Consumer products comprising delivery particles with high core:wall ratios
By employing delivery particles with a high core:wall weight ratio and a polymeric wall derived from (meth)acrylate monomers and a controlled free radical initiator concentration, the issues of leakage and brittleness are addressed, resulting in enhanced performance and stability for consumer products.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2025026321
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2021-06-14
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing delivery particles with high core:wall weight ratios suffer from leakage and brittleness, especially when the core contains aldehyde or ketone moieties, leading to poor performance and unintended release of beneficial agents.
The use of delivery particles with a high core:wall weight ratio, where the polymeric wall is derived from (meth)acrylate monomers and a specific concentration of free radical initiator, optimized to balance leakage and breaking strength, thereby enhancing the performance of consumer products.
The optimized delivery particles achieve improved olfactory performance and stability, ensuring effective and controlled release of beneficial agents, even when containing aldehyde or ketone moieties.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a consumer product composition comprising a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core. The polymeric wall can be derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer and at least one free radical initiator, and the core comprises a beneficial agent such as a fragrance. The core and the polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, and typically the initiator is used at a particular concentration. The present disclosure also relates to methods of making and using such consumer product compositions.
Background Art
[0002] Core / shell delivery particles can be an efficient and desirable way to deliver beneficial agents in various consumer products. Typical delivery particles often comprise a polymeric wall surrounding a core, which core comprises a beneficial agent. The wall can be made from a polyacrylate polymer that can be formed from acrylate-containing monomers via a free radical polymerization reaction through the use of one or more free radical initiators. Known delivery particles can have, for example, a core material and a wall material present in a weight ratio of from about 80:20 to about 90:10.
[0003] For reasons of delivery efficiency, it can be advantageous to use delivery particles having a relatively high loading capacity. Such particles can theoretically be achieved simply by increasing the core:wall weight ratio, but in practice the resulting particles often do not function well. For example, as a result of the relatively reduced presence of the wall material, the particles tend to have a high leakage rate. Further, such particles can be relatively brittle and may rupture prematurely, resulting in the release of the beneficial agent at an inconvenient time.
[0004] In addition, when the beneficial agent in the core contains an aldehyde or ketone moiety, these problems have been found to be particularly pronounced in delivery particles having a polyacrylate wall and a high core:wall weight ratio.
[0005] Interestingly, when similar particles are made with a lower core:wall weight ratio, such as about 90:10, leakage and / or brittleness tend not to be a problem, even though both capsules are made of the same polymer wall material. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
[0006] In particular, there is a need for consumer products that include high-capacity delivery particles that provide improved performance when the core includes one or more beneficial agents that include aldehyde and / or ketone moieties. MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM
[0007] The present disclosure relates to a consumer product composition that includes a population of delivery particles. The delivery particles are typically characterized by a relatively high core:wall weight ratio and a specific amount of free radical initiator used to make the polymer wall of the particles.
[0008] For example, the present disclosure relates to a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles include a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core, the polymer wall includes a (meth)acrylate polymer that is at least partially derived from wall monomers and at least one free radical initiator, the wall monomers include at least 50 wt% (meth)acrylate monomers of the wall monomers, at least one free radical initiator is present at a concentration of about 15 wt% to about 60 wt% of the polymer wall, the core includes a beneficial agent, and the core and the polymer wall are present at a weight ratio of about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, and a consumer product adjunct, a consumer product composition.
[0009] The present disclosure also relates to a consumer product comprising a processing aid and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core, and the method for providing an oil phase containing a beneficial agent in the delivery particles, the oil phase preferably further comprising a partitioning regulator; dissolving or dispersing one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible wall monomers in the oil phase, the wall monomers comprising at least 50% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers of the wall monomers, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one of the radically polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate; providing at least one free radical initiator (e.g., a first free radical initiator) in the oil phase; providing an aqueous phase comprising an emulsifier or surfactant and optionally at least one other free radical initiator (e.g., a second free radical initiator); emulsifying the oil phase in the aqueous phase under high shear agitation to form an oil-in-water emulsion comprising droplets of the oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; reacting the dissolved or dispersed monomers by heating or irradiating the emulsion with actinic radiation, thereby forming a polymeric wall at the interface between the droplets and the aqueous phase and resulting in delivery particles having a core surrounded by the polymeric wall, wherein one or more free radical initiators comprise from about 15% to about 60% by weight of the polymeric wall, and the core and the polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, and relates to a consumer product obtainable by a process comprising the steps.
[0010] The present disclosure also relates to a method of treating a surface, comprising contacting the surface, optionally in the presence of water, with a consumer product composition as described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present disclosure relates to consumer products comprising delivery particles characterized by a relatively high core:wall weight ratio. The core of the particle contains one or more beneficial agents including an aldehyde and / or ketone moiety. The wall of the particle comprises a polyacrylate polymer that is partially formed with at least one free radical initiator.
[0012] Surprisingly, when forming delivery particles having a relatively high core:wall ratio, particularly when the beneficial agent comprises a material having an aldehyde or ketone moiety, it has been found that the concentration of the free radical initiator can affect the performance profile (e.g., leakage and / or break strength). The present disclosure generally relates to making a careful selection of the free radical initiator concentration in order to provide preferred delivery particles.
[0013] Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of an aldehyde / or ketone-containing beneficial agent can interfere with the reaction of the free radical initiator with the wall monomers, thereby adversely affecting the wall robustness. When the amount of wall monomers is relatively high, the interaction may have only a relatively minor effect on wall formation and, in fact, there are a large number of monomers available to build a robust wall. However, when the amount of wall monomers is relatively low, the aldehyde / ketone is thought to compete with the acrylate monomers of the free radical initiator, resulting in relatively poor wall formation. The competition is thought to occur through intermolecular interactions and transient radical pick-up due to the same or similar functional groups in the material and the higher concentration in the high core:wall environment.
[0014] However, it is believed that the problem of competition for acrylate monomers cannot be overcome simply by adding large amounts of free radical initiators. For example, when the amount of free radical initiator is relatively high compared to the amount of wall monomers, it has also been found that capsules with poor performance are formed. Without being bound by theory, when the initiator is relatively in excess, many simultaneous polymerization reactions are brought about, resulting in relatively short polymers and, consequently, weak particle walls. Additionally or alternatively, due to the relatively high amount of initiator, there is simply less structural monomer available to make the polymer of the polymer wall. These particles tend to be characterized by relatively low breaking strength, resulting in poor performance at the desired touch points.
[0015] The inventors have surprisingly found that by selecting an appropriate concentration of free radical initiator compared to the amount of wall monomer and / or the resulting wall polymer, particularly when the particles have a high core:wall weight ratio, polyacrylate-based delivery particles with advantageous leakage and / or breaking strength profiles are obtained. Consumer products formulated using these delivery particles are expected to exhibit improved olfactory performance and / or improved stability.
[0016] The delivery particles, related consumer products, and related methods are discussed in more detail below.
[0017] As used herein, the articles "a" and "an" when used in the claims are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described. As used herein, the terms "include", "includes", and "including" are meant to be non-limiting. The compositions of the present disclosure can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the components of the present disclosure.
[0018] In this specification, the terms "substantially free of" or "substantially free from" may be used. This means that the indicated material is present in minimal amounts and is not intentionally added to the composition to form part of the composition, or preferably, is not present at analytically detectable concentrations. It means that the indicated material is included in a composition that is present only as an impurity in one of the other materials that are intentionally included. The indicated material, if present, may be present at a concentration of less than 1% by weight, or less than 0.1% by weight, or less than 0.01% by weight, or even 0% by weight of the composition.
[0019] As used herein, "consumer product" means baby care, beauty care, fabric and home care, family care, feminine care, and / or health care products or devices that are intended for use or consumption in the form in which they are sold and are not intended for subsequent commercial manufacture or modification. Such products include diapers, bibs, wipes; products and / or related methods related to the treatment of human hair (including bleaching, coloring, hair dyeing, conditioning, shampooing, styling); deodorants and antiperspirants; personal cleansing; skin care including the application of creams, lotions, and other topical application products for consumer use; and shaving products, fabrics, hard surfaces, and products and / or related methods for treating any other surface in the fabric and home care fields (including air care, automotive care, dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening), laundry detergents, laundry and rinse additives and / or care, hard surface cleaning and / or treatment, and other cleaning for consumer or commercial use); products and / or methods related to toilet paper, tissues, paper handkerchiefs, and / or paper towels; tampons, feminine napkins; adult incontinence products; products and / or methods related to oral care, including toothpaste, toothpaste gels, mouthwashes, denture adhesives, teeth whitening agents; over-the-counter health care including cough and cold remedies; pest control products; and purified water, but are not limited to these.
[0020] As used herein, the phrase "fabric care composition" includes compositions and formulations designed for treating fabrics. Such compositions include laundry detergents and cleaners, fabric softening compositions, fabric enhancing compositions, fabric deodorizing compositions, pre-wash cleaners, pre-treatment agents, laundry additives, spray products, dry cleaning agents or compositions, post-rinse laundry additives, cleaning additives, post-rinse fabric treatment agents, ironing aids, unit dose formulations, delayed delivery formulations, detergents contained on or in porous substrates or nonwoven sheets, and other suitable forms that may be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein, but are not limited thereto. Such compositions can be used as pre-treatment agents, post-treatment agents for laundry, or can be added during the rinse or wash cycle of a laundry operation.
[0021] As used herein, references to the terms “(meth)acrylate” or “(meth)acrylic” are to be understood to mean both the acrylate and methacrylate versions of the designated monomer, oligomer, and / or prepolymer. For example, “allyl (meth)acrylate” indicates that both allyl methacrylate and allyl acrylate are possible, and similarly, references to alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid indicate that both alkyl esters of acrylic acid and alkyl esters of methacrylic acid are possible, and similarly, poly(meth)acrylate indicates that both polyacrylate and polymethacrylate are possible. Poly(meth)acrylate materials include, for example, polyester poly(meth)acrylate, urethane and polyurethane poly(meth)acrylate (in particular, those prepared by reaction of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate with polyisocyanate or urethane polyisocyanate), methyl cyanoacrylate, ethyl cyanoacrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate-functional silicone, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, di(pentamethylene glycol) di(meth)acrylate, ethylene di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, diglycerol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol dichloroacrylate, 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, and various polyfunctional (meth)acrylates, and are intended to encompass a wide range of polymeric materials. Monofunctional (meth)acrylates, i.e., those containing only one (meth)acrylate group, may also be advantageously used.Typical mono (meth) acrylates include 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, cyanoethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, p-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, chlorobenzyl (meth) acrylate, aminoalkyl (meth) acrylate, various alkyl (meth) acrylates, and glycidyl (meth) acrylate. Mixtures with (meth) acrylates or their derivatives, as well as combinations of one or more (meth) acrylate monomers, oligomers, and / or prepolymers or their derivatives with other copolymerizable monomers including acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile may also be used as well.
[0022] As used herein, the terms "delivery particle", "particle", "encapsulant", "microcapsule", and "capsule" are used interchangeably unless otherwise indicated. As used herein, these terms typically refer to core / shell delivery particles.
[0023] For ease of reference in this specification and the claims, the term "monomer" or "monomers" as used herein with respect to the structural material forming the wall polymer of the delivery particle should be understood as monomers, but also includes oligomers and / or prepolymers formed from specific monomers.
[0024] As used herein, the terms "free radical initiator", "free radical initiating agent", "initiator", and "initiating agent" are used interchangeably unless otherwise indicated.
[0025] Unless otherwise noted, all concentrations of components or compositions are with respect to the active portion of the component or composition, excluding impurities that may be present in commercial sources of such components or compositions, such as residual solvents or by-products.
[0026] All temperatures in this specification are in degrees Celsius (°C) unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements in this specification are performed at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure.
[0027] In all embodiments of the present disclosure, all percentages are by weight of the total composition unless specifically stated otherwise. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all ratios are weight ratios.
[0028] It should be understood that all upper numerical limits given throughout this specification include all lower numerical limits to the same extent as if such lower numerical limits were expressly recited herein. All lower numerical limits given throughout this specification shall include all higher numerical limits to the same extent as if such higher numerical limits were expressly recited herein. All numerical ranges given throughout this specification shall include any and all narrower numerical ranges that fall within such broader numerical ranges to the same extent as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly recited herein.
[0029] Consumer product composition The present disclosure relates to consumer product compositions (or simply "compositions" as used herein). The compositions of the present disclosure can include a population of delivery particles and consumer product adjunct materials, each of which is described in more detail below.
[0030] The consumer product compositions of the present disclosure can be useful for baby care, beauty care, fabric care, home care, family care, feminine care, and / or healthcare applications. The consumer product compositions can be useful for treating surfaces such as fabrics, hair, or skin. The consumer product compositions may be intended to be used or consumed in the form in which they are sold. The consumer product compositions may not be intended for subsequent commercial manufacture or modification.
[0031] The consumer product compositions can be fabric care compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, dish care compositions, hair care compositions (such as shampoos or conditioners), body cleansing compositions, or mixtures thereof.
[0032] The consumer product compositions can be fabric care compositions such as laundry detergent compositions (including heavy duty liquid detergents or unit dose articles), fabric conditioning compositions (including liquid fabric softening and / or improving compositions), laundry additives, fabric pretreatment compositions (including sprays, pourable liquids, or those containing sprays), fabric refresher compositions (including sprays), or mixtures thereof.
