Scope

Abstract

To provide a scope.SOLUTION: A scope (1) includes: a probe (2); at least one visualizer (3) including an optical configuration (7) and provided on the probe; and a light source (42). The scope (1) is for inspection or surgical treatment on an ear. The visualizer (3) can perform joint motion around a visualizer joint motion shaft (3a) by an orientation mechanism (4) for optimum observation of an ear.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1a

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Related Applications This application claims priority from European Patent Application No. 19187833, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] introduction The present invention relates to scopes, and more particularly to medical scopes such as otoscopes or endoscopes for examining and surgically treating the ear.

[0003] 2. Background of the Invention Various types of medical devices are employed to examine the ear and perform ear surgery. For example, endoscopes and otoscopes (collectively referred to hereinafter as scopes) are instruments that are placed against the eye to view and magnify an object. These instruments have evolved with the addition of cameras so that the object is viewed using a computer monitor or video display.

[0004] Recurrent acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic otitis media with effusion / suppurative effusion continue to affect the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. Hearing loss, inflammatory complications, and procedural complications are common challenges, and as a result, invasive ear surgery is frequently required for patients (children and adults) with these conditions. Because the ear is surrounded by dense bone, surgical access and visualization are essential for safe ear surgery.

[0005] Traditional ear surgery employs microscopic visualization in conjunction with a dynamic bimanual surgical technique. However, a major drawback of this approach is the limited view into the ear canal, which can result in poor visualization of disease in difficult-to-access areas of the middle ear, such as the tympanic sinus and facial nerve cavity.

[0006] To improve visibility, it is often necessary to perform a mastoidectomy to expose the middle ear and epitympanic area, however, the mastoidectomy procedure is associated with increased operative time, increased complications, longer hospital stays, and delayed recovery for the patient.

[0007] Furthermore, transcanal surgery is generally performed by looking through a speculum and a microscope using special instruments, resulting in a narrow field of view.

[0008] Furthermore, the large size of the microscopic instruments employed in ear surgery presents undesirable ergonomic issues - the size of the surgical microscope forces the surgeon into an elongated position, which can reduce the dexterity required of the surgeon during the surgical procedure.

[0009] Also, when using a traditional analog otoscope or endoscope, the human eye effectively becomes the image sensor, utilizing the magnification provided by the otoscope / endoscope optics. Thus, when the otoscope / endoscope is oriented or rotated within the ear canal, the observed image maintains its orientation relative to the user (independent of the otoscope / endoscope). However, with a video otoscope or endoscope, the image sensor is located on the scope. Thus, when the scope is oriented or rotated (presumably for patient comfort), the observed image is also oriented or rotated, potentially causing disorientation to the user.

[0010] Moreover, during use, tissue may frequently adhere to the scope, obscuring the image and requiring the scope to be removed from the subject's ear for cleaning at intervals during the surgical procedure, which can interrupt and prolong the surgical procedure.

[0011] Overall, surgeons face challenges visualizing and focusing the internal structures of the ear during surgery using known scopes without the ability to accurately focus and orient the scope for optimal viewing.

[0012] Moreover, these same problems arise in all types of surgeries in all areas of the body, and scopes can also be used to visualize the internal structures of the body in any part of the body, such as those found in surgeries and procedures such as laparoscopy, ureteroscopy, arthroscopy, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, neurological and spinal surgery, and gastrointestinal surgery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] One object of the present invention is to overcome at least some of the problems of the prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect, there is provided a scope for inspecting the inside of an ear, comprising a probe formed by an elongated probe body for insertion into an internal structure of the ear, and a camera including an image sensor located in a housing, the housing being rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body such that the camera is rotatable relative to the probe body.

[0015] The housing forms part of the camera such that rotation of the housing causes a corresponding rotation of the camera. Any reference in this application to rotation of the housing can be interpreted as causing a corresponding rotation of the camera.

[0016] An outer surface of the rotatable camera may form an outer exposed surface of the scope, the outer surface being exposed in use.

[0017] The image sensor may be configured to visualize through an exterior surface of the rotatable camera that forms the external exposed surface of the scope, the exterior surface where the image sensor may be configured to visualize through the exterior surface of the rotatable camera may be spaced from the probe body to maintain a clearance between the exterior surface and the probe body and to allow relative movement between the exterior surface and the probe body, the camera preferably being configured to rotate 360° about its axis of rotation.

[0018] At least a portion of the camera may be disposed distally beyond the distal end of the probe body.

[0019] The probe body may include one or more tabs extending distally from the distal end of the probe body for supporting the housing.

[0020] The one or more tabs may include a pair of tabs that may be opposed to one another about a central longitudinal axis of the probe body, and an axis of rotation about which the housing can rotate may extend between the tabs.

[0021] At least one distally opening notch can be defined between the pair of tabs. The at least one notch can form a cutout of the distal end of the probe body relative to the tabs. This can increase the field of view of the camera. In particular, the notch can be configured to allow the camera to have an unobstructed field of view with a viewing angle pointing toward a proximal component (e.g., toward the proximal end of the probe and greater than perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the probe).

[0022] A pair of notches may be defined on either side of the probe body between the pair of tabs, the notches being aligned with one another on an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0023] A portion of the camera may extend distally beyond the portion of the probe body formed by the notch or notches.

[0024] The one or more tabs may include a single tab configured to support the camera in a cantilever arrangement along the axis of rotation of the camera.

[0025] The housing may be rotatably coupled to the one or more tabs via one or more respective axle pins extending along a rotational axis of the housing, e.g., each tab having a corresponding axle pin.

[0026] Each of the one or more axial pins can originate from the camera and terminate in a receiver on the respective tab. Alternatively, each of the axial pins can originate from the respective tab and terminate in a receiver in the camera housing. The arrangement of pins and receivers can be reversed, so that each can be provided on the camera or on the probe.

[0027] Each axis pin may include an electrical contact electrically coupled to the image sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the image sensor.

[0028] The image sensor can be configured to generate image data, the generated image data being transmitted through at least one of the axle pins, and power and image data can be transmitted over the same one of the axle pins.

[0029] The probe can be configured to wirelessly transmit power to the camera. The probe can include one or more short-range wireless power transmitting components (e.g., one or more inductive coils) and the camera includes one or more corresponding short-range receiving components (e.g., one or more inductive coils) configured to transfer power between each other.

[0030] One of the one or more short-range power transmission / reception components can be located within at least one of the one or more axial pins, and at least one corresponding wireless power transmission / reception component is located within the respective receiving portion for the axial pin or pins, e.g., within the camera or the respective tab, to prevent potential contact of fluids with components that may carry power.

[0031] The short-range wireless power transmission / reception component is further configured to transmit data between the probe and the camera in addition to power.

[0032] The scope may further include a data cable coupled to the camera.

[0033] The image sensor may be configured to generate image data, which may be transmitted over the cable.

[0034] The probe body may include an internal channel.

[0035] The interior channel may define an open mouth at a distal end thereof for holding the camera, the housing being partially received within the open mouth.

[0036] The scope may further include one or more self-cleaning modules, at least one of which may include a cleaning element, with the camera rotatable relative to the cleaning element, thereby enabling the cleaning element to clean the exterior surface of the camera that is exposed during use.

[0037] The cleaning element may be located proximally relative to the camera. The cleaning element may have other suitable positions relative to the camera, including being located distally relative to the camera.

[0038] The cleaning element of the or each cleaning module can be fixed in position by attachment to the probe and is configured to engage the rotatable camera at any point along the circumference of the camera defined by the axis of rotation of the camera.

[0039] At least one of the self-cleaning modules may include a cleaning element that is movable relative to the probe, preferably a rotating element such as a brush, which is optionally rotated independently or in communication with a camera orientation mechanism.

[0040] The cleaning element may be disposed within the internal channel of the probe body.

[0041] The cleaning element may be laterally offset relative to the camera (eg, offset in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the probe body).

[0042] The cleaning element may be disposed between the pair of tabs.

[0043] The camera may comprise an optical arrangement including a lens, the image sensor being configured to generate image data from light received through the lens.

[0044] The optical configuration further includes a window forming part of the housing, the window aligned with the image sensor and the lens such that an optical path is defined between the image sensor and the window, the optical path extending through the lens.

[0045] A fluid-filled gap may be defined between an inner surface of the window and an outer surface of the lens. The fluid-filled gap may be an air-filled gap.

[0046] The optical arrangement may further include a focusing mechanism for focusing the lens. The focusing mechanism can provide relative motion between the lens and the image sensor.

[0047] The focusing mechanism may include a shape memory metal component configured to focus the lens.

[0048] The focusing mechanism is electromechanically operated and preferably comprises a micro-electromechanical system.

[0049] The focusing mechanism may include a focusing lens and may be configured to oscillate the focusing lens or the image sensor to effect relative motion between the focusing lens and the image sensor such that a distance between the focusing lens and the image sensor changes. The scope, or a data processing system coupled to the scope, may be configured to sample the resulting image data to generate a focused image. The image data may be sampled by selecting a frame corresponding to a desired focus along a range of motion of the lens.

[0050] The vibrable focusing lens / image sensor can be used to effect cleaning of an exterior surface of the camera (e.g. the lens or window). The focusing mechanism can be selectively mechanically coupled to the exterior surface of the camera by a switchable damper. The damper can optionally be switchable between a damped state in which vibrations of the focusing mechanism are damped, and a locked state in which vibrations of the focusing mechanism are transmitted to the exterior surface of the camera.

[0051] The focusing mechanism may be configured to oscillate the focusing lens / image sensor at approximately the same frequency as a resonant frequency of the external lens or window of the camera. The focusing mechanism may be configured to switch the frequency of oscillation of the focusing lens and / or image sensor between a first frequency different from the resonant frequency of the lens or window of the camera and a second frequency approximately the same as the resonant frequency of the external lens or window.

[0052] The vibration of the focusing lens / image sensor may be configured to generate a cleaning airflow across the lens or window of the camera. The camera may include one or more vents. The vents may be configured to provide an airflow generated by pressure changes within the camera resulting from the vibration of the focusing lens / image sensor. The vents may be located adjacent the lens or window forming the exterior surface of the camera. The vents may be formed by through holes extending through the lens or window forming the exterior surface of the camera.

[0053] The camera includes a plurality of movable cleaning members in the form of eyelashes extending from the exterior surface of the camera, for example from the exterior surface of the lens or window through which light is transmitted into the camera.

[0054] The eyelashes may be configured to move relative to the exterior surface of the camera to move debris over the surface of the camera to remove it from the field of view of the image sensor.

[0055] The probe may include a plurality of movable cleaning members disposed on a surface of the probe body adjacent to the camera. The movable cleaning members may be configured to move relative to the probe body to move debris over the surface of the probe body. The plurality of movable cleaning members may be in the form of eyelashes. The probe may further include a suction system configured to remove material collected by the eyelashes.

[0056] The probe body or camera may further include a cleaning fluid supply configured to provide a source of cleaning fluid to the moveable cleaning member.

[0057] The camera may include a communications module configured to transmit and / or receive image data generated by the image sensor.

[0058] The communication module may be configured to transmit and / or receive image data at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or higher. The camera may be configured to transmit raw image data from the image sensor wirelessly to the probe. The camera may include a processor and an RF unit in communication with an antenna. In this embodiment, the camera may not include image processing electronics, thereby minimizing electronics for the transmission of the image data from the probe to the camera. This allows the size of the camera to be minimized. In other embodiments, image processing may occur within the camera.

[0059] The communications module on the probe may include a video processing unit for processing the raw image data, which may be configured to compress the raw image data using algorithms that are preferably transmittable over long distances or interpreted by readily available software.

[0060] The camera communication module may be configured to wirelessly transmit or receive data to or from a communication module in the probe, the communication module being located less than 30 mm from the camera.

[0061] The camera wireless communications module may include an antenna system including an omni-directional antenna (eg, a monopole antenna), and the probe communications module may include an antenna system including a unidirectional antenna.

[0062] The camera wireless communications module may include an antenna system including a monopole antenna, and the probe communications module may include an antenna system including an omni-directional antenna (e.g., a monopole antenna).

[0063] The camera wireless communication module may include an antenna system including two or more directional antennas having different orientations, and the probe communication module may include an antenna system including a unidirectional antenna. The two or more unidirectional antennas provided in the camera may be selectively operated depending on the orientation of the camera relative to the probe. The two or more unidirectional antennas provided in the camera may be selectively operated depending on the orientation of the camera relative to the probe. The camera may be configured to use directional data sensed from within the camera to select a most advantageous (e.g., nearest) antenna for transmitting the data to the probe. The camera may be configured to turn off other antennas other than the most advantageous antenna.

[0064] The camera can be configured to transmit raw (i.e. unprocessed) image data from the camera to the probe via the wireless communications module, meaning that little or no image processing takes place in the camera, allowing the camera to be smaller.

[0065] The transmission distance between the antenna system of the probe and the antenna system of the camera may be less than 25 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 10 mm.

[0066] The scope may further include a light source integrated into the camera.

[0067] The light source may be moveable along with the image sensor relative to the probe body.

[0068] The probe may further include a light source for illuminating the field of view of the image sensor.

[0069] The scope may include an orientation mechanism configured to control rotational movement of the housing relative to the probe body.

[0070] The orientation mechanism may include a belt-based orientation mechanism. The belt-based orientation mechanism may include a drive belt coupled to a drive shaft disposed at a proximal end of the probe and a driven shaft acting on the housing.

[0071] The drive belt may be wrapped around the drive shaft and / or the driven shaft at least two times.

[0072] The drive shaft may be operatively coupled to a stepper motor for rotating the drive shaft.

