Nuclear conversion system, processing device, removal device and ablation device

Abstract

To examine a system that uses muons to convert fuel atomic nuclei of hydrogen, heavy hydrogen and boron, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, etc., to devise a system in which a muon target is hardly activated because of a problem that when a target using carbon atoms is used targeting muons, carbon atoms are activated at high level through proton irradiation of high energy, and to eliminate a possibility that muons hardly react with row material atoms of a target since the muons are fast.SOLUTION: There is provided a system that is devised which uses electric field deceleration means to decelerate and combine high-speed muon / cosmic muons, produced by a particle collision by devices such as a lepton collider device, and cosmic rays, with fuel atoms. A decelerator is proposed which uses a decelerator using a laser track field and an element forming an electric field. A vessel of a nuclear conversion furnace is proposed. A submarine, an aircraft, a spacecraft, an aerospace structure, and a space survey robot are proposed which comprise a muon nuclear fusion reactor. Further, an interception / blasting system for missiles or meteorites is described which is mounted with T1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 47

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] <Technical field> This invention is a device / invention related to nuclear power. This invention is related to a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system. (This is an application based on an idea and requires demonstration.) [Background technology]

[0002] As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion method (muon catalyzed nuclear fusion) is known.

[0003] Hydrogen molecules containing deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are made into a liquid, and muons are introduced into the liquid, where the muons act as a catalyst for nuclear fusion to cause a nuclear fusion reaction. However, in the case of hydrogen molecules, the charge of the atomic nucleus after nuclear fusion increases from +1 for hydrogen atoms to +2 for helium atoms, and the muons are captured and trapped by Coulomb forces by nuclei with a charge of +2, helium nuclei, and alpha particle nuclei, causing the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to stop (become difficult to react).

[0004] According to Non-Patent Document 2, a thermonuclear fusion method using protons and boron is known. In thermonuclear fusion reactors, high-energy neutron rays that can activate the fusion reactor through DT and DD reactions are a problem, and as a solution, a system using protons and boron (P-11B system, proton-boron system) that does not or is unlikely to emit neutrons is being considered. When the P-11B system is used in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, there is a problem that the temperature at which thermonuclear fusion occurs must be 10 times higher than that of the DT system. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion [Internet, WEB page, URL: https: / / www2.kek.jp / imss / msl / muon-tour / fusion.htmll, accessed September 18, 2023] [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 2] National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) Demonstration of fusion reaction using advanced fusion fuel - First step towards a clean fusion reactor using hydrogen-boron reaction that does not produce neutrons - [Internet WEB page, URL: https: / / www.nifs.ac.jp / news / researches / 230309-01.html, accessed September 18, 2023] Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The problem we are trying to solve is that in a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system using hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules, muons are captured and trapped by Coulomb force, causing the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion to stop (become difficult to react). In addition, in systems using deuterium D or tritium T in muon nuclear fusion, neutrons are generated that may radioactively activate the components of a fusion reactor or nuclear fusion system, but it may be possible to have a system that does not generate neutrons. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, we want to bring muons close to hydrogen atoms, which are the fuel material before nuclear fusion, to cause nuclear fusion, but the helium nuclei of the atomic nuclei after nuclear fusion have more charge than the hydrogen nuclei before nuclear fusion, making them easier to capture muons. Therefore, in this invention, as a system that reverses the change in charge, a system that uses protons and boron is disclosed as Example 1 in Figure 1. Also, an assumed example of a spacecraft 3 / transportation device 3 equipped with it is shown in Figure 5.

[0009] The intention of Fig. 5 is that spacecraft and space exploration robots 3 traveling between planets may be required to generate power and propel themselves using fuel carried on the spacecraft even in interplanetary and interstellar environments where sunlight and starlight cannot reach. The background to this is that it would be possible to use the vacuum environment of space as a power source, operate a particle accelerator to generate muons and protons, and configure a nuclear fusion reactor and nuclear fusion thruster.

[0010] Although there is a possibility that neutrons may be emitted, as an embodiment (embodiment 2) from another viewpoint of the present invention, a system using protons and lithium is also disclosed as an example that is not limited to a system using protons and boron. The intention of disclosing the lithium system is that lithium has a lower melting point than boron and is easy to heat to liquid lithium. On the other hand, a system using boron needs to be heated to a high temperature exceeding 2000 degrees Celsius, which is the melting point of boron.

[0011] This invention focuses on the fact that in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the charge of the boron nucleus that serves as the nuclear fusion fuel is +5, and the charge of the helium produced after nuclear fusion is +3. The P-11B system is a system in which the charge of the nucleus decreases when the nuclear fusion reaction occurs from boron to helium. (*On the other hand, the DT system is a system in which the charge increases after nuclear fusion as mentioned above, and trapping occurs.)

[0012] Figure 1 of this application assumes the following reaction (not demonstrated): 1. A proton with a charge of +1 enters a boron nucleus (a muonic molecule containing boron) with a charge of +5 that has been captured by a muon with a charge of -1, causing a nuclear fusion reaction. This promotes the reaction. 2. Nuclear fusion produces three helium alpha particles with a +3 charge from one proton and one boron, as well as energy. 3. It is believed that muons prefer to be trapped (electrically attracted) by boron, which has a +5 charge and is present in large quantities in the bulk surrounding the muon, rather than being trapped by +3 helium after generation. 4. The muon tends to remain near the boron rather than the helium, trapping the muon and the boron (which becomes a muon molecule, making it easier for protons to approach each other electrically and undergo nuclear fusion) undergoing nuclear fusion with the incoming protons, and the muon catalyzes the nuclear fusion reaction between protons and boron.

[0013] In this invention or idea, in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the boron that serves as the nuclear fusion fuel has an electric charge of 5 (+5), and the helium produced after nuclear fusion has an electric charge of 3 (+3). Therefore, we propose a system (Figure 1) in which muons and protons are irradiated onto a boron target to cause muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *This application is still in the idea stage and has not been proven, but we are filing this application on the assumption that in the P-11B system, the fuel has a +5 charge of boron, which makes it easier to capture and trap negatively charged muons than the +2 charge of the helium produced after generation. *In the opposite system, the known hydrogen-DT muon catalyzed fusion system, negatively charged muons are more likely to be captured by helium.

[0014] *This invention has been described with an example of a proton-boron nuclear fusion system, but in order not to limit the scope of the invention, the conditions of the invention may be disclosed more generally, so long as the charge of the substance generated when atomic nuclei fuse is smaller than the charge of the atoms that become the nuclear fusion fuel. *For example, a reaction system as shown in Figure 2 is conceivable. As in the example of Figure 2, it may also be a system that uses boron B or lithium Li.

[0015] The boron and lithium of the present invention may be used in the form of a liquid by heating from room temperature. For example, liquid lithium may be used. Existing muon-catalyzed fusion systems use cooled liquid hydrogen (which has a melting point of minus 250 degrees Celsius), but liquid lithium has a melting point of around 180 degrees Celsius, so liquid lithium may have the advantage over liquid hydrogen in that it is easier to liquefy when used as a muon target. ●Boron also has a melting point of 2070 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 4000 degrees, which is higher than lithium, but it can be used as liquid boron in the target area where muons and protons are irradiated. In the target area, it is expected that muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion will occur using boron, which has a nuclear charge of +5, and lithium, which has a nuclear charge of +3, as fusion fuel. After the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, helium alpha rays, which have a nuclear charge of +2, are generated and released from the system. (A system using boron and protons is shown in Figure 1, and a system using protons, neutrons, and lithium is shown in Figure 3.)

[0016] The main feature of the present invention is that a muon catalyzed fusion system is used in which the charge of the substance (He in Figure 1, alpha rays) produced when atomic nuclei undergo the above-mentioned fusion is smaller than the charge of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel (B in Figure 1). Effect of the Invention

[0017] The present invention is a nuclear fusion system that does not emit neutrons, unlike the P-11B system, and has the advantage that it is less likely to produce radioactive materials during nuclear fusion. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS, which uses boron and protons. [Diagram 2] Figure 2 shows an example of a nuclear fusion reaction system that has the characteristic that when atomic nuclei fuse, the charge of the nucleus of the material produced by nuclear fusion is smaller than the charge of the nucleus of the atom that becomes the nuclear fusion fuel. (Figure 2 is an explanatory document, and not all examples shown in Figure 2 are used in the present invention, but they are described as examples of reaction systems with this characteristic. For example, in Group A of Figure 2, reaction formulas for systems using protons and lithium, protons and boron-11, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and oxygen-17 and oxygen-18, etc. are described. In Group B, reaction formulas for lithium-6, lithium-7, protons, D, neutrons, and helium-3 are described. In Group C, reaction formulas related to carbon are described. For carbon, examples of nuclear fusion reactions between carbons are also described.) [Diagram 3] Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS that uses lithium and protons. (A) shows an example of irradiating and injecting protons, neutrons, and deuterium into lithium, and (B) shows an example of using lithium-6 deuteride, which is a chemical (ionically bonded) mixture of lithium-6 and deuterium. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a comparative explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion method using existing D or T and the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion method using protons and B or Li of the present invention. (The upper part of Figure 4 is the method using D and T, and the lower part of Figure 4 is the method using protons and B and Li of the present invention.) [Diagram 5] Figure 5 shows a nuclear fusion reactor 1R and a nuclear fusion application thruster 1TH including the present 1F-SYS, and examples of their applications. *For example, the 1F-SYS may be mounted on a spaceship 3 or exploration robot 3 that propels and moves in the air, outer space, between planets, or between stars. The spaceship 3 may be a spaceship that generates muons, protons, and neutrons using an accelerator, collects and stores nuclear fuel B or Li, and causes the nuclear fusion reaction, releasing He alpha rays, etc., to the rear of 3 to propel the spaceship by the reaction. *3 is not limited to spaceships, and may be various transportation equipment, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, submarines, vehicles, automobiles, robots, various industrial machines, and space exploration robots. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram and a conceptual diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS using diborane, borohydride, alkane, and azan. (This is an explanatory diagram of the system in which the target T1 is diborane, alkane, and azan, except for the part irradiated with protons in Figure 1.) [Figure 7] Figure 7 is an illustration of the muon catalyzed fusion system 1F-SYS, which uses a diborane-borohydride section pressurized by the ramjet method. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the 1F-SYS-MP1 system, which mixes boron hydride such as diborane and muonic hydrogen atoms in the compression section and compresses them. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows an example of a system 1F-SYS having a compression section and a heating section. (It may also have a laser irradiation system.) [Figure 10]An explanatory diagram of a case where a movable muon target for muon generation and a rotating muon target are inserted into the MERIT accelerator and MERIT ring, the target is rotated and moved, and the target is exposed to a particle beam to generate pions and muons. (The cross section of the rotating disk is thin, and it can also be a wedge-shaped one with a thin outer periphery.) [Figure 11] An explanatory diagram of how the movable disk-shaped muon target is replaced by a machine. [Figure 12] This is an explanatory diagram for the case where one of the extraction ports is stopped, the movable muon target part is removed and moved from the accelerator, and the muon target part is replaced with another muon target. [Figure 13] An explanatory diagram of a device that uses a movable muon target to exchange muon targets and collide particles with the muon target to generate pions and muons in parallel, and a muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation system (including a muon deceleration section). [Figure 14] A schematic diagram of a meson / muon production system in which the movable muon target contains hydrogen atoms, protons or helium atoms. [Figure 15] An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system that uses helium atoms (or hydrogen atoms / positively charged particles) moving through a circular accelerator as a muon target. [Figure 16] An explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, and atom production system that uses a meson production system. [Figure 17] As one embodiment of the present application, an explanatory diagram of a method for slowing down cosmic muons or high-speed muons and irradiating / injecting / bonding them into atoms in the target T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion. (A) An example of slowing down high-speed cosmic muons with a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere, space, and sky sides of the target T1 on the ground and irradiating them to T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example of directly irradiating the target T1 of raw material atoms and molecules with a laser to form an electric field capable of slowing down the muons, slowing them down, and attempting muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. [Figure 18] An explanatory diagram of an example of attempting muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation by irradiating a pulsed laser directly onto a target T1 (raw material atoms or molecules) to form an electric field capable of slowing down the muons and binding them to atoms in T1. [Figure 19] An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which an element that generates an electric field is used as a muon decelerator. (A) An explanatory diagram when decelerating muons using an element that generates an electric field. (A) A configuration in which muons incident on the target section T1 may rotate due to the magnetic field B and move within the atoms in the target section. (B) An explanatory diagram when an electric field for decelerating muons is formed using a pyroelectric body and an array of pyroelectric bodies, and the muons are decelerated by the electric field. (B) A configuration in which the temperature of the end of the pyroelectric body is changed to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric body, and the electric field is used as a means for decelerating muons. [Figure 20] An explanatory diagram of an element that generates an electric field. (A) When a capacitor element using electrodes and an insulator / dielectric is used. (B1) When an electric double layer capacitor type element is used. (B2) An explanatory diagram of an element including an electric double layer portion. [Figure 21] An explanatory diagram of the transportation equipment / structure 3 equipped with the part that generates mesons and muons from cosmic rays. [Figure 22] An explanatory diagram of the assumption of a nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material and undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, changing it into a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with an excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. Then, the excitation energy is transferred from 12B* to the neighboring carbon-12 nucleus, generating excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted into helium, and the excitation energy is transferred to the neighboring carbon-12, and so on. This is an explanatory diagram of the assumption that the carbon-12 nucleus in the carbon-12 carbon material is converted into helium using a muon. (B1) An explanatory diagram of the case where a muon is bound to an azan containing nitrogen-15, which undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction to change it into carbon-15, and then nitrogen-15 is produced after the half-life of carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) An explanatory diagram of muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge ·Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so we have included this because we believe that the nuclear fusion reaction will continue.) [Figure 23] An explanatory diagram of a hypothetical muon-based nuclear transmutation and fusion system that takes into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when ammonia containing nitrogen-15 is irradiated with muons. [Figure 24]An explanatory diagram of a hypothetical nuclear transmutation and fusion system that uses muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction that occurs when boron hydride containing boron-11 (a system of boron hydride anions and lithium cations) is irradiated with muons. [Diagram 25] An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM and the muon communication system 1MU-COM. [Figure 26] An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM, which has the section 2MS-NUT-GRAV that separates neutrinos with different masses. [Figure 27] An explanatory diagram of the configuration in which muons M1 are irradiated onto target T1 in vessels 4D-MUCF and 4T-MUCF equipped with coils 2COIL, and are confined and moved by the magnetic field. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 in the upper left of FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of system 1 using a vacuum pump 4RFP that uses a deep eutectic solvent or the like as the working liquid. (An example in which a Sprengel pump type is used as pump embodiment 1) FIG. 2 in the upper right of FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of system 1. (An explanatory diagram of system 1 used as a food pump as pump embodiment 2. Here, the type of pump may be a pump that uses a working liquid such as a liquid ring pump or a rotary pump.) FIG. 3 in the lower left of FIG. 28 is a comparison diagram of a vacuum evacuation system including a low vacuum pump RP and a high vacuum pump FP with the vacuum pump 4RFP and system 1 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram of the combination. FIG. 4 in the lower right of FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a general liquid ring pump and rotary pump. (For example, NADES and ionic liquid IL are used for the working liquid, liquid ring, liquid ring, and seal parts.) [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of one of the coils of the annular vacuum vessel 4D. (Annular vacuum vessel: doughnut, annular vacuum chamber, plasma vessel 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-H. Coil 4C-EDL) [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the annular vacuum vessel. (Means for rotating the annular vacuum vessel 4ROT may be provided.) [Diagram 31] Figure 31 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel using a motor and bearings as the rotating means 4ROT (4ROT is a motor / rocket motor). [Diagram 32]Figure 32 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel equipped with a thruster (thrust unit 4ROT-TH). [Diagram 33] Figure 33(A) is an explanatory diagram of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel (4T, 4T-IN) in the circumferential direction and theta direction of the cylinder (an example of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel used for a magnetic mirror type, a magnetic field inverted configuration type, etc.), and (B) is an explanatory diagram of the cylindrical vessels 4T and 4T-MUCF. [Diagram 34] Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation with deuterated carbon-12, a compound of deuterium and carbon-12. (A) Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of methane CD4, which is made up of carbon-12 and deuterium D. (B) Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of deuterated carbon, a polymer / resin made up of deuterium and carbon-12. Concrete example: Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion within a deuterium carbon molecule (C2D4)n. [Diagram 35] A schematic diagram of a hypothetical example of muon nuclear fusion of H and F atoms in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin. (In some embodiments, the PVDF part may serve as both the target part T1 and the muon decelerator 2MUDECE.) [Diagram 36] An explanatory diagram of an assumed example of a muon nuclear fusion system in which a target section T1 / decelerator 2MUDECE is placed in coil 2COIL, and muons may be confined in T1 in a magnetic vessel / magnetic field cage 2MAGC in the coil. (Here, T1 / decelerator 2MUDECE may be a capacitor element 2FDELE-PVDF using PVDF / decelerator / element 2FDELE-PVDF using two electrodes, and may contain atoms (hydrogen and fluorine-19) for the T1 section for muon nuclear fusion. Also, coil 2COIL and magnetic field cage 2MAGC may be helical coil 2COIL-Helical, or helical magnetic field cage 2MAGC-Helical.) [Figure 37] An explanatory diagram of a system including a control unit, a power supply, and auxiliary devices when driving the device of Figure 36. (It may be possible to apply a voltage from a power supply 2PWSP to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF.) [Figure 38]Negative muon decelerator / positive muon accelerator using capacitor elements. [Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP. An explanatory diagram of a configuration capable of decelerating negative muons and accelerating positive muons (capable of separating positive and negative muons). In the diagram, an example of PVDF is shown for the insulator / dielectric part, but it may be another insulator such as diamond.] [Figure 39] An example of the arrangement of the deceleration element, capacitor element and T1. [Diagram 40] An explanatory diagram of a device in which electrodes are attached to the six faces of an insulator / dielectric cube to decelerate the velocity components in the three-dimensional XYZ directions and used as a capacitor element, muon decelerator, and muon accelerator. [Diagram 41] An explanatory diagram of an attempt to change the meteorite's orbit, attitude, and motion by detonating and propellant-injecting a threatening meteorite MTO using a muon fusion system. An explanatory diagram of an attempt to detonate and intercept the meteorite MTO using a muon fusion system. A vessel 4T-MUCF loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed on the threatening meteorite MTO (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), and muons or neutrinos or particles are irradiated (from the installation location of 1NUT-TX) to ignite muon fusion and blast / explode T1 in the vessel 4T-MUCF from a remote location (the installation location), and the resulting explosive force is used to detonate and intercept the MTO, or to change the meteorite's orbit, direction, and attitude. [Diagram 42] An explanatory diagram of how the meteorite MTO is split and pulverized by detonating it from inside using a muon fusion system using T1 loaded into a hole opened inside the meteorite MTO. An explanatory diagram of how the meteorite MTO is split and decomposed by the explosive force of opening a borehole / hole 5T-HOLE in the threatening meteorite MTO, loading T1 into the hole and sealing it, and then placing a container 4T-MUCF loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), igniting muon fusion in T1 and blasting / exploding it, causing a muon fusion explosion from inside the MTO, and blasting / exploding the MTO. [Diagram 43]An explanatory diagram of how neutrinos capable of penetrating iron walls are irradiated from multiple irradiation points to a single point T1 inside a hole inside an iron meteorite, where radio waves have difficulty reaching it, to generate muons through a charged current reaction, etc., and then explode the meteorite remotely. [Diagram 44] An explanatory diagram of the 5REMV-HEAD, a metal / material heating / evaporation / removal / ablation device with a nuclear fusion section and alpha ray irradiation section. [Diagram 45] An explanatory diagram of fuel T1 injection into an iron meteorite using a centrifugal gun, blast ball 3LOAD injection drilling, and T1 ignition. [Figure 46] An explanatory diagram of the centrifugal gun structure 2LPST. [Figure 47] An explanatory diagram of the detonation destruction of a muon fusion system with a neutrino-muon converter (conversion atoms, neutrons, and particles). [Figure 48] A diagram of the 3SUBM submarine, which contains the muon fusion reactor and the muon and neutrino transmitters and receivers. [Figure 49] An explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography and CT images of celestial bodies, satellites, and meteorites (An explanatory diagram of a CT system using muons and neutrinos. To obtain transmission images of large meteorites and celestial bodies, the transmitter and receiver of muons, etc. may be mounted on a spacecraft or spacecraft 3. The 3 may communicate with each other via a wireless communication network 1 NETWORK.) [Figure 50] An illustration of the muography system for obtaining muography CT images of the human body and objects. [Figure 51] An illustration of an aircraft / spacecraft 3 including a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitter / receiver units. [Figure 52] An explanatory diagram and hypothetical diagram of the energy of charged alpha rays, particles, and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor being extracted as electricity or power for use in the propulsion device of transportation equipment 3. [Figure 53] An explanatory diagram of an example of using the energy of kinetic charged alpha rays, particles, and photons generated in a muon fusion reactor in a rocket propulsion system. The upper part of the figure is an example of a solid rocket. The lower part is an example of a solid-type self-eating rocket. [Figure 54] An explanatory diagram of an apparatus including a pressurizing section of the fuel T1 section of a reciprocating engine type. [Figure 55] An explanatory diagram of a lepton collider-type muon generator. (Or an explanatory diagram of a particle collision-type muon generator. A particle accelerator using a laser and LWF for lepton acceleration may be used.) [Figure 56] An explanatory diagram of a medical disease removal system that aims to remove diseased areas and lesions in parts of the human body through nuclear transmutation. [Figure 57] An explanatory diagram of a processing device that uses muons, a plasma cutting device, an energy emission device, and a propulsion device that can eject and move alpha rays. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] Figure 1 shows Example 1. Focusing on the trap problem of muon catalyzed nuclear fusion, we have devised a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system using boron, as shown in M1, T1, and B1 in Figure 1. As an actual use form of Figure 1, the form of a spaceship or exploration robot 3 that travels between planets or stars where sunlight does not reach is shown in Figure 5. EXAMPLES

[0020] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the device / system of the present invention that uses boron for the fuel F1 and the target T1. *This system uses muons and protons, so some equipment such as an accelerator is required. A vacuum is required to operate the accelerator. If the accelerator is placed in outer space, the vacuum of outer space may be used. EXAMPLES

[0021] 2 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus and system of the present invention that uses lithium for the fuel F1 and the target T1. Lithium has a lower melting point than boron. [Industrial Applicability]

[0022] Although it is necessary to secure resources such as boron and lithium, it may be possible to create a power source through nuclear fusion. The present invention uses an accelerator that requires a vacuum and generates alpha rays that are expected to be emitted at high speeds, so it may be possible to use it in the propulsion system of a spacecraft that travels through the vacuum of outer space, as shown in Figure 5. [Explanation of symbols]

[0023] <Fig. 1, Fig. 3> 1F-SYS: An explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system that utilizes a nuclear fusion reaction using boron and protons. M1: Means of muon generation, means of injecting and irradiating muons into the nuclear fusion fuel target T1. Example: A system using a particle accelerator capable of generating muons. P1: Proton generating means, means for injecting and irradiating protons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating protons and firing / irradiating a target. An element of fusion fuel in a boron-proton fusion reaction system. N1: Neutron generating means, means for injecting and irradiating neutrons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating neutrons and firing / irradiating a target. A1: Particle accelerator A1. T1: Target section containing fusion fuel. Fusion fuel T1, F1. B1: The part of T1 that uses boron. Boron target. The boron may be molten. L1: The part of T1 that uses lithium. Lithium target. The lithium can be molten liquid lithium. EX1: EX1, a product of nuclear fusion. In Figures 1 and 3, this is the helium (He) alpha ray produced after nuclear fusion. <Figure 5> 3: Transportation equipment 1R: 1F-SYS, a nuclear fusion reactor. A nuclear fusion reactor including 1F-SYS. It may be equipped with a power generation unit that converts the energy of alpha rays into electrical energy. 1GENR: Power generation unit (the part that converts the energy obtained by the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS and the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS into electricity) *Although not specified in Fig. 5, the electric power derived from nuclear fusion generated by 1EXP-SYS, 1F-SYS, and 1R may be supplied to the muon generator M1 and the proton generator P1 to generate muons and protons. The electric power may be used to drive the system of the present invention and each part of the system. 1TH: Fusion application propulsion device, thrust generating device including 1F-SYS. Propulsion means. Movement means. (If 3 is a spacecraft, 1TH may be a particle beam emission part such as alpha rays, gamma rays, photons, particles, etc. If 3 is an aircraft, 1TH may be a propellant ejection part that takes in propellant and air using the power obtained in 1GENR, heats and compresses it, and ejects it behind 3, or an electrically powered propeller part. If 3 is a ship, it may be a part that can rotate a propeller or generate a water current using the power obtained in 1GENR. If 3 is a robot with an arm or a vehicle that moves on land, it may be a wheel, tire, motor, or a motor or arm part of a robot that can be driven by the power obtained in 1GENR.) 1TH-NZ: The nozzle part of 1TH. When the product EX1 after nuclear fusion is energetic helium or alpha rays, this nozzle part emits said alpha rays. It may be a thrust deflection device or nozzle. The alpha rays may be irradiated onto a propellant, which may then be heated and ejected. *Apart from 1TH-NZ, a propulsion device that uses the recoil of an ion thruster or photon laser may be operated using the electricity generated by 1R. <Figure 6> System using diborane B2H6 BH1: A substance containing boron, B1 being boron hydride, diborane, or borane. T1 and F1 being diborane. A diborane target. Diborane and BH1 may be gas, liquid, fluid, or solid. (The configuration of FIG. 7 using a fluid is also possible.) In the system of FIG. 6, diborane containing hydrogen and protons is used, so the proton introduction part P1 shown in FIG. 1 is not necessary. <Figure 7> 1F-SYS-RAM: Nuclear fusion system. (An assumed diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a nuclear fusion fuel fluid having a known ramjet part circulates in a closed loop system.) RAM: The ram pressure generating device used when compressing using the ramjet method. PBH1: Compressed BH1 section. Muon target section with compressed diborane fluid section. FP: Nuclear fusion reaction section, muon irradiation section. FEEDC: This is the part that removes the helium from the diborane fluid circulating in the system, removes excess substances, and adds necessary substances, diborane as fuel. Feed control part. Fuel supply system, fuel control system. Helium (He) removal part, diborane fuel supply part, etc. HX: Heat exchanger ENEX: Although not shown in the diagram, it is a device that generates electricity using alpha rays and nuclear fusion energy, and is a power generation unit. It may be included in the system. PUMP: Compressor, pump. Pressurizes, compresses, and circulates the fluid in the system. Driven by a motor, etc. (Powered by electricity obtained from the power generation unit) M1: Muon generator, muon irradiator. (Powered by the power generator) EX1: Helium produced after nuclear fusion (which needs to be removed).

[0024] <Other> In this application, we use a system in which the positive charge of the nucleus of the nuclear fuel material (e.g. B, Li) is greater than that of the fusion product (e.g. He), in order to keep the negatively charged muon in the nucleus of the nuclear fuel material. The intention is that the muon will be more stable in terms of Coulomb force, charge, electric field, and electricity if it is located in the fusion fuel than in the fusion product. *For example, if there is an impurity with an atomic number Z greater than that of boron in a boron system, the impurity may trap the muon and stop the reaction according to the idea of ​​this application. (For example, when considering sodium borohydride NaBH4, which is used as a raw material for diborane, sodium has a Z greater than boron, and according to the idea of ​​this application, the muon should be trapped by the Na in NaBH4.)

[0025] Although the invention of this application and the embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0026] <<Additional portions based on an application claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous application, Patent Application No. 2023-150635.

[0027] In Fig. 1, protons are irradiated onto boron, but as shown in Fig. 6, borane, diborane B2H6, or boron hydride, which is a compound in which boron, protons, and hydrogen atoms are bonded together, may be used for the target part T1. For example, liquefied diborane may be used for the fusion fuel F1 or the target part T1. The system in Fig. 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, so there may be an advantage in that the proton introduction part P1 shown in Fig. 1 etc. is not required.

[0028] Fig. 7 shows the 1F-SYS-RAM system, which pressurizes, compresses, and circulates diborane and irradiates it with muons to induce nuclear fusion. (Fig. 7 is one of the examples and embodiments of Fig. 6.) Fig. 7 is an assumed diagram of the case where a system using the diborane of the present invention is applied to a system in which a known nuclear fusion fuel fluid having a ramjet section circulates in a closed loop system.

[0029] Diborane in the 1F-SYS-RAM system in Figure 7 is pressurized, compressed and circulated by the compressor PUMP. The pressurized fluid diborane is further compressed by the compressor section RAM to form the compressed BH1 section (PBH1 section). Muons are irradiated from the muon irradiator M1 to PBH1, promoting nuclear fusion. (Because diborane is compressed, its density is high, making it easier for it to come into contact with muons, and it is hoped that this will facilitate the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction.)

[0030] The system 1F-SYS-RAM in FIG. 7 has the advantage that protons and boron can be supplied to the system together as diborane, which is a bond between hydrogen and boron. Not only is the proton introduction section P1 unnecessary, but it is also possible to add fuel to the system and remove He (degass) from the system. (Uses the feed control section FEEDC for the helium He removal section, diborane fuel supply section, etc.)

[0031] Also, considering the tendency for impurities with larger atomic numbers than boron to become mixed in, diborane, which is a gas that can be purified, may be better than solid boron. (Solid boron needs to be produced, purified, and refined as a solid crystal.) As mentioned in paragraph 0024 of this application using sodium borohydride NaBH4 as an example, this application is considered to dislike the presence of atoms with atomic numbers larger than the atomic number of the fusion fuel, post-fusion products EX1, or impurities in the fuel.

