Organic fermented fertilizer

Abstract

To provide an organic fermented fertilizer that can be produced without causing a foul odor, at a low cost necessitating no large-sized manufacturing facility and can continuously and effectively use a used mushroom bed, bamboo, chaff, grape lees, etc. or refuse of marine algae such as brown seaweed (Wakame) and kelp (Kombu), and can be produced at a low cost.SOLUTION: An organic fermented fertilizer can be manufactured through the steps of: administering excrement from livestock at an appropriate water content, the livestock having been fed with a mixture obtained by mixing with existing feed waste consisting of organic matters and feed which has been subjected to subcritical water treatment; stirring and mixing uniformly the excrement by an agitator; loading and turning over the excrement at 50-70°C in a first stage while fermenting the same; repeating the fermentation and the turning over; and heating and maintaining the excrement at about 40°C for 96 hours in a second stage to obtain the organic fermented fertilizer in about one to two months. The obtained organic fermented fertilizer has no foul odor, and a good balance of fertilizer effect, and provides effects such as rooting enhancing of crops, microorganism proliferation acceleration, remedying of soil disease, and elimination of replant failure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic fermentation fertilizer using livestock manure obtained by feeding livestock with a feed in which a subcritical water-treated fermented and aged feed is mixed with a conventional feed.

Background Art

[0002] Wastes composed of organic substances, such as livestock manure like cow dung and chicken manure, and bedding materials mixed therewith, have been utilized as organic fermentation fertilizers since ancient times. However, the manure of livestock has a strong odor and has become a social problem, and it has become obligatory to suppress the odor below a certain standard by the Odor Control Law. Dairy farmers raising cows, pigs, chickens, etc. have moved to locations away from the settlements, but there are still cases where odor complaints are received depending on the wind direction. Similar situations also exist regarding the manufacturing locations of organic fermentation fertilizers using such manure and the locations where the organic fermentation fertilizers are used.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] In view of these points, the present invention solves the above-mentioned odor problem, can solve problems such as the production site of organic fermented fertilizer and the use site of organic fermented fertilizer, has no odor, does not require large-scale production equipment, and can continuously and effectively utilize livestock manure, mushroom waste beds, bamboo materials, rice husks, grape pomace, etc., or waste materials of seaweeds such as wakame and kombu, and aims to provide an organic fermented fertilizer that can also reduce costs.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The organic fermented fertilizer of the present invention mainly consists of livestock manure and organic matter obtained by mixing fermented and ripened feed treated with subcritical water with conventional feed and feeding it to livestock. The livestock manure obtained by mixing fermented and ripened feed treated with subcritical water with conventional feed and feeding it contains many enzymes that decompose ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, salts, etc. by the action of degrading enzymes, reducing the odor, and early decompose proteins that solidify the soil into low-molecular-weight substances.

[0007] As for the livestock manure used in the present invention, as long as it is the manure of livestock that have eaten fermented and ripened feed obtained by subjecting feeds such as beans and rice bran to subcritical water treatment, any manure of cows, pigs, chickens, etc. can be used. This manure is loaded onto a soil field and used after adjusting the moisture content to 40 - 60%. As one of the waste materials consisting of organic matter, mushroom waste beds are used. The material components of the mushroom beds are a mixture of large sawdust such as broad-leaved trees and coniferous trees, and corn cobs, rice husks, etc. with bran, rice bran, etc. Although they are also called mushroom beds or shiitake mushroom beds, in the present invention, the beds used for mushroom cultivation are collectively referred to as mushroom beds. The mushroom waste beds are the beds discarded after mushroom cultivation. If the mushroom waste beds are used as they are after being crushed, there is a possibility of growth inhibition due to nitrogen starvation, which is harmful to crops, or growth inhibition due to harmful components contained in the waste materials. Therefore, as the primary fermentation, it is piled up for about 3 months to 1 year, fermented while maintaining the moisture content at 60 - 70%, repeatedly turned over for sufficient fermentation, and then used after adjusting the moisture content to 40 - 50%. Another type of waste consisting of organic matter is bamboo. However, since freshly cut bamboo has a high moisture content, it needs to be sun-dried for about one to two weeks to adjust the moisture content before use. If it is sun-dried for about one month after harvesting and then used, it will reach an appropriate moisture content. These bamboo materials are crushed into chips by a crusher and used after adjusting the moisture content to 30 - 40%. Other types of waste consisting of organic matter include rice husks, grape pomace, seaweeds such as wakame and kombu, and their stems and root parts. As primary fermentation, these are fermented respectively, managed to an appropriate moisture content, and then used. Trees and weeds are used after being made into incineration ash. Incineration ash is not used all the time, but when used, it is added and mixed before stirring livestock manure and waste materials consisting of organic matter. Fermented and aged feed obtained by subjecting feed to subcritical water treatment is mixed with conventional feed and fed to livestock. After selecting organic matter from the manure of the livestock and the above-mentioned organic matter and stirring and mixing them with a stirrer, as secondary fermentation, they are loaded onto a heap and fermented. However, in order to make the fermentation proceed quickly by the action of aerobic bacteria, it is appropriately turned over to complete the ripening and produce organic fermented fertilizer. The organic fermented fertilizer produced in this way has no bad smell of livestock manure, has a good fertilizer efficiency balance, and can obtain effects such as promoting the rooting of plants, promoting the growth of microorganisms, preventing soil diseases, and removing continuous cropping obstacles.

