Liquid-crystal medium comprising polymerizable compounds

Abstract

To provide a liquid-crystal medium comprising polymerizable compounds.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an LC medium (as a subcategory of liquid crystal material) comprising two or more polymerizable compounds; its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, an LC display of the PSA or SA mode comprising the LC medium; and a process of manufacturing the LC display using the LC medium, especially an energy-saving LC display and energy-saving LC display production process.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an LC medium (as a subcategory of liquid crystal materials) containing two or more polymerizable compounds, and particularly to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes in an LC display, particularly in an LC display in a PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, an LC display in a PSA or SA mode containing the LC medium, and a method for manufacturing an LC display using the LC medium, particularly an energy-saving LC display and a method for manufacturing an energy-saving LC display.

Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of 8K monitors and game monitors, the demand for liquid crystal display (LCD) panels with higher refresh rates, and thus for LC media with faster response times, has been increasing. Many of these LCD panels use polymer stabilized (PS) or polymer sustained alignment mode (PSA) modes such as PS-VA (vertically aligned), PS-IPS (in-plane switching) or PS-FFS (fringe-field switching) modes or modes derived therefrom, or self-aligning (SA) modes such as polymer stabilized SA-VA.

[0003] In the PS or PSA mode, one or more polymerizable mesogenic compounds, also known as reactive mesogens (RM), typically in an amount of 0.1 to 1%, are added to the LC medium. After filling the LC medium into the display, the RM is then polymerized in situ by UV photopolymerization while applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display. Thereby, a small tilt angle is generated in the LC molecules of the LC medium, which is stabilized by the polymerized RM. The UV polymerization process, also called the "PSA process", is usually a two-step process, including a first UV exposure step ("UV1 step") of applying a voltage to generate a tilt angle and a second UV exposure step ("UV2 step") of applying no voltage to complete the polymerization of the RM.

[0004] In the SA-VA mode, the alignment layer in the display is omitted. Instead, a small amount, typically 0.1 to 2.5%, of self-alignment (SA) additives is added to the LC medium, which induces the desired alignment, such as homeotropic alignment or planar alignment, by a self-organization mechanism in situ. SA additives usually contain an organic mesogenic core group to which one or more polar anchor groups, such as hydroxy groups, carboxy groups, amino groups or thiol groups, are linked, which can interact with the substrate surface, orient the additives on the substrate surface and also induce the desired alignment in the LC molecules. The SA additives may also contain one or more polymerizable groups that can be polymerized under the same conditions as the RM used in the PSA process. In addition to the SA additives, the LC medium may also contain one or more RM.

[0005] As one method of shortening the response time of the LC medium for the PSA mode, for example, a compound having an alkenyl group may be used as a component of the LC host mixture. However, this may lead to a decrease in the reliability of the mixture when exposed to the UV light necessary for the polymerization of the RM additive, which is thought to be due to the reaction of the alkenyl compound with the polyimide of the alignment layer, which becomes a problem particularly when using a UV wavelength shorter than 320 nm. Therefore, in the PSA process, there is a tendency to use a longer UV wavelength.

[0006] UV-LED lamps have been proposed for use in the PSA process because they consume less power, have a long lifespan, and have a narrow emission peak, enabling efficient transmission of light energy to the liquid crystal medium and reducing the UV intensity and UV irradiation time. This shortens the tact time and enables reduction of energy and manufacturing costs. Currently available UV lamps emit at higher wavelengths, for example, at 365 nm.

[0007] Therefore, there is also a requirement for a polymerizable LC medium that enables efficient polymerization of RM at longer UV wavelengths.

[0008] A further problem in the manufacture of PSA displays is the presence or removal of the residual amount of unpolymerized RM, particularly after the polymerization step for generating the pretilt angle within the display. For example, during the operation after the manufacture of the display, this type of unreacted RM may affect the characteristics of the display because it polymerizes in an uncontrolled manner.

[0009] Therefore, in conventional PSA displays, the additional "image sticking" effect caused by the presence of unpolymerized RM is often observed. Here, the uncontrolled polymerization of the remaining RM is initiated by UV light from the environment or by the backlight. In the switched display regions, this changes the tilt angle after a number of address cycles. As a result, a change in transmittance may occur in the switched regions, while the transmittance remains unchanged in the unswitched regions.

[0010] Therefore, when manufacturing a PSA display, it is desirable that the polymerization of RM proceeds as completely as possible, and the presence of unpolymerized RM in the display is eliminated as much as possible or reduced to a minimum. Thus, RM and LC mixtures that enable or promote highly efficient and complete polymerization of RM are required. In addition, a controlled reaction of the remaining amount of RM would be desirable. This would be more convenient if RM polymerizes more rapidly and effectively than the compounds known to date.

[0011] A further problem observed in the operation of PSA displays is the stability of the tilt angle. Thus, it has been observed that when polymerizing RM and manufacturing the display as described above, the tilt angle generated is not constant and can decrease after applying a voltage stress to the display during its operation. This can, for example, increase the transmission in the dark state and thus reduce the contrast, adversely affecting the performance of the display.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0012] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved LC medium containing RM for use in PSA or SA displays, and PSA or SA displays containing them, which have a very high specific resistance value, a high VHR value, high reliability, a low threshold voltage, a short response time, high birefringence, particularly good UV absorption in the range of longer UV wavelengths, preferably 340 to 380 nm, rapid and complete polymerization of RM, controlled generation of a low tilt angle, high stability of the tilt angle after UV exposure, reduced image sticking and ODF unevenness, provided that RM exhibits high solubility in the LC host mixture.

[0013] It has been found that one or more of these objects can be achieved by providing an LC medium containing two or more polymerizable compounds as disclosed and claimed hereinafter.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0014] The present invention relates to an LC medium having negative dielectric anisotropy, containing one or more compounds selected from formulas L1 and L2, and further containing two or more polymerizable compounds (preferably those of formula M).

[0015]

Chemical formula

[0016] In the formula, each group, independently of one another, has the following meanings, the same or different in each occurrence: R L1 is linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms (provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CR 0 =CR 00 -, -C≡C-,

Chemical formula

[0017] The present invention further relates to an LC medium as described above and below, which additionally contains one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a stabilizer, a chiral dopant, a polymerization initiator, and a self-aligning additive.

[0018] The present invention further relates to the use of an LC medium as described above and below in an LC display in PSA or SA mode.

[0019] The present invention further relates to a method for preparing an LC medium as described above and below, which includes a step of mixing one or more polymerizable compounds of formula M with one or more compounds of formula L1 and / or L2 and optionally further LC compounds and / or additives.

[0020] The present invention further relates to an LC display including an LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below, preferably a PSA or SA display, more preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0021] The present invention further relates to an LC display including an LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable compound is present in a polymerized form, preferably a PSA or SA display, most preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0022] The present invention further relates to a PSA-type LC display including two substrates at least one of which is transparent to light, electrodes provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and a layer of an LC medium as described above and below disposed between the substrates, wherein the polymerizable compound is polymerized between the substrates of the display by UV photopolymerization.

[0023] The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium as described above and below between the substrates of the display, and polymerizing a polymerizable compound by irradiation with preferably UV light, preferably having a wavelength in the range of more than 340 nm, preferably more than 360 nm, preferably in the range of 340 - 400 nm, more preferably in the range of 350 - 390 nm, very preferably in the range of 360 - 380 nm, and most preferably in the range of 360 - 368 nm, preferably while applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display.

[0024] The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, wherein the irradiation of the polymerizable compound is carried out using a UV-LED lamp.

[0025] When the LC medium according to the present invention is used in a PSA display, it exhibits the following advantageous properties: · Appropriate tilt generation within a specific process window, · Fast polymerization with minimal residue of RM after UV treatment, · High voltage holding ratio after UV treatment, · Excellent tilt stability, · Excellent VHR, · Sufficient stability against heat, · Sufficient solubility in organic solvents typically used in the manufacture of displays.

[0026] In addition, the LC media according to the present invention exhibit one or more of the following advantageous properties: · They generate a desired degree of tilt angle after exposure to UV light, · They provide high tilt stability, · They exhibit good UV absorption, particularly at longer UV wavelengths, preferably in the range of 340 - 400 nm, more preferably in the range of 350 - 390 nm, very preferably in the range of 360 - 380 nm, and most preferably in the range of 360 - 368 nm, enabling rapid and complete polymerization of RM at these wavelengths. · They are suitable for use in PSA displays prepared by a polymerization process using a UV-LED lamp, · They enable controlling the time range of the first UV process in which a tilt angle is generated during UV processing, · They maintain the time range of the second UV process as short as possible to minimize manufacturing costs, · After the first and second UV exposure processes, they reduce or avoid the negative impact of residual RM on LC mixture performance parameters such as VHR and tilt stability.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0027] When the alkenyl group in the compound of formula II or other components of the LC medium as disclosed below is used herein, it is not considered to be within the meaning of the term "polymerizable group". The polymerization conditions of the polymerizable compounds of the LC medium are preferably selected such that the alkenyl substituent does not participate in the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the LC media disclosed and claimed in the present application do not contain additives that initiate or promote the participation of alkenyl groups in the polymerization reaction.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the polymerizable compounds and the compounds of formula II are preferably selected from achiral compounds.

[0029] As used herein, the expression "UV light having a wavelength" following a predetermined wavelength range (unit: nm) or a lower or upper limit of a predetermined wavelength (unit: nm) means that the UV emission spectrum of each radiation source preferably has an emission peak that is the highest peak within the predetermined wavelength range or above the lower limit or below the upper limit of the predetermined wavelength in each spectrum, and / or that the UV absorption spectrum of each chemical substance has a long or short wavelength tail extending within the predetermined wavelength range or above the lower limit or below the upper limit of the predetermined wavelength.

[0030] As used herein, the term "full width at half maximum" or "FWHM (full width half maximum)" means the width of a spectral curve measured between points on the y-axis that are half of the maximum amplitude.

[0031] As used herein, the term "substantially transmits" means that the filter transmits most, preferably at least 50% of the intensity of the incident light of the desired wavelength. As used herein, the term "substantially blocks" means that the filter does not transmit most, preferably at least 50% of the intensity of the incident light of the undesired wavelength. As used herein, the term "desired (undesired) wavelength" means, for example, in the case of a bandpass filter, a wavelength within (outside) the given range of λ, and in the case of a cutoff filter, a wavelength above (below) the given value of λ.

[0032] As used herein, the terms "active layer" and "switchable layer" mean a layer in an electro-optical display, such as an LC display, that contains one or more types of molecules having structural and optical anisotropy, such as LC molecules, whose molecular orientation changes upon external stimuli such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the layer's permeability to polarized or non-polarized light.

[0033] As used herein, the terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" are understood to mean an orientation in which the LC molecules of the LC medium are tilted with respect to the cell surface in an LC display (preferably a PSA display herein). In this specification, the tilt angle means the average angle (less than 90°) between the molecular long axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the surface of the flat and parallel outer plates forming the LC cell. In this specification, a low value of the tilt angle (i.e., significantly deviating from 90°) corresponds to a large tilt. An appropriate method for measuring the tilt angle is given in the examples. Unless otherwise indicated, the values of the tilt angles disclosed above and below relate to this measurement method.

[0034] As used herein, the terms "reactive mesogen" and "RM (reactive mesogen)" are understood to mean a compound containing a mesogen or liquid crystal backbone and one or more functional groups suitable for polymerization linked to the backbone, and the functional group is also referred to as a "polymerizable group" or "P".

[0035] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a polymerizable monomer compound.

[0036] The SA-VA display according to the present invention becomes a polymer-stabilized mode including or manufactured using an LC medium containing RMs of Formulas I and II. As a result, as used herein, the term "SA-VA display" when referring to the display according to the present invention is understood to refer to a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display even if not explicitly mentioned.

[0037] As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" is a term relative to a "polymer compound" or "polymer", and is understood to mean a monomer and / or a compound not prepared by a polymerization reaction.

[0038] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a compound that does not contain a functional group suitable for polymerization under the conditions normally applicable for the polymerization of RM.

[0039] As used herein, the term "mesogenic group" is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, and means a group that essentially contributes to the generation of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or high-molecular-weight substances due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions. A compound containing a mesogenic group (mesogenic compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase by itself. Also, it is possible for the mesogenic compound to exhibit LC phase behavior only after mixing with other compounds and / or after polymerization. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, units having a rigid rod-like or disc-like shape. An overview of the terms and definitions used with respect to mesogens or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340 - 6368.

[0040] As used herein, the term "spacer group", hereinafter also referred to as "Sp", is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. See, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340 - 6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer" means a flexible group, such as an alkylene group, that links a mesogenic group and one or more polymerizable groups in a polymerizable mesogenic compound.

[0041] Above and below,

Chem.

Chem.

[0042] Group

Chem.

[0043] In the formulas shown above and below, R 1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 21,22 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4 etc. terminal groups or when L represents an alkyl group and / or an alkoxy group, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and thus preferably represents ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy or heptyloxy, further, methyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, methoxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or tetradecyloxy.

[0044] When one of the above terminal groups represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH2 groups are replaced by S, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and thus preferably represents thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, thiobutyl, thiopentyl, thiohexyl or thioheptyl.

[0045] The oxaalkyl preferably represents linear 2-oxopropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl.

[0046] When one of the above terminal groups represents an alkoxy or oxaalkyl group, it may also contain one or more additional oxygen atoms, provided that the oxygen atoms are not directly linked to each other.