[0032] In addition, in the systems of Figures 1, 3, 6, 7, etc. of this application, it is not assumed that there are atoms with atomic numbers larger than the atomic number of the fusion fuel, post-nuclear fusion products EX1, or impurities in the path of the muon. For example, it is assumed that there are no atmospheric molecular atoms (such as nitrogen N and oxygen O) with atomic numbers larger than boron B. If nitrogen N exists, it may be trapped. In the configuration of this application, it may be necessary to take care to avoid atoms with atomic numbers larger than the boron fuel (or other candidate elements and atoms such as lithium).

[0033] <Document name>Claims <Claim 1> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system using a nuclear fusion reaction system characterized in that the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles produced by the nuclear fusion reaction is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of atoms of the nuclear fuel material. <Claim 2> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system as described in claim 1, wherein the nuclear fusion fuel contains boron or lithium, and the atoms and particles produced by the nuclear fusion reaction are helium alpha rays. <Claim 3> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system as described in claim 2, wherein the fuel is in a liquid or fluid state. <Claim 4> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system as described in claim 1, which is a system having the characteristic of being less likely to produce neutrons through nuclear fusion reactions, wherein the nuclear fusion fuel uses boron or boron hydride, and the atoms and particles produced by the nuclear fusion reactions are helium alpha rays. <Document Name> Abstract <Abstract><Problem>In known muon catalyzed nuclear fusion, there was a problem that muons are attached, captured, or trapped by helium, which is a product of nuclear fusion, rather than by nuclear fusion fuel materials such as hydrogen, deuterium (D), or tritium (T), and catalytic nuclear fusion stops. We wanted to solve the problem of muons being captured by the product of nuclear fusion rather than by the nuclear fusion fuel material, making it difficult for the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction to proceed. We also wanted to devise a system that is less likely to generate neutrons. <Solution> In muon-catalyzed fusion, a fusion reaction system is used in which the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel.Specifically, a muon-catalyzed fusion system is proposed that uses protons and boron, or diborane, which contains protons and boron as hydrogen molecules, as the fusion fuel.

[0034] <<Additional portions based on applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the earlier applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635 and Patent Application No. 2023-151787.

[0035] <Figure 8: When P1 and M1 in Figure 5 are mixed together as muonic hydrogen on the same ray line and introduced into the target area> In the present invention, protons P1 and muons M1 can be mixed together on the same ray line and irradiated onto a target T1 as shown in Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 5, by using a particle accelerator A1, protons P1 as a fuel and muons M1 as a catalyst can be mixed together on the same ray line and irradiated onto a target T1 containing boron.

[0036] In addition, in this application, as shown in Fig. 5, a particle accelerator A1 or a neutral beam injector NBI can be used to irradiate and inject electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (or, in some cases, electrically neutral muonic hydrogen molecules MP12 consisting of two muonic hydrogen atoms) formed by combining a fuel proton P1 with a catalytic muon M1 (muon M1) into the boron hydride of the target section T1. (Alternatively, MP1 or MP12 can be mixed with boron hydride and injected into the target section for compression.) When muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 are irradiated and injected into the pressurized boron hydride in the target part T1, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and boron hydride are pressurized in the injection path or in the vicinity of the target part T1 (MP1 and boron hydride, and MP12 and boron hydride can also be mixed by pressure inside the gas fluid), and a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride MP1-XBH is formed. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride MP1-XBH is pressurized and transported to the RAM section (RAM), where it is further pressurized and compressed to become the compressed mixture PMP1-XMB. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and MP12 and boron hydride MP1-XBH (compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) compressed in the RAM section increases the temperature during the muon catalyzed reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, which leads to promoting the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction. In addition, the mixture MP1-XMB can be pressurized and compressed to a high temperature using the ram section in a ramjet system, and the mixture MP1-XBH of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1·MP12 and boron hydride can increase the temperature during the muon catalytic reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, as well as cause the muon catalytic reaction to occur under conditions of high temperature and active molecular and particle motion. In this application, muonic hydrogen atoms are used to increase the temperature during the muon catalytic reaction, the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, and the thermal motion of muons, protons, and boron, thereby promoting the muon catalytic nuclear fusion reaction.

[0037] When a single muon (muon beam) is irradiated onto the surface of boron, the surface of lithium, or the surface of a boron hydride gas or fluid, the muons become negatively charged and repel each other, which may make it impossible to gather or compress the muons at one point. Therefore, as shown in Figure 8 of this application, muons are combined with protons of proton-boron fuel to change the charge to neutrons, and the compressed muons and proton-boron fuel are gathered at one place at a high density, bringing more muons and fuel into close proximity to each other and promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *Due to the negative charge of muons, muons may be electrically repelled from one another, making it difficult to compress them into one place. However, by combining muons with protons and hydrogen nuclei (which are also the fuel in boron-proton fusion) and electrically neutralizing them as muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (or MP12), it becomes possible to compress them without the electrical repulsion.

[0038] Lithium hydride has a high melting point and usually exists as a solid or liquid. Lithium hydride is more difficult to turn into a gas than boron hydride. As mentioned above, lithium hydride and solid boron are solid at room temperature and pressure, so they are more difficult to mix than boron hydride, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, and it may be difficult to compress them by pumping them to the ram section. On the other hand, MP1 and MP12, which is thought to be a gas, can be mixed with boron hydride, which is a gas, using pressure or other means to mix, and then pressurize and pump them to the ram section, where they can be further compressed and adiabatically heated.

[0039] While the known DT reaction requires a maximum of two muons, four muons are required for lithium and protons, and six muons are required for boron, so it may be necessary to compress and confine the muons, protons, and boron in a limited space. Compared to known DT reaction systems, the p-11B reaction system considered in this study may require mixing muons and fusion fuel, confining them in one place, increasing the density, and reacting with the fusion fuel. Therefore, in this application, we use the electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atom MP1 and boron hydride, mix them, compress them, confine them in one place, and increase the density to attempt to induce muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion (or muon-assisted nuclear fusion).

[0040] <In-flight muon catalytic fusion> Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 have a smaller Bohr radius and a lower Coulomb barrier (or are easier to tunnel quantum mechanically) than hydrogen atoms consisting of normal protons and electrons, and are expected to fly toward other atoms and easily undergo nuclear fusion (muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion during flight) when they collide with or approach other atoms. Muonic hydrogen atoms that collide with boron at high speed then generate energetic alpha rays, which are used to heat boron hydride, and when the boron hydride passes through the heat exchanger HX, it transfers thermal energy to an external steam generator, etc., and the thermal energy and kinetic energy are transferred from the steam generator supplied with water to the turbine generator 1PP, which rotates and operates the steam turbine generator 1PP to generate electricity.

[0041] In FIG. 8, MP1 or a mixture of MP1 and boron MP1-XMB proceeds from the part MP1 that is the source of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 or the neutral particle beam injector NBI / particle accelerator A1 through a path or route S1 filled with boron hydride (B2H6, etc.) through the nozzle part NZ toward the target part T1 / RAM part RAM. At that time, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 may react with the boron hydride on the path S1. *When MP1 is injected onto the surface of solid boron, molten boron, or solid / liquid lithium hydride, it is expected that a nuclear fusion reaction will occur on the surface and energy will be generated, and as an example of the present application, it may be possible to promote muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion when solid or liquid boron, lithium hydride, or lithium is used as the target T1. (However, it may not be possible to promote nuclear fusion by compressing the mixture / mixed fluid / mixed gas MP1-XMB of MP1 / MP12 and boron hydride as shown in FIG. 8 or above to a high density and high temperature.)

[0042] Symbols etc. <Figure 8> 1F-SYS-MP1, 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM: Nuclear fusion systems using a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and fuel Muonic hydrogen atom MP1: AMP1: Muonic hydrogen atom generating and irradiating unit (particle accelerator A1, neutral particle beam irradiator NBI, etc., capable of generating, injecting and inserting MP1 and MP12) S1: Route S1 (mixture of MP1 and borohydride) MP1-XMB: A mixture of MP1 and boron hydride or diborane, or a mixture of hydrogen and boron, (carbon), nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, etc., or a part or mixture containing a compound in which the raw atomic nuclei with the first atomic number ZA and the raw atomic nuclei with the second atomic number ZAA required for nuclear fusion are chemically bonded. PMP1-XMB: mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as the RAM section. Inertial confinement fusion is known in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (when the RAM section is of the laser confinement / inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be a short wavelength on the blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma ray side so that the momentum of the photons can be increased), and in this application, the target section / mixture may be compressed by a laser in the compression section RAM section. (A muon injection process may be added to the laser confinement type inertial confinement fusion.) The ram section may irradiate lasers, ion beams, or ion beams containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so as to converge on the part containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It may also be an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target type that can compress the raw material atoms and trap them by inertia.) In the RAM section, using a laser or ramjet mechanism, the raw material atoms that are the fuel needed for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, are compressed and heated by a laser or other device while being irradiated with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muon are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to cause nuclear fusion by approach, muon nuclear fusion, and muon catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity with the next raw material atoms, then captured, and this is repeated, making it easier to cause the next catalytic reaction. (Even if liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT cooled to extremely low temperatures is irradiated with muons, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part compressed or heated by a laser or ramjet, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) NZ: Nozzle part 1PP: Steam turbine generator HX: Heat exchanger, steam generator, steam pipe, cooling pipe 1BKT: There may be a blanket, a part that receives flying particles with energy from nuclear fusion reactions such as neutrons and gamma rays, converts them into thermal energy, etc., and can be used as energy. When there is a RAM or reaction vessel near the part where the nuclear reaction occurs, a vessel part RAM for packing and ramming the FEED, or a wall of the reaction vessel, the blanket 1BKT may be placed in the RAM or vessel wall. AEC: Alpha ray energy converter (a device that receives alpha rays and converts them into electricity. An AEC may use alpha rays from titanium oxide or other materials to generate radicals, which decompose water (like in a photocatalytic reaction) to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and then provide or output energy to the outside of the system in the form of hydrogen or chemical energy. *The AEC may be an alpha-voltaic cell. *The AEC part may receive the energy of alpha rays and generate photons of synchrotron radiation (of bremsstrahlung). The energy of the photons of this radiation may be used to cause chemical substances to undergo chemical or photochemical reactions. The photons may be irradiated onto the part to be heated to produce substances, propellants, or steam. Alternatively, the radiation may be converted into photons on the long wavelength side using a means for converting the wavelength of the photons to the long wavelength side, and the long wavelength photons may be received by a photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrically converted to obtain electricity, which may then be outputted from the system, or if the long wavelength photons have energy capable of undergoing a photocatalytic reaction with a photocatalyst, a photocatalytic reaction may be caused to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water, which may then be converted into hydrogen energy. If the long wavelength photons have a wavelength capable of dissociating the bonds within carbon dioxide and nitrogen molecules and causing a photochemical reaction, the carbon dioxide may be dissociated, and the photochemical reaction may be performed, and the carbon dioxide may be converted into energy for chemical substances such as carbon, carbon compounds, and nitrogen compounds, which may then be outputted from the system.

[0043] <Claim 1> A muon catalyzed fusion system, in which the fusion fuel contains protons (P1) and boron (B1), and the atoms / particles generated after the fusion fuel is fused by a muon catalyzed fusion reaction or a muon-based fusion reaction are helium / alpha rays, and the fusion fuel uses boron hydride, and the muon catalyzed fusion system has the characteristic that muonic hydrogen atoms, which are electrically neutralized by binding muons (M1) and protons (P1), are input / injected into the boron hydride to form a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride (MP1-XMB), and further includes a muonic hydrogen atom irradiation means ( A muon catalyzed fusion system having a feature of using a muonic hydrogen atom (NBI) to input / inject muonic hydrogen atoms into the boron hydride, the mixture (MP1-XMB) being pressurized by a first pressurizing means (PUMP), the mixture (MP1-XMB) being mixed by a first pressurizing means (PUMP), the mixture (MP1-XMB) being compressed by a second pressurizing means (PUMP) to a pressure higher than the pressure by the first pressurizing means (becoming a compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) and being heated (Figure 8, 1SYS-MP1). <Claim 2> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system (FIG. 8, 1SYS-MP1-RAM) as described in claim 1, characterized in that the second pressurizing means is performed in a compression section using a ram section (RAM) of a ramjet.

[0044] <<Additional sections based on applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the earlier applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635, Patent Application No. 2023-151787, and Patent Application No. 2023-174791. <<<Example of a system with decreasing atomic number Z>>> In addition to the system using boron-11, this application also discloses a system using nitrogen-15. (At the time of filing, it is necessary to confirm whether nuclear fusion using boron-11 or nitrogen-15 occurs using muons. The system may be a nuclear fusion system, or an experimental system related to atomic nuclei in physics.) The following examples of boron-11 and nitrogen-15 are merely examples of the invention that the present invention is intended to express. As shown in Group A in Figure 2 of the present application, elements with atomic numbers Z ranging from 3 (lithium) to 9 (fluorine) are considered. <<Boron-11 System>> A nuclear fusion reaction is known in which a proton and boron-11 are fused together to produce three helium-4 (alpha particles) and energy. (p+11B->3×4He+8.7MeV) Molecules in which boron and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded may be used as source materials or fusion fuels before the nuclear fusion reaction. For example, boron hydride, borane, or diborane may be used. When using boron hydride, which is a compound of hydrogen and boron-11, the atoms can be brought close to each other in advance because they are bonded within the molecule. When boron and protons are brought close to each other and irradiated with muons, boron is a solid (liquid even when heated to high temperatures), and even if hydrogen raw material is blown into boron, hydrogen comes into contact with the solid surface of boron, and muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion may also occur on the surface of solid boron. Therefore, in this application, by using bulk fluid, gas, or liquid boron hydride in which protons and boron-15, which are the raw materials for the nuclear fusion reaction, are brought close to each other by chemical bonds or covalent bonds, the first raw material atom (proton) and the second raw material molecule (boron-11, the same applies to the case of nitrogen-15 described below) involved in the nuclear fusion reaction can be arranged in an arrangement that makes them easy to come close to each other, or the two raw material atoms are mixed and arranged in close proximity to each other in advance, so boron hydride B2H6, nitrogen hydride NH3, etc. are preferably used. Muons or muonic hydrogen may be irradiated and introduced.

[0045] <<Nitrogen-15 System>> Nuclear fusion reactions are known in which protons and nitrogen-15 are fused together to produce carbon-12, helium-4 (alpha rays), and energy. (In nature, the CNO cycle reaction is known to occur in stars, where nitrogen-15 and protons are fused together to produce carbon-12 and helium-4.) (p+15N->12C+4He+5.0MeV) In the present application, hydrogen molecules and nitrogen-15 molecules consisting only of nitrogen-15 are mixed to form a liquid mixture, a gaseous mixture, or a fluid mixture, and the mixture may be used in a nuclear fusion system to induce nuclear fusion using the muons. As with the boron hydride example, molecules in which nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded, such as ammonia NH3, may be used as the source material or fusion fuel before the nuclear fusion reaction. For example, hydrogen nitride, azan, or ammonia NH3 may be used. (Azan or diazane may be used.) Muons or muonic hydrogen may be irradiated and introduced. <Use of azanes and ammonia molecules, and use of ammonia in liquid and gas form> For example, a muon can be irradiated onto ammonia 15NH3, which is made up of nitrogen 15 and hydrogen, and the muon can bond with and replace the electrons of the nitrogen 15 and hydrogen atoms in the ammonia 15NH3 molecule, shortening the radius of the atoms and bringing the nuclei of the nitrogen 15 and hydrogen atoms closer together, encouraging the fusion of the two nuclei, thereby initiating a nuclear fusion reaction. (A muon can be used to induce a nuclear fusion reaction that produces 12C and 4He from p+15N in a gas, liquid, or fluid ammonia molecule that contains 15N and P.)

[0046] <Utilization of organic compounds and molecules containing nitrogen-15> For example, there is an organic compound CHN15 consisting of carbon, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen, and the compound may be a compound CHN15 in which nitrogen-15 and hydrogen are bonded. Or, the compound CHN15 may be a compound having a molecular structure characterized by the proximity of nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, which are fusion fuel and raw material atoms, within the compound CHN15 molecule. When the organic compound CHN15 is irradiated with muons and the muons bring the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen in CHN15 into close proximity, carbon-12 is produced within the compound, but the muons are intended to continue the catalytic reaction by muons by binding to another nitrogen-15 that exists around the carbon-12 in the bulk of the compound. (For example, an example of a simple compound is methylamine CH3-15NH3, which becomes a liquid, gas, or fluid containing nitrogen-15 (15N).) Although boranes and ammonia are gases, they are toxic and corrosive, and the gas needs to be compressed in a tank, so they need to be handled with care. However, organic compounds that can place hydrogen close to nitrogen-15, such as carbon-nitrogen-15-hydrogen compounds, CHN15, are less corrosive and toxic than borane and ammonia, and can be stored in tanks as gaseous or liquid CHN15 (without compressing or liquefying it in a cylinder and sealing it), and the fuel CHN15 can be transported to areas and power generation systems where it is needed (for example, liquid raw material CHN15 such as volatile oil or hydrocarbon fuel). Then, when it is supplied to a nuclear fusion system, reactor, or reaction furnace, the liquid compound CHN15 can be heated, and the liquid with changed physical properties such as viscosity due to heating, or the substance CHN15 that has become gas or vapor due to heating, can be circulated or compressed inside a reactor with a compression section. By using the compound CHN15, which can also be used as a liquid fusion fuel, it may be possible to transport it within the city like volatile oil while reducing its toxicity and corrosiveness compared to borane and ammonia, making it easier to transport to the power generation system. The compound CHN15 may have the following characteristics: for atoms in the compound, the atomic number ZA of the raw material atom with the largest atomic number that undergoes the nuclear fusion reaction, and the atomic number ZB of the atom generated by the nuclear fusion reaction with the largest atomic number, ZB is equal to or less than the atomic number ZA; in the case of using nitrogen-15, the raw material atom nitrogen-15 has atomic number 7 (the atomic number ZA is 7), and carbon-12 produced by the reaction of nitrogen-15 with a proton has atomic number 6 (the atomic number ZB is 6), and the atomic number ZB is equal to or less than the atomic number ZA. In the case of using nitrogen-15, even if carbon-12 is produced by a nuclear fusion reaction, the carbon-12 contained in the original compound CHN15 (for example, as the carbon skeleton of an organic compound) and the positive charge of the nucleus are the same, and it is assumed that the muon moves toward another nitrogen-15 whose nucleus has a more positive charge than the carbon-12 produced, is captured by nitrogen-15, produces carbon-12 and helium, and is then re-captured by nitrogen-15 repeatedly, causing the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction to continue.

[0047] <Cross-sectional area> In terms of cross section of the nuclear reaction (*Reference B), *Hydrogen 1-H-1: 33.22 barns, *1-H-2: 4.70 *Lithium 6: 942.1 *Lithium 7: 1.22 *Beryllium 9: 7.33 *Boron 11: 5.96 *Nitrogen 15: 5.35 barns. Others are Fluorine 9: 4.23 and Carbon 12: 5.57. The cross sections of Nitrogen 15 and Boron 11 are between 5 and 6 barns. On the other hand, the cross section of Lithium 7 is about 1, which is smaller than the cross section of the Nitrogen-Boron case, so it may be preferable to use Boron 11 or Nitrogen 15 in terms of cross section. [*Reference B: Japan Atomic Energy Agency website https: / / wwwndc.jaea.go.jp / jendl / j33 / J33_J.html, Internet, accessed November 17, 2023. The neutrons in each table are quoted from the Maxwellian Average of MT1. Although the cross section may differ in a system using actual muons and atoms, this is stated to consider the cross section during muon fusion by comparing burn values ​​under the same conditions between isotopes. 〇Reference B: JENDL-3.3 - JAEA Nuclear Data Center K. Shibata, T. Kawano, T. Nakagawa, O. Iwamoto, J. Katakura, T. Fukahori, S. Chiba, A. Hasegawa, T. Murata,H. Matsunobu, T. Ohsawa, Y. Nakajima, T. Yoshida, A. Zukeran, M. Kawai, M. Baba, M. Ishikawa, T. Asami, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, M. Igashira, N. Yamamuro, H. Kitazawa, N. Yamano and H. Takano: "Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version 3 Revision-3: JENDL-3.3," J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, 1125 (2002). (Eds.) T. Nakagawa, H. Kawasaki and K. Shibata: "Curves and Tables of Neutron Cross Sections in JENDL-3.3 (Part I and II)," JAERI-Data / Code 2002-020, Part I, Part II (2002).(Ed.) K. Shibata: "Descriptive Data of JENDL-3.3 (Part I and II)," JAERI-Data / Code 2002-026, Part I, Part II (2003).]

[0048] <Lithium-based systems> <Lithium 7> The system using lithium 7 and protons has a low cross-sectional area, is difficult to turn into gas molecules, and exists as a solid liquid. Although it is used as a material for lithium ion batteries and the amount of resources is limited, it is disclosed as one example in this application. When using lithium, lithium hydride consisting of lithium 7 and hydrogen can be used. Muons are irradiated onto the surface of the liquid lithium hydride. p+7Li->2×4He+17.2MeV <Lithium 6> When lithium 6 (in this application, deuterium 6Li) and deuterium D are used (when lithium 6 deuteride, 6LiD is used), it is presumed that the cross section of the nuclear fusion reaction of lithium 6 is larger than that of lithium 7, which is advantageous for the nuclear fusion reaction. In this case, the compound of lithium 6 and deuterium D, which is the source material FEED, may be heated by heating means RAMH, for example, by laser, radio wave, or electromagnetic wave. Alternatively, the mixture, FEED, and / or its containment vessel (the vessel or portion that holds the FEED in the reaction system) may be heated by heating means such as an electric resistance heater or an electric heating means, and the mixture FEED may be in a bulk liquid state. *Lithium 6 deuteride (6LiD), which is a bulk liquid that can be irradiated with muons, may also be used. Note that when deuterium D and lithium 6 are used as shown below, a reaction that produces alpha rays, helium 4, protons, neutrons, etc. may occur. (Reaction formulas related to lithium are shown in Group B of Figure 2.) D+6Li->2×4He(alpha ray)+22.4MeV D+6Li->7Li+p+5.0MeV D+6Li->4He(alpha ray)+p+2.6MeV D+6Li->3He(Helium 3)+4He+n+1.8MeV *It may be possible to chemically bond (ionically bond) lithium 6, which has a larger cross-sectional area than lithium 7, with deuterium to form a source material FEED, and place the source material FEED in the target section T1, FP, PBH1, or PMP1-XMB, which may be heated by a heating means RAMH, and irradiate or inject muons (muonic atoms) into the FEED placed therein to promote nuclear fusion using muons (and connect to a nuclear fusion system, nuclear fusion reactor, or nuclear fusion reactor). As described above, in the case of an invention or device in which lithium 6, which has a large cross-sectional area, is chemically bonded with deuterium to form a source material FEED, the cross-sectional area can be made larger than when lithium 7, boron 11, nitrogen 15, or oxygen 18 is used with hydrogen or deuterium for nuclear fusion or muon nuclear fusion, which has the advantage of making it easier to achieve nuclear fusion.

[0049] <Beryllium-based systems> This is disclosed as one example of the present application. A system in which beryllium 9 and protons undergo a nuclear fusion reaction may be used. Beryllium hydride (BeH2) may be used as a source material to be irradiated when irradiating muons. Beryllium hydride is a solid and dissociates near its melting point, so it is difficult and impossible to use as a fluid in a nuclear fusion system. p+9Be->4He+6Li+2.1MeV p+9Be->d+2×4He+0.6MeV Beryllium-9 is a stable isotope of natural beryllium and accounts for 100% of beryllium, so an isotope separation process may be unnecessary. Beryllium-9 has a larger cross section than lithium-7 (a lithium isotope that exists in large proportions in nature) (as well as boron-11 and nitrogen-15), and may be advantageous when using the present system in terms of cross section. Beryllium boron hydride Be(BH4)2 is a compound consisting of boron, beryllium, hydrogen, and protons, and is a compound, inorganic compound, or inorganic polymer compound that can be arranged in a state in which boron-11 or beryllium-9 and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded and placed in close proximity, and can also be used as one form of the present invention. This substance can be used as a liquid or solid. The reaction of boron-11 (Z=5) produces helium (Z=2), and the reaction of beryllium-9 (Z=4) produces lithium (Z=3) and helium and deuterium. However, the final product ZB group (helium, lithium, deuterium, ZB is 3) produced by these two reactions is the ZA group of fusion source atoms (boron-11, beryllium-9, hydrogen, ZA is 11 or 9). Since the ZA group of fusion source atoms has a larger positive charge than the final product lithium-6, which has a positive charge of 3, it can be assumed that negative muons will be more easily captured by the fusion source atoms and can be utilized.

[0050] <Resources, etc.> In terms of the amount of resources in the universe and the Earth's sphere, oxygen-18 and oxygen-17, which are the magic number 8 oxygen, may be predominant. Nitrogen-15 and boron-11 are also predominant. Oxygen-18 and nitrogen-15 are contained in atmospheric nitrogen, and can be separated from other isotopes of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen through oxygen and nitrogen distillation processes. Carbon is also abundant. As the atomic number increases, there are effects such as the muon decaying into an electron and a neutrino due to weak interactions (the lifetime of a negative muon decreases), and since we want to take into consideration the effect of this in nitrogen-15 (Z=7), which has a larger Z than lithium (Z=3), this application does not restrict the use of lithium. (Since the lifetime of a negative muon is close to microseconds when Z=1 to Z=10, if the time it acts as a catalyst in the nuclear fusion reaction can be kept to about microseconds, atoms up to Z=10 can be used as candidates for the raw material atoms of the present system. Or up to Z=20, etc. The lifetime of the negative muon can be taken into consideration.) In this application, elements with Z=9 to 3 are preferably considered, and lithium-6, oxygen-18, nitrogen-15, and boron-11 are disclosed as examples, and examples of using compounds in which these are chemically bonded with protons and deuterium as the second raw material are disclosed.

[0051] <Fluorine-based systems> In an experimental system, a nuclear fusion system can be used to produce oxygen-16 (Z=8) and helium from fluorine-19 (Z=9) and protons. Muons can also be irradiated onto hydrogen fluoride, which is a combination of fluorine-19 and protons. (Hydrogen fluoride is highly toxic.)

[0052] <Systems using oxygen> A nuclear fusion system may be used to produce nitrogen-15 and helium from oxygen-18 and protons. Muons may also be irradiated onto hydrogen oxide and water H2O (liquid, gas, vapor, or fluid water H2O) that are formed by combining oxygen-18 and protons. In this case, nitrogen-15 is obtained (reaction formula is Group A in Figure 2 of this application), which may then be used in a nuclear fusion reaction to produce carbon-12 and helium by reacting nitrogen-15 with protons as described above. Oxygen-18 is present at 0.2 percent. For example, it exists as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus, and rocks on the Moon, Mars, and Venus asteroids (which may contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, etc.) contain oxygen atoms combined with metallic elements (silicon, aluminum, iron, etc.), making them an easy-to-obtain resource and potentially extractable during space travel. For oxygen isotopes, the desired oxygen isotope may be separated from atmospheric oxygen or from materials combined with oxygen on celestial bodies (oxygen obtained by reducing rocks containing silicon oxide, etc.) using known separation processes. Oxygen-17 and protons may also be used.

[0053] <<An example in which the atomic number Z does not decrease but the raw material atom is chemically bonded to another raw material atom>> As one example of the present application, the atomic number ZB that undergoes the nuclear fusion reaction is equal to or greater than the atomic number ZA, and an example is disclosed in which a first raw material atom ZA and a second raw material atom ZB are contained in the same compound molecule. <Carbon-based systems> In an experimental system, muons may be irradiated onto hydrocarbons containing protons and carbon. Molecules in which carbon and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded may be used as source materials or fusion fuels before the nuclear fusion reaction. For example, organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, such as hydrocarbons and methane, may be used. Muons or muonic hydrogen may be irradiated or injected into organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, such as methane. In the system using carbon and the system using the hydrocarbon / organic matter such as methane, the hydrocarbon / organic matter such as methane (gas / fluid) may be compressed in a compression section PUMP RAM as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, and muons such as muonic hydrogen atoms or muons may be introduced into the compressed area (target section T1, FP, PBH1, PMP1-XMB) to promote muon nuclear fusion at the compressed area. When using hydrocarbon gases such as methane and propane, existing gas transportation, transport, and storage infrastructure can be used. Gas piping, pipelines, valves, pumps, etc. can be reused. (On the other hand, gases such as ammonia and borohydride may require dedicated infrastructure, piping, and pumps.) (When a negative muon approaches an atomic nucleus, it weakly interacts with the protons in the nucleus, changing the protons in the nucleus into neutrons and transforming it into a nucleus with a smaller atomic number by one. When carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, it becomes boron-11, and it is expected that the muon that arrives again will cause the boron-11 to react with hydrogen atoms and protons.) <Nuclear fusion between carbon and carbon, carbon combustion, nuclear fusion reactions with atoms with Z equal to or greater than carbon> As shown in Fig. 9, for a raw material FEED of an organic compound in which carbon atoms are bonded together, the FEED may be heated (or compressed) using a heating / compression means such as RAM or RAMH, while muons and muonic atoms may be irradiated and introduced into the FEED to induce the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction between the carbon atoms using muons. In addition, for the purpose of experiments or for the purpose of nuclear transmutation or artificially synthesizing elements with a larger atomic number Z, the muonic carbon atom, which is a carbon atom within a muonic atom, may be collided with another atom to induce nuclear fusion. In addition to nuclear fusion between carbon atoms, nuclear fusion between oxygen atoms in an oxygen combustion process, a silicon combustion process, and nuclear fusion reactions between elements with a larger atomic number Z may be attempted in the system of the present invention.