[0033] The compositions can also be beauty care compositions, such as hair treatment products (including shampoos and / or conditioners), skin care products (including creams, lotions, or other topically applied products for consumer use), shaving care products (including shaving lotions, foams, or pre- or post-shave treatments), personal cleansing products (including liquid body washes, liquid hand soaps, and / or bar soaps), deodorants and / or antiperspirants, or mixtures thereof.
[0034] The compositions can be home care compositions such as air care, car care, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning and / or treatment, and other cleaning for consumers or businesses.
[0035] The consumer product composition can be in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a hydrocolloid, a single-compartment pouch, a multi-compartment pouch, a soluble sheet, a troche or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a stick, a bar, a flake, a foam / mousse, a non-woven sheet, or a mixture thereof.
[0036] The composition may be in liquid form. The liquid composition may contain from about 30 wt% or from about 40 wt% or from about 50 wt% to about 99 wt% or to about 95 wt% or to about 90 wt% or to about 75 wt% or to about 70 wt% or to about 60 wt% of water of the composition. The liquid composition can be a liquid laundry detergent, a liquid fabric softener, a liquid dishwashing detergent, a hair shampoo, a hair conditioner, or a mixture thereof.
[0037] The composition may be in solid form. The solid composition may be a powdery or granular composition. Such composition may be agglomerated or spray-dried. Such composition may comprise a plurality of granules or particles, at least some of which may comprise a plurality of granules or particles containing different compositions. The composition may be a powdery or granular cleaning composition that may contain a bleaching agent. The composition may be in the form of beads or troches, which may be formed into tablets from a liquid melt. The composition may be an extruded product.
[0038] The composition may be in the form of unit dose articles such as tablets, pouches, sheets, or fibrous articles. Such pouches typically include a water-soluble film that at least partially encapsulates the composition, such as a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble film. Suitable films are available from MonoSol, LLC (Indiana, USA). The composition can be encapsulated in a single-compartment pouch or a multi-compartment pouch. The multi-compartment pouch may have at least two, at least three, or at least four compartments. The multi-compartment pouch may include compartments arranged side by side and / or stacked. The composition contained in the pouch or its compartments may be a liquid, a solid (such as a powder), or a combination thereof. The composition in the form of a pouch may have a relatively small amount of water, for example, less than about 20% by weight, or less than about 15% by weight, or less than about 12% by weight, or less than about 10% by weight, or less than about 8% by weight of water in a detergent composition.
[0039] The composition may be in the form of a spray, for example, dispensed from a bottle via a trigger spray and / or an aerosol container having a valve.
[0040] The composition is 20 seconds -1 and at 21°C, may have a viscosity of 1 to 1500 centipoise (1 to 1500 mPa·s), 100 to 1000 centipoise (100 to 1000 mPa·s), or 200 to 500 centipoise (200 to 500 mPa·s).
[0041] Additional components and / or features of the composition such as delivery particles and consumer product adjuvants are discussed in more detail below.
[0042] Population of delivery particles The consumer product composition of the present disclosure includes a population of delivery particles.
[0043] The composition may contain from about 0.05 wt% to about 20 wt%, or from about 0.05 wt% to about 10 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, or from about 0.2 wt% to about 2 wt% of delivery particles. The composition may contain an amount of delivery particles sufficient to provide the composition with from about 0.05 wt% to about 10 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt% of encapsulated beneficial agent, where the beneficial agent may preferably be a fragrance ingredient. When the amount or weight percentage of delivery particles is discussed herein, it means the total of the wall material and the core material.
[0044] Delivery particles typically include a core and a polymer wall, with the polymer wall surrounding the core. As described in more detail below, the core may include a beneficial agent and optionally a partitioning agent, and the shell may include a (meth)acrylate polymer that may be at least partially derived from wall monomers and at least one free radical initiator.
[0045] The delivery particles may be characterized by a volume weighted median particle size of from about 10 to about 100 microns, preferably from about 15 to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 20 to about 50 microns, and even more preferably from about 30 to about 40 microns. The particle size is determined according to the procedure provided in the chapter on test methods below.
[0046] A population of delivery particles may be characterized by one or more of the following: (i) a 5th percentile volume weighted particle size of from about 1 micron to about 15 microns, (ii) a 50th percentile (median) volume weighted particle size of from about 30 microns to about 50 microns, (iii) a 90th percentile volume weighted particle size of from about 40 microns to about 80 microns, or (iv) combinations thereof.
[0047] The delivery particles may be characterized by a breaking strength. The breaking strength is determined according to the procedure provided in the chapter on test methods below. A population of delivery particles has an average breaking strength of from about 0.2 MPa to about 30 MPa, or from about 0.4 MPa to about 10 MPa, or from about 0.6 MPa to about 5 MPa, or even from about 0.8 MPa to about 4 MPa (the breaking strength is the median of the population / d 50(measured across several capsules by diameter). The population of delivery particles can be characterized by an average breaking strength of from about 0.2 MPa to about 10 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 8 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 6 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 5 MPa, or from about 0.7 MPa to about 4 MPa, or from about 1 MPa to about 3 MPa. The population of delivery particles can be characterized by an average breaking strength of from about 0.2 MPa to about 10 MPa, preferably from about 0.5 MPa to about 8 MPa, more preferably from about 0.5 MPa to about 5 MPa. The average breaking strength of delivery particles at these concentrations of d 50 Delivery particles having an average breaking strength at 50 are believed to function well at one or more touch points typical of surfaces such as fabrics treated with the compositions according to the present disclosure.
[0048] As described in more detail below, the delivery particles of the present disclosure include a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core. Delivery particles having a high core:wall ratio can deliver the beneficial agent more efficiently and require less wall material to deliver the same amount of beneficial agent. Further, since the delivery particles have a relatively high loading of the beneficial agent, less delivery particle material may be required for a particular composition, saving cost and / or freeing up formulation space.
[0049] The delivery particles of the present disclosure can be characterized by a weight ratio of core to polymer wall (also referred to herein as "core:polymer wall ratio", "core-wall ratio", "core:wall ratio", or even "C:W ratio"). A relatively high core:wall ratio is typically preferred to increase the delivery efficiency or relative payload of the particles. However, if this ratio is too high, the capsules may become too brittle or leaky, providing sub-optimal performance.
[0050] As used herein, the core:polymer wall ratio is understood to be calculated based on the weight of the reacted wall monomers and initiator that make up the polymer wall, and for purposes of calculation, the calculation excludes captured non-structural materials such as captured emulsifiers. The calculation is based on the starting inputs, i.e., the amounts of the input monomers and initiator. The calculation of the sample core:wall polymer ratio is illustrated in Example 1 below. If the amounts of the starting inputs are not readily available, the core:wall ratio is determined according to the analytical determination of the core:wall ratio procedure provided in the Test Methods section.
[0051] The delivery particles, preferably a population of delivery particles, can be characterized by a core:polymer wall weight ratio of at least about 95:5, preferably at least about 96:4, more preferably at least about 97:3, even more preferably at least about 98:2, and even more preferably at least about 99:1. The delivery particles, preferably a population of delivery particles, can be characterized by a core to polymer wall weight ratio of from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, preferably from about 96:4 to about 99.5:0.5, more preferably from about 96:4 to about 99:1, more preferably from about 97:3 to about 99:1, and even more preferably from about 98:2 to about 99:1. The core to polymer wall weight ratio can preferably be from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, more preferably from about 96:4 to about 99:1, more preferably from about 97:3 to about 99:1, and even more preferably from about 97:3 to about 98:2. As described above, such ratios are intended to balance packing efficiency with particle performance or characteristics (e.g., low leakage and / or sufficient breaking strength).
[0052] The components and processes associated with the delivery particles of the present disclosure are described in more detail below.
[0053] A. Polymer Wall The delivery particles of the present disclosure include a polymer wall surrounding the core. It should be noted that the terms "polymer wall", "wall", and "shell" are used interchangeably herein unless otherwise indicated.
[0054] The polymer wall comprises a polymer material, specifically a (meth)acrylate polymer. The (meth)acrylate polymer can be at least partially derived from a wall monomer and at least one free radical initiator.
[0055] 1. Wall monomer The wall monomer can comprise at least 50% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomer of the wall monomer. As described in more detail above, the term "(meth)acrylate monomer" is intended to include both acrylate monomers and methacrylate monomers. The wall monomer can comprise at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, even more preferably at least 95% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomer. A relatively large amount of (meth)acrylate monomer can result in a desirable poly(meth)acrylate wall material having desirable properties.
[0056] (Meth)acrylate monomers can be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible. Being oil-soluble or oil-dispersible facilitates the encapsulation process conveniently, especially when the beneficial agent is also oil-soluble or oil-dispersible such as essential oils. The (meth)acrylate monomer can be an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer.
[0057] (Meth)acrylate monomers can be polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can preferably have at least 3 radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least 1, more preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 3, preferably at least 4, preferably at least 5, preferably at least 6, and more preferably exactly 6 of the radically polymerizable groups are acrylates or methacrylates. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can contain at least 3, preferably at least 4, preferably at least 5, preferably at least 6, and more preferably exactly 6 radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least 1 of the radically polymerizable functional groups is an acrylate or methacrylate group. One or more polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers or oligomers can contain 3 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, more preferably 5 to 6, and most preferably 6 radically polymerizable functional groups. Monomers containing a relatively large number of radically polymerizable groups are thought to result in delivery particles having more compact walls and favorable properties such as less leakage compared to walls formed from monomers having fewer radically polymerizable groups.
[0058] The radically polymerizable functional groups can be independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, styrene, allyl, vinyl, glycidyl, ether, epoxy, carboxyl, or hydroxyl, provided that at least 1 of the radically polymerizable groups is an acrylate or methacrylate. Preferably, at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5, or at least 6 of the radically polymerizable functional groups are acrylate or methacrylate groups. Preferably, the radically polymerizable functional groups are each independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate. These functional groups are thought to result in delivery particles having favorable properties such as less leakage with a high core:wall ratio compared to other functional groups.
[0059] (Meth)acrylate monomers may include polyfunctional aromatic urethane acrylates or polyfunctional urethane acrylate esters. Preferably, the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers include hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylates or hexafunctional urethane acrylate esters.
[0060] In addition or alternatively, the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers may include polyfunctional aliphatic urethane acrylates.
[0061] The (meth)acrylate polymer of the polymer wall may be derived from at least two different polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers, for example, a first and a second polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, each of which may preferably be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible. The first polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer may contain a different number of radically polymerizable functional groups compared to the second polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer. For example, the first polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer may contain 6 radically polymerizable functional groups (e.g., hexafunctional), and the second polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer may contain a number selected from 3 (e.g., trifunctional), 4 (e.g., tetrafunctional), or 5 (e.g., pentafunctional), preferably 5, etc., less than 6 radically polymerizable functional groups. The first and second polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers may contain the same number of radically polymerizable functional groups, such as 6 (e.g., both monomers are hexafunctional), but each monomer is characterized by a different structure or chemistry.
[0062] (Meth)acrylate monomers may further include monomers selected from amine methacrylates, acidic methacrylates, or combinations thereof.
[0063] The (meth)acrylate polymer of the polymer wall can be a reaction product derived from a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate (which can preferably be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible), a second monomer, and a third monomer. Preferably, the second monomer includes a basic (meth)acrylate monomer, and the third monomer includes an acidic (meth)acrylate monomer. The basic (meth)acrylate monomer can be present in less than 2% by weight of the wall polymer. The acidic (meth)acrylate monomer can be present in less than 2% by weight of the wall polymer.
[0064] The basic (meth)acrylate monomer can include one or more of monomers such as amine-modified methacrylate, amine-modified acrylate, mono- or diacrylate amine, mono- or dimethacrylate amine, amine-modified polyether acrylate, amine-modified polyether methacrylate, aminoalkyl acrylate, or aminoalkyl methacrylate. The amine can be a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. Preferably, the alkyl portion of the basic (meth)acrylate monomer is C1-C12.
[0065] Examples of amine (meth)acrylates suitable for use in the particles of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, aminoalkyl acrylates and / or aminoalkyl methacrylates such as ethylaminoethyl acrylate, ethylaminoethyl methacrylate, aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, tertiary butylethylaminoacrylate, tertiary butylaminoethyl acrylate, tertiary butylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoacrylate, diethylaminomethacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Preferably, the amine (meth)acrylate is aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, or tertiary butylaminoethyl methacrylate.
[0066] The acidic (meth)acrylate may contain, by way of example, one or more of carboxy-substituted acrylates or methacrylates, and preferably contains, for example, carboxy-substituted alkyl acrylates or methacrylates such as carboxyalkyl acrylates, carboxyalkyl methacrylates, carboxyaryl acrylates, carboxyaryl methacrylates, etc., and preferably, the alkyl moiety is a straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C10. The carboxyl moiety can be bonded to any carbon, preferably the terminal carbon, of the C1-C10 alkyl moiety. Carboxy-substituted aryl acrylates or methacrylates can also be used, or furthermore (meth)acryloyloxyphenylalkylcarboxylic acids can also be used. The alkyl moiety of the (meth)acryloyloxyphenylalkylcarboxylic acid can be C1-C10.
