Electric automobile body structure

Abstract

To provide an electric automobile body structure that is of a cell-to-body (CTB) type having a battery cell mounted directly on an automobile body, is tough against an impact force in a fore-and-aft direction of the automobile body, and can effectively protect the mounted battery cell.SOLUTION: An automobile body structure of the present invention includes a floor panel disposed to cover an upper side of a battery storage space, an integrated battery front cross member that is disposed below a front part of the floor panel and covers a front part of the battery storage space, a dash cross member that is coupled to the floor panel and the integrated battery front cross member, a front side member disposed ahead of the dash cross member, and a front side rear lower member that links a rear part of the front side member to the dash cross member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technology for an electric vehicle body structure.

Background Art

[0002] An electric vehicle is configured such that the vehicle travels by driving a motor with electricity provided from a battery mounted on the vehicle.

[0003] Therefore, the cruising range of the vehicle is greatly influenced by the energy storage capacity of the battery mounted on the vehicle.

[0004] Since a battery is mounted so that as much electrical energy as possible can be stored in the vehicle, ensuring various collision response performances required for the vehicle is a main issue in the development of electric vehicles.

[0005] In recent years, in order to increase the amount of battery cells mounted on a vehicle, a vehicle structure of a CTB (Cell To Body) method in which battery cells are directly mounted on a vehicle body has been developed.

[0006] The matters described as the above background art are merely for enhancing the understanding of the background of the present invention, and it should not be accepted as recognizing that they correspond to the prior art already known to those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide an electric vehicle body structure that enables effective protection of the mounted battery cells while adopting a CTB (Cell To Body) method of directly mounting battery cells on the vehicle body and providing a robust impact support structure against longitudinal impact forces on the vehicle body.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The electric vehicle body structure of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises a floor panel installed to cover the upper side of the battery accommodation space, an integrated battery front cross member provided at the front lower side of the floor panel to cover the front of the battery accommodation space, a dash cross member coupled to the floor panel and the integrated battery front cross member, a front side member provided in front of the dash cross member, and a front side rear lower member connecting the rear of the front side member to the dash cross member, and is characterized by being configured to include these components.

[0010] an integrated battery rear cross member provided at the rear lower side of the floor panel to cover the rear of the battery accommodation space, a side sill coupled to both ends of the integrated battery front cross member and the integrated battery rear cross member to cover the side of the battery accommodation space, and a battery lower module coupled to the lower sides of the integrated battery front cross member, the integrated battery rear cross member, and the side sill to cover the lower side of the battery accommodation space, and can be configured to include these components.

[0011] The battery lower module includes a lower module outer front cross member coupled to the lower side of the integrated battery front cross member, A lower module outer rear cross member coupled to the lower side of the integrated battery rear cross member, A lower module outer side member coupled to the lower side of the side sill, A lower plate coupled to the lower sides of the lower module outer front cross member, the lower module outer rear cross member, and the lower module outer side member to cover the lower side of the battery accommodation space, can be configured to include.

[0012] The dash cross member can be coupled together to the upper surface of the floor panel and the front surface of the integrated battery front cross member.

[0013] The front side rail lower member can be coupled while wrapping the front surface of the dash cross member vertically and coupled to the front surface of the integrated battery front cross member.

[0014] While being coupled to the front side rail lower member, an extension side member can be provided that connects the rear of the front side member to an A-pillar whose lower end is coupled to the side sill.

[0015] A dash cross extension member can be provided that is installed to connect the dash cross member, the side sill, and the A-pillar.

[0016] The floor panel is provided with a floor front cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills, A dash floor connection member can be provided that connects and supports between the dash cross member and the floor front cross member along the front-rear direction of the vehicle body.

[0017] Between the integrated battery rear cross member and the side sill, a corner reinforcement member can be provided that is inclined and coupled to the integrated battery rear cross member and the side sill.

[0018] On the upper side of the corner reinforcing member, a coupling flange that protrudes toward the battery accommodation space and is coupled to the lower surface of the floor panel can be integrally provided.

