Annelid repellent, method for preparing repellent, and method for repelling annelids

Abstract

To provide an annelid repellent which comprises nonionic food additives as components, exhibits high safety for humans and animals, and demonstrates excellent persistence as a result of poor water solubility.SOLUTION: Provided is an annelid repellent comprising, as an active ingredient, a composition including one or more "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters", which are obtained through a condensation reaction between a C2-C48 polyhydric alcohol and one or more C1-C24 fatty acids.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an annelid repellent, a method for preparing said repellent, and a method for repelling annelids. [Background technology]

[0002] Damage caused by leeches, a type of annelid, in mountain forests and rural areas due to blood-sucking attacks have been reported in 33 prefectures in 2020, and the habitat of leeches continues to expand (Non-Patent Document 1). Although there have been no reported cases of infection caused by blood-sucking attacks by leeches, the blood in the affected area after blood-sucking does not coagulate, and itching and bleeding may continue for more than an hour, causing mental distress. This will discourage tourists from returning to mountain climbing and camping, which will have an impact on the tourism industry. In addition, in forestry, workers who perform dangerous tasks such as cutting down trees and clearing underbrush may be distracted by the damage caused by leeches, which could lead to serious accidents, and may refuse to work during the leech season from April to October. This means that they cannot plant seedlings or cut down mature trees, causing major problems for reforestation projects. Furthermore, there are many cases of blood-sucking damage on farmland, which prevents agricultural workers from approaching rice paddies and fields, hindering maintenance, reducing their desire to cultivate the land and forcing them to abandon it.

[0003] Leeches make holes in the legs of wild animals such as Japanese deer and wild boar and suck their blood in a semi-parasitic state. Because they live in holes, they can take their time to suck blood without falling off, and they can travel long distances. Wild animals move to Satoyama in search of food and cause damage to crops by eating them, which has become a problem, but once the leeches that have parasitized wild animals have sucked enough blood, they detach themselves in the forests or Satoyama farmland. After sucking blood, the leeches lay eggs and reproduce, expanding their habitat.

[0004] Leeches prefer shady, damp places, so they live under fallen leaves or in the shade of stones. They also often hide in weeds so they can easily parasitize wild animals. Prefectures with a high incidence of blood-sucking damage have published leech control manuals for residents in leech habitats, tourists, hikers, and forestry workers, to educate them on how to prevent blood-sucking damage.

[0005] In many areas, methods of controlling leeches and reducing their population are being considered. As a physical method, in many prefectures where leeches live, it is recommended to remove weeds and dead grass, improve sunlight, and eliminate hiding places. As a chemical control method, it is recommended to use repellents that have a repellent effect on annelids such as leeches (Patent Documents 1 to 7, etc.), and to periodically spray leech extermination agents such as salt water, hydrated lime, lime nitrogen, wood vinegar, and bittern. In order to reduce the damage caused by blood-sucking on the human body, it is also recommended to spray insect repellent sprays containing the insecticide ingredient DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) or icaridin, or special sprays containing ingredients that leeches repel, on the skin, clothes, rain gear, boots, etc. to prevent leeches from attaching to them.

[0006] On the other hand, these chemical methods are effective for localized leech extermination and for preventing blood-sucking damage to humans, but when used to exterminate leeches over a wide area, the safety of the repellent ingredients for humans and animals as well as their impact on the environment must be considered. Furthermore, when using ingredients originally used as insecticides, such as DEET, as repellents, the impact on insects living in the area must be considered.

[0007] In addition, leeches parasitize wild animals such as Japanese deer and wild boars, and therefore hide on the undersides of leaves and branches of weeds and shrubs with a height of less than 1m. Although repellents containing strong acidic components are effective in repelling and eliminating leeches, it is not advisable to directly spray acidic aqueous solutions on afforestation trees and their seedlings, shrubs, and other useful plants. This is because many plants prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH of 5 or higher, and spraying a strong acidic substance or aqueous solution to make the soil strongly acidic with a pH of 4 or lower will disrupt the balance of nutrient absorption. For this reason, it is not advisable to spray large amounts of strong acidic substances (pH 2 or lower), specifically, strong acid aqueous solutions such as malic acid aqueous solutions (pH 2 in a 3% by mass aqueous solution) on soil. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-183720 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-173005 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 60-61509 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-196407 [Patent Document 5] JP 2007-223984 A [Patent Document 6] JP 2015-168683 A [Patent Document 7] JP 2019-14658 A [Non-patent literature]

[0009] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Research Group Activity Report" compiled by the Land Leach Research Group of the Environmental Culture Creation Research Institute (Homepage) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] An object of the present invention is to provide an annelid repellent which contains a nonionic food additive as an ingredient, is highly safe for humans and animals, and is sparingly soluble in water and therefore has excellent durability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The present inventors have investigated the above problems and have come up with the following findings.

[0012] [1] A polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, One or more fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, A composition containing one or more types of "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" obtained by a condensation reaction, said composition being an active ingredient in an annelid repellent.

[0013] [2] The hydrocarbon group of the polyhydric alcohol is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group; Linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkenyl groups, An annelid repellent which is a straight-chain, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkynyl group, or a group which combines two or more of these hydrocarbon groups via a single bond or an ether bond.

[0014] [3] An annelid repellent, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is glycerin, polyglycerin, polyoxyalkylene glycol or sugar alcohol.

[0015] [4] An annelid repellent, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid containing a linear or branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, or a hydroxyl group.

[0016] [5] An annelid repellent, wherein the fatty acid is acetic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid or ricinoleic acid.

[0017] [6] An annelid repellent, wherein the formulation of the annelid repellent is a liquid formulation, a solid formulation or an aerosol formulation.

[0018] [7] An annelid repellent, which is a liquid preparation consisting of an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion containing 0.5 to 80 mass % of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester.

[0019] [8] The annelid repellent is a solid preparation containing 0.5 to 30 mass% of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, and the particle size of the solid preparation is 0.2 mm or more and 10 mm or less in diameter.

[0020] [9] An annelid repellent, where the annelid is a land leech, a leech or a marsh worm.

[0021]

[10] A method for preparing the annelid repellent, comprising the steps of: A method for preparing a dispersion or suspension by diluting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, or a liquid or solid preparation containing the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, with water or an organic solvent on the day of use of the repellent or immediately before use.

[0022]

[11] A method for repelling annelids, comprising applying or spraying the annelid repellent to the skin, shoes, or clothes.

[0023]

[12] A method for using the repellent for annelids, which comprises spraying the repellent for annelids in habitats for annelids (roads, vacant lots, fields, grassy areas, tree trunks, banks, waterside areas, ridges or dwellings).

[0024]

[13] A method for repelling annelids, comprising using carbon dioxide or a heat source to attract annelids to a location where the annelid repellent is sprayed or applied. Effect of the Invention

[0025] The "annelid repellent" of the present invention is useful as a repellent that is safe for humans and animals, has long-lasting properties, and is used at neutral pH, which places a small burden on the soil environment. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a graph of Table 7 showing the results of Example 28 and Evaluation Example 6 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and can be embodied in various forms within the scope of the present invention.