[0067] Suitable carboxy(meth)acrylates for use in the particles of the present disclosure include 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl methacrylate, 2-carboxypropyl acrylate, 2-carboxypropyl methacrylate, carboxyoctyl acrylate, carboxyoctyl methacrylate. Examples of carboxy-substituted aryl acrylates or methacrylates include 2-acryloyloxybenzoic acid, 3-acryloyloxybenzoic acid, 4-acryloyloxybenzoic acid, 2-methacryloyloxybenzoic acid, 3-methacryloyloxybenzoic acid, and 4-methacryloyloxybenzoic acid. Examples of (meth)acryloyloxyphenylalkylcarboxylic acids include 4-acryloyloxyphenylacetic acid or 4-methacryloyloxyphenylacetic acid, which are merely illustrative and not limited thereto.
[0068] When the polymer wall is at least partially derived from an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible (meth)acrylate monomer, further, the polymer wall can be derived from a water-soluble or water-dispersible monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer that can contain a hydrophilic functional group. The water-soluble or water-dispersible monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer can preferably be selected from the group consisting of amine (meth)acrylate, acidic (meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated monofunctional (meth)acrylate, ethoxylated polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, other (meth)acrylate monomers, other (meth)acrylate oligomers, and mixtures thereof.
[0069] 2. Free radical initiator The (meth)acrylate polymer of the polymer wall can be derived from wall monomers and at least one free radical initiator. One or more free radical initiators can provide a source of free radicals upon activation, thereby facilitating polymerization to form the wall polymer.
[0070] As described above, surprisingly, by selecting a certain amount of free radical initiator in delivery particles having a high core:wall weight ratio, for example, with respect to leakage and / or breaking strength, it has been found that surprisingly improved performance can be provided. The relative amount of free radical initiator is particularly important in particles having a high core:wall weight ratio, which is presumably because the relative amount of wall monomer is very low.
[0071] At least one free radical initiator in the polymer wall of the present disclosure can be present at a concentration of about 15 wt% to about 60 wt% of the polymer wall. At least one free radical initiator is present at a concentration of about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, preferably about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 20 wt% to about 45 wt%, and even more preferably about 20 wt% to about 35 wt% of the polymer wall.
[0072] The wall monomer, preferably a (meth)acrylate monomer and at least one free radical initiator, can be used in a weight ratio of about 85:15 to about 40:60, preferably about 80:20 to about 40:60, more preferably about 80:20 to about 50:50, still more preferably about 80:20 to about 55:45, and still more preferably about 80:20 to about 65:35 in a free radical polymerization reaction.
[0073] The (meth)acrylate polymer of the polymer wall can preferably be derived from at least two free radical initiators. The (meth)acrylate polymer can be derived from a first free radical initiator and a second free radical initiator. The first free radical initiator and the second free radical initiator can be present in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:5, or preferably about 3:1 to about 1:3, or more preferably about 2:1 to about 1:2, or still more preferably about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5.
[0074] At least one free radical initiator can include an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiator. At least one free radical initiator can include a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator. At least one free radical initiator can include an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiator (e.g., as the first free radical initiator) and a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator (e.g., as the second free radical initiator).
[0075] Suitable free radical initiators include peroxide initiators, azo initiators, or mixtures thereof. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, the free radical initiator can be selected from the group consisting of peroxides, dialkyl peroxides, alkyl peroxides, peroxy esters, peroxy carbonates, peroxy ketones, peroxydicarbonates, 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropanenitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyanocyclohexane), benzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, di(n-propyl) peroxydicarbonate, di(sec-butyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl peroxyneodecanoate, a-cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-amyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-amyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, t-amyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxyacetate, di-t-amyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy)-cyclohexane, ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-butyrate, t-amyl perbenzoate, t-butyl perbenzoate, ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)-butyrate, and combinations thereof.
[0076] Preferred free radical initiators include 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), or combinations thereof.
[0077] 3. Other Materials Other materials may be present within or on the polymer wall. For example, the polymer wall may include an emulsifier, a coating, or combinations thereof.
[0078] The polymer wall may include an emulsifier as a result of the particle production process. When producing the delivery particles, the emulsifier can optionally and preferably be included in the aqueous phase. The emulsifier can be a polymer emulsifier. The emulsifier can help to further stabilize the emulsion during the particle production process. In the formation of the polymer wall of the delivery particles, the polymer emulsifier can be trapped within the polymer wall material. These incorporations of the emulsifier into the polymer wall can be usefully employed to help modify the polymer wall properties, affecting attributes such as flexibility, leakage, strength, and other properties. Thus, the polymer wall of the delivery particles may further include a polymer emulsifier trapped in the polymer wall, preferably, the polymer emulsifier includes polyvinyl alcohol. However, as shown above, when determining the core:wall polymer weight ratio, the trapped polymer emulsifier is not included.
[0079] The beneficial agent delivery particles may contain from about 0.5% to about 40%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 20%, more preferably from 0.8% to 5% of an emulsifier, based on the weight of the wall material. Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxylated or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, salts or esters of stearic acid, lecithin, organic sulfonic acids, 2-acrylamido-2-alkylsulfonic acids, styrenesulfonic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and water-soluble surfactant polymers that lower the surface tension of water.
[0080] The emulsifier preferably includes polyvinyl alcohol, and the polyvinyl alcohol preferably has a degree of hydrolysis of about 55% to about 99%, preferably about 75% to about 95%, more preferably about 85% to about 90%, and most preferably about 87% to about 89%. The polyvinyl alcohol may have a viscosity of about 40 cps to about 80 cps, preferably about 45 cps to about 72 cps, more preferably about 45 cps to about 60 cps, and most preferably 45 cps to 55 cps in a 4% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution at 20°C. The viscosity of the polymer is determined by measuring a newly prepared solution using a Brookfield LV viscometer equipped with a UL adapter as described in British Standard EN ISO15023-2:2006 Annex E Brookfield Test method. The polyvinyl alcohol may have a degree of polymerization of about 1500 to about 2500, preferably about 1600 to about 2200, more preferably about 1600 to about 1900, and most preferably about 1600 to about 1800. The weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol may be about 130,000 Daltons to about 204,000 Daltons, preferably about 146,000 Daltons to about 186,000 Daltons, more preferably about 146,000 Daltons to about 160,000 Daltons, and most preferably about 146,000 Daltons to about 155,000 Daltons, and / or may have a number average molecular weight of about 65,000 Daltons to about 110,000 Daltons, preferably about 70,000 Daltons to about 101,000 Daltons, more preferably about 70,000 Daltons to about 90,000 Daltons, and most preferably about 70,000 Daltons to about 80,000 Daltons.
[0081] The wall of the delivery particle may include a coating, for example, on the outer surface of the wall away from the core. The encapsulant may subsequently be coated with a coating material after being manufactured. The coating may be useful as an adhesion aid. The coating may include a cationic material such as a cationic polymer. However, as shown above, a coating that is not a structural or supportive feature of the wall is not included in the calculation when determining the core:wall polymer weight ratio.
[0082] Non-limiting examples of coating materials include poly(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene-maleic anhydride), polyamine, wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone-ethyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polysiloxane, poly(propylene maleic anhydride), maleic anhydride derivative, copolymer of maleic anhydride derivative, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene latex, gelatin, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, other modified celluloses, sodium alginate, chitosan, casein, pectin, chemical modified starch, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic anhydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymers, poly(vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride), polyvinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyvinylamine, polyvinylformamide, polyallylamine, and copolymers of polyvinylamine, polyvinylformamide, and polyallylamine, and mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto. The coating material may be a cationic polymer. The coating material may include polyvinylformamide, chitosan, or a combination thereof, preferably chitosan.
[0083] B. Core material The delivery particles of the present disclosure include a core. The core includes a beneficial agent. The core optionally includes a distribution regulator.
[0084] The core of the particle is surrounded by a polymer wall. When the polymer wall ruptures, the beneficial agent in the core is released.
[0085] 1. Beneficial agent Suitable beneficial agents disposed within the core may include beneficial agents that provide benefits to the surface such as fabric or hair.
[0086] The core may contain from about 5 wt% to about 100 wt% of the beneficial agent, and the beneficial agent may preferably contain a fragrance. The core may contain from about 45 wt% to about 95 wt%, preferably from about 50 wt% to about 80 wt%, more preferably from about 50 wt% to about 70 wt% of the beneficial agent, and the beneficial agent may preferably contain a fragrance.
[0087] The beneficial agent may include an aldehyde-containing beneficial agent, a ketone-containing beneficial agent, or a combination thereof. Such beneficial agents, such as aldehyde- or ketone-containing fragrance raw materials, are known to provide favorable benefits such as the benefit of a fresh-washed feeling. However, as described above, these agents may also interfere with wall formation during the particle formation process. Therefore, when such materials are present, it is particularly advantageous to form the delivery particles at the initiator concentrations described herein in order to obtain a favorable performance profile.
[0088] The beneficial agent may contain at least about 20 wt%, preferably at least about 25 wt%, more preferably at least about 40 wt%, even more preferably at least about 50 wt% of an aldehyde-containing beneficial agent, a ketone-containing beneficial agent, or a combination thereof.
[0089] The beneficial agent may be a hydrophobic beneficial agent. Such agents are compatible with the oil phase that is common when making the delivery particles of the present disclosure.
[0090] The beneficial agent can be selected from the group consisting of fragrances, silicone oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, essential oils, lubricating oils, lipids, skin coolants, vitamins, sunscreens, antioxidants, glycerin, catalysts, bleaching agent particles, silicon dioxide particles, malodor reducing agents, odor control materials, chelating agents, antistatic agents, softening agents, insect and moth repellents, colorants, antioxidants, chelating agents, thickeners, drape and foam modifiers, smoothing agents, wrinkle inhibitors, sanitizing agents, disinfectants, bacteriostatic agents, mold inhibitors, white mold inhibitors, antiviral agents, desiccants, stain resistant agents, soil release agents, fabric refreshers and wash-up feel maintainers, chlorine bleach odor inhibitors, dye fixatives, migration inhibitors, color retention agents, fluorescent brighteners, color restoration / regeneration agents, anti-fading agents, white enhancers, anti-wear agents, wear resistant agents, fabric integrators, abrasion preventers, fuzz inhibitors, foam suppressants, defoamers, ultraviolet protectants, anti-fading inhibitors, anti-allergy agents, enzymes, water repellents, fabric comfort agents, shrinkage resistant agents, stretch resistant agents, stretch recovery agents, skin care agents, glycerin, synthetic or natural active substances, antibacterial active substances, antiperspirant active substances, cationic polymers, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
[0091] The encapsulated beneficial agent may preferably contain a fragrance, which may contain one or more fragrance raw materials. The fragrance is particularly suitable for encapsulation into the delivery particles described herein because the fragrance-containing particles can provide the benefit of a wash-up feel over a plurality of touch points.
[0092] As used herein, the term "perfume raw material (or abbreviated as PRM (perfume raw material))" refers to a compound having a molecular weight of at least about 100 g / mol and useful for imparting odor, fragrance, essence or aroma, either alone or in combination with other perfume raw materials. Typical PRMs include, in particular, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, nitrites, and alkenes, such as terpenes. A list of common PRMs can be found in various references such as "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals", Vols. I and II; Steffen Arctander Allured Pub. Co. (1994) and "Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology", Miller, P.M. and Lamparsky, D., Blackie Academic and Professional (1994).
[0093] PRMs can be characterized by their boiling points (B.P.) measured at normal pressure (760 mm Hg) and the octanol / water partition coefficient (P) which can be described in terms of logP determined according to the following test methods. As described in more detail below, based on these characteristics, PRMs may be classified as perfumes in Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, Quadrant IV.
[0094] Fragrances can contain perfume raw materials having a logP of from about 2.5 to about 4. It is understood that other perfume raw materials may also be present in the fragrance.
[0095] The fragrance raw material may include a fragrance raw material having a boiling point (B.P.) lower than about 250 °C and a logP lower than about 3, a fragrance raw material having a B.P. higher than about 250 °C and a logP higher than about 3, a fragrance raw material having a B.P. higher than about 250 °C and a logP lower than about 3, a fragrance raw material having a B.P. lower than about 250 °C and a logP higher than about 3, and a fragrance raw material selected from the group consisting of mixtures thereof. The fragrance raw material having a boiling point B.P. lower than about 250 °C and a logP lower than about 3 is known as a Quadrant I fragrance raw material. The Quadrant 1 fragrance raw material is preferably limited to less than 30% of the fragrance composition. The fragrance raw material having a B.P. higher than about 250 °C and a logP higher than about 3 is known as a Quadrant IV fragrance raw material, the fragrance raw material having a B.P. higher than about 250 °C and a logP lower than about 3 is known as a Quadrant II fragrance raw material, and the fragrance raw material having a B.P. lower than about 250 °C and a logP higher than about 3 is known as a Quadrant III fragrance raw material. Suitable Quadrant I, II, III, and IV fragrance raw materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,869,923 (B1).
[0096] The benefit agent includes a fragrance, and preferably the fragrance comprises at least about 20% by weight, preferably at least about 25% by weight, more preferably at least about 40% by weight, and even more preferably at least about 50% by weight of an aldehyde-containing fragrance raw material, a ketone-containing fragrance raw material, or a combination thereof, of the consumer product composition according to any one of the preceding claims.
