmitter at its natural receptor (e.g., the activity of serotonin at serotonin receptors, the activity of dopamine at dopamine-based drugs, the activity of norephedrine at adrenergic receptors, etc.).

[0273] In one embodiment, the first purified terpene has activity at one or more receptors (e.g., a serotonin receptor, an adrenergic receptor, a dopamine receptor, a GABA receptor, a glutaminergic receptor, a histamine receptor, a cholinergic receptor, an opioid receptor, or a glycine receptor).

[0274] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include an excipient.

[0275] The term "excipient" as used herein refers to a compound useful in improving the bioavailability of an active ingredient(s). In one embodiment, the excipient allows for enhanced absorption of the active ingredient into the human body. In one embodiment, the excipient binds to the compound, thereby improving the permeation rate across a membrane, barrier, wall, etc. In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein includes administering two or more excipients (e.g., pH buffers, antioxidants, etc.). In one embodiment, the excipient also functions as a stabilizer. In one embodiment, the excipient binds to two or more compounds to form a homogenous mixture in solution, for example, a purified water-insoluble compound (e.g., a cannabinoid or terpene) and a purified psilocybin derivative (water-soluble) to form a homogenous mixture in water.

[0276] Examples of excipients include, but are not limited to, sodium lauryl sulfate, sucrose, alcohol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methionine, vitamin E TPGS, dimethylsulfoxide, tartrazine, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, fumed silica, talc, magnesium carbonate, or benzalkonium chloride.

[0277] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.

[0278] The term "monoamine oxidase inhibitor" as used herein refers to a molecule that binds to monoamine oxidase, thereby reducing the activity of monoamine oxidase.In the context of the present disclosure, examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors include aurorix, deprenyl, eldepryl, emsam, humoryl, hydracarbazine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, maneryx, nidrazide, phenelzine, pirazidol, procarbazine, rasagiline, and tranylcypromine.In one embodiment, monoamine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, amphetamine, adrenaline, etc.).

[0279] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include a stabilizer.

[0280] The term "stabilizer" as used herein refers to a compound useful in preventing the decomposition of an active ingredient (e.g., a psilocybin derivative, a cannabinoid, a terpene, etc.). In one embodiment, the stabilizer prevents the decomposition of the first psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the stabilizer prevents the first psilocybin derivative from reacting with other compounds in the composition (e.g., a cannabinoid, a terpene, a base, an acid, etc.). In one embodiment, the stabilizer prevents the first psilocybin derivative from reacting with the environmental atmosphere (e.g., heat, light, water, and / or oxygen). In one embodiment, the stabilizer comprises an antioxidant. In one embodiment, the stabilizer comprises a pH buffer.

[0281] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include an antioxidant.

[0282] The term "antioxidant" as used herein refers to compounds and / or compositions useful in preventing oxidation. In one embodiment, the antioxidant protects the active ingredient from "free radicals". In the context of the disclosure, a "free radical" is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is an electron donor.

[0283] In one embodiment, the antioxidant is selected from ascorbic acid, lycopene, tocopherol, melatonin, retinol, astaxanthin, lutein, apigenin, carnosine, selenium, zinc, cucurmin, and / or salts or derivatives thereof.

[0284] In one embodiment, the antioxidant is ascorbic acid and / or its salts or derivatives. In the context of this disclosure, the term "ascorbic acid" includes vitamin C and / or its salts or derivatives.

[0285] In one embodiment, the antioxidant inhibits oxidation of a composition comprising one or more compounds disclosed herein (e.g., psilocybin derivatives, cannabinoids, terpenes, and / or mixtures thereof), e.g., inhibits oxidation of phenolic groups attached to psilocybin derivatives.

[0286] As used herein, the term "oxidation" refers to a formal loss of electrons and / or an increase in formal oxidation state and / or the addition of an oxygen atom(s). "Reduction" refers to a formal gain of electrons and / or a decrease in formal oxidation state. Zumdahl, Steven S., et al. Chemistry, 7th. Cengage Learning, 2018.

[0287] In one embodiment, the antioxidant inhibits oxidation of a composition comprising one or more compounds disclosed herein (e.g., a psilocybin derivative or mixtures thereof).

[0288] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein include a pH buffering agent.

[0289] The term "pH buffering agent" as used herein refers to a compound or composition that is useful in maintaining the pH of a composition. In one embodiment, the pH buffering agent comprises a weak acid and a corresponding conjugate base. In one embodiment, the pH buffering agent comprises a weak base and a corresponding conjugate acid. In one embodiment, the pH buffering agent does not change the pH of the composition upon addition of a strong acid and / or a strong base.

[0290] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition around 7.

[0291] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition below 7.

[0292] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition at greater than 7.

[0293] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition between 2-6.

[0294] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition at 5-7.

[0295] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition at 6-8.

[0296] In one embodiment, the pH buffer maintains the pH of the composition at 7-10.

[0297] In one embodiment, the pH buffering agent comprises citric acid, acetic acid, monosodium phosphate, N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, and / or sodium hydroxide.

[0298] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein comprise administering a formulation comprising an acid.

[0299] As used herein, the term “acid” refers to an acid that is an + (a) refers to a molecule or ion capable of donating and / or accepting electrons. In one embodiment, "acid" refers to a Lewis acid. In one embodiment, "acid" refers to a Bronsted acid. In one embodiment, the acid is determined by the pH of the composition. In one embodiment, the presence of an acid is indicated by a pH less than 7.

[0300] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a formulation that includes a base.

[0301] As used herein, the term "base" refers to a base that is a proton (i.e., H + ) is capable of accepting an electron pair. In one embodiment, "base" refers to a molecule capable of donating an electron pair (i.e., a Lewis base). In one embodiment, the pH of the compound determines the presence of a base. In one embodiment, a pH greater than 7 indicates the presence of a base.

[0302] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein involve administering a water-soluble composition.

[0303] The term "water soluble" as used herein refers to a compound being soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure. In one example, 1 g of compound dissolves in 1 L of water. In one example, 2 g of compound dissolves in 1 L of water. In one example, 5 g of compound dissolves in 1 L of water. In one example, 10 g of compound dissolves in 1 L of water. In one embodiment, the solubility of a compound in water is an inherent property of the compound. In one embodiment, the solubility of a compound in water is promoted by another compound (e.g., an excipient).

[0304] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include a solvent.

[0305] The term "solvent" as used herein refers to a compound or composition that dissolves another (a solute), thereby creating a solution. In one embodiment, the solvent is water. In one embodiment, the solvent is an oil. In one embodiment, the solvent is an alcohol.