[0028] The "annelid repellent" of the present invention (hereinafter, in this specification, may be simply referred to as "the repellent of the present invention") is "Polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" "One or more fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms" The composition contains one or more "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" obtained by a condensation reaction, and the composition serves as an active ingredient.

[0029] Specific examples of the "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" (more precisely, an "R-O-" group obtained by removing H from any "R-OH" (R is any alkyl group, etc.) of a polyhydric alcohol) included in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention include: "Straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group" "Linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkenyl groups", "a linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkynyl group" or These hydrocarbon groups are combined with two or more of these groups via a single bond or an ether bond (―O―). The number of carbon atoms in these groups is included in the "2 to 48 carbon atoms" in "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters": Specific examples of the "linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group" include: Straight-chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl groups; branched alkyl groups such as isopropyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, isooctyl, and 2-ethylhexyl; Examples of the cyclic alkyl groups (cycloalkyl groups) include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 2-methylcyclohexyl group, a 2-ethylcyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, and a cyclodecyl group; a 1-adamantyl group; and a 2-adamantyl group. Specific examples of the "linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkenyl group" include: Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl groups, 1-propenyl groups, allyl groups, 1-butenyl groups, 2-butenyl groups, 1-pentenyl groups, 1-hexenyl groups, isopropenyl groups, and isobutenyl groups, as well as linear or branched alkenyl groups in which multiple alkenyl groups are bonded together. Specific examples of the "linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkynyl group" include: Examples include an ethynyl group, a prop-2-yn-1-yl group, "R-C≡C-" (R is any group), and groups obtained by combining these in a linear, branched, or cyclic configuration.

[0030] Specific examples of the "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" included in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention include: Dihydric alcohols (or diols or glycols) containing linear or branched alkanediyl groups, such as ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), diethylene glycol, propylene glycol (propane-1,2-diol), 1,3-propanediol, 2-alkyl-1,3-propanediol (hereinafter, the group represented by "alkyl" in the present invention represents any linear or branched alkyl group having a specified number of carbon atoms or less), 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, alkyl-1,4-butanediol, dialkyl-1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, alkyl-1,5-pentanediol, dialkyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, alkyl-1,6-hexanediol, dialkyl-1,6-hexanediol, etc.; Polyethers (polyether polyols) such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTG), or polyether polyols having one or more linear or branched alkanediyl groups in the above dihydric alcohols; Trihydric alcohols such as glycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol), 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, 2,3,4-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,3,5-hexanetriol, 1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol, and 1,2,1,2,4-cyclooctanetriol; polyglycerins (polyglycerols) such as diglycerin, triglycerin, tetraglycerin, pentaglycerin, hexaglycerin, octaglycerin, and decaglycerin; Polyoxyalkylene glycols such as poly(oxyethylene) glycol and poly(oxypropylene) glycol; Examples of the sugar alcohols include erythritol, isomalt, xylitol, mannitol, threitol, sorbitol, arabitol, ribitol, lactitol, sucrose, perseitol, D-erythro-D-galacto-octitol, iditol, galactitol, volemitol, inositol, and quercitol; and various polyhydric alcohols and polyols such as δ-gluconolactone. These sugar alcohols may further have a cyclic structure that has been dehydrated, specifically, a dehydrated sugar alcohol structure in which sorbitol forms sorbitan. Similarly, the sugar alcohols may be cyclic sugars such as ribose, furanose, pyranose, glucose, deoxyribose, fructopyranose, and galactose. In addition, these "polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" may be contained in one or more, and when there are multiple, they may be the same or different from each other, and the number of carbon atoms is included in the above-mentioned "number of carbon atoms 2 to 48."

[0031] The "fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" in the present invention is specifically a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid containing a linear or branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, or a hydroxyl group. More specifically, Lower or short-chain fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid (propanoic acid), butyric acid (n-butanoic acid), and valeric acid (pentanoic acid); Medium-chain fatty acids such as caproic acid (hexanoic acid), enanthic acid (heptanoic acid), caprylic acid (octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid (hendecanoic acid), and lauric acid (dodecanoic acid); Long-chain or saturated fatty acids such as tridecanoic acid, myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecanoic acid (pentadecylic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), and lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid); Long-chain or unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid), sapienic acid, gadoleic acid, nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid), oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, pyrenonic acid, eleostearic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, adrenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (clupanodonic acid (sardine acid) or osbondoic acid), tetracosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and herring acid; Hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, quinic acid, citramalic acid, tartronic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, pantoic acid, mevalonic acid, and ricinelaic acid; and the like. Furthermore, these "fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms" may be contained in one or more units, and when there are multiple units, they may be the same or different from each other, and the number of carbon atoms is included in the above-mentioned "fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms."

[0032] The "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" and the "fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention may be substituted with a "substituent" at any atom. Specific examples of the "substituent" include -OH, -COOH, -COOM (M is an alkali metal such as Na or K), Straight-chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl groups; branched alkyl groups such as isopropyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, isooctyl, and 2-ethylhexyl; Linear alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, and octyloxy; branched alkoxy groups such as isopropoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, and isooctyloxy; cyclic alkoxy groups (cycloalkoxy groups) such as cyclopropoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptyloxy, and cyclooctyloxy; Examples include alkenyl groups such as vinyl, 1-propenyl, allyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, isopropenyl, and isobutenyl groups, and linear or branched alkenyl groups in which a plurality of these groups are bonded together. If the "substituent" contains a carbon atom, the carbon atom is counted in the above "2 to 48 carbon atoms" and "1 to 24 carbon atoms". Only one or more of these "substituents" may be contained, and if more than one is contained, they may be the same or different. These "substituents" may further have the above-mentioned substituents, and these substituents may be bonded to each other via a single bond, a methylene group, an oxygen atom (-O-), or a carbonyl group (-C(=O)-), or may form a ring. However, the number of "substituents" in the above "polyhydric alcohol" and "fatty acid" is up to 10 each.

[0033] The "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" in the present invention is preferably glycerin, polyglycerin, polyoxyalkylene glycol, sugar alcohol, or a combination of two or more of these, and more preferably glycerin or sugar alcohol. The "number of carbon atoms" of the "polyhydric alcohol" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is preferably 2 or more, 3 or more, 6 or more, 10 or more, 16 or more, 18 or more, 24 or more, 30 or more, or 46 or more, and is preferably 46 or less, 36 or less, 30 or less, 24 or less, 18 or less, 12 or less, 6 or less, or 3 or less.

[0034] The "fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention is preferably acetic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, or ricinoleic acid. The "number of carbon atoms" of the "fatty acid" contained in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is preferably 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 18 or more, 20 or more, 22 or more, or 24 or more, and 24 or less, 22 or less, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, or 8 or less. Furthermore, in the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", the "fatty acid" may be one or more kinds, and may be a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" having 1 to 5 "ester bonds" between each fatty acid and the polyhydric alcohol.