[0073] The orientation mechanism can include at least one cable coupled to two attachment points on a distal side of the housing, the attachment points being on opposite sides of the housing's axis of rotation.

[0074] The orientation mechanism can include a first cable configured to effect rotation of the camera in a first direction and a second cable configured to effect rotation in a second direction about the axis of rotation, and the first and second cables can be connected to or within the camera (such that the first and second cables extend from a point on the exterior surface of the camera) and extend in opposite directions around the housing of the camera about the axis of rotation of the camera.

[0075] The at least one cable or the first and second cables may enter the camera at the same point on a circumference of the camera defined by the axis of rotation, preferably in different planes relative to each other (e.g. perpendicular to the axis of rotation).

[0076] The cable or cables may be configured to provide rotation of greater than 175 degrees in either direction about the axis of rotation of the camera from a central position in which the image sensor points distally along the longitudinal axis of the probe.

[0077] The first cable can extend around a first side of the camera, and the second cable can extend around a second side of the camera, the first cable extending from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the second side of the camera, and the second cable extending from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the first side of the camera.

[0078] The first and second cables can extend from the same point on the camera (i.e., the same point around the circumference of the camera relative to the axis of rotation), and the first and second cables can extend from the distal side of the camera (e.g., the first and second cables can extend from a distal-most point of the camera / housing when the camera is in a non-rotated, or zero degree, position with the image sensor pointing in the distal direction along the longitudinal axis of the probe body).

[0079] The first cable may extend from a point on the camera on a first side relative to the axis of rotation and extend around the camera around an opposite second side of the camera, and the second cable may extend from a point on the second side and extend around the first side in an opposite direction, allowing 360 degree rotation of the camera about the axis of rotation.

[0080] The at least one cable or cables (first and second cables) in the description above may be electrically connected to the image sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the image sensor.

[0081] The at least one cable or cables (first and second cables) in the description above can be connected to the image sensor for transmitting image data generated by the image sensor. They can carry both power and data.

[0082] This can enable the orientation mechanism to provide both operation of the camera and data / power transmission without the need for other connections / wireless communications.

[0083] The camera may have a uniform profile about its axis of rotation. The camera may be substantially circular in cross section through its axis of rotation, which may in other embodiments be cylindrical. The camera may be generally spherical. The camera may have a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 6.5 mm. The camera may have a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 3.5 mm.

[0084] The probe may be configured to wirelessly transmit power to the visualizer. The probe may include one or more inductive coils and the camera may include one or more inductive coils configured to transfer power between each other. The inductive coils may be configured to transfer energy by inductive coupling. The one or more inductive coils on the probe may be located within the tab supporting the camera. The one or more inductive coils on the camera may be located within the axial pin of the camera.

[0085] The scope may further include a specula for insertion into a patient's ear, the probe body being moveable relative to the specula.

[0086] According to a second aspect, there is provided a method of examining an internal structure of a patient's ear, comprising the steps of: inserting a probe into the internal structure of the ear, the probe being formed by an elongated probe body supporting a camera including an image sensor disposed in a housing, the housing being rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body such that the camera is rotatable relative to the probe body; and rotating the housing relative to the probe body to cause rotational movement of the image sensor relative to the internal structure of the ear; A method is provided in which rotating the housing includes rotating the housing at least 90 degrees relative to the probe body while viewing the internal structure of the ear throughout the rotational movement.

[0087] An outer surface of the rotatable camera may form an outer exposed surface of the scope, which is exposed during use.

[0088] The method can include rotating the camera from a first position in which the image sensor faces distally to a second position in which the image sensor faces proximally.

[0089] The method may further include rotating the camera (and housing) back to the first position.

[0090] Rotating the camera from the first position to the second position and back to the first position may include rotating the camera (and housing) 360 degrees.

[0091] Rotating the camera may include rotating the camera from a central position in which the image sensor points distally along the longitudinal axis of the probe through a range of greater than 175 degrees in either direction about the camera's axis of rotation.

[0092] The step of rotating the camera may include rotating the camera using an orientation mechanism including a first cable configured to effect rotation of the camera in a first direction and a second cable configured to effect rotation in a second direction about the axis of rotation, preferably the first and second cables are connected to or within the camera and extend in opposite directions around the housing of the camera about the axis of rotation of the camera.

[0093] The first cable can extend around a first side of the camera, and the second cable can extend around a second side of the camera, the first cable extending from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the second side of the camera, and the second cable extending from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the first side of the camera.

[0094] The method may include cleaning an exterior surface of the camera.

[0095] Cleaning the exterior surface of the camera may include rotating the camera (and housing) relative to a cleaning element.

[0096] Rotating the camera (and housing) relative to the cleaning element may include wiping an exterior surface of the camera with the cleaning element.

[0097] The camera may include a lens aligned with the light sensor, and the method includes focusing the lens.

[0098] Rotating the camera may include rotating the housing relative to the probe body by at least 120 degrees.

[0099] According to a third aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning a scope for inspecting the inside of an ear, the scope including an image sensor disposed in a rotatable housing, the scope further including a cleaning element, the method comprising the steps of rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element and cleaning an exterior surface of the housing with the cleaning element.

[0100] Cleaning the exterior surface of the housing may include wiping the housing with the cleaning element by rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element.

[0101] Rotating the housing can include rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the optical sensor faces proximally.

[0102] The method may further include returning the housing to the first position.

[0103] Rotating the housing may include pivoting the housing 360 degrees about an axis of rotation of the housing that transverses a central longitudinal axis of the probe body.

[0104] Rotating the housing may include rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the image sensor faces generally perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the probe body.

[0105] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a camera for inspecting an internal structure of a patient's ear, the camera including a rod for insertion into the internal structure of the ear and an optical sensor located within a housing, the housing being rotatably coupled to a distal end of the rod, with at least a portion of the housing being disposed distally beyond the distal end of the rod.

[0106] The rod may include a pair of tabs extending distally from the distal end of the rod for supporting the housing.

[0107] The tabs may be opposed to one another about a central longitudinal axis of the rod, with an axis of rotation extending between the tabs about which the housing may rotate.

[0108] At least one distally extending notch may be defined between the pair of support tabs.

[0109] A pair of notches may be defined on either side of the rod between the pair of tabs, the notches being aligned with one another on an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0110] A portion of the housing may extend distally beyond the distal end of the tab.

[0111] The housing may be rotatably coupled to the tab via a pin that extends along an axis of rotation of the housing.

[0112] Each pin may include an electrical contact electrically coupled to the light sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the light sensor.

[0113] The optical sensor may be configured to generate image data, the generated image data being transmitted via at least one of the pins.

[0114] The camera may further include a data cable coupled to the housing.

[0115] The optical sensor may be configured to generate image data, the generated image data being transmitted over the cable.

[0116] The rod may include an inner lumen.

[0117] The housing may be partially received within the inner lumen.

[0118] The camera may further include a cleaning element, the housing being rotatable relative to the cleaning element.

[0119] The cleaning element may be disposed proximally of the housing.

[0120] The cleaning element may be disposed within the inner lumen of the rod.

[0121] The cleaning element may be laterally offset relative to the housing.

[0122] The cleaning element may be disposed between the pair of tabs.

[0123] The housing may include a lens, the light sensor being configured to generate image data from light received through the lens.

[0124] The housing may further include a window aligned with the light sensor and the lens such that an optical path is defined between the light sensor and the window extending through the lens.

[0125] An air gap may be defined between an inner surface of the window and an outer surface of the lens.

[0126] The housing may include a focusing mechanism for focusing the lens.

[0127] The focusing mechanism may include a shape memory metal component configured to focus the lens.

[0128] The focusing mechanism may include a micro-electro-mechanical system.

[0129] The housing may include a communications module configured to transmit and / or receive image data generated by the optical sensor.

[0130] The communication module may be configured to transmit and / or receive image data at frequencies above 2.4 GHz.

[0131] The housing may further include a light source for illuminating a field of view of the optical sensor.

[0132] The light source may be moveable along with the light sensor relative to the rod.

[0133] The rod may further include a light source for illuminating the field of view of the optical sensor.

[0134] The camera may include an orientation mechanism configured to control the rotational movement of the housing relative to the rod.

[0135] The orientation mechanism may include a drive belt coupled to a drive shaft disposed at a proximal end of the rod and a driven shaft acting on the housing.

[0136] The drive belt may wrap around the drive shaft and the driven shaft at least two times.

[0137] The drive shaft may be operatively coupled to a stepper motor for rotating the drive shaft.

[0138] The orientation mechanism can include at least one cable coupled to two attachment points on a distal side of the housing, the attachment points being on opposite sides of the housing's axis of rotation.

[0139] The at least one cable may be electrically connected to the light sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the light sensor.

[0140] The at least one cable may be connected to the light sensor for transmitting image data generated by the light sensor.

[0141] The housing may be substantially circular in cross section passing through the axis of rotation.

[0142] The housing may be generally spherical.

[0143] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a scope including a camera according to the fourth aspect or any of the above descriptions.

[0144] The scope may further include a specula for insertion into a patient's ear, the rod being moveable relative to the specula.

[0145] According to another aspect, there is provided a method of inspecting an internal structure of a patient's ear comprising the steps of inserting a rod into the internal structure of the ear, the rod supporting an optical sensor disposed in a rotatable housing, and rotating the housing relative to the rod to cause rotational movement of the optical sensor relative to the internal structure of the ear, the rotating housing comprising rotating the housing relative to the rod at least 90° while viewing the internal structure of the ear throughout the rotational movement.

[0146] The method can include rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the optical sensor faces proximally.

[0147] The method may further include rotating the housing back to the first position.

[0148] Rotating the housing from the first position to the second position and back to the first position may include rotating the housing 360 degrees.

[0149] The method may include cleaning an exterior surface of the housing.

[0150] Cleaning the exterior surface of the housing may include rotating the housing relative to a cleaning element.

[0151] Rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element may include wiping an exterior surface of the housing with the cleaning element.

[0152] The housing can include a lens aligned with the light sensor, and the method includes focusing the lens.

[0153] Rotating the housing may include rotating the housing relative to the rod at least 120 degrees.

[0154] According to a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning a camera for inspecting an internal structure of a patient's ear, the camera including an optical sensor disposed in a rotatable housing, the camera further including a cleaning element, the method comprising the steps of rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element and cleaning an exterior surface of the housing using the cleaning element.

[0155] Cleaning the exterior surface of the housing may include wiping the housing with the cleaning element by rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element.

[0156] Rotating the housing can include rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the optical sensor faces proximally.

[0157] The method may further include returning the housing to the first position.

[0158] Rotating the housing may include pivoting the housing 360 degrees about an axis of rotation of the housing that transverses a central longitudinal axis of the rod.

[0159] Rotating the housing can include rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the optical sensor faces generally perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the rod.

[0160] Any of the features of the fourth to seventh aspects described above may be applied to the first to third aspects.

[0161] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of a body, comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe having an optical configuration; a light source; A scope is provided in which the visualizer is articulatable relative to the probe by an orientation mechanism for optimal viewing of the body part.

[0162] In one embodiment, the body part is a difficult to access part of the body, such as the inside of the ear, nose, throat, or another body orifice.

[0163] In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism is configured to tilt or rotate the visualizer relative to the probe.

[0164] In one embodiment, the visualizer is articulatable about a visualizer articulation axis by an orientation mechanism for optimal viewing of the ear.

[0165] Preferably, the visualizer is rotatable about the visualizer articulation axis, more preferably, the visualizer has a uniform contour about the visualizer articulation axis.

[0166] Most preferably, the visualizer is substantially spherical. In one embodiment, the probe includes a socket configured to receive the substantially spherical visualizer for rotation of the visualizer about multiple axes. In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a roller in contact with the substantially spherical visualizer, such that rotation of the roller causes rotation of the substantially spherical visualizer. In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a first roller in contact with the substantially spherical visualizer and configured to rotate about a first axis of rotation, and a second roller in contact with the substantially spherical visualizer and configured to rotate about a second axis of rotation, optionally the first and second axes of rotation being orthogonal to each other.

[0167] Preferably, the visualizer comprises an image sensor or a camera.

[0168] In one embodiment, the probe comprises a hinge.

[0169] Preferably, the orientation mechanism is a belt or band driven orientation mechanism, or a fluid (i.e., pneumatic or hydraulic) orientation mechanism. In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a wheel or cog operably coupled to the visualizer. In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a magnetic force generator configured to act on the visualizer. In one embodiment, the scope is configured to manually actuate the orientation mechanism. In one embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a motor configured to drive articulation of the visualizer.

[0170] In a preferred embodiment, the scope further comprises a self-cleaning module for cleaning debris from the visualizer. Preferably, the self-cleaning module comprises a cleaning blade and / or a soft cleaning material. In one embodiment, the visualizer is configured to move relative to the self-cleaning module to clean the visualizer. In one embodiment, the self-cleaning module comprises a sheath configured to move from a non-deployed position to a deployed position in which the sheath covers the lens of the visualizer while wiping the lens. In this embodiment, the visualizer may be configured to move to a cleaning position when the sheath is deployed, e.g., retracted into the sheath and / or tilted to one side.

[0171] Preferably, the optical arrangement includes lens elements configured to allow variable focusing and refocusing.

[0172] Preferably, the lens element comprises an internal lens within the visualiser.

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, the lens element comprises an external curved lens on the visualiser.

[0174] The invention also extends to a scope further comprising a stabiliser for supporting said scope. Preferably, said stabiliser comprises a specula.

[0175] In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the scope comprises an endoscope or an otoscope.