[0097] Preferred aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials include methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, florarozone; isocyclocitral, triplal (ligustral), precyclocremon B; lilial; decyl aldehyde, undecylenic aldehyde, cyclamen homonaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, dupical, oncidaral, adoxal; melonal; calypson; anisaldehyde, heliotropin; cumin aldehyde, centenal; 3,6-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde, satenal, cantoxal; vanillin, ethyl vanillin, cinnamic aldehyde; cis-4-decenal, trans-4-decenal, cis-7-decenal, undecylenic aldehyde, trans-2-hexenal; trans-2-octenal, 2-undecenal, 2,4-dodecadienal, cis-4-heptenal, florhydral, butyl cinnamic aldehyde, limonellal, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, citronellal; citral; cis-3-hexen-1-al, or mixtures thereof.
[0098] Preferred ketone-containing raw materials include neralione, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one; 1-naphthalen-2-ylethanone, nectaryl, trimofix "O", furulamone, δ-damascone, β-damascone, α-damascone, methyl ionone, 2-hexylcyclopenta-2-en-1-one; galavascone, or mixtures thereof.
[0099] 2. Distribution regulator The core of the delivery particles of the present disclosure may include a partitioning regulator. The properties of the oily material within the core can play a role in determining how much, how quickly, and / or how permeable the polyacrylate shell material will be when established at the oil / water interface. For example, if the oil phase contains highly polar materials, these materials can reduce the diffusion of acrylate oligomers and polymers to the oil / water interface, resulting in a very thin, highly permeable shell. Incorporation of a partitioning regulator can adjust the polarity of the core, thereby changing the partition coefficient of the polar materials in the partitioning regulator relative to the acrylate oligomer and resulting in the establishment of a distinct, highly impermeable shell. The partitioning regulator may be combined with the essential oil material of the core prior to incorporation of the wall-forming monomer.
[0100] The partitioning regulator may be present in the core at a concentration of about 5 wt% to about 55 wt%, preferably about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 25 wt% to about 50 wt% of the core.
[0101] The partitioning regulator may include materials selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, modified vegetable oils, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C 4 ~C 24 fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof. The partitioning regulator may preferably include isopropyl myristate or may even consist of isopropyl myristate. The modified vegetable oil may be esterified and / or brominated. The modified vegetable oil may preferably include castor oil and / or soybean oil. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0268802, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes other partitioning regulators that may be useful in the delivery particles described herein.
[0102] C. Method of Making Delivery Particles Delivery particles can be made by known methods as long as the initiator concentration and core:shell ratio described herein are maintained. The method may be further adjusted to achieve other desirable features described herein, such as volume weighted particle size, relative amounts of beneficial agent and / or partitioning regulator.
[0103] For example, the present disclosure relates to a process for making a population of delivery particles comprising a core and a polymeric wall encapsulating the core. The process can include providing an oil phase. The oil phase can include the beneficial agent and partitioning regulator described above. The process can further include dissolving or dispersing in the oil phase one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having at least 3, preferably at least 4, at least 5, or even at least 6 radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one of the radically polymerizable groups is an acrylate or methacrylate.
[0104] The oil-soluble or dispersible polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are described in more detail above. In particular, the oil-soluble or dispersible polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can include polyfunctional aromatic urethane acrylates, preferably trifunctional, tetrafunctional, pentafunctional, or hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylates, or mixtures thereof, preferably including hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylates. The monomers can include one or more polyfunctional aliphatic urethane acrylates that can be dissolved or dispersed in the oil phase. The process can further include dissolving or dispersing in the oil phase one or more of amine (meth)acrylates or acidic (meth)acrylates.
[0105] The process can further include providing an aqueous phase that can include an emulsifier, surfactant, or combination thereof. The process can further include dissolving or dispersing in the aqueous phase one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers and / or oligomers.
[0106] The process may include dissolving or dispersing one or more amine (meth)acrylates, acidic (meth)acrylates, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylates, ethoxylated mono- or polyfunctional (meth)acrylates, and / or other (meth)acrylate monomers in the aqueous phase, the oil phase, or both.
[0107] Generally, oil-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are soluble or dispersible in the oil phase, typically being soluble to at least about 1 gram in 100 ml of oil or being dispersible or emulsifiable therein at 22°C. Water-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are typically soluble or dispersible in water, typically being soluble to at least about 1 gram in 100 ml of water or being dispersible therein at 22°C.
[0108] Typically, the oil phase is mixed with an excess of the aqueous phase. When two or more oil phases are used, these are generally first mixed and then combined with the aqueous phase. If desired, the aqueous phase can also include one or more aqueous phases that are sequentially combined.
[0109] The oil phase can be emulsified in the aqueous phase under high-shear stirring to form an oil-in-water emulsion containing droplets of the core material dispersed in the aqueous phase. Typically, the amount of shear stirring applied can be controlled to form droplets of a targeted size, which affects the final size of the finished encapsulate.
[0110] The dissolved or dispersed monomers can be reacted by heating or irradiating the emulsion. The reaction can form a polymer wall at the interface between the droplets and the aqueous phase. The radical polymerizable groups of the polyfunctional methacrylate facilitate the self-polymerization of the polyfunctional methacrylate upon heating.
[0111] One or more free radical initiators are provided in the oil phase, the aqueous phase, or both, preferably both. For example, the process can include adding one or more free radical initiators to the aqueous phase to provide an additional source of free radicals, for example, upon activation by heat. The process can include adding one or more free radical initiators to the oil phase. One or more free radical initiators can be added to the aqueous phase, the oil phase, or both, in an amount greater than 0 wt% to about 5 wt% of each respective phase. The free radical initiator can be added in an amount to achieve a concentration in the polymer wall such that at least one free radical initiator is present at a concentration of about 15 wt% to about 60 wt% of the polymer wall. The at least one free radical initiator can be added such that it results in a concentration in the polymer wall of about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, preferably about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 20 wt% to about 45 wt%, and even more preferably about 20 wt% to about 35 wt%.
[0112] Latent initiators are also contemplated where a first action, particularly a chemical reaction, is required to convert the latent initiator to an active initiator, followed by initiation of polymerization when the active initiator is exposed to polymerization conditions. Where multiple initiators are present, it is contemplated and preferred that each initiator is initiated or preferably initiated by different conditions.
[0113] In the described process, the heating step can include heating the emulsion for about 1 hour to about 20 hours, preferably about 2 hours to about 15 hours, more preferably about 4 hours to about 10 hours, and most preferably about 5 hours to about 7 hours, thereby heating the emulsion sufficiently to transfer about 500 joules / kg to about 5000 joules / kg, about 1000 joules / kg to about 4500 joules / kg, about 2900 joules / kg to about 4000 joules / kg to the emulsion.
[0114] Before the heating step, the emulsion may be characterized by a volume weighted median diameter of emulsion droplets of from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, more preferably from about 1 micron to about 60 microns, or even more preferably from 20 to 50 microns, preferably from about 30 microns to about 50 microns, for the purpose of forming a population of delivery particles having a volume weighted target diameter of, for example, from about 30 to about 50 microns.
[0115] The beneficial agent may be selected as described above and is preferably a fragrance containing one or more fragrance ingredients. The beneficial agent may be the major constituent, or even the sole constituent, of the oil phase in which other materials are dissolved or dispersed.
[0116] The partitioning regulator may be selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, vegetable oils, modified vegetable oils, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, and may preferably be isopropyl myristate. The partitioning regulator may be provided in an amount such that it constitutes from about 5 wt% to about 55 wt% of the core of the delivery particles.
[0117] The resulting delivery particles desirably have the above-described core:wall ratio and / or particle size, as such characteristics have been found to provide advantageous performance.
[0118] For example, the present disclosure provides a consumer product composition comprising a processing aid and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core, and the method of making the delivery particles comprises: providing an oil phase comprising a beneficial agent, the oil phase preferably further comprising a partitioning regulator; dissolving or dispersing one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible wall monomers in the oil phase, the wall monomers comprising at least 50 wt% of (meth)acrylate monomers, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one of the radically polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate; providing at least one free radical initiator (e.g., a first free radical initiator) in the oil phase; providing an aqueous phase comprising an emulsifier or surfactant and optionally at least one other free radical initiator (e.g., a second free radical initiator); emulsifying the oil phase in the aqueous phase under high shear agitation to form an oil-in-water emulsion comprising droplets of the oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; reacting the dissolved or dispersed monomers by heating or irradiating the emulsion with actinic radiation, thereby forming a polymeric wall at the interface between the droplets and the aqueous phase and resulting in delivery particles having a core surrounded by the polymeric wall, wherein one or more free radical initiators constitute about 15 wt% to 60 wt% of the polymeric wall and the core and the polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5. The present disclosure also relates to a consumer product composition obtainable by the process.
[0119] The process for obtaining the delivery particles may include the further step of adding one or more free radical initiators to the aqueous phase to provide an additional source of free radicals upon thermal activation.
[0120] The process of obtaining the delivery particles may include a further step of dissolving or dispersing one or more monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers and / or oligomers in an aqueous phase. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having a radically polymerizable functional group can be a polyfunctional aromatic urethane acrylate. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having a radically polymerizable functional group can be a trifunctional, tetrafunctional, pentafunctional, or hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate.
[0121] The step of dissolving or dispersing in the oil phase may further include dissolving or dispersing one or more polyfunctional aliphatic urethane acrylates in one or more oil phases.
[0122] The process of obtaining the delivery particles may include a further step of dissolving or dispersing one or more of amine methacrylate or acidic methacrylate.
[0123] The process of obtaining the delivery particles may include a further step of dissolving or dispersing one or more amine (meth)acrylates, acidic (meth)acrylates, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylates, ethoxylated monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth)acrylates, and / or (meth)acrylate monomers and / or oligomers in the aqueous phase, oil phase, or both.
[0124] As a result of the method of making the delivery particles provided herein, the delivery particles may be present in an aqueous slurry. For example, the particles may be present in the slurry at a concentration of about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, preferably about 30 wt% to about 50 wt% of the slurry. Additional materials such as preservatives, solvents, structuring agents, or other processing or stabilizing aids may be added to the slurry. The slurry may contain one or more fragrances (i.e., non-encapsulated fragrances) different from the fragrance contained in the core of the beneficial agent delivery particles.
[0125] Exemplary synthetic methods capable of forming the encapsulates according to the present disclosure are further described in Example 1 below.
[0126] Consumer product adjuvant materials The consumer product compositions of the present disclosure include consumer product adjuvant materials in addition to a population of delivery particles. The consumer product adjuvant materials may provide a benefit in the intended end use of the composition or may be processing aids and / or stabilizing aids.
[0127] Suitable consumer product adjuvant materials include surfactants, conditioning actives, adhesion aids, rheology modifiers or structuring agents, bleaching systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, migration inhibitors, dispersants, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersants, clays and soil removal / redeposition inhibitors, optical brighteners, foam suppressants, silicones, hue agents, aesthetic dyes, additional fragrances and fragrance delivery systems, structure elasticizers, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-caking agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, and / or pigments.
[0128] Depending on the intended form, formulation, and / or end use, the compositions of the present disclosure may not include one or more of the following adjuvant materials: bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, migration inhibitors, dispersants, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersants, clays and soil removal / redeposition inhibitors, optical brighteners, foam suppressants, dyes, additional fragrances and fragrance delivery systems, structure elasticizers, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structuring agents, anti-caking agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, and / or pigments.
[0129] The exact nature of these additional components and the concentration at which they are incorporated depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the operations being performed. However, when one or more adjuvants are present, such one or more adjuvants can be present as detailed below. The following is a non-limiting list of suitable additional adjuvants.
[0130] A. Surfactants The compositions of the present disclosure can include surfactants. Surfactants can be useful, for example, for providing cleaning benefits. The composition may include a surfactant system that can contain one or more surfactants.
[0131] The compositions of the present disclosure may contain from about 0.1 wt% to about 70 wt%, or from about 2 wt% to about 60 wt%, or from about 5 wt% to about 50 wt% of a surfactant system, based on the composition. The liquid compositions may contain from about 5 wt% to about 40 wt% of a surfactant system, based on the composition. Compositions suitable for dense formulations, such as dense, liquid, gel, and / or unit dose forms, may contain from about 25 wt% to about 70 wt%, or from about 30 wt% to about 50 wt% of a surfactant system, based on the composition.
[0132] The surfactant system may include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof. The surfactant system may include linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ethoxylated sulfates, alkyl sulfates, nonionic surfactants such as ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, or mixtures thereof. The surfactants may be at least partially derived from natural resources such as natural feedstock alcohols.
[0133] Suitable anionic surfactants may include any conventional anionic surfactant. This may include, for example, sulfate detergency surfactants for alkoxylated and / or non-alkoxylated alkyl sulfate materials, and / or sulfonic acid-based detergency surfactants, such as alkylbenzene sulfonate. The anionic surfactant may be linear, branched, or a combination thereof. Preferred surfactants include linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), alkyl ethoxylated sulfate (AES), alkyl sulfate (AS), or mixtures thereof. Other suitable anionic surfactants include modified alkyl benzene sulfonate (MLAS), methyl ester sulfonate (MES), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and / or alkyl ethoxylated carboxylate (AEC). The anionic surfactant may be present in acid form, salt form, or a mixture thereof. The anionic surfactant may be partially or wholly neutralized, for example, by an alkali metal (e.g., sodium) or an amine (e.g., monoethanolamine).