[0035] Specific examples of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" in the present invention include: Caprylic acid monoglyceride, Stearic acid monoglyceride (containing 50% acetylated stearic acid monoglyceride), Glyceryl diacetyl tartarate, Glyceryl Lactate Monostearate, Glyceryl Monooleate Citrate, Glyceryl Citrate Monostearate, Glyceryl Monooleate Succinate, Glyceryl monostearate succinate, Monocaprylic Triglyceride, Decaglyceryl Monolaurate, Glyceryl dicaprylate, Glyceryl mono and dicaprylate, Glyceryl monolaurate, Glyceryl monocaprate, Diglyceryl monocaprate, Glyceryl Monooleate, Hexaglyceryl ricinoleate (or condensed hexaglyceryl ricinoleate), Sorbitan caprylate, Sorbitan monooleate, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and other polyoxyalkylene-dehydrated sugar alcohol fatty acid esters; Sucrose fatty acid esters, etc. In addition, these "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" are non-ionic food additives and are also used as food emulsifiers. They are substances that are extremely safe for humans and animals, making them preferable for use as repellents for annelids.

[0036] In the present invention, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" includes Caprylic acid monoglyceride, Glyceryl Monooleate Succinate, Monocaprylic Triglyceride, Glyceryl mono and dicaprylate, Sorbitan monooleate, or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate is more preferred.

[0037] The "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" contained in the "annelid repellent" of the present invention may be a mixture containing one type or two or more types of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", and the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be a mixture of structural isomers. Therefore, the active ingredient of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is a composition containing one or more types of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester". The ratio of these may be any ratio for each component, and for example, in the case of two types, the mass ratio is preferably 5:95 to 50:50. Hereinafter, in this specification, a compound in which a "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 24 carbon atoms" and a "fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms", which are the active ingredients of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention, are ester-bonded, or a mixture of multiple compounds thereof, may be referred to simply as a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester".

[0038] The "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" used as the "annelid repellent" of the present invention can usually (under an air atmosphere at room temperature and normal pressure, in the natural outdoor environment) be in a liquid or solid (including powder) state, but in a simple form or in a highly purified state, it may be waxy with a certain range of viscosity. Specific examples of formulations in which the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention is actually used as an "annelid repellent" include liquid formulations, solid formulations, aerosol formulations, etc. Details of each formulation form are explained below.

[0039] The "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", which is the active ingredient of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention, can be dissolved in water, an organic solvent (solvent), or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent and used as a liquid. Therefore, the "annelid repellent" of the present invention includes a solution (solvent: organic solvent) containing the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", an aqueous solution, or a solution dissolved in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.

[0040] Specific examples of organic solvents used in the "annelid repellent" of the present invention include ethanol, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol (IPA)), propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves various components or disperses them uniformly, but when it is used in outdoor habitats of annelids (specifically, forests, roads (including forest roads, mountain paths, etc.), vacant lots, fields, grassy areas (including the undersides of plant leaves), banks, waterside areas (including ponds, swamps, and areas around puddles), ridges, or houses (exterior walls, etc.), hereinafter, when simply described as "habitats of annelids" in the present invention, it refers to places where annelids such as land leeches may live, but is not limited to these), or when it is sprayed on humans, livestock, or plants, the organic solvents recommended for use are preferably ethanol or glycols from a safety perspective, and more preferably ethanol. When the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is a single substance or has a high purity and has a high viscosity, these organic solvents may be mixed and dissolved to be used as auxiliary agents to reduce the viscosity and make it easier to handle. When the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" can be dissolved and used, it can be used as a liquid agent or water-soluble agent, like ordinary pesticides, etc.

[0041] When the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention is insoluble or poorly soluble in water, an organic solvent (solvent), or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be used as a liquid agent dispersed, emulsified, or mixed in a solvent. In this case, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" can be used in a state of being suspended, dispersed, or emulsified in water, similar to emulsions, liquid agents, etc. used in general pesticides, etc. In this case, highly safe organic solvents such as ethanol, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), and propylene glycol can be used, and these solvents can be used with an appropriate surfactant as an auxiliary agent for dispersion and emulsification.

[0042] <Polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester concentration in solution or dispersion> The concentration of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", which is the active ingredient contained in the "annelid repellent" of the present invention, is not particularly limited, but in the liquid containing the "annelid repellent", it is preferably 0.5 to 80 mass%, and a more preferred concentration is 20 mass% or less, even more preferably 15 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 10 mass% or less.

[0043] The preferred concentration of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" in the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is preferably selected within an appropriate concentration range for the following reasons. In areas where annelids such as leeches live, there are many weeds, and when conventional repellents are sprayed or sprinkled on the ground, the active ingredient is likely to run off due to night dew or high humidity, and when sprayed (sprayed) on clothing, it is also easily affected by human sweat. Furthermore, since the active ingredient can peel off due to friction, it is necessary for the repellent to be sufficiently fixed on the surface of the target to which it is sprayed or sprinkled under certain conditions and for a certain period of time, and the repellent effect must be sustained (durability of the repellent effect). The "annelid repellent" of the present invention does not require the addition of a substance (e.g., Patent Documents 5 and 7) intended to fix the active ingredient against annelids and prevent it from being washed away in water or physically peeled off, and in the "annelid repellent" containing one or more "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters", by simply preparing a liquid formulation with a suitable concentration range for the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", it is possible to reduce the washing away in water and physical peeling, and to impart long-term persistence without the need for other ingredients.

[0044] In order to ensure that the agent lasts for a long time on the surface of the target, it is preferable to adjust the concentration appropriately, but as another method, known water-insoluble adjuvants used in general liquid agents such as repellents may be added.Specific examples include, but are not limited to, viscosity modifiers such as xanthan gum, dextrin, gum arabic, 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-butanediol), propylene glycol alginate, ethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

[0045] Specific formulation forms (dosage forms) of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention are classified according to the state in which it is used (including storage or transportation) - liquid or solid (powder, etc.), i.e., liquid formulations and solid formulations, etc., specifically, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, oils, liquids, powders, granules, powder-granule formulations, aerosols, etc. In the present invention, liquid formulations may be simply referred to as liquids or test liquids. <Specific examples of liquid preparations> In the case of an emulsion, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be diluted in water and dissolved or dispersed. In the case of oils, examples include a state in which a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is diluted in an organic solvent such as ethanol, and also includes a state in which a highly viscous "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is mixed with an organic solvent before being diluted with water or the like to make it easier to handle. It also includes oily "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" dissolved or mixed in an oily liquid that is not miscible with water, and which are dispersed or diluted in water before use. In the case of a liquid formulation, the active ingredient "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be in a dissolved or dispersed state as it is or diluted in water or an organic solvent. The concentration of the active ingredient of the repellent of the present invention in the stock solution is not particularly limited, but can generally be adjusted in the range of 0.5% by mass to 80% by mass. When the "annelid repellent" is used as a liquid formulation, the active ingredient concentration is preferably 0.5% by mass to 30% by mass, more preferably 10% by mass or less. An organic solvent may or may not be added, and if added, it is preferably ethanol. When the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention is used as a liquid formulation, even if it is insoluble or poorly soluble in water, it is suspended and the dispersed state is maintained during use. In the dissolved state (such as an aqueous solution) or well-dispersed suspended state (such as an aqueous dispersion), the pH is preferably 4 or more, 5 or more, 8 or less, or 7 or less. Specifically, it is preferably neutral with a pH of 6 to 8 or weakly acidic with a pH of 4 to 6, and more preferably neutral. Furthermore, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention can be used by appropriately selecting a dissolving method or dispersing method, for example by adjusting the concentration ratio of water to solvent, so that the pH falls within the above-mentioned preferred range.