[0176] In another embodiment, the present invention is a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose, or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe; an optical arrangement including an image sensor; a light source; The scope is one in which the optical arrangement is stacked within the probe to conserve space and reduce the profile of the probe.Preferably, the image sensor comprises an image sensor board.

[0177] Preferably, the optical arrangement includes first and second stacked fixed image sensors. Preferably, the optical arrangement includes corresponding first and second lens elements which direct light to the image sensors. Advantageously, the optical arrangement includes a slidably adjustable front lens.

[0178] In one embodiment, the optical arrangement includes an aspheric lens to bypass the first fixed image sensor. Preferably, the aspheric lens includes a crescent profile lens.

[0179] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe having an optical configuration; a light source; The scope relates to a visualiser that is articulatable about a visualiser articulation axis by an orientation mechanism for optimal viewing of the ear, the articulatable visualiser being a tiltable camera.

[0180] Preferably, the orientation mechanism includes a directional lever.

[0181] Alternatively, the orientation mechanism includes a directional wheel and the probe is slidable to adjust the depth of the probe. In yet another embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a slider alone or in combination with the directional wheel and / or directional lever.

[0182] Preferably, the scope further comprises a stabiliser for supporting the tiltable visualiser in or on said stabiliser, said stabiliser being integral with said tiltable visualiser and configured to stabilise the scope in the ear canal, more preferably the probe is mountable on said stabiliser at a probe mount.

[0183] Preferably, the stabiliser comprises a specular holder. In a preferred embodiment, the stabiliser comprises a removable or integrated specular, advantageously through which light from the light source can be transmitted.

[0184] In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose, or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe; The optical configuration; a light source; The optical arrangement relates to a scope including an angled prism adjacent to the visualizer to aid in natural visualization. Preferably, the visualizer includes a camera.

[0185] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe having an optical configuration; a light source; The present invention relates to a scope, wherein the visualizer is articulatable about a visualizer articulation axis by an orientation mechanism for optimal viewing of the body part, the articulatable visualizer being a tiltable camera, the orientation mechanism comprising a living hinge on the probe. Preferably, the living hinge comprises an external living hinge. Alternatively, the living hinge comprises an internal living hinge. Suitably, the living hinge comprises a double living hinge. Advantageously, the double living hinge comprises a spring-activated double living hinge.

[0186] Optionally, the optical arrangement includes an angled prism to aid in natural visualization.

[0187] In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose, or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe; The optical configuration; a light source; The optical arrangement includes an adjustable lens element to focus the image. Preferably, the optical arrangement includes a combination of adjustable lens and sensor elements, a fixed front element, and an adjustable sensor, rod lens, adjustable front lens, and angled front lens.

[0188] In another embodiment, the present invention is a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose, or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe; The optical configuration; a light source; The optical arrangement relates to a scope that includes mechanically coupled lens elements.

[0189] The present invention relates to a scope for examining or surgically treating a part of the body (e.g., a difficult to access part of the body, such as the ear, nose or throat), comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe; The optical configuration; a light source; The scope also relates to a scope, wherein the optical arrangement is a stepped focus optical arrangement. Preferably, the stepped focus optical arrangement comprises a solenoid and spring operated stepped focus optical arrangement. Alternatively, the stepped focus optical arrangement comprises a ratchet mechanism or a friction controlled mechanism.

[0190] The articulatable visualizer, and especially the rotatable visualizer, is particularly advantageous in minimally invasive surgery since the eye camera can be pointed in different directions, including straight ahead (0°) and rotated to different angles. In ear surgery, this allows the surgeon to see around the corners of the ear canal or into the epitympanum / attic in the middle ear.

[0191] The self-cleaning module of the scope of the present invention removes blood and other debris that may accumulate on the front lens so that the scope or probe does not need to be removed during surgery for cleaning, thus avoiding interruptions or delays during surgery.

[0192] The optical configuration of the scope of the present invention is configured to allow variable focusing and refocusing as needed, for example, when the front lens is positioned above a surgical site to observe instrument operation, and at other times when the front lens is brought closer to observe tissue structures.

[0193] The scope of the present invention, and in particular the probe and the articulatable visualizer in the form of an eye camera, can be easily disassembled for cleaning and reuse.

[0194] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that features described in relation to any of the above aspects may also be applied to any of the other aspects, unless they are mutually exclusive. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0195] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: [Figure 1(a)] FIG. 1(a) is a perspective view from below and to one side of a first embodiment of a scope of the present invention consisting of a probe and a uniform, articulatable visualizer on said probe in the form of a rotatable camera eye operable by a visualizer orienting mechanism. [Figure 1(b)] FIG. 1(b) is an enlarged perspective view from below and to one side of the eyeball of FIG. 1(a). [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view from below of the scope of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a side view of the scope equipped with a belt-driven visualizer orientation mechanism, with arrows indicating the direction of rotation of the belt and eye. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a side view of the scope fitted with a hydraulic visualizer orientation mechanism, with arrows indicating the direction of rotation of the eye and hydraulic oil. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a side view of the scope equipped with a centrifugal or Pelton wheel fluid visualizer orientation mechanism, with arrows indicating the direction of rotation of the eye and fluid. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the eye visualizer self-cleaning module of FIG. 1 with the direction of eye rotation indicated by the arrow. [Figure 7(a)] FIG. 7(a) is a perspective view from above and to one side of the scope, with three internal channels within the probe consisting of front and rear eye rotation channels and data / cleaning channels, and two external power channels for transmitting power to the eye. [Figure 7(b)]FIG. 7(b) is a side view of the scope of FIG. 7(a). [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a side view of the scope of FIGS. 1 to 7(b) where the probe is hinged to further aid in visualization of the ear. [Figure 9a] FIG. 9a is an exploded view of the eye. [Figure 9b] FIG. 9b shows a schematic diagram of the camera and communication module provided within the probe. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a side view of another embodiment of the scope of the present invention with an image sensor moved from the eye to the probe and the eye rotated to a 0° position. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a side view of the scope of FIG. 11 with the image sensor rotated to a 45° position. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a side view of the scope of FIG. 10 with the image sensor rotated to a 120° position. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a side view of another embodiment of the present invention similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12, but with the alternative lens configuration rotated to a 0° position. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a side view of the scope of FIG. 13 with the image sensor rotated to a 45° position. [Figure 15a] FIG. 15a is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 14 in which the image sensors are stacked to save space and reduce the profile of the probe. [Figure 15b] FIG. 15b is a schematic diagram of the focusing mechanism provided within the camera. [Figure 15c] FIG. 15c is another schematic diagram of the focusing mechanism provided with vents. [Figure 15d] FIG. 15d is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the vent of FIG. 15c. [Figure 15e] FIG. 15e is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the scope having a moveable cleaning member disposed on the camera. [Figure 15f] FIG. 15f is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the scope having a moveable cleaning member on the probe. [Figure 15g] FIG. 15g is a cross section through the eye camera of one embodiment. [Figure 15h] FIG. 15h is another cross-section through the eye camera shown in FIG. 15g. [Figure 15i] FIG. 15i is a cutaway view of the view shown in FIG. 15h. [Figure 15j] FIG. 15j is a side view of the distal end of the scope showing the eye camera. [Figure 15k] FIG. 15k shows schematic diagrams of various embodiments of the orientation mechanism provided for rotating the eye camera. [Figure 15l] FIG. 15l shows a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the self-cleaning module. [Figure 15m] FIG. 15m is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the scope having a wireless power transfer system. [Figure 16(a)] FIG. 16(a) is a side view of a further embodiment of the scope in which the articulatable visualizer is a tiltable camera controllable by a directional lever and the scope is provided with a stabilizer in the form of a specular. [Figure 16(b)] FIG. 16(b) is a side view of the endoscope of FIG. 16(a) in which the directional lever is replaced by a directional twist knob. [Figure 17(a)] FIG. 17(a) is a side view of a further embodiment of the scope similar to that of FIGS. 16(a) and 16(b), but the probe is curved to accommodate the specular and provide free access space for the surgeon, the camera orientation is controllable via a directional wheel, and the probe is slidable to adjust the depth of the probe. [Figure 17(b)] FIG. 17(b) is a side view of the endoscope of FIG. 17(a) in which the orientation of the camera is adjustable via a slider. [Figure 18(a)]Figures 18(a)-18(b) are side views of a further embodiment similar to that of Figures 16-17, but in which the probe is also slidable relative to the specular. [Figure 18(b)] Figures 18(a)-18(b) are side views of a further embodiment similar to that of Figures 16-17, but in which the probe is also slidable relative to the specular. [Figure 18(c)] 18(a) to 18(c) show side views of one embodiment of the present invention similar to that of FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention in which the visualizer orientation mechanism is an external spring-operated living hinge to facilitate orientation of the camera. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a spring-operated living hinge inside the probe orientation mechanism to further facilitate orientation of the camera. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the probe orientation mechanism, in which a spring-activated double living hinge on the probe facilitates orientation of the camera. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a side view of a further embodiment of the scope, the endoscope further comprising an optical configuration including an angled prism adjacent to the camera to aid in natural visualization. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 is an enlarged cross-sectional view through the optical setup of the probe, showing the lens elements of the optical setup that are moveable to focus the image. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternative optical configuration in which the optical configuration includes mechanically coupled elements. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternative optical configuration in which the optical configuration includes a stepped focusing arrangement operated by a solenoid and spring. [Figure 26]FIG. 26 is an enlarged perspective view from above and to one side of the camera on the tip of the probe, with the scope provided with four lights surrounding the camera. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of various light emitter arrangements on the camera of the scope. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of light being transmitted through the specular to the probe camera. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a side view of the scope provided with a two-roller driven visualiser orientation mechanism. [Figure 30a] 30a and 30b are side views of a visualizer self-cleaning module including an elastomeric sheath. [Figure 30b] 30a and 30b are side views of a visualizer self-cleaning module including an elastomeric sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0196] Detailed Description of the Invention All publications, patents, patent applications, and other references mentioned in this application are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and to be set forth in its entirety.

[0197] Definitions and Overall Priorities As used in this application, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the following terms are intended to have the following meanings, in addition to any broader (narrower) meaning that such terms may enjoy in the art.

[0198] Unless otherwise required by context, the use of the singular in this application shall be construed to include the plural and the use of the plural to include the singular. The term "a" (or "an") when used in reference to an entity shall be construed to refer to one or more of that entity. Thus, the terms "a" (or "an"), "one or more," and "at least one" are used interchangeably in this application.

[0199] As used herein, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising" shall be construed to indicate the inclusion of any stated whole (e.g., a feature, an element, a characteristic, a property, a method / process step, or a limitation) or group of wholes (e.g., features, elements, properties, properties, method / process steps, or limitations) but not the exclusion of any other wholes or group of wholes. Thus, as used herein, the term "comprising" is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited wholes or method / process steps.

[0200] As used herein, the term "disease" is used to define any abnormal condition that impairs physiological function and is accompanied by specific symptoms. The term is used broadly to include any disorder, illness, disorder, lesion, disorder, condition or pathological phenomenon in which physiological function is impaired, regardless of the nature of the etiology (or whether or not the etiological basis of the disease has actually been established). The term thus includes conditions resulting from infection, trauma, injury, surgery, radiation ablation, poisoning or malnutrition.

[0201] As used herein, the term "treatment" or "treating" refers to an intervention (e.g., administration of a drug to a subject) that cures, ameliorates, or reduces the symptoms of a disease, or eliminates (or reduces the effects of) its cause(s), in which case the term is used synonymously with the term "therapy."

[0202] Additionally, the terms "treatment" or "treating" refer to an intervention (e.g., administration of a drug to a subject) that prevents or slows the onset or progression of a disease, or reduces (or eradicates) the occurrence of that disease in a treated population. In this context, the term treatment is used synonymously with the term prophylaxis.

[0203] In the context of the treatment and effective amount defined above, the term subject (which shall be interpreted as including "individual", "animal", "patient" or "mammal" where the context allows) defines any subject for whom treatment is indicated, and in particular defines a mammal. Mammalian subjects include, but are not limited to, humans, livestock, farm animals, zoo animals, sport animals, pets such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, horses, cows, cows, primates such as apes, monkeys, orangutans, and chimpanzees, canines such as dogs and wolves, felines such as cats, lions, and tigers, equines such as horses, donkeys, and zebras, food animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep, ungulates such as deer and giraffes, and rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. In a preferred embodiment, the subject is a human.

[0204] Case in point As shown in Figures 1 to 9 of the accompanying drawings, the scope of the present invention is generally designated by reference numeral 1 and comprises a probe 2 and an articulable visualizer 3 which can be oriented / tilted and / or rotated about a visualizer axis 3a via an orientation mechanism 4 for optimal viewing of the ear. In this embodiment, said articulable visualizer 3 is a substantially spherical, rotatable eye-like image sensor or camera 5. However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in other embodiments the articulatable visualizer 3 can have other non-spherical eye shapes, provided that the articulatable visualizer has a uniform contour about its axis of articulation or rotation 3a. The scope 1 is also provided with a light source 42 which can be integrated into the camera 5 as in this embodiment, or can be remote / adjacent to the camera 5, for example as shown in Figures 26 to 28. The scope can be an otoscope for inspecting the ear, or a surgical endoscope, allowing for two-handed diagnostic and surgical procedures with the benefits associated with endoscopic visualization of the ear.

[0205] The scope 1 is further provided with a self-cleaning module 6 for cleaning debris from the eye camera during use without the need to remove the scope from the ear. Two or more self-cleaning modules may be provided, which may be the same or different, as will be explained in more detail below. The eye camera 5 also comprises an optical arrangement 7 for optimizing the image from the eye camera 5, made of a lens element 8 and a focusing mechanism 41 for controlling the lens element 8.