[0306] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first purified psilocybin derivative present as a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation and / or contained in a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation.

[0307] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid present as a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation and / or contained in a homogenous mixture in the first dosage formulation.

[0308] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene present as a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation and / or contained in a homogenous mixture in the first dosage formulation.

[0309] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene present as a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation and / or contained in a homogenous mixture in the first dosage formulation.

[0310] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include administering a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, a first purified terpene, and an excipient that are present as a homogenous mixture in a first dosage formulation and / or are contained in a homogenous mixture in the first dosage formulation.

[0311] The term "homogeneous mixture" as used herein refers to a solid, liquid, or gaseous composition in which two or more compounds are present in one state or thing (e.g., a clear, colorless solution). In one embodiment, the homogeneous mixture disclosed herein has the same ratio, concentration, and / or ratio of its components across different samples. In one embodiment, the components in a homogeneous mixture are in the same state of matter. In one embodiment, the homogeneous mixture includes one or more compounds in solution, for example, a first psilocybin derivative and a first cannabinoid in a clear solution. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein exist as homogeneous mixtures, for example, as a solution without particulates, a solution with equal concentration across samples, a powder with similar particle size, etc.

[0312] In one embodiment, the homogenous mixture is a solution comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative.

[0313] In one embodiment, the homogenous mixture is a solution comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid.

[0314] In one embodiment, the homogenous mixture is a solution comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene.

[0315] In one embodiment, the homogenous mixture is a solution comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene.

[0316] In one embodiment, a homogenous mixture has little or no deviation in chemical composition across different samples obtained from the compositions disclosed herein.

[0317] The phrase "little or no deviation" as used herein means that different samples derived from the same composition are internally consistent. For example, two different 1 g portions obtained from the same 100 g sample have "little or no deviation" when the two different 1 g portions share substantially the same chemical composition when characterized by chromatography and / or spectroscopy. In contrast, naturally occurring fungal fruiting bodies (also known as mushrooms) or plants often exhibit significant deviations in the chemical concentrations of certain compounds.

[0318] For example, concentrations of psilocybin and / or psilocin vary greatly among species of naturally occurring fungal fruiting bodies, e.g., from 0 to 15 mg of psilocybin and / or psilocin per gram of dry plant material. Stafford, Peter. Psychedelics Encyclopedia: Third Expanded Edition. Ronin Publishing, 1993. Similarly, extracts obtained from such highly variable samples are similarly variable.

[0319] Concentrations of psilocybin and / or psilocin vary greatly between species and even between specimens of a single species collected and / or grown from the same culture. Bigwood J, Beug MW (1982). "Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 5(3):287-91.

[0320] Furthermore, the concentrations of molecules in different samples may change at different rates due to degradation (such as oxidative and / or enzymatic degradation).

[0321] As an advancement over the state of the art, the methods disclosed herein include administering compositions with little or no deviation between aliquots obtained from a particular batch. In one embodiment, for a sample composition weighing 100 grams, the deviation in chemical concentration of each 1 gram portion is less than about 10% compared to currently available technology. In another embodiment, for a sample weighing 100 grams, the deviation in chemical concentration of each 1 gram portion is less than about 5% compared to currently available technology. In another embodiment, for a sample weighing 100 grams, the deviation in chemical concentration of each 1 gram portion is expected to be less than about 1% compared to currently available technology.

[0322] In one embodiment, the compositions and methods disclosed herein include a dephosphorylating agent.

[0323] The term "dephosphorylating agent" as used herein refers to a compound or composition capable of facilitating the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule that contains a phosphate group. In one embodiment, the dephosphorylating agent is kept physically separated (e.g., by a film, coating, or other barrier that prevents mixing) from the active ingredient (e.g., the purified psilocybin derivative in the composition). In one embodiment, the dephosphorylating agent removes the phosphate group from the psilocybin derivative, e.g., removes the phosphate group from psilocybin.

[0324] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein involve dephosphorylation of a psilocybin derivative.

[0325] The term "dephosphorylation" as used herein refers to removing a phosphate group from a molecule that has a phosphate group. In one embodiment, dephosphorylation of the first purified psilocybin derivative includes breaking a chemical bond via hydrolysis. In one embodiment, dephosphorylation of the first purified psilocybin derivative alters (e.g., increases) activity at one or more neurotransmitter receptors. In one embodiment, dephosphorylation of the first purified psilocybin derivative occurs in an organism. In one embodiment, dephosphorylation of the first purified psilocybin derivative occurs before administration of the composition.

[0326] Disclosed herein is a method of modulating activity at a neurotransmitter receptor, the method comprising: For those who need treatment, administering a neurotransmitter activity modulator; and administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative; wherein the first dosage formulation modulates activity at a neurotransmitter receptor.

[0327] As used herein, the term "modulating the activity of a neurotransmitter activity modulator" refers to altering, manipulating, and / or adjusting the ability of a compound or composition to affect a neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, modulating the activity of a neurotransmitter activity modulator comprises administering an agonist to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, modulating the activity of a neurotransmitter activity modulator comprises administering an antagonist to the neurotransmitter receptor.

[0328] The term "administration" as used herein (e.g., administration of a drug) refers to dosing, treating, providing, and / or giving. In one embodiment, administration of a neurotransmitter activity modulator includes providing a neurotransmitter activity modulator to an organism (e.g., a human) having a neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, administration of a neurotransmitter activity modulator includes providing a neurotransmitter activity modulator together with a purified psilocybin derivative, for example, providing a formulation including each of a neurotransmitter activity modulator and a purified psilocybin derivative in a single dose. In one embodiment, administration of a neurotransmitter activity modulator includes applying a transdermal composition, for example, applying a topical composition including each of a neurotransmitter activity modulator and a purified psilocybin derivative to the skin. In one embodiment, administration of a neurotransmitter activity modulator includes providing a transmucosal preparation, for example, providing a fast-dissolving tablet including each of a neurotransmitter activity modulator and a purified psilocybin derivative, including an absorption enhancer.

[0329] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include transmucosally administering a composition to cross the blood-brain barrier.

[0330] The term "administering transmucosally" as used herein refers to providing a compound by ingress through or across a mucosa, for example, oral administration of a composition. In one embodiment, administering transmucosally refers to delivering a drug (e.g., liquid composition, fast-dissolving tablet, patch, etc.) through the cavity between the cheek and gums. In one embodiment, administering transmucosally refers to delivering a drug (e.g., liquid composition, fast-dissolving tablet, patch, etc.) sublingually. In one embodiment, administering transmucosally refers to delivering a drug (e.g., sublingual or liquid preparation with permeation enhancer, tablet, food, etc.) via the upper gastrointestinal system.