[0019] In the battery lower module, a lower module outer corner member that is inclined and coupled to the rear cross member of the lower module outer contour and the side member of the lower module outer contour can be provided below the corner reinforcing member between the rear cross member of the lower module outer contour and the side member of the lower module outer contour.

[0020] The front cross member of the lower module outer contour, the rear cross member of the lower module outer contour, the side member of the lower module outer contour, and the lower module outer corner member can be configured to seal the battery accommodation space by being coupled to the front cross member of the integrated battery, the rear cross member of the integrated battery, the side sill, and the corner reinforcing member with a gasket forming a closed curve interposed therebetween.

[0021] A rear side member is coupled to the rear end of the side sill, The front end of the rear side member can be formed in a shape that wraps around the upper surface, lower surface, and rear end of the side sill.

[0022] The side sill and the side member of the lower module outer contour together form a side sill lower rib that forms a groove opening downward, The rear side member can be provided with a rear side partition portion that extends from the upper side to the lower side so as to wrap around the rear end of the side sill, and a partition flange portion that wraps around the lower surface of the side sill while being inserted into the groove formed by the side sill lower rib and the side member of the lower module outer contour at the lower end of the rear side partition portion.

[0023] The rear side member can be coupled to support the rear of the side sill and the corner reinforcement member.

[0024] The floor panel is provided with a floor rear cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills. The rear side member can be coupled to the floor rear cross member.

[0025] A rear subframe can be attached to the lower side of the rear side member.

[0026] The floor panel has a cross-sectional shape with a large number of closed cross-sections and is provided extending along the lateral direction of the vehicle body. The integrated battery front cross member and the integrated battery rear cross member can be integrally formed with the floor panel in a cross-section protruding downward from the floor panel.

[0027] A large number of the floor panels are arranged in the front-rear direction so as to planar wrap the upper side of the battery accommodation space. The floor panel provided with the integrated battery front cross member is integrally formed with a floor front cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills. The floor panel provided with the integrated battery rear cross member can be integrally formed with a floor rear cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills.

[0028] A front subframe is attached to the lower side of the front side member. The rear end of the front subframe can be supported by a front subframe mounting bracket under the dash cross member.

Advantages of the Invention

[0029] The present invention adopts a CTB (Cell To Body) method of directly mounting battery cells on the vehicle body, and is capable of providing a robust impact support structure against impact forces in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, thereby enabling effective protection of the mounted battery cells.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

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Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

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Figure 11

Figure 12

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0031] Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments disclosed in this specification will be described in detail. Regardless of the drawing numbers, the same or similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions thereof are omitted.

[0032] The suffixes “module” and “section” for the components used in the following description are given or mixed only for the ease of preparing the specification, and do not have meanings or roles that are distinguishable from each other by themselves.

[0033] In describing the embodiments disclosed in this specification, if it is determined that a specific description of related known technologies may obscure the gist of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Also, the accompanying drawings are only for facilitating the understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and the technical idea disclosed in this specification is not limited by the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that all modifications, equivalents or alternatives included in the idea and technical scope of the present invention are included.

[0034] Terms including ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” can be used to describe various components, but these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0035] When a certain component is described as being “connected to” or “attached to” another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or attached to the other component, or another component may be interposed therebetween. On the other hand, when a certain component is described as being “directly connected to” or “directly attached to” another component, it should be understood that no other component is interposed therebetween.

[0036] Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly has a different meaning.

[0037] In this specification, terms such as "comprising" or "having" are intended to specify the presence of the features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood not to preclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0038] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 12, an embodiment of the electric vehicle body structure of the present invention includes a floor panel 3 provided to cover the upper side of the battery accommodation space 1, an integrated battery front cross member 5 provided at the front lower side of the floor panel 3 and covering the front of the battery accommodation space 1, a dash cross member 7 coupled to the floor panel 3 and the integrated battery front cross member 5, a front side member 9 provided in front of the dash cross member 7, and a front side rear lower member 11 connecting the rear of the front side member 9 to the dash cross member 7.