[0047] When one of the above terminal groups represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH2 groups are replaced by -CH=CH-, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Thus, it particularly represents vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, penta-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hexa-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hepta-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, octa-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, nona-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, deca-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0048] When one of the above terminal groups represents an alkyl or alkenyl group which is at least monosubstituted with halogen, this group is preferably linear and the halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstitution, the halogen is preferably F. The resulting group also includes perfluoro groups. In the case of monosubstitution, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be at any desired position, but is preferably at the ω-position.

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, R1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4 One or more of the above terminal groups such as or L is,

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

[0050] The halogen is preferably F or Cl, very preferably F.

[0051] The group -CR 0 =CR 00 - is preferably -CH=CH-.

[0052] -CO-, -C(=O)- and -C(O)- are carbonyl groups, that is,

Chemical formula

[0053] Preferred substituent L is, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, a linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms each (provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl), a silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms which may be substituted, or an aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15 C atoms which may be substituted, and

[0054] wherein R x represents H, F, Cl, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- so that O- and / S-atoms are not directly linked to each other, provided that one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, P- or P-Sp-, and

[0055] Y 1 represents halogen.

[0056] Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and further phenyl.

[0057]

Chemical formula

[0058] In the compounds of formula L1 and its sub-formulas, R L1is preferably an alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms (in this group, the CH2 group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), very preferably propyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl, and most preferably propyl or pentyl.

[0059] In the compounds of formula L1 and its sub-formulas, X L is preferably F or CF3, and very preferably CF3.

[0060] In the compounds of formula L1 and its sub-formulas, Y L is preferably H or F, and very preferably H.

[0061] In the compounds of formula L1 and its sub-formulas, Y is preferably H or CH3, and very preferably H.

[0062] Preferred compounds of formula L1 are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0063]

Chemical formula

[0064] In the formula, R L1 has the meaning given above for formula L1 and is preferably an alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms (in this group, the CH2 group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), very preferably propyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl, and most preferably propyl or pentyl.

[0065] Especially, compounds of formula L1-2 in which R L1 is n-propyl or n-pentyl are very preferred.

[0066] In the compounds of formula L2 and its sub-formulas, R L1 preferably represents alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl.

[0067] In the compounds of formula L2 and its sub-formulas, R L2 is preferably selected from CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- and CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-, more preferably from CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2- and CH3-CH=CH-, very preferably CH2=CH-.

[0068] In the compounds of formula L2 and its sub-formulas, Y L preferably represents H or F, very preferably H.

[0069] In the compounds of formula L2, Y preferably represents H or CH3, very preferably H.

[0070] The preferred compounds of formula L2 are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0071]

Chemical formula

[0072] In the formula, "alkyl" means a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms (in which the CH2 group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl.

[0073] Particularly, the compound of formula L2-1 in which R L1 is methyl is very preferred.

[0074] The total proportion of the compound of formula L1 or its sub-formula in the LC medium is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, and most preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight.

[0075] The total proportion of the compound of formula L2 or its sub-formula in the LC medium is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, and most preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight.

[0076] More preferred embodiments of the LC medium according to the present invention are listed below, including any combination thereof.

[0077] Preferably, the LC medium further contains one or more compounds of formula II.

[0078]

Chemical formula

[0079] In the formula, each group, independently of one another, has the following meanings, which may be the same or different in each occurrence: R 21 and R 22 are H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are such that O atoms and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, CR 0 =CR 00 -, -C≡C-,

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

[0080] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula II selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID.

[0081]

Chemical formula

[0082] In the formula, each group is the same or different in each occurrence and each has the following meaning independently of one another: R 21 and R 22is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to H, 15, preferably up to 6 C atoms, which group is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by F, Cl, CN or CF3, provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, [Chemical formula] may be replaced by L 1 ~L 4 is F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, Y is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, particularly preferably H, Z 2 、Z 2 is a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CHCH2O-, p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is 0 or 1.

[0083] Preferred compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are those in which R 22 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, very preferably (O)C v H 2v+1 represents, where (O) is an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0084] Even more preferred compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are those in which R 21 or R 22 is preferably [Chemical formula] (wherein S 1 is C 1~12 -alkylene or C 2~12-alkenylene, and S 2 is H, C 1~12 -alkyl or C 2~12 -alkenyl. It is selected from the group consisting of), and very preferably

Chemical formula

[0085] More preferred compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are shown below.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IIA selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0087]

Chemical formula

[0088]

Chemical formula

[0089]

Chemical formula

[0090]

Chemical formula

[0091]

Chemical formula

[0092]

Chemical formula

[0093]

Chemical formula

[0094]

Chem.

[0095]

Chem.

[0096]

Chem.

[0097]

Chem.

[0098]

Chem.

[0099] In the formula, the exponent represents 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0100] Particularly preferred LC media according to the present invention contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, II-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42 and IIA-43.

[0101] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula IIB selected from the group consisting of Formulas IIB-1 to IIB-26.

[0102]

Chem.

[0103]

Chem.

[0104]

Chem.

[0105]

Chem.

[0106] wherein alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0107] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of Formulas IIB-2, IIB-10 and IIB-16.

[0108] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula IIC selected from Formula IIC-1.

[0109]

Chem.

[0110] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly 1 wt% to 3 wt%.

[0111] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0112]

Chemical formula

[0113]

Chemical formula

[0114]

Chemical formula

[0115]

Chemical formula

[0116]

Chemical formula

[0117] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, Y represents H or CH3, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0118] A more preferred LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds of formula IID-1 and / or IID-4.

[0119] A more preferred LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds of formula IID, provided that q is 0, Y is H, and R 22 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, provided that one CH2 group may be replaced by a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl group, preferably selected from formulae IID-1, IID-15, IID-17, IID-18, IID-19, IID-20, IID-21, IID-22 and IID-23, and very preferably selected from formulae IID-1, IID-21, IID-22 and IID-23.

[0120] Very preferred compounds of formula IID are compounds selected from the following sub-formulae.

[0121]

Chemical formula

[0122]

Chemical formula

[0123]

Chemical formula

[0124]

Chemical formula

[0125]

Chemical formula

[0126]

Chemical formula

[0127] In the formula, v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IID-10a.

[0129] [Chemical formula]

[0130] In the formula, R 21 , Y and q have the meanings given by formula IID, and R 23 is [Chemical formula] wherein r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and s is 1, 2 or 3.

[0131] Preferred compounds of formula IID-10a are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0132] [Chemical formula]

[0133] [Chemical formula]

[0134] [Chemical formula]

[0135] [Chemical formula]

[0136] [Chemical formula]

[0137] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the formulas IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, II-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1 and IID-4 and IID-10 or their sub-formulas.

[0138] The proportion of the compounds of formula IIA and / or IIB in the whole mixture is preferably at least 20% by weight.

[0139] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-2 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0140]

Chemical formula

[0141] Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of formula IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formula.

[0142]

Chemical formula

[0143] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-10 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0144]

Chemical formula

[0145] Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of formula IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formula.

[0146]

Chemical formula

[0147] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of Formula IIB-10 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0148]

Chem.

[0149] Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of Formulas IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the following formula.

[0150]

Chem.

[0151] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of Formula III.

[0152]

Chem.

[0153] wherein R 31 and R 32 are each independently of the other H, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, which group is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by F, Cl, CN or CF3, or at least monosubstituted by halogen, provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these groups are such that O atoms are not directly linked to each other, and are replaced by -O-, -S-,

Chem.

[0154] In the compounds of formula III, R 31 and R 32It is preferably selected from linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms, linear alkenyl groups having 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and cyclic alkyl or alkoxy having 3 to 12, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula III selected from sub-formulas III-1 and III-2.

[0156]

Chemical formula

[0157] In the formula, the groups that appear have the same meaning as given above in formula III, preferably R 31 and R 32 are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably, one or both of them represent an alkoxy group, L 11 and L 12 each preferably represents F.

[0158] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula III-1 selected from the group of compounds of sub-formulas III-1-1 to III-1-10, preferably of formula III-1-6.

[0159]

Chemical formula

[0160]

Chemical formula

[0161] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl *represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, alkenyl and alkenyl * represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, alkoxy and alkoxy * represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, and L 11 and L 12 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both F.

[0162] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2 selected from the group of compounds of sub-formulas III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably of formula III-2-1.

[0163]

Chemical formula

[0164]

Chemical formula

[0165] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, alkenyl and alkenyl * represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, alkoxy and alkoxy * represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms each independently of one another, and L 11 and L 12 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both F.

[0166] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-2 are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0167] [Chemistry]

[0168] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentyloxy, very preferably ethoxy or propoxy.

[0169] Compounds of formulae III-2-1-3, III-2-1-4 and III-2-1-5 are highly preferred.

[0170] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from formulae III-3-1 and III-3-2.

[0171] [Chemistry]

[0172] In the formula, L 11 and L 12 have the same meaning as given in formula III, (O) represents O or a single bond, R 33 represents an alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms or the group Cy-C m H 2m+1 -, m and n are the same or different and are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, and Cy represents an alicyclic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted with alkyl or alkenyl having up to 3 C atoms or halogen or CN, preferably represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

[0173] Compounds of formula III-3-1 and / or III-3-2 are either alternative or additional to compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2 and are preferably additionally included in the medium.

[0174] The highly preferred compounds of formula III-3-1 are as follows.

[0175]

Chemical formula

[0176] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0177] The highly preferred compounds of formula III-3-2 are as follows.

[0178]

Chemical formula

[0179] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentyloxy, and very preferably ethoxy or propoxy.

[0180] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula III-4 to III-6, preferably of formula III-5.

[0181]

Chemical formula

[0182] In the formula, the parameters have the meanings given above, and R 11 preferably represents linear alkyl, and R 12 preferably represents alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0183] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula III selected from the group of compounds of sub-formula III-7 to III-9, preferably of sub-formula III-8.

[0184] [Chemical formula]

[0185] In the formula, the parameter has the meaning given above, and R 11 preferably represents a linear alkyl, and R 12 preferably represents an alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0186] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula III selected from formula III-10.

[0187] [Chemical formula]

[0188] In the formula, R 31 and R 32 have the meaning given above.

[0189] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-10 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0190] [Chemical formula]

[0191] [Chemical formula]

[0192] In the formula, R 32 is an alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively -(CH2) n F (where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably represents C2H4F.

[0193] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula III selected from Formula III-11.

[0194]

Chemical formula

[0195] wherein R 31 and R 32 have the meanings given above.

[0196] Highly preferred compounds of Formula III-11 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0197]

Chemical formula

[0198]

Chemical formula

[0199] wherein R 32 is alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively -(CH2) n F (where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5). Preferably, it represents C2H4F.

[0200] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula IV.

[0201]

Chemical formula

[0202] wherein R 41 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms (provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups are [Chemical] may be replaced by). Or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and R 42 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (both preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms), an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, particularly a vinyl group.

[0203] The compound of formula IV is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-1 to IV-4.

[0204] [Chemical]

[0205] wherein alkyl and alkyl’ each independently represent an alkyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 2 carbon atoms, alkenyl’ represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy represents an alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0206] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae IV-1-1 to IV-1-6.

[0207] [Chemical]

[0208] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds of formula IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0209]

Chem.

[0210] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention contains a compound of formula IV-3 selected particularly from compounds of the following sub-formulas.

[0211]

Chem.

[0212] In another embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds of formula IV-3 selected from compounds of the following sub-formulas.

[0213]

Chem.

[0214]

Chem.

[0215]

Chem.

[0216] Wherein alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or n-pentyl.

[0217] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention contains a compound of formula IV-4 selected particularly from compounds of the following sub-formulas.

[0218]

Chem.

[0219] In another embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula IV-4 and its sub-formulas (wherein in the group, one or both of "alkenyl" and "alkenyl'" are

Chemical formula

[0220] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of Formula IV-1 or its sub-formulas and / or one or more compounds of Formula IV-3 or its sub-formulas and / or one or more compounds of Formula IV-4 or its sub-formulas, provided that the concentration of these compounds of Formula IV-1 is within the range of 1% to 30%.

[0221] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably additionally comprises one or more compounds of Formula IVa.

[0222]

Chemical formula

[0223] wherein R 41 and R 42 each independently represent a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyloxy group having up to 12 carbon atoms,

Chemical formula

[0224] Preferred compounds of formula IVa are shown below.

[0225]

Chem.

[0226] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0227] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains at least one compound of formula IVa-1 and / or formula IVa-2.

[0228] The proportion of the compound of formula IVa in the whole mixture is preferably at least 5% by weight.

[0229] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3.

[0230]

Chem.

[0231] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0232] The proportion of the compounds of formula IV-1 to IV-3 in the whole mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, particularly 5% by weight or more.

[0233] Among the compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0234] Particularly preferred compounds of Formulas IV-1 to IV-3 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0235]

Chemical Formula

[0236] In the formula, alkyl * represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably represents n-propyl.

[0237] The LC medium according to the present invention particularly preferably contains one or more compounds of Formula IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3.

[0238] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds of Formula V.

[0239]

Chemical Formula

[0240] In the formula, R 51 and R 52 each independently represent H, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms, which group is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with F, Cl, CN or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these groups are such that O atoms are not directly linked to each other, -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-,

Chemical Formula

[0241] The compound of formula V is preferably selected from the compounds of formulas V-1 to V-17.