Advantages of the Invention

[0008] Since the problem of the bad smell of livestock manure is solved, it is not necessary to transfer the production site of organic fermented fertilizer to a place far from the settlement, and the use of organic fermented fertilizer can also be used without worrying about the place. A large amount of continuously generated livestock manure, mushroom waste beds, bamboo, rice husks, grape pomace, seaweeds and other waste materials that are difficult to handle can be continuously and effectively utilized.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009]

Figure 1

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment

[0011] The first embodiment uses cow dung, which is the most commonly used livestock manure, and as organic waste, it uses organic fermented fertilizer made from mushroom waste beds, bamboo chips, and rice bran. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the manufacturing procedure. As livestock manure, use the manure of cows that have eaten fermented and aged feed obtained by subjecting beans and rice bran to subcritical water treatment. By feeding cows with fermented and aged feed obtained by subjecting beans and rice bran to subcritical water treatment, the intestinal environment of cows can be adjusted, and manure with less odor can be obtained. The cow dung is loaded onto a concrete floor yard with a roof to block rain for about one month to adjust the moisture content to 40 - 60%. The mushroom waste bed uses a mixture of corn cobs, bran, rice bran, etc., which is said to be more easily decomposed by microorganisms than large sawdust. If it is directly pulverized and used, it may be harmful to crops. So, as primary fermentation, like cow dung, it is loaded onto a yard with a roof to block rain and a concrete floor for about 3 months to 1 year, fermented while maintaining the moisture content at 60 - 70% and repeatedly turned over for sufficient fermentation, and the moisture content is adjusted to 40 - 50%. The bamboo chips are made by pulverizing bamboo materials that have been sun-dried for about one month after felling into chip shape with a pulverizer and adjusting the moisture content to 30 - 40%. Bamboo is a porous substance and is less likely to rot compared to wood, etc., so it becomes an effective living place for microorganisms, and the bamboo chips alone are not fermented. For rice bran, those with a moisture content dried to about 10% are used. Put the above-mentioned cow dung, mushroom waste bed, bamboo chips, and rice bran into a stirrer at a volume ratio of about 1:1:0.8:0.2, and stir for 20 to 30 minutes to mix evenly. As secondary fermentation, this mixture is loaded onto a concrete floor yard with a roof that blocks rainwater. In the first stage, when the fermentation progresses and the temperature reaches 50 to 70 °C, reverse the process, and then repeat the fermentation and reversal. In the second stage, keep it warm and ferment at around 40 °C for 96 hours. Then, stir again and cool it to room temperature. It will become a matured organic fermented fertilizer with a moisture content of about 20% in one to two months. Finally, crush it with a crusher to make it powdery. The organic fermented fertilizer is fluffy and does not have the bad smell of cow dung.