[0134] The surfactant system may contain a nonionic surfactant. Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty alcohols such as ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkylphenol condensates, medium-chain branched alcohols, medium-chain branched alkyl alkoxylates, alkyl polysaccharides (e.g., alkyl polyglycosides), polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, ether-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The alkoxylate units may be ethyleneoxy units, propyleneoxy units, or mixtures thereof. The nonionic surfactant may be linear, branched (e.g., medium-chain branched), or a combination thereof. Certain nonionic surfactants may include alcohols having an average of about 12 to about 16 carbons and an average of about 3 to about 9 ethoxy groups, such as a C12-C14 EO7 nonionic surfactant.
[0135] Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include betaines such as alkyldimethylbetaine and cocoamidopropyl betaine, C 8 ~C 18 (e.g., C 12 ~C 18 ) amine oxides (e.g., C 12 ~ 14 dimethylamine oxide), and / or N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamino-1-propanesulfonate (where the alkyl group may be C 8 ~C 18 or C 10 ~C 14 ) and other conventional zwitterionic surfactants such as sulfobetaines and hydroxybetaines. The zwitterionic surfactant may include amine oxide.
[0136] Depending on the complex and / or the intended end use, the composition may substantially not contain a particular surfactant. For example, a liquid fabric enhancing composition such as a fabric softener may substantially not contain an anionic surfactant because such a surfactant can negatively interact with the cationic component.
[0137] B. Conditioning Active Substances The compositions of the present disclosure may contain a conditioning active substance. Compositions containing a conditioning active substance may provide benefits related to softness, anti-wrinkle, antistatic, conditioning, anti-elongation, color, and / or appearance.
[0138] The conditioning active substance may be present at a concentration of about 1 wt% to about 99 wt% of the composition. The composition may contain from about 1 wt%, or from about 2 wt%, or from about 3 wt% to about 99 wt%, or up to about 75 wt%, or up to about 50 wt%, or up to about 40 wt%, or up to about 35 wt%, or up to about 30 wt%, or up to about 25 wt%, or up to about 20 wt%, or up to about 15 wt%, or up to about 10 wt% of the conditioning active substance of the composition. The composition may contain from about 5 wt% to about 30 wt% of the conditioning active substance of the composition.
[0139] Suitable conditioning active substances for the compositions of the present disclosure include quaternary ammonium ester compounds, silicones, non-ester quat ammonium compounds, amines, fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, silicones, dispersible polyolefins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, softening or conditioning oils, polymer latexes, or combinations thereof.
[0140] This composition may contain a quaternary ammonium ester compound, a silicone, or a combination of a plurality of sets thereof, preferably a combination of one set. The total amount of the quaternary ammonium ester compound and the silicone may be about 5% to about 70% by weight of the composition, or about 6% to about 50% by weight, or about 7% to about 40% by weight, or about 10% to about 30% by weight, or about 15% to about 25% by weight. The composition may contain the quaternary ammonium ester compound and the silicone in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, or about 1:5 to about 5:1, or about 1:3 to about 1:3, or about 1:2 to about 2:1, or about 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1, or about 1:1.
[0141] The composition may contain a mixture of different types of conditioning active substances. The composition of the present disclosure may contain a specific conditioning active substance, but may not substantially contain other conditioning active substances. For example, the composition may not contain a quaternary ammonium ester compound, a silicone, or both. The composition may contain a quaternary ammonium ester compound, but may not substantially contain a silicone. The composition may contain a silicone, but may not substantially contain a quaternary ammonium ester compound.
[0142] C. Adhesion Aid The composition of the present disclosure may contain an adhesion aid. The adhesion aid may facilitate the adhesion of delivery particles, conditioning active substances, fragrances, or combinations thereof, improve the performance effects of the composition, and / or enable more efficient formulation of such beneficial agents. The composition may contain from 0.0001% to 3% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0005% to 2% by weight, more preferably from 0.001% to 1% by weight, or about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight, or about 0.05% to about 0.3% by weight of the adhesion aid. The adhesion aid may be a cationic or amphoteric polymer, preferably a cationic polymer.
[0143] General cationic polymers and methods for their production are well known in the literature. Suitable cationic polymers include quaternary ammonium polymers known as "polyquaternium" polymers named according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients, for example, polyquaternium-6 (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)), polyquaternium-7 (copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyquaternium-10 (quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose), polyquaternium-22 (copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride).
[0144] The adhesion aid may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylformamide, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformamide, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof. The cationic polymer may contain cationic acrylate.
[0145] The adhesion aid can be added to the consumer product composition simultaneously with the delivery particles (e.g., simultaneously with the encapsulated beneficial agent) or directly / independently. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer, when measured by size exclusion chromatography against a polyethylene oxide standard using refractive index (RI) detection, may be from 500 Daltons to 5,000,000 Daltons, or from 1000 Daltons to 2,000,000 Daltons, or from 2500 Daltons to 1,500,000 Daltons. The weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer may be from 5000 Daltons to 37,500 Daltons.
[0146] D. Rheology Modifier / Structurant The compositions of the present disclosure may include a rheology modifier and / or a structuring agent. The rheology modifier may be used to "thicken" or "thin" the liquid composition to a desired viscosity. The structuring agent may be used to facilitate phase stability and / or to suspend particles in the liquid composition such as the delivery particles described herein, or to inhibit their aggregation.
[0147] Suitable rheology modifiers and / or structuring agents include non-polymeric crystalline hydroxyl-functional structuring agents (including those based on hydrogenated castor oil), polymeric structuring agents, cellulose fibers (e.g., microfibrillated cellulose derivable from bacterial, fungal, or plant origin, including wood), diamide gelling agents, or combinations thereof.
[0148] The polymeric structuring agent may be of natural or synthetic origin. Natural-derived polymeric structuring agents may include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysaccharide derivatives, and mixtures thereof. Polysaccharide derivatives may include pectin, alginate, arabinogalactan (gum arabic), carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, and mixtures thereof. Synthetic polymeric structuring agents may include polycarboxylate, polyacrylate, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane, hydrophobically modified nonionic polyol, and mixtures thereof. Polycarboxylate polymers may include polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, or mixtures thereof. Polyacrylate may include a copolymer with an unsaturated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid and a C 1 ~C 30 alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid. Such copolymers are available from Noveon inc under the trade name Carbopol Aqua 30. Another suitable structuring agent is sold under the trade name Rheovis CDE available from BASF.
[0149] Process for preparing the composition The present disclosure relates to a process for making any of the consumer product compositions described herein. The process for making a consumer product composition can include combining the delivery particles (or a population thereof) described herein with a consumer product adjunct material described herein.
[0150] The delivery particles can be combined with one or more such consumer product adjunct materials when the delivery particles are in one or more forms including a slurry form, an undiluted delivery particle form, and a spray-dried delivery particle form, preferably the slurry form. The delivery particles can be combined with such consumer product adjunct materials by a method including mixing and / or spraying.
[0151] The compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated into any suitable form and can be prepared by any process selected by the formulator. The delivery particles and adjunct materials may be combined in a batch process, a circulation loop process, and / or an in-line mixing process. Suitable apparatuses for use in the processes disclosed herein include continuous stirred tank reactors, homogenizers, turbine stirrers, recirculation pumps, paddle mixers, high shear mixers, static mixers, plow shear mixers, ribbon blenders, vertical axis granulators, and drum mixers (both batch type and, if available, of continuous process configuration), spray dryers, and extruders.
[0152] Method for treating a surface or an article The present disclosure further relates to a method for treating a surface or an article with a composition according to the present disclosure. Such method can provide benefits related to cleaning, conditioning, and / or deodorizing.
[0153] Suitable surfaces or articles can include fabrics (including clothing, towels, or linens), hard surfaces (such as tiles, porcelain, linoleum, or wooden floors), tableware, hair, skin, or mixtures thereof.
[0154] The method may include the step of contacting a surface or an article with the composition of the present disclosure. The composition may be in its neat form or diluted with a liquid, such as a cleaning solution or a rinsing solution. The composition may be diluted with water before, during, or after contact with the surface or the article. The surface or the article may optionally be washed and / or rinsed before and / or after the contacting step.
[0155] A method for treating and / or cleaning a surface or an article may a) optionally, the step of washing, rinsing, and / or drying the surface or the article; and b) optionally, the step of contacting the surface or the article with the composition described herein in the presence of water; and c) optionally, the step of washing and / or rinsing the surface or the article; and d) optionally, the step of drying by passive drying and / or by an active method such as a washing dryer.
[0156] For the purposes of the present invention, washing includes, but is not limited to, scrubbing and mechanical agitation. The fabric may include almost any fabric that can be washed or treated under standard consumer use conditions.
[0157] The liquid that may contain the disclosed composition may have a pH of from about 3 to about 11.5. When diluted, such a composition is typically used at a concentration of from about 500 ppm to about 15,000 ppm in solution. When the cleaning solvent is water, the water temperature is typically in the range of from about 5°C to about 90°C, and when the site includes fabric, the ratio of water to fabric is typically from about 1:1 to about 30:1.
[0158] Combination Specifically contemplated combinations of the present disclosure are described herein in the following alphabetized paragraphs. These combinations are essentially for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting.
[0159] A consumer product composition comprising a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core, the polymeric wall comprising a (meth)acrylate polymer at least partially derived from wall monomers and at least one free radical initiator, the wall monomers comprising at least 50 wt% (meth)acrylate monomers of the wall monomers, at least one free radical initiator being present at a concentration of about 15 wt% to about 60 wt% of the polymeric wall, the core comprising a beneficial agent, and the core and the polymeric wall being present in a weight ratio of about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, a population of delivery particles, and a consumer product adjunct material. B. A consumer product composition comprising a consumer product treatment aid and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core, the method comprising providing an oil phase comprising a beneficial agent, the oil phase preferably further comprising a partitioning regulator; dissolving or dispersing one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible wall monomers in the oil phase, the wall monomers comprising at least 50 wt% of the wall monomers being (meth)acrylate monomers, preferably at least 3, preferably at least 4, at least 5, or even at least 6 radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one of the radically polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate; providing at least one free radical initiator (e.g., a first free radical initiator) in the oil phase; providing an aqueous phase comprising an emulsifier or surfactant and optionally at least one other free radical initiator (e.g., a second free radical initiator); emulsifying the oil phase in the aqueous phase under high shear agitation to form an oil-in-water emulsion comprising droplets of the oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; reacting the dissolved or dispersed monomers by heating or irradiating the emulsion with actinic radiation, thereby forming a polymeric wall at the interface between the droplets and the aqueous phase, resulting in delivery particles having a core surrounded by the polymeric wall, wherein one or more free radical initiators constitute about 15 wt% to 60 wt% of the polymeric wall, and the core and the polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, a consumer product composition obtainable by a process. C. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A or B, wherein the wall monomer comprises at least 60 wt%, preferably at least 70 wt%, preferably at least 80 wt%, more preferably at least 90 wt%, even more preferably at least 95 wt% of (meth)acrylate monomer. D. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A to C, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer is oil-soluble or oil-dispersible. E. The (meth)acrylate monomer is preferably a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having at least three radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one, more preferably at least three, of the radically polymerizable groups are acrylate or methacrylate, and the consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A to D. F. At least one free radical initiator includes a first free radical initiator and a second free radical initiator, preferably, the first free radical initiator and the second free radical initiator are present in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:5, or preferably about 3:1 to about 1:3, or more preferably about 2:1 to about 1:2, or even more preferably about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, and the consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A to E. G. At least one free radical initiator includes a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator, preferably a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator, and an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiator, and the consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A to F. H. At least one free radical initiator is a material selected from the group consisting of peroxide initiators, azo initiators, and combinations thereof, preferably peroxide, dialkyl peroxide, alkyl peroxide, peroxyester, peroxydicarbonate, peroxyketone, peroxydicarbonate, 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropanenitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyanocyclohexane), benzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, di(n-propyl) peroxydicarbonate, di(sec-butyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl peroxyneodecanoate, a-cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-amyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-amyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, t-amyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxyacetate, di-t-amyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy)-cyclohexane, ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-butyrate, t-amyl perbenzoate, t-butyl perbenzoate, ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)-butyrate, and combinations thereof, more preferably 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - G, comprising at least one free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of 2’-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) and combinations thereof. I. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - H, wherein at least one free radical initiator is present at a concentration of about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, preferably about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 20 wt% to about 45 wt%, even more preferably about 20 wt% to about 35 wt% of the polymer wall. J. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - I, wherein the core and the polymer wall are present in a weight ratio of about 96:4 to about 99:1, preferably about 97:3 to about 99:1, even more preferably about 97:3 to about 98:2. K. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - J, wherein the core comprises from 5 wt% to 100 wt% of a benefit agent. L. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - K, wherein the benefit agent comprises an aldehyde-containing benefit agent, a ketone-containing benefit agent, or a combination thereof. M. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - L, wherein the benefit agent comprises a fragrance, and preferably the fragrance comprises at least about 20 wt% of an aldehyde-containing fragrance raw material, a ketone-containing fragrance raw material, or a combination thereof. N. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - M, wherein the core comprises a dispensing regulator, and preferably the dispensing regulator is present in the core at a concentration of about 5 wt% to about 55 wt% of the core, more preferably the dispensing regulator is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4 - C24 fatty acids, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, and even more preferably isopropyl myristate. O. A consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - N, wherein the polymer wall of the delivery particle further comprises a polymer emulsifier trapped in the polymer wall, and preferably the polymer emulsifier comprises polyvinyl alcohol. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - O, wherein the delivery particles have a volume - weighted median particle size of from about 10 to about 100 microns, preferably from about 15 to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 20 to about 50 microns, and even more preferably from about 30 to about 40 microns. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - P, wherein the population of delivery particles has an average fracture strength of from about 0.5 to about 5 MPa, preferably from about 1 to about 3 MPa, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 MPa. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - Q, wherein the delivery particles comprise a coating. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - R, wherein the consumer product adjunct is selected from the group consisting of surfactants, conditioning active substances, adhesion aids, rheology modifiers or structuring agents, bleaching systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, migration inhibitors, dispersants, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersants, clays and soil removal / redeposition inhibitors, optical brighteners, foam inhibitors, silicones, hue agents, aesthetic dyes, undiluted fragrances, additional fragrance delivery systems, structure elasticizers, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti - aggregating agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, pigments, and mixtures thereof. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - S, wherein the composition is a fabric care composition, a hard surface cleaning composition, a dish care composition, a hair care composition, a body cleansing composition, or a mixture thereof, preferably a fabric care composition, more preferably a laundry detergent composition, a fabric conditioning composition, a laundry additive, a fabric pretreatment composition, a fabric refresher composition, or a mixture thereof. The consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - T, wherein the composition is in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a hydrocolloid, a single - compartment pouch, a multi - compartment pouch, a soluble sheet, a pastille or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a stick, a bar, a flake, a foam / mousse, a non - woven sheet, or a mixture thereof. A method of treating a surface, comprising contacting the surface with the consumer product composition according to any one of paragraphs A - U, optionally in the presence of water.