[0054] <System capable of heating or compressing the raw material FEED> As a configuration that can further compress and heat in the RAM section (RAMH section) than the configuration in Figure 8, Figure 9 discloses a system that can irradiate the target section from the source of (multiple) lasers, ion beams, microwaves, etc. and heat the FEED in the target section. (Compression may also be possible with lasers or ion beams.) Figure 9 is an example of the 1F-SYS system having a compression section and a heating section for the source material FEED. (The figures are examples and are not limited to the experimental system, reaction system, equipment, structure, and arrangement shown in the figures. For example, Figures 8 and 9 show a configuration in which the FEED circulates in a closed cycle, but the FEED may be stored in a closed container or a batch-type container, and a heating section RAMH may be provided in the container or reaction section storing the FEED, and the FEED may be irradiated with muons or muonic atoms while being heated in the heating section RAMH. As in laser confinement inertial fusion, a laser may be irradiated (from a light source section that may be multiple light source sections) on a container storing the FEED, and the FEED may be confined and heated by the laser. The FEED may be heated by irradiating a container storing the FEED with electromagnetic waves such as laser, millimeter waves, microwaves, electromagnetic induction, particle-based ion beams, and particle beams.) For example, the compression unit RAM in Fig. 9 may be capable of irradiating laser or ion beam. It may be capable of laser compression. It may also be capable of heating by laser, photon, electromagnetic wave, electric field, magnetic field, radio wave, or beam. Example 3

[0055] As one embodiment of the present application, Figures 7, 8 and 9 are explanatory diagrams of a nuclear fusion system using a source material FEED containing source atoms in its molecules, the nuclear fusion system having a process of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, the source atoms containing two or more source atoms of a first atomic number ZA, or containing one or more atoms of a first atomic number ZA and one or more source atoms of a second atomic number ZAA, the source atoms of the first atomic number ZA and the source atoms of the second atomic number ZAA to be nuclear fused being contained in the source material by chemical bonds, covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Example 4

[0056] 9 is an explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system including a step of irradiating and injecting muon and muonic atoms into the source material FEED, the system being equipped with a heating means RAMH and a compression means RAM for the source material FEED. The heating means RAMH may be, for example, a heating means using laser heating, ion beam heating, microwaves, millimeter waves, electric fields, magnetic fields, or electromagnetic induction. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a fusion system that includes a step of irradiating and injecting muon / muonic atoms into the FEED, for example, an inertial confinement fusion system in which a laser is irradiated (from a light source unit which may be multiple light sources) and confined by the laser, or a fusion system which may be heated by a laser. Alternatively, Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system in which electromagnetic waves such as laser, millimeter waves, microwaves, electromagnetic induction, particle-based ion beams, particle beams, and millimeter waves are irradiated onto a container containing a FEED to heat the FEED (in some cases, for example, an ion beam is aimed at a single point and emitted, and multiple ion beams are irradiated toward a single point FP, T1 on the FEED, and the ion beam traveling toward the single point compresses, packs, or rams the FEED, thereby compressing, or heating it), and which includes a process of irradiating and injecting muons and muonic atoms into the FEED. Example 5

[0057] As one embodiment of the present application, the lower part of FIG. 3 (B) of the present application is an explanatory diagram of a system in which lithium deuteride 6 is placed in a source material FEED in a solid, liquid or molten state (preferably in a liquid or molten state when it is considered that the source atoms can move by heat and approach each other easily), in a target section T1, and muons (muonic atoms) are irradiated and introduced into the lithium deuteride 6. In FIG. 3 (B), the lithium deuteride 6 in T1 and the FEED section may be heated using a heating means RAMH. (The FEED may be heated to melt and become liquid using the heating means RAMH.) *The intention is to chemically bond lithium 6, which has a larger cross-sectional area than lithium 7, with deuterium to form a raw material FEED, and place the raw material FEED in the target section T1, FP, PBH1, or PMP1-XMB, which may be heated by a heating means RAMH, and irradiate and inject muons (muonic atoms) into the placed FEED to promote nuclear fusion using muons, leading to a nuclear fusion system, nuclear fusion reactor, or nuclear fusion reactor. When lithium-6, which has a large cross section, is chemically bonded with deuterium to form the source material FEED, the cross section can be made larger than when lithium-7, boron-11, nitrogen-15, or oxygen-18 is used with hydrogen or deuterium for nuclear fusion or muon nuclear fusion, which has the advantage of making it easier to achieve nuclear fusion. Between lithium 7 and lithium 6, lithium 6 is more preferable in terms of cross section, and it is more preferable to use lithium 6 and deuterium. When using lithium 7, there is a problem of small cross section, so in one example of the present application, it is possible to limit the use to lithium 6 and deuterium to increase the cross section and try to solve the problem of small cross section.

[0058] Symbols etc. <Figure 9> PMP1-XMB: mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as the RAM section. Inertial confinement fusion is known in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (when the RAM section is of the laser confinement / inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be a short wavelength on the blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma ray side so that the momentum of the photons can be increased), and in this application, the target section / mixture may be compressed by a laser in the compression section RAM section. (A muon injection process may be added to the laser confinement type inertial confinement fusion.) The ram section may irradiate lasers, ion beams, or ion beams containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so as to converge on the part containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It may also be an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target type that can compress the raw material atoms and confine them by inertia.) In the RAM section, using a laser or ramjet mechanism, the raw material atoms that are the fuel needed for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, are compressed and heated by a laser or other device while being irradiated with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muon are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to cause nuclear fusion by approach, muon nuclear fusion, and muon catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity with the next raw material atoms, then captured, and this is repeated, making it easier to cause the next catalytic reaction. (Even if liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT cooled to an extremely low temperature of a few Kelvin is irradiated with muons, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet, etc., a proximity effect due to compression and thermal motion can be expected.) RAMH: Heating means. (May be included in the RAM section. Means that can remotely irradiate a substance with electromagnetic waves or photons, such as lasers or microwaves, and can heat the substance. For example, in a system using water, hydrogen oxide, and muons, the water can be heated by microwaves. Alternatively, the substance may be electromagnetically inductively heated.) For example, when using hydrocarbon as the source material and using muons in the configurations of Figures 8 and 9 to induce nuclear fusion in carbon and hydrogen atoms that are chemically bonded and close to each other in the hydrocarbon, Figure 9 allows for heating of the source material with a laser or the like, so the movement of atoms and particles in the source material becomes more active as the temperature increases with heating means such as a laser, which may have the effect of promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. (Laser heating, or ion beam or neutral particle beam / NBI, ion beam or neutral particle beam / NBI containing source atoms, particle beam combining muons and ions / source atoms, millimeter waves, microwaves, and other heating means are also acceptable.) The RAM and RAMH may be capable of laser irradiation or ion beam irradiation, laser compression, or laser heating. PUMP: Compressor, pump, motor FEED: Source material (e.g. boron hydride, (hydrocarbon), hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, etc.) (Liquid or solid targets such as lithium deuteride are also acceptable. The material that serves as the raw material for the nuclear fusion reaction.) FEEDC: Feed control section. It may also include a feed / raw material supply section, a fuel supply section, and a section for removing post-nuclear fusion products such as helium. FP: Nuclear Fusion (Promotion) Department

[0059] <Claims> <Claim NB1> 1. A nuclear fusion system using a source material including source atoms, The source material is a nuclear fusion system using a fluid, gas, or liquid source material, A nuclear fusion system having a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, The raw material atoms include two or more raw material atoms having a first atomic number ZA, or include one or more raw material atoms having a first atomic number ZA and one or more raw material atoms having a second atomic number ZAA, A nuclear fusion system characterized in that, where ZA is the raw atom with the largest atomic number that undergoes a nuclear fusion reaction, and ZB is the atom with the largest atomic number among the atoms or particles produced by the nuclear fusion reaction, ZB is equal to or smaller than ZA. <Claim NB2> A nuclear fusion system as described in claim NB1, characterized in that the atom of the first atomic number ZA to be fused and the raw material atom of the second atomic number ZAA are contained in the raw material material by chemical bonds, covalent bonds, or ionic bonds. <Claim NB3> A nuclear fusion system as described in claim NB1, wherein the first atom of atomic number ZA is boron-11 and nitrogen-15, and the raw atom of second atomic number ZAA is hydrogen and a proton. <Claim NB4> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system having a feature of injecting or injecting into the nuclear fusion fuel material atoms or particles in which muons are bonded or attached to atomic nuclei, or muonic atoms. <Claim NB5> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system characterized in that after muons or muonic atoms are injected into the nuclear fusion fuel material, the nuclear fusion fuel material is pressurized by a pressurizing means. <Claim NB6> The muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system according to claim NB1, characterized in that after muons or muonic atoms are injected into the nuclear fusion fuel material, the nuclear fusion fuel material is mixed by a pressurizing means. <Claim MMF1> 1. A nuclear fusion system using a source material including source atoms, A nuclear fusion system having a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, (The raw material atoms include two or more raw material atoms having a first atomic number ZA, or include one or more raw material atoms having a first atomic number ZA and one or more raw material atoms having a second atomic number ZAA, A nuclear fusion system characterized in that the source atoms to be fused (or a first source atom having atomic number ZA and a second source atom having atomic number ZAA) are contained in said source materials by chemical, covalent or ionic bonds. <Claim MMF2> The nuclear fusion system of claim MMF1, wherein the atom of the first atomic number ZA is boron-11 and nitrogen-15 and the raw material atom of the second atomic number ZAA is hydrogen and a proton, or the atom of the first atomic number ZA is lithium-6 and the raw material atom of the second atomic number ZAA is deuterium. <Claim MMF3> The nuclear fusion system of claim MMF1, wherein the atom of first atomic number ZA is carbon and the source atom of second atomic number ZAA is hydrogen and a proton (the source material is methane, a hydrocarbon, an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen bonds). <Claim MMF4> 1. A nuclear fusion system using a source material including source atoms, A nuclear fusion system having a process of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, the source material being a (liquid) lithium deuteride formed by chemically bonding lithium 6 and deuterium. <Claim MHF1> A nuclear fusion system having a heating means RAMH for a source material FEED, the nuclear fusion system including a step of irradiating and injecting muons and muonic atoms into the source material FEED. <Claim MHF2> The heating method RAMH uses heating by irradiating the raw material FEED with laser, ion beam, particle beam, neutral particle beam, ion beam containing raw material atoms, neutral particle beam, particle beam combining muon and ion, raw material atoms. Alternatively, the nuclear fusion system according to claim MHF1 is characterized in that heating by radio waves, millimeter waves, microwaves, electric fields, or electromagnetic induction is used for FEED of the source material. <Document Name> Abstract <Abstract><Problem>In known muon catalyzed nuclear fusion, there was a problem with the fusion fuel materials such as hydrogen, deuterium D, and tritium T, where muons attach to, are captured, or trapped by helium, a product of nuclear fusion, causing the catalytic nuclear fusion to stop. We wanted to solve the problem of muons being captured by the product of nuclear fusion rather than the fusion fuel material, making it difficult for the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction to proceed. <Solution> We disclose a system in which a fusion fuel material / raw material contains a chemically bonded raw material atom with a first atomic number ZA and a raw material atom with a second atomic number ZAA in a muon-based nuclear fusion. We propose a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system using lithium hydride containing lithium-6 and deuterium, diborane containing protons and boron-11, or ammonia containing protons and nitrogen-15. We also propose a muon-based nuclear fusion system equipped with a heating means and compression means.

[0060] <<Additional sections based on applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the earlier applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635, Patent Application No. 2023-151787, Patent Application No. 2023-174791, and Patent Application No. 2023-196029. <Document Name> Abstract <Abstract><Challenge>We want to make it easier to replace the muon target without shutting down the muon fusion reactor. (We want to reduce the downtime when replacing the target. We want to extend the target life.) We also want to miniaturize the muon generation unit and accelerator. <Solution> A wedge-shaped or thin disk or plate (insertable) movable target is used in a circular accelerator (Fixed Field Strong Convergence Accelerator (FFAG accelerator, MERIT ring, MERIT accelerator *MERIT: Multiple Energy Recovery Internal Target). The movable target may be replaceable by a replacement device, or may be equipped with a movable target part and a muon capture solenoid / muon extraction part, and the movable target part may be moved in and out or back and forth from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the accelerator (the MOVE part in Figure 12). Pions and muons may be generated by irradiating the movable target with a proton particle beam. <Mode for carrying out the invention>

[0061] <Problem>Problem that the invention aims to solve <Challenges of muon target activation, replacement, maintenance, and reducing downtime when muons cannot be generated> When generating muons, an accelerated high-energy proton beam is irradiated onto a muon generation target made of carbon or lithium to generate pions, pions, and muons. The pion / muon generation target, or muon target, which is irradiated with the proton beam during this process, deteriorates and becomes radioactive with use, and must be replaced. The target becomes highly radioactive to a level that makes it difficult for humans to approach it. Replacing the muon target requires shutting down the muon generator and muon fusion system, so a rotating muon target has been developed that distributes and averages the irradiated time to other parts of a rotatable disk by rotating the target. In muon fusion systems, if the replacement or maintenance of the muon target could be performed without stopping the muon generation unit while the muon fusion system is running (and the downtime when muons cannot be generated could be reduced), this might be commercially advantageous (for example, a muon fusion power plant would not have to stop generating power for a span of three weeks once every six months to replace the muon target).

[0062] <Solution> Means for solving the problem, mode for carrying out the invention <Extending muon target life and reducing downtime with rotating muon target MU-DISK-TGT> In the circular accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING (FFAG accelerator 2MU-FFAG, MERIT ring and MERIT accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING), the muon target is arranged to protrude in a wedge shape (especially in the MERIT-type ring), and is either a grinding wheel-shaped rotating target with a thin and sharp outer periphery (protruding in a sharp shape / wedge shape) or a record / disk-shaped rotating target MU-DISK-TGT with a thin, thin and sharp outer periphery like a rotating saw (a thin and thin disk with a sharp outer periphery tip or a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT in Figures 10, 11 and 12), in order to suppress and average the activation of the MERIT-type wedge-shaped muon target (fixed muon target), extend the muon target's lifetime, delay activation, and increase the time the muon target can be used. * For example, a rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT or MU-DISK-TGT may be configured as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12, which may be a wedge or triangle with one side of the cross section of the disk becoming thinner toward the outer periphery (or a thin disk), and a movable muon target unit (2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT) may be configured which is equipped with a rotation means such as a motor for rotating the rotating muon target and a rotation support means such as a bearing, and the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT or MU-DISK-TGT may be capable of being inserted (or removed) from the particle beam orbit part of the accelerator (2MU-FFAG, 2MU-ACC-RING, 2MU-MERIT-RING) toward the particle orbit on the outer periphery of the accelerator. The rotating muon target part 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT may be provided in the target part or pion muon generation part of the muon generator 2MU. (※If we think of the circular accelerator as a doughnut, we can insert, extract, and move a rotating muon target like a rotating saw in the poloidal direction into the outer periphery of the doughnut, where particles circulate, at the protruding wedge of the MERIT ring. A rotating target that can make cuts in the ring with a rotating saw or perform an operation like pulling it out can be inserted and removed into the 2MU-MERIT-RING in Figures 10 and 12.) *As shown in Figure 10, a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT or a rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT with a thin, plate-shaped movable part (the target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT may be rotatable, and the shape of the target may be a wedge shape, a shape with a thin part protruding from the ring part, or a thin plate shape so that the particles can recover their energy again inside the MERIT ring or circular accelerator after the MERIT particle beam hits the target. *In Figure 10, the rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT (wedge-shaped, with a thinned part) is inserted into a part of the outer periphery of the accelerator cross section (so as to collide with the orbit of the accelerated particle beam orbiting the outer periphery) like a rotating saw that cuts the outer periphery where the particles pass so as to be perpendicular to the circular, doughnut-shaped toroidal direction of the vacuumed particle accelerator, circular accelerator, FFAG, and MERIT ring, and can rotate. In Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13, the particle accelerator may be operated and rotated, or the movable muon target may be inserted and moved (MOVE), and the movable muon target may be exchanged (EXCHANGE / SET) while maintaining the vacuum. A motor (MU-TGT-MOT) and bearings (MU-TGT-BRG) are used for rotation. The wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT attached to the axis (AXIS-TGT-BRG) rotates across the outer periphery of the circular accelerator FFAG MERIT ring (a part of the outer periphery of the ring doughnut. *Cross-section CS of Figure 10, cross-section CS from point CSP1 to CSP2.) <Replacement of muon target during activation and removal of activated part> In addition, when a wedge-shaped rotating muon target is activated, the activated tip can be cut, milled, or cut off to remove the activated part, and the weakly activated part can be recycled and reused. Machines and robots can also be used for unmanned operation. In the case of a rotating muon target, activation occurs near the wedge-shaped, thinned portion compared to a fixed target or a thick rotating target, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness and volume of the area irradiated with the proton ion beam, and is expected to lead to a reduction in activated radioactive waste. <A system for cutting and maintaining the beam-irradiated part of the rotating muon target where muon target activation is progressing during muon generation operation and accelerator operation, and for grinding and removing the activated part with a grindstone. A system for cutting, grinding and removing the target before it becomes highly activated during muon generation operation, accelerator operation and device operation.> Wedge-shaped rotating muon target As shown in the right figure of Figure 11, the rotating target part may be ground or removed by bringing a grindstone or a device capable of grinding and removing part of the target close to the irradiated part of the disk while rotating during the operation of the muon generation part, accelerator and MERIT ring. The activated part may also be ground, cut or removed by a grinding and removing device. (If grinding is exhausted and it is not possible to grind it down, or if the surface of the disk cannot be formed by grinding during operation, it may be replaced with a new disk by a disk exchange machine or robot arm.) <Use in space> The present application also contemplates use of the accelerator system as a power unit for a spacecraft. The accelerator system may use the vacuum environment of space for the parts that require a vacuum.

[0063] <Automated replacement of movable muon targets> As an example of a system for replacing or exchanging a wedge-shaped rotating muon target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation, and a system for replacing the target when the muon target extraction port is fixed in one place, a system capable of replacing the muon target is shown in FIG. 10.

[0064] For example, a device / robot part (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM (JUKE BOX MACHINE LIKE)) that can replace records / disks (wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) by a robot arm or the like like a jukebox, and a magazine part / disk holder / arm (2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM) that can rotate by a rotation means 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT and multiple wedge-shaped rotating muon targets MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGTs (like the rotating magazine of a revolver) and a rotatable axis (2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS) by a motor or the like (2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT) may be mounted, and the wedge-shaped rotating muon target may be replaced by rotating the arm. The replacement may be automated.

[0065] Figure 12 shows the replacement and exchange system for the wedge-shaped rotating target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation (when muon extraction ports and solenoids are located in two locations, and one of the extraction ports is stopped and its target is replaced). Two systems are required for the muon extraction port, solenoid, and muon irradiation system for the fusion fuel, but there is no need for the aforementioned replacement rotation mechanism, and the irradiation system and target T1 in the fusion reaction section can also be two systems, with the intention of reducing downtime when power cannot be generated. (There are two systems in Figure 12, but multiple systems are also possible.) In Fig. 12, a wedge-shaped rotating target unit, a muon capture solenoid, and two or more muon extraction units are provided, and the movable muon target unit and wedge-shaped rotating target unit MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT can be inserted and removed, moved back and forth, and inserted (at the MOVE point in Fig. 12) from the outer periphery of the accelerator to the inner periphery. The movable target unit is moved (MOVE), pushed out, inserted, extracted, and pulled back into the MERIT ring, and the proton beam is controlled to collide or not collide with the wedge-shaped rotating target unit by the MOVE step and the insertion and extraction step, and the pion-muon generation at one of the extraction ports can be controlled on and off. When replacing the target unit in Fig. 12, it is completely extracted and pulled back from the MERIT ring for maintenance replacement. Replacement and other operations can be automated using a machine or robot (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM).

[0066] <Challenges> <Miniaturization of devices that generate muons, and the need for small accelerators and small muon generators> It is preferable to miniaturize the system that generates muons (accelerator, accelerating cavity, bending magnet). When installing the above-mentioned nuclear fusion system in transportation equipment, spacecraft, spaceships, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, various facilities, and robots, it is preferable to reduce the size of the system including the accelerator and muon generator.

[0067] <Solution> Means for solving the problem, mode for carrying out the invention Regarding the muon generation unit, the Multiple Energy Recovery Internal Target method (MERIT method) using a circular accelerator, a fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG accelerator, FFAG: Fixed Field Alternating Gradient, an accelerator with a constant magnetic field (static magnetic field) and a magnetic field shape that alternates the gradient direction), is known as a high-intensity muon source. A wedge-shaped target such as a proton is placed on the beam orbit inside the ring, and the beam is circulated, stored, accumulated, and accelerated, while at the same time irradiating the target with the beam to generate secondary particles. And even for the beam that has been irradiated to the target once and has not reacted with the target, it is accelerated again to recover energy, and by continuing to hit the target many times, it is possible to generate secondary particles with high efficiency, and this method may be used in the muon generation unit M1 / particle accelerator of the present application.

[0068] In the MERIT method, protons injected into the center of the MERIT ring transition to an outer orbit as they accelerate and rotate inside the ring, and then enter the muon target, which protrudes outward like a wedge or thin plate, generating pions and muons. The protons are then accelerated again, their energy is restored, and they collide with the target again to generate pions and muons. The generated pions and muons are introduced and injected into a muon capture and transport solenoid (MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID in Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13), and then those containing muons are irradiated and injected into the target section T1 (isotope-selected lithium hydride (lithium deuteride 6), boron hydride, hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, hydrogen fluoride, etc., hydrocarbons, etc., source material) and fusion reaction section FP of the muon fusion system 1F-SYS (which may pass through an acceleration section, deflection section, or various devices as necessary, and may remain muons, become neutral particle beams, or become muonic atoms) as muon fusion system 1F-SYS. As mentioned above, in this application, the movable muon target section MU-MOVABLE-TGT and the wedge-shaped rotating target section MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT may be used as the muon target. By using a wedge-shaped rotating target section, the target may have a longer life than a fixed wedge-shaped target. The configuration shown in Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 is intended to miniaturize the muon generation device and extend the life of the target device (by extending the activation time).

[0069] <Acceleration Cavity> A synchrotron or circular accelerator that produces muons may include an accelerating cavity that performs the acceleration, and bending magnets (such as quadrupole magnets) that control, focus, or bend the trajectory of the accelerated particles or protons. Regarding the accelerating cavity, it is known that a copper cavity is plated and coated with niobium to make it a superconductor, and a superconducting accelerating cavity is used, which can reduce power consumption and may be used. Furthermore, proton / ion / particle acceleration methods utilizing plasma with a high-intensity laser (laser plasma-driven ion / electron acceleration, laser wake field acceleration (LWFA), and those using the ponderomotive force of a laser) are publicly known, and the acceleration cavity portion can be made small by using a cavity capable of laser particle acceleration (considered to be preferable when used for the acceleration cavity portion of the muon generation portion of a muon fusion reactor mounted on moving equipment such as transportation equipment, spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, exploration robots, etc., which are preferably small in size), so a laser-based accelerator or muon generator may be constructed using the proton acceleration method utilizing plasma with a laser, LWFA, etc.

[0070] <Bending magnet> <Muon capture and transport solenoid, conductors and wires in the proposed system> 〇Superconductors may be used for the bending magnets, quadrupole electromagnets, and muon capture solenoids.Superconductors may be used for the bending magnets, quadrupole electromagnets, and muon capture solenoids. A conductor 1WIRE in which a capacitor portion consisting of an insulator, a material portion, and a gate electrode of a transistor can be charged by a voltage applied to a gate electrode disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-123161 (for the purpose of avoiding problems such as increasing the conductivity of carbon materials, or making the conductor wires lighter by changing them from copper to carbon-based materials, reducing the amount of copper used, eliminating the cooling procedure and cooling equipment for superconductivity, and refraining from using substances with long half-lives when radioactive, such as niobium, for the conductor wire portion, bending magnet, quadrupole electromagnet, and muon capture solenoid portion of the present system, and an element in which a carrier introduction portion (104) is formed in a material portion (101) by applying a voltage (VGS) between a first electrode (106) and a second electrode (102), and the conductivity of the material portion (101) including the carrier introduction portion (104) can be changed, and the material portion (101) of the element includes a channel portion of a transistor and the carrier introduction portion (10 4) includes the channel portion, the first electrode (106) of the element is the gate electrode (106) of a transistor, the second electrode (102) of the element is the source electrode (102) of a transistor, and the element has a characteristic that a capacitor portion consisting of the insulator (105), the material portion (101), and the gate electrode (106) of the transistor can be charged by the voltage (VGS) applied to the gate electrode (106), a conductor 1WIRE using the element, or a conductor in which a capacitor portion consisting of the insulator, material portion, and gate electrode of the transistor can be charged by a voltage applied to the gate electrode, and the material portion is a porous film or a conductor 1WIRE having a gap space with respect to the total volume of the material portion, or a surface area of ​​the interface where the material portion and the insulator contact each other is larger than the total area of ​​the material portion, the material portion being a porous film or a conductor 1WIRE. The particle accelerator, muon generator, and nuclear fusion system of the present application may be provided with an electric circuit including the 1WIRE.

[0071] <Magnetic levitation method for bearings> The movable muon target may be supported by known bearings and support means while in motion, or the bearings may be magnetically levitated to increase their lifespan. The application of the present system to outer space, spacecraft, and spaceships is also under consideration. In outer space, it may be possible to create a vacuum or zero gravity. In this case, a rotating muon target part that rotates in a vacuum in zero gravity (or that utilizes the zero gravity of outer space and is equipped with a magnetic levitation / magnetic transport / movement / levitation control / levitation mechanism) may be configured on a spacecraft in outer space, and the rotating muon target part may be inserted so as to pass through a part of a cross section cut in the poloidal direction on the outer periphery of the MERIT ring as shown in Figure 10, and the rotating muon target part may rotate. <Utilizing the vacuum and zero gravity of outer space> The present system, the present muon generation unit, the MERIT ring-type particle accelerator and the movable muon target and muon capture solenoid in Figures 10 to 13, and the nuclear fusion system unit 1F-SYS may utilize the vacuum and weightless environment of outer space for their operation. For example, the inside of the accelerator's accelerating tube and cavity may be evacuated and constructed to have the strength to withstand the pressure exerted by atmospheric pressure, which may result in a heavy accelerator that uses steel and other materials to ensure its strength. On the other hand, outer space is already a high vacuum, and since there is no atmosphere or atmospheric pressure, there are fewer parts and vacuum pumps required to maintain the vacuum in the accelerator, and the number of parts is smaller, stronger, and lighter. This can reduce the number of parts and launch weight when lifting components from Earth into space, thereby reducing costs. Therefore, the present invention may be used in space, including nuclear fusion systems, particle accelerators, and pion-muon generating systems. The present invention may also be installed in space transportation equipment, spacecraft, space stations, spaceships, and exploration robots as a power source for moving and operating them, or as a particle source for particle experiments.

[0072] <Another form of rotatable / movable muon target part> In Figures 10-12, the rotating muon target is disk-shaped, but the shape is not limited to this. For example, as shown in Figure 13, a target part may be attached to the rotating tip part / saw chain part of a chainsaw to make a movable muon target part, and the muon target part may rotate so that the saw chain part is inserted into the accelerator, circulates, and returns to the chain catcher part so as to pass through a part of the cross section cut in the poloidal direction on the outer periphery of the MERIT ring as shown in Figure 10. The muon target part on the tip may generate pions and muons by collision with energetic ions, protons, and particles. From the viewpoint of activation, the target part is preferably a light element, and elements with low Z such as lithium or carbon are used. (Elements with high Z have a long half-life when activated, which may lead to concerns about management costs.) The tip part may be removed when activated or before the degree of activation becomes strong, and replaced with a new wedge-shaped or thin tip-shaped muon target. The muon target may be movable and pass through the particle irradiation part in the particle accelerator, FFAG, and MERIT ring of the present invention. Example 6

[0073] <Example MT1> Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 are explanatory diagrams of a particle accelerator and MERIT ring that generate and capture pion muons and irradiate and inject muons into a muon utilization system and a muon nuclear fusion system, a movable protruding / inserted wedge-shaped / thin movable muon target and rotating muon target, a pion muon generation section that generates pion muons by colliding with energetic particles / particle beams on the target, a pion muon generation section, and a muon capture solenoid that captures pion muons and transports them to the target. In this application, we would like to miniaturize the size of the muon-based nuclear fusion system so that it can be mounted on the above-mentioned transportation equipment, and the accelerating cavity of the circular accelerator may be a superconductor, a laser wakefield acceleration type, or a laser-based accelerating cavity. ●Moveable and rotating muon targets may be replaced unmanned and mechanically using a machine or robot arm to prevent humans from approaching highly activated targets or components. ●In order to avoid stopping particle accelerators, fusion systems, and power generation systems due to the need to replace the muon target due to target activation or deterioration (reducing the downtime mentioned above), the muon target is movable, and to avoid the particle beam being irradiated onto a single point for a long period of time, the particle beam is irradiated onto other surfaces of the target, dispersing the irradiated area and allowing the target to be used for a longer period of time. <Example MT2> Figure 12 shows an example of a system that has two movable targets, a muon capture solenoid, and two muon extraction ports, then injects muons toward two fusion systems and fusion reactors, and irradiates target T1 and fusion reaction point FP in the fusion systems to promote muon fusion (or can be used for various muon-related experiments, or for nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste, nuclear fusion, and muon application experiments by irradiating materials with muons). One of the two extraction ports is stopped, and the movable target at that location is replaced and maintained. In Figure 13, the movable target can be replaced and maintained at the part that catches the movable target.