[0046] <Specific examples of solid preparations> As for the formulation form of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention, specific examples of solid formulations include dusts, granules, powder granules, fine granules, fine granules, hydrated agents, and hydrated granules, similar to the classification of conventional pesticides based on their formulation form.

[0047] When the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is in a solid state at room temperature, it may be formulated with any particle size as the above-mentioned solid preparation, but the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention is usually used in a liquid state or a viscous, fluid solid state. When using such a liquid "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester", the active ingredient is supported on a carrier such as clay mineral or zeolite and formed into a powder or granule form, such as a dust, granule, powder granule, fine granule, or fine granule. Each formulation is the same as that defined for the formulation of agricultural chemicals, etc., but the concentration of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" in the solid carrier is not limited, but can be adjusted to a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" concentration of 0.5 to 30 mass%, preferably 1 mass% or more, 2 mass% or more, 3 mass% or more, 5 mass% or more, 25 mass% or less, or 20 mass% or less. The particle size is preferably shaped into granules with a diameter of 0.2 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and more preferably 0.3 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 7 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 3 mm or less, or 2 mm or less.

[0048] Specific examples of solid carriers used in the preparation of powders, granules, powders, etc. include kaolinite, bentonite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, dry clay, wet clay, talc, zeolite, silica, silica sand, calcium carbonate, olivine sand, vermiculite, attapulgite, rosewood, acid clay, activated clay, fly ash, etc., but are not limited thereto, and natural clay minerals, etc. may also be used. These solid carriers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0049] In the case of wettable powders and wettable granules, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is adsorbed to the surface of particles with a particle size (0.05 mm or less) that is even finer than the carriers used in the above-mentioned powders, forming a suspended state in water or an aqueous solution. Alternatively, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may not dissolve in the solvent, but may be dispersed alone with a particle size of 0.05 mm or less to form a suspended state. Therefore, when the "annelid repellent" is used as a solid formulation, the active ingredient concentration is not particularly limited, and the shape and material of the solid carrier can be selected as desired. When wettable powders and wettable granules are actually used, they are generally dissolved and dispersed in water or a solvent and used like a liquid formulation.

[0050] The formulation form of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention may be a mixture of multiple different liquid or solid formulations, or one or more types of liquid and solid formulations may be mixed together. Also, when the "annelid repellent" is formulated, it may be prepared using a pre-mixed solvent or pre-mixed solid carrier. Furthermore, when the "annelid repellent" is formulated, other ingredients such as surfactants, dispersants, penetrating agents, spreading agents, thickeners, antifreeze agents, binders, anti-caking agents, anti-decomposition agents, preservatives, anti-settling agents, and antifoaming agents may be mixed as additives (auxiliaries) as necessary.

[0051] <Aerosol agent> The formulation form of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention may be an aerosol (or aerosol, aerosol) agent. An aerosol agent is prepared by mixing the active ingredient "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" with a solvent, and optionally with an adjuvant or solid carrier (powder), and stirring the mixture uniformly to prepare a liquid agent, which is then filled into a container equipped with a valve (spray nozzle, actuator, etc.) together with a propellant (liquefied gas or compressed gas) and sprayed (sprayed) for use. The liquid agent to be filled into the container is preferably the above-mentioned liquid formulation, or a liquid agent in the form of a suspension, dispersion, flowable, or the like, obtained by mixing a solid formulation with a liquid agent and diluting it.

[0052] When the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is used as an aerosol agent, the concentration of the active ingredient (polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester) is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the concentration is uniformly and efficiently applied to the target to be sprayed or scattered without wasting the active ingredient. For example, when sprayed as an aerosol agent, the concentration may be adjusted depending on the spray (spray) conditions (shape of the bottle, how the user uses it, spray (spray) time, etc.). In addition, although it differs depending on the shape of the target (the habitat of the annelid) and the persistence (duration, number of days) required on its surface, when the "annelid repellent" is used as an aerosol agent, the active ingredient concentration is usually preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 10% by mass.

[0053] In order to retain the active ingredient of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention on the surface of the sprayed object for a long time after spraying (spraying), the active ingredient may be added or mixed with the above-mentioned auxiliary (or adjuvant) for use, or the auxiliary alone may be sprinkled or sprayed before or after spraying the active ingredient. By using it in combination with an auxiliary in this way, the viscosity and wettability on the surface of the object are improved, and the active ingredient can be prevented from flowing off the object due to moisture, thereby maintaining a long-term repellent effect. Specific examples of the auxiliary (adjuvant) include known water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble thickeners, surfactants, oils and fats, and resins. (Moving from the bottom) Specific examples include polyglycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; acrylic resins such as sodium polyacrylate; vinyl chloride resins such as polyvinyl chloride; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl acetate; acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS resin), polyester resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, natural rubber, and the like. Furthermore, when the auxiliary agent is not used, the viscosity and wettability of the active ingredient of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention itself can improve the durability on the target object and efficiently exert the repellent effect.

[0054] When the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is used as an aerosol agent, the solvent may be any of those listed above as "organic solvents used in annelid repellents". There are no particular limitations on the solvent as long as it dissolves or uniformly disperses the repellent active ingredient and various auxiliary agents, but considering that it will be sprayed near the human body, water, ethanol or glycols are preferred from a safety standpoint.

[0055] <Manufacturing method of "Annelida repellent"> The method for producing the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is described below. The "annelid repellent" of the present invention comprises a "polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms" and The active ingredient is a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" composed of a "fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms." The "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be synthesized by a known method or the above-mentioned synthesis method, or a commercially available product may be used.

[0056] The constituent components of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention are as described above, that is, it can be produced by mixing, dispersing and diluting the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" and, if necessary, water, an organic solvent or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, as well as auxiliary agents such as resins and surfactants, into the desired composition, and then storing the mixture in a suitable container.