[0206] The probe 2 comprises an elongated tubular body 9 defining an open mouth 10 at the distal end of the probe 2 for holding the eye camera 5. On the outside, the elongated tubular body 9 is provided with first and second oppositely disposed side channels 11, 12, respectively, for receiving first and second removable side panels 13, 14, respectively. The first and / or second side channels 11, 12 serve to house a power line 15 for powering the eye camera 5, terminating in a power pin 16 insertable into the eye camera 5.

[0207] At the mouth 10, the probe body 9 is shaped to define two opposed axial holes 17 (e.g. receivers) for supporting the eye camera 5 within the mouth 10 on two opposed axial pins 20 that define the visualizer axis 3a and extend laterally outward from the eye camera 5. The probe body 9 includes a pair of tabs 20a, 20b that support the camera 5. The tabs 20a, 20b form a structure in which the axial holes 17 are located. Each of the tabs extends distally from the distal end of the probe body 9 as seen in FIG. 2. The tabs 20a, 20b are located on opposite sides of a central longitudinal axis of the probe body 9 such that the visualizer axis 3a extends between them. The probe body further includes distally opening notches (one of which is visible in FIG. 1 and labeled 20c) defined between the pair of tabs 20a, 20b. The notches are defined on either side of the probe body between the tabs 20a, 20b such that the notches are aligned with one another on an axis substantially perpendicular to the visualizer axis 3a. The notches form respective cutouts of the distal end of the probe body relative to the tabs. This allows the camera's field of view to be increased by removing material from the probe body that would otherwise obscure the field of view, yet the camera can be supported for rotation about the axis of rotation. In other embodiments, the axial hole and axial pin may be reversed such that the hole is provided on the camera and the axial pin is provided on the tab. In yet other embodiments, only one tab may be provided to support the camera in a cantilever configuration.

[0208] A data cable 18 extends from the eye camera 5 through the barrel 9 via a wireless communication module 19 .

[0209] The orientation mechanism 4 for rotating the eye camera 5 within the mouth 10 of the probe 2 can function in a number of ways as desired. For example, as shown in Figure 3, the orientation mechanism 4 can be a belt or band driven orientation mechanism 21, while as shown in Figure 4, the orientation mechanism 4 can be a hydraulic orientation mechanism 22 that operates similarly to a vane or gear pump. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5, the orientation mechanism 4 can be a pneumatic orientation mechanism 23 that operates in a manner similar to a centrifugal pump or Pelton wheel.

[0210] As shown particularly in FIG. 7(a), the orientation mechanism 4 of FIGS. 3-5 may be housed within first and second internal channels 24, 25 defined within the probe elongate body 9. The probe elongate body 9 may also include an internal data and / or cleaning channel 26 for receiving the data cable 18 and / or for transporting fluids and debris to and / or from the self-cleaning module 6. The first and second internal channels 24, 25 overlap at the distal end 28, while the data channel 26 is larger at the distal end 28 where the data channel 26 holds the wireless communication module 19 and cleaning module 6. Proximally from the distal end 28, the first and second internal channels 24, 25 are reoriented and resized as shown in FIG. 7(a) to allow for a probe with a thinner profile toward the proximal end 27, as shown at 29, than toward the distal end 28, as shown at 30, thus facilitating manipulation of instruments through the probe, as shown in FIG. 7(b). Moreover, the resulting narrower profile 29 allows the probe 2 to flex at the hinge 48 .

[0211] In other embodiments, further internal channels may be provided for integration with the cleaning module 6 and for supplying fluids, air and vacuum for use during surgery. Alternatively or additionally, a working channel may be provided for an instrument such as a needle for an injection.

[0212] As shown particularly in Figure 9a, the eye camera 5 in this embodiment comprises a rotatable cage-like housing 31 having a first side 32 and an opposite second side 33. The eye camera 5 is received within the open mouth 10 of the distal end of the probe as shown in Figure 1. The housing 31 is provided with an element of the orientation mechanism 4 in the form of a wheel 34 formed on the second side 33 of the housing 31. The first side 32 is provided with a first axle pin 20 as previously described, which in turn is provided with a second axle pin 20 defining the rotation axis 3a. The wheel 34 is operable by the orientation mechanism 4 to rotate the housing 31, and thus the eye camera 5, about the axle pin 20. The axle pins 20 each have a power socket 38 for receiving power from the power pin 16. The cage-like housing 31 is further provided with ribs 35 extending between the first and second sides 32, 33, the ribs 35 defining cage board slots 36 therebetween for receiving and holding functional boards of the eye camera 5, such as an image sensor board 37.

[0213] As can be seen, the eye camera 5 is mounted such that a portion of the housing (including the external lens 44) is disposed distally beyond the distal end of the probe body. More specifically, a portion of the camera housing extends distally beyond the distal end of the tab. Thus, the outer surface of the camera 5 forms the outer surface of the scope and is cleaned by the self-cleaning module.

[0214] The image sensor board 37 is configured to generate image data that is transmitted from a wireless communication module located in the housing of the camera 5 to a wireless communication module 19 located in the probe. The communication module is configured to transmit and / or receive image data at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or higher. This allows for the use of smaller antennas. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other frequencies can be used. The communication module located in the probe can be less than 30 mm from the camera.

[0215] Parts (1) to (4) of FIG. 9b show embodiments of the camera 5 and the wireless communication module provided in the probe 2. In each of these embodiments, the camera 5 includes an image sensor 37 in communication with an electronic unit 200. The electronic unit may be a single unit as shown, or may be a distributed component (the electronic unit may correspond to a main board 40). The electronic unit includes a main control unit (MCU) 201a. The MCU 201a may be provided on or correspond to the main board 40 described elsewhere in this application. The camera 5 includes a wireless communication module in communication with the MCU 201a. The wireless communication module includes an RF unit 201b provided in the electronic unit 200 and a camera antenna system 202, 204. The MCU 201a is configured to control the image sensor 37 and the antenna system 202, 204. For example, the MCU 201a may be configured to control an RF transmission rate. The MCU 201a can select the frame rate and resolution of the image sensor and the bandwidth of the RF transmission. The image sensor is configured to continuously transmit raw image data to the MCU, such as using MIPI / LVDS protocol. Image sensor control signals can be generated from the MCU to control the sensor. The RF unit can be configured to control the transmit signal power and antenna matching circuitry as described below.

[0216] The probe 2 includes a processing unit 206 operatively coupled to a wireless communication module. The processing unit 206 is configured to process images received from the camera. The wireless communication module includes a second RF unit. The second RF unit includes a probe antenna system 208, 210 configured for communication with the camera antenna system 202, 204. The wireless communication module in the probe 2 is located at the distal end of the probe elongate body 9 close to where the camera 5 is mounted. The wireless communication modules (e.g., each antenna system) can be separated by less than 25 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 10 mm. The wireless communication modules of the probe are connected via a cable 18 to allow data to be transmitted from the scope. The RF unit and antenna system forming the wireless communication module and the processing unit 206 can be provided in a probe electronics unit as shown. This can be a single unit or can be formed by distributed components.

[0217] In the embodiment shown in part (1) of Figure 9b, the antenna system mounted on the camera includes an omni-directional antenna 202 in the form of a monopole antenna. The antenna system mounted in the probe is a unidirectional antenna configured to receive RF signals from the camera antenna 202 in a single direction. The orientation of the unidirectional antenna may be oriented along the longitudinal axis of the probe from the distal end of the probe as shown. Other orientations may also be used. The monopole antenna accommodates the needs of various orientations of the camera relative to the probe while still maintaining adequate signal strength. The use of a unidirectional antenna on the probe can allow a greater signal strength to be received from the camera. In this embodiment, the wireless communication can preferably only be used for transmission from the camera to the probe. In any of the embodiments described herein, the directional antenna can be an embedded antenna or a trace on a PCB that forms part of the antenna electronics. The directional antenna in any of the embodiments can be a MIFA or IFA type antenna.

[0218] In the embodiment shown in Figure 9b(2), the probe antenna system 210 includes an omni-directional antenna (e.g., a single monopole antenna). The camera antenna system 202 includes a monopole antenna, similar to the embodiment described above. In this embodiment, one-way communication can preferably be provided, with the probe antenna system receiving a signal from the camera antenna.

[0219] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9b(3), the camera antenna system 204 includes two or more directional antennas (three as shown, but there could be only two or four or more). The probe antenna system includes a unidirectional antenna. In this embodiment, the camera (e.g. the RF module and / or the MCU located in the camera) is configured to select one of the directional antennas in the camera that is closest to the probe antenna according to the relative position of the camera. This is seen in FIG. 9b(4). This allows to reduce the amount of radiation transmitted to the patient by the wireless communication module. The communication between the probe electronics and the eye camera 5 can be bidirectional (full duplex or half duplex) in this embodiment. The camera can be configured to transmit raw (i.e. unprocessed) image data from the camera to the probe via the wireless communication module. This means that there does not need to be imaging processing circuitry in the camera, allowing the camera to be small. In other embodiments, the images can be processed in a processing module in the camera.

[0220] In other embodiments, other means can be used for transmitting image data from the camera 5. In other embodiments, a data cable can be coupled directly to the housing of the eye camera 5 (as described below) and run through the housing and coupled to the image sensor.

[0221] In another embodiment, image data is transmitted through at least one of the axial pins 20. The image data can be transmitted along with power for the image sensor through one or both of the axial pins. The image data can be transmitted simultaneously with the power by modulating the power supply.

[0222] The eye camera 5 has an internal focusing lens 39 which forms part of the lens element 8 of the optical arrangement 7, with a main board 40 provided with a focusing mechanism also forming part of the optical arrangement 7. These components are mounted within the housing as seen in FIG. 9a. The eye camera 5, and in this embodiment the main board 40, also has a light source 42 in the form of a light emitter 42 on its opposite side for illuminating the ear, and power pin contacts 43 arranged on opposite sides for receiving power at the power socket 38. The eye camera 5 also has an outer curved front lens 44 which also forms part of the lens element 8 of the optical arrangement 7. The curved front lens may be a window element with minimal (or no) optical power / magnification, as discussed below, so as to act as a window rather than a lens. The front lens or window forms part of the housing of the camera 5 as seen in FIG. 9a. The housing is therefore generally spherical as seen in the figures, with a circular outline about the axis of rotation of the housing, although in other embodiments the housing may have other shapes or may be cylindrical as described elsewhere herein.

[0223] The self-cleaning module 6 (see Figures 2 and 6) consists of a cleaning element in the form of a ring-shaped body 45 provided with a cleaning blade 46 and soft cleaning material 47, all shaped and contoured to clean the curved front lens 44 of the eye camera 5. The cleaning element is located proximal to the housing of the camera 5 as seen in FIG. 2. The cleaning element is laterally offset relative to the housing / camera (i.e., offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the probe). The cleaning element is located at the mouth 10 of the probe body such that it is disposed between the tabs 20a, 20b. This allows the cleaning element to contact the exterior surface of the housing for cleaning. In other embodiments, the cleaning module 6 (and its associated cleaning element(s)) can be at any other suitable location to allow cleaning of the exterior surface of the camera 5. The cleaning element can contact any point on the circumference of the camera, for example, around the axis of rotation of the camera. The cleaning element can be located distal to the camera in some embodiments.

[0224] Figures 10 to 14 show another embodiment of the scope 1 of the present invention, where the image sensor board 37 is relocated to the probe body 10 from the eye camera 5 shown in Figures 1 to 9a. The eye camera 5 can be rotated as shown, while the self-cleaning module 6 functions to clean the eye camera 5 as previously described.

[0225] 15a shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the invention, in which the image sensor boards 37 are stacked to save space and reduce the profile of the probe 1 so that the scope 1 can fit into various lumens in the body. Because the image sensors are stacked to save space and the lenses send spatially separated images to each sensor, image processing software can send the images binocularly to provide depth perception with a low profile probe. More specifically, as shown, the stacked optical configuration 7 is comprised of first and second stacked fixed image sensors 49, 50 and corresponding first and second lens elements 8 that direct light to the image sensors 49, 50 with a slidably adjustable front lens 51.

[0226] In one embodiment, to effectively bypass the first fixed sensor 49, an aspheric lens, for example a lens with a crescent-shaped profile (in plan view), can be used.

[0227] In use, the eye camera 5 of Figures 1 to 9a is held in the probe 2 by the axle pin 20 held in the axle hole 17. This allows the eye camera 5 to rotate a full 360° about the axis 3a - which has the dual purpose of redirecting the camera orientation and cleaning the front lens 44. In some embodiments an unlimited 360° may not be provided, for example if a cable is attached to the camera for power and / or data transmission.

[0228] In use, the probe 2 is inserted into the internal structure of a patient's ear. The housing is then rotated relative to the probe body 9 resulting in rotational movement of the image sensor 37 relative to the internal structure of the ear. As shown in Figures 10 to 12, discussed below, in use the housing (and therefore the camera 5) is rotated at least 90° relative to the probe body 9 whilst viewing the internal structure of the ear throughout the rotational movement.

[0229] The housing (and thus the camera 5) can be rotated from a first position (e.g., FIG. 10) in which the image sensor 37 faces distally to a second position (e.g., FIG. 12) in which the image sensor 37 faces proximally. Once moved from the first position to the second position, the housing can be rotated back again. Rotating the housing from the first position to the second position and back to the first position can include rotating the housing 360° about the housing's axis of rotation.