[0074] Symbols etc. <Figure 10> MU-MOVABLE-TGT: A movable (muon) target that receives the particle beam. MU-DISK-TGT: A target part that can be a disk type with a rotatable and movable part that receives the particle beam Muon target part MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT: A muon target part which may be movable and disk-shaped, and in which the thickness of the part receiving the beam irradiation is thin, and the cross-sectional shape becomes thinner toward the outer periphery of the disk, and which is wedge-shaped. MU-TGT-BRG: Bearings and other support means for supporting parts that move when moving or rotating, AXIS-TGT-BRG: Rotating axis when moving or rotating 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: A target unit equipped with a muon target section and a means for moving the muon target, i.e., a motor and a bearing. 2MU: An example of the muon generating unit M1. (It may include a target, accelerator, charge exchange beam injector, charge adjusting unit, proton particle beam injector, proton particle beam accelerator unit, muon capture solenoid, etc.) It may be possible to generate muonic atoms MP1 by binding muons in M1 to protons and atomic nuclei (neutral particle beam). 2MU-ACC-RING: Circular accelerator, particle accelerator 2MU-FFAG:FFAG accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring type accelerator (The target of the wedge part may be movable and inserted. A movable muon target that becomes thinner toward the inserted tip may be inserted. The muon target part may be formed on the outer periphery of a rotatable disk or the tip of a chainsaw and be movable. A proton particle beam is irradiated to the inner periphery of the circumference of a circle, and then the proton particle beam is circularly accelerated or spirally accelerated by the accelerator or the ring, and the beam transitions to high energy and high speed on the outer periphery, and then the beam may decelerate while colliding with the muon target, which may be movable, or may recover energy and be able to collide with the target again. (An accelerator in which particles may decelerate by colliding with a target and move in the inner periphery direction, or may accelerate again and transition to the outer periphery to collide again, an accelerator in which particles are stored, accumulated, and re-accelerated in a ring.) 2MU-FFAG-CS · 2MU-ACC-RING-CS · 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: A cross section of the accelerator taken between points CSP1 and CSP2, which is a cross section perpendicular to the toroidal direction when the accelerator is likened to a donut, and a cross section cut in the poloidal direction. A movable target (e.g. a thin disk-shaped muon target) is inserted into the cross section CS of the circular accelerator MERIT ring, where a particle beam accelerated to high energy is inserted and moved in the outer periphery of the cross section of the accelerator. CS: Cross-sectional area CS between points CSP1 and CSP2 <Figure 12> - Replacement and replacement system for rotating targets for muon generation after proton irradiation activation An explanatory diagram for replacing the muon target unit by arranging two movable muon targets, muon extraction ports, and muon capture solenoids inside the accelerator that can be inserted, removed, and moved, and by shutting down one of the extraction ports and removing and replacing the muon target unit from the accelerator. 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: A movable muon target unit system that can be moved, inserted, and ejected into the accelerator. MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID: Muon capture transport solenoid <Figure 11> 2TGT-EXCHANGE: A device for exchanging movable muon targets by mechanical robots, a target exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM: Exchange arm part, robot arm 2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS: Rotating axis of exchange part 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT: Exchange motor *A device like the record changing part of a jukebox is also acceptable. TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM: (JUKE BOX MACHINE LIKE) <Figure 13> An example of a movable muon target, a chainsaw-like (or cableway-style / rope-and-lift-style) target with movable parts. CHAIN-CATCHER: This is the chain catcher part of the chainsaw, and is the part that allows the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT on the saw chain to be replaced by a machine such as a robot arm. Chain-Sow-and-TGT: The guide bar part that guides the saw chain part of the chain saw to which the muon target TGT is attached. (In FIG. 13, muons may be decelerated by the muon decelerator MUDECE.)

[0075] <Claims> <Claim MT1> A muon generator, a muon target section, a muon target, and a target having a rotatable disk-shaped muon target or a rotatable / movable target section MU-MOVABLE-TGT or MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, (For example, the cross section of the disk from the inner circumference to the outer circumference is thick / broad on the outer circumference and thin / narrow / sharp on the outer circumference, or the thickness of the disk is thick in the center and thin on the outer circumference, and the muon generating unit is equipped with a disk-shaped muon target, (the outer circumference of the disk / wheel is thin / pointed / wedge-shaped, or is a grinding wheel or rotating saw shape) The disk-shaped muon target is a muon generation unit that can generate pions, pions, and muons by irradiating a proton beam or particle beam at a point on the outer periphery of the circle of the circular accelerator or its surrounding area. <Claim MT2> A muon generating unit as described in claim MT1, having a target portion made of lithium-carbon (a material with a low atomic number Z) capable of generating pions and muons. <Claim MT3> A muon generating unit in which the muon target part is dynamic and movable, or a muon generating unit (muon target) in which the part to be activated that becomes the muon target part can be moved and the part to be activated can be dispersed on a disk or plate. <Claim MTEX1> A muon generating unit in which the muon target can be replaced by a mechanical tool, and a rotatable disk-shaped muon target or a rotatable / movable target unit (MU-MOVABLE-TGT / MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) is used in the replaceable accelerator (Muon generating unit / Muon nuclear fusion system). <Claim MERMT1> An accelerator (target, muon generation unit, muon fusion system, transportation equipment equipped with a muon fusion system) in which the target unit of the rotatable / movable target unit MU-MOVABLE-TGT described in claim MT1 is a cross-section (cross-section cut in the poloidal direction, poloidal cross-section) obtained by cutting a portion of the outer periphery perpendicular to the circumference of the circle in the circumferential direction or toroidal direction of a MERIT ring, FFAG ring, circular accelerator, or doughnut-shaped accelerator, and the muon target can be inserted, removed, or positioned in a portion of the orbit through which a proton beam or particle beam passes. <Claim MERLSR1> (For the purpose of miniaturizing the accelerator cavity) Proton acceleration method using laser plasma · Laser plasma driven ion and electron acceleration · Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) · Accelerator using the ponderomotive force of laser (· Muon generation section · Muon fusion system · Transportation equipment equipped with a muon fusion system).

[0076] <<Additional parts due to applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635, Patent Application No. 2023-151787, Patent Application No. 2023-174791, Patent Application No. 2023-196029, and Patent Application No. 2023-196327. (This application is a device and requires demonstration.) <<<Description of raw materials and fuel materials for muon nuclear fusion system and muon nuclear transmutation system>>> <Mode for carrying out the invention> <Electronegativity: A relative measure of the strength with which an atom attracts electrons> Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atomic nucleus to attract electrons and negative charges. According to Allen's electronegativity, fluorine electrons have a higher electronegativity than helium atoms, and are expected to attract electrons and muons more easily. Therefore, according to Allen's electronegativity, when hydrogen fluoride is irradiated with muons to produce helium through nuclear fusion, the muons may be more likely to be attracted to the fluorine in the hydrogen fluoride than to the helium produced after nuclear fusion, in terms of electronegativity. From this perspective, the present invention can also be implemented by injecting muons into hydrogen fluoride (or hydrogen fluoride in the form of a liquid or gaseous fluid) to promote nuclear fusion. <Effective nuclear charge perspective> Regarding the effective nuclear charge, the effective nuclear charge felt by the 1S orbital is [Helium He: 1.688, Hydrogen H: 1.000, Lithium Li: 2.691, Beryllium Be: 3.685, Boron B: 4.680, Carbon C: 5.673, Nitrogen N: 6.665, Oxygen: 7.658, Fluorine F: 8.650, Neon Ne: 9.642, Sodium Na: 10.626, Potassium K: 18.490, Rubidium Rb: 36.208, Cesium Cs: larger than Rb]. In terms of effective nuclear charge, when a fusion reaction occurs in which a muon is injected into a system containing boron or nitrogen (and hydrogen) to produce helium, the effective nuclear charge of the fusion fuel boron or nitrogen is greater than the effective nuclear charge of the fusion product helium, and it is expected that muons will be attracted to boron and nitrogen, which have a greater effective nuclear charge than helium, and therefore may be used in the present fusion system. Regarding the nuclear fusion reaction system, the present invention may use a nuclear fusion reaction system in which the effective nuclear charge of the fusion fuel nuclei is greater than the effective nuclear charge of the fusion product nuclei. (A nuclear fusion reaction system having source atoms used for nuclear fusion that have an effective nuclear charge greater than the effective nuclear charge of the nuclei produced by nuclear fusion may be used.) <Perspective of muon nuclear fusion in molecules with chain or polymer structures> <Chain and polymeric boron hydrides> Boron atoms may form chain or polymeric structures as hydrides. Also, compounds of hydrogen, beryllium, and boron, as mentioned above, may be used. Borane borohydrides may be used in the muon fusion fuel of the present invention. (Examples of borane borohydrides: BH3, B2H6, B2H2, B2H4, B4H10, B5H9, B5H11, B6H10, B6H12, B10H14, B18H22) In muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, it is considered necessary to sustain the catalytic reaction and increase the number of muon-catalyzed nuclear fusions between boron and hydrogen per muon, and it is considered advantageous to achieve a large number of nuclear fusions within a single molecule. Therefore, in the present invention, a chain-like / polymeric boron hydride with a long number of boron links can preferably be used for muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *Boron has borohydride anions (e.g. dodecaborate, chemical formula [B12H12]2-). On the other hand, the cations that pair with the dodecaborate anions may be lithium, sodium, or cesium. However, from the viewpoint of effective nuclear charge, if cesium or sodium cations, which are larger than the effective nuclear charge of boron, are used, muon fusion may stop because they are trapped by sodium instead of boron. Therefore, for example, lithium cations may be bonded to the borohydride anions. For the production of this substance, the following reaction scheme for 2LiB3H8 or Li2[B12H12] is assumed. 5NaBH4+BF3->2NaB3H8+3NaF+2H2, 2NaB3H8->NA2[B12H12] (existing manufacturing example using Na) 5LiBH4+BF3->2LiB3H8+3LiF+2H2, 2LiB3H8->Li2[B12H12] (Example using Li. Verification and investigation required) Lithium borohydride, LiBH4, may also be used in the muon fusion fuel of the present invention. <Linear and polymeric nitrogen hydrides / azanes> Nitrogen atoms may form chain or polymer structures as hydrides. In the present invention, azanes may be used as fuel materials for muon fusion. (Examples of azanes: NH3, N2H4, N3H5, N4H6, N5H7, N6H8, N7H9, N8H10, N9H11, N10H12, and azanes with higher nitrogen numbers) *For hydrogen molecules H2 (the melting point of H2 is minus 259 degrees Celsius, the boiling point is minus 252.7 degrees Celsius) and nitrogen molecules N2 (the melting point of N2 is minus 209 degrees Celsius, the boiling point is minus 195 degrees Celsius), below 209 degrees Celsius the nitrogen molecules are solid and the hydrogen molecules are gaseous, so there is a risk that N2 and H2 are difficult to mix. (It may be difficult to have a configuration in which nitrogen molecules and hydrogen molecules are both in liquid state and close to each other to promote nuclear fusion.) On the other hand, in the present invention, a compound of hydrogen and nitrogen can be used, and nitrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms are bonded and mixed within the compound molecule, so there is an advantage that it is possible to cause a nuclear fusion reaction using nitrogen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and muons within the compound azan molecule. In the case of boron, the melting point of boron itself is 2076 degrees Celsius, so it cannot be mixed and coexist with hydrogen molecules, which are gases at 2076 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in this application, hydrogen and boron are chemically bonded to form boron hydride, and the intention is to introduce muons into this to bring the hydrogen and boron close together within the molecule, causing a nuclear fusion reaction. <From the viewpoint of muon fusion of hydrocarbons> When methane CH4, which is composed of 12C and 1H, is irradiated with muons, the hydrogen bonded to carbon-12 undergoes nuclear fusion to become nitrogen-13, then hydrogen fuses to become oxygen-14, and then hydrogen fuses to become fluorine-15, which can release one proton (proton emission) and decay to oxygen-14 after a short lifetime (1.1zsec, 10-21 seconds, zeptoseconds). *If oxygen-14 can be fused with hydrogen again, there is a possibility that a cyclic reaction can occur in which oxygen-14 and fluorine-15 are fused as described above, and fluorine-15 releases a proton as described above and returns to oxygen-14, so nuclear fusion fuel using carbon-12 and hydrogen may be used in the muon nuclear fusion system of the present invention. When methane, which consists of 13C and 1H, is irradiated with a muon, hydrogen fuses with carbon-13 to form nitrogen-14, then hydrogen fuses with carbon-13 to form oxygen-15, and then hydrogen fuses with carbon-16 to form fluorine-16. Fluorine-16 releases a proton in its short lifetime (21 zsec, 10-21 seconds) to form oxygen-15, so it can fuse with hydrogen atoms again to release a proton and decay, repeating the process. Methane can also be liquefied, and it is expected that liquefaction will allow methane molecules to come closer together than when they are in gaseous form, making it easier for muon-catalyzed reactions to occur. For example, a nuclear fusion system can be considered in which liquefied methane CH4, consisting of 12C and 1H, is irradiated with muons. (In a table of isotope nuclides, if hydrogen is bonded to carbon-12 and the type of element is changed in the direction that increases the horizontal direction ·Z by 1, it will reach fluorine-15, an unstable nuclide, and fluorine-15 will decay to oxygen-14 and fuse with hydrogen repeatedly, creating a system that can be used for muon nuclear fusion.) *When hydrogen molecules are irradiated with muons, helium alpha particles are produced, which are stable, have a long life span, and have an effective nuclear charge greater than that of the hydrogen fuel. The muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction is stopped when the muons are trapped in the helium. On the other hand, in this application, for example, when helium is produced by nuclear fusion from hydrogen and boron or nitrogen fuel, the effective nuclear charge of the boron or nitrogen fuel is larger than that of helium, and the intention is to trap muons in the boron or nitrogen fuel to sustain the catalytic reaction. In the case of muon fusion using hydrogen and carbon-12 as fuel, hydrogen atoms are fused twice with carbon-12 to produce oxygen-14, and then oxygen-14 is fused with hydrogen to produce fluorine-15, which then decays to release hydrogen, which has a smaller effective nuclear charge than oxygen-14, as protons, with the intention of sustaining the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction between oxygen-14 and hydrogen atoms. <Carbon Utilization> Carbon-12 may be bombarded with muons to induce nuclear fusion, spallation, and transmutation reactions. Carbon-12 is produced from three alpha particles and a helium nucleus (beryllium-8 and helium), but if the reverse reaction of carbon-12 decomposing into three alpha particles can be caused by irradiating it with muons or elementary particles, the above reaction may be used. In this application, a nuclear fusion system or nuclear reactor system may be constructed using a nuclear fusion reaction using carbon and muons. In this application, chain or polymer carbon compounds may be included in the muon nuclear fusion fuel. For example, graphite made of carbon-12. <Viewpoint when muons are irradiated onto carbon-12> - When carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, the proton in the carbon-12 is converted into a neutron through a weak interaction between the muon and the carbon-12, decreasing the atomic number Z by one and turning it into boron-12. Boron-12 has two decay modes, the mainstream (99.4%) negative beta decay produces carbon-12, and the (0.6%) negative beta decay produces one alpha ray and beryllium-8, which produces two alpha rays with a short half-life. Therefore, when carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, it can emit energy while producing two alpha rays via beryllium-8 through positive beta decay, so in this application, a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, or experimental system that injects muons into carbon-12 may be implemented or configured. Beryllium-8 may have a structure of two helium particles in its nucleus, and it stabilizes by decaying into helium particles. Carbon-12 may have a structure of three helium particles in its nucleus, and it may decay to stabilize by adding some energy or means to release three helium particles and energy. (The image is that carbon decays and releases bond energy, similar to how a proton and boron fusion releases helium and releases energy as it decays into helium.) *To produce carbon-12 from helium-3 (via beryllium-8), the Hoyle state must be reached. The Hoyle state is a state that exists at an excitation energy of 7.65 MeV in the carbon-12 nucleus. *Negative muons are captured in the Coulomb field of an atomic nucleus to form muonic atoms. When a negative muon is captured by a nucleus N(Z, A) with atomic number Z and mass number A, the muon binds with a proton as an elementary process within the nucleus to form a neutron, neutrino, electron neutrino, and muon neutrino. *It is thought that most of the muon's rest mass energy of 106 MeV is carried away by the neutrino as kinetic energy, leaving behind about 10-20 MeV as nuclear excitation energy. *In the muonic capture reaction of a nucleus with atomic number Z, multiple neutrons are emitted from the compound nuclear excited state (20 to 10 MeV) of the Z-1 nucleus, producing an isotope of the Z-1 nucleus. When a muon is captured by a carbon-12 atom, it becomes boron-12 and can excite a boron-12 nucleus to 20 to 10 MeV, or it can excite a carbon atom to 20 to 10 MeV. (Boron-12 decays to carbon-12 or via beryllium-8 into two alpha particles in 20 milliseconds.) If the muon is captured by carbon-12 and carbon-12 is excited to 10 MeV or more based on the rest mass energy of the muon, the carbon nucleus will be given energy exceeding the 7.65 MeV excitation energy of carbon-12 to the Hoyle state. The excited carbon-12 may then (if it proceeds to decompose into three heliums) produce and output the energy of the carbon nucleus when it was bound, gamma rays, and three alpha rays and helium nuclei. *If boron-11 and a proton are fused, three helium 4s and 8.7 MeV of energy can be produced through the highly energized and excited carbon-12. In this application, carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon to excite carbon-12 to the Hoyle state, and the excited carbon can produce three helium 4s and 8.7 MeV of energy (3.76 + 2 * 2.26 [MeV]). Based on the above assumptions, the present invention may configure and implement a muon nuclear fusion system or muon nuclear transmutation system that can generate three alpha rays and energy (gamma rays) when a muon is irradiated onto a carbon nucleus (carbon-12) that is a nuclear fusion fuel or nuclear transmutation fuel. <Carbon 13 Perspective> Natural carbon contains carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. When carbon-13 is irradiated with a muon, the muon and the proton in carbon-13 can be replaced by a neutron through a weak interaction, decreasing the atomic number Z by one and turning it into boron-13. Boron-13 has two decay modes, the mainstream (99.7%) negative beta decay produces carbon-13, and the (0.2%) positive beta decay produces carbon-12. Carbon-12 is as described above. * A muon can be irradiated onto a hydrocarbon compound in which a proton is bound to carbon-13, causing the proton to fuse with the carbon-13, producing nitrogen-14, gamma rays, and an energy of 7.54 MeV, so this may be used in the nuclear fusion system and nuclear transmutation system of the present application. * In the nuclear fusion process between carbons, muon nuclear fusion of two carbon-12 can produce magnesium-24, gamma rays, and an energy of 13.3 MeV, although this may be difficult. And since 13.3 MeV exceeds the excitation energy of carbon-12 to the foil state of 7.65 MeV, if this energy is used for excitation, carbon-12 can be put into a foil state and put into a state in which muons are present, and the excited carbon-12 (if it then proceeds in the direction of decomposing into three helium atoms) may generate and output the energy of when the carbon nucleus was bound, gamma rays, and three alpha rays and helium nuclei. (However, in this carbon-carbon reaction, atoms with a larger Z value than carbon, such as magnesium, are produced, which seems to trap the muon. If atoms with a larger Z value than carbon, such as magnesium, are unlikely to be produced, the excited carbon-12 that is irradiated with a muon to become a muonic carbon atom may generate and output the energy it had when it was bound, gamma rays, and three alpha rays and helium nuclei (if it then proceeds to decompose into three helium atoms). When muons are irradiated on carbon allotropes, graphite, graphene, and diamond made of carbon-12, hexagonal carbon nitride in which carbon-12 is replaced by nitrogen-14, and boron nitride (BN), which does not contain carbon, respectively, differences may occur due to the presence or absence of carbon-12 and the presence or absence of nearby carbon-12.) <From the viewpoint of adjacent carbon atoms and excited carbon atoms> When carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, it becomes an excited carbon atom, 12C*, and decays into three alpha particles. By transferring the excitation energy (or the muon and the excitation energy) to the next adjacent carbon-12 atom, it may be possible to continuously excite and generate excited carbon-12 atoms (12C*) one after another, and then decay the 12C* into helium-4, and so on, thereby continuously extracting energy from the nuclear transmutation of carbon-12 into helium. For example, if there is a polymer of hydrocarbon molecules (alkane / paraffin, alkene / olefin, polyacetylene) that contain carbon-12 carbon chains and hydrogen, and this polymer is irradiated with a muon, the carbon-12 and the muon will combine to generate muonic carbon-12 atoms excited from the ground state, and then, since they have energy above the Hoyle state, they will undergo nuclear transmutation to generate three helium-4 atoms, which can produce energy, and so may be used in the nuclear transmutation system of the present application and in the energy generation system and power generation system that apply it. When a hydrocarbon molecule polymer containing a carbon chain of carbon-12 is irradiated with muons, the carbon-12 in the molecule bonds with the muon to generate excited carbon-12*, which decays to helium. If the energy for muon or carbon atom excitation can be transferred to adjacent carbon-12 atoms in the polymer, it is possible to carry out a reaction (intramolecular muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation reaction) in which adjacent carbon-12 atoms in the polymer are nuclear transmuted into helium one after another (using muons as a catalyst for nuclear transmutation). For example, when the polymer is used instead of gas molecules such as borane or methane, the carbon atoms are bonded and close together in the polymer, which has the advantage of reducing the distance over which the muon (or the excitation energy of the muon and the carbon atom) is transferred to the next atom, compared to transferring muons between other gas molecules or liquid molecules (such as methane) that are physically distant from each other. In the present invention, it is considered advantageous to earn a large number of nuclear transmutations within one molecule, so nuclear transmutation may be promoted by irradiating muons to a polymer of a hydrocarbon molecule containing carbon chains and hydrogen, including carbon-12. If excited carbon-12 (12C*) is something like an exciton, then just as the excited state is transferred (quantum mechanically tunneled) between adjacent excited atoms and ground atoms by resonance energy exchange (such as the inter- and intramolecular energy transfer of excitons in photosynthesis, or the excitation energy transfer of excitons in resonance energy transfer (Förster mechanism) or charge transfer (Dexter mechanism)), the excitation energy and the excited state of carbon-12 may be transferred to adjacent carbon atoms, transmuting carbon-12 into helium-4. (For example, in the Förster mechanism, the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency / FRET efficiency varies inversely proportional to the sixth power of the interatomic / intermolecular distance between the donor and acceptor, with the FRET efficiency increasing as the distance becomes smaller. If the donor carbon-12 (12C*) excited by receiving a muon in this application transfers excitation energy to another acceptor carbon-12, it is expected that the efficiency will improve as the distance becomes smaller.) In one embodiment of the present application, in order to shorten the distance, carbon-12 may be bonded together to form a molecule in which the distance between the carbon-12 is shortened, and then the molecule may be irradiated with a muon. <Structure using carbon and hydrogen> For example, if carbon-13 (13C6) is combined with deuterium D (2H1) and muon fusion occurs, nitrogen-15 (15N7) can be produced (although it is unclear whether the reaction below will occur, and it is assumed that nuclear fusion simply increases the number of neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus), nitrogen-15 can also be expected to react with hydrogen and undergo nuclear fusion, and may be used in the nuclear fusion system of the present invention. When carbon-12 (12C6) is combined with tritium T (3H1) and muon fusion is achieved, nitrogen-15 (15N7) is produced, so it may be used. For example, the muon fusion fuel (aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon consisting of carbon-13 and deuterium) [(13C6)n(2H1)2n+2], [(13C6)n(2H1+1H1)2n+2], which uses carbon-13 for the carbon atom of methane / aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon (CnH2n+2, n is the carbon number) and deuterium for the hydrogen atom, may be used in the muon fusion system of the present invention. Methane, an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon consisting of carbon-13 and deuterium, can undergo muon nuclear fusion with the n carbon-13 atoms in the molecule to produce nitrogen-15, which can then undergo nuclear fusion with the hydrogen atoms remaining in the molecule, and may be used in the muon nuclear fusion system of the present invention. Nitrogen-15 and protons can undergo nuclear fusion to produce carbon-12, helium-4, and energy. Methane, an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon consisting of carbon-14, hydrogen, and protons [(14C6)n(1H1)2n+2], may be used in the muon fusion system of the present invention because the n carbon-14 and hydrogen atoms in the molecule can undergo muon nuclear fusion to produce nitrogen-15, which can then fuse with the remaining hydrogen atoms in the molecule. <Examples of claims> <Claim NCT1> A nuclear transmutation system that converts carbon-12 into helium-4 by injecting and irradiating muons into it. <Claim NCT2> A power generation system that uses energy generated by the nuclear transmutation system described in claim NCT1. <Claim NCT3> A nuclear transmutation system characterized by the injection of muons into carbon atoms. <Claim NCT4> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, characterized in that the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom A, which is the raw material for nuclear transmutation, is greater than the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom X, which is generated after the nuclear transmutation of said atom. <Claim CMF1> A nuclear fusion system characterized by the injection of muons into carbon atoms. <Claim CMF2> A muon fusion system characterized by the injection of muons into carbon and hydrogen compounds or molecules. <Claim CMF3> A muon nuclear transmutation system that has the characteristic of converting carbon nuclei into other atomic nuclei by injecting muons into compounds or molecules of carbon and hydrogen. <Claim ACM1> A muon nuclear transmutation system that uses muons to fuse atoms A and B to produce atom X. <Claim ACM2> The nuclear transmutation system of claim ACM1, characterized in that gallium-68, copper-63, silver-107, gold-197, platinum-195 (and the like) are obtained from atom X after atom X is generated using atoms A and B and muons, or from atom Y obtained by decaying atom X. <Claim ACM3> An atom produced using the nuclear transmutation system of claim ACM2.