[0057] The mixing, dissolving, dispersing and diluting performed when preparing and manufacturing the "annelid repellent" of the present invention as a liquid formulation do not require any special equipment for stirring, etc., as long as a mixing method of mixing the mixture by hand is sufficient. In addition, depending on the viscosity of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" and the degree of solubility or dispersibility in the solvent, known equipment may be used as necessary. Specifically, the liquid formulation, solid carrier, or both of these can be used with known equipment suitable for each process such as grinding (wet or dry), classification, dispersion, kneading, stirring, granulation, emulsification, dissolution, etc. The conditions for the above mixing, etc. can be set to the rotation speed, temperature, etc. suitable for each process and device to manufacture (preparation).

[0058] The method of storing the "annelid repellent" of the present invention in a container may be a general method, and the container may be made of a material generally used for storing liquid agents, such as plastic or metal. The atmosphere inside the container may be air, or nitrogen, which is suitable for storage. However, when sealing and storing the liquid agent in a container (pressure-resistant container) together with liquefied gas (LPG, etc.) or compressed gas (nitrogen, etc.) in a spray can or the like for use as an aerosol agent by spraying, the method of storing, sealing, using, and disposing of the liquid agent in an aerosol can that is established and recommended based on laws and regulations (all relevant laws and regulations such as the High Pressure Gas Safety Act, Fire Service Act, and Container Recycling Act) shall be followed.

[0059] Specific methods of using the "annelid repellent" of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these. <How to use annelid repellent (how to repel annelids)> The effect of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention on annelids is that when the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" or an aqueous solution, water-organic solvent mixed solution, or dispersion thereof containing the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" comes into contact with and is adsorbed on the body surface of the annelids, it has some effect such as a chemical reaction (including contact with lipophilic groups such as alkyl groups, and hydrophilic groups such as carboxylic acid groups and hydroxyl groups), changes in surface physical properties (electrical properties such as pH, wettability, surface tension, and dielectric constant), an effect on the nervous system of the annelids due to physical contact, difficulty in breathing (skin breathing) on ​​the body surface (gills), difficulty in preying on or excreting due to adsorption of viscous substances, etc., and it is considered that even a small amount of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" adsorbed makes it difficult to remove it on one's own, and over time it becomes difficult to maintain life functions. Since leeches and the like that are able to remove the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" that has adhered to them by themselves will revive, it is preferable that the repellent of the present invention has an adhesive effect that lasts on the body surface. One possibility is that the three-dimensional molecular structure and size of the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" is closely related to the characteristic structure of the annelid's body surface. There are many unknowns about the details of the repellent effect.

[0060] <Annelida to be avoided> Specifically, the "annelids" in the "annelid repellent" of the present invention have a repellent effect on leeches such as land leeches, small leeches, and marsh leeches that suck the blood of humans and mammals; leeches that pseudoparasitize humans and animals; leeches that do not suck blood but are known as nuisances due to their distinctive appearance (color, soft body); leeches that prey on specific organisms; leeches that parasitize fish, reptiles, etc.; leeches that have poison or pathogens in their bodies; and mollusks such as land leeches that are not annelids and do not suck blood but are not annelids but do not suck blood. The "annelids" that are the target of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention are mainly sanitary pests such as land leeches, small leeches, and marsh leeches, with land leeches being particularly preferred. On the other hand, annelids such as earthworms and tubifex worms that live in agricultural land such as fields and rice paddies, edible annelids such as worms, polychaete annelids such as lugworms that are known as food for fish and birds or as environmental indicator organisms, and other harmless annelids are not desirable targets for repellent. In contrast to their unpleasant appearance, not all annelids are harmful to humans and livestock, and the detailed ecology of some annelids (especially leeches, etc.) such as their impact on the environment is unknown, so it is not desirable to use all leeches or annelids as targets for repellent, except for harmful species such as blood-sucking leeches.

[0061] <Direct spraying or spraying of liquid> When the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is used as the liquid preparation, the undiluted solution prepared at an appropriate active ingredient concentration as described above (here, "undiluted solution" simply means a liquid preparation containing "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" dissolved or dispersed in water or an organic solvent) is placed in a mechanical spraying device such as a general watering can, a washing bottle, a sprayer, a manual pressure-type sprayer, a pressure-type liquid sprayer, or a battery-powered liquid sprayer, and prepared for use as is, spraying, coating, or the like, by a method such as spraying, spraying, or application, either as is or after dilution. Usually, when moving to an area where leeches or the like live, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester is often transported in its light and space-saving form before dilution so as not to become a heavy load of luggage. Therefore, as a method for preparing the "annelid repellent" of the present invention, a method is preferred in which the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester or a liquid preparation or solid preparation containing the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester is diluted with water or an organic solvent on the day of use of the repellent or immediately before use to prepare a dispersion or suspension. As a specific example of the method, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" and a small amount or an organic solvent such as ethanol of the same mass as the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" may be dissolved or dispersed in advance, and then diluted with water immediately before use to prepare an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion, which may be used as a liquid formulation for spraying. Depending on the type of "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" to be dispersed, the dispersion may appear transparent and water or solution-like at first glance. To prevent the liquid formulation from being mistaken for drinking water or soft drinks before or during use, a small amount of edible natural coloring not used in normal drinks may be added, or additives, powders, etc. containing bitter components that are harmless to the human body may be mixed in. Before spraying, the pH of the prepared liquid formulation may be confirmed with pH test paper or litmus paper before spraying.

[0062] The liquid formulation of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention before use prepared by the above-mentioned method may be sprayed or sprinkled on annelid habitats (including vacant lots, fields, grassy areas (including the undersides of plant leaves), tree trunks, banks, waterside areas (including areas around ponds, swamps, and puddles), ridges, and dwellings (exterior walls, etc.)) such as roads and ground (forest roads, mountain paths, etc.) where humans work or walk, or it may be sprayed directly on annelids. As with commercially available repellents for annelids, the liquid formulation of the present invention can be applied, sprinkled, or sprayed on the skin, shoes (boots, etc.), and the surface of clothing to provide a repellent effect.

[0063] <Method of spraying liquid as an aerosol> When the liquid preparation of the "annelid repellent" of the present invention is used by spraying, the liquid preparation can be dissolved or dispersed in water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, and the liquid preparation can be put in the aerosol can produced by the above method and sprayed as an aerosol onto targets such as annelids. Also, in the same manner as in the method of using the liquid preparation, the liquid preparation can be applied or sprayed onto the skin, shoes or clothes, as well as the "habitat of the annelids".

[0064] <How to use (spray) solid preparations (granules, etc.)> Dusts, granules, powders, microgranules, fine granules, wettable powders, and wettable powders can be placed in engine- or battery-powered granule applicators and sprayed directly on the ground in areas where annelids live. Microgranules and fine granules can be placed on plant leaves, so they are also effective against annelids hiding on the undersides of plant leaves. When sprayed in solid form, the active ingredients are carried to the ground surface by rain or moisture in the air, where they come into contact with leeches and other annelids in the vicinity, providing a persistent repellent effect for a certain period of time.