[0039] That is, the body structure of the present invention is configured such that the floor panel 3 serves to cover the upper side of the battery accommodation space 1 that houses battery cells, the front side member 9 is connected to the dash cross member 7 via the front side rear lower member 11, the dash cross member 7 is supported by the floor panel 3 and the integrated battery front cross member 5, and by effectively supporting the impact input from the front to the rear via the front side member 9, it is configured to safely protect the battery cells in the battery accommodation space 1.

[0040] In addition, the vehicle body structure of the present invention includes an integrated battery rear cross member 13 provided on the lower rear side of the floor panel 3 to cover the rear of the battery accommodation space 1, side sills 15 coupled to both ends of the integrated battery front cross member 5 and the integrated battery rear cross member 13 to cover the sides of the battery accommodation space 1, and a battery lower module 17 coupled to the lower sides of the integrated battery front cross member 5, the integrated battery rear cross member 13, and the side sills 15 to cover the lower part of the battery accommodation space 1.

[0041] Here, the battery lower module 17 includes a lower module outer front cross member 19 coupled to the lower side of the integrated battery front cross member 5, a lower module outer rear cross member 21 coupled to the lower side of the integrated battery rear cross member 13, a lower module outer side member 23 coupled to the lower side of the side sill 15, and a lower plate 25 coupled to the lower sides of the lower module outer front cross member 19, the lower module outer rear cross member 21, and the lower module outer side member 23 to cover the lower part of the battery accommodation space 1.

[0042] That is, the battery accommodation space 1 is configured such that its upper side is covered by the floor panel 3, its lower side is covered by the lower plate 25, its front is covered by the integrated battery front cross member 5 and the lower module outer front cross member 19, its both sides are covered by the side sills 15 and the lower module outer side members 23, and its rear is covered by the integrated battery rear cross member 13 and the lower module outer rear cross member 21.

[0043] The dash cross member 7 is coupled together to the upper surface of the floor panel 3 and the front surface of the integrated battery front cross member 5.

[0044] That is, the dash cross member 7 is coupled in a shape that wraps the front upper corner formed by the floor panel 3 and the integrated battery front cross member 5, so that the load transmitted rearward through the dash cross member 7 can be dispersed and supported by the floor panel 3 and the integrated battery front cross member 5.

[0045] The front side lower rear member 11 is coupled while wrapping the front surface of the dash cross member 7 vertically and is coupled to the front surface of the integrated battery front cross member 5.

[0046] Therefore, the load transmitted rearward through the front side member 9 is transmitted to the dash cross member 7 and dispersed and transmitted to the integrated battery front cross member 5.

[0047] Further, the vehicle body structure of the present invention includes an extension side member 29 that connects the rear of the front side member 9 to an A pillar 27 whose lower end is connected to the side sill 15 while being coupled to the front side lower rear member 11.

[0048] That is, the extension side member 29 forms a closed cross section with the front side lower rear member 11 and connects and supports the rear of the front side member 9 with the A pillar 27.

[0049] For reference, in the drawings, only the lower part of the A pillar 27 is shown, and the upper part is omitted.

[0050] Further, the vehicle body structure of the present invention includes a dash cross extension member 31 installed to connect the dash cross member 7, the side sill 15, and the A pillar 27.

[0051] That is, the dash cross extension member 31 is installed so as to extend from both ends of the dash cross member 7, and by being coupled to the A-pillar 27 and the side sill 15, it not only increases the coupling force between the dash cross member 7 and the side sill 15, but also serves to more firmly connect the lower part of the A-pillar 27 to the side sill 15.

[0052] The floor panel 3 is provided with a floor front cross member 33 that protrudes upward so as to connect both side sills 15, and a dash floor connecting member 35 is provided to connect and support between the dash cross member 7 and the floor front cross member 33 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.