[0242] [Chemical formula]

[0243] [Chemical formula]

[0244] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 have the meanings shown above for R 51 and R 52 .

[0245] R 1 and R 2 each independently represent linear alkyl or alkenyl.

[0246] Preferred media include one or more compounds of formulae V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15 and / or V-16.

[0247] The LC media according to the invention very particularly preferably contain a compound of formula V-10 and / or IV-1, in particular in an amount of 5 to 30%.

[0248] Preferred compounds of formula V-10 are shown below.

[0249]

Chemical formula

[0250] The LC media according to the invention particularly preferably contain a tricyclic compound of formula V-10a and / or formula V-10b, in combination with one or more bicyclohexyl compounds of formula IV-1. The total proportion of the compounds of formula V-10a and / or V-10b, in combination with one or more compounds selected from the bicyclohexyl compounds of formula IV-1, is 5 to 40%, very particularly preferably 15 to 35%.

[0251] Particularly preferred LC media contain compounds V-10a and IV-1-1.

[0252]

Chemical formula

[0253] Compounds V-10a and IV-1-1 are preferably present in the mixture at a concentration of 5 to 35%, very preferably 10 to 25%, based on the total mixture.

[0254] Preferred LC media contain at least one compound selected from the group of the following compounds.

[0255]

Chemical formula

[0256] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 and R 41 and R 42 have the meanings shown above. Preferably, in Compounds V-6, V-7 and IV, R 1 and R 41 each represent an alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 42 represent an alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, in Compound V-14, R 1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0257] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains one or more compounds of Formula V-7 selected from the compounds of Formulae V-7a to V-7e.

[0258]

Chemical formula

[0259] In the formula, alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl represents a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylalkyl, cyclobutylalkyl or cyclopentylalkyl.

[0260] Very preferred compounds of Formulae V-7a to V-7e are selected from the compounds of the following sub-formulae.

[0261]

Chemical formula

[0262] [Chemistry]

[0263] [Chemistry]

[0264] [Chemistry]

[0265] In the formula, alkyl represents ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, preferably n-propyl.

[0266] R 51 and R 52 independently of one another, represent a linear alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or an alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and a compound of formula V is more preferred.

[0267] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium additionally contains one or more compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-25.

[0268] [Chemistry]

[0269] [Chemistry]

[0270] [Chemistry]

[0271] In the formula, R represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents O or a single bond, X represents F, Cl, OCF3 or OCHF2, and L xrepresents H or F, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0272] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy.

[0273] X preferably represents F or OCH3, and very preferably represents F.

[0274] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains terphenyls of formulas VI-1 to VI-25 in an amount of 2 to 30% by weight, particularly 5 to 20% by weight.

[0275] Compounds of formulas VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, VI-20, VI-21 and VI-22 in which X represents F are particularly preferred. In these compounds, R preferably represents alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, and further alkoxy. In the compound of formula VI-20, R preferably represents alkyl or alkenyl, particularly alkyl. In the compound of formula VI-21, R preferably represents alkyl. In the compounds of formulas VI-22 to VI-25, X preferably represents F.

[0276] When the value of Δn of the mixture is 0.1 or more, terphenyls of formulas VI-1 to VI-25 are preferably employed in the LC medium according to the present invention. A preferred LC medium contains 2 to 20% by weight of one or more terphenyl compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-25.

[0277] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium additionally contains one or more compounds of formulas VII-1 to VII-9.

[0278]

Chemical formula

[0279] In the formula, R 1each independently has one of the meanings shown for R in formula IIA 21 and w and x each independently represent an integer from 1 to 6

[0280] An LC medium containing at least one compound of formula VII-9 is particularly preferred

[0281] For example, an LC medium containing one or more substances containing tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units such as compounds of formulas N-1 to N-5

[0282]

Chemical formula

[0283] wherein R 61 and R 62 each independently have the meaning shown for R 21 and preferably represent a linear alkyl, linear alkoxy or linear alkenyl Z 61 and Z 62 each independently represent -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2- or a single bond

[0284] c) An LC medium containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of difluorodibenzochroman compounds of formula BC, chromans of formula CR, and fluorinated phenanthrenes of formulas PH-1 and PH-2

[0285]

Chemical formula

[0286] wherein R 71 and R72 each independently has the meaning of R 21 where c is 0, 1 or 2. R 71 and R 2 preferably each independently represents an alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0287] The LC medium according to the invention preferably contains compounds of the formulas BC, CR, PH-1, PH-2 in an amount of 3 to 20% by weight, in particular in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight.

[0288] Particularly preferred compounds of the formulas BC and CR are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5.

[0289]

Chemical formula

[0290]

Chemical formula

[0291] wherein alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0292] An LC medium containing one, two or three compounds of the formulas BC-2, BF-1 and / or BF-2 is highly particularly preferred.

[0293] d) an LC medium containing one or more indane compounds of the formula In.

[0294]

Chemical formula

[0295] wherein R 81 、R 82 、R 83 each independently represents a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 82 and R 83 may also represent a halogen, preferably F,

Chemical formula

[0296] Preferred compounds of formula In are the compounds of formulae In-1 to In-16 shown below.

[0297]

Chemical formula

[0298]

Chemical formula

[0299]

Chemical formula

[0300] Compounds of formulae In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4 are particularly preferred.

[0301] Compounds of formula In and sub-formulae In-1 to In-16 are preferably employed in the LC medium according to the present invention at a concentration of 5% by weight or more, particularly 5 to 30% by weight, very particularly preferably 5 to 25% by weight.

[0302] e) an LC medium containing one or more compounds of formulae L-1 to L-8.

[0303]

Chemical formula

[0304] In the formula, R L1 and R L2 each independently have the meaning shown for R in Formula IIA above, alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and s represents 1 or 2. 21 21

[0305] The compounds of Formulas L1 to L8 are preferably used at a concentration of 5 to 15% by weight, particularly 5 to 12% by weight, and very particularly preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

[0306] f) Preferred LC media additionally contain one or more compounds of Formula IIA-Y.

[0307]

Chemical formula

[0308] In the formula, R 11 and R 12 have one of the meanings given for R in Formula IIA above, and L 21 and L 1 and L 2 are the same or different and represent F or Cl.

[0309] Preferred compounds of Formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0310]

Chemical formula

[0311]

Chemical formula

[0312] In the formula, Alkyl and Alkyl *represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, each independent of one another, Alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl * preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0313] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0314]

Chemical formula

[0315] In the formula, Alkoxy and Alkoxy * have the meanings defined above and preferably represent methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy or n-pentyloxy.

[0316] g) An LC medium containing one or more quarterphenyl compounds selected from the following formulas.

[0317]

Chemical formula

[0318] In the formula,[[]]END]] R Q is alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, all of which groups may be fluorinated,[[]]END]] X Qis a halogenated alkyl, alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, F, Cl or a halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 6 C atoms, where L Q1 ~L Q6 are each independently of one another H or F, provided that L Q1 ~L Q6 at least one of is F.

[0319] Preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which R Q is a straight-chain alkyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0320] Preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which L Q3 and L Q4 are F.

[0321] Even more preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which one or two of L Q3 L Q4 as well as L Q1 and L Q2 are F.

[0322] Preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which X Q is F or OCF3, very preferably F.

[0323] Compounds of formula Q are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0324]

Chemical formula

[0325] In the formula, R Q has one of the meanings of formula Q or one of its preferred meanings given above and below, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0326] Particularly preferred are compounds of formula Q1 in which R Q is n-propyl.

[0327] Preferably, the proportion of the compound of formula Q in the LC medium is more than 0 to 5% by weight or less, very preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight.

[0328] Preferably, the LC medium contains 1 to 5 types, preferably 1 or 2 types of the compound of formula Q.

[0329] By adding the quarterphenyl compound of formula Q to the LC mixture of the polymerizable LC medium, while reducing the ODF unevenness, a high UV absorption rate can be maintained, enabling rapid and complete polymerization, enabling strong and rapid tilt angle generation, and enhancing the UV stability of the LC medium.

[0330] In addition, by adding a compound of formula Q having a positive dielectric anisotropy to an LC medium having a negative dielectric anisotropy, the values of dielectric constant ε ∥ and ε ⊥ can be better controlled. In particular, while keeping the dielectric anisotropy Δη constant, a high value of the dielectric constant ε ∥ can be achieved, thereby reducing the kickback voltage and reducing image sticking.

[0331] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably

[0332] · one or more compounds of formula L1 or its sub-formulas, preferably selected from sub-formulas L1-1 to L1-3, very preferably from sub-formula L1-2, preferably in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight,

[0333] and / or · one or more compounds of formula L2 or its sub-formulas, preferably selected from sub-formulas L2-1 to L2-3, very preferably from sub-formula L2-1, preferably in a total concentration within the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight,

[0334] and / or ·One or more compounds of Formula IV, preferably at a total concentration within the range of 10% to 60%, more preferably 15% to 55%, particularly preferably 20% to 40%,

[0335] and / or ·One or more compounds of Formula III, preferably Formula III-2, very preferably Formula III-2-1, preferably at a total concentration within the range of 2% to 25%, very preferably 4% to 15%,

[0336] and / or ·One or more compounds of Formula III-3-2, preferably Formula III-3-2-3 or III-3-2-4, preferably at a total concentration within the range of 2% to 25%, very preferably 4% to 15%,

[0337] and / or ·One or more compounds of Formula III-10, preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of Sub-formulas III-10-1 to III-10-11, preferably at a total concentration within the range of 2% to 25%, very preferably 4% to 15%,

[0338] and / or ·One or more compounds of Formula IID-1 and / or IID-4, at a total concentration within the range of 0.5% to 15%, very preferably 0.5% to 8%,

[0339] and / or ·One or more compounds selected from Formula IID-1, IID-15, IID-17, IID-18, IID-19, IID-20, IID-21, IID-22 and IID-23, very preferably selected from Formula IID-1, IID-21, IID-22 and IID-23, at a total concentration within the range of 0.5% to 15%, very preferably 0.5% to 8% comprising.

[0340] In particular, the LC medium is

[0341] ·One or more compounds CY-n-Om, particularly CY-3-O4, CY-5-O4 and / or CY-3-O2, in a total concentration preferably in the range of 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20% based on the whole mixture,

[0342] ·One or more compounds PY-n-Om, particularly PY-1-O2, PY-2-O2 and / or PY-3-O2, in a total concentration preferably in the range of 5% to 40%, preferably 10% to 30% based on the whole mixture,

[0343] and / or ·One or more compounds CPY-n-Om, particularly CPY-2-O2, CPY-3-O2 and / or CPY-5-O2, in a concentration preferably exceeding 5%, particularly in the range of 7% to 20% based on the whole mixture,

[0344] and / or ·One or more compounds CCY-n-Om, particularly CCY-4-O2, CCY-3-O2, CCY-3-O3, CCY-3-O1 and / or CCY-5-O2, in a concentration preferably exceeding 3%, particularly in the range of 5 to 15% based on the whole mixture,

[0345] and / or ·One or more compounds CPY-n-Om and CY-n-Om, in a concentration preferably in the range of 10 to 80% based on the whole mixture,

[0346] and / or ·One or more compounds CPY-n-Om and PY-n-Om, preferably CPY-2-O2 and / or CPY-3-O2 and PY-3-O2 or PY-1-O2, in a concentration preferably in the range of 5 to 20%, more preferably 10 to 15% based on the whole mixture,

[0347] and / or ·One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CCH-13, CCH-23, CCH-34, CCH-35, CCH-301 and CCH-303 (one or more types), based on the whole mixture, preferably at a total concentration of 3 to 40%, preferably 3 to 25%,

[0348] and / or ·One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CC-2-V1, CC-3-V1, CC-3-V2, CC-4-V1, CC-3-2V1, CC-3-V, CC-4-V, CC-5-V, CC-V-V, CC-V-V1, CC-1V-V1 and CC-2V-V2, based on the whole mixture, preferably at a total concentration of 3 to 60%, more preferably 3% to 40%, very preferably 5% to 30%,

[0349] and / or ·One or more compounds of CC-3-V, based on the whole mixture, preferably at a total concentration of 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, very preferably 20% to 60%, most preferably 20% to 40%,

[0350] and / or ·One or more compounds (one or more types) selected from the group consisting of CCP-n-m and / or CCP-Vn-m and / or CPP-n-m, preferably CCP-3-1, CCP-V-1, CCP-V2-1 and CPP-3-2, based on the whole mixture, preferably at a total concentration of 4 to 35%, preferably 5 to 25%,

[0351] and / or ·One or more compounds (one or more types) selected from the group consisting of CLP-n-m and / or CLP-Vn-m, preferably CLP-3-1, CLP-3-2 and CLP-V-1, based on the whole mixture, preferably at a total concentration of 1 to 25%, preferably 2 to 15%,

[0352] and / or ·One or more compounds PGP-n-m selected preferably from the group consisting of PGP-2-3, PGP-2-4, PGP-2-5, PGP-3-5, in a total concentration, based on the whole mixture, of preferably 2 to 20%, more preferably 2% to 15%, most preferably 2 to 10%,

[0353] and / or ·One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of PYP-n-m, PGIY-n-Om and PGP-n-2V, preferably selected from the group consisting of PGP-1-2V, PGP-2-2V and PGP-3-2V, in a total concentration, based on the whole mixture, of preferably 2 to 20%, more preferably 2% to 15%, most preferably 2 to 10%,

[0354] and / or ·One or more compounds (one or more) selected preferably from the group consisting of PP-n-m and / or PP-n-nVm, preferably consisting of PP-1-3, PP-1-4, PP-1-5, PP-1-2V and PP-1-2V1, in a total concentration, based on the whole mixture, of preferably 1 to 15%, preferably 2 to 10%,

[0355] and / or ·Compound CCG-V-F, in a concentration, based on the whole mixture, of preferably 0.5% to 10%,

[0356] and / or ·Compound PPGU-3-F, in a concentration, based on the whole mixture, of preferably 0.1% to 3% is included.