[0160] Test method It will be understood that the respective values of the parameters of the claimed and described subject matter of the applicant are to be determined using the test methods disclosed in the test methods chapter of this application.
[0161] Extraction of delivery particles from the final product In this specification, unless otherwise explicitly stated, the preferred method for isolating delivery particles from the final product is based on the fact that the majority of the density of such delivery particles is different from the density of water. The final product is mixed with water to dilute and / or release the delivery particles. The diluted product suspension is centrifuged to accelerate the separation of the delivery particles. Such delivery particles tend to float or sink in the diluted solution / dispersion of the final product. The upper and lower layers of this suspension are removed using a pipette or spatula and further subjected to rounds of dilution and centrifugation to separate and concentrate the delivery particles. An optical microscope equipped with a cross-polarization filter or differential interference contrast (DIC) is used to observe the delivery particles at a total magnification of 100× to at least 400×. Microscopic observation provides information on the presence, size, and initial indicators of aggregation of the delivery particles.
[0162] To extract delivery particles from the liquid fabric improver final product, the following procedure is carried out: 1. Take three 20 mL aliquots of the liquid fabric improver and place them separately into three 50 mL centrifuge tubes. Dilute each aliquot at a ratio of aliquot:deionized water = 1:1 (e.g., 20 mL fabric improver + 20 mL deionized water), mix each aliquot well, and centrifuge each aliquot at approximately 10000×g for 30 minutes. 2. After centrifugation in step 1, discard the bottom aqueous layer (about 10 mL) in each 50 mL centrifuge tube, and then add 10 mL of deionized water to each 50 mL centrifuge tube. 3. Repeat the process of centrifugation, removal of the bottom aqueous layer, and subsequent addition of 10 mL of deionized water to each 50 mL centrifuge tube two more times for each aliquot. 4. Remove the top layer with a spatula or pipette. 5. Transfer this top layer to a 1.8 mL centrifuge tube and centrifuge at approximately 20,000 × g for 5 minutes. 6. Remove the top layer with a spatula, transfer it to a new 1.8 mL centrifuge tube, add deionized water until the tube is completely full, and then centrifuge at approximately 20,000 × g for 5 minutes. 7. Remove the bottom layer with a thin pipette, add deionized water until the tube is completely full, and centrifuge at approximately 20,000 × g for 5 minutes. 8. Repeat step 7 five more times (for a total of six times).
[0163] If both the top layer and the bottom layer appear to be rich in delivery particles in step 1 above, proceed immediately to step 3 (i.e., skip step 2) and proceed to steps 4 - 8. Once those steps are complete, use a spatula and / or pipette to remove the bottom layer from the 50 mL centrifuge tube from step 1. Transfer the bottom layer to a 1.8 mL centrifuge tube and centrifuge at approximately 20,000 × g for 5 minutes. Remove the bottom layer in the new tube, add deionized water until the tube is completely full, and then centrifuge at approximately 20,000 × g for 5 minutes. Remove the top layer (water) and add deionized water again until the tube is full. Repeat this five more times (for a total of six times). Combine the isolated top layer and bottom layer rich in delivery particles by putting them back together.
[0164] If the fabric improver is white or it is difficult to distinguish the layer rich in delivery particles, add 4 drops of a dye (such as Milliken & Company, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA's Liquitint Blue JH 5% premix) to the centrifuge tube in step 1 and proceed with the isolation as described.
[0165] To extract delivery particles from a solid end product that readily disperses in water, 1 L of deionized water is mixed with 20 g of the end product (e.g., detergent foam, film, gel, and granule, or water-soluble polymer; soap flakes and soap bars, and other matrices such as salts, sugars, clays, and starches that are readily soluble in water). When extracting delivery particles from an end product that does not readily disperse in water, such as wax, dryer sheet, dryer bar, and greasy materials, it may be necessary to add detergent to the product and diluent and stir and / or gently heat to release the delivery particles from the matrix. These operations must avoid the use of organic solvents or drying of the delivery particles during the extraction process because they may damage the delivery particles during this stage.
[0166] Regarding the extraction of delivery particles from a liquid end product that is not a fabric softener or fabric improver (e.g., liquid laundry detergent, liquid dishwashing detergent, liquid hand soap, lotion, shampoo, conditioner, and hair dye), 20 ml of the end product is mixed with 20 ml of deionized water. NaCl (e.g., 1 - 4 g of NaCl) may be added to the dilution suspension as needed to increase the density of the solution and facilitate the floating of the delivery particles to the top layer. If the product has a white color that makes it difficult to distinguish the layer of delivery particles formed during centrifugation, a water-soluble dye may be added to the diluent to provide a visual contrast.
[0167] The mixture of water and product is subjected to successive rounds of centrifugation, involving removal of the top and bottom layers and resuspension of those layers in fresh diluent, followed by further centrifugation, isolation, and resuspension. Each round of centrifugation is carried out in a tube with a volume of 1.5 - 50 ml, using a centrifugal force of up to 20,000×g over a period of 5 - 30 minutes. Typically, at least 6 rounds of centrifugation are required to extract and clean sufficient delivery particles for the test. For example, the first round of centrifugation may be carried out in a 50 ml tube rotated at 10,000×g for 30 minutes, followed by 5 more rounds of centrifugation. The material from the top and bottom layers is separately resuspended in fresh diluent in 1.8 ml tubes and rotated at 20,000×g for 5 minutes per round.
[0168] If delivery particles are microscopically observed in both the upper and lower layers, the delivery particles from these two layers are combined again after the final centrifugation step to create a single sample containing all the delivery particles extracted from the product. The extracted delivery particles should be analyzed as soon as possible, but may be stored as a deionized water suspension for up to 14 days before analysis.
[0169] One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various other protocols can be constructed to extract and isolate delivery particles from the final product, and also that such methods require validation through comparison of measurements obtained before and after adding and extracting the delivery particles to the final product.
[0170] Determination of fragrance leakage To determine fragrance leakage, a liquid detergent with a fragrance encapsulate is prepared, stored (e.g., at 35°C for 1 week), and then compared to a reference sample of a liquid detergent having the same total fragrance concentration (e.g., 1 wt%) but without encapsulation.
[0171] To prepare the internal standard solution, 70 mg of tonalid is weighed, 20 mL of hexane p.a. is added, and mixed. 200 μL of this mixture is added to 20 mL of hexane p.a. and mixed and homogenized to form the internal standard solution.
[0172] To extract the fragrance from the liquid phase of the test sample or reference sample, put 2 grams of the detergent sample and 2 mL of the internal standard solution into the extraction container. Extract the free fragrance from the detergent sample by gently inverting the extraction container 20 times by hand. Add sodium sulfate about the tip of a spoon to the extraction container. Cause the separation of the layers.
[0173] To collect the gas chromatograph data, immediately after the separation into layers, transfer the hexane layer to a gas chromatograph autosampler vial and cover the vial. Inject 1.5 μL of splitless into the gas chromatograph injection port. Perform gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (chromatographic separation with Durawax-4 [60 m, 0.32 mm ID, 0.25 μm film] at 40 °C / 4 °C / min / 230 °C / 20’).
[0174] Calculate the fragrance leakage from the encapsulant per fragrance material according to the following calculation.
[0175]
Equation
[0176] To determine the fragrance retention (for example, the percentage of the fragrance remaining in the encapsulant), subtract the “fragrance leakage rate %” from 100.
[0177] Viscosity Use an AR550 rheometer / viscometer manufactured by TA instruments (New Castle, DE, USA) and use parallel steel plates with a diameter of 40 mm and a gap size of 500 μm to measure the viscosity of the final liquid product. The high shear viscosity at 20 seconds -1 and the low shear viscosity at 0.05 seconds -1 are obtained from a logarithmic shear rate sweep from 0.01 seconds -1 to 25 seconds -1 at 21 °C for 3 minutes.
[0178] Fragrances, fragrance raw materials, and / or dispensing regulators A. Identity and total amount To determine the identity and quantify the total amount of fragrances, fragrance components, or perfume raw materials (PRMs), or dispensing regulators, in the capsule slurry and / or encapsulated within the delivery vehicle, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry / hydrogen flame ionization detector (GC-MS / FID) is used. Suitable equipment includes an Agilent Technologies G1530A GC / FID; a Hewlett Packer Mass Selective Device 5973, and a 5%-phenyl-methylpolysiloxane column J&W DB-5 (length 30 m × inner diameter 0.25 mm × film thickness 0.25 μm). Weigh approximately 3 g of the final product or suspension of the delivery capsule, record its weight, then dilute the sample with 30 mL of deionized water and filter it through a nitrocellulose filter membrane with a pore size of 5.0 μm. The material captured on the filter is solubilized with 5 mL of ISTD solution (25.0 mg / L tetradecane in absolute alcohol) and heated at 60 °C for 30 minutes. The cooled solution is filtered through a PTFE syringe filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm and analyzed via GC-MS / FID. Three known essential oils are used as comparative standards. Data analysis involves subtracting the ISTD area count from the total area count and summing, and calculating the average response factor (RF) of the three standard fragrances. Then, the response factor and total area count of the fragrance encapsulated in the product are used along with the weight of the sample to determine the total weight percentage of each PRM in the encapsulated fragrance. PRMs are identified from the mass spectrometry peaks.
[0179] B. Amount of unencapsulated material To determine the amount of unencapsulated fragrance and (optionally) dispensing regulator material in a composition such as a slurry, the following equipment can be used for this analysis using the analytical procedure provided after the table.
[0180] [Table 1]
[0181] To prepare the flavor standard in ISS hexane, weigh 0.050 + / - 0.005 g of the desired PMC essential oil into a 50 mL volumetric flask (or recalculate the grams of essential oil added for other volume sizes). Fill to the line with the above ISS hexane solution. The ISS hexane is 0.1 g of tetradecane in 4 liters of hexane.
[0182] To prepare a 5% surfactant solution, weigh 50 g + / - 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate into a beaker and quantitatively transfer it to a 1 liter volumetric flask using purified water, ensuring that the surfactant is completely dissolved.
[0183] To prepare a sample of the PMC composition (e.g., slurry), confirm that the composition (e.g., slurry) is well mixed and mix if necessary. Weigh 0.3 + / - 0.05 g of the composition sample into the bottom of a 10 mL vial. Avoid having the composition adhere to the walls of the vial.
[0184] To operate the instrument, determine the target ions for the quantification of each PRM (and optionally, the partitioning modifier), along with at least one, preferably two, confirmation ions. The calibration curve is generated from the flavor standard for each PRM. Using the sample weight and the individual PRM weight %, the integration and amount of the extracted ions (EIC) for each PRM are plotted or recorded.
[0185] The amount of free oil is determined from the response of each PRM to the calibration curve and summed across all different flavor materials and optionally, the partitioning modifier.
[0186] C. Determination of Encapsulated Substances The determination of the encapsulated oil and optionally, the partitioning modifier, is done by subtracting the weight of the free / unencapsulated oil found in the composition from the weight of the total oil found in the composition (e.g., slurry).
[0187] Analytical Determination of Wall Material This method determines the amount of wall material. First, the wall material of particles having a diameter greater than 0.45 micrometers is isolated by dead-end filtration. Subsequent analysis by thermogravimetric analysis allows for the elimination of inorganic materials and other (organic) raw material slurry components.
[0188] A. Sample Preparation This procedure applies dead-end filtration to eliminate the soluble fraction of the sample. Different solvents are used successively to maximize the removal of interfering substances prior to TGA analysis.