[0331] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein comprise administering the composition transdermally.

[0332] The term "transdermally administering" as used herein refers to providing a compound by transfer into the blood or body through the dermis or skin of an organism. In one embodiment, transdermally administering includes applying a composition to the skin of an organism, such as applying a topical composition, applying a liquid composition, etc. In one embodiment, transdermally administering a composition includes applying a patch having the composition embedded therein to the skin of an organism.

[0333] The term "neurotransmitter activity modulator" as used herein refers to a compound or composition that reacts with or affects activity on a neurotransmitter receptor, such as, for example, a serotonergic drug, an adrenergic receptor, a dopamine receptor, a GABA receptor, a glutaminergic receptor, a histamine receptor, a cholinergic receptor, an opioid receptor, or a glycine receptor. In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator binds to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator indirectly affects the neurotransmitter receptor, for example, through an interaction that affects the responsiveness of other molecules to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator is an agonist. In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator is an antagonist. In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator acts (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of neurotransmitter receptors.

[0334] In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter activity modulator is selected from aripiprazole, buproprion, citalopram, clomipramine, dextroamphetamine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, paroxetine, quetiapine, reboxetine, risperidone, sertraline, and venlafaxine.

[0335] The term "first dosage formulation" as used herein refers to a compound(s) selected for the purpose of producing a reaction, action, and / or result in an organism, such as eliciting activity on a neurotransmitter receptor, reacting with other compounds, enhancing the action of other active ingredients, inhibiting the biosynthesis of a compound, etc. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a second purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a neurotransmitter activity modulator.

[0336] In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a second purified psilocybin derivative. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified cannabinoid. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a first purified cannabinoid, and a first purified terpene. In one embodiment, the second dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative and a neurotransmitter activity modulator.

[0337] In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises administering a second dosage formulation. In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises administering a third dosage formulation. In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises administering a fourth dosage formulation. In one embodiment, the method disclosed herein comprises administering five or more dosage formulations.

[0338] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering one or more active ingredients (e.g., psilocybin derivatives, cannabinoids, terpenes, neurotransmitter activity modulators, etc.) in a single dose (e.g., a single tablet, a single composition, a single formulation, etc.).

[0339] In one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein include administering one or more active ingredients (e.g., psilocybin derivatives, cannabinoids, terpenes, neurotransmitter activity modulators, etc.) in three or more doses (e.g., two or more tablets, two or more compositions, two or more formulations, etc.).

[0340] Disclosed herein is a method for treating a psychological problem, the method comprising: Identifying people who need treatment; and administering a first purified psilocybin derivative to a person in need of treatment; wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative modulates activity at a neurotransmitter receptor.

[0341] As used herein, the term "identifying a person in need of treatment" refers to analyzing, diagnosing, and / or determining whether a person is in need of a composition that modulates activity on a neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, identifying a person in need of treatment includes diagnosing a person with a medical condition (e.g., a neurological disorder, a chemical imbalance, a genetic condition, etc.). In one embodiment, identifying a person in need of treatment includes conducting a psychiatric evaluation. In one embodiment, identifying a person in need of treatment includes conducting a blood test. In one embodiment, identifying a person in need of treatment includes determining whether a person has obsessive-compulsive disorder. In one embodiment, identifying a person in need of treatment includes identifying a person as having obsessive-compulsive disorder.

[0342] The term "psychological disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual exhibits a pattern of behavioral and / or psychological symptoms that affect multiple areas of life and cause distress to the individual experiencing such symptoms. In one embodiment, the psychological disorder is caused by a genetic disorder. In one embodiment, the psychological disorder is caused by a biological condition (e.g., overproduction of a hormone, lack of activity on a neurotransmitter receptor, lack of production of a neurotransmitter, etc.). In one embodiment, the neurotransmitter receptor is a serotonin receptor.

[0343] In one embodiment, the psychological problem is an anxiety disorder. In one embodiment, the psychological problem is a depressive disorder. In one embodiment, the psychological problem is an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

[0344] The term "anxiety disorder" as used herein refers to a state in which anxiety, uncertainty, and / or fear arises from anticipating an event and / or situation. Anxiety disorder can disrupt a person's physical and psychological functions. Such disruption can cause a small hindrance to become a debilitating handicap in a person's daily life. Anxiety disorder can cause physiological symptoms (e.g., muscle tension, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, shortness of breath, etc.). Anxiety disorder can also cause psychological symptoms (e.g., fear of death, fear of embarrassment or humiliation, fear of the occurrence of an event, etc.).

[0345] In one embodiment, the anxiety disorder comprises acute stress disorder, anxiety due to a medical condition, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, substance-induced anxiety disorder, or selective mutism.

[0346] The term "acute stress disorder" as used herein refers to a condition that develops after experiencing one or more traumatic events. Examples of traumatic events include, but are not limited to, wartime experiences, rape or sexual assault, physical assault, robbery, childhood physical or sexual assault, kidnapping or hostage experiences, terrorist attacks, torture, natural disasters, and / or serious accidents. In one embodiment, acute stress disorder occurs within the day of experiencing the traumatic event. In one embodiment, acute stress disorder occurs within 3 days of experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, acute stress disorder occurs within 1 week of experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, acute stress disorder occurs within 1 month of experiencing the traumatic event.

[0347] As used herein, the term "anxiety due to another medical condition" refers to a condition in which anxiety symptoms develop due to the physiological and psychological consequences of an unrelated disease, injury, and / or illness (e.g., an endocrine disorder, a cardiovascular disorder, a respiratory disorder, a metabolic disorder, a neurological disease, etc.).

[0348] As used herein, the term "generalized anxiety disorder" refers to a condition that causes persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about a variety of areas (such as work, school, social settings, etc.) that are difficult for an individual to control. In addition, such individuals experience physical symptoms, including restlessness, arousal, and / or nervousness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating or stopping, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disorders.

[0349] As used herein, the term "panic disorder" refers to a condition in which an individual experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, is constantly worried about having additional panic attacks, and alters their behavior in maladaptive ways (e.g., avoiding exercise, unfamiliar places, strangers, etc.) as a result of these panic attacks.

[0350] As used herein, the term "panic attack" refers to a sudden surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that peaks within a short period of time (e.g., seconds, minutes, hours, etc.). In some cases, a panic attack includes physical and / or cognitive symptoms. Panic attacks can be predictable, such as occurring in response to a typically feared object or situation. In some cases, panic attacks occur for no apparent reason.