[0230] Rotating the housing may alternatively include rotating the housing relative to the probe body at least 120° during use. During use, the front lens 44 or inner lens may be focused by the focusing mechanism.

[0231] In use, the exterior surface of the housing of the camera 5 (e.g., the external lens 44 or a window) can be cleaned by rotation relative to the self-cleaning module (e.g., relative to the cleaning element of the self-cleaning module). Cleaning the exterior surface of the camera 5 includes wiping the exterior surface of the housing with the cleaning element of the self-cleaning module 6. This can be done by rotating the housing from the first position defined above to the second position and back to the first position. The second position can be a position in which the image sensor 37 is oriented generally perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the probe body.

[0232] Thus, the front lens 44 is cleaned by rotating it 360° as shown in Figure 6 and wiping it with the self-cleaning module 6 thus held within the probe 2. The self-cleaning module 6 consists of the flexible blade 46 and a material for cleaning the lens, such as a soft material 47. In another variant of the invention, the cleaning module 6 can be integrated with an internal vacuum channel and an internal liquid channel within the probe 2.

[0233] As the eye camera 5 is only connected to the probe by the axis pins 20, there is limited space for power and data pins / contacts or cables, especially in smaller implementations. Therefore, by having only one power pin contact 43 on each axis pin 20, power being transmitted through these pin contacts 43, data from the image sensor can be transmitted using wireless technology between the wireless communication device 19, which in turn transmits data by the data cable 18 to an image processor external to the scope 1.

[0234] The wireless communication device 19 of the eye camera 5 can also measure the rotation angle which can be displayed to the user. In an alternative embodiment, data can be conveyed by signal modulation on the two power pins 16. In this case, an image processor must separate the data signal from the power in order to display the image.

[0235] As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the eye camera 5 can be controlled using a belt or band type orienting mechanism 21, a hydraulic orienting mechanism 22 in a manner similar to a vane or gear pump, or a liquid orienting mechanism 23. Precision control for systems using hydraulic actuation can be through a hand button on the scope 1. In other embodiments, the orienting mechanism can be a motor built into the probe 2 or the eye camera 5. Alternatively, the eye camera 5 can be actuated by a wheel or gear in the probe 2, or a wire can be used like a crank to rotate the eye camera 5.

[0236] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the belt based orientation mechanism includes a belt coupled to a drive shaft located at the proximal end of the probe and a driven shaft acting on the housing of the camera. The belt may wrap around the drive shaft and / or the driven shaft at least two times. This may provide improved engagement between the drive shaft(s) and the belt to prevent slippage when the scope is used underwater. In other embodiments, other configurations of belts may be provided. The drive shaft may be operatively coupled to a stepper motor (not shown) for rotating the drive shaft, which in turn rotates the driven shaft and the camera housing.

[0237] In other embodiments of the invention, there are a different number of electrical boards with the functions located between the electrical boards.

[0238] The internal focusing lens 39 is held in place by the focusing mechanism 41 of the optical arrangement 7. The focusing mechanism is mounted within the housing of the camera 5. The focusing mechanism 41 positions the lens between the front lens 44 and the image sensor board 37 and translates the focusing lens 39 to change the focus of the eye camera 5. The focusing mechanism 41 is electromechanically operated. The focusing mechanism 41 may, for example, comprise a microelectromechanical system.

[0239] In one variation, the focusing mechanism 41 can employ electromagnets, while in another embodiment, the focusing mechanism 41 can employ a bimetallic linkage. Alternatively, harmonics can be used to control a linkage that moves the focusing lens 39. In yet another embodiment, the focusing mechanism includes a shape memory metal component configured to focus the lens as described in more detail elsewhere in this application.

[0240] Fig. 15b shows another embodiment of the focusing mechanism, which can be used in combination with any other embodiment described herein. In this embodiment, the focusing mechanism is configured to oscillate the focusing lens 39 (or at least one or all of them, if more than one is provided) such that the focusing distance (labeled "d") of the focusing lens(es) relative to the image sensor 37 varies over a range of motion (labeled "δd"). The focusing lens 39 is shown in Fig. 15b with a solid line for the amount of movement of the focusing lens 39 closest to the image sensor 37 and with a dashed line for the amount of movement of the other focusing lens 39 furthest from the image sensor 37. The focusing lens 39 can be attached to a MEMS or piezoelectric device or the like forming part of the focusing mechanism 41 to provide the desired range of motion.

[0241] The frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the focusing lens can be controlled to a predetermined amount. This can be a constant frequency and amplitude to provide a constant range of motion of the focusing lens. The image sensor is configured to sample the generated image data to generate a focused image by selecting a frame corresponding to a desired focus and use these to form a video image. Other non-focused frames can be discarded. This allows variable focus to be performed without relying on the positional accuracy of the focusing mechanism that controls the distance between the focusing lens and the image sensor. In some embodiments, the image processing can be performed at the image sensor (e.g., by a processor in the camera 5). This can reduce the amount of data transmitted from the camera 5 (by a wireless communication module or cable). In other embodiments, the image processing can be performed outside the scope using the complete image data set generated by the image sensor.

[0242] In other embodiments, the frequency (X Hz) and amplitude (δd) at which the lens oscillates and the image sampling rate (Y Hz) can be varied. By changing the Y / X ratio, the number of images N per lens transition can be changed. For each transition, the image corresponding to the focal point N can be selected and the other images are discarded. By optimizing δd, X, Y and N, a focused video stream can be generated (e.g., using an appropriate deconvolution algorithm).

[0243] Vibration of the focusing lens can also be used to aid in cleaning the external surface of the camera (e.g., the lens 44 or a window of the camera housing). In one embodiment, the focusing mechanism is selectively mechanically coupled to the external lens 44 or window by a switchable damper. The damper is configured to switch between a damped state in which vibrations of the external lens 44 are damped (e.g., during normal operation) and a fixed state in which vibrations are not damped and vibrations of the focusing mechanism are transmitted to the external lens 44 or window. This vibration of the external lens 44 or window aids in cleaning by causing the removal of accumulated dirt / debris.

[0244] In some embodiments, the image sensor may be movable relative to the focusing lens, which may be fixed relative to the camera. In this embodiment, the focusing mechanism is configured to oscillate the image sensor to achieve the same focusing as above. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that anything described herein in relation to moving / oscillating the focusing lens(es) may also be applied to the image sensor (or both).

[0245] In another embodiment, the transmission of the vibration of the focusing lens 39 to the external lens 44 or window is controlled by tuning the vibration frequency of the focusing lens to the resonant frequency of the external lens / window. During normal operation, the focusing mechanism can be configured to vibrate the focusing lens at a first frequency different from the resonant frequency of the external lens 44 / window. This allows the focus to be changed as described above, but the external lens / window does not vibrate. The focusing mechanism can be configured to switch the frequency at which the focusing lens 39 is vibrated to a second frequency that is the same or approximately the same as the resonant frequency of the external lens / window so that the external lens / window also vibrates. This assists cleaning.

[0246] In yet another embodiment, the vibration of the focusing lens 39 can create an air flow over the external lens / window to create a cleaning action. These can be used in combination with the cleaning vibrations described above or separately. FIG. 15c illustrates an embodiment in which the eye camera 5 includes an air vent 100 located adjacent to the external lens 44 (or window). The air vent 100 is configured to create an air flow caused by pressure changes in the eye camera 5 resulting from the vibration of the focusing lens 39 (e.g., a bellows action is created by the vibrating lens). The air flow created by the air vent 100 is directed onto the outer surface of the external lens 44 to create a cleaning action. Although two air vents are shown, other numbers may be provided, such as a single air vent or three or more air vents.

[0247] Fig. 15d illustrates an embodiment similar to that of Fig. 15c, where the external lens 44 (or window) includes a through hole 101 acting as a vent for the airflow created by the oscillating focusing lens 39. Fig. 15c also shows diagrammatically the camera antenna system 202 formed from a monopole antenna, the location of the camera MCU 201a and RF module 201b in the electronic unit 200. This arrangement can be applied to any antenna system and can be applied to any embodiment of the eye camera 5.

[0248] FIG. 15e illustrates an embodiment in which the eye camera 5 includes a plurality of movable cleaning members in the form of eyelashes 102 extending from the outer surface of the lens 44 (or window). The eyelashes can extend over a portion or the entirety of the lens / window outer surface. The eyelashes are configured to move relative to the outer surface of the lens / window to displace debris and thus provide a cleaning action. The movement of the eyelashes 102 can be powered by a power source provided to the eye camera 5. The eyelashes 102 are configured to move in a coordinated motion to remove material from the field of view of the lens 44 / window. The eyelashes can be made of a transparent material and / or be appropriately thin to avoid obstructing the field of view. In addition to covering the outer lens 44, the eyelashes can cover a larger area of ​​the outer surface of the camera 5. In some embodiments, the camera 5 includes a cleaning fluid supply device 104 configured to supply a cleaning fluid to the eyelashes 102. The cleaning fluid device may include a pump configured to pump cleaning fluid from within the camera 5 to an exterior surface of the camera 5 adjacent the eyelashes. Alternatively, the eyelashes may draw cleaning fluid from the cleaning fluid supply device 104 by capillary action.

[0249] FIG. 15f illustrates an embodiment in which a number of movable cleaning members in the form of eyelashes 106 are arranged on the surface of the probe body 9 adjacent to the eye camera 5. The eyelashes can move in a similar manner as described in relation to FIG. 15e. The eyelashes 106 are configured to move relative to the probe body (and the eye camera). In this embodiment, the eyelashes 106 are powered by a power supply branch to the camera 5 located within the probe body 9. The eyelashes 106 are configured to move in a coordinated motion to move material to a point on the surface of the probe body 9 where the material does not obstruct the camera's view or where the material can be removed. The probe further includes a removal device 108 configured to remove material collected by the eyelashes 106. The removal device 108 can be a suction system and can be located at the center of a concave surface that receives the eye camera 5 at the distal end of the probe 2. In other embodiments, the removal device 108 can be at any other suitable location. The probe body 9 may further include a cleaning fluid device similar to that of Figure 15e for providing cleaning fluid to the eyelashes 16 on the probe.

[0250] In the embodiment shown in Figures 15e and 15f, the lashes may be replaced with other types of cleaning members, such as rollers adapted to move in unison to move material and effect cleaning.

[0251] The above described cleaning member and image focusing with the oscillating lens and associated use of the oscillating lens for cleaning may be used in addition to the self-cleaning module described elsewhere in this application. They may also be used in place of the self-cleaning module. They may also be used apart from articulation between the eye camera 5 and the probe, for example using a camera fixed relative to the probe.

[0252] In another embodiment of the invention, the optical arrangement may consist of a variable aperture that may be employed instead of a focusing mechanism 41 that moves the lens element 8 relative to or with the image sensor. The aperture may be electromechanical in nature, in which case an opaque filter forms the aperture, or it may be digital. Changing the aperture size allows for a change in the depth of field, which may be advantageous since a large depth of field (small aperture) may be used to observe instruments from a distance. The depth of field may then be reduced by enlarging the aperture to allow high quality imaging at close ranges.

[0253] The lens element 8 can be constructed of multiple elements to achieve the best image quality while the outer layer of the front lens 44 is, in some embodiments, a window that allows light in with minimal distortion, in another variation.

[0254] An example of an embodiment in which the front lens 44 is a window is shown in Figures 15g, 15h, and 15i. This embodiment is similar to that shown in Figures 1 to 9a, and similar reference numbers are used accordingly. In this embodiment, the camera 5 includes a window that allows light to pass with negligible (or no) focusing and magnification. The window is aligned with the image sensor mounted in the housing of the camera 5. The front lens 44 is replaced with an internal lens 44a. Thus, an optical path is defined from the image sensor 37 through the internal lens 44a and the window 44b. The optical arrangement further includes focusing lenses 39a, 39b. In this embodiment, two focusing lenses are provided, but in other embodiments there may be only one or more than two. The focusing lenses 39a, 39b are configured to focus light from the internal lens 44a onto the image sensor 37. The focusing lenses can be adjusted using the focusing mechanisms described elsewhere in this application. A fluid-filled gap 44b is defined between the inner surface of the window 44ab and the outer surface of the lens 44a. In this embodiment, the fluid-filled gap is an air-filled gap. In other embodiments, the fluid-filled gap may be filled with another suitable optically transmissive fluid, such as oil. By including the fluid-filled gap, the outer surface of the inner lens 44a is provided with a medium of known refractive index. This means that the optical configuration and the focus of the lens 44a do not change when the probe is in air or water.

[0255] Figure 15h shows a side view of the embodiment shown in figure 15g through a plane containing the axis of rotation 3a. The focusing mechanism 41 comprises a lens stage 41a or row on which the focusing lenses 39a, 39b and the internal lens 44a are mounted. The focusing mechanism 41 is configured to translate the lens stage 41a relative to the image sensor to focus an image. The lens stage 41a has a range of movement defined by a space 41b between an abutment 41c of the lens stage and a corresponding fixed abutment 41d of the focusing mechanism. In the currently described embodiment, the range of movement of the lens stage is 40 micrometers. This can be adjusted to suit the lens being used.

[0256] In this embodiment, the focusing lenses 39a, 39b and the inner lens 44a are all mounted on the lens stage 41a and are moveable relative to the image sensor 37. In other embodiments, one or more of these lenses may be fixed relative to the lens stage, so that at least one moveable lens is provided on the lens stage to perform image focusing.