[0189] The following materials and / or equipment are used. ● Filtration device ○ Vacuum pump: Millipore Model WP6122050 or equivalent. ○ Thick-walled vacuum tubing for connecting the pump to the filtration device. ○ Filtration flask 500 or 1000 ml. ○ Filtration cup: e.g., 250 ml Millipore Filtration funnel (“Milli Cup”), filtration material: 0.45 micrometer membrane, solvent-resistant. ○ Sealable plastic container for housing the filtration device while weighing. ○ Standard laboratory glassware (100 - 250 ml glass beakers, 50 - 250 ml graduated cylinders). ● Drying device ○ Vacuum oven and vacuum pump (set at 60 - 70 °C / vacuum: 30 inches of mercury vacuum). ○ Desiccator or constant humidity chamber (to keep the residue in a controlled environment during cooling). ● Solvent ○ All solvents: analytical grade minimum: 2-propanol, acetone, chloroform.
[0190] The filtration procedure is as follows. To prepare the filtration device, record the weight of the pre-dried filtration device (e.g., Milli cup filter) up to 0.1 - 0.2 mg. The pre-drying involves the same drying process as that performed on the filter after filtration is complete.
[0191] Filter the sample by weighing 1 - 2 grams of slurry raw material (note: weight up to 0.1 - 0.2 mg) into a glass beaker (250 ml) or directly into the filtration device. Add 20 ml of deionized water and swirl to homogenize the sample. Add 80 ml of isopropyl alcohol and homogenize the sample with the solvent. Use heating to agglomerate the sample. Place the filtration device on the filtration bottle and start filtration under vacuum. After filtration is complete, add 100 ml of chloroform. Continue filtration. Add 10 - 20 ml of acetone and filter through the membrane to remove trace amounts of chloroform. Remove the filter from the filtration system and dry it in a vacuum oven. After cooling, weigh the filter and record the weight.
[0192] Calculate the residue percentage (weight residue) in % units by dividing the weight difference between the filter + residue and the filter weight only (= net weight of the residue after filtration) by the weight of the raw material slurry sample and multiplying by 100. Continue the measurement of the residue % by TGA analysis.
[0193] Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) is performed using the following equipment and settings: TGA: TA instruments Discovery TGA; pan: sealed aluminum; purge: N2 at 50 ml / min; procedure: raise to 500 °C at 10 °C / min; TGA is connected to a Nicolet Nexus 470 FTIR spectrometer for evolved gases.
[0194] In TGA data analysis, the weight loss between 350 and 500 °C is due to the decomposition of the polymer wall material of the flavor microcapsules and the (burned) flavor compounds that still remain. This weight loss is used for the calculation of the insoluble polymer fraction. At 500 °C, a residue that is the unburned material still exists and should be considered when calculating the insoluble polymer fraction.
[0195] Analytical determination of the core:wall ratio If the inputs of the core and wall materials are not readily available, the core:wall ratio of the encapsulate can be analytically determined using the methods described herein.
[0196] More specifically, the above method enables the determination (by weight) of the amounts of flavor, partitioning regulator, and wall material in a flavor capsule composition (e.g., a slurry) and can be used to calculate the core:wall ratio. This is done by dividing the total amount (by weight) of flavor + partitioning regulator found in the composition by the amount (by weight) of crosslinked wall material found in the composition.
[0197] Test method for determining logP For each PRM in the flavor mixture to be tested, the log value (logP) of the octanol / water partition coefficient is calculated. The logP values of the individual PRMs are calculated using the Consensus logP Computational Model, version 14.02 (Linux), available from Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD / Lab) (Toronto, Canada), and unitless logP values are obtained. The ACD / Labs Consensus logP Computational Model is part of the ACD / Labs model suite.
[0198] Volume weighted particle size and particle size distribution The volume-weighted particle size distribution is determined by the single-particle optical sensing (SPOS) method, also known as optical particle counting (OPC), using an AccuSizer 780 AD instrument and the accompanying software CW788 version 1.82 (Particle Sizing Systems, Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.) or equivalent. The instrument is configured using the following conditions and options: flow rate = 1 ml / sec; small-diameter side threshold = 0.50 μm; Sensor Model Number = sensor model number = LE400-05 or equivalent, auto-dilution = on; collection time: 60 seconds; number of channels = 512; fluid volume of container = 50 ml; maximum simultaneous count = 9200. The measurement is started by flushing with water until the background count is less than 100 and by bringing the sensor to a low-temperature state. A sample of the delivery capsules in suspension is introduced, and if necessary, the density of the capsules is adjusted via auto-dilution using deionized water so that the count of the capsules is at least 9200 per ml. The suspension is analyzed over 60 seconds. The resulting volume-weighted PSD data is plotted and recorded, and the values of the desired volume-weighted particle sizes (e.g., median / 50th percentile, 5th percentile, and / or 90th percentile) are determined.
[0199] The broadness index can be calculated by determining the diameter of the delivery particles exceeded by 90% of the cumulative particle volume (90% diameter), the particle size exceeded by 5% of the cumulative particle volume (5% diameter), and the volume-weighted median particle size (50% diameter: 50% of the particle volume exceeds this diameter and is also below this diameter). Broadness index = ((90% diameter) - (5% diameter)) / 50% diameter
[0200] Destructive strength test method Three different measurements are made to measure the average breaking strength of the population and / or to determine the delta breaking strength: i) the volume-weighted capsule size distribution, ii) the diameters of 10 individual capsules within each of three specified size ranges (and / or 30 individual capsules at the volume-weighted median size if the average breaking strength is to be determined), and iii) the breaking force of those same 30 individual capsules. a.) Determine the volume-weighted capsule size distribution as described above. Plot and record the resulting volume-weighted PSD data and determine the median, 5 percentile, and 90 percentile values. b.) The diameters and breaking force values (also known as bursting force values) of the individual capsules are measured via a custom computer-controlled micromanipulation instrument system having a lens and camera capable of imaging the delivery capsules, available at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK, and a thin flat-ended probe connected to a force transducer (such as Model 403A available from Aurora Scientific Inc, Canada) or equivalent: Zhang, Z. et al. (1999) “Mechanical strength of single microcapsules determined by a novel micromanipulation technique.” J. Microencapsulation, vol 16, no. 1, pages 117-124, and Sun, G. and Zhang, Z. (2001) “Mechanical Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde microcapsules.” J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593-602. c.) Place a single drop of the delivery capsule suspension onto a microscope slide and allow it to dry for several minutes under ambient conditions to remove the water, resulting in a low density, monolayer of isolated capsules on the dried slide. Adjust the concentration of the capsules in the suspension as needed to obtain a suitable capsule density on the slide. It may be necessary to prepare more than one slide. d.) Next, place the slide on the sample holding stage of the micromanipulation device. Select 30 beneficial agent delivery capsules on the slide for measurement, such that there are 10 capsules selected for each of three predetermined diameter ranges. Each diameter range refers to the diameter of the capsules derived from the volume-weighted PSD generated by the Accusizer. The three diameter ranges of the capsules are median / 50th percentile diameter + / - 2 μm, 5th percentile diameter ± 2 μm, and 90th percentile number diameter ± 2 μm. Capsules that are shrunken, leaking, or damaged are excluded from the selection process and not measured. i. If sufficient capsules are not available in a particular diameter range + / - 2 μm, the diameter range may be increased to + / - 5 μm. ii. If the average breaking strength of the population is to be determined, 30 (or more) capsules in the median / 50th percentile diameter range can be measured. e.) For each of the 30 selected capsules, measure and record the diameter of the capsule from the image on the micromanipulation instrument. Then, compress the same capsule at a speed of 2 μm / second between two flat surfaces, namely, the force probe with a flat end and the microscope slide glass, to rupture the capsule. During the compression process, continuously measure and record the force of the probe by the data collection system of the micromanipulation instrument. f.) The cross-sectional area is calculated for each of the selected capsules using the measured diameter, assuming a spherical capsule (where r is the radius of the capsule before compression, πr 2) The breaking force is determined for each selected capsule from the recorded force probe measurements as shown in Zhang, Z. et al. (1999) "Mechanical strength of single microcapsules determined by a novel micromanipulation technique." J. Microencapsulation, vol 16, no. 1, pages 117 - 124, and Sun, G. and Zhang, Z. (2001) "Mechanical Properties of Melamine - Formaldehyde microcapsules." J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593 - 602. g.) The breaking strength of each of the 30 capsules is calculated by dividing the breaking force (in Newtons) by the calculated cross - sectional area of each capsule. h.) Calculation: The mean breaking strength of the population is determined by averaging the breaking strength values of (at least) 30 capsules in the median / 50 percentile diameter range.
[0201] The delta breaking strength is calculated as follows.
[0202]
Equation
Example
[0203] The examples provided below are intended to be illustrative in nature and not limiting.
[0204] Example 1. Exemplary synthesis of delivery particles and related calculations An exemplary synthesis process for a population of delivery particles is provided below. Details of the materials used are provided in Table 1A.
[0205]
Table 2
[0206] A. Description of the synthesis process (36 micron capsules, 98.2 core-to-wall weight ratio and approximately 24% initiator concentration) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 107.3 grams of sesame oil and 103.0 grams of isopropyl myristate are mixed in a 1 L stainless steel reactor with a water jacket, and mixed using a high-shear mixer equipped with a mill blade. After heating the solution to 35 °C, 0.76 grams of Vazo67 (initiator) is introduced, and then the entire mixture is heated to 70 °C and maintained at that temperature for 45 minutes, after which the system is cooled to 50 °C. As soon as this temperature is reached, a separately prepared solution containing 47.3 grams of sesame oil, 0.06 grams of CD9055, 0.06 grams of TBAEMA, and 3.96 grams of CN975 is introduced into the reactor, and the entire mixture is mixed at 50 °C for 10 minutes. Then, after stopping the stirring, an aqueous phase consisting of 80.2 grams of an emulsifier (5% solution of PVOH540), 255.0 grams of RO water, 0.51 grams of V-501, and 0.51 grams of NaOH (21% solution) is added to the reactor. After adding the aqueous phase, grinding is carried out until the particle size is reached (target = 36 microns). Then, the emulsion is first heated to 75 °C and maintained at that temperature for 240 minutes, then heated to 95 °C for 360 minutes, and then cooled to 25 °C. At that point, the slurry is discharged from the reactor into a container, and a rheology modifier (1.19 grams of xanthan gum) and a preservative (Acticide BWS-10; 0.45 grams) are added. The rheology modifier is mixed for 30 minutes. The preservative is added last and mixed for 5 - 10 minutes. Then, the completed slurry is characterized and tested as being compliant.
[0207] B. Sample calculation - core:wall weight ratio of the capsules in Part A Core:Wall weight ratio is determined by dividing the weight of the total core material inputs (e.g., sesame oil and partitioning regulator) by the weight of the total wall material inputs (e.g., wall monomer and initiator). Alternatively, the relative percentage of core material in the particle population can be determined by dividing the weight of the total core material inputs by the sum of the total weight of the core material inputs + the total weight of the wall material inputs and multiplying by 100. The remaining percentage (100-% core) is the relative percentage of wall material, and these numbers can then be expressed as a ratio. Similarly, the relative percentage of wall material in the particle population can be determined by dividing the total weight of the wall material inputs by the sum of the total core material inputs and the total wall material inputs and multiplying by 100.
[0208] Sample calculations for the "98:2" capsules formed by the examples in this chapter are provided below, where the core contains sesame oil and partitioning regulator (isopropyl myristate) and the wall contains wall monomers (CN975, CD9055, and TBAEMA) and initiators (Vazo67 and V-501).
[0209]
Number
[0210] C. Sample Calculation - Initiator Concentration of the Capsules in Part A The amount of free radical initiator in the capsule wall, expressed as a weight percentage of the wall, is determined by dividing the total amount of initiator by the wall material, i.e., the wall monomer and initiator. Sample calculations for the capsules formed by the examples in this section are provided below.
[0211]
Number
[0212] D. Additional Delivery Particle Population Other populations of delivery particles may be made by varying the amounts of the inputs, while substantially following the process described in Part A of this example. For example, comparative delivery particle populations and delivery particle populations of the present invention may be made following a process substantially as described in Part A, but using inputs according to the following table. For convenience, the inputs for the particle populations of Part A are also provided in Table 1B below. Since the initiator concentration is about 8.9 wt% of the wall polymer, Population B is a comparative population.
[0213]
Table 3
[0214] Example 2. Initiator Concentration and Beneficial Agent Leakage To test the effect of the concentration of free radical initiator on beneficial agent leakage, several populations of polyacrylate wall delivery particles are made generally according to Example 1 above. The particles have a core:wall weight ratio of 97.5:0.5 and use the same wall material. However, the concentration of free radical initiator for at least some of the populations is varied as provided in Table 2. In addition, a comparative population of 90:10 core:wall delivery particles is provided. The particles are made to have a target average particle size of about 38 microns (±4 microns).
[0215] In Table 2, the initiator concentration is provided as a weight percentage based on the weight of the polymer wall (e.g., wall monomer + free radical initiator). The relative initiator amount is based on the initiator concentration of the 90:10 comparative delivery particles (e.g., “1-fold”). The 97.5:2.5 delivery particles in Leg 2 have the same “1-fold” initiator concentration, even though the total amount of wall material relative to the core material is less. If twice the amount of initiator is used, the relative initiator concentration will be “2-fold”.
[0216] The core of each group contains the same fragrance material and dispensing regulator (isopropyl myristate) and is present in a weight ratio of 60:40. The fragrance material contains about 9.6% aldehyde-containing fragrance raw materials and about 5.7% ketone-containing fragrance raw materials.