[0357] The liquid crystal medium according to the invention preferably advantageously has a nematic phase at -20°C or lower to 70°C or higher, particularly preferably at -30°C or lower to 80°C or higher, very particularly preferably at -40°C or lower to 90°C or higher.

[0358] The LC medium according to the invention preferably has a clearing temperature of 70°C or higher, preferably 74°C or higher.

[0359] In this specification, the expression "having a nematic phase" means, on the one hand, that neither a smectic phase nor crystallization is observed at low temperatures corresponding to the temperature, and on the other hand, that no transparency occurs upon heating from the nematic phase. The examination at low temperatures is carried out with a rheometer at the corresponding temperature and confirmed by storing in a test cell having a layer thickness corresponding to electro-optical applications for at least 100 hours. When the storage stability at a temperature of -20 °C of the corresponding test cell is 1000 hours or more, the LC medium is considered to be stable at this temperature. At temperatures of -30 °C and -40 °C, the corresponding times are 500 hours and 250 hours respectively. At high temperatures, the clearing point is measured by a conventional method in a capillary.

[0360] The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60 K and a maximum kinematic viscosity ν of 30 mm 2 ·s -1 at 20 °C. 20

[0361] The mixture is nematic at temperatures of -20 °C or lower, preferably -30 °C or lower, very preferably -40 °C or lower.

[0362] The value Δn of the birefringence of the liquid crystal mixture is generally between 0.08 and 0.17, preferably between 0.09 and 0.165, very preferably between 0.10 and 0.16. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium has a birefringence within the range of 0.11 to 0.155.

[0363] The liquid crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of -1.5 to -8.0, preferably -2.0 to -5.0, in particular -2.5 to -4.8.

[0364] ​The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20 °C is preferably 200 mPa·s or less, more preferably 180 mPa·s or less, very preferably 125 mPa·s or less, and most preferably 115 mPa·s or less. In another preferred embodiment, the rotational viscosity γ1 at 20 °C is 110 mPa·s or less, particularly 105 mPa·s or less.

[0365] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a relatively low value of the threshold voltage (V0). They are preferably in the range of 1.7 V to 3.0 V, particularly preferably 2.7 V or less, and very particularly preferably 2.5 V or less.

[0366] In the case of the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" relates to the capacitance threshold (V0), also called the Frederiks threshold, unless otherwise specified.

[0367] In addition, the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a high value for the voltage holding ratio in a liquid crystal cell.

[0368] Generally, a liquid crystal medium having a low addressing voltage or threshold voltage shows a lower voltage holding ratio than one having a high addressing voltage or threshold voltage, and vice versa.

[0369] In the present invention, the term "dielectrically positive compound" represents a compound with Δε > 1.5, the term "dielectrically neutral compound" represents those with -1.5 ≤ Δε ≤ 1.5, and the term "dielectrically negative compound" represents those with Δε < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compound is determined in this specification by dissolving 10% of the compound in the liquid crystal host and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture in at least one test cell having a layer thickness of 20 μm and homeotropic and homogeneous surface orientations at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but always lower than the capacitance threshold of each liquid crystal mixture under consideration.

[0370] All temperature values shown for the present invention are in °C.

[0371] The LC media according to the present invention are suitable for all VA-TFT (vertical alignment-thin film transistor) applications such as, for example, VAN (vertically aligned nematic), MVA (multidomain VA), (S)-PVA (super patterned VA), ASV (advanced super view or axially symmetric VA), PSA (polymer sustained VA) and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are further suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications having a negative Δε.

[0372] The nematic LC media in the displays according to the present invention generally comprise two components A and B which themselves consist of one or more individual compounds.

[0373] Component A has a significantly negative dielectric anisotropy, giving a dielectric anisotropy of -0.5 or less in the nematic phase. It preferably comprises one or more compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, and further one or more compounds of formula III.

[0374] The proportion of component A is preferably between 45 and 100%, in particular between 60 and 85%.

[0375] For component A, one (or more) individual compound having a Δε value of -1.5 or less is preferably selected. This value has to be more negative the smaller the proportion of component A in the whole mixture.

[0376] Component B has a pronounced nematogenicity and, at 20 °C, 30 mm 2 ·s -1 or less, preferably 25 mm2 ·s -1 It has the following kinematic viscosity.

[0377] A number of suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art from the literature. Compounds of formula IV are particularly preferred.

[0378] Particularly preferred individual compounds in component B have a kinematic viscosity of 18 mm 2 ·s -1 at 20 °C, preferably 12 mm 2 ·s -1 or less, and are very low viscosity nematic liquid crystals having the following kinematic viscosity.

[0379] Component B is uniaxially or enantiotropically nematic, has no smectic phase, and can prevent the generation of a smectic phase down to very low temperatures in the LC medium. For example, when various highly nematogenic materials are added to a smectic liquid crystal mixture, the nematogenicity of these materials can be compared through the degree of suppression of the smectic phase achieved.

[0380] The mixture may also contain component C, which includes compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of Δε ≥ 1.5. These so-called positive compounds are generally present in a mixture having a negative dielectric anisotropy in an amount of 20% by weight or less, based on the total mixture.

[0381] In addition to the polymerizable compounds and compounds of formula L1 and / or L2, the LC medium preferably contains 4 to 15, particularly 5 to 12, and particularly preferably less than 10 compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, and / or IID and one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0382] In addition to the polymerizable compounds, compounds of formula L1 and / or L2, and compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, and / or IID and IV, other components may also be present, for example, in an amount of up to 45%, preferably up to 35%, and particularly up to 10% of the total mixture.

[0383] The other components are preferably selected from azoxybenzenes, benzylideneanilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenyl or cyclohexyl benzoates, phenyl or cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylates, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylnaphthalenes, 1,4-biscyclohexylbiphenyls or cyclohexylpyrimidines, phenyl or cyclohexyl dioxanes, optionally halogenated stilbenes, benzyl phenyl ethers, nematic or nematogenic substances from the class of trans and substituted cinnamic acid esters, in particular from known substances.

[0384] The most important compounds suitable as components of this type of liquid crystal phase can be characterized by the formula R.

[0385] [Chemical formula]

[0386] In the formula, L and E each represent a carbocyclic or heterocyclic system from the group formed by 1,4-disubstituted benzene and cyclohexane rings, 4,4'-disubstituted biphenyls, phenylcyclohexanes and cyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidines and 1,3-dioxane rings, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalenes, di- and tetrahydronaphthalenes, quinazolines and tetrahydroquinazolines, G represents -CH=CH-, -N(O)=N-, -CH=CQ-, -CH=N(O)-, -C≡C-, -CH2-CH2-, -CO-O-, -CH2-O-, -CO-S-, -CH2-S-, -CH=N-, -COO-Phe-COO-, -CF2O-, -CF=CF-, -OCF2-, -OCH2-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, or represents a C-C single bond, Q represents a halogen, preferably chlorine, or represents -CN, and R R1 and R R2Each represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 18 carbon atoms, preferably up to 8 carbon atoms, or one of these groups represents CN, NC, NO2, NCS, CF3, SF5, OCF3, F, Cl, or Br.

[0387] In most of these compounds, R R1 and R R2 are different from each other, and one of these groups is usually an alkyl or alkoxy group. Other variants of the proposed substituents are also common. Many such substances or mixtures thereof are commercially available. All of these substances can be prepared by methods known from the literature.

[0388] It goes without saying for those skilled in the art that the VA, IPS or FFS mixtures according to the present invention may also include compounds in which H, N, O, Cl and F are replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

[0389] The LC medium preferably has a nematic LC phase.

[0390] The LC medium further preferably contains two or more polymerizable compounds selected from polymerizable mesogenic compounds, also known as "reactive mesogens" or RM (reactive mesogen), very preferably of the formula M as described above.

[0391] In the polymerizable compound, the polymerizable group P is a group suitable for a polymerization reaction such as free radical or ionic chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation, or a polymer-analogous reaction such as addition or condensation onto the polymer backbone. Groups for chain polymerization, particularly those containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization such as oxetane or epoxide groups are particularly preferred.

[0392] Preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [Chemical formula] CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-、CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-、CH3-CH=CH-O-、(CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-、(CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-、(CH2=CH)2CH-O-、(CH2=CH-CH2)2N-、(CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-、HO-CW 2 W 3 -、HS-CW 2 W 3 -、HW 2 N-、HO-CW 2 W 3 -NH-、CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-、CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -、CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -、Phe-CH=CH-、HOOC-、OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 selected from the group consisting of Si-, wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular, H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another represents H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular, H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, and W 4 W 5 and W 6 each independently of one another represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxocarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, and W 7 and W 8Each independently represents H, Cl, or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with one or more groups L as defined above other than P-Sp-; k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0393] A highly preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-

Chemical formula

[0394] A very particularly preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, in particular, CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, further, CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-

Chemical formula

[0395] A more preferred polymerizable group P is selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide groups, most preferably acrylate and methacrylate.

[0396] Very preferably, all polymerizable groups in the polymerizable compound have the same meaning.

[0397] When the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp”-X” such that each group P-Sp- corresponds to the formula R-Sp”-X”- provided that

[0398] Sp” represents a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12 C atoms, which group may be mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I or CN, provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R0 )-, -Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 )-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- may be replaced, X” is, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -, -CY 2 =CY 3 -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond, R 0 and R 00 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, Y 2 and Y 3 each independently represent H, F, Cl or CN.

[0399] X” is preferably, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 00 - or a single bond.

[0400] Typical spacer groups Sp and -Sp”-X”- are, for example, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2)p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR 0 R 00 -O) p1 - wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, R 0 and R 00 has the meaning shown above.

[0401] Particularly preferred spacer groups Sp and -Sp”-X”- are -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O- provided that p1 and q1 have the meaning shown above.

[0402] Particularly preferred groups Sp” are linear in each case and are ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methylenoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

[0403] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymerizable compound contains a spacer group Sp (branched polymerizable group) substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P such that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp(P) s (where s is 2 or more).

[0404] Preferred polymerizable compounds according to this preferred embodiment are those in which s is 2, i.e., compounds containing the group Sp(P)2. Very preferred polymerizable compounds according to this preferred embodiment contain a group selected from the following formulas.

[0405]

Chem.

[0406] In the formula, P is as defined by formula M, alkyl represents a single bond or a straight-chain or branched alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms, which group is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl or CN, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently of the others such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, -C(R 0 )=C(R 0 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- may be replaced, provided that R 0 has the meaning shown above, aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, X has one of the meanings shown for X”, and preferably is O, CO, SO2, O-CO-, CO-O or a single bond.

[0407] Preferred spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from formulas S1, S2 and S3.

[0408] Highly preferred spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0409]

Chem.

[0410] In the compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably acrylate and methacrylate.

[0411] More preferably, all the polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning, very preferably represent acrylate or methacrylate, and most preferably represent methacrylate.

[0412] Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 represents, provided that p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3, and p2 and p3 are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 in the case of, the O atom or the CO group is each linked to the benzene ring.

[0413] More preferably, at least one group Sp is a single bond.

[0414] More preferably, at least one group Sp is different from a single bond and is preferably -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 selected from, provided that p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3, and p2 and p3 are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 in the case of, the O atom or the CO group is each linked to the benzene ring.

[0415] Very preferably, Sp is different from a single bond and is selected from (CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, provided that the O atom or the CO group is linked to the benzene ring.

[0416] Preferred compounds of formula M are B 1 and B 2 which, in each case independently of one another, are 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, anthracene-2,7-diyl, fluorene-2,7-diyl, coumarin, flavone (provided that in addition, one or more CH groups in these groups may be replaced by N), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (provided that in addition one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by O and / or S), 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, indane-2,5-diyl or octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl, selected from the group consisting of, provided that all these groups are unsubstituted or may be mono- or polysubstituted by L as defined above.

[0417] Particularly preferred compounds of formula M are B 1 and B 2 which, in each case independently of one another, represent 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl.

[0418] Even more preferred compounds of formula M are the group -B 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m - is selected from the following formulae.

[0419] [Chemical formula]

[0420] In the formula, at least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one group L, and the benzene ring may be further substituted with one or more groups L or P-Sp-.

[0421] Preferred compounds of formula M and its sub-formulas are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof.

[0422] · All groups P in the compound have the same meaning.

[0423] · -B 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m - is selected from formulas A1, A2 and A5.

[0424] · The compound contains exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by group P).

[0425] · The compound contains exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by group P).

[0426] · P is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate and oxetane, and very preferably acrylate or methacrylate.

[0427] · P is methacrylate.