[0257] FIG. 15i shows a cutaway illustration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15h. The focusing mechanism includes a shape memory metal component as described above configured to effect movement of the focusing lens and / or inner lens relative to the image sensor. The shape memory metal component is formed from a shape memory alloy that contracts when a voltage is applied. The shape memory metal component is coupled to the lens stage 41a and an associated fixed portion of the focusing mechanism to effect relative movement therebetween upon application of an appropriate voltage. In this embodiment, the shape memory metal component includes a first section configured to effect movement of the lens stage towards the image sensor and a second section configured to effect movement of the lens stage away from the image sensor. Other arrangements of shape memory metal components may be provided.

[0258] In the embodiment shown in Figures 15g, 15h and 15i, the cable 18 is connected to the image sensor 37 and extends outside of the camera 5 where it runs alongside the probe body 9. The cable 18 is flexible and has a length suitable to allow rotation of the camera housing relative to the probe body 9.

[0259] In some embodiments, flexible optics are used to change the surface contour of the lens element 7 to vary the focus.

[0260] If desired, the lenses can be 3D printed using additive manufacturing methods.

[0261] As mentioned above, in some embodiments the articulatable visualizer is not spherical, but can be configured differently, for example cylindrical or other uniform contour about its axis 3a. A uniform shape such as a cylinder or sphere is advantageous in use as it does not change shape when rotated relative to tissue and is less traumatic to tissue. In another embodiment, a window having a contour resembling a U-shape also surrounds the eye camera 5 to ensure that the eye camera 5 is atraumatic to tissue.

[0262] The camera may have a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 6.5 mm. The camera may have a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 3.5 mm. Other sizes may be possible and application is not limited to these examples.

[0263] However, in other embodiments the contour of the articulatable visualiser 3 may not be uniform around its axis 3a.

[0264] In another embodiment, the front lens 44 protrudes further than other parts of the eye camera 5 so as to contact the self-cleaning module 6 when rotated, while other parts of the eye camera 5 do not contact the self-cleaning module.

[0265] FIG. 15j illustrates one embodiment of the distal end of the probe body 9 showing the attachment of the eye camera 5. The eye camera 5 is attached on the previously described tabs (one of which can be seen in FIG. 15j and is labeled 20a) with notches between them. In this embodiment, one of the notches 20c forms a larger cut-out area where the cross-sectional size of the probe body 9 is reduced to form a taper that increases the field of view of the camera 5 when rotated to point the image sensor 37 proximally. This minimizes obscuration of the field of view of the camera 5. FIG. 15j also illustrates the belt-driven orientation mechanism 21 having a drive band / belt that extends along the length of the probe body 9 to drive the rotation of the camera 5.

[0266] Fig. 15k illustrates another embodiment of the orientation mechanism. It can be used in combination with any other embodiment in the present application. In this embodiment, the orientation mechanism includes a first cable 300 and a second cable 302, each connected to the camera 5. The first cable 300 is configured to extend from a connection point of the first cable 300 with the camera in a first direction about the axis of rotation of the camera, around the camera and to the probe. The second cable is configured to extend in a second direction (opposite to the first direction) about the axis of rotation of the camera and to the probe. The first cable is configured to rotate the camera in the first direction, and the second cable is configured to rotate the camera in the second direction. As can be seen, tension applied to the first cable causes the camera to rotate about its axis of rotation in the first direction (counterclockwise in Fig. 15k). Tension in the second cable causes rotation of the camera in the second direction (clockwise in FIG. 15k) about the axis of rotation. Pulling the first cable in a proximal direction along the length of the probe body causes counterclockwise rotation of the camera about the axis of rotation, as seen in parts (2) and (3) of FIG. 14b. Although not shown, the cables may each extend to the proximal end of the scope, where they may be coupled to a suitable actuation device.

[0267] The cables may extend along channels 304, 306 provided in the probe body 9 as described elsewhere herein, for example as the drive belt. Both cables extend into the outer housing of the camera 5 through an opening 208 in the housing for coupling to the camera electronics 200, for example the main board 40 or other suitable point (e.g. the MCU).

[0268] In the currently described embodiment, the cables 300, 302 extend from the camera 5 at a position in front of the lens. Specifically, the cables both extend from a zero degree position in front of the lens or camera, which corresponds to the most distal point when the camera is in a non-rotated position (e.g., with the image sensor pointed along the longitudinal axis of the probe body). This provides a larger rotation range. However, the cables 300, 302 can extend through or be coupled to the camera at any other suitable position around the axis of rotation of the camera. The cables can connect to or extend through the outer wall of the camera at different points in other embodiments, for example, through separate openings. By "extend from" we mean the point at which the cable extends through the opening of the camera or the point at which the cable is fixedly connected.

[0269] In the embodiment shown in section (3), the first and second cables 300, 302 may cross each other such that each cable extends around an opposite side of the camera 5 relative to the side of the probe body along which it extends. The cables cross at a junction 310 aligned with the axis of rotation of the camera. This may allow for a full 360 degree rotation of the eye camera 5.

[0270] In other embodiments, the cable may enter the eye at two different locations around the circumference of the eye camera 5 rather than one entry or connection point 208, and may achieve a greater rotation up to 360 degrees if the cable travels a long distance around the circumference to these entry points. This is illustrated in Figure 15k(5).

[0271] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15k(5), the orientation mechanism includes first and second cables 300, 302 extending from different points around the circumference of the camera about the axis of rotation. The points from which the cables extend can be on opposite sides of the visualizer axis 3a of rotation of the camera (e.g., the axis of rotation of the housing). The first cable 300 can extend from a point on the camera at a first side 5a relative to the axis of rotation and extend around the camera around an opposite second side 5b of the camera. The second cable 302 can extend from a point on the second side 5b and extend around the first side 5a in the opposite direction. Thus, the first and second cables each extend around the distal zero degree position of the camera and cross each other. This can allow 360 degree rotation of the camera about the axis of rotation.

[0272] The cable in the embodiment of Fig. 15k further provides an electrical coupling to the camera to carry one or both of power and image data between the probe and the camera. This allows the orientation mechanism to provide both camera operation and data / power transmission without the need for other connections / wireless communication. The cable(s) allow data and / or power to be transmitted through the orientation mechanism without the need for other cables. The power and data can be transmitted by separate cables forming the orientation mechanism or using a single cable by modulating the power signal as described elsewhere in this application.

[0273] Figure 15l shows an embodiment similar to that shown in Figure 15k, where the self-cleaning module 6 includes a movable cleaning element 6a mounted on (i.e. fixed relative to) the probe 2 and in contact with the outer surface of the camera 5. The cleaning element is movable relative to the probe body. In this embodiment, the movable cleaning element includes a rotating element such as a brush. Although illustrated in use with the cable orientation mechanism, the self-cleaning module of Figure 15l can be used with any of the embodiments described herein.

[0274] FIG. 15m illustrates an embodiment in which power is transferred wirelessly from the probe to the movable camera 5. FIG. 15m shows details of the camera 5 attached to the distal end of the probe body 9 via the support tabs 20a, 20b as previously described in relation to other embodiments. To transfer power wirelessly, the scope includes one or more probe-mounted inductive coils (or other types of short-range wireless power transfer components) and one or more camera-mounted inductive coils (or other types of short-range wireless power transfer components) configured to transfer power between each other. The inductive coils are configured to transfer energy by inductive coupling. In the currently described embodiment, a first probe-mounted inductive coil 302 is provided on one of the pair of support tabs 20a (e.g., in the receptacle or hole in which the pin is received). A corresponding first camera-mounted inductive coil 304 is provided in the axial pin 20 of the first side 32 of the camera. The opposite is also possible if the pin is on the tab.

[0275] The first probe-mounted induction coil 302 is electrically connected to a cable 18 for providing a power source. The first camera-mounted induction coil 304 is electrically coupled to the camera electronics via a cable 306 in the camera. The probe-mounted induction coil and the camera-mounted induction coil are therefore in close proximity to each other such that energy transfer can occur by electromagnetic induction without the need for wired connections between the two relatively moving parts of the scope. By locating the induction coil at the connection point between the camera and the probe body, the coils remain in close proximity throughout the entire range of motion of the camera. A similar arrangement of induction coils is provided on the second side 33 of the camera 5. As seen in FIG. 15m, the second tab 20b of the pair of support tabs has a second probe-mounted induction coil 308 and a corresponding second camera-mounted induction coil 310 is provided in the axial pin 20 on the second side 33 of the camera 5. In other embodiments, an induction coil may be provided on only one axial pin.

[0276] If desired, the scope of the present invention may include two cameras 5 to provide binocular vision, however in other embodiments a single camera 5 may provide binocular vision using two lenses projecting onto a single sensor, with out-of-phase images at full resolution and filters built into each lens opaque at the same frequencies to separate the two images.

[0277] In another embodiment, two lenses are projected onto a single sensor to provide binocular vision, and the lenslets on the image sensor are tuned to either one lens or the other based on the angle of incidence, i.e., approximately 50% are tuned to one lens and approximately 50% are tuned to the other lens, and image processing techniques are used to separate the images to provide binocular vision, but with reduced resolution.

[0278] Referring again to Figures 10 to 14, these show another embodiment of the scope 1 of the present invention in which the image sensor board 37 has been relocated to the probe body 9 from the eye camera 5 shown in Figures 1 to 9. The eye camera 5 can be rotated as shown, while the self-cleaning module 6 functions to clean the eye camera 5 as previously described.

[0279] Figures 10 to 12 show an eye camera 5 where the image sensor has been relocated from the eye camera 5 into the probe, where it can operate at 0° through the center, 45° with one lens to one side, and 120° through the other side with multiple lenses and prism(s). Figures 13 and 14 show another configuration where 0° is through the center and 45° is also through the center. In one embodiment, optical filters are applied to the lenses to prevent light from the wrong lens from entering the sensor. If desired, light emitters 42 can be built into the eye camera 5 as previously described, or the light emitters 42 can be located on the probe 2.

[0280] In embodiments where the image sensor is located within the probe, one or more fiber optic cables may be provided to couple light between the lens or lenses and the respective image sensor or sensors, allowing for greater flexibility in the relative placement of the lens and image sensor.

[0281] FIG. 15a shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the invention, in which the image sensor boards 37 are stacked within the probe 2 to save space and reduce the profile of the probe 2, allowing the scope 1 to fit into various lumens within the body. Since the image sensors are stacked to save space and the lenses send spatially separated images to each sensor, image processing software can send the images binocularly to provide depth perception in a low profile probe 2. More specifically, as shown, the stacked optical configuration 7 is comprised of first and second stacked fixed image sensors 49, 50 and corresponding first and second lens elements 8 that direct light to the image sensors 49, 50 with a slidably adjustable front lens 51. Lens element 49a directs light to sensor 49. Lens element 50a directs light to sensor 50.

[0282] In one embodiment, an aspheric lens, for example a lens with a crescent shape (in plan view), can be used to effectively bypass the first fixed sensor 49 .

[0283] FIG. 16(a) shows a side view of a further embodiment of the scope 1, in which the articulatable visualizer 3 is a tiltable camera 52 controllable by an orientation mechanism 4 in the form of a directional lever 53, the scope 1 being provided with a stabilizer in the form of a specular 55. More specifically, the specular 55 is mounted on a specular holder in the form of a specular handle 56. The specular handle 56 has a collar 57, and the probe 2 is mounted on the collar 57 and located within the specular 55, carrying the tiltable camera 52 at the distal end 28 of the probe 2. The probe 2 is integral with the specular holder 56 in a unitary construction, defining an integrated specular and probe scope assembly. As explained above, the scope assembly can be in the form of an otoscope or a surgical endoscope for examining the ear, allowing two-handed diagnostic and surgical procedures while benefiting from the advantages associated with endoscopic visualization of the ear.

[0284] The specular 55 comprises a proximal open end 58 which allows a surgeon to access the ear during a surgical procedure, and a distal insertion end 59 which is insertable into the ear. A substantially conical specular wall 60 extends between the proximal and distal ends 58, 59 and defines an interior chamber 61 for receiving the probe 2 and surgical instruments during use. The conical specular wall 60 further defines a relatively large surgical access opening 62 at a rim 63 at the proximal end 58, and a relatively narrow insertion opening 64 at the distal end 59, through which a surgeon can access the ear during a surgical procedure.

[0285] The collar 57 of the handle 56 has a specular mounting portion in the form of a ring 65 defining a hole 66 for receiving the rim 63 of the specular for mounting and securing the handle 56 to the rim 63 of the specular 55. The collar 57 is further provided with a probe mounting portion 67 for mounting the probe 2 on the handle such that the elongated probe 2 can extend through the specular from the proximal end 58 to the distal end 59 and, if required, exit the distal end 59 through the insertion opening 64.

[0286] As shown, the orientation or tilt mechanism 4 can be employed to orient the tiltable camera 52 as required. The orientation mechanism 4 is manually controllable with the probe orientation lever 53.

[0287] FIG. 16(b) is a side view of a scope 1 similar to that of FIG. 16(a), but where the probe orientation lever is in the form of a manually operable probe knob 69.

[0288] Figure 17(a) is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the scope 1 similar to the scope 1 of Figures 16(a) and 16(b), but in addition to the elongated probe 2 being slidable and orientable, the elongated probe 2 is curved to conform to the wall 60 of the specular chamber 55 to create more space for the surgeon in use within the specular chamber 61. The scope 1 is provided with a probe direction wheel 70 instead of the probe direction lever of Figure 16(a).

[0289] FIG. 17( b ) is a side view of the endoscope of FIG. 17( a ), but with the probe direction wheel 70 replaced by a probe direction slider 71 .

[0290] Figures 18(a) to 18(c) show side views of an embodiment of the invention similar to that of Figures 16 and 17, but where the probe 2 is also slidable relative to the specular 2.