[0351] The term "phobia" as used herein refers to a state of fear, anxiety, or avoidance of a particular object and / or situation. In some cases, a phobia involves a fear, anxiety, or avoidance that is persistent and situationally induced to an extent that is disproportionate to the actual risk involved. Examples of phobias include, but are not limited to, fear or anxiety of animals, natural environments, injection injuries, and the like.

[0352] The term "post-traumatic stress disorder" as used herein refers to symptoms that develop after experiencing and / or witnessing a traumatic event, or after learning that a traumatic event has occurred to a loved one. In some cases, a person exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder within one week of experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, a person exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder within one month of experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, a person exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder within one year of experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, a person exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder more than one year after experiencing the traumatic event. In some cases, post-traumatic stress disorder involves a person reliving the traumatic event through intrusive and distressing recollections of the event, flashbacks, and / or nightmares. In some cases, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include emotional numbing and avoidance of places, people, and activities that remind one of the trauma. In some cases, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include increased arousal, such as difficulty sleeping and concentrating, feelings of anxiety, and irritability and anger.

[0353] As used herein, the term "separation anxiety disorder" refers to a condition in which an individual experiences fear and / or anxiety about separation from an attachment figure to a developmentally inappropriate degree. In some cases, separation anxiety disorder includes fear or anxiety about harm to the attachment figure. In some cases, separation anxiety disorder includes fear of events leading to loss of or separation from the attachment figure and aversion to being away from the attachment figure. In some cases, separation anxiety disorder includes psychological symptoms of nightmares and / or distress.

[0354] As used herein, the term "social anxiety disorder" refers to a condition in which an individual is fearful, anxious, or avoids social interactions and situations in which they may be subject to scrutiny. Such social interactions and situations include meeting strangers, situations in which the individual may be seen eating or drinking, performing in front of others, etc. In some cases, social anxiety disorder is caused by a fear of being negatively evaluated by others, by being embarrassed, by being humiliated, by being rejected, and / or by hurting others' feelings.

[0355] As used herein, the term "substance-induced anxiety disorder" refers to a condition in which anxiety is caused by substance intoxication and / or withdrawal, or anxiety in response to medical treatment. In some cases, the anxiety is exacerbated by withdrawal from the substance.

[0356] As used herein, the term "selective mutism" refers to a condition characterized by an individual's consistent failure to speak in social situations that are expected to speak (e.g., school, lectures, meetings, etc.) despite the individual's speech in other situations. The inability to speak significantly affects academic performance, performance in the work environment, and / or otherwise interferes with normal social communication.

[0357] In some cases, anxiety disorders include medical diagnoses based on criteria and classifications from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Medical Disorders, 5th Ed. In some cases, anxiety disorders include medical diagnoses based on an independent medical evaluation. In some cases, anxiety disorders include medical diagnoses based on self-assessment.

[0358] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein comprise administering an anti-anxiety medication.

[0359] The term "anxiolytic agent" as used herein refers to a compound or composition that reacts with or affects activity on neurotransmitter receptors, such as serotonergic drugs, adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, GABA receptors, glutaminergic receptors, histamine receptors, cholinergic receptors, opioid receptors, or glycine receptors. In one embodiment, the anxiolytic agent binds to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the anxiolytic agent indirectly affects the neurotransmitter receptor, for example, through an interaction that affects the responsiveness of other molecules to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the anxiolytic agent is an agonist. In one embodiment, the anxiolytic agent is an antagonist. In one embodiment, the anxiolytic agent acts (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of neurotransmitter receptors.

[0360] In one embodiment, the anti-anxiety agent is selected from alprazolam, an alpha blocker, an antihistamine, a barbiturate, a beta blocker, bromazepam, a carbamate, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, an opioid, oxazepam, temazepam, or triazolam.

[0361] The term "depressive disorder" as used herein refers to a state of low mood and aversion to activity, which may affect a person's thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and well-being over a period of time. In one embodiment, a depressive disorder disrupts a person's physical and psychological functioning. In one embodiment, a depressive disorder causes physiological symptoms (e.g., weight loss, aches or pains, headaches, muscle cramps, digestive problems, etc.). In one embodiment, a depressive disorder causes psychological symptoms (e.g., persistent sadness, anxiety, hopelessness and irritability, feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness, decreased interest and satisfaction in hobbies and activities, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering, or difficulty making decisions, etc.).

[0362] In one embodiment, the depressive disorder is selected from atypical depression, bipolar disorder, catatonic depression, depressive disorder due to a medical condition, major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or seasonal affective disorder.

[0363] The term "atypical depression" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual exhibits symptoms of mood reactivity (i.e., mood improvement in response to actual or potential positive events), significant weight gain, increased appetite, excessive sleepiness, heavy feeling in the arms or legs, and / or a persistent pattern of interpersonal rejection, which results in significant social or occupational impairment.Cases of atypical depression include, but are not limited to, daily sad or depressed mood, inability to find pleasure in things that were once pleasant, significant weight change (gain or loss) or appetite change, near-daily insomnia or hypersomnia, perceptible physical restlessness or fatigue, near-daily fatigue or reduced energy, near-daily feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or excessive guilt, near-daily problems with concentration or decision-making, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, suicide plans, or suicide attempts.

[0364] The term "bipolar disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual experiences abnormal changes in mood levels, energy levels, activity levels, and ability to perform daily tasks. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience periods of abnormally intense emotions, changes in sleep patterns and activity levels, and abnormal behavior. These characteristic periods are called "mood episodes." Mood episodes differ significantly from the person's typical moods and behaviors. Examples of excessive and overactive behavior include, but are not limited to, abnormally cheerful, nervous, or excited behavior; increased activity, energy, or excitement; exaggerated feelings of happiness and self-confidence; reduced sleep needs; abnormal talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, and poor decision-making (e.g., spending lavishly, taking sexual risks, or making unwise investments). Examples of depressive episodes (low mood) include, but are not limited to, depressed mood (such as feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, or tearfulness), significantly decreased interest in all or almost all activities or complete loss of satisfaction, significant weight loss, weight gain, or decreased or increased appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, restlessness or slowed behavior, fatigue or decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt, decreased ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness, and thoughts of suicide plans or attempts.