[0428] · All groups Sp are single bonds.

[0429] · At least one group Sp is a single bond, and at least one group Sp is different from a single bond.

[0430] · When Sp is different from a single bond, -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2-O-CO-, provided that p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or the CO group is connected to the benzene ring respectively.

[0431] ·Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, provided that p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or the CO group is connected to the benzene ring respectively.

[0432] ·R represents P-Sp-.

[0433] ·R does not represent or contain a polymerizable group.

[0434] ·R does not represent or contain a polymerizable group, and represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are not directly connected by O and / or S atoms respectively, and may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, provided that one or more H atoms are each replaced by F, Cl or L a and may be replaced by.

[0435] ·L or L’ represents F, Cl or CN.

[0436] ·L is F.

[0437] Very preferred compounds of formula M are selected from the following formulas.

[0438]

Chemical formula

[0439]

Chemical formula

[0440] [Chemistry]

[0441] [Chemistry]

[0442] [Chemistry]

[0443] [Chemistry]

[0444] In the formula, each group, in each occurrence, is the same or different and each independently has the following meaning. P 1 , P 2 , P 3 is a polymerizable group, preferably selected from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy, very preferably selected from acrylate or methacrylate, Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Sp 3 is a single bond or a spacer group, provided that in addition one or more groups P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 - may represent R M , provided that at least one of the groups P 1 -Sp 1 , P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 - is different from R M , preferably having one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, very preferably -(CH2) p1-, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O- or -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O- means, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, R M is H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that in addition one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups, in each case independently of one another, are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other to form -C(R 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- may be replaced, provided that in addition one or more H atoms are F, Cl, CN or P 1 -Sp 1 - may be replaced. ), particularly preferably an alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms which may be linear or branched and mono- or poly-fluorinated (provided that alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms and branched groups have at least 3 C atoms). ), provided that R aa is not or does not contain the group P 1 , P 2 or P 3 , R 0 , R 00 are H or an alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R y and R z are H, F, CH3 or CF3, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 are -CO-O-, -O-CO- or a single bond, Z M1 is -O-, -CO-, -C(R y R z )- or -CF2CF2-, Z M2 , ZM3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2- or -(CH2) n -, provided that n is 2, 3 or 4, L is F, Cl, CN or an alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms which may be linear or branched and may be mono- or polyfluorinated, L’, L” are H, F or Cl, k is 0 or 1, r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 0, 1, 2 or 3, t is 0, 1 or 2, x is 0 or 1.

[0445] Compounds of formulas M2, M13 and M32, in particular bireactive compounds containing only two polymerizable groups P 1 and P 2 are highly preferred.

[0446] Compounds selected from formulas M17 - M31, in particular from formulas M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31, in particular trireactive compounds containing only three polymerizable groups P 1 , P 2 and P 3 are even more preferred.

[0447] In the compounds of formulas M1 - M32,

Chemical formula

[0448] wherein L has one of the meanings shown above and below, which may be the same or different in each occurrence, preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF 3、 Most preferably, it is F, SCH3 or OCH3.

[0449] Preferred compounds of formulas M1 to M32 are those in which P 1 , P 2 and P 3 represent acrylate, methacrylate, oxetane or epoxy groups, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate groups, and most preferably methacrylate groups.

[0450] More preferred compounds of formulas M1 to M32 are those in which Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 are single bonds.

[0451] More preferred compounds of formulas M1 to M32 are those in which one of Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 represents a single bond, and the other one of Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 is different from a single bond.

[0452] More preferred compounds of formulas M1 to M32 are those in which groups Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 different from a single bond are -(CH2) s1It represents "-X”", where s1 is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5, X” is a linkage to an adjacent benzene ring, and is -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O- or a single bond.

[0453] More preferred polymerizable compounds are selected from Table E below, particularly those of the formulas RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183.

[0454] An LC medium containing two or more polymerizable compounds of formula M is particularly preferred.

[0455] More preferably, an LC medium containing two or more di-reactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from formulas M1 to M16 and M32, and very preferably selected from formulas M2, M13 and M32.

[0456] More preferably, an LC medium containing one or more di-reactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from formulas M1 to M16 and M32, and very preferably selected from formulas M2, M13 and M32, and one or more tri-reactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from formulas M17 to M32, and very preferably selected from formulas M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31.

[0457] An LC medium containing at least one polymerizable compound selected from formula M in which at least one of r is non-zero or at least one of s and t is non-zero, very preferably from the preferred groups shown above, most preferably selected from F, OCH3 and SCH3, and more preferably selected from formula M2, M13, M22, M24, M27, M29, M31 and M32 is even more preferred.

[0458] An LC medium containing at least one polymerizable compound selected preferably from formula M, very preferably from formula M1 - M32, and showing absorption in the wavelength range of 320 - 380 nm is even more preferred.

[0459] An LC medium containing two or more polymerizable compounds selected from formula M or formula M1 - M32, very preferably two or three kinds, is particularly preferred.

[0460] By combining the compounds of the preferred embodiments described above with the polymer compounds described above and below, it always brings high clearing points and high HR values, while at the same time providing low threshold voltages, low rotational viscosities and very excellent low-temperature stabilities in the LC medium according to the present invention, and it is possible to quickly establish a particularly low tilt angle (i.e., large tilt) in the PSA display. In particular, the LC medium also shows a significantly shortened response time, especially the halftone response time, in the PSA display compared with the LC media according to the prior art.

[0461] For use in a PSA display, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formula M or M1 - M32 in the LC medium is preferably 0.01 - 2.0%, very preferably 0.1 - 1.0%, most preferably 0.2 - 0.8%.

[0462] For use in an SA - VA display, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formula M or M1 - M32 in the LC medium is preferably more than 0 and less than 3%, very preferably more than 0 and less than 2%, more preferably 0.05 - 2.0, most preferably 0.05 - 1.0%.

[0463] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains two or more polymerizable compounds of formula M selected from formulas IA, IB, and IC.

[0464]

Chemical formula

[0465] In the formula, each group is the same or different in each occurrence and independently of one another has the following meanings: P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group which may be substituted with L a or a single bond, M 1 、M 2 、M 3 are each independently a group selected from the following formulas:

Chemical formula

[0466] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas contain a spacer group Sp substituted by one or more, preferably one, group L a and is provided that in the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas, R

[0467] and R aa and R bb preferably represent a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms. More preferably, R aa and R bb each independently of one another represent methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl.

[0468] R aa and R bb together with the C atom to which they are attached form a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, very preferably a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group, and the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas as described above are more preferred.

[0469] Very preferably, the compounds of formula IA contain a group L a selected from the following formulas.

Chemical formula

[0470] In the formula, the asterisk represents the linkage to an adjacent group in the compound of formula I.

[0471] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas contain a spacer group Sp which is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms substituted with one or more groups L a The preferred compounds of formula IA according to this preferred embodiment contain a group P-Sp- selected from the following formulas.

[0472]

Chemical formula

[0473] In the formula, P and L a are as defined in formula I or have one of the meanings given above and below, and cc is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3.

[0474] The preferred compounds of formula I contain one or more groups P-Sp- selected from formula SL1, SL2 and SL3, very preferably formula SL1.

[0475] Preferably in the compounds of formula IA, M 1 is selected from formula 1 or 2.

[0476] The preferred compounds of formula IA are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0477]

Chemical formula

[0478]

Chemical formula

[0479]

Chemical formula

[0480] In the formula, P, Sp and L have one of the meanings given by formula IA, or a preferred meaning as given above and below, r1, r2, r3 are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, r4 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that the compound has at least one group Sp and / or L a which is at least monosubstituted by L a and contains at least one group L representing

[0481] Very preferred compounds of sub-formulas IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which all groups P are identical and represent acrylate or methacrylate, preferably methacrylate.

[0482] More preferred compounds of sub-formulas IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which at least one group Sp represents a single bond.

[0483] More preferred compounds of sub-formulas IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which one group Sp is selected from formulas SL1 to SL4, very preferably from formula SL1, and the other group Sp represents a single bond or, if different from a single bond, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO- or -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 6, and the O- or CO-group is attached to the benzene ring, very preferably the other group Sp represents a single bond.

[0484] More preferred compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof: · All groups P in the compound have the same meaning, · M a is formula 1 or 2, very preferably formula 1, · The compound contains only two polymerizable groups (represented by group P). · The compound contains only three polymerizable groups (represented by group P). · P is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate and oxetane, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate. · The compound is substituted with L a and preferably contains at least one, preferably only one group Sp selected from formulas SL1 to SL4, very preferably from formulas SL1, SL2 and SL3. · When Sp is different from a single bond, -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, where p2 in the formula is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group is each connected to the benzene ring. · Sp’ is selected from formula SL1. · L represents F, Cl, CH3, C2H5, OCH3 or OC2H5, very preferably F. · L’ represents F, Cl, CH3, C2H5, OCH3 or OC2H5, very preferably F. · L a represents -C(CH3)2-OH, -C(C2H5)2-OH or -C(CH3)(C2H5)OH, very preferably -C(CH3)2-OH. · r1, r2, r3 and r4 represent 0 or 1. · r1 + r2 is 0. · r1 + r2 is 1. · r3 is 0. · r4 is 0.

[0485] Very preferred compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas are selected from the following list.

[0486]

Chemical formula

[0487]

Chem.

[0488]

Chem.

[0489] In the formula, "Me" is methyl and "Et" is ethyl.

[0490] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IB having two polymerizable groups, preferably selected from formula IB-D.

[0491]

Chem.

[0492] In the formula, P and Sp have the meanings given by formula IB, L is different from P-Sp-, has one of the meanings given by formula IB, r1, r2 and r3 are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1, and k is 0 or 1.

[0493] Preferred compounds of formula IB-D are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0494]

Chem.

[0495] In the formula, P and Sp, L, r1, r2 and r3 each independently have one of the meanings given by formula IB-D or one of their preferred meanings given above and below.

[0496] Compounds of formula IB-D-1 are particularly preferred.

[0497] In the compound of formula IB-D, preferably, at least one of r1, r2 and r3 is not 0. P is preferably acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably methacrylate. Preferably, all groups P in formulas IB-D, IB-D-1 and IB-D-2 have the same meaning, and very preferably represent methacrylate. Sp” is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, wherein the O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5 and C2H5, and very preferably F.

[0498] Very preferred compounds of formula IB-D are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0499]

Chemical formula

[0500]

Chemical formula

[0501]

Chemical formula

[0502]

Chemical formula

[0503]

Chemical formula

[0504]

Chemical formula

[0505] Compounds of IBD1, IBD4, IBD6, IBD7, IBD19, IBD21 and IBD23 are highly preferred.

[0506] Compounds of IBD1 - IBD25 in which one or two methacrylate groups are replaced by acrylate groups are more preferred.

[0507] More preferred compounds of formula IB - D are selected from Table D below, very preferably selected from the group consisting of RM - 1, RM - 2, RM - 3, RM - 7~RM - 49 and RM - 58~RM - 77, very preferably selected from the group consisting of RM - 1, RM - 4, RM - 8, RM - 17, RM - 19, RM - 35, RM - 37, RM - 39, RM - 40, RM - 41, RM - 48, RM - 58, RM - 64, RM - 72 and RM - 74.

[0508] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more polymerizable compounds of formula IB having three polymerizable groups, preferably selected from formula IB - T.

[0509]

Chemical formula

[0510] Wherein P, Sp, L, r1, r2 and k each independently have one of the meanings given by formula IB - D or their preferred meanings given above and below, and r4 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1.

[0511] Preferred compounds of formula IB - T are selected from the following sub - formulas.

[0512]

Chemical formula

[0513] In the formula, P, Sp, L, r1, r2 and r4 each independently have one or more of the meanings given by formula IB-T and one of their preferred meanings given above and below. Preferably, at least one of r1, r2 and r4 is not 0. P is preferably acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably methacrylate. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5 and C2H5, very preferably OCH3 or F. Preferably, all groups P in formula IB-T and IB-T-1 to IB-T-6 have the same meaning, very preferably representing methacrylate.

[0514] Compounds of formula IB-T-1, IB-T-4 and IB-T-5 are particularly preferred.

[0515] Very preferred compounds of formula IB-T are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0516]

Chemical formula

[0517]

Chemical formula

[0518]

Chemical formula

[0519]

Chemical formula

[0520]

Chemical formula

[0521]

Chemical formula

[0522]

Chem.

[0523]

Chem.

[0524]

Chem.

[0525]

Chem.

[0526]

Chem.

[0527]

Chem.

[0528]

Chem.

[0529]

Chem.

[0530]

Chem.

[0531]

Chem.

[0532]

Chem.

[0533] [Chemical]

[0534] [Chemical]

[0535] [Chemical]

[0536] Among the compounds of formulas IBT1 to IBT21 having two benzene rings, the compounds of formulas IBT1, IBT2, IBT3, IBT8, IBT9, IBT10, IBT15, IBT16, and IBT17 are highly preferred. The compounds of formulas IBT1, IBT2, IBT3, IBT8, IBT9, and IBT10 are most preferred.

[0537] Among the compounds of formulas IBT22 to IBT53 having three benzene rings, the compounds of formulas IBT22 to IBT46 are highly preferred. The compounds of formulas IBT22, IBT28, IBT29, IBT35, and IBT36 are most preferred.

[0538] Compounds of formulas IBT1 to IBT53 in which one or two methacrylate groups are replaced by acrylate groups are more preferred.