[0065] The annelid repellent of the present invention, whether in the form of a liquid formulation or a solid formulation, has a sustained repellent effect and insecticidal effect, since the active ingredient is poorly soluble in water and therefore unlikely to be washed away by rainfall, even if it is washed away by moisture such as rain. In addition, solid formulations such as powders can be prepared as liquid formulations by dissolving or dispersing them in water or the above-mentioned solvent at the place of use immediately before use, and can be sprayed directly in the same manner as the liquid formulations, or can be sprayed using the above-mentioned mechanical spraying device, although it is necessary to take into consideration the prevention of clogging by the powder. A liquid formulation prepared by dissolving or dispersing a solid formulation can also be applied or sprayed to the skin, shoes or clothes, as well as the habitat of annelids, in the same manner as the above-mentioned liquid formulation.

[0066] Annelids such as leeches have the property of being attracted to the carbon dioxide emitted by humans or a heat source, and so a repelling method for attracting annelids may be used by placing a carbon dioxide diffuser such as dry ice or an appropriate heat source (compatible with fire prevention) such as an electric heater at the location where the annelid repellent of the present invention is to be sprayed or applied, or by applying vibrations or the like with the feet of a person or the like or blowing on the annelids.

[0067] Although specific examples of the use of the repellent for blood-sucking annelids such as leeches have been described above, the repellent method of the present invention is not limited to these. As mentioned above, the "annelid repellent" containing the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the present invention may also affect earthworms and other insect pests other than blood-sucking pests, so it is necessary to be careful when using it near rice paddies, fields, etc. In addition, since the minimum purpose is to repel leeches from humans and livestock, it is not preferable to spray or spray in a sufficient amount, number of times, or at a high concentration. In addition, it is preferable to avoid direct spraying on the human face, other animals, living organisms, etc. EXAMPLES

[0068] Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition, when preparing the repellent of the present invention, "parts" used in describing the ratio of raw materials of the composition represents "parts by mass" and may be abbreviated to "parts". In addition, the percentage (%) indicating the purity or concentration of each substance in the raw materials or composition represents "% by mass" and may be abbreviated to "%".

[0069] Table 1 shows the agents (emulsifiers) such as "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" used in the examples and comparative examples. In Table 1, the emulsifiers in Reagent Examples 1 to 23 were emulsifiers made of polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. (Reagent Examples 1 to 19), Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Reagent Examples 20 to 22), and Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Reagent Example 23). The malic acid in Reagent Example 24 was manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and the ricinoleic acid in Reagent Example 25 and the glycerin in Reagent Example 26 were manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. Table 1 also shows the number of carbon atoms in the polyhydric alcohol portion and the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid portion of these reagents. In the case of alcohols divided by oxygen atoms, etc., the polyhydric alcohol portion is expressed in the form of the sum of the number of carbon atoms (number + number). In the case of a plurality of fatty acids, the fatty acid portion is expressed in the form of the sum of the number of carbon atoms (number + number) of the fatty acids bonded to each polyhydric alcohol by an ester bond. When the polyhydric alcohol portion is composed of multiple molecules, one of them is represented by the number in parentheses. In Table 1, n is an integer.

[0070] [Table 1]

[0071] [Example 1] <Preparation of test solutions> The method for preparing a test liquid when the emulsifier raw material, Reagent Example 1 "Caprylic acid monoglyceride" (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), was selected as the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" component is as follows. 3 parts by mass of "caprylic acid monoglyceride" and 3 parts by mass of 98% ethanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) were mixed and dissolved in a 250 mL polypropylene resin container, and 94 parts by mass of purified water (manufactured by Kyoei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) were added and mixed / dispersed to prepare 100 mL of a 3% by mass concentration "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" test liquid (suspension). The pH was measured with pH test paper and was 6.

[0072] [Evaluation example 1] <Confirmation of lethal effect on annelids> Next, 3 mL of the test liquid (suspension) was placed in a petri dish with a diameter of 10 cm, and active leeches with a body length of 2 to 5 cm as annelids were pinched with tweezers one by one and immersed in the test liquid for 1 second. Immediately after immersion, they were transferred to a cylindrical polystyrene resin cup with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm with an air hole, the cup was covered, and the behavior of the leeches was observed. The results of the same test on five leeches are shown in Table 2. The observation of the condition of the leeches (test date June 7th) was performed by visually observing and touching with tweezers the condition of each leech immediately after application of the liquid, 1 minute, 1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, and 2 days later, and the behavior was evaluated on the following 4-point scale. ·Death: ++ ·Stop action: + ·Behavioral inhibition: ± No impact: -

[0073] [Table 2]

[0074] [Examples 2 to 23] <Preparation of test solutions> Except for using the emulsifiers of Reagent Examples 2 to 23 listed in Table 1 instead of caprylic acid monoglyceride of Reagent Example 1, which is the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" component of Example 1, a test liquid (including suspensions and liquids that become transparent in solution) of 3% by mass of "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" was prepared in the same manner as in the experiment of Example 1, and tests were conducted on five leeches for each test liquid in the same manner as in Evaluation Example 1 (Examples 16 to 23 show the results of a test on three leeches conducted on July 28th. No results were obtained after two days). The results are also shown in Table 2.

[0075] [Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3] <Preparation of test solutions> Tests were carried out on five land leeches for each test liquid at the same drug concentrations and in the same manner as in the experiment of Example 1, except that a strongly acidic aqueous solution (pH 2) of malic acid (Reagent Example 24), an aqueous solution of ricinoleic acid (Reagent Example 25) not belonging to the present invention, and an aqueous solution of glycerin (Reagent Example 26) were used as the drug components instead of the caprylic acid monoglyceride of Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 2.

[0076] As is clear from Table 2, the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" of the embodiment has the effect of causing leeches to stop behaving or die within 6 hours on the first day after treatment. Furthermore, based on the results of Table 2, the behavioral evaluation of the leeches shown in Evaluation Example 1 was scored as shown below, and the total scores for the five leeches are shown in Table 3. However, the behavioral evaluation of the three leeches in each of the embodiments 16 to 23 was multiplied by (5 / 3) to correct for comparison with the other embodiments. ++:3 points +:2 points ±:1 point -:0 points

[0077] [Table 3]

[0078] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that the test liquid of the Example has the effect of stopping the behavior of more than half of the leeches at least one or more treatment times after 1 minute, 1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, and 2 days after treatment. The results in Table 3 were further evaluated on a four-point scale from A to D as follows. The results of the Example, which showed superiority over the Comparative Example, are shown in Table 4. A four-level rating system based on the total score (A to D) A: 12-15 (almost all dead) B: 8-11 (more than half stopped taking action) C: 4-7 (some behavioral inhibition) D: 0-3 (almost no effect)

[0079] [Table 4]

[0080] From Table 4, the annelid repellent of the present invention was neutral and had the same repellent effect as the conventional strong acid repellent (Comparative Example 1) (Examples 1 and 12). In addition, it had the same or better repellent effect as the conventional repellent containing fatty acid (Comparative Example 2), and the persistence of the repellent effect after one day or more was observed (Examples 7 and 9). In Examples 19 and 22, there was almost no effect after 6 hours, but after one day, almost all of the leeches died or more than half stopped moving, and the delayed effect of the repellent was observed. The evaluation results are preferably A or B, and A is more preferable, but even if more than half of the leeches stop moving as in B, the surface of the clothes or shoes can prevent further progression to the skin, making it easier to prevent blood sucking by leeches and to brush them off.