[0365] The term "catatonic depression" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual remains silent and immobile for extended periods of time.Cases of catatonic depression include, but are not limited to, feelings of sadness (which may occur on a daily basis), decreased interest in most activities, sudden weight gain or loss, appetite changes, difficulty falling asleep or getting out of bed, restlessness, irritability, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, difficulty thinking, difficulty making decisions, thoughts of suicide or death, and / or suicide attempts.

[0366] The term "depressive disorder due to a medical condition" as used herein refers to a state in which an individual experiences depressive symptoms caused by another disease. Examples of medical conditions known to cause depressive disorders include, but are not limited to, HIV / AIDS, diabetes, arthritis, stroke, brain disorders (such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease), metabolic conditions (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency), autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus and rheumatoid arthritis), viral or other infectious diseases (hepatitis, mononucleosis, herpes), back pain, and certain cancers (e.g., pancreatic cancer).

[0367] The term "Major Depressive Disorder" as used herein refers to a condition characterized by a period of depressed mood that is present across most circumstances. Major depressive disorder is often accompanied by low self-esteem, decreased interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain for which there is no clear cause. In some cases, major depressive disorder is characterized by a duration of two weeks. In some cases, individuals experience depression that lasts for years. In some cases, individuals experience depression where symptoms are almost always present. Major depressive disorder can negatively impact a person's personal work or school life as well as sleep, eating habits, and overall health. Between 2 and 7% of adults with major depressive disorder commit suicide, and up to 60% of those who commit suicide had major depressive disorder or another associated mood disorder. Dysthymia is a subtype of major depressive disorder that has the same cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with less severe but more prolonged symptoms. Symptoms of major depressive disorder include, but are not limited to, feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness, or hopelessness, anger, irritability or frustration (even over small things), decreased interest or satisfaction in most or all usual activities, sleep problems (including insomnia or hypersomnia), fatigue and lack of energy, loss of appetite, weight loss or weight gain, anxiety, agitation, or restlessness, slowed thinking, speech, or physical movements, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, preoccupation with past failures or self-blame, difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions, and remembering things, frequent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, or suicide, and unexplained physical problems (such as back pain or headaches).

[0368] As used herein, the term "postpartum depression" refers to symptoms that arise as a result of childbirth and hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to parenthood, and / or fatigue. Although postpartum depression is more often associated with women, men can also suffer from postpartum depression. Symptoms of postpartum depression include, but are not limited to, feelings of sadness, hopelessness, emptiness, or overwhelm; crying more frequently than usual or for no apparent reason; feeling excessively anxious or anxious; feeling cranky, irritable, or restless; oversleeping or being unable to sleep even when the baby is sleeping; having trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions; experiencing anger or rage; decreased interest in normally enjoyable activities; distress due to physical aches and pains (including frequent headaches, stomach upset, and muscle aches); eating too little or too much; withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family; having trouble nurturing or forming an emotional attachment to the baby; continuing to doubt oneself or one's parenting abilities; and thoughts of harming oneself or the baby.

[0369] The term "premenstrual dysphoric disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual exhibits mood lability, irritability, restlessness, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle and subside around the onset of menstruation or shortly thereafter.Cases of premenstrual dysphoric disorder include, but are not limited to, lability (e.g., mood swings), irritability or anger, depressed mood, anxiety and tension, decreased interest in normal activities, difficulty concentrating, lethargy and lack of energy, appetite changes (e.g., overeating or certain bulimia), excessive or insomnia, feelings of being overwhelmed or feeling out of control, physical symptoms (e.g., breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, "bloating" feeling, and weight gain), self-deprecating thoughts, tension or irritability, decreased interest in normal activities (e.g., work, school, friends, hobbies), subjective difficulty concentrating, and fatigue.

[0370] The term "seasonal affective disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual experiences mood changes depending on the time of year. In some cases, an individual experiences low mood, low energy, or other depressive symptoms during autumn and / or winter. In some cases, an individual experiences low mood, low energy, or other depressive symptoms during spring and / or summer. Symptoms of seasonal affective disorder include, but are not limited to, feeling depressed most or almost every day, having less interest in activities that one once found enjoyable, having less energy, having problems sleeping, experiencing changes in appetite or weight, feeling lethargic or irritable, having difficulty concentrating, feeling hopeless, worthless, or guilty, and frequently thinking about death or suicide.

[0371] In one embodiment, a depressive disorder comprises a medical diagnosis based on criteria and classification from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Medical Disorders, 5th Ed. In one embodiment, a depressive disorder comprises a medical diagnosis based on an independent medical evaluation.

[0372] In one embodiment, the methods and compositions disclosed herein comprise administering an antidepressant.

[0373] The term "antidepressant" as used herein refers to a compound or compounds that react with or affect activity on neurotransmitter receptors, such as serotonergic drugs, adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, GABA receptors, glutaminergic receptors, histamine receptors, cholinergic receptors, opioid receptors, or glycine receptors. In one embodiment, the antidepressant binds to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the antidepressant affects the neurotransmitter receptor indirectly, for example, through interactions that affect the responsiveness of other molecules to the neurotransmitter receptor. In one embodiment, the antidepressant is an agonist. In one embodiment, the antidepressant is an antagonist. In one embodiment, the antidepressant acts (directly or indirectly) on multiple types of neurotransmitter receptors.

[0374] In one embodiment, the antidepressant is selected from buproprion, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine.

[0375] Disclosed herein are methods for treating headaches and / or migraines, the methods including identifying a person in need of treatment and administering a composition disclosed herein to the person in need of treatment.

[0376] Disclosed herein is a method for treating nicotine addiction, the method comprising identifying a person in need of treatment and administering a composition disclosed herein to the person in need of treatment.

[0377] Disclosed herein is a method for treating drug addiction, the method comprising identifying a person in need of treatment and administering a composition disclosed herein to the person in need of treatment.

[0378] Disclosed herein is a method for treating alcohol addiction, the method comprising identifying a person in need of treatment and administering a composition disclosed herein to the person in need of treatment.

[0379] The compositions disclosed herein are useful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, various intractable psychiatric disorders, chronic depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug or alcohol dependence in humans. The compositions disclosed herein are also useful in conjunction with meditative, spiritual, and religious practices in a variety of contexts.