[0053] Therefore, the dash cross member 7 is connected and supported in the longitudinal direction by the rear floor front cross member 33 and the dash floor connecting member 35, and by dispersing and supporting the load input from the front side member 9 to the dash floor connecting member 35 and the floor front cross member 33, the battery in the battery accommodation space 1 can be more effectively protected from a frontal collision of the vehicle or the like.

[0054] A corner reinforcement member 37 that is inclined and coupled to the integrated battery rear cross member 13 and the side sill 15 can be provided between the integrated battery rear cross member 13 and the side sill 15.

[0055] That is, the integrated battery rear cross member 13 can be directly coupled to the side sill 15 to form the battery accommodation space 1. However, in order to further increase the volume of the battery accommodation space 1 and increase the number of battery cells to be accommodated, when extending the rear of the battery accommodation space 1, as described above, the corner reinforcement member 37 can be configured to connect between the integrated battery rear cross member 13 and the side sill 15.

[0056] Above the corner reinforcement member 37, a coupling flange 39 that protrudes toward the battery accommodation space 1 and is coupled to the lower surface of the floor panel 3 can be integrally provided.

[0057] When the coupling flange 39 is welded to the floor panel 3 by a method such as FSW (Friction Stir Welding), it provides easy weldability.

[0058] In the battery lower module 17, a lower module outer corner member 41 that is inclined and coupled to the rear cross member 21 and the side member 23 of the lower module outer contour is provided below the corner reinforcement member 37 between the rear cross member 21 and the side member 23 of the lower module outer contour.

[0059] That is, when the corner reinforcement member 37 is provided as described above, the battery lower module 17 is also provided with the lower module outer corner member 41 so as to be coupled to the lower side of the corner reinforcement member 37, so that the battery accommodation space 1 can be completely sealed.

[0060] The front cross member 19, the outer cross member 21, the side member 23, and the outer corner member 41 of the lower module outer contour are configured to seal the battery accommodation space 1 by being vertically coupled to the front cross member 5, the rear cross member, the side sill 15, and the corner reinforcement member 37 of the integrated battery with a gasket 43 forming a closed curve interposed therebetween.

[0061] As a reference, the gasket 43 is sandwiched and compressed between members as described above. However, in the drawing, it is shown in a state of protruding inside the integrated battery front cross member 5, the integrated battery rear cross member, the side sill 15, and the corner reinforcement member 37, which are members located relatively on the upper side.

[0062] A rear side member 45 is coupled to the rear end of the side sill 15, and the front end of the rear side member 45 is formed in a shape that wraps around the upper surface, lower surface, and rear end of the side sill 15.

[0063] The side sill 15 and the lower module outer side member 23 are formed with a side sill lower rib 47 that forms a groove opening downward.

[0064] Further, the rear side member 45 is provided with a rear side partition portion 49 that extends from the upper side to the lower side so as to wrap the rear end of the side sill 15, and at the lower end of the rear side partition portion 49, a partition flange portion 51 that wraps the lower surface of the side sill 15 while being inserted into the groove formed by the side sill lower rib 47 and the lower module outer side member 23.

[0065] Therefore, the side sill 15 and the rear side member 45 have a strong coupling structure not only in the front-rear direction but also in the up-down, left-right directions.

[0066] The rear side member 45 is coupled so as to support the rear of the side sill 15 and the corner reinforcement member 37.

[0067] Therefore, the load input from the rear via the rear side member 45 is dispersed and supported by the corner reinforcement member 37 and the side sill 15.

[0068] Further, the floor panel 3 is provided with a floor rear cross member 53 that protrudes upward so as to connect both side sills 15, and the rear side member 45 is coupled to the floor rear cross member 53.

[0069] That is, the rear side member 45 is coupled to the side sill 15, the corner reinforcement member 37, and the floor rear cross member 53 to form a stronger coupling structure with the components.