[0291] 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the orientation mechanism 4 for the tiltable camera 52. As shown, the probe orientation mechanism is comprised of the tiltable camera 52 including a light source in the form of a camera module 71 at the distal end of the elongated probe 2, which is made up of an outer shaft 72, an inner shaft 73 within the outer shaft 72, and a channel 74 for accommodating an actuation cable 75 that extends between the camera module 71 and a spring 76 (or other resilient material) of the orientation mechanism 4. The camera module 71 is mounted on the outer shaft 72 at an outer living hinge 77, opposite which is disposed a tilt recess 78 such that linear movement of the inner shaft 73 relative to the outer shaft 72 causes the camera module 71 to tilt.

[0292] Thus, the living hinge 77 holds the camera module 71 such that it tilts in a predictable manner. In other embodiments of the invention, the living hinge 77 may be replaced by other locators such as magnets or balls and sockets. In yet other embodiments, the data cable 18 may double as the actuation cable 75.

[0293] The portion of the orientation mechanism 4 of Figure 19 may also be provided with a protective elastomeric cover to protect the subject from sharp edges.

[0294] Figure 20 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the probe orientation mechanism 4 similar to that of Figure 19 (like numerals designating like parts), but where the external living hinge 77 has been replaced by an internal spring actuated living hinge 79 to facilitate orientation of the camera module 71 by rotational movement of the internal shaft 73 relative to the external shaft 72. As shown, the internal living hinge 79 is provided with a hinge cover 80 and sits in an internal shaft slot 81 such that rotation of the internal shaft 73 causes the camera module 71 to rotate as shown.

[0295] 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the orientation mechanism 4, which facilitates orientation of the camera probe 2 by the probe's spring-operated double living hinge 82. In this embodiment, the outer shaft 72 is fully or partially split longitudinally, allowing the inner and outer sides to move relative to each other.

[0296] FIG. 22 shows a side view of a further embodiment of the scope 1 similar to the scope of FIGS. 16 to 21, but further provided with an angled prism 83 to assist in natural visualization.

[0297] 23 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of various optical configurations 7, illustrating the lens elements 8 of the optical configurations 7 that are movable to focus an image. More specifically, the optical configurations 7 can be comprised of a combination of adjustable lens and sensor elements 84, a fixed front element 85, and an adjustable sensor 86, a rod lens 87, an adjustable front lens 88, and an angled front lens 89.

[0298] 24 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternative optical arrangement 7, which includes a tilting front lens 90 mounted on the elongated probe 2 at a lens hinge 91 and mechanically coupled to another element via a mechanical coupling 92, such that when the front lens 90 is tilted, the coupled element moves to ensure image transmission. The optical arrangement may further include a fixed sensor 93. Additional moving elements for adjusting the focus, such as an adjustable sensor 86, may also be included.

[0299] FIG. 25 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a further alternative optical arrangement 7, which is a stepped focus optical arrangement 7. In this embodiment, the optical arrangement is provided with a lens and / or sensor moving element 94 and a front end stop 95 spaced from a rear end stop 96 for determining the position of the lens and sensor moving element. The optical arrangement 7 has two focus positions. In one position, the lens and / or sensor moving element 94 is pulled maximally back and rests at a first predefined focus position (the rear end stop 96). In the other position, the lens and / or sensor moving element 94 is pushed maximally forward to a second focus position (the front end stop 95). The small amount of movement (potentially less than 0.1 mm) required to adjust the focus within the required range is achieved with a mechanism consisting of a spring 97 and a solenoid 98. In alternative embodiments, a spring and actuator under a ratchet mechanism (similar to a click pen) or a friction controlled mechanism can be employed.

[0300] The two focal positions firstly allow the surgeon to view the anatomy in detail and secondly allow the camera to be pulled back during surgery to view instruments in the surgical field.

[0301] FIG. 26 shows a further embodiment of the invention, where the probe 2 is provided with four light emitters 42 around the periphery of the articulatable visualiser 3 .

[0302] 27 shows schematic diagrams of various light emitter 42 arrangements. Light is delivered into the probe 1 from a light source at the proximal end 27 using, for example, optical fibers, which can be one large optical fiber or multiple optical fibers in a variety of formats, including but not limited to those shown, and the distal surface of the optical fiber can be flat or curved to allow for dispersion of light.

[0303] As shown in FIG. 28, light can also be transmitted through structures of the scope 1, for example through a specular 55, to the articulatable visualizer 3.

[0304] The scope 1 and system of the present invention may be formed from any suitable material, for example a biodegradable material, utilizing additive manufacturing methods to fabricate the lenses or other components of the scope of the present invention.

[0305] With reference to figure 29, an embodiment of the scope of the invention is described, where parts described with reference to the previous embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the orientation mechanism for the visualiser 5 comprises a pair of rollers 60a, 60b arranged to contact the visualiser 5 and rotate about axes generally perpendicular to each other. It will be appreciated that the two rollers can be employed in combination to produce rotation of the visualiser about an infinite number of axes.

[0306] With reference to Figures 30a and 30b, one embodiment of the scope of the present invention is described, with parts described with reference to the previous embodiment being assigned the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the self-cleaning module includes an elastomeric sheath 70 configured to move distally from a retracted position shown in Figure 30a to a deployed position shown in Figure 30b where the sheath overlays the lens of the visualizer 5 while wiping the visualizer clean.

[0307] The following sections, although not claimed, define optional or preferred features of the present disclosure.

[0308] 1. A scope for examining or surgically treating the internal structure of the ear, comprising: A probe; at least one visualizer on the probe having an optical configuration; a light source; A scope, wherein the visualizer is articulatable relative to the probe by an orientation mechanism for optimal viewing of the internal structure of the ear.

[0309] 2. The scope of claim 1, wherein the visualizer includes a communications module configured to wirelessly transmit or receive data with a communications module in the probe, and optionally, the probe is configured to wirelessly transmit power to the visualizer.

[0310] 3. The scope of claim 1 or 2, wherein the visualizer is rotatable about a visualizer articulation axis.

[0311] 4. The scope of claim 3, wherein the visualizer has a uniform contour about its articulation axis.

[0312] 5. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the visualizer is substantially spherical and the probe optionally includes a socket for receipt of the substantially spherical visualizer for rotation of the visualizer about multiple axes.

[0313] 6. The scope of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the visualizer includes an image sensor and a lens, and is optionally configured to focus the visualizer by adjusting the distance between the lens and the image sensor.

[0314] 7. The scope of claim 6, wherein the visualizer is adjustable between two or more pre-set focus settings.

[0315] 8. The scope of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the probe exhibits a non-uniform profile, including a narrower profile at the proximal end or center.

[0316] 9. A scope as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the orienting mechanism is a belt or band driven orienting mechanism, a fluidic orienting mechanism, or is driven using magnetic forces such as a motor, acting directly on the visualizer or on a wheel or linkage in communication with the visualizer.

[0317] 10. The scope of any preceding claim, further comprising a self-cleaning module for cleaning debris from the visualizer.

[0318] 11. The scope of claim 10, wherein the self-cleaning module includes a cleaning surface and / or a fluid dispenser.

[0319] 12. The scope of claim 11, wherein the self-cleaning module is configured to provide relative movement between the visualizer and the cleaning surface to clean the visualizer.

[0320] 13. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a stabilizer for supporting the scope.

[0321] 14. The scope according to claim 13, wherein the stabilizer includes a specular.

[0322] 15. The scope according to any one of items 1 to 14, wherein the scope is an endoscope or an otoscope.

[0323] Equivalent The above description details presently preferred embodiments of the invention. Numerous modifications and changes in its implementation are expected to occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of this description. These modifications and changes are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

[0324] Other embodiments

[0325] (A1) Another embodiment of the present invention comprises: 1. A scope for examining the internal structure of an ear, comprising: a probe formed by an elongated probe body for insertion into an internal structure of the ear, the probe body including an internal channel; a housing rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body; one or more self-cleaning modules, at least one of the self-cleaning modules including a cleaning element; and a camera having an image sensor located within said housing and a curved front lens or window forming a part of said housing to define an external exposed surface of said housing; the camera is rotatable with the housing relative to the probe body and the cleaning element such that the cleaning element can clean the curved front lens or window of the camera; The cleaning element may be a scope, the cleaning element being disposed within the interior channel of the probe body.

[0326] (A2) In the embodiment of the invention described in (A1), The cleaning element may be disposed proximally relative to the camera.

[0327] (A3) In an embodiment of the invention according to (A1) or (A2), The cleaning element may be fixed in place by attachment to the probe.

[0328] (A4) In the embodiment of the invention described in (A3), The cleaning element may be configured to engage the rotatable camera at any point along a circumference of the camera defined by an axis of rotation of the camera.

[0329] (A5) In the embodiment of the present invention according to any one of (A1) to (A4), At least one of the self-cleaning modules may include a cleaning element moveable relative to the probe.

[0330] (A6) In the embodiment of the invention described in (A5), The moveable cleaning element may be a rotating element.

[0331] (A7) In the embodiment of the invention described in (A6), The movable cleaning element may be rotated independently or in conjunction with a directional guidance mechanism of the camera.

[0332] (A8) In an embodiment of the present invention according to any one of (A1) to (A7), The cleaning element may be laterally offset relative to the camera.

[0333] (A9) In the embodiment of the present invention according to any one of (A1) to (A8), The cleaning element may be disposed between a pair of tabs opposed to one another about a central longitudinal axis of the probe body, with an axis of rotation of the housing extending between the tabs.

[0334] (A10) In an embodiment of the present invention according to any one of (A1) to (A9), The camera may include a plurality of movable cleaning members extending from the curved front lens or window of the camera.

[0335] (A11) In the embodiment of the present invention described in (A10), The moveable cleaning member may be configured to move relative to the curved front lens or window of the camera to move over a surface of the curved front lens or window to remove debris from the field of view of the image sensor.

[0336] (B1) Another embodiment of the present invention comprises: a probe formed by an elongated probe body for insertion into an internal structure of the ear, the probe body including an internal channel; a housing rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body; one or more self-cleaning modules, at least one of the self-cleaning modules including a cleaning element; and a camera having an image sensor located within said housing and a curved front lens or window forming a part of said housing to define an external exposed surface of said housing; the camera is rotatable with the housing relative to the probe body and the cleaning element such that the cleaning element can clean the curved front lens or window of the camera; 1. A method for cleaning the camera of a scope, the cleaning element being disposed within the internal channel of the probe body, the method comprising: Rotation of the camera with the housing relative to the cleaning element of the scope the cleaning element includes cleaning the curved front lens or window of the camera.

[0337] (B2) In the embodiment of the invention according to (B1), rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element to cause the cleaning element to wipe the curved front lens or window.

[0338] (B3) In an embodiment of the invention according to (B1) or (B2), Rotating the housing may include rotating the housing from a first position in which the image sensor faces distally to a second position in which the image sensor faces proximally.

Claims

1. 1. A scope for examining the inside of an ear, comprising: a probe formed by an elongated probe body for insertion into the internal structure of the ear; a camera including an image sensor located within the housing; A scope, wherein the housing is rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body such that the camera is rotatable relative to the probe body, and an outer surface of the rotatable camera forms an outer exposed surface of the scope.

2. The scope of claim 1 , wherein the image sensor is configured to visualize through the exterior surface of the rotatable camera that forms the exterior exposed surface of the scope.

3. 3. The scope of claim 2, wherein the outer surface when the image sensor is configured to visualize through the outer surface of the rotatable camera is spaced from the probe body to maintain a clearance between the outer surface and the probe body and to allow relative movement between the outer surface and the probe body, and the camera is preferably configured to rotate 360 ​​degrees about an axis of rotation of the camera.

4. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a portion of the camera is disposed distally beyond the distal end of the probe body.

5. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the probe body includes one or more tabs extending distally from the distal end of the probe body for supporting the housing.

6. 6. The scope of claim 5, wherein the one or more tabs include a pair of tabs opposed to one another about a central longitudinal axis of the probe body, an axis of rotation extending between the tabs about which the housing can rotate.

7. 7. The scope of claim 6, wherein at least one distally opening notch is defined between the pair of tabs, the at least one notch forming a cutout of the distal end of the probe body relative to the tab.

8. 8. The scope of claim 7, wherein a pair of notches are defined on opposite sides of the probe body between the pair of tabs, the notches being aligned with one another on an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

9. 9. A scope according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a portion of the camera extends distally beyond a portion of the probe body defined by the notch or notches.

10. The scope of claim 5 , wherein the one or more tabs include a single tab configured to support the camera in a cantilever arrangement along the axis of rotation of the camera.

11. The scope of any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the housing is rotatably coupled to the one or more tabs via one or more respective axle pins extending along a rotational axis of the housing.

12. 12. The scope of claim 11, wherein each of the one or more axial pins originates at the camera and terminates in a receiver on the respective tab, or each of the axial pins originates at the respective tab and terminates in a receiver within the camera housing.

13. 13. The scope of claim 11 or 12, wherein each axial pin includes an electrical contact electrically coupled to the image sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the image sensor.

14. 14. The scope of claim 13, wherein the image sensor is configured to generate image data, the generated image data being transmitted through at least one of the axial pins, and optionally, power and image data being transmitted over the same one of the axial pins.

15. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the probe is configured to wirelessly transmit power to the camera.

16. 16. The scope of claim 15, wherein the probe includes one or more short-range wireless power transmitting components, preferably one or more inductive coils, and the camera includes one or more corresponding short-range receiving components, preferably one or more inductive coils, configured to transfer power between each other.