[0077] <<<Description of muon target and meson production device>>> <Issue> When using a carbon material or bulk carbon target with carbon atoms as a muon target, there is a problem that the carbon atoms become highly activated through high-energy proton irradiation. In addition, similar problems may occur when beryllium or lithium is used as the target. We would like to devise a system that makes the muon target less likely to be activated. In addition, when the muon target undergoes a knockout reaction, the atomic nuclei in the target are transformed and escape as alpha rays, etc., increasing the number of voids and making the target brittle and unusable, and making it necessary to replace the target, but we would like to devise a system that reduces the burden and labor required for target replacement. <Solution 1> <Mode for carrying out the invention> <Example> <Selection of isotopes that compose the muon target> To generate muons, a proton (or an atomic nucleus or particle such as alpha rays or helium) is injected into or collided with a target atomic nucleus with atomic number Z. During this process, the nucleus is shocked and its constituent protons and neutrons should fly out of the nucleus. After this, the target or the part containing the target nucleus can be (highly) activated by becoming some kind of radioactive isotope. (Activation of the muon target during muon generation, knockout reaction) For example, if a carbon muon target is used, and no process has been used to select a single isotope, the target may contain carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. Carbon-12 (natural abundance approximately 98.9%) may be knocked out by bombarding it with accelerated protons, producing beryllium-8 and alpha particles (alpha particles are knocked out of the atomic nucleus). Beryllium-8 decays into two alpha particles with a half-life of 8.19 × 10-17 seconds. Carbon-13 (natural abundance 1.1%) may also be spalled by bombarding it with protons, producing beryllium-9 and alpha particles. Beryllium-9, if produced on a muon target, may subsequently collide with protons irradiated on the target and undergo a knockout reaction. If carbon-14 is also present, proton bombardment may spall the nucleus, producing beryllium-10 and alpha particles. Beryllium-10 is an isotope with a half-life of over one million years. It is assumed that if a muon target containing carbon-14 is bombarded with protons to produce muons, and the carbon-14 nucleus is knocked out by the protons to produce one helium nucleus, an alpha particle, and beryllium-10, the muon target may be activated for a long period of time. If the above assumption actually occurs in a muon target, it is necessary to artificially control the ratio of isotopes and types of atomic nuclei that compose the muon target so that radioactive isotopes such as beryllium-10 are not produced in a muon target using carbon. For example, if the above assumption actually occurs, it may be possible to reduce the degree of activation of a carbon muon target by using only carbon-12 (or only carbon isotopes that do not produce radioactive isotopes after knockout). Since a muon target consisting of only carbon-12 may have a different degree of activation compared to a muon target containing carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14, it may be necessary to select the isotope of the muon target so that it is a single type. *For example, a muon target using carbon may be a target made of graphite or a carbon allotrope consisting of only carbon-12. A muon target using carbon may also be a muon target that does not contain carbon-14. *The target may also have a movable portion where protons are irradiated, such as a thin disk target portion where the portion where the proton beam is irradiated can rotate along a circular orbit as shown in FIG. 10. (According to the above-mentioned invention of the present application, in order to prevent the generation of beryllium-10, which has a half-life of more than one million years, by a nuclear spallation reaction caused by proton collisions, it is presumed that it is useful to separate carbon-14 and use a muon target consisting of only carbon-12, and in the present invention, a muon target using only carbon-12 can be used.) <Nuclear transmutation on a muon target> In addition to the knockout reaction, when high-energy protons (or alpha particles, or other atomic nuclei beam lines) capable of causing nuclear fusion are collided with atomic nuclei in the target section, a nuclear fusion reaction occurs, and new nuclides and isotopes can be produced in the muon target section through nuclear fusion. For example, beryllium-9 can be produced from carbon-13 by a knockout reaction, and then beryllium-9 (which has a large cross section) can collide with an irradiated proton and undergo nuclear fusion to produce alpha particles and lithium-6, or deuterium and alpha particles. Lithium-6 can then undergo homonuclear fusion with the next arriving proton. For example, carbon-12 can undergo nuclear fusion with an irradiated proton to produce nitrogen-13 or deuterium and alpha particles. Lithium-6 can then undergo homonuclear fusion with the next arriving proton. If a bulk solid target containing carbon, beryllium, boron, lithium, etc. is used, there is a risk that the knockout reaction will cause nuclear fragmentation, resulting in the solid parts falling off and becoming brittle while emitting alpha rays. <Solution 2> <Form for carrying out the invention> <Example> In the case of a carbon target, the solid part of the target may be knocked out by the impact of a proton. Therefore, we devise a system in which an atom with a smaller atomic number Z (hydrogen atom and proton in one form of this application, helium atom and alpha ray in another form) is used as the muon target instead of carbon. <Systems using protons, proton beams, hydrogen atoms, or helium atoms as muon target nuclei> In order to solve the problem of the solid part falling off due to the knock-out reaction of the above-mentioned solid target (which then becomes brittle and loses mechanical strength, making it necessary to replace the target), and to solve the problem of the target becoming radioactive, a system in which protons and hydrogen atoms (protons) or helium atoms collide at the collision point 2CLP, rather than protons and carbon atoms, is shown in Figure 14 etc. The MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT target is a particle collision system that is expected to not cause spallation reactions because the atomic numbers Z of the atoms, such as protons and helium, are small and light, and even if nuclear fusion occurs due to collisions, protons become helium nuclei (in the case of helium, it will fuse to beryllium-8 and decay with a short half-life back to helium), and does not produce another atomic nucleus from the original atomic nucleus (carbon-12) through a knockout reaction or nuclear fusion due to collisions on the target, as in the case of a muon target using carbon, and is expected not to become mechanically and physically brittle and break due to a void caused by the knockout reaction. The muon production system 2MU, which has the target MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT, is shown in Figure 14. The helium nuclei remaining after the collision of accelerated helium and protons with the helium target and proton target can be reused and recovered through the accelerator (energy can be recovered and re-accelerated in the case of the fixed magnetic field strong focusing FFAG method and MERIT ring method). ●In Figure 14, a proton beam is accelerated and circulated in the first accelerator, 2MU-ACC-RING, and (ionized) hydrogen or helium is accelerated, circulated, and looped in the second accelerator, 2HE-ACC-RING, which may also be a particle accelerator, and these are then crossed and collided at the intersection point 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate muons. (In Fig. 14, protons (·helium·particles) are injected into the first accelerator (2MU-FFAG, 2MU-ACC-RING, 2MU-MERIT-RING, 2HE-FFAG-1ST in Fig. 15) and are accelerated and circulated on the outer periphery while drawing a circular or spiral orbit, and protons or helium ions are injected into the second accelerator (2HE-ACC-RING, 2HE-FFAG, 2HE-FFAG-2ND in Fig. 15) as the target part MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT and accelerated and circulated, drawing a circular or looped orbit, and circulated in the second accelerator. Then, at the part 2CLP where the orbits of the first accelerator and the second accelerator intersect, the protons of 2MU-ACC-RING collide with the protons and helium of 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons (pions, K mesons), and then muons are generated from the pions.) In the system of Figure 14, a proton beam (or helium particle) accelerated to a level capable of generating muons is collided with a hydrogen atom or a helium atom. In Figure 14, nuclear fusion occurs due to the collision of a proton with a proton, or nuclear fusion occurs due to the collision of a hydrogen nucleus with a helium nucleus, and there is no need to generate new spallation-derived nuclei due to the spallation reaction between hydrogen atoms. In addition, in the case of hydrogen and helium, helium nuclei are stable nuclei with the magic number 2, and are unlikely to be spalled, so there is a possibility that there is no need to generate new spallation-derived nuclei. (When using hydrogen or helium as a muon target, it is expected that radioisotopes with long half-lives such as beryllium-10 produced after nuclear spallation reactions or nuclear fusion by protons will be less likely to be produced, as is the case when carbon is used as a muon target, and as a result, radioactivity will be less likely to occur. In addition, since it is not a solid target but a beam of protons and helium accelerated by an accelerator, there is a possibility that the target knocked out by the knockout reaction will not become brittle.) ●In Fig. 15, the target ring 2HE-FFAG-2ND is equipped with an ion removal section (ion extraction section, which may also serve as an ion intake section) 2EXTEJ. The ion removal section 2EXTEJ is a section that removes ions of unintended heavy elements that are generated in the accelerator. For example, if atoms with a large atomic number Z such as carbon are generated in the accelerator orbit where hydrogen and helium should be, the device 2EXTEJ may be equipped with a device that can separate and remove them based on their atomic number Z, charge ZC, or mass MS. For example, an electric field or magnetic field may be applied to ions moving along the orbit of 2HE-FFAG-2ND to separate the ions based on their mass or the magnitude of the positive charge Z. (2EXTEJ may have a mass separation function section of a mass analyzer that ionizes and separates and analyzes the mass using an electric field and magnetic field.) The device 2EXTEJ is intended to exchange particles and manage impurities in the accelerator, reduce the exchange process required for the solid disc muon target, and operate the meson production device of this application continuously.) <System using helium, helium beam, and helium-4 as muon target nuclei (example of using stable helium nuclei as targets, which are expected to be less susceptible to spallation reactions)> Helium-4 (alpha particle) is a stable isotope with magic number 2. In Figures 14 and 15, the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-1ST accelerate and circulate proton and particle beams, and the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-2ND accelerate hydrogen or helium particle beams in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collide them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING (2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND) to generate mesons and muons (elementary particles). In this case, 2MU-ACC-RING may use helium in addition to protons, and it may be possible to circulate helium-4 in 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING and cross and collide them at the intersection 2CLP to generate muons. (The angle at which the two intersect is not specified in this application, but it is possible for the two to collide at a right angle or perpendicular to each other.) When two helium-4 atoms collide, unstable beryllium-8 can be produced, but after a short half-life (10-17 seconds), it can become two helium-4 atoms (alpha particles).Even if two helium-4 atoms undergo nuclear fusion upon collision, (beryllium-8) will try to return to alpha particles again in a short time (10-17 seconds), so it is expected that new nuclides will not be easily produced. From the viewpoint that helium-4 itself is a stable particle and that even if it is collided one-on-one, new nuclides are unlikely to be produced by nuclear spallation or nuclear fusion, in one form of the present application, helium nuclei and helium-4 particles may be accelerated (using a particle accelerator) and collided to produce mesons, mesons, pions, and K-mesons, which may then produce particles such as muons, and these muons may be used for muon nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of radioactive nuclides (nuclear transmutation of long-lived radioactive isotopes). According to one embodiment of the present application, helium 4 is accelerated and circulated in the accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, which may be a first MERIT type, and helium 4 is accelerated and circulated in the accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING, which may be a second MERIT type, and may be collided at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of the 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons and muons. (The orbits of the two particles may cross. In one embodiment, the two particle orbits may be perpendicular.) In this case, even if helium 4 and helium 4 undergo collision-type nuclear fusion, the atom generated is beryllium 8, which has a short half-life and lifetime, and considering that beryllium 8 decays and becomes two helium 4 again, it is possible that a new element (a radioactive element) is unlikely to be generated, so this application proposes a meson / elementary particle generation device that uses helium 4 and a particle collision system in which helium 4 is collided with each other to become beryllium 8. *A particle collision type device including the 2CLP, 2HE-FFAG-1ST, 2HE-FFAG-2ND and protons and helium of the present application may be used to generate elementary particles including mesons. (In addition to mesons, a device including the collision system of the present application may be used in an experimental system that generates some elementary particles by colliding particles with a target.) *In the configurations of Figures 14 and 15, helium atoms are ionized in the accelerator and collided with each other, so it is expected that problems such as a decrease in the mechanical strength and dimensional changes of the target, which are seen in the case of a solid material target (problems with replacing the target, which were seen in the case of a solid disk target), will not occur easily. *If helium is produced after fusion in muon fusion, that helium may be used as the muon target atom. <<Lithium isotope-controlled target>> Considering the short half-life of beryllium-8 produced by the nuclear fusion of lithium-7 and protons, a system in which lithium-7 and protons collide may be a candidate. For example, when lithium-7 and protons collide to produce beryllium-8 by collision-type nuclear fusion, it has a short half-life (10-17 seconds) and produces two alpha rays and helium-4, as reported by Cockcroft-Walton et al. Taking note of this reaction, a target section with an increased ratio of lithium-7 in natural lithium (92.5% lithium-7 and 7.5% lithium-6), or a target section consisting only of lithium-7 (or by removing lithium-6 / taking out lithium-7) may be used in a muon / meson generator. (For example, as shown in FIG. 10, a movable disk-type MU-DISK-TGT may be used, or a muon target consisting of only lithium 7 may be used. The ions of the accelerators 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 may be protons and lithium 7 ions, and the two may be collided in 2CLP.) *If only lithium-6 is used as a muon target and protons are irradiated onto the lithium-6 to cause nuclear fusion through collisions, beryllium-7, which has a long half-life of 53 days, may be produced. Since beryllium-7 remains in the target area within the time that the next proton can collide with it, protons and beryllium-7 may collide. If a target containing beryllium-7 is irradiated again with protons, boron-8 may be produced, or radioactive products on the heavy element side may be produced and accumulate in the target (as the long-lived products gradually fuse with protons) to carbon-9, etc. On the other hand, in the case of a target containing only lithium-7, it may fuse with protons to produce beryllium-8, which then becomes alpha rays in a short time (10-17 seconds), so it may be difficult to produce products such as beryllium-7, which have a long life (unless it is removed by volatilization / detachment in the form of helium from the lithium-7 muon target and remains). <<Using muon target atoms with short lifetimes (e.g. 10-17 seconds) of atomic nuclei produced by nuclear fusion through collisions>> In one embodiment of the present application, possible patterns for producing beryllium-8 (8Be4), which has an atomic number Z of 4, include colliding two helium-4 atoms (4He2+4He2->8Be4) and colliding lithium-7 (7Li3) with a proton (1H1) (7Li3+1H1->8Be4). In this application, when focusing on the lifetime of beryllium-8, these two patterns can be used to collide two particles together, which can be used for muon production or nuclear fusion. In one embodiment of the present application, a system for colliding protons and helium may be used. If protons and helium-4 were to collide and undergo simple nuclear fusion, lithium-5 would be produced, but its half-life is short, and after decay, helium-4 and protons would be produced, which can be recycled and used again in the collisions of meson-muon production devices. When protons and helium-3 are used, lithium-4 is also produced, but its half-life is short and after decay it produces helium-3 and a proton, which can be recycled and used again in collisions in a meson-muon production device. <Example of claims> <Claim PHE1> A particle production system characterized by accelerating and circulating a proton beam in the first accelerator, 2MU-ACC-RING, accelerating hydrogen or helium in a part that may be a particle accelerator in the second accelerator, 2HE-ACC-RING, and colliding them at 2CLP, the intersection point of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING, to generate mesons and muons. <Claim PHE2> A muon nuclear fusion system using the meson particle production system described in claim PHE1, characterized in that muons are generated by colliding protons with protons, or protons with helium, or helium with helium, and muon nuclear fusion is performed using the muons. <Claim PHE3> A particle production system that uses a muon target or particle collision target made of Li-7 to produce mesons and muons. Example 7

[0078] 14 to 17 are explanatory diagrams illustrating examples and embodiments of the present application. <Figure description> <Figure 14> An explanatory diagram of a particle generation system characterized in that a proton beam and helium are accelerated and circulated in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, and hydrogen or helium is accelerated in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collisions are made at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons and muons. Protons and protons, or protons and helium, or helium and helium may be collided. (An explanatory diagram of a particle generation system characterized in that a proton beam is accelerated and circulated in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, and hydrogen or helium is accelerated in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collisions are made at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons and muons. Protons and protons, or protons and helium, or helium and helium may be collided.) <Figure 15> As one embodiment of the present application, a collision experiment system for meson production with helium-proton targets is shown. (B) A collision experiment system for meson production equipped with two looped paths, 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND. *The two paths 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND can be FFAG or MERIT accelerators or particle orbits within the accelerator. In the case of the MERIT method, even if the energy of helium and hydrogen atoms decreases after colliding in the paths of the two accelerators, the intention is to regenerate the energy and reaccelerate them in the accelerator again to produce mesons (or any other particles, elementary particles, or atomic nuclei) again. <Fig.16> FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of use in muon nuclear fusion or transmutation of nuclei (A), as one embodiment of the present application, and an example of use in production of product atomic nuclei after element transmutation and nuclear transmutation (B). <Fig.17> As one embodiment of the present application, an example including a process of decelerating cosmic muons SM1 or high-speed muons and irradiating and bonding them with atoms in a target portion. (A) An example of slowing down high-speed cosmic muons using the dome-shaped decelerator array / decelerator 2MUDECE that covers the celestial sphere / sky, capturing them in the capture unit 2CAP, and irradiating the decelerated muons to T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example of irradiating the source atom / molecule target T1 with a laser to directly form an electric field 2LASER-EF / laser wakefield with a strength to slow down the cosmic muons, using the electric field to slow down the cosmic muons, and combining the decelerated muons with the source atoms to attempt muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation.

[0079] <Explanation of symbols> <Figure 13> (A) Example of a movable muon target (including a negative muon deceleration section) MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable muon target 2MUCAP: A device that captures and moves muons. Muon acceleration parts, solenoids, etc. MUDECE-ELEMENT: A deceleration section / deceleration element arranged in a direction to decelerate negative muons (a deceleration section using a laser wakefield accelerator is also acceptable). MUDECE (MDC): A decelerator including MUDECE-ELEMENT. A muon decelerator (may be an accelerator using a laser wakefield, or may use Accelerator 2AC or Accelerator A1 for deceleration). <Figure 14> 2MU: Muon Generator 2MESON: Meson generator 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Particle collision device, device for generating mesons and elementary particles through particle collisions 2MU-ACC-RING: An accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves protons and hydrogen (or helium) as ion beams. The first accelerator. 2MU-FFAG: FFAG style 2MU-ACC-RING. 2MU-MERIT-RING: 2MU-ACC-RING with MERIT ring type. 2HE-ACC-RING: An accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves helium (or protons or hydrogen) as an ion beam. And the accelerator orbit. The second accelerator. 2HE-FFAG: FFAG style 2HE-ACC-RING. 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: Cross-section of the first accelerator MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable target. The atoms in the muon target are movable. MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT: A muon target made of moving hydrogen or helium (ions, beams, orbits in an accelerator). A target for producing helium or hydrogen mesons and elementary particles called muons that are accelerated, circulated, and moved through the accelerator. 2CLP: The intersection or collision point, or intersecting or colliding portion, of the trajectories of accelerated particle / ion beams. The area where helium and hydrogen, helium and helium, and hydrogen and hydrogen collide (2CCP). A place where mesons and elementary particles can be produced by collisions. *The first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING 2HE-FFAG-1ST accelerates and circulates proton and particle beams (helium), and the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING 2HE-FFAG-2ND accelerates hydrogen or helium particle beams in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collides them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING (2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND) to produce mesons and muons (elementary particles). This is the intersection and collision area. <Figure 15> 2AC: Acceleration cavity, acceleration means. *A laser wakefield accelerating cavity may be used, and the laser may be a laser device, a particle accelerator, or a photon or laser using alpha rays from a synchrotron radiation (synchronized light). 2MGF: Magnets, deflection means and focusing means for ions, beams and charged particles. Bending magnets such as bending electromagnets, focusing magnets such as quadrupole electromagnets that focus beams so that they do not scatter. 2ISRC: Ion source He (or H / p). Ion injection section. It may include a device for ionization and a device for accelerating and injecting ions. 2EXTEJ: Ion removal section. It may be an ion intake section or an ion removal section. EX-ION: Ions that are removed by 2EXTEJ among the ions moving and circulating in 2HE-FFAG-2ND (accelerator orbit). A method of separation based on the difference in mass of ions used in mass spectrometry may be used. Ions of different masses may be separated by utilizing the difference in mass relative to the charge of the ions due to the charge and magnetic field. 2HE-FFAG-1ST: The first accelerator. A circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates FFAG-type helium. 2HE-FFAG-2ND: The second accelerator. A circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates FFAG-type helium. 2CLP: The area where two He particle beams collide <Fig.16> 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Muon generation means, meson generation means, particle collision means. MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID: A means of capturing and transporting muons from mesons such as pions and K-mesons. A solenoid that captures pions using a magnetic field, moves the pions, and transports the muons while the pions change into muons. MUDECE: A means for slowing down muons. Negative muon decelerator. Slow muon generator. MUDECE may be installed in the MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID section. A negative muon decelerator combining a pulsed power supply and a deceleration cell has been considered and is publicly known, and may be used. It is preferable to use a negative muon decelerator that can slow down more slowly. The energy of the negative muon generated using the accelerator and meson generator is about 300 keV (= 8 MeV / c) or more, and it is preferable to be able to slow it down to, for example, 30 keV or less. If it is possible to arrange the laser wakefield and the accelerating cavity and acceleration section using it in the reverse and decelerating direction, they may be arranged and used to decelerate the negative muon. 1F-SYS: Muon-based nuclear fusion system 1EXP-SYS: Experimental system using muons, nuclear transmutation system (LLFP / MA nuclear transmutation system) FP: Nuclear fusion section, muon nuclear fusion section, part of the nuclear fusion section core. NCTP: Nuclear transmutation section, muon nuclear transmutation section, part of the nuclear transmutation core. Muonic-Atom-Generator: The part that binds a negative muon to atomic nucleus A (or B) to generate muonic atom A (or B). MA1: Muonic atom A (or B). (Atom A / B irradiated to the target) FUSIONED-T1-AB-X: Atom X. Atom X is created by nuclear fusion and transmutation of atomic nuclei A and B by muons. T1-AB: The muon target T1 part consists of a compound or mixture of bound atomic nuclei A and B. Atoms A and B may have different Z. They may also have the same Z. For example, atoms A and B may be the same carbon-12. T1-AB is a compound or mixture of atomic nuclei A and B bonded together. T1-AB may be a mixture of atoms A and B obtained by colliding atom A with atom B, or A and B may be placed in close proximity to each other. FUSIONED-T1-MA1B-X: Atom X. Atom X is generated by nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of muonic atom A and atom B by muons. Atom Y may be generated from atom X through a radioactive decay process. T1-B: Target of atomic nucleus B (or A). T1-B is a movable T1 or T1-B where the muon or muonic atom irradiation part is located. (T1-B may be a movable film surface or solid or liquid surface of T1. Depending on the element, it may be a gas, plasma, or beam.) T1-B may be capable of removing the surface in the atom X removal process. (Just as the muon target MU-DISK-TGT, which may be a solid movable disk type in FIG. 11, is ground with a grinding wheel MU-DISK-GRINDING-DEVICE, atom X may be produced from atoms A and B on the target T1 by muon nuclear transmutation, and then atom X may be removed or collected with a grinding wheel or a grinding / cutting means.) T1-IN: Atom supply process / means. Atom A and B supply section. T1-OUT: Atom removal process / means. Removal part of atom X. <Figure 17> (A) As seen from T1 located on the ground, a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere and the sky is used to decelerate high-speed cosmic muons and irradiate them at T1 in an attempt to transmute them. SM1: Cosmic muons (cosmic ray muons, cosmic ray muon particles) coming from the sky. High-speed cosmic muon SM1. When cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere (atmosphere), atmospheric molecules collide with spacecraft particles, generating cosmic ray pions and mesons, which then generate cosmic ray muons. Cosmic ray pions can be generated at an altitude of about 20 km, and muons rain down at altitudes of 5 km or less. (Aircraft transport equipment 3 with the system in Figure 17(A) is at an altitude that can receive cosmic muons. Aircraft 3 can use the cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation. Transport equipment 3 near the ground and at sea can also receive cosmic muons.) Cosmic rays: High-energy particles traveling through space. MDC-LASER: A laser light source and laser generating unit of an accelerator when the muon decelerator uses an accelerator that uses a laser wake field as a decelerator. The light source may be an existing laser device. The light source may be synchrotron radiation. MDC: Decelerator. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator (accelerator may be used for deceleration) (accelerator using laser wakefield may be used Accelerator 2AC or A1 may be used for deceleration) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: An array of 2MUDECE. It may distribute photons and lasers to the 2MUDECE. It may also include circuits such as electricity, power, signals, and lasers for driving the 2MUDECE. 2MUCAP: MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT Device, a device that captures and transports muons. Solenoids, etc. T1: target, FEED. According to one embodiment, the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS may perform muon catalyzed nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation in a configuration in which muons decelerated by a decelerator 2MUDECE are combined with nuclear fuel atoms and raw material atoms for muon catalyzed nuclear fusion, such as hydrogen H, deuterium D, tritium T, and lithium 6, which are already known in the art. Also, raw material atoms and fuel atoms for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen, described in the present application, may be used in the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS shown in FIG. 13(B) or (A). The configuration, system, and device for decelerating cosmic muons in FIG. 17 may be mounted on transportation equipment 3. If muon nuclear transmutation can be performed using cosmic muons, a large accelerator can be eliminated, and therefore there is an advantage in that the size of transportation equipment 3 can be made compact when mounted on transportation equipment 3 if the large accelerator for generating muons can be eliminated. In order to make the muon decelerator for cosmic muons compact, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may be accelerators using a laser wakefield, may be used for deceleration. (A configuration for accelerating electrons and negatively charged particles to the GeV level using a laser wakefield is publicly known, and the present application assumes the deceleration of negative muons, which are particles of the same negative charge, as an application of this.) In addition, in order to compactly install a muon / meson generation unit and a high-speed muon deceleration unit on the transportation device 3, a meson generation device 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, or 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER may be configured in the accelerator 2AC or A1, which may be an accelerator that uses a laser wake field. (B) An example of attempting muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation of T1 by directly irradiating the target T1 (atoms or molecules) with a laser to slow down the muons. 2LASER-PLASMA: The plasma part generated by the laser and T1 when turning T1 into plasma and forming the laser wakefield. 2LASER-EF: Electric field generated by laser and T1, and laser wakefield formed within T1. T1, FEED: Target atoms, raw material atoms, and fuel atoms to be transmuted or fused. 2LASER:Laser source. MDC-LASER: A laser used in a laser-based decelerator (In the figure, the laser can be generated by external energy, or photons or gamma rays can be generated using the energy of alpha rays or gamma rays produced by nuclear fusion or nuclear transformation, and these can be used to generate a laser. The AEC is the part that converts alpha ray energy, and in the figure, it is possible to extract the energy of photons produced by bremsstrahlung radiation of alpha rays rather than electricity.)

[0080] <Speed ​​of muons> Cosmic rays contain muons, whose energy is in the GeV range and whose speed is high (close to the speed of light). (Cosmic muons are thought to be faster than muons generated on earth, in known accelerators, and in muon generators. If we make a simple calculation assuming that a muon particle moves at the speed of light c, it will travel approximately 660 m in 2.2 microseconds. Cosmic muons have too much energy and pass through matter.) Since the muons used in this application are to be bonded to the source atoms, it is preferable to use a configuration that bonds the source atoms at a slow speed rather than a configuration that passes through them at a high speed. For example, the muons used in this application may need to be slower than cosmic muons. Muons may be irradiated and injected at a speed that allows them to bond to the atoms to be transmuted at a slow speed by irradiating and bonding muons such as carbon-12. On the surface of the earth, approximately 170 high-speed muon particles originating from space pass through an area of ​​1 m2 per second. Even if high-speed muons (assumed) are used as a catalyst in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to transmute and fuse the atomic nuclei of the subject of nuclear transmutation of this application, such as boron, carbon, and nitrogen, the muons pass through at high speed, so it may be difficult for muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion and muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation intended in this application to occur with natural high-speed cosmic muons. Therefore, in this application, muons that can be decelerated (obtained from mesons, pions, etc. that can be generated by a known ground-based device capable of generating mesons) that are slow enough to cause muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation and muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion may be used. <Muon nuclear transmutation system using a cosmic muon decelerator> In this application, muons are obtained from a meson generation device, and then they can be decelerated using a device section MUDECE (2MUDECE, 2MUDECE-ARRAY) that decelerates the muons and then injected into atoms where muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion are to be performed.) If it is possible to decelerate cosmic muons, they can be used in the muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion system of the present invention. * Muon decelerators that combine negative muons with a pulsed power supply and decelerating cells have been considered and are known. A large aircraft or airship (where it is easy to maintain a physical distance for muon deceleration) such as an airship may be floated in the air, a large-scale muon decelerator may be constructed and installed inside the aircraft to decelerate the muons, the muons may be captured and transported with a solenoid or the like, and irradiated on the target part of the muon catalytic nuclear transmutation to promote the nuclear transmutation. The energy generated by the nuclear transmutation may be used to propel the aircraft, and the energy and electricity for the aircraft may be generated and supplied using a power generation unit (power generation unit 1PP, which converts the energy of alpha rays into heat to boil water and drive a steam turbine, or part AEC, which converts the energy of alpha rays into electricity and energy). <Laser wakefield for muon deceleration and requirements for accelerating cavity and part using it> * Electrons (negative muons) can be accelerated by a laser wakefield and the accelerating cavity / accelerating section using it, but the accelerating section (if possible, arranged in the direction to decelerate the proceeding negative muon) can also be used for the deceleration section of the negative muon (MUDECE (2MUDECE, 2MUDECE-ARRAY). Accelerators using laser wakefields have a plasma device section that converts helium laser targets into plasma and generates an electric field by laser irradiation. The electric field strength of this laser wakefield accelerator will be higher than that of existing accelerators that generate electric and magnetic fields using magnets or high frequency waves, and it is expected that the accelerator can be made smaller than existing accelerators that use high frequency waves or electromagnets for particle acceleration. (As shown in FIG. 17A, by miniaturizing 2MUDECE, it may be possible to configure a space muon decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY that covers all directions in the air and the celestial sphere as seen from the ground. Then, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS including the 2MUDECE-ARRAY and a transportation device 3 including a power generation unit 1GENR including it may be configured. By configuring a muon decelerator array that covers the target unit T1 in a dome shape, it may be possible in the present invention to decelerate space muons that fly or fly toward the 2MUDECE-ARRAY or T1 at various angles from the air toward the ground (e.g., two space muons in FIG. 17A) by the decelerator array installed in advance, and to collect the decelerated muons and introduce them into and irradiate the target unit T1.) Since muons can be trapped by heavy elements with large atomic number Z through weak interactions and react with and decay in the nucleus, it is preferably considered that the atomic elements of the plasma in the laser wakefield and the acceleration cavity and accelerator section using the same have a low Z, and for example, helium may be used. (When using heavy elements such as iron in the plasma of an accelerator using a laser wakefield, iron has a large Z and negative muons may be consumed in the reaction to reduce the Z of heavy elements such as iron due to the weak interaction in which muons are trapped, and there is a risk that they cannot be decelerated and cannot be used for the intended nuclear conversion applications. Therefore, in one form of the present application, a laser wakefield using a plasma of an atom that weakly interacts with muons such as helium, an acceleration cavity and an acceleration section using the same, or a muon deceleration section 2MUDECE- may be used.) <Regarding the generation of a laser wakefield by irradiating a laser target gas resource (plasma resource, plasma atom) with a laser used in the laser device of the laser wakefield, the deceleration of high-speed cosmic muons or high-speed muons derived from accelerator atom collisions at the site where the laser wakefield is generated, and the promotion of muon nuclear conversion reactions using the decelerated muons> Instead of the helium laser target, a substance containing atoms that cause muon nuclear conversion in the present application and have a small Z and are expected to have a weak interaction, such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, etc. (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne... further including H, He, Li, Be. For example, borane, azane, methane, carbon 12) may be used as the gas resource (plasma resource, plasma atom) of the laser target irradiated with the laser used in the laser device of the laser wakefield. Further, if a plasma of atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) can be generated in the laser device to generate a laser wakefield of a plasma wave and a high-intensity electric field, and the laser wakefield can decelerate high-speed cosmic muons flying from the universe to the atmosphere / ground side, the decelerated muons may be combined with the atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) of the plasma generating the laser wakefield to cause muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear conversion. Therefore, a configuration having such a feature may be used in the muon nuclear conversion system of the present application. In FIG. 9, a laser may be irradiated onto a target T1 (T1 is a substance containing atoms of Z that are expected to cause muon nuclear transmutation such as boron, carbon, and nitrogen as claimed in the present application and have small Z and are unlikely to cause weak interactions, for example, Z=B, C, N, O, F, Ne... and even H, He, Li, and Be. For example, borane, diborane, azan, methane, and carbon-12) that contains a laser target and raw material atoms for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation. As shown in FIG. 9, a laser capable of generating a laser wake field is irradiated onto T1 from a laser source and laser generator (2LASER), and the cosmic muons arriving at T1 are slowed down (by an electric field produced by the laser and atoms and plasma) to become slow muons, and the slow muons are bound to the raw material atoms of T1, which causes nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of the raw material atoms of T1. As shown in (B) of FIG. 17, a laser is irradiated onto a target T1 from a laser source 2LASER / MDC-LASER to generate plasma (2LASER-PLASMA) in T1, and a high-intensity electric field 2LASER-EF and a laser wake field 2LASER-EF are generated / formed. The high-speed muons or high-speed cosmic muons SM1 that enter T1 and 2LASER-EF are decelerated by the electric field 2LASER-EF to become slow muons or decelerated muons (inside or near 2LASER-EF of T1), and the decelerated muons are bonded to raw material atoms to which the muons contained in T1 are to be bonded. Since the binding of the muons can cause muon nuclear transmutation reactions or muon nuclear fusion in the raw material atoms of T1, this configuration may be used in the present invention. A laser is irradiated onto the target atom T1 to form an electric field that slows down the fast muons, fast cosmic muons SM1, or muons M1, thereby slowing down the fast muons and converting them into slow muons, which can be used for nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion of the target atom T1. <Examples of claims> <Claim MUDEC1> A system for transmuting target atoms / source atoms, comprising a step of slowing down muons and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms / source atoms to be transmuted. <Claim MUDEC2> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim MUDEC1, which performs nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and raw material atoms, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and raw material atoms to generate an electric field or a laser wake field. <Claim MUDEC3> The nuclear transmutation system of claim MUDEC2, capable of decelerating muons in said electric field or laser wakefield. <Claim MUDEC4> The nuclear transmutation system described in claim MUDEC2 has the characteristic of being capable of irradiating a laser onto a target atom or raw material atom to be transmuted to generate an electric field or a laser wake field, decelerating cosmic muons, cosmic ray muons, or muons generated by cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and binding the decelerated muons to the target atom or raw material atom to be transmuted. <Claim DLAL1> A system for nuclear transmutation of target atoms / source atoms, comprising a step or means for decelerating muons, and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms / source atoms to be transmuted. <Claim DLAL2> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim DLAL1, in which muons can be decelerated by an electric field or a laser wakefield or an accelerator. <Claim DLAL3> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim DLAL1, which performs nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and / or source atoms, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and / or source atoms to generate an electric field or a laser wake field. <Claim DLAL4> The nuclear transmutation system described in claim DLAL1 has the characteristic of being capable of irradiating a laser onto a target atom or source atom to be transmuted to generate an electric field or a laser wake field, decelerating cosmic muons or muons originating from cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and binding the decelerated muons to the target atom or source atom to be transmuted. <Claim DLAL5> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, characterized in that the atomic number Z or the effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom A, which is a raw material for nuclear transmutation during nuclear transmutation, is greater than the atomic number Z or the effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom X, which is generated after the nuclear transmutation of the atom. The nuclear transmutation system described in claim DLAL1 (or claim DLAL2). <Claim DLAL6> The nuclear transmutation system according to claim DLAL2, characterized in that it introduces and irradiates muons onto target atoms containing carbon and carbon-12. <Claim DLAL7> The nuclear transmutation system according to claim DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected and irradiated onto target atoms containing nitrogen and nitrogen-15. <Claim DLAL8> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected and irradiated onto a target atom containing boron. <Claim DLAL9> A power generation system that uses energy generated by the nuclear transmutation system described in claim DLAL5. <Claim DLAL10> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim DLAL1, in which hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a first accelerator (2MU-ACC-RING), hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a second accelerator (2HE-ACC-RING), and muons are generated using a particle generation system having the characteristic of colliding hydrogen or helium to generate mesons at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of the first accelerator and the second accelerator, and used for the nuclear transmutation. <Claim DLAL11> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim DLAL1 (or claim DLAL2) having the feature of transmuting fission products. <Claim DLAL12> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claims 1 through 10 for transmuting fission products, characterized in that a beam of muons is directed toward a section of a building having the fission products.