[0217] Provide the population of delivery particles to a heavy duty liquid (HDL) laundry detergent and store at 35 °C for one week. At the end of the storage period, test the product for fragrance leakage regarding specific fragrance raw materials from the delivery particles according to the test method provided above. Provide the results in Table 2 below. The amount of particle leakage is presented as a percentage of the initially encapsulated, selected PRM.
[0218]
Table 4
[0219] As shown in Table 2, delivery particles having a core:wall weight ratio of 90:10 and an initiator concentration of "1-fold" exhibit relatively low leakage during storage in HDL laundry detergent. However, these particles are characterized by a relatively low filling capacity.
[0220] Using a similar initiator concentration (here 0.8-fold) in delivery particles having a core:wall weight ratio of 97.5:2.5 results in relatively high leakage (e.g., over 20%), which is likely to lead to sub-optimal performance under normal use conditions.
[0221] According to the results in Table 2, increasing the relative amount of free radical initiator results in particles showing relatively low leakage (e.g., less than 20%). It should be noted that even when the capsules of Legs 3 and 4 use relatively less wall material, the leakage rate is quite close to that of the 90:10 capsules of Leg 1 for comparison.
[0222] Example 3. Initiator Concentration (90:10 vs. 98:2 Core:Wall Ratio) To test the effect of the concentration of free radical initiator on encapsulation and performance, several populations of polyacrylate wall delivery particles are generally made according to Example 1 above. The encapsulated fragrance contains approximately 17% aldehyde-based fragrance raw material and approximately 0.2% PRM containing a ketone functional group.
[0223] For different test legs, the core:wall weight ratio and free radical initiator concentration are provided in Table 3 below. The delivery particles are produced on a manufacturing scale of approximately 3 kg.
[0224] [Table 5]
[0225] As shown in Table 3, delivery particles having a 90:10 core:wall weight ratio are characterized by good encapsulation and performance even when the concentration of the initiator is relatively low (Leg 1). However, at the same relative amount of initiator, increasing the core:wall ratio to 98:2 (Leg 2) results in poor capsules. However, increasing the relative amount of initiator concentration can improve the performance in such capsules (Leg 3).
[0226] Example 4. Initiator Concentration To test the effect of the concentration of free radical initiator on encapsulation, several populations of polyacrylate wall delivery particles are generally made according to Example 1 above. The encapsulated fragrance contains approximately 30% aldehyde-based fragrance raw material and approximately 4.2% PRM containing a ketone functional group.
[0227] Core: Provide the core-to-wall weight ratio and free radical initiator concentration in Table 3 below. The delivery particles are produced on a manufacturing scale of approximately 3 kg.
[0228] [Table 6]
[0229] As shown in Table 4, relatively high concentrations of free radical initiators in delivery particles having a high core-to-wall weight ratio (e.g., 98:2) show an improvement in the relative usage of wall monomers. That being said, in the applicant's experience, if the initiator concentration is too high, it can sometimes have an adverse effect on the efficiency of fragrance encapsulation and / or leakage in the final product.
[0230] The initiator can be added before emulsification and additional aliquots can be added after emulsification. It has been found that any additional portion (1-fold to 9-fold) of initiator addition in further steps during the encapsulation process, compared to 1-fold to 3-fold the amount of the baseline initiator, can result in a more robust wall and can further reduce leakage. It is envisioned that the additional portion in the further addition step can be added in one or more further addition steps. It was surprising when it was observed that when the initiator was added in multiple steps where some was added even after emulsification, the overall performance of the population of delivery particles could actually be improved.
[0231] Example 5. Initiator Concentration and Breaking Strength To test the effect of initiator concentration on particle breaking strength, several populations of polyacrylate wall delivery particles are made generally according to Example 1 above. The particles have a core-to-wall weight ratio of 98:2 and use the same wall material. However, the concentration of free radical initiator in at least some of the populations is varied as provided in Table 5A. In addition, a comparative population of 90:10 core-to-wall delivery particles is provided. The particles are made to have a target average particle size of approximately 36 microns (±3 microns).
[0232] In Table 5A, the initiator concentration is provided as a weight percentage based on the weight of the polymer wall (e.g., wall monomer + free radical initiator). As in the previous examples, the relative initiator amount is based on the initiator concentration of the 90:10 comparative delivery particles (e.g., "1x").
[0233] The core of each population contains the same fragrance material and distribution regulator (isopropyl myristate) and is present in a 60:40 weight ratio. The fragrance material contains approximately 9.6% aldehyde-containing fragrance raw material and approximately 5.7% ketone-containing fragrance raw material.
[0234] [Table 7] a Initiator 1 = Vazo 67 b Initiator 2 = V-501
[0235] According to the test method provided above, each population from Table 5A is analyzed for particle size (Ps, in microns) and fracture strength (FS, in MPa). The measured values for each population are determined at different points (5%, 50%, and 90%) of the particle size distribution. The results are provided in Table 5B.
[0236] [Table 8]
[0237] First, the data in Table 5B shows that the 90:10 particles of Leg 1 have a wide range of fracture strength values from d5 to d90 in particle size. This indicates that the particles of the population may rupture in different environments, resulting in inconsistent performance. Further, the particles of Leg 1 have a sub-optimal packing capacity.
[0238] Next, the data in Table 5B shows that the 98:2 particles of Leg 3 exhibit relatively consistent fracture strengths across the particle size distribution of the population. Further, the fracture strengths of Leg 3 are consistently between 1 MPa and 2 MPa across the diameter distribution (FS of 1.66, 1.31, 1.18 MPa), which is considered a desirable FS range for freshness performance in consumer product compositions, such as fabric care compositions.
[0239] Compare the range and size of the measured values of the particles of Leg 3 with the measured values of the particles of Leg 2 (FS of 2.65 - 0.93 MPa) made with a relatively low amount of free radical initiator, and the measured values of the particles of Leg 4 (FS of 0.91 - 0.30 MPa) made with a relatively high amount of free radical initiator.
[0240] Particularly, the particle population of Leg 4 that consistently exhibits a fracture strength of less than 1.0 MPa is considered to be relatively brittle and likely to rupture before the intended touch point, and thus is not very preferred for use in many consumer product applications.
[0241] Example 6. Exemplary Formulation - Liquid Fabric Improver Table 6 shows an exemplary formulation of the composition according to the present disclosure. Specifically, the following composition is a liquid fabric improver product.
[0242] [Table 9] 1 Esterquat 1: A mixture of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methyl sulfate fatty acid ester, (2-hydroxypropyl)-(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium methyl sulfate fatty acid ester, and bis-(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium methyl sulfate fatty acid ester, where the fatty acid ester is produced from a C12 - C18 fatty acid mixture (REWOQUAT DIP V 20 M Conc, ex Evonik) 2Esterquat 2: N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride fatty acid ester produced from a C12-C18 fatty acid mixture (REWOQUAT CI-DEEDMAC, ex Evonik) 3 Esterquat 3: Esterification product of fatty acids (C16-18 and C18 unsaturated) with triethanolamine, quaternized with dimethyl sulfate (REWOQUAT WE 18, ex Evonik) * The delivery particles according to the present disclosure, i.e., the population formed in Example 1 above. The "active substance %" provided is the amount of fragrance delivered to the composition.
[0243] Example 7. Exemplary formulation - laundry additive particles Table 7 shows an exemplary formulation of the composition according to the present disclosure. Specifically, the following composition is laundry additive particles in the form of pastilles or "beads", for example, a commercially available product sold as DOWNY UNSTOPABLES (trademark).
[0244]
Table 10
[0245] The dimensions and values disclosed in this specification are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise explicitly stated, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and the functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".
[0246] All documents cited in this specification, including any patents or applications that are cross-referenced or related, and any patent application or patent for which this application claims priority or the benefit thereof, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, unless explicitly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that such document is prior art to any invention disclosed or claimed in this specification, or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, if any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition given to the term in this document shall apply.
[0247] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such changes and modifications within the scope of the invention be covered by the appended claims.
Claims
1. 1. A consumer product composition comprising: A population of delivery particles, comprising: the delivery particle comprises a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core; the polymeric wall comprises a (meth)acrylate polymer derived at least in part from a wall monomer and at least one free radical initiator; the wall monomer comprises at least 50% (meth)acrylate monomer by weight of the wall monomer; the at least one free radical initiator is present in a concentration of 15% to 60% by weight of the polymer wall; the core comprises a benefit agent; a population of delivery particles, said core and said polymeric wall being present in a weight ratio of from 95:5 to 99.5:0.5; and a consumer product adjunct.
2. 1. A consumer product composition comprising: Consumer product processing aids; a population of delivery particles; the delivery particle comprises a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core; The delivery particle comprises: Providing an oil phase comprising a benefit agent, providing an oil phase, said oil phase preferably further comprising a partitioning modifier; dissolving or dispersing one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible wall monomers in said oil phase; the wall monomer being at least 50% by weight of the wall monomer (meth)acrylate monomer; dissolving or dispersing a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, preferably having at least three, preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six radically polymerizable functional groups, with the proviso that at least one of said radically polymerizable groups is an acrylate or a methacrylate; providing at least one free radical initiator (e.g., a first free radical initiator) in the oil phase; providing an aqueous phase comprising an emulsifier or surfactant, and optionally at least one other free radical initiator (e.g., a second free radical initiator); emulsifying the oil phase in the aqueous phase under high shear agitation to form an oil-in-water emulsion comprising droplets of the oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; heating the emulsion or irradiating it with actinic radiation to react the dissolved or dispersed monomers, thereby forming a polymer wall at the interface between the droplets and the aqueous phase, resulting in delivery particles having the core surrounded by the polymer wall; the one or more free radical initiators constitute 15% to 60% by weight of the polymer wall; providing delivery particles, wherein said core and said polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of from 95:5 to 99.5:0.
5.
3. 3. The consumer product composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall monomer comprises at least 60% by weight of the wall monomer, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% (meth)acrylate monomer.
4. 4. The consumer product composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer is preferably a multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having at least three radically polymerizable functional groups, provided that at least one, more preferably at least three of the radically polymerizable groups are acrylate or methacrylate.
5. the at least one free radical initiator comprises a first free radical initiator and a second free radical initiator; 5. The consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein preferably the first free radical initiator and the second free radical initiator are present in a weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1:5, or preferably from 3:1 to 1:3, or more preferably from 2:1 to 1:2, or even more preferably from 1.5:1 to 1:1.
5.
6. the at least one free radical initiator is a material selected from the group consisting of peroxy initiators, azo initiators, and combinations thereof; Preferably, the peroxide, dialkyl peroxide, alkyl peroxide, peroxy ester, peroxy carbonate, peroxy ketone, peroxy dicarbonate, 2,2'-azobis(isobutyl nitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl pentane nitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl propane nitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl butyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexyl ether), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexane nitrile ... xancarbonitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyanocyclohexane), benzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, di(n-propyl)peroxydicarbonate, di(sec-butyl)peroxydicarbonate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate, 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutylperoxyneodecanoate, a-cumylperoxyneoheptanoate, t-amylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxyneodecanoate, peroxy neodecanoate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy pivalate, 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, t-amyl peroxy 2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, di-t-amyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane selected from the group consisting of syn-3, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy)-cyclohexane, ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-butyrate, t-amyl perbenzoate, t-butyl perbenzoate, ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)-butyrate, and combinations thereof; More preferably, the consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises at least one free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), and combinations thereof.
7. 7. A consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one free radical initiator is present at a concentration of from 20% to 60%, preferably from 20% to 50%, more preferably from 20% to 45%, even more preferably from 20% to 35% by weight of the polymer wall.
8. 8. A consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the core and the polymeric wall are present in a weight ratio of from 96:4 to 99:1, preferably from 97:3 to 99:1, even more preferably from 97:3 to 98:
2.
9. The consumer product composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the benefit agent comprises an aldehyde-containing benefit agent, a ketone-containing benefit agent, or a combination thereof.
10. the benefit agent comprises a fragrance; 10. The consumer product composition of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fragrance preferably comprises at least 20% by weight of the fragrance of an aldehyde-containing perfume raw material, a ketone-containing perfume raw material, or a combination thereof.
11. 11. A consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the delivery particles are characterised by a volume weighted median particle size of 10 to 100 microns, preferably 15 to 60 microns, more preferably 20 to 50 microns, even more preferably 30 to 40 microns.
12. A consumer product composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the population of delivery particles is characterised by an average breaking strength of 0.5 to 5 MPa, preferably 1 to 3 MPa, more preferably 1 to 2 MPa.
13. 13. The consumer product composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the consumer product adjunct is selected from the group consisting of surfactants, conditioning actives, deposition aids, rheology modifiers or structurants, bleaching systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibitors, dispersants, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersants, clay and soil removal / anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, silicones, hueing agents, aesthetic dyes, undiluted fragrance, additional fragrance delivery systems, structural elastomers, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-agglomerating agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, pigments, and mixtures thereof.
14. the composition is a fabric care composition, a hard surface cleaning composition, a dish care composition, a hair care composition, a body cleansing composition, or a mixture thereof; Preferably a fabric care composition, More preferably, the consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is a fabric care composition which is a laundry detergent composition, a fabric conditioning composition, a laundry additive, a fabric pre-treatment composition, a fabric refresher composition, or a mixture thereof.
15. A method for treating a surface, said method comprising the step of contacting said surface with a consumer product composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, optionally in the presence of water.
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