17. 17. The scope of claim 16 when dependent on claim 12, wherein one of the one or more short-range power transmission / reception components is located within at least one of the one or more axial pins, and at least one corresponding wireless power transmission / reception component is located within the respective receiving portion for the axial pin or pins.

18. 18. The scope of claim 16 or 17, wherein the short-range wireless power transmission / reception component is further configured to transmit data between the probe and the camera in addition to power.

19. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a data cable coupled to the camera.

20. 20. The scope of claim 19, wherein the image sensor is configured to generate image data, the generated image data being transmitted via the cable.

21. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the probe body comprises an internal channel.

22. 22. The scope of claim 21, wherein the interior channel defines an open mouth at a distal end thereof for holding the camera, the housing being partially received within the open mouth.

23. 23. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising one or more self-cleaning modules.

24. 24. The scope of claim 23, wherein at least one of the self-cleaning modules includes a cleaning element, and the camera is rotatable relative to the cleaning element.

25. 25. The scope of claim 24, wherein the cleaning element is disposed proximally relative to the camera or the cleaning element is disposed distally relative to the camera.

26. 26. A scope as claimed in claim 24 or 25, wherein the cleaning element is fixed in position by attachment to the probe and configured to engage the rotatable camera at any point along a circumference of the camera defined by an axis of rotation of the camera.

27. 27. The scope of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein at least one of the self-cleaning modules includes a cleaning element that is movable relative to the probe, the movable cleaning element preferably being a rotating element such as a brush, the movable cleaning element optionally being rotated independently or in communication with a camera orienting mechanism.

28. A scope according to any one of claims 24 to 27 when dependent on claim 21, wherein the cleaning element is disposed within the internal channel of the probe body.

29. The scope of any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein the cleaning element is laterally offset relative to the camera.

30. 30. A scope according to claim 28 or 29 when dependent on claim 6, wherein the cleaning element is disposed between the pair of tabs.

31. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the camera comprises an optical arrangement including a lens, and the image sensor is configured to generate image data from light received through the lens.

32. 32. The scope of claim 31, wherein the optical arrangement further includes a window forming a part of the housing, the window aligned with the image sensor and the lens such that an optical path is defined between the image sensor and the window, the optical path extending through the lens.

33. 33. The scope of claim 32, wherein a fluid-filled gap is defined between an inner surface of the window and an outer surface of the lens, the fluid-filled gap being preferably an air-filled gap.

34. The scope of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the optical configuration further includes a focusing mechanism for focusing the lens.

35. 35. The scope of claim 34, wherein the focusing mechanism includes a shape memory metal component configured to focus the lens.

36. 36. The scope of claim 35, wherein the focusing mechanism is electromechanically operated, and preferably comprises a microelectromechanical system.

37. The scope of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the focusing mechanism includes a focusing lens and is configured to vibrate the focusing lens or the image sensor such that a distance between the focusing lens and the image sensor is changed.

38. 38. The scope of claim 37, wherein the scope, or a data processing system coupled to the scope, is configured to sample the resulting image data to generate a focused image, the image data preferably being sampled by selecting a frame that corresponds to a desired focus along a range of motion of the lens.

39. 39. A scope according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the oscillable focusing lens or image sensor is configured to provide cleaning of an exterior surface of the camera.

40. 40. The scope of claim 39, wherein the focusing mechanism is selectively mechanically coupled to the exterior surface of the camera by a switchable damper, the damper being optionally switchable between a damped state in which vibrations of the focusing mechanism are damped and a locked state in which vibrations of the focusing mechanism are transmitted to the exterior surface of the camera.

41. 41. A scope according to claim 39 or 40, wherein the focusing mechanism is configured to oscillate the focusing lens or image sensor at approximately the same frequency as a resonant frequency of the lens or window of the camera, and optionally the focusing mechanism is configured to switch a frequency of oscillation of the focusing lens or image sensor between a first frequency different from the resonant frequency of the lens or window of the camera, and a second frequency approximately the same as the resonant frequency of the lens or window.

42. A scope according to any one of claims 37 to 41, wherein the vibration of the focusing lens or image sensor can be configured to generate a cleaning airflow across the lens or window of the camera.

43. 43. The scope of claim 42, wherein the camera includes one or more vents configured to provide air flow generated by pressure changes within the camera resulting from the vibration of the focusing lens or image sensor.

44. 44. A scope as described in claim 43, wherein the vent is located adjacent to the lens or window forming the exterior surface of the camera and / or is formed by a through hole extending through the lens or window forming the exterior surface of the camera.

45. 45. A scope according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the camera includes a plurality of movable cleaning members, preferably in the shape of eyelashes, extending from the outer surface of the camera, preferably from the outer surface of the lens or window through which light is transmitted into the camera.

46. 46. ​​The scope of claim 45, wherein a moveable cleaning member is configured to move relative to the exterior surface of the camera to move debris over the exterior surface of the camera to remove debris from the field of view of the image sensor.

47. 47. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the probe includes a plurality of moveable cleaning members arranged on a surface of the probe body adjacent the camera, the moveable cleaning members preferably configured to move relative to the probe body to move debris over the surface of the probe body.

48. 48. The scope of claim 47, wherein the plurality of movable cleaning members can be in the form of eyelashes.

49. The scope of any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein the probe further comprises a suction system configured to remove material collected by the movable cleaning element.

50. The scope of any one of claims 45 to 49, wherein the probe body or camera further comprises a cleaning fluid supply configured to provide a source of cleaning fluid to the moveable cleaning member.

51. A scope according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the camera includes a communications module configured to transmit and / or receive image data generated by the image sensor wirelessly.

52. 52. The scope of claim 51, wherein the communications module is configured to transmit and / or receive image data wirelessly at frequencies above 2.4 GHz.

53. 53. A scope according to claim 49 or 52, wherein the camera is configured to transmit raw image data from the image sensor wirelessly to the probe.

54. 54. The scope of claim 53, wherein the camera includes a processor and an RF unit in communication with an antenna, and preferably does not include image processing electronics, thereby preferably minimizing electronics occupying space within the rotatable camera for transmission of the image data from the probe to the camera.

55. 55. A scope according to claim 53 or 54, wherein the communications module on the probe includes a video processing unit to process the raw image data, preferably configured to compress the raw image data using algorithms that are preferably transmittable over long distances or interpreted by readily available software.

56. 56. A scope according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein the camera wireless communications module is configured to wirelessly transmit or receive data to or from a communications module in the probe.

57. 57. The scope of claim 56, wherein the communications module disposed within the probe is less than 30 mm from the camera.

58. 58. A scope according to claim 56 or 57, wherein the camera wireless communications module includes an antenna system including an omnidirectional antenna (e.g., a monopole antenna) and the probe communications module includes an antenna system including a unidirectional antenna.

59. 58. A scope as described in claim 56 or 57, wherein the camera wireless communications module includes an antenna system including an omnidirectional antenna (e.g., a monopole antenna) and the probe communications module includes an antenna system including an omnidirectional antenna (e.g., a monopole antenna).

60. 58. A scope as claimed in claim 56 or 57, wherein the camera wireless communications module includes an antenna system including two or more directional antennas having different orientations, and the probe communications module may include an antenna system preferably including a unidirectional antenna, or a monopole antenna / other antenna, optionally the two or more unidirectional antennas provided in the camera may be selectively operated depending on an orientation of the camera relative to the probe, and further optionally the electronics in the rotatable camera are configured to use directional data sensed from within the camera to select a most advantageous antenna for transmitting the data to the probe, and preferably the camera electronics are configured to turn off other antennas other than the most advantageous antenna.

61. 61. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 60, further comprising a light source integrated into the camera, optionally movable along with the image sensor relative to the probe body.

62. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the probe further comprises a light source for illuminating a field of view of the image sensor.

63. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 62, wherein the scope includes an orientation mechanism configured to control rotational movement of the housing relative to the probe body.

64. 64. The scope of claim 63, wherein the orientation mechanism comprises a belt based orientation mechanism, preferably including a drive belt coupled to a drive shaft disposed at a proximal end of the probe and a driven shaft acting on the housing.

65. 65. The scope of claim 64, wherein the drive belt is wrapped around the drive shaft and / or the driven shaft at least two times.

66. 66. The scope of claim 64 or 65, wherein the drive shaft is operably coupled to a stepper motor for rotating the drive shaft.

67. 64. The scope of claim 63, wherein the orientation mechanism includes at least one cable coupled to two attachment points distal to the housing, the attachment points being on opposite sides of the housing's axis of rotation.

68. 68. The scope of claim 67, wherein the orientation mechanism includes a first cable configured to effect rotation of the camera in a first direction and a second cable configured to effect rotation in a second direction about the axis of rotation, preferably the first and second cables connected to or within the camera and extending in opposite directions around the housing of the camera about the axis of rotation of the camera.

69. 64. A scope as claimed in claim 63, wherein the at least one cable enters the camera at the same point on a circumference of the camera defined by the axis of rotation, preferably in different planes relative to each other.

70. 70. The scope of any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein the cable or cables are configured to provide rotation about the axis of rotation of the camera of greater than 175 degrees in either direction from a central position in which the image sensor points distally along the longitudinal axis of the probe.

71. 71. The scope of any one of claims 68 to 70, wherein the first cable extends around a first side of the camera, the second cable extends around a second side of the camera, the first cable extends from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the second side of the camera, and the second cable extends from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the first side of the camera.

72. 72. The scope of any one of claims 67 to 71, wherein the at least one cable is electrically connected to the image sensor within the housing for transmitting power to the image sensor, and optionally the at least one cable has a dual function of orienting the camera and transmitting power and data.

73. A scope according to any one of claims 68 to 72, wherein the first and second cables further provide electrical couplings to the camera for carrying one or both of power and image data between the probe and the camera, preferably enabling the orientation mechanism to provide both operation of the camera and data / power transmission without the need for other connections / wireless communication.

74. 74. The scope of any one of claims 67 to 73, wherein the at least one cable is connected to the image sensor for transmitting image data generated by the image sensor.

75. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the camera has a uniform contour about the axis of rotation of the camera, preferably substantially circular in cross section through the axis of rotation of the camera.

76. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the camera is generally spherical.

77. 77. A scope according to any preceding claim, wherein the camera has a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 6.5 mm.

78. 78. The scope of claim 77, wherein the camera has a circumference measured through the axis of rotation of less than 3.5 mm.

79. 79. The scope of any one of claims 1 to 78, further comprising a specula for insertion into a patient's ear, the probe body being moveable relative to the specula.

80. 1. A method for examining an internal structure of a patient's ear, comprising: inserting a probe into the internal structure of the ear, the probe being formed by an elongated probe body supporting a camera including an image sensor disposed in a housing, the housing being rotatably coupled to a distal end of the probe body such that the camera is rotatable relative to the probe body; and rotating the camera relative to the probe body to produce a rotational movement of the image sensor relative to the internal structure of the ear; The method, wherein rotating the housing includes rotating the housing at least 90 degrees relative to the probe body while viewing the internal structure of the ear throughout the rotational movement.

81. 81. The method of claim 80, wherein the method includes rotating the camera from a first position in which the image sensor faces distally to a second position in which the image sensor faces proximally.

82. 82. The method of claim 81, further comprising rotating the camera back to the first position.

83. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein rotating the camera from the first position to the second position and back to the first position comprises rotating the camera 360 degrees.

84. 84. The method of any one of claims 80 to 83, wherein rotating the camera comprises rotating the camera through a range of greater than 175 degrees in either direction about the camera's axis of rotation from a central position in which the image sensor points distally along the longitudinal axis of the probe.

85. 85. A method according to any one of claims 80 to 84, wherein rotating the camera comprises rotating the camera using an orientation mechanism including a first cable configured to effect rotation of the camera in a first direction and a second cable configured to effect rotation in a second direction about the axis of rotation, preferably the first and second cables being connected to or within the camera and extending in opposite directions around the housing of the camera about the axis of rotation of the camera.

86. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the first cable extends around a first side of the camera, the second cable extends around a second side of the camera, the first cable extends from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the second side of the camera, and the second cable extends from a channel in the probe body located on a side of the probe body corresponding to the first side of the camera.

87. A method according to any one of claims 80 to 86, wherein the method includes the step of cleaning an external surface of the camera.

88. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein cleaning the exterior surface of the camera comprises rotating the camera relative to a cleaning element, the cleaning element preferably being fixed relative to the probe.

89. 90. The method of claim 88, wherein rotating the camera relative to the cleaning element comprises wiping an exterior surface of the housing with the cleaning element.

90. A method according to any one of claims 80 to 89, wherein the camera includes a lens aligned with the light sensor, the method including the step of focusing the lens.

91. A method according to any one of claims 80 to 90, wherein rotating the camera comprises rotating the housing relative to the probe body by at least 120°.

92. 1. A method of cleaning a scope for examining the inside of an ear, the scope including an image sensor disposed within a rotatable housing, the scope further including a cleaning element, the method comprising: rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element; and cleaning an exterior surface of the housing with the cleaning element.

93. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein cleaning the exterior surface of the housing comprises wiping the housing with the cleaning element by rotating the housing relative to the cleaning element.

94. 94. The method of claim 92 or 93, wherein rotating the housing comprises rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the optical sensor faces proximally.

95. 95. The method of claim 94, further comprising returning the housing to the first position.

96. 96. A method according to any one of claims 92 to 95, wherein rotating the housing comprises pivoting the housing 360 degrees about an axis of rotation of the housing transverse to a central longitudinal axis of the probe body.

97. 97. The method of claim 95 or 96, wherein rotating the housing comprises rotating the housing from a first position in which the optical sensor faces distally to a second position in which the image sensor faces generally perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the probe body.

Images