[0081] <<Muon-based nuclear species and atomic nucleus transmutation device>> <Challenges> When the resource of a certain atom X is limited, we may want to artificially produce atom X (for example, an atom used in industry such as gallium or a group 11 atom). Nuclear fusion can be used to produce atom X, but in the case of magnetic confinement and other nuclear fusion methods, it is necessary to confine atoms in a high-temperature plasma and fuse them by heat, and it may be necessary to use even higher temperatures to fuse heavier atomic nuclei with larger Z. <Solution> On the other hand, in muon nuclear fusion, even atomic nuclei with a large Z value may be more susceptible to nuclear fusion due to muons binding to atomic nuclei and collisions or close proximity. Therefore, this application devise a muon generating device, a means for slowing down muons, and a method of binding a muon to atoms A and B or a compound in which atoms A and B are bound, to perform muon nuclear fusion and produce atom X. <Mode for carrying out the invention> <Examples> <Examples of creating desired atomic nuclei: trying to create the nucleus of group 11 elements in the periodic table or a gallium atomic nucleus> Although this has not been proven, it may be possible to create another atomic nucleus X by nuclear fusion reaction of atoms A and B as shown in Figure 16 (B), or to create another atomic nucleus Y by changing or decaying atomic nucleus X. (If it becomes possible to make the target less radioactive when muons are generated, for example by using protons or helium as the target for meson production as mentioned above, the muon target will be less likely to become nuclear waste, reducing the environmental burden and cost of muon production. As a result, in addition to muon nuclear fusion, it may become possible to conduct experiments in which radioactive waste is irradiated with muons to convert it into non-radioactive atoms, or to combine existing elements with muons to perform nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, nuclear spallation, etc. to transmute atomic nuclei. * Electric energy is required to operate the muon generator and accelerator, and it is assumed that the electricity will come from renewable energy sources (solar power plants) or nuclear fusion power plants. The following example is just an idea and has not been demonstrated. <Gold Au>●For example, muons can be irradiated onto tungsten carbide (specifically, a film-shaped tungsten carbide target in which the muon-irradiated part can move like a film sheet) in which tungsten-184 is bonded to carbon-12 or carbon-13, and an experiment can be conducted to see whether muon fusion and transmutation of tungsten and carbon occurs, and then an attempt can be made to generate mercury (mercury-196, mercury-197) atoms or gold atoms that can be produced by nuclear fusion and transmutation. *In addition to tungsten carbide, tantalum nitride using nitrogen-15 and tantalum-181 can also be used. *After that, mercury-196 may be irradiated with neutrons to produce mercury-197, and then gold-197 may be synthesized through a step of electron capture of mercury-197. *Or, a system (experimental system) may be implemented in which tungsten carbide consisting of tungsten-184 and carbon-13 (or tantalum nitride consisting of nitrogen-15 and tantalum-181) may be used as the target T1-AB, and mercury-197 may be produced by irradiating it with muons, and then mercury-197 may be converted to gold-197 through electron capture EC. (The reaction is as follows: 12C6: carbon-12, 13C6: carbon-13, 196Hg80: mercury-196, 197Hg80: mercury-197, 184W74: tungsten-184, 15N7: nitrogen-15, 181Ta73: tantalum-181, n: neutron, 197Au79: gold-197, EC: electron capture reaction. EC is a reaction or phenomenon in which a proton in an atomic nucleus absorbs an orbital electron to become a neutron, and at the same time emits an electron and a muon neutrino.) 12C6+184W74->196Hg80 13C6+184W74->197Hg80 15N7+181Ta73->196Hg80 196Hg80+n->197Hg80 197Hg80->EC->197Au79+electron-muon neutrino ●Also, a muon can be bonded to a carbon atom or nitrogen atom (atom A) to form a muonic carbon atom, which can then be accelerated and collided with a tungsten atom to promote nuclear fusion. (Alternatively, muons can be irradiated onto tungsten to form muonic tungsten atoms, and carbon atoms can be accelerated and collided with them. If carbon-12 is irradiated with muons and carbon decays, the muons can be irradiated onto the tungsten side. Nitrogen and tantalum can be used instead of carbon and tungsten.) (12C6+negative muon)+184W74->196Hg80 12C6+(184W74+negative muon)->196Hg80 13C6+(184W74+negative muon)->197Hg80 196Hg80+n->197Hg80 197Hg80->EC->197Au+electron·muon neutrino ●In order to prevent the generation of atomic nucleus X after particle collision and subsequent collision of atoms B and A with atomic nucleus X to generate undesired atom D, the collision section may be configured as shown in Figure 16 (B) in which particles containing muons are collided with the film material or liquid of the target atoms, so that the collision section serves as a movable / flow-type raw material supply section / product atom recovery section. Atoms X may be recovered by using a process to remove atoms X generated on the target surface (heating the surface with a grindstone or laser irradiation, flicking it off, removal process, etc.). <Production of Silver (Ag)> As in the case of Au, carbon-12 (12C6) and molybdenum-95 (95Mo42) are fused to atoms A and B using a muon to produce cadmium-107, which can then be held for a half-life of approximately 6.5 hours to capture an electron, or a muon can react with a proton to reduce Z by one, converting cadmium to silver-107 (107Ag47). Similarly, it is possible to fuse silver-109 with carbon-12 and molybdenum-97 using a muon to produce cadmium-109, and then either hold the cadmium-109 for its half-life and capture an electron, or reduce Z by one by reacting a muon with a proton to convert cadmium to silver-109. (When using carbon-12, the method used for gold was tungsten and mercury, but for silver, molybdenum and cadmium, which are one period and group lower in the periodic table, are used. It is also possible to try producing cadmium-107 (107Cd48) using niobium-93 (93Nb41) and nitrogen-14 (14N7).) <Creation of copper Cu> As in the case of Au, it is possible to use muons to fuse carbon-12 and chromium-53 with atoms A and B to produce zinc-65, which can then be held for a half-life of approximately 243 days and allowed to undergo positive beta decay emitting a positron, or to have a muon react with a proton to reduce Z by one and turn zinc into copper-63. *As another example, it is possible to use muons to fuse boron-10 and manganese-55 to produce zinc-65, which can then be held for a half-life to allow positive beta decay, or to have a muon react with a proton to reduce Z by one and turn zinc into copper. <Gallium Ga> One may attempt to muon fusion of atoms A and B with carbon-13 and iron-58 to produce germanium-71, which can then be converted to gallium-71 by the electron capture (EC) process (half-life 270.8 days). (Gallium-71 is also the atom used to detect neutrinos.) One may attempt to muon fusion of atoms A and B with nitrogen-14 and manganese-55 to produce germanium-69, which can then be converted to gallium-71 via a positive beta decay process (with a half-life of 39.05 hours). <Production of Platinum (Pt)> Atoms A and B can be fused with boron-11 and tungsten-184 to produce gold-195, which can then be held for a half-life of approximately 186.01 days to capture an electron, or the muon can react with a proton to reduce Z by one, turning gold-195 into platinum-195 (195Pt78). (Note that platinum-195 (195Pt78) may be fused with hydrogen-2·deuterium (2H1) to produce gold-197 (197Au79).) <Example of radioactive element conversion> In one embodiment of the present system, it may be used to convert high-level waste materials and atoms generated by the operation of a nuclear fission reactor, etc., into lower-level radioactive atoms. The present system may be used to irradiate Long-Lived-Fission-Products (LLFPs), such as 79Se and 93Zr, which have a long life span of several thousand years, and minor actinides (MAs), such as Am, Cm, and Np, with muons. Muons may be irradiated to difficult-to-enter areas due to high-energy waste, inside a reactor undergoing decommissioning, a reactor, or a reactor containing nuclear fuel debris to transmute the atomic nuclei in the waste. This application and this device are just ideas and it is unclear whether they can actually be put into practice, but it may be possible to generate muons using a muon generator and irradiate the muons (from a meson generation launch site that may be remote from the above-mentioned areas) toward a reactor or a building area containing fuel debris (a nuclear fuel debris area inside a reactor, a building) that is inaccessible due to the accumulation of radioactive waste due to an accident or other reason, to transmute LLFPs, etc. in the fuel debris. *Muons are used when decommissioning or LLFPs are to be reduced by nuclear transmutation, but there may be a problem that the muon target part is activated by muon generation. Therefore, by targeting helium (as well as hydrogen and lithium 7), the muon target part of the present application device is less likely to be activated, which may solve the problem of activation of the muon target when muon-based LLFP, MA, etc. are transmuted or muon nuclear fusion is performed. In this study, we propose a method to target hydrogen and helium during particle collisions to solve the problem of muon target activation. We also propose a method to target lithium-7.

[0082] <<Additional parts due to applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635, Patent Application No. 2023-151787, Patent Application No. 2023-174791, Patent Application No. 2023-196029, Patent Application No. 2023-196327, and Patent Application No. 2024-058388. (This application is an invention and requires demonstration.) <Problem><Problem that the invention aims to solve> We are considering a device to slow down muons. We want to slow down cosmic muons originating from natural cosmic rays in a large area. We want to slow down muons obtained from mesons obtained by artificial means such as colliding particles accelerated by an accelerator. <Solution> <Means for solving the problem> The present specification and Figures 18 to 20 show ideas related to the solution. Figure 21 shows a transportation device 3 / structure 3 that uses cosmic rays or cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation by slowing them down, and uses the energy from the nuclear transmutation as an energy source for propulsion and power generation.

[0083] <Description of the Preferred Embodiments and Drawings> <Example of implementation 1> <Ionization cooling> Negative muons may be slowed down using ionization cooling. Ionization cooling is based on the fact that a properly prepared muon beam passes through a suitable material (absorber) and loses momentum / slows down due to ionization. Absorbers using hydrogen or lithium, which are atoms with low atomic number Z, are preferred. Cooling with both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers is known according to the following reference 1. (Reference 1: International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration, Nature volume 578, pages 53-59 (2020)) A part of the solenoid cooling and deceleration channel will be constructed and operated to perform muon ionization, cooling and deceleration using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers. *It may be possible to use the target part T1 for muon fusion and nuclear transmutation, such as azan containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, or borane containing boron and hydrogen (carbon-12, etc.), which has a low atomic number Z and binds muons to promote nuclear transmutation in this application, as the absorber. *Muons may be bonded to hydrogen ions to form muonic atoms and decelerate them. Muons may be bonded to atoms heavier than hydrogen, such as boron or nitrogen, to form muonic boron atoms, muonic nitrogen atoms MP1, MA1, etc. (MP1, MA1 may be decelerated), and then injected into a fuel material target section T1 containing hydrogen. (In the configuration of B in FIG. 16, muonic atom MA1 of atom A may be formed, and MA1 may be decelerated by some means using an electric field (magnetic field), and then MA1 may be irradiated, injected, or collided with target section T1-B, which may contain atom B for nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation, to cause muonic nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. <Frictional cooling>* A carbon film may be placed on the target part T1 that is irradiated with negative muons, and the muons may be decelerated by friction (frictional deceleration / frictional cooling) as they pass through the carbon film. The muons may be attenuated by a carbon film containing carbon-12 (or a carbon film for frictional cooling made of carbon-12) for frictional cooling (frictional deceleration), or the muons decelerated within the carbon film may bond with carbon-12, and then the carbon-12 may be muon-transmuted. *In addition to carbon membranes, solid and liquid parts that can become T1·FEED with low Z such as boron hydride can also be considered. Ionization cooling effect can also be used in combination with low Z elements such as hydrogen. <Decelerator using a decelerating cavity> A particle accelerator or linear accelerator may be used for muon deceleration. The configuration using a pulse power supply and deceleration cell described in the following reference is publicly known and may be used in the muon deceleration section of this application. (Reference: Negative muon deceleration device for condensed matter research, Chihiro Omori, Koichiro Shimomura, Masashi Otani, Seiji Kawamura, Tomohiro Takayanagi, Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan July 31 - August 3, 2019, Kyoto, Japan, PASJ2019 FRPI008) <Muon decelerator using pulsed laser> Figure 18 shows the muon decelerator 2MUDECE using a laser wakefield with a pulsed laser and the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS. Figure 18 is similar to the configuration of an inertial confinement laser-irradiated inertial confinement fusion reactor. However, in order to receive and decelerate muons raining down from space or muons originating from the accelerator / pion generation section, as shown in FIG. 18, instead of irradiating the laser from all directions (symmetric directions) as in the inertial confinement method, it is also possible to irradiate the target section with a laser in a direction that will receive the high-speed muons. For example, Figure 18(A) shows a configuration in which, when a high-speed cosmic muon is incident on the ground from space, the air, or the sky, a pulsed laser is irradiated onto the central target T1 from a hemispherical dome-shaped laser irradiation unit located on the ground to slow down the muon in the laser wakefield, and laser irradiation (facing the incoming muon in (B)) is performed to form a laser wakefield and slow down the muon. Also, the example of FIG. 18 is not limited to the use of space muons. In FIG. 18, an artificial muon M1 generated using an accelerator and accelerated particle collision process may be decelerated and injected into a target T1. A laser may be irradiated onto the target portion so that the artificial muon can be irradiated onto the target portion and the muon can be decelerated. *In one embodiment of the present application, it is sufficient to implement a configuration capable of irradiating a pulsed laser capable of forming a laser wake field or an electric field onto a target portion T1. The T1 may be a target capable of nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. In one embodiment, the system may be a nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation system using an atom with a small atomic number Z, such as carbon, nitrogen, boron, or hydrogen, for T1. *For example, in a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction between hydrogen atoms (H, D, T), helium is produced and the muons are trapped by the helium, causing the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction to stop. However, if the energy produced by the nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms exceeds the energy required to obtain and utilize natural cosmic rays / cosmic muons and the balance is balanced, it may be possible to use it as an energy source, so this application may also attempt to cause nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms in a system 1EXP-SYS having a part that decelerates cosmic muons, such as that shown in Figure 18, or in a structure 3 / transportation equipment 3 that includes it. (*Although the configuration in which muons are decelerated by an electric field is described, if the orbit of the high-speed muons can be changed by a magnetic field, it may be changed. Muons may be injected into the target part T1 by combining an electric field for deceleration and a magnetic field for deceleration and orbit change.) Fig. 18(A): When high-speed cosmic muons enter the ground from the space / air / sky side, a pulse laser is irradiated from a hemispherical dome-shaped laser irradiation unit located on the ground to the central target T1 on the space / air / sky side, the target is turned into plasma, and a laser wake field and electric field facing the space / air / sky side are generated, and the decelerator 2MUDECE is used to decelerate the muons. Also, high-speed muons M1F generated by the muon generator M1 may enter T1, where a laser wake field and electric field are formed to decelerate M1F to M1L, which is then bonded to atoms in T1. Figure 18(B): An explanatory diagram of pulsed laser injection from the laser irradiation part MDCL onto the target part T1 in Figure 18(A), a diagram of muon injection and deceleration, and an explanatory diagram of the formation of the plasma 2LASER-PLASMA and the laser wake field LWF / electric field 2LASER-EF. Figure 18(C): An explanatory diagram of the case where the decelerators 2MUDECE of Figure 18(A) are arranged in a horizontal direction in succession to form an array of decelerators. *One space muon reaches the air or ground per second per 60 cm2, so for example, 1.6 x 108 muons can reach an area of ​​1 km x 1 km per second. Therefore, a configuration in which the decelerators 2MUDECE are arranged to cover that area is assumed. *The array may be installed on land, sea, air, or space transportation equipment 3. Since muons can reach shallow areas, it may be possible to mount it on a submarine or underwater 3. *In one embodiment of the present application, the system may be a system capable of irradiating a pulsed laser and irradiating cosmic muons or fast muons. <Muon decelerator using elements that generate electric fields> As an example of using an electric field, an element capable of generating an electric field (which may include an electric double layer generating unit) composed of atoms with a small Z is shown in Fig. 20. The device in Fig. 20 may be capable of applying a pulse voltage / potential difference between the electrodes 2ER by a power supply unit so that the electric field can be generated in a pulsed manner. As one embodiment of the present application, the configuration in Fig. 19(A) may be performed using the device in Fig. 20. *An example of an element that forms an electric field is shown in Figure 20. In the system shown in Figure 20, when muons are incident on an electrode, an insulator layer, etc., a decelerator or decelerating element made of atoms with a small atomic number Z that are difficult to trap or weakly interact with muons may be used at the point of incidence. A: One form is a deceleration element 2FDELE that is constructed by alternately stacking highly insulating insulators such as diamond 2LZI and carbon electrodes 2ER (or metallic lithium, or a combination of metallic lithium mesh / grid electrodes, metallic lithium current collectors and carbon electrodes) and applying a voltage. Or a configuration using a pulse power supply and a sheet-type deceleration cell element. (Example 1: Carbon electrodes or lithium metal electrodes may be used for the electrodes, and diamond with a high insulating pressure (deposited to a thickness of several hundred nanometers or several micrometers) may be used for the insulator. Then, an element 2FDELE-LAM (series-connected capacitor, series-connected laminated capacitor) may be configured by connecting capacitor parts made of the electrodes sandwiching the insulator in series. A pulse voltage may be applied to the upper and lower electrodes of the element 2FDELE-LAM. Alternatively, a voltage may be applied individually to the electrodes of each element 2FDELE of the element 2FDELE-LAM. Example 2: The insulator 2LZI is a gas or liquid, and is an insulating solvent or fluid made of atoms such as carbon and hydrogen with low Z (an example of such a liquid is benzene, which is made of carbon and hydrogen and has a higher insulating strength than helium or air). Example 3: The insulator is a polymer made of atoms with low Z, such as polyethylene.) (Example: The insulator is a vacuum. *The insulating pressure is lower than that of diamond, and there is a risk that the element will become large.) The 2FDELE and the element 2FDELE-LAM may be a deceleration section, or may be a muon deceleration section that also serves as a target section for binding the decelerated muons M1·M1L. The 2FDELE and the element 2FDELE-LAM may contain atoms or compound molecules that become the target T1·FEED to be transmuted so that the muons can bind while decelerating, and for example, the insulator layer may contain atoms that can cause the nuclear fusion and transmutation claimed in this application, such as carbon-12, hydrogen, and nitrogen-15. (In the following, in B, a capacitor element using an electric double layer and an electric double layer electric field is used to use a solvent such as azan or a solvent such as azan containing an electrolyte as an insulating part, decelerator and target T1·FEED, and the atomic molecules that make up the electric double layer part, electrolyte and electrodes of the element may become T1·FEED.) B: As one embodiment, a capacitor element 2FDELE-EDL using an electric double layer such as the electric double layer capacitor shown in (B1) of Fig. 20 may be used. (At the ionization cooling point, muons are absorbed and passed through the absorber, but in item B, muons are absorbed or passed through the ion part and electric field part that form the electric double layer to decelerate the muons. In item B, the absorber is a device that forms an electric double layer or ions or atomic molecules around the electric double layer.) For example, a porous film 2ER-MPI obtained by applying a paste in which porous carbon particles such as activated carbon are dispersed and forming a film may be formed on an electrode 2ER, and the porous film 2ER-MPI may be impregnated with an electrolyte 2ELYT to form an electric double layer capacitor type element 2FDELE-EDL as shown in FIG. 20 (B2). A potential difference is applied between the two electrodes 2ER of the element 2FDELE-EDL to form an electric double layer 2EDL in the porous film 2ER-MPI. The electric double layer portion is an insulator and corresponds to the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Since an electric field can be formed in the electric double layer 2EDL portion, it may be attempted to use it as an electric field for muon deceleration. <Electrolyte> 2EDL has electrolyte ions arranged therein, which are contained in the electrolyte 2ELYT, and (assuming that muons can be decelerated by the electric field of 2EDL), the atoms of the ions can be combined with muons decelerated by the electric field, and the atoms of the ions can be transmuted or fused, so the ions of the electrolyte may be composed of atoms and molecules that are assumed to perform muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation described in this application. For example, ions containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen may be used for the electrolyte, or ions containing boron and hydrogen may be used. Ammonia containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, or an ammonium cation containing nitrogen-15, hydrogen and carbon-12, and a salt containing a fluorine anion may also be used for the electrolyte. (When using tetrafluoroborate BF4 anion consisting of fluorine and boron, if the boron and fluorine of the anion are fused to produce an atom with a larger Z than fluorine, the muon may be trapped by the atom with a larger Z, so raw material atoms and molecules for the anion may not have a large Z. Raw material atoms and molecules for the cation may also be used. On the other hand, it is assumed that even if BF4 anion is used, muons are not easily trapped by the negative ion BF4 anion. In that case, the BF4 anion is an anion consisting of B and F with a small Z and may not easily trap muons, so it may be used as an anion in the electrolyte, and may be used in this application. A salt consisting of an anion and cation with a low Z, e.g., tetraethylammonium and tetrafluoroborate BF4, etc. may be used as the electrolyte.) *The electrolyte 2ELYT may contain cations and ions used in ionic liquids. *2 Lithium fluoride (LiF) may be used as a simple salt in the electrolyte of ELYT. Lithium hydride (LiH) may be dissolved in a solvent that can dissolve lithium hydride and used as the electrolyte. * Considering a system in which the atomic number Z of the produced atom decreases compared to the raw atom before and after nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation (the opposite of a system in which Z increases to produce helium by nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, a system in which nitrogen-15 and hydrogen or boron and hydrogen fuse to produce helium, and a system in which carbon-12 is nuclear transmuted to helium), the element 2FDELE-EDL is assumed to use carbon-12 for the porous electrode 2ER-MPI, and a system in which LiF is dissolved in an azan solvent containing hydrogen and nitrogen-15 on the electrolyte 2ELYT side. (Lithium and fluorine are dispersed in the azan solvent in the form of ions, and fluorine can fuse with hydrogen in the azan to become alpha rays.) In the case of diethyl ether, which can dissolve lithium hydride in the electrolyte, it can exist as ions in the solvent in the form of lithium cations and hydride anions. Reacting lithium hydride with ammonia produces lithium amide. *Lithium amide LiNH2 is soluble in liquid ammonia, and LiNH2 consists of lithium cation Li+ and amino anion NH2-. Lithium amide LiNH2 dissolved in liquid ammonia (liquid azan) can be used as the insulator and electrolyte 2ELYT. Regarding the element system (2FDELE-EDL) using carbon electrodes and an azan solvent, when LiF is used as the electrolyte of the azan solvent (when metallic lithium or carbon current collectors are used), the fluorine atoms of the electrolyte LiF have a higher Z and effective nuclear charge than the carbon of the carbon electrode or the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms on the azan solvent side, so there is a risk that muons will be trapped (the atom with the highest Z in the element system becomes fluorine, and if the fluorine does not fuse with hydrogen and convert to helium, the muon will remain in fluorine and the nuclear transmutation reaction may stop). On the other hand, as one embodiment of the present application, when LiNH2 is used instead of LiF as the electrolyte, no atoms with a Z larger than nitrogen are used in the element system, so muons are less likely to be trapped and nuclear transmutation is expected to continue to occur. (Even if a muon binds to the N of the anion part NH2 of the LiNH2, it is expected that nuclear fusion will occur between N and H.) <Electrode> 2EDL is in contact with the porous membrane 2ER-MPI and the electrolyte 2ELYT. If the muons are decelerated by 2EDL and then reach the porous membrane 2ER-MPI made of carbon-12, it may be possible to muon-transform carbon-12. Therefore, in this application, the porous membrane 2ER-MPI may use a carbon electrode made of carbon-12. The electrode 2ER may contain a metallic lithium grid electrode or a highly conductive carbon material (e.g., carbon nanotubes) for the purpose of operating as a current collector. (It may be difficult to use iron, copper, silver, gold, etc., which have a large Z and tend to trap muons due to weak interactions, for the 2ER. In one embodiment of the present application, metallic lithium and carbon materials are used as a current collector with a low Z. However, if the electrode is provided in a thin wire and grid shape and has a structure that is unlikely to stochastically come into contact with and trap cosmic muons SM1 and muons M1 and M1F, which may be fast, flying and entering the element, it may be possible to use copper, silver, etc. for the current collector of the 2ER, so in another embodiment of the present application, the current collector and grid electrode part are not limited to metallic lithium and carbon materials.) <Electrolyte> 2EDL is in contact with electrolyte 2ELYT, and if muons M1L decelerate in 2EDL and then reach and bind with atoms of molecular atoms in the electrolyte or near 2EDL, muon nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion of the atoms or atoms themselves may be possible. For example, electrolyte 2ELYT may contain azan or hydrazine containing nitrogen-15 or hydrogen. Electrolyte 2ELYT may also be an organic solvent consisting of nitrogen-15, hydrogen, or carbon-12. *If muon nuclear fusion of hydrogen and oxygen atoms can occur, 2ELYT may use water, or 2ELYT may use a solvent containing oxygen. (2ELYT may use a solvent that is expected to be easy to cause nuclear fusion reactions, such as azan.) (Another example is an organic electrolyte or organic solvent using organic molecules with small Z atoms.) As the functional part of the 2ER-MPI, a deceleration element is configured by placing electrodes above and below the porous membrane and applying a voltage between the electrodes. The element is constructed from materials whose products after nuclear transmutation have a smaller Z than the products before nuclear transmutation. (Example: In the device (B), H, Li, B, C, N, O, F, and Ne. An electric double layer is generated by applying a voltage to a carbon electrode, an azan solvent, a solvent in which LiF electrolyte is dissolved, and a porous membrane electrode immersed in a solvent in which the electrolyte is dissolved. The porous membrane that generated the electric double layer is further layered on top of the layer to form a muon deceleration section.) (Insulator 2FDELE-EDL-MPI. Electrolyte electrolyte added to porous carbon electrodes 2ER and 2ER-MPI. For example, 2FDELE-EDL-MPI may contain electrolyte 2ELYT containing atoms such as nitrogen, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen that are the source atoms for the muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation.) For example, an electrolyte 2ELYT consisting of water or azan with small atomic molecules of Z, such as LiF or LiNH2 dissolved therein, may be sandwiched between two carbon-12 porous electrode parts 2ER-MPI, the electrolyte may be immersed in the porous electrodes, and a capacitor element 2FDELE-EDL may be constructed. A voltage may be applied between the two porous electrodes of the element 2FDELE-EDL using a power supply part to form an electric double layer at the interface between the porous electrode film and the electrolyte, and the electric field generated in the electric double layer part may be used as an electric field for slowing down muons. The elements 2FDELE-EDL may be stacked and connected in series in a layered and multi-stage manner to form an element stack 2FDELE-EDL-LAM. It may be configured or attempted to decelerate the high-speed muon M1 that crosses, traverses, or is incident on the element stack 2FDELE-EDL-LAM in the stacking direction when it crosses the element stack 2FDELE-EDL-LAM. *The electric double layer type element 2FDELE-EDL-LAM is one example, and if a simple electric field for deceleration can be formed by a deceleration cell or element, it may be used. Figure 20 shows an example of an element that generates an electric field (an example of a solar cell-like planar element). (The porous electrode 2ER-MPI in Figure 20 can be an electrode made of solidified carbon particles. 2ER-MPI is an electrode with a large porous surface area, such as activated carbon. 2ER-MPI is similar to the electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.) ●C: In addition, in relation to pyroelectric fusion, in which a pyroelectric body is changed in temperature to generate an electric field and accelerate fusion fuel atoms / ions to a target for collision fusion (or in relation to an X-ray source device that can generate X-rays or particle beams by bremsstrahlung by accelerating electrons (negative muons) in a pyroelectric body and colliding them with a target for X-ray generation), a voltage difference / polarization ( / electric field) is generated between the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side by heating / cooling the pyroelectric body, and this polarization P / electric field 2PYR-EF can be used as a muon deceleration field to obtain a decelerator 2MUDECE. (The pyroelectric device 2FDELE-PYR in (B) of Figure 19.) (A well-known example is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is a pyroelectric material that can be composed of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine with a small Z.) Figure 19(B): When cooled, the -Z surface is negatively charged and accelerates electrons and muons to the T1 part. *It is possible to form an electric field due to temperature change between +Z and -Z inside the pyroelectric 2PYR, and try to decelerate the muons entering the 2PYR using the electric field inside the 2PYR. In that case, the 2PYR can become T1, FEED, which combines with the decelerated muons. *2PYR may be a pyroelectric made of a material with low Z. (Example: polyvinylidene fluoride) Figure 19(A): Configuration using an element that generates an electric field. A decelerator using a pulsed laser and a plasma laser wake field may be arranged in an array or surface type. Alternatively, an accelerator may be arranged in an array or surface type in the direction in which the muons are decelerated to form a decelerator array. The element that generates an electric field may have an acceleration cell that generates an electric field, an insulator, a dielectric, a pyroelectric (ferroelectric, piezoelectric), and a means for generating an electric field (a means for controlling changes in the insulator, dielectric, electrodes, and potential in the case of an insulator / dielectric capacitor element, a means for controlling temperature changes, and a means for controlling changes in the electrodes and potential in the case of a pyroelectric device). T1-2BMU: A muon rotating (cyclotron motion) around magnetic field B and the area in T1 where it comes into contact (to increase the reaction area between the muon and T1, magnetic field B is applied to the muon to rotate it and mix the muon in T1) For example, if a muon is injected into a certain location and stops (then by thermal motion, like an electron moves by thermal motion) and diffuses to transmute the surrounding nuclear transmutation material, if it reacts with all the surrounding raw materials, the muon will not be able to come into contact with atoms that can react, and the nuclear transmutation may stop or slow down. Therefore, by applying magnetic field B to target T1 or the muon being irradiated to T1 in 2COIL, the muon will undergo cyclotron motion (rotational motion), and by rotating the muon within T1 by the magnetic field (it can also be rotated before being irradiated to T1), the muon will rotate and move within T1, as in the T1-2BMU section, and bind to the atoms that are the raw materials for nuclear transmutation, thereby continuing the nuclear transmutation reaction.