[0070] Also, a rear subframe 55 is attached to the lower side of the rear side member 45, and a rear wheel or the like is attached to the rear subframe 55.

[0071] The floor panel 3 has a cross-sectional shape having a large number of closed cross-sections and extends along the lateral direction of the vehicle body. The integrated battery front cross member 5 and the integrated battery rear cross member 13 are integrally formed with the floor panel 3 in a cross-section protruding below the floor panel 3.

[0072] That is, in the present embodiment, a large number of the floor panels 3 are arranged in the front-rear direction so as to planar wrap the upper side of the battery accommodation space 1. As described above, the integrated battery front cross member 5 is integrally formed on the foremost floor panel 3, and the integrated battery rear cross member 13 is integrally formed on the rearmost floor panel 3.

[0073] Therefore, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to couple the floor panel 3, the integrated battery front cross member 5, and the integrated battery rear cross member 13 by welding or the like.

[0074] When the floor panel 3 is joined to the side sill 15 and the floor panel 3 is joined to the corner reinforcement member 37 by FSW, it may take a considerable amount of assembly time. In this case, as described above, the floor panel 3, the integrated battery front cross member 5, and the integrated battery rear cross member 13 do not require separate joining operations such as FSW, which helps improve the productivity of the vehicle.

[0075] Further, in the vehicle body structure of the present invention, the floor panel 3 provided with the integrated battery front cross member 5 is integrally formed with a floor front cross member 33 that protrudes upward so as to connect the both side sills 15, and the floor panel 3 provided with the integrated battery rear cross member 13 is integrally formed with a floor rear cross member 53 that protrudes upward so as to connect the both side sills 15. By adopting such a configuration, while minimizing unnecessary assembly work, a more robust vehicle body structure is provided, such as increasing the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body.

[0076] On the other hand, a front sub-frame 57 is attached to the lower side of the front side member 9, and the rear end of the front sub-frame 57 is supported by a front sub-frame mounting bracket 59 on the lower side of the dash cross member 7.

[0077] Drive components such as front wheels and motors can be supported by the front sub-frame 57.

[0078] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in connection with specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various improvements and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the technical idea of the present invention provided by the following claims.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0079] 1 Battery accommodation space 3 Floor panel 5 Integrated battery front cross member 7 Dash Cross Member 9 Front Side Member 11 Front Side Lower Member 13 Integrated Battery Rear Cross Member 15 Side Sill 17 Battery Lower Module 19 Lower Module Outer Front Cross Member 21 Lower Module Outer Rear Cross Member 23 Lower Module Outer Side Member 25 Lower Plate 27 A Pillar 29 Extension Side Member 31 Dash Cross Extension Member 33 Floor Front Cross Member 35 Dash Floor Connecting Member 37 Corner Reinforcement Member 39 Coupling Flange 41 Lower Module Outer Corner Member 43 Gasket 45 Rear Side Member 47 Side Sill Lower Rib 49 Rear Side Partition 51 Partition Flange 53 Floor Rear Cross Member 55 Rear Subframe 57 Front Subframe 59 Front Subframe Mounting Bracket

Claims

1. A floor panel installed to cover the upper side of the battery storage space; an integrated battery front cross member provided on a front lower side of the floor panel and covering a front of the battery accommodating space; a dash cross member connecting said floor panel and said integrated battery forward cross member; A front side member provided in front of the dash cross member; and a front side rear lower member that connects a rear portion of the front side member to the dash cross member.

2. an integrated battery rear cross member provided on a rear lower side of the floor panel and covering a rear of the battery accommodating space; side sills connected to both ends of the integrated battery front cross member and the integrated battery rear cross member and covering sides of the battery accommodating space; 2. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 1, comprising: the integrated battery front cross member, the integrated battery rear cross member, and a battery lower module that is coupled to the lower side of the side sill and covers the lower side of the battery accommodating space.