[0539] Compounds of formulas IBT1 to IBT53 in which all methacrylate groups are replaced by acrylate groups are more preferred.

[0540] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises at least one compound of formula IC which is at least monosubstituted by an alkenyl group L b and preferably the compounds of formula IC of this preferred embodiment are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0541] [Chemistry]

[0542] [Chemistry]

[0543] Wherein P, Sp, L, r1, r2, r3 and r4 have one of the meanings given by Formulas IB-D and IB-T or the preferred meanings given above and below, r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 ≧ 1, and the compound contains at least one group L represented by L b .

[0544] In the compounds of Formulas IC-1 to IC-9, preferably L b represents -CH=CH2, -CH2-CH=CH2, -CH=CH-CH3, -CH=CH-CH=CH2 or -C(CH3)=CH2, very preferably -CH=CH2 or -C(CH3)=CH2.

[0545] In the compounds of Formulas IC-1 to IC-9, preferably P is acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably methacrylate. When Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, wherein the O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5 or C2H5, very preferably OCH3 or F. Preferably all groups P in Formulas IC-1 to IC-9 have the same meaning, very preferably representing methacrylate.

[0546] Very preferred compounds of Formulas IC-1 to IC-9 are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0547] [Chemistry]

[0548]

Chem.

[0549]

Chem.

[0550]

Chem.

[0551]

Chem.

[0552]

Chem.

[0553]

Chem.

[0554]

Chem.

[0555] Compounds of Formulas IC1 to IC46 in which one, two or all of the methacrylate groups are replaced by acrylate groups are more preferred.

[0556] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains at least one polymerizable compound of formula IA and / or formula IB and / or formula IC having absorption in the range of 330 to 390 nm. Very preferably, these compounds have an extinction coefficient of at least 0.5 at wavelengths in the range of 330 to 390 nm, more preferably in the range of 340 to 380 nm, very preferably in the range of 350 to 370 nm, and most preferably in the range of 355 to 365 nm. Unless otherwise specified, the extinction coefficient and absorption wavelength are measured in a solution with a compound concentration of 3 g / L in DCM.

[0557] The total proportion of the polymerizable compounds of formula IA, IB, IC and their sub-formulas in the LC medium according to the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 3.0%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5%, and very preferably 0.1 to 0.9%.

[0558] In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or its sub-formula and one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IB or IC and their sub-formulas, and preferably does not contain further polymerizable compounds.

[0559] Preferably, in the LC medium of this first preferred embodiment, the proportion of the compound(s) of formula IA or its sub-formula is 0.01 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8%, very preferably 0.1 to 0.6%, and the proportion of the compound(s) of formula IB or IC or their sub-formula is 0.01 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.8%, and very preferably 0.05 to 0.5%.

[0560] In a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or its sub-formula, one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IB or its sub-formula, and one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IC or its sub-formula, and preferably does not contain further polymerizable compounds.

[0561] More preferably, the LC medium of this second preferred embodiment contains one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or its sub-formula (one or more), one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IB-D or IB-T or their sub-formulas (one or more), and one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) selected from formulas IC-1 to IC-9 or their sub-formulas (one or more), and preferably does not contain any further polymerizable compounds.

[0562] Preferably, in the LC medium of this second preferred embodiment, the proportion of the compound(s) of formula IA or its sub-formula (one or more) is 0.01 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8%, very preferably 0.1 to 0.6%; the total proportion of the compound(s) of formula IB-D and IB-T or their sub-formulas (one or more) is 0.01 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8%, very preferably 0.1 to 0.6%; and the total proportion of the compound(s) of formulas IC-1 to IC-9 or their sub-formulas (one or more) is 0.01 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.8%, very preferably 0.05 to 0.5%.

[0563] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains at least one further polymerizable compound in addition to the polymerizable compounds of formulas IA, IB, IC and their sub-formulas.

[0564] The compounds of formula M and its sub-formulas are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared, for example, analogously to the processes described in standard books on organic chemistry such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.

[0565] For example, an acrylate or methacrylate can be prepared by esterifying the corresponding alcohol with an acid derivative such as (meth)acryloyl chloride or (meth)acrylic anhydride in the presence of a base such as pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). Alternatively, the ester can also be prepared by esterifying alcohols with (meth)acrylic acid using a dehydrating reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) or N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP according to, for example, Steglich.

[0566] The present invention further relates to an LC medium or an LC display as described above in which a polymerizable compound such as formula M and its sub-formulas are present in a polymerized form.

[0567] One or more initiators may be added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for polymerization as well as suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. For example, commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369® or Darocure 1173® (Ciba) are suitable for free radical polymerization. When using an initiator, its proportion in the whole mixture is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0568] Also, the polymerizable compound according to the present invention is also suitable for polymerization without an initiator, and this polymerization has considerable advantages such as, for example, lower material costs, particularly a reduction in the contamination of the LC medium due to the expected residual amount of the initiator or its decomposition products. In this way, the polymerization can be carried out without adding an initiator. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the LC medium does not contain a polymerization initiator.

[0569] For example, in order to prevent the undesirable spontaneous polymerization of RM during storage or transportation, the polymerizable component of the cholesteric liquid crystal medium may also contain one or more stabilizers. The appropriate type and amount of stabilizer are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. For example, commercially available stabilizers of the Irganox® series (Ciba), such as Irganox® 1076, are particularly suitable. When using a stabilizer, the proportion of the stabilizer based on RM or the polymerizable component (Component A) is preferably 10 to 50,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50 to 5,000 ppm.

[0570] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more chiral dopants, preferably at a concentration of 0.01 to 1% by weight, very preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. The chiral dopant is preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table C below, very preferably from the group consisting of R- or S-1011, R- or S-2011, R- or S-3011, R- or S-4011, and R- or S-5011.

[0571] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains a racemate of one or more chiral dopants, and these chiral dopants are preferably selected from the chiral dopants described in the previous paragraph.

[0572] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more further stabilizers.

[0573] Preferred stabilizers are selected from compounds of formula H.

[0574]

Chemical formula

[0575] In the formula, Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms, preferably 6 to 30 C atoms; Sp represents a spacer group; RS represents H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms; Z S represents -O-, -C(O)O-, -(CH2) z - or -(CH2) z O- or a single bond; HA represents

Chemical formula

[0576] Compounds of formula H are described in European Patent Application Publication No. 3354710 and European Patent Application Publication No. 3354709.

[0577] Preferred compounds of formula H are selected from formula H-1, H-2 and H-3.

[0578]

Chemical formula

[0579]

Chemical formula

[0580] wherein R H has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O · ; n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7; and Sp represents a spacer group and preferably represents an alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms in which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O-.

[0581] Preferred compounds of formula H-1 are those of formula H-1-1.

[0582]

Chemical formula

[0583] wherein R H has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O · ; and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

[0584] Very preferred compounds of formula H-1-1 are those of formula H-1-1-1.

[0585]

Chemical formula

[0586] Preferred compounds of formula H-2 are those of formula H-2-1.

[0587]

Chemical formula

[0588] wherein R H has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O · ; and n2, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, is preferably the same and is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, very preferably 3; and RS represents alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably n-butyl, which is the same or different, preferably the same, at each occurrence.

[0589] A highly preferred compound of formula H-2-1 is of formula H-2-1-1.

[0590]

Chemical formula

[0591] Preferred compounds of formula H-3 are selected from formula H-3-1.

[0592]

Chemical formula

[0593] wherein Sp and R H have the meanings given above, and R H is preferably H or O · represents, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

[0594] More preferred stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of formulas ST-1 to ST-18.

[0595]

Chemical formula

[0596]

Chemical formula

[0597]

Chemical formula

[0598]

Chemical formula

[0599] In the formula R ST represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups are arranged so that O atoms are not directly connected to each other, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-,

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

[0600] Preferred compounds of formula ST are those selected from formula ST-3 and in particular the following.

[0601]

Chemical formula

[0602]

Chem.

[0603]

Chem.

[0604] In the compounds of formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In the compound of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0605] Highly preferred stabilizers are selected from the group of compounds of formulae ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12.

[0606]

Chem.

[0607]

Chem.

[0608] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more stabilizers selected from Table D below.

[0609] The proportion of the stabilizer in the LC medium is preferably 10 - 500 ppm, and very preferably 20 - 100 ppm.

[0610] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains a self-alignment (SA) additive at a concentration of 0.1 - 2.5%.

[0611] In a preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to the present invention does not include a polyimide alignment layer. In another preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to the preferred embodiment includes a polyimide alignment layer.

[0612] The preferred SA additives for use in this preferred embodiment are selected from compounds comprising a mesogenic group and a linear or branched alkyl side chain terminated with one or more polar anchor groups selected from hydroxy, carboxy, amino or thiol groups.

[0613] More preferred SA additives comprise one or more polymerizable groups optionally linked to the mesogenic group via a spacer group. These polymerizable SA additives can be polymerized in the LC medium under the same conditions as applied to the RM in the PSA process.

[0614] Suitable SA additives for inducing a homeotropic alignment, particularly in the use in SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0182202, US Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0838581, US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0166890 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0252265.

[0615] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium or polymer-stabilized SA-VA display according to the invention comprises one or more self-aligning additives selected from Table F below.

[0616] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more SA additives selected from Formula II or its sub-formulas, or from Table F below, in a concentration of 0.1 to 5%, very preferably 0.2 to 3%, most preferably 0.2 to 1.5%.

[0617] The invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below, preferably a PSA or SA display, very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0618] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium as described above in the form in which the polymerizable compound is polymerized, preferably a PSA or SA display, very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0619] For the production of a PSA or polymer-stabilized SA display, the polymerizable compound contained in the LC medium is preferably polymerized in situ in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display while applying a voltage to the electrodes.

[0620] The structure of the display according to the invention corresponds to the normal geometry of a PSA display as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, in particular, in addition, a geometry in which the electrode on the color filter side is not structured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots is preferred. A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for a PS-VA display is described, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793.

[0621] A preferred PS-type liquid crystal display according to the present invention is: · a first substrate including pixel electrodes defining pixel regions, the pixel electrodes being connected to switching elements disposed in each pixel region and optionally including a microslit pattern, and optionally a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrodes, · a second substrate including a common electrode layer that may be disposed over the entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and optionally a second alignment layer, · an LC layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including an LC medium as described above, wherein the polymerizable compound may be present in a polymerized form and comprising.

[0622] The first and / or second alignment layer controls the alignment direction of the LC molecules in the LC layer. For example, in a PS-VA display, the alignment layer is selected to impart a homeotropic (or perpendicular) alignment (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or a tilted alignment to the LC molecules. Such an alignment layer may include, for example, polyimide, may be rubbed, or may be prepared by an optical alignment method.

[0623] The LC layer having the LC medium can be formed between the substrates of the display by a method conventionally used by display manufacturers, for example, the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. Then, the polymerizable component of the LC medium is polymerized, for example, by UV photopolymerization. The polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0624] The PSA display may include further elements such as a color filter, a black matrix, a passivation layer, an optical retardation layer, transistor elements for addressing individual pixels, etc., all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and can be employed without inventive skill.

[0625] The electrode structure can be designed by those skilled in the art according to the type of each display. For example, in the case of a PS-VA display, a multi-domain alignment of LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes having slits and / or bumps or protrusions to create two or four or more different tilt alignment directions.

[0626] During polymerization, the polymerizable compound forms a copolymer, whereby the LC molecules in the LC medium come to have a certain tilt angle. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is believed that at least a part of the cross-linked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound phase-separates or precipitates from the LC medium and forms a polymer layer on the substrate or the electrode or the alignment layer provided thereon. It has been confirmed by microscopic measurement data (such as SEM and AFM) that at least a part of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0627] The polymerization can be carried out in one step. Also, first, in order to generate a tilt angle, in the first step, polymerization is carried out while arbitrarily applying a voltage, and then, in the second polymerization step without applying a voltage, the compounds that did not react in the first step are polymerized or crosslinked ("final curing").

[0628] A preferred and favorable polymerization method is, for example, thermal polymerization or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, particularly UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compound to UV radiation.

[0629] The polymerizable compounds of formula M and its sub-formulas exhibit good UV absorption, particularly in the process of preparing a PSA display including one or more of the following features or any combination thereof, and thus are particularly suitable:

[0630] · The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in the display, and includes a two-step process of generating a tilt angle in the first UV exposure step ("UV1 step") of applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display and completing the polymerization of the polymerizable compound in the second UV exposure step ("UV2 step") without applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display.

[0631] · The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in a display generated by a UV-LED lamp, preferably at least in the UV2 step, more preferably in both the UV1 and UV2 steps.

[0632] · The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in a display generated by an energy-saving UV lamp (also known as a "green UV lamp"). These lamps are characterized by a relatively low intensity (1 / 100 to 1 / 10 of a conventional UV1 lamp) in the absorption spectrum of 300 - 380 nm, and are preferably used in the UV2 step, but can also be arbitrarily used in the UV1 step if it is necessary to avoid a high intensity in the process.

[0633] · The polymeric medium is exposed to UV light within the display generated by a UV lamp having an emission spectrum shifted to a longer wavelength, preferably 340 nm or greater, more preferably less than 350 - 370 nm, and most preferably 355 - 368 nm, to avoid short UV light exposure in the PS-VA process.