[0084] <3 transportation devices capable of obtaining muons from cosmic rays, 3 spacecraft, 3 space structures, 3 living quarters> 21 shows an explanatory diagram of a transportation device 3, a spacecraft 3, and a space structure 3 that can generate and use mesons and muons by receiving cosmic rays. The device 3 and structure 3 may be equipped with a muon decelerator array as shown in FIGS. 18 to 20. *An accelerator may be mounted on the transport device 3, and particles may be accelerated and collided using the accelerator to generate mesons, pions, and muons, which may be used in a nuclear transmutation system using muons. *On the other hand, the accelerator may be costly to build in space and to transport the delicate accelerator components (from Earth to space) while preserving their delicate structure during launch. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present application, an attempt may be made to configure a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS that generates muons in a spacecraft using cosmic rays, decelerates and collects the muons, and injects them into a target T1. At this time, 1EXP-SYS is assumed to operate as a nuclear battery, muon nuclear fusion battery, or muon nuclear transmutation battery using cosmic rays (as a power source that can operate even in places where sunlight does not reach, such as the surface of the moon). The cosmic rays (COSRAY1) are received by a cosmic ray receiving section in the transportation equipment or structure 3, and mesons, pions, and muons are generated in the cosmic ray muon conversion section 2MU-COSRAY. The muons are then collected (by being decelerated in a decelerator 2MUDECE), and transported to and irradiated with a target T1. *The idea is that (similar to how natural sunlight is captured by large-area solar cells and photoelectric conversion elements in solar power generation and then collected by an electrical circuit to be used as electricity), for example a large space habitat would be equipped with a cosmic ray-muon conversion unit 2MU-COSRAY that captures natural cosmic rays over a large area, and a decelerator array unit that slows down the muons generated by the conversion unit, and (using something like a net to capture large-area cosmic rays and muons, and something like a circuit to slow down and collect the muons) muons that are slower than cosmic rays would be harvested and irradiated onto target T1 for nuclear transmutation and power generation, which would then be used to power and propel structure 3. *Muon generators using known accelerators can generate 100 to 100 million muons per second per beam of several centimeters. On the other hand, on the ground and in the sky, muons originating from cosmic rays rain down on the palm of your hand at one muon per second. If a muon deceleration array, muon capture section, capture circuit, and muon injection section into a target could be configured over an area / zone equivalent to 1,000 palms, it may be possible to use 1,000 muons per second for nuclear transmutation without using an accelerator. Therefore, this application proposes a system for utilizing, decelerating, and capturing cosmic rays and cosmic muons over a large area. These muons may be used in the nuclear transmutation system of this application (for power generation by nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, and for nuclear transmutation of LLFP). *The target part that collides with the cosmic rays, the muon target part (SMR1, 2MU-COSRAY) may be provided on the transportation equipment 3 such as the cosmic ray, artificial satellite, space probe, space structure, etc., and the target part may include gas (including helium, hydrogen atoms, oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the atmosphere). The target part may include liquid such as water. <Cosmic ray source> Cosmic rays coming from outside or within the solar system may be used as the source of cosmic rays (accelerated protons, helium ions, etc.). (Currently, the origin of some high-energy, high-velocity cosmic rays is thought to be due to supernova shock waves, supernova explosions, supernova remnants, etc. Cosmic rays generated and coming from celestial activity such as supernovae outside the solar system may be used.) If high-energy natural cosmic rays capable of generating muons and mesons can be obtained even outside the solar system, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS / nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS may be configured and implemented in which the cosmic rays COSRAY1 shown in FIG. 21 are received by a cosmic ray meson pion muon generating unit SMR1 on an exploration robot / exploration ship 3 capable of navigating outside the solar system, particle collisions are carried out to generate meson muons, the muons M1 / M1F, which may be at high speed, are decelerated by a decelerator 2MUDECE to obtain muons M1 / M1L, which may also be decelerated, and the muons M1 / M1L are irradiated and injected into a target unit T1 for muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation to perform muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation of atoms and molecules in the target unit. At this time, even in outer space outside the solar system where sunlight from the sun or stars does not reach, the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS and nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS are expected to operate as an atomic battery, muon nuclear fusion battery, and muon nuclear transmutation battery using cosmic rays. The system 1EXP-SYS is mounted on the probe robot 3 that travels outside the solar system and can extend the operating time. The probe robot 3 can collect atoms, T1, and FEED, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and boron, which are necessary for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, from natural celestial bodies such as terrestrial planets, Uranus-type planets, ice planets, and gas planets that contain carbon and nitrogen, as well as asteroids, as shown in Figures 21 and 5. (The energy required to generate one negative muon using the MERIT ring is 5 GeV / 1 negative muon or more. *If there are protons or cosmic rays accelerated to 5 GeV or more in the Van Allen belt, they can be used to generate cosmic muons. A computer or control unit equipped with a proton collision muon target in the inner proton-rich zone of the Van Allen belt (Van Allen belt) can be placed on a satellite-like device shielded against radiation, and the cosmic muons SM1 obtained by colliding protons inside the Van Allen belt as cosmic rays can be used for muon nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion on the satellite, or the cosmic muons can be irradiated and utilized in the form of a beam from the spacecraft toward other spaces or the ground.) *If there are many protons inside the Van Allen belt, it is possible to use protons in the Van Allen belt as a muon target, and place an artificial satellite or space structure equipped with an accelerator section capable of accelerating and colliding artificially accelerated protons or helium with protons in the Van Allen belt in outer space in the Van Allen belt, and generate mesons and muons through particle collisions using protons in the Van Allen belt as a muon target.

[0085] <Using a container that has been stripped of muons and cosmic rays> Computers, processing devices, and storage devices may be operated in the area where cosmic rays and muons have been removed or attenuated. Computers, processing devices, and storage devices may be operated in the area where cosmic rays and muons have been slowed down, reduced, or removed using the decelerator 2MUDECE (LM1Z: muon attenuation and removal section). (* Muons can be trapped by atoms in the ground to prevent them from reaching the Earth. Placing a computer underground or below 660m underground may reduce the effect of muons on computer elements. The Earth's ground surrounding the Earth contains high-Z atoms (such as silicon and iron) and can attenuate muons, so computers, electronic computers, and quantum computers can be installed and operated in underground sections made of high-Z materials and ground.) Processing units and memory units made up of semiconductor elements such as transistors, and electronic computers can be affected by muons, so it is acceptable to reduce muons. (Quantum computers that perform calculations using computing circuits including elements in a quantum state and quantum gates can also be affected by muons, so it is acceptable to reduce muons.) By locating the computer calculation, processing unit, and memory unit in LM1Z, a location where muons and cosmic rays have been removed, muons are prevented from interfering with or destroying the computer elements, computer calculation, processing unit, and memory unit.) <Using LM1Z for 3D or large-scale processing / calculating units> When semiconductor elements and quantum gate elements are stacked in three dimensions, the area in which the semiconductor and quantum gate devices become the collision target of muons increases in the height direction, and there is a risk that computer systems (servers) including the three-dimensional stacked elements may be susceptible to errors caused by cosmic rays such as muons. Therefore, in order to shield and reduce muons, a computer system including a processing unit and a memory unit in which elements are stacked in three dimensions may be placed and operated on LM1Z, which reduces muons. <Experimental environment without muons> (*It is expected that laser-based inertial fusion power generation units installed deep underground, such as Kamiokande, at 660m or less underground to prevent the arrival of cosmic muons, will be difficult to use because cosmic muons will have difficulty reaching them. On the other hand, laser-based inertial fusion power generation units installed on the ground or in the air may be able to reach cosmic muons and use them for nuclear fusion. Computers, electronic computers, and quantum computers may be installed and operated in the ground of celestial bodies such as the Earth and the Moon, 660m underground in the ground made of atoms with large Z, or underground in the crust of the relevant bodies, in order to slow down and attenuate muons and prevent them from reaching the Earth.)

[0086] <Supplementary information on the transmutation of carbon-12, reaction slowdown by atomic nuclei such as carbon-13 that may inhibit the transmutation of carbon-12> *Natural carbon on Earth is approximately 98.9% carbon-12, 1.07% carbon-13, and trace amounts of carbon-14. In one embodiment of the present application, a target T1 may be used that has a higher abundance of some isotopes and a lower abundance of others compared to the isotope abundances found in natural carbon. (Example: T1 of a carbon material has a high ratio of carbon-12 and carbon-13 and a low ratio of carbon-12 and carbon-13. Carbon materials that contain more or less carbon-13 than its natural abundance of 1.07%.) <When a proton in a carbon nucleus is replaced by a neutron through weak interaction with a muon> Carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 can undergo weak interactions in which protons in the nuclei bind with muons and turn into neutrons, producing boron-12 nuclei (12B, half-life 20.20 milliseconds), boron-13 (13B, half-life 17.16 milliseconds), and boron-14 (14B, half-life 12.36 milliseconds), which have isotopic half-lives and lifetimes longer than the muon's lifetime. Boron-13 decays to carbon-13 in 17.16 ms with a probability of about 99.74% and to carbon-12 with a probability of about 0.26%. Boron-14 decays to carbon-13 in 12.36 ms with a probability of about 99.74% and to carbon-12 with a probability of about 0.26%. For carbon-12, the muon can bind with a proton in the carbon-12 nucleus to form a neutron and a neutrino, and the carbon-12 nucleus can become a boron-12 nucleus. Boron-12 decays and transforms into carbon-12 with a half-life of 20.20 milliseconds with a probability of about 99.4% and into beryllium-8 (and then two helium-4) with a probability of about 0.60%. <When an excited carbon nucleus binds to a muon and decays> The muon bonds with the carbon-12 nucleus to become excited carbon-12C*, which can then be transmuted into three helium atoms. In one embodiment of the present application, a carbon material consisting of carbon-12 atoms may be irradiated with muons and bonded to them to attempt to transmute the carbon-12 nucleus into a muon. Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are stable nuclei in the ground state. Carbon-14 decays by beta decay with a half-life of about 5700 years to nitrogen-14 atoms. When a muon binds to a carbon-12 nucleus, the carbon-12 nucleus is converted into a boron-12 nucleus through a muon nuclear capture reaction, and when the muon reaches the end of its life, the muon's rest mass energy of 106 MeV (or a portion of the rest mass energy, 10-20 MeV) can be imparted to the boron-12 nucleus and carbon-12 nucleus (transferring the excitation energy to the carbon nucleus adjacent to the excited nucleus), exciting the carbon-12 nucleus and converting it to helium (or other atomic nucleus); therefore, the carbon-12 nucleus can be muon transmuted by irradiating and binding the muon to the carbon-12 nucleus. It is assumed in this application that the carbon atom is excited and transmuted into multiple helium nuclei (three atomic nuclei). *The carbon-12 nucleus is a boson with spin integer multiples consisting of three boson alpha particles, and the carbon-12 nucleus is said to have a Hoy state at about 7.5 MeV from the ground state. (It also has an excited state at 9.93 MeV from the ground state.) The Hoy state is thought to be a state in which three alpha particles are Bose-Einstein condensed. *In this application, it is assumed that the excited carbon-12 nucleus (12C*) bound to a muon is excited to the Hoy state or an excited state with higher energy, and is transmuted into three helium atoms after the excitation. *The carbon-13 nucleus contains three alpha particles with spin 0 and one neutron with spin 1 / 2 as impurities, and the excitation energy required to excite the carbon-13 nucleus to the Hoy state or a higher energy excited state may be larger than that of carbon-12. However, carbon-13 may generate more energy than carbon-12 when converted from carbon to alpha rays, so this application is not limited to not using carbon-13. In one embodiment of the present application, a carbon material consisting of atoms of a specific carbon isotope may be irradiated with muons and bonded to the material, thereby attempting to convert the nuclei of the specific carbon isotope into muons. Carbon-13 is found in smaller quantities than carbon-12 in nature. If carbon-13 could be divided into helium units, it would become two helium-4s and one helium-5. (Helium-5 emits a neutron and decays into helium-4.) Neutrons can be slowed down by a moderator such as carbon, and undergo beta decay. When conducting an experiment to bind muons to carbon-13, a carbon material with a higher abundance of carbon-13 than that found in natural carbon materials may be used as T1. *The carbon-14 nucleus is a particle that contains three alpha particles and two neutrons with spin 1 / 2. The present application is not limited to not using carbon-14. For example, if carbon-14 is contained in radioactive atoms in activated carbon material, and the carbon-14 is excited by irradiating it with muons and nuclear transmuted or decomposed into alpha rays or particles, it may be possible to reduce the amount of radioactive carbon-14 atoms in the carbon material, and to attempt to reduce the amount of radioactive carbon-14 waste. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present application, muons may be irradiated onto carbon-14. In the present application, muons may be irradiated onto carbon or carbon isotopes. *In one embodiment of the present application, the target T1 of the transmutation source atoms, which may be carbon-12 (carbon isotopes such as carbon-12 and carbon-13), may be doped with trace amounts of atoms that act as catalytic poisons for the muon-catalyzed fusion and muon-catalyzed transmutation reactions. For example, it is conceivable to intentionally dope a very small amount of nuclei with large effective nuclear charge such as iron Fe, tungsten W, lead Pb, or bismuth Bi into a target made of carbon isotopes (a target T1 made of a carbon material made of carbon isotopes) as a trap point with large Z. *Carbon materials may be produced by increasing the proportion of any of the (easily transmuted) carbon isotopes (carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14) in the carbon material target T1 while blending in atoms such as the catalyst poison (which may be a carbon isotope that is difficult to transmute by muon irradiation). *A carbon material target T1 may be constructed in which the proportion of carbon isotopes that are difficult to transmute by muon irradiation is reduced (while leaving an amount that acts as a catalyst poison, or by doping with high-Z atoms that act as a catalyst poison) and the proportion of isotopes that are easily transmuted by muon irradiation is increased. **In one embodiment / supposition of this application, carbon-12 (or a given easily transmutable carbon isotope A) alone may initiate a chain reaction in which a muon binds to carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and is converted to helium, but the reaction may be slowed / stopped by blending carbon-13 (a given carbon isotope with another less transmutable carbon isotope B) into it. Even if carbon-13 (isotope B) and a muon combine, it may be difficult for carbon to be converted to helium due to the high excitation energy. For example, when a muon is irradiated onto a carbon target T1 that is 99% carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and 1% carbon-13 (said isotope B), there are 99 carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and 1 carbon-13 (said isotope B) in T1, and (for a total of 100 groups of 99 carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and 1 carbon-13 (said isotope B),) the muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation reaction can decay only 99 carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) into helium when it finally reaches carbon-13 (said isotope B). Similarly, if carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) is 99.9% and carbon-13 (said isotope B) is 0.1%, a muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation reaction can decay 999 atoms of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) into helium when the muon finally reaches carbon-13 (said isotope B). (Similarly, if carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) is 99.99% and carbon-13 is 0.01%, it can decay 9999 atoms of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) into helium.) By controlling the ratio of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A), which is the raw material atom / transformation fuel atom for muon nuclear transmutation (muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation) contained in the carbon target T1, and carbon-13 (said isotope B), which is the catalytic poison atom for muon nuclear transmutation (muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation), it may be possible to change the number of catalytic reactions / reaction cycles of muon nuclear transmutation (muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation) within carbon T1. Therefore, in this application, it is preferable to be able to control the ratio of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and the ratio of carbon-13 (said isotope B) contained in the carbon target. The target portion T1 may have an increased abundance ratio of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) compared to the abundance ratio of natural carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) and carbon-13 (the isotope B). For example, a target T1 containing 98.9% or more of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A) (e.g., containing 99.9% or more, 99.99% or more of carbon-12 (or carbon isotope A)) may be used. Splitting carbon-12 with helium gives three helium-4 atoms When carbon-13 is split with helium, it produces two helium-4 atoms and one helium-5 atom, and the helium-5 atom decays very quickly into a neutron and helium-4 atom. When carbon-14 is split by helium, we get two helium-4s and one helium-6 (or two helium-4s and two helium-5s), and after 806 milliseconds, 99.999% of the helium-6 decays into lithium-6, with the remaining % decaying into helium-4. **In one embodiment or assumption of the present application, carbon-14 decays to nitrogen-14, which has a higher Z, and since nitrogen-14 can trap muons, it is preferable that it is not present or that the amount of nitrogen-14 present is small in the target portion T1 that uses carbon. Carbon-14 exists in the natural world on Earth in extremely small amounts, its abundance ratio being only about one billionth of that of carbon-12. However, if carbon-14 undergoes beta decay in some way after being trapped by a muon, it will become the stable isotope nitrogen-14, and since nitrogen-14 has a larger effective nuclear charge than carbon, it can trap muons and stop muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation and fusion reactions, so it is preferable to use a target part T1 containing carbon-12 from which carbon-14 has been removed. *On the other hand, if all carbon-14 is completely removed from carbon, there may be a case where the muon-catalyzed nuclear conversion reaction (muonuclear conversion reaction) of carbon-12 (the isotope A) occurs too much. Therefore, the target T1 part may be configured by intentionally including a very small amount of carbon-13 (the isotope B) or carbon-14 (an amount less than the natural abundance ratio) in carbon-12 (the isotope A). Carbon-13 (the isotope B) or carbon-14 may be included in a very small amount in the T1 part containing carbon-12 (the isotope A) and used as an atom for stopping the chain reaction of the catalytic reaction (catalytic poison-like atom) so as to stop the nuclear conversion reaction of carbon-13 (the isotope B) or carbon-14 before it occurs too much. If the target T1 consists only of carbon-12 (the isotope A) (if carbon-12 (the isotope A) binds to a muon and is converted into helium), all of the carbon-12 (the isotope A) in T1 may undergo a nuclear conversion reaction and release energy. On the other hand, by blending carbon-13 (the isotope B) and carbon-14 in a predetermined ratio into the carbon-12 (the isotope A) of T1, it may be possible to control the number of cycles of the nuclear conversion reaction so that it does not increase too much.

[0087] <Combination with other nuclear fusion methods> *A configuration in which the electric field (laser wakefield, laser) described in the present application is used to decelerate muons and can be introduced into the nuclear fusion fuel atom part may be combined with other nuclear fusion methods such as a laser inertial confinement fusion reactor or a magnetic confinement fusion reactor to perform nuclear fusion and nuclear conversion. <When used for nuclear conversion of substances such as LLFP> When generating energy by nuclear conversion, as described above, one muon reaches the palm per second, and an attempt is made to perform nuclear conversion using it. On the other hand, when performing nuclear conversion of the waste LLFP of the fission path or fusing some atomic nuclei using muons to convert them into another atomic nucleus, the number of muons required increases. A nuclear conversion plant may be provided over a vast land area using cosmic rays and cosmic muons in outer space or on the ground to perform nuclear conversion. On the other hand, there is a concern that the amount of muons obtained from natural cosmic rays and cosmic muons on the ground or in space is too small to transmute. For example, even if a 1km square cosmic muon capture device is used on the ground to obtain 10^8 muons per second, it will not be enough to transmute 1 mole of atoms (6.02*10^23) even over a year (365*24*3600 seconds). Therefore, it would be preferable to have a muon generator on the ground or in space that can generate more muons per unit time and area than cosmic muons without relying on cosmic muons. For example, in the configuration of Figure 15, in addition to the circular accelerator, a particle accelerator and acceleration cavity using a laser wake field may be used to accelerate protons and helium and collide them with a muon target to generate mesons and muons.

[0088] <Effects of the Invention> In addition to the above, the following are provided. *When a muon binds to carbon-12 and a nuclear transmutation reaction can occur, if only carbon-12 is used, the nuclear transmutation reaction of carbon-12 can occur efficiently (explosively, like a chain reaction); however, according to the invention of this application, when it is desired to prevent explosive nuclear transmutation and control the reaction for power generation, it becomes possible to introduce or dope an atom that becomes the control stopping point of the reaction. If a muon is injected into carbon-12 or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen atoms, a nuclear transmutation reaction may occur and the reaction may go too far. In order to control the reaction, it will be possible to introduce atoms that stop the reaction (atoms that are difficult to transmute or that can trap muons at high Z), allowing the nuclear transmutation system to be operated safely. (Similar to the relationship between the nuclear fuel and the control rods in a nuclear fission reactor, the nuclear transmutation of the raw material atoms for nuclear transmutation can be controlled by doping with atoms that inhibit nuclear transmutation.) *We propose a muon decelerator using a laser wakefield, laser or laser and plasma, and a nuclear transmutation system using it. *When it is necessary to operate a muon nuclear transmutation system using cosmic muons, we focus on electronic components with a two-dimensional surface, such as solar cells that receive sunlight over a large area and obtain electricity, as a moderation element that slows down and captures cosmic muons over a large area and irradiates them on a target section. With the intention of producing a surface-type device that can slow down cosmic muons over a large area, we propose elements that form a muon moderation field using insulator capacitor elements, capacitor elements with an electric double layer section, and pyroelectric / dielectric elements. *Spacecraft, aircraft and transport equipment that use cosmic rays and cosmic muons may be able to use muons without having to install accelerators. If cosmic muons could be slowed down and used without consuming the energy required to artificially generate them using accelerators, the energy balance of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation could be significantly improved. *On the other hand, for the purpose of nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste such as LLFP, an artificial muon generator is required. For example, the MERIT ring method, which can generate 10^16 muons per second, has been developed. This application is not an invention that uses only cosmic muons. This application may use artificially generated muons. It is also important to use a muon generator to operate a nuclear transmutation system in places where cosmic muons cannot reach, or when the number of cosmic muons increases or decreases due to natural phenomena and cannot be used. Both cosmic muons and muons from muon generators are fast muons, so it may be possible to try using the decelerator invented in this application to decelerate muons and bind them with target atoms in a thin region / limited target T1 region and use them for muon nuclear transmutation. <Industrial Applicability> In addition to the above, the following is stated: The muon nuclear transmutation system using carbon-12 and the muon nuclear fusion / transmutation system using nitrogen-15 and hydrogen using the invention of this application can obtain energy from muons obtained from a spacecraft in outer space, even in the darkness between stars where the sunlight of stars such as the sun or stars does not reach, by using them for muon nuclear transmutation, or by using a muon generator and muon decelerator installed inside the spacecraft, and may be able to power spacecraft and exploration robots traveling between stars. (It may be an energy source in places where sunlight does not reach and it is difficult to obtain energy from space solar power generation.) It may also be possible to find resources of low-Z atoms such as carbon and nitrogen, which may be present in relatively large quantities on celestial bodies in outer space, harvest and recover these atoms, and perform nuclear transmutation of these atoms to use them as power sources for spacecraft and structures, as well as power sources for propulsion devices. Alpha rays may be used as a propellant to propel the spacecraft 3. Alpha rays may also be used as a power source and propulsion for the spacecraft 3 by generating gamma rays / photons using the AEC unit (the AEC unit in FIG. 21 that converts the energy of alpha rays into photon gamma ray energy), releasing the photons to the rear of the spacecraft 3, and propelling the spacecraft 3 by the reaction / reaction, thereby accelerating and propelling the spacecraft 3 to a higher speed than when photons are used as a propellant. Assuming that the spaceship 3 travels between stars, it will propel and move to the target space using alpha rays or photons as propellant and arrive there. When the spaceship 3 approaches the target space and needs to decelerate, the system of the present application may be used as the power or propulsion when decelerating and braking the spaceship 3 by releasing the propulsion device part that emits alpha rays or photons of the spaceship 3 forward of the spaceship 3 and propelling the spaceship 3 to decelerate by the reaction or recoil. It is also possible to imagine a spacecraft or exploration robot that calculates the nuclear transmutation raw materials and fuel required for accelerating and decelerating spacecraft 3 to the destination, decelerates once near a waypoint at the destination, collects raw material atoms for nuclear transmutation from a local celestial body, and then accelerates again, repeating this process to propel the spacecraft to the desired destination in space.