3. The battery lower module includes: a lower module outer shell front cross member coupled to a lower side of the integrated battery front cross member; a lower module outer shell rear cross member coupled to a lower side of the integrated battery rear cross member; a lower module outer shell side member coupled to a lower side of the side sill; 3. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 2, further comprising: a lower plate coupled to lower sides of the lower module outer shell front cross member, the lower module outer shell rear cross member, and the lower module outer shell side member to cover a lower portion of the battery accommodating space.

4. 3. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 2, wherein the dash cross member is coupled to an upper surface of the floor panel and a front surface of the integrated battery front cross member.

5. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 2 , wherein the front side rear lower member is vertically wrapped around and connected to a front surface of the dash cross member, and is connected to a front surface of the integrated battery front cross member.

6. 6. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 5, further comprising an extension side member which is connected to the front side rear lower member and connects a rear of the front side member to an A-pillar whose lower end is connected to the side sill.

7. 7. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 6, further comprising a dash cross extension member arranged to connect the dash cross member, the side sill and the A-pillar.

8. The floor panel is provided with a floor front cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills, 6. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 5, further comprising a dash floor connecting member that connects and supports the dash cross member and the floor front cross member along the front-rear direction of the vehicle body.

9. 4. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 3, further comprising a corner reinforcement member between the integrated battery rear cross member and the side sill, the corner reinforcement member being inclinedly coupled to the integrated battery rear cross member and the side sill.

10. 10. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 9, wherein a connecting flange is integrally provided on an upper side of the corner reinforcement member, the connecting flange protruding toward the battery accommodating space and connecting to a lower surface of the floor panel.

11. 10. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 9, wherein the battery lower module is provided with a lower module outer shell corner member between the lower module outer shell rear cross member and the lower module outer shell side member, the lower module outer shell corner member being inclinedly connected to the lower module outer shell rear cross member and the lower module outer shell side member below the corner reinforcement member.

12. 12. The electric vehicle body structure of claim 11, wherein the lower module outer shell front cross member, the lower module outer shell rear cross member, the lower module outer shell side member, and the lower module outer shell corner member are configured to be connected to the integrated battery front cross member, the integrated battery rear cross member, the side sill, and the corner reinforcement member via a gasket that forms a closed curve to seal the battery accommodating space.

13. A rear side member is connected to the rear end of the side sill, 10. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 9, wherein a front end portion of the rear side member is formed into a shape that encloses an upper surface, a lower surface and a rear end portion of the side sill.

14. The side sill is provided with a side sill lower rib that forms a groove that opens downward together with the lower module outer shell side member, 14. The electric vehicle body structure of claim 13, wherein the rear side member is provided with a rear side partition portion extending from an upper side to a lower side to surround a rear end portion of the side sill, and a partition flange portion at a lower end of the rear side partition portion being inserted into a groove formed by the side sill lower rib and the lower module outer side member to surround a lower surface of the side sill.

15. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 13, wherein the rear side member is connected to the side sill and the rear of the corner reinforcement member so as to support the side sill and the rear of the corner reinforcement member.

16. The floor panel is provided with a floor rear cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills, The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 13, wherein the rear side member is connected to the floor rear cross member.

17. 14. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 13, wherein a rear subframe is attached to the lower side of the rear side member.

18. The floor panel has a cross-sectional shape having a number of closed cross sections extending along a lateral direction of a vehicle body, 3. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 2, wherein the integrated battery front cross member and the integrated battery rear cross member are integrally formed with the floor panel with a cross section protruding downward from the floor panel.

19. A number of the floor panels are disposed in the front-rear direction so as to flatly surround the upper side of the battery accommodating space, The floor panel including the integrated battery front cross member is integrally formed with a floor front cross member that protrudes upward to connect both side sills, 20. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 18, wherein the floor panel including the integrated battery rear cross member is integrally formed with a floor rear cross member protruding upward to connect both side sills.

20. A front subframe is attached to the lower side of the front side member, 2. The electric vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein a rear end of the front subframe is supported on a lower side of the dash cross member by a front subframe mounting bracket.

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