[0081] [Example 24] <Preparation of test solutions> As the "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" component, 10 parts by mass of caprylic acid monoglyceride (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), the same as that used in Example 1, of Reagent Example 1, was dissolved in 90 parts by mass of a 70% by mass aqueous ethanol solution (ethanol manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., water manufactured by Kyoei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., purified water), and placed in a commercially available resin spray bottle (made of polyethylene, 500 mL) to prepare a test liquid. [Evaluation example 2] <Confirmation test of repellent effect against annelids> 5 mL of the test liquid of Example 24 was sprayed and attached to the upper half of one of the rubber boots (GETT cup sole spike boots) with a foot length of 30 cm, a diameter of the opening of the boot of 15 cm, and a height of 30 cm. The boots were then thoroughly wetted with the test liquid and dried. The boots were worn, the ground was vibrated with the foot in a place where leeches live, and five leeches were attracted by blowing on the ground. Three leeches climbed onto the boots not sprayed with the test liquid, and two climbed onto the boots sprayed with the test liquid. Three leeches climbed up to the knee on the boots not sprayed with the test liquid, whereas on the boots sprayed with the test liquid, neither of the two leeches climbed any further when they touched the part where the liquid was applied. The same experiment was performed on the following days, the third day, and the seventh day with the same boots, and the results were the same as on the first day, confirming that the repellent effect lasted for seven days.

[0082] [Example 25] <Preparation of test solutions> Using the agent of Reagent Example 1 (caprylic acid monoglyceride, manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), test liquids were prepared as aqueous suspensions with "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" component concentrations of 0.5% by mass and 1.0% by mass. [Evaluation example 3] <Confirmation of drug concentration that shows repellent effect> When the test liquid of Example 25 was directly sprayed on leeches, a behavioral suppression effect was confirmed at a repellent component concentration of 0.5% by mass, and the behavior of leeches was confirmed to stop at a repellent component concentration of 1.0% by mass.

[0083] [Example 26] <Preparation of test solutions> 300 g of caprylic acid monoglyceride (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.) of Reagent Example 1 was suspended in 4700 mL of purified water (the same as that used in Example 1) to prepare a 6% by mass test liquid. [Evaluation example 4] <Long-term durability test of repellent effect> The following test was carried out on a forest road in a broadleaf forest (Nagai, Yaita City, Tochigi Prefecture). On the forest road (broadleaf trees live at intervals of several to tens of meters. The road is almost entirely exposed soil. The road is 1 to 2 meters wide. There are patches of grass 10 to several tens of centimeters high at the edge of the road), three sections were set up: 3m wide x 4m long (section 1), 3m wide x 5m long (section 2), and 3m wide x 5m long (section 3). Standing in the center of each section, participants vibrated the ground with their feet and then blew on the ground to attract leeches for 5 minutes, and the number of leeches living there was counted. Similarly, a 3m wide x 5m long area was set up where the test liquid was not sprayed, and the leeches were attracted and the number of leeches present was counted. The test solution of Example 26 was applied to each section at 100 mL / m 2 On each observation date shown in Table 5, the number of leeches observed for 20 minutes to 1 hour was counted, and the long-term durability of the repellent effect of the repellent was observed for two weeks. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0084] [Table 5]

[0085] From Table 5, it can be seen that immediately after the spraying of the repellent of the present invention, the number of land leeches in each area decreased significantly, and the decrease in the number of land leeches continued even after 14 days had passed.

[0086] [Example 27] <Preparation of test granules (Granules A)> Using the raw materials listed below and the method listed below, test granules A were prepared with ``polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester'' component concentrations of 1 mass%, 3 mass%, 5 mass%, 10 mass%, and 20 mass% in the granules. Polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester: Caprylic acid monoglyceride (Reagent Example 1, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.) Shokozan clay (Kaolin stone, manufactured by Shokozan Mining Co., Ltd.) · Tenryu Bentonite (manufactured by Sekiben Mining Co., Ltd.) Purified water (Kyoei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)

[0087] The method for preparing 5% by mass test granules A is shown below. Test granules A of other concentrations were also prepared using the same method. 975 parts of the Shokozan clay and 450 parts of bentonite were mixed in a bench kneader for 30 minutes to obtain mixture 1 (powder). 75 parts of caprylic acid monoglyceride were suspended in 285 parts of purified water, then added to mixture 1 and kneaded for 60 minutes to obtain mixture 2. Mixture 2 was granulated and sized using a 0.7 mm screen in an extrusion granulator (Dalton Corporation, model: Dome Gran DGL-1). After air drying overnight, the mixture was placed in a dryer (SANYO, model: MOV-202F) and dried at 60°C for 5 hours, then sieved with a sieve with a pore size of 710 μm to 1400 μm and stored in a polyethylene bag.

[0088] [Evaluation Example 5] <Repellent effect confirmation test of repellent (granule A)> For leeches living on the same forest road and in thickets of weeds beside the forest road as in Evaluation Example 4, the following method was used to investigate whether leeches live in the area where the granules prepared by the method described above in Preparation of Test Granule A were sprayed, and whether leeches can enter from outside the area where the granules were sprayed. The forest road was about 2m to 3m wide, with soil dotted with dead grass, dead branches, gravel, pebbles, and weeds, and both sides were covered with weeds and had a slope of about 5 degrees. The test area was set up on soil adjacent to thickets of weeds. Test area: 1m x 1m square area Number of test areas: 10 Drug: 1% by weight, 3% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20% by weight Granules containing polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters ·Granule spray amount: 40g / m 2 Number of tests: 2 replicates The behavioral inhibitory effect of the leech was evaluated using the following four-point scale. ·Death: ++ ·Stop action: + ·Behavioral inhibition: ± No impact: -

[0089] Along the bush beside a forest road, disposable chopsticks were stuck into the four corners of a 1m x 1m square area to form one plot. The ground was vibrated with a foot from outside the plot for one minute to attract the leeches, and 40g of each test A granule was evenly spread over the plot. On the day of treatment, the repellent and lethal effects on leeches were observed. Then, 8 and 15 days after treatment, polystyrene resin cups (200 mL) were placed in the test area, about half filled with tap water, and 10 to 20 g of dry ice was dropped into the cups to generate carbon dioxide and attract leeches into the test area.