[0380] The term "obsessive-compulsive disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual has obsessions that cause feelings of anxiety, fear, worry, etc., and the individual has compulsions to perform tasks to reduce said anxiety. Obsessions are thoughts that recur and persist despite the individual's efforts to ignore or overcome them. In some cases, obsessions are relatively vague, involving a general sense of confusion or tension with the idea that life cannot continue as usual while the imbalance remains. In other cases, obsessions can be more intense, with intrusions related to thoughts or images of someone close to the individual dying, or the correctness of relationships. Other obsessions are concerned that someone or something other than the individual (such as God, the devil, or disease) may harm the individual, the people, or the things the individual cares about. In some cases, individuals perform compulsive rituals, which are caused by something that the individual feels the need to do for some reason. In some cases, individuals engage in compulsive rituals to reduce the anxiety that arises from a particular obsession, feeling that by performing these actions they will somehow prevent the highly frightening event from occurring or remove it from their thoughts.

[0381] In one embodiment, the obsessive-compulsive disorder is selected from an addiction, body dysmorphic disorder, skin picking disorder, hoarding disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trichotillomania.

[0382] The term "addiction" as used herein refers to a physical and / or psychological dependency on a substance, an activity, and / or any other habit. In one embodiment, the addiction is caused by a change in an individual's brain chemistry in response to a stimulus (e.g., a substance that releases large amounts of serotonin, an activity that releases large amounts of adrenaline, etc.). In one embodiment, the addiction is a dependency on a substance (e.g., drugs, alcohol, nicotine, food, etc.). In one embodiment, the addiction is a dependency on an activity (e.g., gambling, eating, shopping, etc.).

[0383] As used herein, the term "body dysmorphic disorder" refers to a condition characterized by an obsessive belief that some aspect of a person's appearance is severely deficient and that extraordinary measures must be taken to conceal or correct it. Symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder include, but are not limited to, being extremely preoccupied with perceived defects in appearance that may be imperceptible or minor to others, the belief that the flaws in appearance make the individual unsightly or ugly, the belief that others will negatively weigh in on the individual's appearance or ridicule the individual, engaging in behaviors that are difficult to resist or control to try to correct or hide the perceived defects (such as frequent mirror checking, grooming, or skin picking), attempting to hide the perceived defects with styling, makeup, or clothing, constantly comparing one's appearance with others, seeking constant reassurance from others about one's appearance, having perfectionist tendencies, frequent seeking but little satisfaction from cosmetic procedures, avoidance of social situations, and being so preoccupied with one's appearance that it causes significant distress or problems in the individual's social life, work, school, or other areas of functioning.

[0384] As used herein, the term "excoriation disorder" refers to a condition in which a person has a recurrent urge to pick at their own skin. In some cases, excoriation disorder often causes a person to pick at their own skin to the point where damage occurs.

[0385] The term "hoarding disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which a person has difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value. Symptoms of hoarding disorder include, but are not limited to, the inability to discard possessions, severe anxiety when attempting to discard objects, significant difficulty in sorting or arranging possessions, indecision about what to keep or where to put objects, distress (e.g., feeling overwhelmed or overwhelmed by possessions), suspicion that others have touched the objects, obsessive thoughts and behaviors, fear of running out of objects or needing objects in the future, checking the trash for accidental discarding, and functional impairment (e.g., reduced living space, social isolation, family or marital discord, financial difficulties, health problems, etc.).

[0386] The term "obsessive-compulsive disorder" as used herein refers to a condition in which an individual has uncontrollable recurrent thoughts and actions that the individual feels the urge to repeat over and over again. In some cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder manifests itself as an individual feeling the need to clean up to reduce the fear that germs, dirt, or chemicals will contaminate the individual, leading to the individual spending hours washing themselves or cleaning their surroundings. In some cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder manifests itself as an individual feeling the need to purge anxiety. An individual may say a name, phrase, or repeat an action several times. The individual knows that this repetition will not actually prevent the damage, but the fear of being harmed if they do not do so arises. In some cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder manifests itself as an individual feeling the need to reduce the fear of harm to themselves or others due to, for example, forgetting to lock a door or turning off an appliance, forgetting to make routine checks, etc. In some cases, OCD manifests itself by an individual feeling the need to organize and tidy their surroundings to reduce discomfort, for example, by putting things away in a certain order, or arranging household items in a certain or symmetrical manner. In some cases, OCD manifests itself by an individual feeling the need to respond to intrusive obsessive thoughts, for example, by praying or saying a phrase to reduce anxiety, or to prevent a very frightening future event. In some cases, OCD is caused by another medical condition. In some cases, OCD is caused by a substance.

[0387] The term "trichotillomania" as used herein refers to a condition in which the individual self-induced and recurrently loses hair, for example by pulling out their own hair. In some cases, trichotillomania involves an individual pulling out their own hair in one spot. In some cases, trichotillomania involves an individual pulling out their own hair in multiple spots. Cases of trichotillomania include, but are not limited to, noticeable hair loss as a result of repeatedly pulling out their own hair, increased tension just before or when resisting the act of pulling out hair, satisfaction, pleasure, or relief when pulling out hair, the disorder is not explained by another mental disorder or is not due to a general medical condition (i.e., a dermatological condition), repeated attempts to reduce or stop hair pulling, the disorder causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, distress (including feelings of loss of control, embarrassment, shame), and impairment due to avoidance of work, school, or other public situations.

[0388] In one embodiment, obsessive-compulsive disorder comprises a medical diagnosis based on the criteria and classification according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Medical Disorders, 5th Ed. In one embodiment, obsessive-compulsive disorder comprises a medical diagnosis based on an independent medical evaluation.

[0389] Disclosed herein are formulations that include a composition disclosed herein and at least one compound that does not act on serotonin receptors.

[0390] Although the disclosed invention has been described with reference to various exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications can be made to these exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0391] It will be understood that when reference is made to a particular compound, the disclosure also contemplates the salts and derivatives of that compound, as well as decomposition products, such as oxidized versions of the explicitly disclosed molecule.

[0392] Moreover, it will be understood that various characteristics and / or features of different embodiments herein can be combined with one another. Thus, it will be understood that numerous modifications can be made to the illustrated embodiments and other arrangements can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0393] Moreover, other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the scope and spirit being indicated by the claims.

[0394] Finally, it should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents, and vice versa, unless clearly and unambiguously limited to one referent. As used herein, the terms "include" or "comprising," and grammatical variations thereof, are intended to be open-ended, such that the listing of an item(s) does not exclude other similar items that may be substitutes for or in addition to the listed item(s).

Claims

1. a first purified psilocybin derivative selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine; a second purified psilocybin derivative selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], and 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine; A composition comprising:

2. 2. The composition of claim 1, comprising the first purified psilocybin derivative and the second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:

10.

3. 2. The composition of claim 1, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 100:1 to about 1:

100.

4. 2. The composition of claim 1, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 1,000:1 to about 1:1,000.