[0012] The component test results of this organic fermented fertilizer are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Example

[0013] The second example is an organic fermented fertilizer composed of cow dung, shiitake mushroom waste bed, bamboo chips, and rice husks. For cow dung, use the dung of cows that have eaten fermented and matured feed obtained by subjecting beans and rice bran to subcritical water treatment. By feeding cows with fermented and matured feed obtained by subjecting beans and rice bran to subcritical water treatment, the intestinal environment of cows can be adjusted, and manure with less bad smell can be obtained. The cow dung is loaded onto a yard with a concrete floor and a roof that blocks rainwater for about one month to adjust the moisture content to 40 - 60%. For the shiitake mushroom waste bed, use a mixture of broadleaf tree sawdust mixed with bran, rice bran, etc. If it is crushed and used as it is, it may be harmful to crops. So, as primary fermentation, load it for about four months to one year, and while maintaining the moisture content at 60 - 70%, repeat the fermentation and turning over to fully ferment it, and adjust the moisture content to 40 - 50%. Since the shiitake mushroom waste bed uses broadleaf tree sawdust, it is fermented a little longer than the waste bed using corn cobs. The bamboo chips are made by crushing bamboo materials that have been sun-dried for about one month after felling into chip shape with a crusher and adjusting the moisture content to 30 - 40%. The rice husks used are the rice husks generated during brown rice production, used as they are. Put the above-mentioned cow dung, shiitake mushroom spent mushroom beds, bamboo chips, and rice husks into a stirrer at a volume ratio of approximately 1:1:1:1, and stir for 20 - 30 minutes to mix evenly. This mixture is used for secondary fermentation. It is loaded onto an earthen field with a roof to block rainwater and a concrete floor for fermentation. In the first stage, the fermentation temperature is 50 - 70 °C and the turning operation is carried out. Then, the fermentation and turning are repeated. In the second stage, it is kept warm and heated for fermentation at around 40 °C for 96 hours. Then, it is stirred again and cooled to room temperature, and it becomes a matured organic fermented fertilizer in 1 - 2 months. Finally, it is pulverized by a pulverizer to make it powdery. The organic fermented fertilizer is fluffy and does not have the bad smell of cow dung.

Example

[0014] The third example is an organic fermented fertilizer composed of cow dung, mushroom spent mushroom beds, and bamboo chips. It is processed in the same state as Example 2 above. Cow dung, once-fermented mushroom spent mushroom beds, and bamboo chips are put into a stirrer at a volume ratio of approximately 1:1:1, and stirred for 20 - 30 minutes to mix evenly. This mixture is fermented in the same way as in the above example by loading it onto an earthen field for secondary fermentation. In the first stage, the fermentation temperature is 50 - 70 °C and the turning operation is carried out. Then, the fermentation and turning are repeated. In the second stage, it is kept warm and heated for fermentation at around 40 °C for 96 hours. Then, it is stirred again and cooled to room temperature, and it becomes a matured organic fermented fertilizer in 1 - 2 months. Finally, it is pulverized by a pulverizer to make it powdery. The organic fermented fertilizer is fluffy and does not have the bad smell of cow dung.

Industrial Applicability

[0015] Since the odor problem of the organic fermentation fertilizer using livestock manure is solved, it is possible to use the organic fermentation fertilizer without transferring the manufacturing location of the organic fermentation fertilizer to a place away from the settlement and without worrying about the location of use. Livestock manure, mushroom waste beds, bamboo, rice husks, grape pomace, etc., which are continuously generated in large quantities and are difficult to process, or wastes of seaweeds such as wakame and kombu can be utilized as organic fermentation fertilizers, and there is a possibility of being utilized as a sustainable industry. In addition, the organic fermentation fertilizer has no odor, has a good fertilizer effect balance, and can obtain effects such as promoting the rooting of crops, promoting the growth of microorganisms, preventing soil diseases, and removing continuous cropping obstacles, so it can be expected as a sustainable fertilizer for farmers.

Claims

1. An organic fermented fertilizer characterized by stirring and secondarily fermenting the manure of livestock fed with a feed obtained by mixing an article obtained by primary fermentation of waste composed of organic matter and a fermented and aged feed treated with subcritical water.

2. The organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that pulverized bamboo chips are added before stirring and secondarily fermented.

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