[0634] The organic layer is protected from damage that may be caused by UV light by a UV shift to lower intensity and longer wavelength.

[0635] Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for preparing PSA displays as described above and below and include one or more of the following features or desired combinations thereof: · irradiating the polymeric LC medium with UV light in two stages, including a first UV exposure step (the "UV-1 step") in which a voltage is applied to generate a tilt angle and a second UV exposure step (the "UV-2 step") in which no voltage is applied to complete the polymerization of the polymeric compound, · irradiating the polymeric LC medium preferably in the UV2 step and optionally also in the UV1 step with UV light generated by a UV lamp having an intensity in the wavelength range of 300 - 380 nm of 0.5 mW / cm 2 ~10 mW / cm 2 ; · irradiating the polymeric LC medium with UV light having a wavelength in the range of 340 nm or greater, preferably 420 nm or less, more preferably in the range of less than 350 - 370 nm, most preferably in the range of 355 - 368 nm, · irradiating the polymeric LC medium with UV light while applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display, · using a UV-LED lamp for irradiation with UV light.

[0636] This preferred method can be implemented, for example, by using a desired UV lamp or by using a band - pass filter and / or a cut - off filter that substantially transmits UV light having a desired wavelength respectively and substantially blocks light having an undesired wavelength respectively. For example, when irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ in the range of 300 - 400 nm is desired, UV irradiation can be carried out using a wide - band pass filter that substantially transmits wavelengths where λ is greater than 300 nm and less than 400 nm. When it is desired to irradiate with UV light having a wavelength λ greater than 340 nm, UV irradiation can be carried out using a cut - off filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ greater than 340 nm.

[0637] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, UV irradiation is carried out using a UV - LED lamp.

[0638] Using a UV - LED lamp having only one narrow emission peak in the PSA process has several advantages such as more effective light - energy transfer to the polymerizable compound in the LC medium, for example, depending on the selection of a suitable polymerizable compound that shows absorption at the emission wavelength of the LED lamp. This can reduce the UV intensity and / or the UV irradiation time, thus enabling a reduction in tact time, energy, and manufacturing costs. Another advantage is that since the emission spectrum of the lamp is narrow, the selection of a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization becomes easier.

[0639] Very preferably, the UV light source is a UV - LED lamp that emits wavelengths in the range of 340 - 400 nm, more preferably in the range of 340 - 380 nm. A UV - LED lamp that emits UV light having a wavelength of 365 nm is particularly preferred.

[0640] Preferably, the UV - LED lamp emits light having an emission peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm or less.

[0641] UV-LED lamps are commercially available, for example, from Dr. Hoenle, Germany, or Primelite, Germany, or IST Metz, Germany, and the emission wavelengths are, for example, 365 nm, 385 nm, 395 nm, and 405 nm.

[0642] This preferred method enables the production of displays using UV of longer wavelengths, thereby reducing or avoiding the harmful and damaging effects of the short-wavelength components of UV light.

[0643] The UV radiation energy is generally 6 - 100 J, depending on the conditions of the manufacturing process.

[0644] The LC medium according to the present invention may additionally contain one or more further components or additives preferably selected without limitation from the list including comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobizing agents, adhesives, fluidity improvers, defoamers, degassing agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles.

[0645] Furthermore, to the LC medium, for example, 0 - 15 wt% of a dichroic dye, further nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably ethyl dimethyl dodecyl ammonium 4 - hexyloxybenzoate, tetrabutyl ammonium tetraphenyl borate, or a complex salt of a crown ether (e.g., Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 24, pp. 249 - 258 (1973)), substances that improve conductivity, and substances that change the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, and orientation of the nematic phase can be added. Substances of this type are described, for example, in German Patent Application Publications Nos. 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430, and 28 53 728.

[0646] The individual components of the preferred embodiments listed above the LC medium according to the invention are either known or the methods for preparing them are based on standard methods described in the literature, so that the methods for preparing them can be readily derived by those skilled in the art from the prior art. The corresponding compounds of formula CY are described, for example, in European Patent Application Publication No. 0 364 538. The corresponding compounds of formula ZK are described, for example, in German Patent Application Publication Nos. 26 36 684 and 33 21 373.

[0647] The LC media that can be used according to the invention are prepared, for example, by mixing one or more of the above-mentioned compounds with one or more polymerizable compounds as defined above and, as optional components, further liquid crystal compounds and / or additives, and are themselves prepared in a conventional manner. Generally, the desired amounts of the components used in smaller amounts are advantageously dissolved by heating in the components constituting the main constituents. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example in acetone, chloroform or methanol, and after thorough mixing, to remove the solvent again, for example by distillation. The invention further relates to a method for preparing an LC medium according to the invention.

[0648] It goes without saying that the LC media according to the invention may also contain, for example, compounds in which H, N, O, Cl, F are replaced by isotopes such as the corresponding deuterium.

[0649] The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it. However, they show the preferred way of mixing for those skilled in the art, together with the compounds preferably used, their respective concentrations and their combinations with one another. In addition, the examples illustrate what properties and combinations of properties are obtainable.

[0650] In the present invention and the following examples, the structures of the liquid crystal compounds are indicated by acronyms. Unless otherwise specified, the conversion to chemical formulas is carried out according to Tables A.1 to A.3 below. All groups C n H2n+1 , C m H 2m+1 and C l H 2l+1 or C n H 2n , C m H 2m and C l H 2l , are linear alkyl or alkylene groups having n, m, and l C atoms, respectively, in each case. Preferably, n, m, and l are each independently of one another 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A.1 shows the codes for the ring elements of the nucleus of the compound, Table A.2 lists the bridging units, and Table A.3 lists the meanings of the symbols for the left and right end groups of the molecule. The acronym consists of the code for the ring element with any linking group followed by a first hyphen and the code for the left end group, and a second hyphen and the code for the right end group.

[0651] <Table A.1: Ring Elements>

[0652]

Table 1

[0653]

Table 2

[0654]

Table 3

[0655] <Table A.2: Bridging Units>

[0656]

Table 4

[0657] <Table A.3: End Groups>

[0658]

Table 5

[0659]

Table 6

[0660] In the table, n and m are each integers, and the three dots "..." are places for other abbreviations from this table.

[0661] Table B shows exemplary structures of the compounds together with their respective abbreviations.

[0662] In Table B, n, m, k, and l are each independently integers, preferably from 1 to 9, preferably from 1 to 7, and k and l may also be 0, preferably from 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, most preferably 2, n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, in the combination "-nO-", n is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, very preferably 2 or 4, m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, in the combination "-Om", m is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-nVm" is preferably "2V1". (O)C m H 2m+1 is C m H 2m+1 or OC m H 2m+1 and means.

[0663]

Table 7

[0664]

Table 8

[0665]

Table 9

[0666]

Table 10

[0667]

Table 11

[0668]

Table 12

[0669]

Table 13

[0670]

Table 14

[0671]

Table 15

[0672]

Table 16

[0673]

Table 17

[0674]

Table 18

[0675]

Table 19

[0676]

Table 20

[0677]

Table 21

[0678]

Table 22

[0679]

Table 23

[0680]

Table 24

[0681]

Table 25

[0682]

Table 26

[0683]

Table 27

[0684]

Table 28

[0685]

Table 29

[0686] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium according to the present invention contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds from Table B.

[0687] Table C shows possible chiral dopants that can be added to the LC medium according to the present invention.

[0688]

Table 30

[0689]

Table 31

[0690] The LC medium preferably contains 0 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight of the dopant. The LC medium preferably contains one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table C.

[0691] Table D shows possible stabilizers that can be added to the LC medium according to the present invention. Here, n represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and the terminal methyl group is not shown.

[0692]

Table 32

[0693]

Table 33

[0694]

Table 34

[0695]

Table 35

[0696]

Table 36

[0697]

Table 37

[0698]

Table 38

[0699]

Table 39

[0700] The LC medium preferably contains a stabilizer in an amount of 0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 1 ppm to 5% by weight, and most preferably 1 ppm to 1% by weight. The LC medium preferably contains one or more stabilizers selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table D.

[0701] Table E shows exemplary reactive mesogenic compounds that can be used in the LC medium according to the present invention.

[0702]

Table 40

[0703]

Table 41

[0704]

Table 42

[0705]

Table 43

[0706]

Table 44

[0707]

Table 45

[0708]

Table 46

[0709]

Table 47

[0710]

Table 48

[0711]

Table 49

[0712]

Table 50

[0713]

Table 51

[0714]

Table 52

[0715]

Table 53

[0716]

Table 54

[0717]

Table 55

[0718]

Table 56

[0719]

Table 57

[0720]

Table 58

[0721]

Table 59

[0722]

Table 60

[0723] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention preferably comprises one or more polymerizable compounds selected from the polymerizable compounds of formulae RM-1 to RM-182. Among these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183 are particularly preferred.

[0724] Table F shows self-aligning additives for vertical alignment that can be used together with polymerizable compounds in the LC media for SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the present invention.

[0725] [Table 61]

[0726] [Table 62]

[0727] [Table 63]

[0728] [Table 64]

[0729] [Table 65]

[0730] [Table 66]

[0731] [Table 67]

[0732] [Table 68]

[0733] [Table 69]

[0734]

Table 70

[0735]

Table 71

[0736]

Table 72

[0737]

Table 73

[0738] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium, SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the invention are combined with one or more RMs and contain one or more SA additives selected from formulas SA-1 to SA-48, preferably from formulas SA-14 to SA-48, very preferably from formulas SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44.

Examples

[0739] The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting the invention. However, they show the preferred way of mixing for those skilled in the art, together with the compounds preferably used, their respective concentrations and their combinations with each other. In addition, the examples illustrate what properties and combinations of properties are obtainable.

[0740] In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols are used: V0 is the capacitance threshold voltage [V] at 20 °C, n e is the extraordinary refractive index at 20 °C and 589 nm, n0 is the ordinary refractive index at 20 °C and 589 nm, Δn is the optical anisotropy at 20 °C and 589 nm, ε⊥ is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20 °C and 1 kHz, ε ∥ is the dielectric constant parallel to the director at 20 °C and 1 kHz, Δε is the dielectric anisotropy at 20 °C and 1 kHz, cl.p., T(N,I) is the clearing point [°C], γ1 is the rotational viscosity [mPa·s] at 20 °C, K1 is the elastic constant [pN] for the "splay" deformation at 20 °C, K2 is the elastic constant [pN] for the "twist" deformation at 20 °C, K3 is the elastic constant [pN] for the "bend" deformation at 20 °C, K av. is the average elastic constant [pN] at 20 °C, and in this specification

Equation

[0741] Unless otherwise specified, in this application all concentrations are expressed as weight percentages, including all solid or liquid crystal components and excluding solvents, with respect to the entire corresponding mixture.

[0742] Unless otherwise specified, all temperature values shown in this application, such as the melting point T(C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N), and the clearing point T(N,I), are expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). M.p. represents the melting point, and cl.p. is the clearing point. Further, C is the crystalline state, N is the nematic phase, S is the smectic phase, and I is the isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperature.

[0743] All physical properties are determined or have been determined according to Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals, November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and in each case, a temperature of 20 °C applies, Δn is determined at 589 nm, and Δε is determined at 1 kHz, unless otherwise stated.

[0744] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" relates to the capacitance threshold (V0), also known as the Frederiks threshold, unless otherwise stated. Also, in examples, although generally normal, the optical threshold for 10% relative contrast (V 10 ) may also be shown.

[0745] Unless otherwise specified, as described above and below, the process of polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the PSA display is carried out at a temperature at which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably at room temperature.

[0746] Unless otherwise specified, the method of preparing test cells and measuring their electro-optical and other properties is carried out in a manner as described hereinafter or similar thereto.

[0747] Unless otherwise specified, the PSVA display or PSVA test cell used for measuring the tilt angle usually consists of two flat and parallel outer plates made of glass separated by a distance of about 4 μm. Each outer plate has an electrode layer on the inside and a polyimide alignment layer on the top, provided that the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to each other, resulting in a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. The PSVA display or test cell has the same structure, except that one or both of the polyimide layers are omitted.

[0748] The polymerizable compound is usually polymerized in the display or test cell by irradiation with UV light of a defined intensity for a predetermined time while simultaneously applying a voltage (usually 10 V - 30 V AC, 1 kHz) to the display.

[0749] The tilt angle is usually determined using the Mueller matrix polarimeter "AxoScan" manufactured by Axometrics. In this specification, a low value (i.e., a large deviation from the angle of 90°) corresponds to a large tilt.

[0750] Unless otherwise specified, the term "tilt angle" means the angle between the LC director and the substrate, and "LC director" means the preferred orientation direction of the optical major axis of the LC molecules in a layer of uniformly oriented LC molecules, which, in the case of calamitic, uniaxial and positively birefringent LC molecules, corresponds to their molecular long axis.

[0751] <Comparative Example 1> The nematic LC host mixture NC1 is formulated as follows.

[0752] [Table 74]

[0753] Mixture NC1 does not contain a compound of formula L1 or L2.

[0754] The chiral nematic LC host mixture CCh1 is formulated by adding 0.91% of the chiral dopant S-4011 to 99.09% of the host mixture NC1.

[0755] The polymerizable LC mixture PC1 is formulated as follows.

[0756] [Table 75]

[0757] [Chemical formula]

[0758] <Comparative Example 2> The nematic LC host mixture NC2 is formulated as follows.