[0089] <Brief Description of the Drawings> <Explanation of Symbols> <Figure 18>*A configuration for a laser-based inertial confinement fusion reactor that combines muon deceleration with muon deceleration by a laser wakefield using a laser pulse (a system in which the target part of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor is used as a small Z nucleus such as B, C, or N)*MDC-LASER (MDCL) laser source, pulsed laser source*Publicly known laser source for laser wakefield accelerators (A) 1F-SYS: Nuclear fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Nuclear transmutation system. MDCL: Laser irradiation part for target part T1 T1·FEED: Target part T1, raw material atoms. (In the case of Figure 18, it may also serve as the gas, molecules, and atoms that are the source of plasma for forming the laser wake field.) 2MUDECE: Muon decelerator, particle decelerator (B) 2LASER-EF: Laser wakefield (LWF) and electric field (2LASER-EF) formed by a laser. Electric field that slows down muons. 2 LASER-PLASMA: Plasma generated by irradiating T1 with a laser. It may contain T1, and muons may bind to T1, which is also a plasma, after deceleration. SM1: Cosmic muon, cosmic muon source M1: Muon, muon source M1F: Fast muons M1L: Decelerated muon (C) Schematic of how muons are slowed down (captured) and irradiated into T1 by an array of decelerators using laser wakefields over a large area. M1, SM1, M1F: Fast muon source (when using SM1, the area is equivalent to 1,000 palms) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: Array of decelerators. M1L: Decelerated muons. T1: Target. (When the target T1 of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor is a T1 that muons can reach, and an electric field that slows down muons is formed by the pulsed laser, if the muons are slowed down by the electric field, muon fusion between T1 atoms may also occur as a result of the muons bonding with T1 atoms.) <Fig.19> (A) 2MDCE-2DFD: A surface-type element (large-area array is also possible) that generates an electric field as one form of 2MUDECE. The part may be capable of generating an electric field or a magnetic field. 2MUDECE: Reducer. muon decelerator PWSP: Power supply unit. A means for applying voltage or potential difference to the 2MDCE-2DFD, or for applying an electric field. (Power supply for generating an electric field or magnetic field) (Power supply for generating temperature when generating an electric field by temperature change, such as in the case of pyroelectric bodies. Source of temperature change) 2MUCAP: Muon capture unit. LM1Z: A muon attenuated / removed area. Muons are attenuated by 2MUDECE and captured / removed by 2MUCAP, and the area is not easily reached by cosmic rays / muons. (LM1Z may be formed from a muon decelerator and a capture section, or it may be a section deep underground that naturally contains high-Z atoms.) T1: Target T1-2COILB: The point where a magnetic field is applied to T1 using a coil. 2COIL: A means for applying a magnetic field B to the target T1 and muons. Coil. T1-2BMU: T1-2BMU: A muon rotating (cyclotron motion) around magnetic field B and the point where it comes into contact with T1 (to increase the reaction area between the muon and T1, the muon is rotated by applying magnetic field B and the muon is stirred without T1) (B) 2FDELE-PYR: Pyroelectric device (an element that generates an electric field in a pyroelectric by changing the temperature of the pyroelectric, and uses the electric field to slow down muons. In one embodiment, it may be considered a form of a capacitor element in which a pyroelectric and a dielectric are sandwiched between electrodes. The 2FDELE-PYR may be an element that can be arranged over a large area and is planar.) VOLT-C: GND / Voltage control section T1: Target. FEED. (It may be the electrode part 2ER of the target T1 controlled by VOLT-C.) 2PYR-EF: Electric field generated by pyroelectric body. Muons may be slowed down in this area. 2PYR: Pyroelectric. *2PYR may be the target T1 for muons. P: Polarization. 2PYR-PEF: Electric field inside the pyroelectric body. Muons may be slowed down in this area. 2ER: Electrode part TEMP-C: Temperature change means, heater / cooler section -Z surface: The thickness and height of the pyroelectric element in the z direction, toward the target, upward on the drawing. +Z surface: The Z in the direction of the heater side, downward on the drawing. <Figure 20> 2MUDECE: A muon decelerator constructed using capacitor elements as shown in the figure. (A) A voltage is applied to an insulating capacitor to create an electric field in the insulator (made of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons). 2ER: Electrodes (examples) Electrodes made of low Z atoms. Carbon electrodes, lithium metal electrodes 2LZI: Insulator (Examples) Insulators made of low Z atoms. Carbon insulators, diamond, hydrocarbon solvents, etc. 2ER and 2LZI may be made of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons. In addition, 2ER and 2LZI can also function as a capacitor element and as the target T1 portion that bonds with the muon decelerated when an electric field is formed to decelerate the muon, so 2ER and 2LZI may contain source atoms that can cause muon nuclear transmutation or muon nuclear fusion, such as carbon-12, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen. (For example, 2LZI is an insulator containing carbon-12, and 2ER is a carbon-based electrode made of carbon-12 that contains metallic lithium as a current collector, mesh electrode, bus bar, or busbar.) *2ER may be connected to other circuits. For example, 2ER may be pulled out from the deceleration section and connected to copper or aluminum wires, circuits, or bus bars (away from the deceleration section) so as not to interfere with muon deceleration or utilization. 2FDELE: An element that creates an electric field, a capacitor element formed by sandwiching 2LZI between 2ER. *When multiple capacitor elements are used, the elements may be connected in series in the electrical circuit. *Explanatory diagram of slowing down cosmic muons by arranging capacitor elements over a large area. The elements are capacitor-type sheet devices, and it is expected that they will become solar cell-like planar elements. 2FDELE-LAM: A stack of 2FDELE elements. (2FDELE are electrically connected in series in the height and stacking directions.) PWSP: Power supply unit. A power supply unit that applies a potential difference / voltage to the capacitor element 2FDELE or 2FDELE-LAM to form an electric field within the capacitor element. (B1) Applying voltage to an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) to form an electric field (composed of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons) 2ER: Electrode 2FDELE-EDL-MPI: A portion including an electric double layer. An electric double layer is formed at the interface of a porous membrane, and the electric double layer portion serves as an insulator or dielectric (or corresponds to the portion). Porous electrode. PWSP: Power supply section. Pulse power supply section. 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may be made of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons. In addition, 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP can be a capacitor element and can also be the target T1 part that binds with the muon decelerated when an electric field is formed to decelerate the muon, so 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may contain source atoms that can cause muon nuclear transmutation and muon nuclear fusion, such as carbon-12, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen. 2FDELE-EDL: An element that generates an electric field. A capacitor element / electric double layer capacitor element formed by sandwiching 2FDELE-EDL-MPI between 2ER. 2FDELE-EDL-LAM: A stack of 2FDELE-EDL elements (2FDELE-EDL are electrically connected in series in the height and stacking directions). (B2) Enlarged view of EDLC section 2ER-MPI: Porous membrane, porous electrode (EG: porous carbon electrode), porous electrode of electric double layer capacitor. 2EDL: Electric double layer formed on the electrode 2ER-MPI-MICRO: Enlarged area of ​​2ER-MPI, porous electrode part. 2ELYT: Electrolyte (contains electrolyte) <Figure 21> An explanatory diagram of a spacecraft or space structure that generates muons from cosmic rays, decelerates them, and uses them for nuclear transmutation and energy to drive transportation equipment. 3: Transportation equipment 3, energy supply objects 3 (including aircraft, spacecraft, space structures, satellites, space stations, space habitats, lunar bases, lunar far-side bases, and structures not exposed to sunlight) COSRAY1: Cosmic rays 2MU-COSRAY: The part that receives cosmic rays and produces mesons, pions, and muons. Muon production source. SMR1. It can be an array of 2MU-COSRAYs, or a configuration in which muons can be injected into 2MUDECE. SM1: Cosmic muon. A muon produced by cosmic rays. A1: Particle accelerator. Particle generator / irradiator M1: muon system, P1: proton system. MA1: Muonic atom generator. Artificial muons (muonic atoms) may be slowed down to muonic atoms. M1F: Fast muon (SM1 or fast M1) 2MUDECE: *MUDECE muon decelerator, decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY may also be used. (2MUDECE may include 2MUCAP, a part that captures and transfers muons.) M1L: Decelerated muon T1-HARVESTER: A method of harvesting T1 from other planets, moons, and celestial bodies, a source of T1. A method of harvesting fuel from outside (asteroids, natural celestial bodies) FEEDC1: Fuel F1 (FEED), supply for target T1. *T1·F1 containment vessel·fuel storage, target automatic exchange device, T1·fusion / transmutation fuel supply system. 1R: Nuclear transmutation and fusion reactor. 1F-SYS: Nuclear fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Nuclear transmutation system. T1, F1: Target section for atoms to be transmuted. Feed section. Transmutation fuel section. Transmutation reaction section / core section. In the T1 section, muons and T1 are coupled to promote muon nuclear transmutation. HE1: Products of nuclear transmutation at T1, e.g. high energy helium alpha particles. AEC: Alpha ray energy converter. This is the part that converts the energy of alpha rays into other energy. The AEC may be a traveling-wave direct energy converter (TWDEC). The AEC may be a direct energy converter that converts the kinetic energy of the generated particles into electrical energy. Example: A part that bends the direction of alpha rays, which have high energy (high kinetic energy), (using a bending means, the magnetic field of coil 2, etc.) to cause synchrotron radiation and bremsstrahlung, and converts them into synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons (light energy). (*Alpha rays can be stopped even by thin paper. Therefore, alpha rays can be stopped by a part that stops them, such as paper or a sheet, to cause bremsstrahlung. Alpha rays can also be stopped by a sheet made of low-Z atoms to generate photons. When alpha rays are stopped, gamma rays are generated, which would cause the reactor to become activated, so atoms that are difficult to activate (low-Z atoms) can be used to stop the alpha rays.) *By mutual use of alpha rays and material atoms, atoms may be excited by the excitation effect of alpha ray collision, or atoms may be ionized by ejecting electrons from the atoms through ionization. The phenomenon of alpha rays being scattered by atoms may also be caused. *When gamma rays interact with matter and the photon energy is 1.022 MeV or more, electron pair production (a pair of a positron and an electron) can occur, so it may be possible for electron pair production and positron production to occur in the AEC section. The AEC section may use the photoelectric effect to convert energy or generate high-speed electrons (photoelectrons). The Compton effect may be caused by gamma rays colliding with electrons in a substance, causing the electrons to be scattered, resulting in the generation of Compton electrons. *We want to avoid the nuclides of the materials that make up the AEC section and reaction path 1R being converted into radioactive elements by photonuclear reactions, but since high-Z nuclei can have many paths that can produce neutrons and become radioactive nuclei in photonuclear reactions, it may be better to refrain from using them and use low-Z nuclei instead. (However, since high-Z atoms have a higher ability to absorb and shield gamma rays, this does not mean that we are limited to not using high-Z atoms.) *When nuclear transformation occurs at T1 and alpha rays are generated, the direction of the alpha rays can be bent using the magnetic field of coil 2 to promote the production of synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons. 1PRPLT: Propellant. Propellant ejected behind 3 during acceleration and propulsion. Photons, alpha rays, etc. Also, propellant for electric propulsion or rocket propulsion. (When propelling through the atmosphere, 1TH is the atmosphere or air ejected by the jet thruster or propeller motor.) 1TH: Propulsion means. (Thruster that emits alpha rays, thruster that ejects photons, electric thruster, etc. Propeller motor, jet engine, etc.) 1TH-NZ: Nozzle (1TH and 1TH-ZL may be able to change the direction of the propellant ejection. For example, when 3 accelerates, the propellant is ejected behind 3, and when 3 decelerates, the propellant is ejected in front of 3.) 1GENR: Power generation unit. This part generates electricity using the helium energy of HE1. 3SYS: System 3 (may include the power electrical system, control system, and control unit of 3). May receive power from 1GENR. May supply power from 3SYS to devices and locations belonging to 3. <Figure 6> Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction system (A) using diborane (B) and a nuclear transmutation system using carbon (C) or nitrogen (D). M1: Muon generation and injection means (negative muon with appropriate velocity) In (A), diborane, which consists of hydrogen and boron-11, is irradiated with negative muons, causing muon fusion of the boron-11 and hydrogen in the diborane, transmuting them into excited carbon-12 nuclei (12C*), and then the carbon-12 is converted into three helium atoms. (C1) in (C) shows the process in which a muon binds to carbon-12 in carbon materials such as graphite and diamond, which are made of carbon-12, generating an excited carbon-12 nucleus (12C*), which is then converted into three helium atoms. In (D), azan-hydrazine containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen is irradiated with negative muons, causing muon nuclear fusion of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen in the azan, transmuting them into a carbon nucleus (12C*) and one alpha particle. (The remaining carbon-12C* is then converted into three helium atoms through the nuclear transmutation of carbon and muons.) (C2) and (C3) are hypothetical diagrams of what happens when a muon is irradiated inside an alkane molecule. Although it has not been confirmed how the reaction actually occurs, muonic nuclear fusion can occur between carbon-12 and hydrogen in the alkane. When a muon binds to a carbon-12 atom, it can be transmuted into three helium atoms. The effective nuclear charge ·Z of the carbon atom is larger than that of the hydrogen atom. *In the case of carbon-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction in methane, gamma rays and nitrogen-13 or nitrogen-14 can be produced, and nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 have a larger effective nuclear charge·Z than carbon, and it is easier for nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 to trap muons than carbon, so there is a risk that the muon nuclear fusion reaction may be hindered in the case of carbon-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction. *On the other hand, when muon nuclear fusion is performed between boron-11 and hydrogen or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, or when muon nuclear transmutation is performed to excite carbon-12 nuclei into three helium atoms, there is no emission of gamma rays in the reaction formula, but helium is produced and released (in the case of nitrogen-15, carbon-12 is produced, but if carbon-12 is excited and converted into three helium atoms), and there is a possibility that muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation reactions may occur continuously, and may be used in this application.

[0090] <<Examples of claims>> <Claim 12C1> A muon-based nuclear transmutation system that converts excited carbon-12 nuclei into helium. <Claim 12C2> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 12C1, characterized in that a carbon-12 nucleus and a muon are bonded to generate an excited carbon-12 nucleus. <Claim 12C3> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 12C1, characterized in that an excited carbon-12 nucleus is generated after muon nuclear fusion of boron and hydrogen. <Claim 12C4> A muon nuclear fusion system using the muon-based nuclear transmutation system according to claim 12C3, A muon catalyzed fusion system using a fusion reaction system characterized in that the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles produced by the fusion reaction is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles of a fusion fuel material, The muon catalyzed fusion system uses non-solid boron hydride or gaseous boron hydride as the fusion fuel material, and includes a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the boron hydride. <Claim 12C5> A muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system as described in Claim 12C4, comprising a step of compressing the boron hydride irradiated and injected with the muons. <Claim DECE1> A system for nuclear transmutation of target atoms / source atoms, comprising a step or means for decelerating muons, and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms / source atoms to be transmuted. <Claim DECE2> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DECE1, capable of decelerating muons using an electric field, a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, a photon, a laser wake field or an accelerator. <Claim DECE3> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DECE1, capable of irradiating a target atom or a raw material atom with a pulsed laser to generate an electric field or a laser wake field, and performing nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of the target atom or the raw material atom. <Claim DECE4> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DECE1, in which a pyroelectric body is used as a means for muon deceleration. <Claim DECE5> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DECE1, in which a capacitor and an electric field within the capacitor are used as a means for muon deceleration. <Claim DECE6> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DECE1, in which an electric double layer section, an electric double layer capacitor, and an electric field within the electric double layer are used as a means for muon deceleration. <Claim DECE7> The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is capable of decelerating cosmic muons or muons originating from cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and binding the decelerated muons to target atoms or raw material atoms to be transmuted. <Claim MUCYCB1> This nuclear transmutation system is characterized by the fact that the decelerated muons are subjected to rotational and cyclotron motion in the magnetic field in the target section T1, and the muons and atoms in T1 are moved and mixed in T1. <Claim MULCP1> A computer system characterized by operating electronic computers, quantum computers, processing devices, and storage devices at a location where muons are slowed down and attenuated. <Claim MULCP2> A computer system characterized by operating electronic computers, quantum computers, processing devices, and storage devices at a location where muons are slowed down, removed, and attenuated using a muon decelerator or an array of muon decelerators. <Claim MULCP3> A computer system characterized by operating electronic computers, quantum computers, processing devices, and storage devices in an underground space where muons are shielded using ground containing atoms with high Z and high effective nuclear charge, including iron and silicon. <Claim CSMUSP1> A transportation device equipped with a nuclear transmutation system that generates muons from cosmic rays, decelerates the muons, and injects them into a target section T1, and that generates muons from the cosmic rays by receiving the cosmic rays with the transportation device. <Claim MTPSP1> A transportation device that obtains photons from alpha rays produced by nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation using muons, and uses the photons as a propellant to accelerate and decelerate a space transportation device. <Claim 1> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, comprising a step of combining a muon with a source atom to obtain an excited atomic nucleus, and transmuting the excited nucleus into an atom having an effective nuclear charge or atomic number smaller than that of the source atom. <Claim 2> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 1, comprising a process for converting excited carbon-12 nuclei into helium. <Claim 3> A nuclear transmutation system using carbon-12 as a raw material atom, characterized in that a muon is bonded to a carbon-12 nucleus of a carbon material containing carbon-12 to generate an excited carbon-12 nucleus. <Claim 4> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 2, characterized in that an excited carbon-12 nucleus is produced after muon nuclear fusion of boron / boron-11 and hydrogen. <Claim 5> A muon fusion system using the nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 4, the muon catalyzed fusion system using a fusion reaction system characterized in that the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles produced by the fusion reaction is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles of a fusion fuel material, the fusion fuel material being a muon catalyzed fusion system using non-solid boron hydride or gaseous boron hydride, the muon catalyzed fusion system having a step of irradiating / injecting muons into the boron hydride. <Claim 6> The muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system according to claim 5, further comprising a step of compressing the boron hydride irradiated and injected with the muons. <Claim 7> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 1, characterized in that after muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen, nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, excited atomic nuclei are generated and then helium is generated. <Claim 8> A nuclear transmutation system using muons as described in claim 7, comprising a step of irradiating and introducing muons into azan in which nitrogen, nitrogen-15 and hydrogen are bonded. <Claim 9> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim 1, which uses muons and includes a process of slowing down the muons using an accelerator or muon decelerator capable of slowing down the muons, and then injecting and bonding the muons into atoms of a source material that undergoes nuclear transmutation. <Claim 10> A transportation device having the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9. <Claim 11> A power generation device having the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 10. <Claim 12> A nuclear transmutation system having the characteristic of being capable of generating an electric field or a laser wake field as a deceleration means for decelerating muons, the nuclear transmutation system being as described in claim 9 having the characteristic of being capable of generating an electric field or a laser wake field by irradiating a pulsed laser onto target atoms and raw material atoms. <Claim 13> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim 9, in which a pyroelectric material is used as a means for muon deceleration as a means for decelerating muons. <Claim 14> The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, wherein a capacitor or an electric field within the capacitor is used as a means for slowing down muons. <Claim 15> The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 15, wherein the electric double layer portion, the electric double layer capacitor, and the electric field inside the electric double layer are used as a means for muon deceleration. <Claim 16> A space structure equipped with the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, further comprising a cosmic muon generator that receives cosmic rays and generates muons originating from cosmic rays, and further comprising a means for decelerating the muons obtained from the cosmic muon generator, irradiating the muons onto raw atoms, and bonding them with the raw atoms. <Claim 17> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim 3, characterized in that when a muon can be bound to a carbon material made of carbon-12 and the muon can act as a catalyst to cause a chain reaction of nuclear transmutation, the carbon material is doped with an atom in which a nuclear transmutation reaction using a muon is less likely to occur than with carbon-12, or with a carbon-13 atom, or with an atom having a higher effective nuclear charge and atomic number Z than carbon and capable of trapping a muon.

[0091] <<Additional parts due to applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Patent Application No. 2023-150635, Patent Application No. 2023-151787, Patent Application No. 2023-174791, Patent Application No. 2023-196029, Patent Application No. 2023-196327, Patent Application No. 2024-058388, and Patent Application No. 2024-065053. (This application is an invention and requires demonstration.) Figure 22 shows an explanatory diagram of a hypothetical nuclear transmutation and fusion system that uses muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction. In the present application, it is assumed that a carbon material made of carbon-12 is irradiated with muons to obtain excited carbon-12 nuclei, which are then transmuted into helium. FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of this. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material and undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, converting it to a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. Excitation energy is then transferred from 12B* to the neighboring carbon-12 nucleus, generating excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted to helium, and the excitation energy is then transferred to the neighboring carbon-12. This process is repeated, and an explanatory diagram of how a carbon-12 nucleus in a carbon-12 carbon material is converted to helium using a muon. It is possible that a muon may bind to carbon-12 and undergo a nuclear capture reaction to generate an excited boron-12 nucleus, which may then be converted to helium while transmitting the excitation energy to adjacent carbon-12 atoms. Therefore, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS may be configured in which muons are irradiated into a carbon material containing carbon-12 to convert it into helium. (B1) An explanatory diagram of the case in which a muon is bound to an azan containing nitrogen-15, and a muon nuclear capture reaction occurs to convert it to carbon-15, which then produces nitrogen-15 after the half-life of the carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) Schematic diagram of muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge ·Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so it is assumed that the nuclear fusion reaction will continue.) Note: In paragraph number 0076 of the present specification, the sections "Use of carbon", "Viewpoint when muon is irradiated to carbon-12", and "Viewpoint of adjacent carbon atoms and excited carbon atoms" state that a carbon-12 nucleus and a muon bond to excite the carbon-12 atom, and the excitation energy is transferred to the neighboring carbon-12 atom by excitation energy transfer, converting the carbon-12 into helium (Figure 22). Figure 6 (C1) describes that the state and excitation energy of excited carbon-12 transfer to the neighboring carbon-12, and Figure 22 is shown as a specific example. Figure 6 does not describe that a muon bonds to carbon-12 to become boron-12, but Figure 6 at least shows that a carbon-12 atom is excited by a muon, and then the excitation energy is transferred to the neighboring carbon-12 atom, which is excited and converted into a helium atom. Figure 22 shows an example of the mechanism described in Figure 6 in Figure 22 (A). <Examples of claims> <Claim MUFRET1> A nuclear transmutation system that binds muons to carbon material consisting of carbon-12 atoms and transmutes carbon-12 into helium-alpha rays. <Claim MUFRET2> A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim MUFRET1, in which a carbon-12 atom is bonded with a muon to cause a muon nuclear capture reaction, converting the protons in the carbon-12 atom into neutrons while obtaining an excited boron-12 nucleus using a portion of the muon's rest energy as nuclear excitation energy, and transferring the excitation energy of the excited boron-12 nucleus to a carbon-12 nucleus in the carbon material located next to the excited boron-12 atom, exciting the carbon-12 nucleus and converting it into helium. <Claim MUFRET3> A nuclear transmutation system as described in Claim MUFRET1, which involves the transfer of excitation energy from an excited carbon-12 nucleus to an adjacent carbon-12 nucleus or the transfer or chaining of excited states. In the case of muon nuclear fusion between nitrogen, boron, and hydrogen, taking into consideration the muon nuclear capture reaction as in FIG. 22, as one embodiment and assumed example of the present application, FIG. 23 shows an assumed diagram of muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation in a system in ammonia containing nitrogen-15, and FIG. 24 shows an assumed diagram of muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation in a system containing boron hydride and boron hydride anion (LiBH4) containing boron-11.

[0092] <Neutrino detector using muon removal unit LM1Z> The neutrino detector 2NUTDET may be placed at the location where the cosmic rays and muons are slowed down, reduced, and removed using the decelerator 2MUDECE (LM1Z: muon attenuation and removal section). In the present muon-based nuclear fusion and transmutation system, if mesons and pions, which are the source of muons, are produced near the system, muon neutrinos can be generated by pion production and decay. Pions decay quickly into muons and muon neutrinos. In addition, the nuclear fusion / transmutation system can generate neutrinos by injecting muons into atoms in the target section T1, which then undergo a muon nuclear capture reaction. The muon's rest mass energy of 106 MeV can be imparted to the nucleus that captures the muon. Generally, 10-20 MeV is used to excite the nucleus, and the remaining energy (about 80 MeV) can be used to generate high-energy neutrinos. Systems that use muons, including the system of the present application, artificially generate neutrinos. When the muon generator / meson generator of the present application or the target unit T1 capable of binding muons with atomic nuclei is in operation, it can become a source of electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos that are biased compared to the natural environment, and the structure 3 including the transportation equipment and power generation unit including T1 can also be a source of neutrinos. *In this application, we assume that a space exploration robot 3 that can move through the darkness between stars is an application example of a system including T1, and communication with the robot is necessary for space exploration. The farther away the robot is, the more radio waves may be attenuated by electromagnetic waves and photons. On the other hand, neutrinos are particles that must be detected by large-scale detectors because they decay when they interact with the weak force and gravity. However, since the neutrino-generating device 3 may be able to communicate with remote locations using neutrinos, we will describe the device 3 that has a neutrino communication unit. A communication system 1NUT-COM using neutrinos may be configured between a structure in distant space (probe robot 3) and the Earth (or a structure in the solar system). Regarding 1NUT-COM, the neutrino-based communication system, the neutrino transmitter 1NUT-TX of 1NUT-COM may be a neutrino generator that generates and decays mesons and muons, and if neutrinos are particles with an oscillating mass, then 1NUT-TX may incorporate information in the oscillation of neutrinos or the on / off switching of neutrino particles, just as waves can be made to oscillate. The neutrino receiving unit 1NUT-RX of 1NUT-COM may detect neutrinos using the neutrino detector 2NUTDET placed in LM1Z, which has decelerated neutrinos in the muon decelerator 2MUDECE and removed / attenuated the muons. <Publicly Known Example 1: Cherenkov Detector> Like Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande, the world's largest water Cherenkov cosmic particle observation devices, a detector containing an ultra-pure water tank and a photomultiplier tube may be installed underground or in a place where cosmic rays and muons have been attenuated or removed, and the water may be used as a target for neutrino collisions, and the Cherenkov light generated by the target may be detected by the photomultiplier tube. (It may also be possible to dope the gadolinium salt of Super-Kamiokande into the pure water target and install a mechanism for separating high-energy neutrinos originating from supernova explosions, a neutrino energy filter mechanism (similar to a filter circuit in radio communication)). For example, the energy of the neutrinos generated by the transmitter 1NUT-TX can be specified in advance, and the energy level of the neutrinos received by the receiver 1NUT-RX can be limited, selected, and filtered (so that the energy level received can be limited by doping with gadolinium), and neutrinos of the energy level set by the transmitter can be received by the receiver. By providing energy level resolution, the number of communication information channels can be increased, so this may be used. Similar to the wavelength division multiplexing transmission method in which light of different wavelengths is transmitted through a single optical fiber in optical fiber communication, in a communication method using neutrinos, neutrinos of different energy levels may be transmitted through the same neutrino flight / communication path, and the different energy levels may be detected by the photomultiplier tube PMT 2PMT-HIE at the gadolinium-doped pure water detection unit 2NUDET-HIE on the outer shell that detects high-energy neutrinos, and then the remaining low-energy neutrinos flying afterwards may be detected by the pure water detection unit 2NUDET-LOWE at the PMT 2PMT-LOWE. <Publication example 2: Radiochemical method> Neutrino detectors using gallium, 2NUTDET (GALLEX, GNO: Gallium Neutrino Observatory, which uses a large-volume tank of an aqueous gallium chloride solution, and SAGE: Soviet-American Gallium Experiment, which uses liquid gallium) are well known, and such gallium-based 2NUTDET may be placed in LM1Z for detection (cosmic rays and muons may be slowed down by a decelerator, or a location that prevents high-energy particles from entering semiconductor elements or detectors). 71Ge is obtained by the reaction of 71Ga+antineutrino->71Ge+electron, and neutrinos are detected by detecting 71Ge separately using a chemical analyzer, etc. (However, since atoms are converted and the number of converted atoms is counted, there is a risk that the processing speed will be slow if the known example 2 is used as is when handling a large amount of information in information communication, and known example 1 may be better in terms of information processing speed.) *In FIG. 25, the transmitter 1NUT-TX of the communication system 1NUT-COM using neutrinos may be a spacecraft / exploration robot 3 or a submarine 3. The transmitter 1NUT-TX may be a part of a submarine 3 traveling deep underwater that generates muons, decays them to produce neutrinos (a p...

Claims

1. A nuclear transmutation system using muons, comprising a step of combining a muon with a source atom to obtain an excited atomic nucleus, and transmuting the excited nucleus into an atom having an effective nuclear charge or atomic number smaller than that of the source atom.

2. 2. The nuclear transmutation system using muons according to claim 1, further comprising a step of converting excited carbon-12 nuclei into helium.

3. 3. A nuclear transmutation system using carbon-12 as a source atom, comprising: a muon that combines a carbon-12 nucleus of a carbon material containing carbon-12 with a muon to generate an excited carbon-12 nucleus.

4. 3. The nuclear transmutation system using muons according to claim 2, characterized in that excited carbon-12 nuclei are generated after muon nuclear fusion of boron / boron-11 and hydrogen.

5. A muon nuclear fusion system using the nuclear transmutation system using muons according to claim 4, A muon catalyzed fusion system using a fusion reaction system characterized in that the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles produced by the fusion reaction is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles of a fusion fuel material, A muon catalyzed fusion system using non-solid boron hydride or gaseous boron hydride as the fusion fuel material, the muon catalyzed fusion system comprising a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the boron hydride.

6. The muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system according to claim 5 , further comprising a step of compressing the boron hydride irradiated and injected with the muons.

7. 2. A nuclear transmutation system using muons according to claim 1, characterized in that after muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen / nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, excited atomic nuclei are generated and then helium is generated.

8. 8. A nuclear transmutation system using muons according to claim 7, comprising a step of irradiating and introducing muons into azan in which nitrogen, nitrogen-15 and hydrogen are bonded.

9. 2. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 1, further comprising a step of decelerating the muons using an accelerator or a muon decelerator capable of decelerating the muons, and then injecting and bonding the muons into atoms of a source material for nuclear transmutation.

10. A transportation device comprising the nuclear transmutation system of claim 9.

11. A power generating device comprising the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 10.

12. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, characterized in that it is capable of generating an electric field or a laser wake field as a deceleration means for decelerating muons, and that it is capable of generating an electric field or a laser wake field by irradiating a target atom or a raw material atom with a pulsed laser.

13. 10. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, wherein a pyroelectric material is used as a means for muon deceleration as a deceleration means for decelerating muons.

14. 10. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, wherein a capacitor or an electric field within the capacitor is used as a means for slowing down muons.

15. 16. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 15, wherein the electric double layer portion, the electric double layer capacitor, and the electric field inside the electric double layer are used as a means for slowing down muons.

16. A space structure comprising the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, A cosmic muon generator receives cosmic rays and generates muons derived from cosmic rays, A space structure nuclear transmutation system comprising a means for decelerating the muons obtained from the space muon generator, irradiating and introducing the muons into raw material atoms, and bonding them with the raw material atoms.

17. 10. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 9, characterized in that muons are placed, injected and confined in a magnetic vessel.

18. A transportation device 3 / submarine 3SUBM equipped with the nuclear transmutation system described in claim 9, which is equipped with the following features and means A, B, C, and D to prevent muon nuclear fusion / nuclear fusion ignition when the fuel section T1 inside the 3.3SUBM is irradiated with muons or neutrinos from the outside. A: T1 can be synthesized from raw materials A and B, and a transport vehicle or submarine that is equipped with tanks of raw material A and tanks of raw material B containing the raw material T1 can be used for transportation. B: T1 has atoms (including atoms and particles that act as catalytic poisons in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion) and parts (muons can bind to the capillary MPIP and muon binding to T1 can be stopped) that can limit the number of times that muons in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion catalyze nuclear fusion. C: T1 has the characteristic that it can be stored and maintained inside an MPIP or a capillary MPIP, which is a location with the minimum size required for use as a muon fusion reactor. D: T1 has the characteristic that it can irradiate muons inside a capillary MPIP with the characteristics of C, thereby enabling the construction of a muon fusion reactor 1R.

19. A transport device or submarine including a muon fusion reactor, a power generation unit capable of generating electricity using the energy produced by the muon fusion reactor, and a chemical battery / chemical substance manufacturing unit capable of storing the electricity from the power generation unit as chemical substance energy, the transport device or submarine including a device unit capable of stopping the operation of the muon fusion reactor and the transmission of muons to the fusion reactor.

20. A blasting system including a nuclear fusion system capable of generating muons and performing muon fusion when irradiated with muon and tau neutrinos.

21. A vessel and blasting system including a nuclear fusion system capable of muon nuclear fusion by generating muons slowed down by a muon decelerator.

22. A muography / muon CT system that includes a muon transmitter and a muon receiver mounted on a spacecraft or spacecraft, where the muon transmitter and receiver have a muon accelerator and decelerator.

23. A submarine or underwater structure equipped with a neutrino beacon system that uses muon neutrinos produced by a muon fusion reactor.

24. A processing system for excising, removing, or processing a part of a human body or a lesion 1DP, including a process of binding a muon or negative muon to a part of a human body or a lesion 1DP, nuclear transmuting atoms in the lesion 1DP, and converting a substance containing the atoms after nuclear transmutation into a substance soluble in bodily fluids. (A system for excising lesions using muons)

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