5. 2. The composition of claim 1, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said second purified psilocybin derivative in a molar ratio of about 10,000:1 to about 1:10,000.

6. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

7. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

8. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

9. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine.

10. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

11. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxytryptamine.

12. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]dihydrogen phosphate.

13. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

14. 2. The composition of claim 1 comprising a first purified cannabinoid.

15. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

16. 16. The composition of claim 15, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 100:1 to about 1:

100.

17. 17. The composition of claim 16, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 75:1 to about 1:

75.

18. 18. The composition of claim 17, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 50:1 to about 1:

50.

19. 20. The composition of claim 18, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 25:1 to about 1:

25.

20. 20. The composition of claim 19, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:

10.

21. 21. The composition of claim 20, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified cannabinoid in a molar ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:

5.

22. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative and the first purified cannabinoid are present as a homogenous mixture.

23. 2. The composition of claim 1 comprising a first purified terpene.

24. 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

25. 25. The composition of claim 24, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 100:1 to about 1:

100.

26. 26. The composition of claim 25, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 75:1 to about 1:

75.

27. 27. The composition of claim 26, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 50:1 to about 1:

50.

28. 28. The composition of claim 27, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 25:1 to about 1:

25.

29. 30. The composition of claim 28, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:

10.

30. 30. The composition of claim 29, comprising said first purified psilocybin derivative and said first purified terpene in a molar ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:

5.

31. 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative and the first purified terpene are present as a homogenous mixture.

32. 2. The composition of claim 1, comprising a first purified cannabinoid and a first purified terpene.

33. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

34. 34. The composition of claim 33, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

35. 35. The composition of claim 34, wherein the molar ratio of said first purified psilocybin derivative to said first purified cannabinoid is from about 100:1 to about 1:100, and the molar ratio of said first purified psilocybin derivative to said first purified terpene is from 100:1 to about 1:

100.

36. 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified cannabinoid is from about 75:1 to about 1:75, and the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified terpene is from about 75:1 to about 1:

75.

37. 37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified cannabinoid is from about 50:1 to about 1:50, and the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified terpene is from about 50:1 to about 1:

50.

38. 38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified cannabinoid is from 25:1 to about 1:25, and the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified terpene is from 25:1 to about 1:

25.

39. 39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified cannabinoid is from about 10:1 to about 1:10, and the molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the first purified terpene is from about 10:1 to about 1:

10.

40. 40. The composition of claim 39, wherein the molar ratio of said first purified psilocybin derivative to said first purified cannabinoid is from 5:1 to about 1:5, and the molar ratio of said first purified psilocybin derivative to said first purified terpene is from about 5:1 to about 1:

5.

41. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative, the first purified cannabinoid, and the first purified terpene are present as a homogenous mixture.

42. 15. The composition of claim 14, comprising a second purified cannabinoid.

43. 43. The composition of claim 42, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

44. 44. The composition of claim 43, wherein the second purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

45. 45. The composition of claim 44, comprising a molar ratio of the first purified psilocybin derivative to the sum of the first purified cannabinoid and the second purified cannabinoid of about 100:1 to about 1:

100.

46. 46. ​​The composition of claim 45, wherein the molar ratio is from about 75:1 to about 1:

75.

47. 47. The composition of claim 46, wherein the molar ratio is from about 50:1 to about 1:

50.

48. 48. The composition of claim 47, wherein the molar ratio is from about 25:1 to about 1:

25.

49. 49. The composition of claim 48, wherein the molar ratio is from about 10:1 to about 1:

10.

50. 50. The composition of claim 49, wherein the molar ratio is from about 5:1 to about 1:

5.

51. 43. The composition of claim 42, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative, the first purified cannabinoid, and the second purified cannabinoid are present as a homogenous mixture.

52. A composition comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative and a stabilizer.

53. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate 3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], or 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

54. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the stabilizer is an antioxidant.

55. 55. The composition of claim 54, wherein the antioxidant comprises a compound selected from ascorbic acid, lycopene, tocopherol, melatonin, retinol, astaxanthin, lutein, apigenin, carnosine, selenium, zinc, or cucurmin.

56. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the stabilizer is a pH buffering agent.

57. 57. The composition of claim 56, wherein the pH buffer comprises a compound selected from citric acid, acetic acid, monosodium phosphate, N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, or a salt thereof.

58. 53. The composition of claim 52, comprising a dephosphorylating agent.

59. 53. The composition of claim 52, comprising a first purified cannabinoid.

60. 60. The composition of claim 59, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

61. 61. The composition of claim 60 comprising a first purified terpene.

62. 62. The composition of claim 61, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

63. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the moisture content of the composition is 0 to 5% by weight.

64. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the composition is water soluble.

65. 53. The composition of claim 52, comprising an excipient.

66. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the excipient comprises a compound selected from Vitamin E TPGS, sodium lauryl sulfate, sucrose, alcohol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methionine, dimethylsulfoxide, tartrazine, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, fumed silica, talc, magnesium carbonate, or benzalkonium chloride.

67. 67. The composition of claim 66, wherein the excipient is Vitamin E TPGS.

68. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is a dry powder.

69. 53. The composition of claim 52, comprising a solvent and an excipient.

70. 70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the stabilizer is an antioxidant.

71. 71. The composition of claim 70, wherein the antioxidant comprises a compound selected from ascorbic acid, lycopene, tocopherol, melatonin, retinol, astaxanthin, lutein, apigenin, carnosine, selenium, zinc, or cucurmin.

72. 70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the stabilizer is a pH buffering agent.

73. 73. The composition of claim 72, wherein the pH buffer comprises a compound selected from citric acid, acetic acid, monosodium phosphate, N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sodium hydroxide.

74. 70. The composition of claim 69 comprising a first purified cannabinoid.

75. 75. The composition of claim 74, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

76. 70. The composition of claim 69, comprising a first purified terpene.

77. 77. The composition of claim 76, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

78. 70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the excipient comprises a compound selected from Vitamin E TPGS, sodium lauryl sulfate, sucrose, alcohol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methionine, dimethylsulfoxide, tartrazine, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, fumed silica, talc, magnesium carbonate, or benzalkonium chloride.

79. 79. The composition of claim 78, wherein the excipient is Vitamin E TPGS.

80. 70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the solvent is water.

81. 70. The composition of claim 69, comprising a dephosphorylating agent.

82. 1. A method for modulating activity at a neurotransmitter receptor, the method comprising administering to a person in need of treatment a neurotransmitter activity modulator and administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified psilocybin derivative, the first dosage formulation modulating activity at a neurotransmitter receptor.

83. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative is selected from dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(aminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], 4-hydroxytryptamine, dihydrogen phosphate [3-(2-trimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl], or 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.

84. 84. The method of claim 83, comprising dephosphorylating the first purified psilocybin derivative.

85. 83. The method of claim 82, comprising administering an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.

86. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the neurotransmitter receptor is selected from a serotonin receptor, a cannabinoid receptor, an adrenergic receptor, a dopamine receptor, a GABA receptor, a glutaminergic receptor, a histamine receptor, a cholinergic receptor, an opioid receptor, or a glycine receptor.

87. 87. The method of claim 86, wherein the neurotransmitter receptor is a serotonin receptor.

88. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the neurotransmitter activity modulator is a serotonergic drug.

89. The serotonergic drug may be alprazolam, amphetamine, aripiprazole, azapirone, barbiturate, bromazepam, bupropion, buspirone, cannabinoid, chlordiazepoxide, citalopram, clonazepam, clorazepate, dextromethorphan, diazepam, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, flurazepam, fluvoxamine, lorazepam, lysergic acid diethylamide, lysergamide (lys ergamide), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, naratriptan, paroxetine, pethidine, phenethylamine, psicaine, oxazepam, reboxetine, serenic, serotonin, sertraline, temazepam, tramadol, triazolam, tryptamine, venlafaxine, or vortioxetine.

90. 87. The method of claim 86, wherein the neurotransmitter receptor is an adrenergic receptor.

91. 91. The method of claim 90, wherein the neurotransmitter activity modulator is an adrenergic drug.

92. 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the adrenergic drug is selected from adrenaline, agmatine, amoxapine, aptazapine, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, doxepin, duloxetine, esmirtazapine, mianserin, mirabegron, mirtazapine, norepinephrine, phentolamine, phenylephrine, piperoxane, reserpine, ritodrine, setiptiline, tesofensine, timolol, trazodone, trimipramine, or xylazine.

93. 87. The method of claim 86, wherein the neurotransmitter receptor is a dopamine receptor.

94. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the neurotransmitter activity modulator is a dopamine drug.

95. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the dopamine drug is selected from amineptine, apomorphine, benzylpiperazine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dihydrexidine, domperidone, dopamine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, ketamine, loxapine, methamphetamine, olanzapine, pemoline, perphenazine, pergolide, phencyclidine, phenethylamines, phenmetrazine, pimozide, piribedil, psychostimulants, reserpine, risperidone, ropinirole, tetrabenazine, or thioridazine.

96. 83. The method of claim 82, comprising administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified cannabinoid.

97. 97. The method of claim 96, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

98. 97. The method of claim 96, comprising administering a first dosage formulation comprising a first purified terpene.

99. 99. The method of claim 98, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

100. 83. The method of claim 82, comprising administering an excipient.

101. 101. The method of claim 100, wherein the excipient comprises a compound selected from sodium lauryl sulfate, sucrose, alcohol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methionine, Vitamin E TPGS, dimethylsulfoxide, tartrazine, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, fumed silica, talc, magnesium carbonate, or benzalkonium chloride.

102. 1. A method for treating a psychological disorder, the method comprising identifying a person in need of treatment and administering a first purified psilocybin derivative to the person in need of treatment, wherein the first purified psilocybin derivative modulates activity at a neurotransmitter receptor.

103. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the neurotransmitter receptor is selected from a serotonin receptor, an adrenergic receptor, a dopamine receptor, a GABA receptor, a glutaminergic receptor, a histamine receptor, a cholinergic receptor, an opioid receptor, or a glycine receptor.

104. 103. The method of claim 102, comprising dephosphorylating the first purified psilocybin derivative.

105. 103. The method of claim 102, comprising administering an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.

106. 103. The method of claim 102, comprising administering a first purified cannabinoid.

107. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the first purified cannabinoid is selected from THC, THCA, THCV, THCVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, or CBGVA.

108. 108. The method of claim 107, comprising administering a first purified terpene.

109. 109. The method of claim 108, wherein the first purified terpene is selected from bornyl acetate, alpha-bisabolol, borneol, camphene, camphor, carene, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cymene, elemene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, farnesene, fenchol, geraniol, guaiacol, humulene, isoborneol, limonene, linalool, menthol, beta-myrcene, nerolidol, ocimene, phellandrene, phytol, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpineol, terpinolene, or valencene.

110. 103. The method of claim 102, comprising administering an excipient.

111. 103. The method of claim 102, comprising administering a second dosage formulation comprising the first purified psilocybin derivative.

112. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the first dosage formulation and the second dosage formulation are a homogenous mixture.

113. 113. The method of claim 112, wherein the homogenous mixture has little to no deviation of about 10%.

114. 114. The method of claim 113, wherein the homogenous mixture has little to no deviation of about 5%.

115. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a second purified psilocybin derivative, and a first purified cannabinoid in a single composition.

116. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the first dosage formulation comprises a first purified psilocybin derivative, a second purified psilocybin derivative, and a first purified cannabinoid in two or more compositions.

117. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the psychological disorder is an anxiety disorder.

118. 118. The method of claim 117, wherein the anxiety disorder is selected from acute stress disorder, anxiety due to a medical condition, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, substance-induced anxiety disorder, or selective mutism.

119. 118. The method of claim 117, comprising administering an anti-anxiety medication.

120. 120. The method of claim 119, wherein the anti-anxiety agent is selected from alprazolam, an alpha blocker, an antihistamine, a barbiturate, a beta blocker, bromazepam, a carbamate, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, an opioid, oxazepam, temazepam, or triazolam.

121. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the psychological disorder is a depressive disorder.

122. 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the depressive disorder is selected from atypical depression, bipolar disorder, catatonic depression, depressive disorder due to a medical condition, major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or seasonal affective disorder.

123. 122. The method of claim 121, comprising administering an antidepressant.

124. 124. The method of claim 123, wherein the antidepressant is selected from buproprion, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine.

125. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the psychological disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder.

126. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the obsessive-compulsive disorder is selected from an addiction, body dysmorphic disorder, skin picking disorder, hoarding disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trichotillomania.

127. 126. The method of claim 125, comprising administering a neurotransmitter activity modulator.

128. 128. The method of claim 127, wherein the neurotransmitter activity modulator is selected from aripiprazole, buproprion, citalopram, clomipramine, dextroamphetamine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, paroxetine, quetiapine, reboxetine, risperidone, sertraline, and venlafaxine.

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