[0090] On the day that test A granules were applied over the entire soil surface, individual leeches that had the granules attached to their body surface were observed one hour after treatment, and deaths were confirmed for all concentrations of test granules. The leech repellent effect of the granules was not observed by attracting leeches into the test field 8 and 15 days after treatment. However, when the attracted leeches were dropped onto the soil surface and the behavior of the leeches whose body surface came into contact with the soil on which the test granules were sprayed was observed, after 8 days, the behavior suppression effect was observed with the 1% by mass granules, but these leeches escaped from the field. This suggests the possibility of contact repellency of leeches against the soil sprayed with the repellent, and indicates that the blood-sucking behavior of leeches was inhibited by contact with the repellent components. With the 3% by mass granules, the leeches stopped their behavior after their body surface came into contact with the soil, but did not die. With the 5% by mass or more granules, the leeches stopped their behavior after their body surface came into contact with the soil, contracted their bodies, and died. From this, it can be seen that the soil residual effect of the repellent effect of the test A granules in this example lasts for more than 8 days with the 5% by mass A granules. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0091] [Table 6]

[0092] [Example 28] <Preparation of test granules (granules B)> Using the raw materials listed below and in the method listed below, test granules B with "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester" component concentrations of 5% by mass and 10% by mass were prepared. Polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester: Glyceryl mono- or dicaprylate (Reagent Example 12, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.) Shokozan clay (Kaolin stone, manufactured by Shokozan Mining Co., Ltd.) · Tenryu Bentonite (manufactured by Sekiben Mining Co., Ltd.) Purified water (Kyoei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)

[0093] The method for preparing 5% by mass test B granules is shown below. Test B granules of other concentrations were also prepared using the same method. 975 parts of the Shokozan clay and 450 parts of bentonite were mixed in a bench kneader for 30 minutes to obtain mixture 1 (powder). 75 parts of glycerin mono- and dicaprylate were suspended in 285 parts of purified water, then added to mixture 1 and kneaded for 60 minutes to obtain mixture 2. Mixture 2 was granulated and sized using a 0.7 mm screen in an extrusion granulator (Dalton Co., Ltd., model: Dome Gran DGL-1). After air drying overnight, the mixture was placed in a dryer (SANYO, model: MOV-202F) and dried at 60°C for 5 hours, then sieved with a sieve with a pore size of 710 μm to 1400 μm and stored in a polyethylene bag.

[0094] [Evaluation Example 6] <Repellent effect confirmation test of repellent (granule B)> Granules prepared with glycerin mono- and dicaprylate were designated as Granule B and were used in tests against leeches that inhabit forest roads in broadleaf forests in Nagai, Yaita City, Tochigi Prefecture. The condition of the forest road is that broadleaf trees inhabit the forest at intervals of several meters to several tens of meters. Gravel, small stones, and soil are exposed on the ground, and moss has grown. The road is 4 to 5 meters wide. The edge of the forest road is on a slope of about 10 degrees, with grass such as bamboo grass 10 cm to several tens of cm high.

[0095] <Repellent effect durability test> The test was carried out in the following manner. On forest roads, the width is 4m and the length is 5m (20m 2Two people stood about 1m from the center of each area, vibrated the ground with their feet, then blew on the ground to attract leeches and counted the number of leeches they caught. After counting the number of leeches, they were released back into the areas.

[0096] Test B granules were applied in two sections at 20 g / m 2 The number of leeches (number of emergent individuals) (individuals) observed for 20 minutes to 1 hour on each observation date shown in Table 7 was counted, and the durability of the repellent effect was observed for 20 days. The results are shown in Table 7. The number of days that had passed immediately after spraying was set as day 0, and the number of leeches (number of emergent individuals) (individuals) in each treatment area versus the number of days that had passed is shown in the graph in Figure 1. Test area: 4m x 5m rectangular area Number of test areas: 3 Drug: 5% by mass B granules, 10% by mass B granules ·Granule spray amount: 20g / m 2 Number of tests: 1 repeat

[0097] Table 7 shows the number of leeches per square meter. 2 The number of leeches per area is also shown. As shown in Table 7, the number of leeches is affected by weather, temperature, humidity, and time of day.

[0098] [Table 7]

[0099] The survey was conducted from the time of spraying the test B agent to 20 days later. As shown in the results of Table 7, on all survey days after spraying 5% by mass and 10% by mass of B granules, the number of leeches at the time of spraying (= immediately after spraying) was lower than that of B agent. In addition, on all survey days after spraying 6 days later, the number of leeches after spraying B agent was lower than that of the untreated area. Since the incidence rate was lower than that of the untreated area even after 20 days, the long-term residual effect of the repellent of the present invention was confirmed. The behavior of the attracted leeches was such that they avoided the soil to which the agent was adsorbed and approached the observer while showing a behavior that seemed to select pebbles and twigs to which the agent was not attached. In the untreated area, the behavior of the leeches was clearly different from that of running toward the person, and their movement speed was slow because they were looking for a place to land their heads. [Industrial Applicability]

[0100] The annelid repellent of the present invention has an excellent repellent effect, particularly against annelids such as leeches, and is useful as a repellent that is safe for humans and animals, has excellent durability because it is poorly soluble in water, and has a small environmental impact on the soil because it is neutral. In addition, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester of the present invention may also have an excellent repellent effect against similar nuisance animals other than annelids such as leeches.

Claims

1. A polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 48 carbon atoms; One or more fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, A composition containing one or more types of "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters" obtained by a condensation reaction, said composition being an active ingredient of an annelid repellent.

2. the hydrocarbon group of the polyhydric alcohol is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group; Linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkenyl groups, 2. The annelid repellent according to claim 1, which is a straight-chain, branched or cyclic unsaturated alkynyl group, or a group in which two or more of these hydrocarbon groups are combined via a single bond or an ether bond.

3. 2. The annelid repellent of claim 1, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is glycerin, polyglycerin, polyoxyalkylene glycol or a sugar alcohol.

4. 2. The annelid repellent of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid containing a linear or branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, or a hydroxy group.

5. 2. The annelid repellent of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is acetic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid or ricinoleic acid.

6. The annelid repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the formulation of the annelid repellent is a liquid formulation, a solid formulation or an aerosol formulation.

7. The annelid repellent according to claim 6, which is a liquid formulation consisting of an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion containing 0.5 to 80% by mass of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester.

8. The annelid repellent according to claim 6, wherein the annelid repellent is a solid preparation containing 0.5 to 30% by mass of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, and the particle size of the solid preparation is 0.2 mm or more and 10 mm or less in diameter.

9. The annelid repellent according to claim 1, wherein the annelid is a leech, a small leech or a marsh worm.

10. 2. A method for preparing the annelid repellent of claim 1, comprising the steps of: A method for preparing a dispersion or suspension by diluting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, or a liquid or solid preparation containing the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, with water or an organic solvent on the day of use of the repellent or immediately before use.

11. A method for repelling annelids, which comprises applying or spraying the annelid repellent according to claim 1 onto the skin, shoes or clothes.

12. A method for repelling annelids, comprising spraying the annelid repellent according to claim 1 in habitats for annelids (roads, vacant lots, fields, grassy areas, tree trunks, banks, waterside areas, ridges or dwellings).

13. A method for repelling annelids, comprising the step of using carbon dioxide or a heat source to attract annelids to a location where the annelid repellent according to claim 1 is sprayed or applied.

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