[0759]

Table 76

[0760] Mixture NC2 does not contain compounds of formula L1 or L2.

[0761] The chiral nematic LC host mixture CCh2 is formulated by adding 0.89% of the chiral dopant S-4011 to 99.11% of the host mixture NC2.

[0762] The polymerizable LC mixture PC2 is formulated as follows.

[0763]

Table 77

[0764] <Example 1> The nematic LC host mixture N1 is formulated as follows.

[0765]

Table 78

[0766] Mixture N1 contains the compound CLP-3-T of formula L1.

[0767] The chiral nematic LC host mixture Ch1 is formulated by adding 0.9% of the chiral dopant S-4011 to 99.1% of the host mixture N1.

[0768] The polymerizable LC mixture P1 is formulated as follows.

[0769]

Table 79

[0770] <Example 2> The nematic LC host mixture N2 is formulated as follows.

[0771]

Table 80

[0772] Mixture N2 contains the compound CLP-V-1 of formula L2.

[0773] The chiral nematic LC host mixture Ch2 is formulated by adding 0.9% of the chiral dopant S-4011 to 99.1% of the host mixture N2.

[0774] The polymerizable LC mixture P2 is formulated as follows.

[0775]

Table 81

[0776] The VHR of the polymerizable mixtures of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 and 2 are measured after PSA treatment and over time. The physical properties and VHR of the polymerizable mixtures are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0777]

[0778]

Table 82

[0779] The polymerizable mixtures P1 and P2 according to the invention containing a compound of formula L1 or L2 maintain the desired values of other important properties such as dielectric anisotropy, birefringence, low viscosity and a low value of γ1 / K 11 and are found to exhibit a significantly superior VHR compared to the polymerizable mixtures PC1 and PC2 that do not contain these compounds.

[0780] <Example 3> The nematic LC host mixture N3 is formulated as follows.

[0781]

Table 83

[0782] Mixture N3 contains the compound CLP-V-1 of formula L2.

[0783] The polymerizable LC mixture P3 is formulated as follows.

[0784]

Table 84

[0785]

Chemical formula

[0786] <Example 4> The nematic LC host mixture N4 is formulated as follows.

[0787]

Table 85

[0788] Mixture N4 contains the compound CLP-V-1 of formula L2.

[0789] The polymerizable LC mixture P4 is formulated as follows.

[0790]

Table 86

[0791] <Example 5> The nematic LC host mixture N5 is formulated as follows.

[0792]

Table 87

[0793] Mixture N5 contains the compound CLP-V-1 of formula L2.

[0794] The polymerizable LC mixture P5 is formulated as follows.

[0795] [Table 88]

[0796] <Example 6> The polymerizable LC mixture P6 is formulated as follows.

[0797] [Table 89]

[0798] <Example 7> The polymerizable LC mixture P7 is formulated as follows.

[0799] [Table 90]

[0800] [Chemical formula]

[0801] <Example 8> The polymerizable LC mixture P8 is formulated as follows.

[0802] [Table 91]

[0803] [Chemical formula]

[0804] <Example 9> The polymerizable LC mixture P9 is formulated as follows.

[0805]

Table 92

[0806] <Example 10> The polymerizable LC mixture P10 is formulated as follows.

[0807]

Table 93

[0808] <Example 11> The polymerizable LC mixture P11 is formulated as follows.

[0809]

Table 94

[0810] <Example 12> The polymerizable LC mixture P12 is formulated as follows.

[0811]

Table 95

[0812]

Chemical formula

[0813] <Example 13> The polymerizable LC mixture P13 is formulated as follows.

[0814]

Table 96

[0815] <Example 14> The polymerizable LC mixture P14 is formulated as follows.

[0816]

Table 97

[0817] <Example 15> The polymerizable LC mixture P15 is formulated as follows.

[0818]

Table 98

[0819] <Example 16> The polymerizable LC mixture P16 is formulated as follows.

[0820]

Table 99

[0821] <Example 17> The polymerizable LC mixture P17 is formulated as follows.

[0822]

Table 100

[0823] <Example 18> The polymerizable LC mixture P18 is formulated as follows.

[0824]

Table 101

[0825] <Example 19> The polymerizable LC mixture P19 is formulated as follows.

[0826]

Table 102

[0827] <Example 20> The polymerizable LC mixture P20 is formulated as follows.

[0828]

Table 103

[0829]

Chemical formula

[0830] <Example 21> The polymerizable LC mixture P21 is formulated as follows.

[0831]

Table 104

[0832]

Chemical formula

[0833] <Example 22> The polymerizable LC mixture P22 is formulated as follows.

[0834]

Table 105

[0835] <Example 23> The polymerizable LC mixture P23 is formulated as follows.

[0836]

Table 106

[0837] <Example 24> The polymerizable LC mixture P24 is formulated as follows.

[0838]

Table 107

[0839] <Example 25> The polymerizable LC mixture P25 is formulated as follows.

[0840] [Table 108]

[0841] <Example 26> The polymerizable LC mixture P26 is formulated as follows.

[0842] [Table 109]

[0843] <Example 27> The polymerizable LC mixture P27 is formulated as follows.

[0844] [Table 110]

[0845] <Example 28> The polymerizable LC mixture P28 is formulated as follows.

[0846] [Table 111]

[0847] <Example 29> The polymerizable LC mixture P29 is formulated as follows.

[0848] [Table 112]

[0849] <Example 30> The polymerizable LC mixture P30 is formulated as follows.

[0850]

Table 113

[0851] <Example 31> The polymerizable LC mixture P31 is formulated as follows.

[0852]

Table 114

[0853] <Example 32> The polymerizable LC mixture P32 is formulated as follows.

[0854]

Table 115

[0855] <Example 33> The polymerizable LC mixture P33 is formulated as follows.

[0856]

Table 116

[0857]

Chemical formula

[0858] <Example 34> The polymerizable LC mixture P34 is formulated as follows.

[0859]

Table 117

[0860]

Chemical formula

[0861] <Example 35> The polymerizable LC mixture P35 is formulated as follows.

[0862]

Table 118

[0863]

Chemical formula

[0864] <Example 36> The polymerizable LC mixture P36 is formulated as follows.

[0865]

Table 119

[0866]

Chemical formula

[0867] <Example 37> The polymerizable LC mixture P37 is formulated as follows.

[0868]

Table 120

[0869]

Chemical formula

[0870] <Example 38> The polymerizable LC mixture P38 is formulated as follows.

[0871]

Table 121

[0872]

Chem.

[0873] <Example 39> The polymerizable LC mixture P39 is formulated as follows.

[0874]

Table 122

[0875]

Chem.

[0876] <Example 40> The polymerizable LC mixture P40 is formulated as follows.

[0877]

Table 123

[0878]

Chem.

[0879] <Example 41> The polymerizable LC mixture P41 is formulated as follows.

[0880]

Table 124

[0881] <Example 42> The polymerizable LC mixture P42 is formulated as follows.

[0882]

Table 125

[0883] <Example 43> The nematic LC host mixture N6 is formulated as follows.

[0884] [Table 126]

[0885] Mixture N6 contains the compound CLG-3-F of formula L1.

[0886] The polymerizable LC mixture P43 is formulated as follows.

[0887] [Table 127]

[0888] <Example 44> The polymerizable LC mixture P44 is formulated as follows.

[0889] [Table 128]

[0890] <Example 45> The polymerizable LC mixture P45 is formulated as follows.

[0891] [Table 129]

[0892] <Example 46> The polymerizable LC mixture P46 is formulated as follows.

[0893] [Table 130]

[0894] <Example 47> The polymerizable LC mixture P47 is formulated as follows.

[0895]

Table 131

[0896] <Example 48> The polymerizable LC mixture P48 is formulated as follows.

[0897]

Table 132

[0898] <Example 49> The polymerizable LC mixture P49 is formulated as follows.

[0899]

Table 133

Claims

1. An LC medium having negative dielectric anisotropy, containing one or more compounds selected from Formula L1 and L2, and further containing two or more polymerizable compounds (preferably those of Formula M). 【Chemical 1】 (In the formula, each group, independently of one another in each occurrence, has the following meanings, being the same or different in each occurrence: R Ｌ１ is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH ２ groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CR ０ =CR ００ -, -C≡C-, [Chemical 2] may be replaced by, provided that one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl.), preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, R Ｌ２ is a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably CH ２ =CH−, CH ２ =CHCH ２ −, CH ２ =CHCH ２ CH ２ −, CH ３ −CH=CH−, CH ３ −CH ２ −CH=CH−, CH ３ −(CH ２ ) ２ −CH=CH−, CH ３ −(CH ２ ) ３ −CH=CH− and CH ３ −CH=CH−(CH ２ ) ２ −, and is selected from X Ｌ is F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ , preferably F or CF ３ , very preferably CF ３ and Y Ｌ is H, F, Cl or CH ３ , preferably H, Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ , CHF ２ or CH ３ , preferably H or CH ３ , very preferably H, and P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond, and the group may be substituted by L ａ and may be substituted with R ａ 、R ｂ is P, P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF ５ or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, and in addition, in this group, one or more non-adjacent CH ２ groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, -C(R ０ )(=C(R ００ ))-, -C≡C-, -N(R ００ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and may be replaced independently of each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms in this group may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, P or P-Sp-, provided that B １ and / or B ２ contains a saturated C atom, and R ａ and / or R ｂ may also represent a group spiro-linked to this saturated C atom, However, R ａ and R ｂ at least one of the groups represents or contains the group P or P-Sp- P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond, B １ and B ２ is an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, and the group may also contain a fused ring, and the group is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L, Z ｍ is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -SCH ２ -, -CH ２ S-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CF ２ S-, -SCF ２ -, -(CH ２ ) ｎ１ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -, -CH ２ CF ２ -, -(CF ２ ) ｎ１ -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH2CH2-CO-O-, O-CO-CH ２ -CH ２ -, -CR ０ R ００ - or a single bond, R ０ and R ００ are H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, n1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4, L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH ２ OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ｘ ) ２ , -C(=O)Y １ , -C(=O)R ｘ , -N(R ｘ ) ２ , optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, and in addition one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, Y １ is a halogen, and R ｘ is P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (in which in addition one or more non-adjacent CH ２ groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- so that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, and in which in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms).)

2. The LC medium according to Claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula L1 is selected from the following sub-formulas. 【Chemical Formula 3】 (wherein R Ｌ１ has the meaning given in claim 1 and preferably is alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms (in which the CH ２ group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), very preferably propyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl, most preferably propyl or pentyl).

3. The LC medium according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound of Formula L2 is selected from the following sub-formulas. 【Chemical Formula 4】 (In the formula, "alkyl" represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms (in this group, the CH ２ group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), and preferably represents methyl, ethyl or propyl.)

4. The LC medium according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, further comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of Formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID. 【Chemical Formula 5】 (In the formula, each group, being the same or different in each occurrence, independently of one another has the following meanings: R ２１ and R ２２ are an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, and the group is unsubstituted or mono-substituted with F, Cl, CN or CF ３ with the proviso that in addition, one or more CH ２ groups in these groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, and are -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, 【Chemical Formula 6】 may be replaced, provided that in formula IID, R ２１ is different from cyclic alkyl or alkoxy, L １ to L ４ is F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ and Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ , CHF ２ or CH ３ and Z ２ 、Z ２ is a single bond, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CHCH ２ O- and p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is 0 or 1.)

5. The LC medium according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, further comprising one or more compounds of Formula III. [Chemical Formula 7] (In the formula, R ３１ and R ３２ are each, independently of one another, H, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, where the group is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by F, Cl, CN or CF ３ or is at least mono-substituted by halogen, with the proviso that, in addition, one or more CH ２ groups in these groups are such that O atoms are not directly linked to one another, -O-, -S-, 【Chemical 8】 -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ - may be replaced by -CO-O- or -O-CO-, Y １ 、Y ２ is H, F, Cl, CF ３ 、CHF ２ 、CH ３ or OCH ３ 、preferably H, CH ３ or OCH ３ 、and very preferably H, A ３ are, in each occurrence, independent of each other a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non-adjacent CH ２ groups may be replaced by -O- or -S-, b) a 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) a group selected from the group consisting of spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl represents, provided that groups a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, n represents 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, Z １ is, independently of each other at each occurrence, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CH ２ -, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -(CH ２ ) ４ -, -CH=CH-CH ２ O-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CH ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, and L １１ and L １２ are each independently F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ , preferably H or F, most preferably F, and W represents O or S.)

6. The LC medium according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, further comprising one or more compounds of Formulas IV-1 to IV-4. 【Chemical Formula 9】 (In the formula, alkyl and alkyl’ each independently represent alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkenyl’ represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, and alkoxy represents an alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms.)

7. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by containing two or more compounds of formula M selected from the following formulas. 【Chemical 10】 【Chemical 11】 【Chemical 12】 【Chemical 13】 【Chemical 14】 【Chemical Formula 15】 (In the formula, each group is the same or different in each occurrence and each independently has the following meanings: P １ 、P ２ 、P ３ are polymerizable groups, preferably selected from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate, Sp １ 、Sp ２ 、Sp ３ is a single bond or a spacer group, provided that in addition one or more groups P １ -Sp １ -, P ２ -Sp ２ - and P ３ -Sp ３ - may represent R Ｍ , provided that the existing group P １ -Sp １ -, P ２ -Sp ２ - and P ３ -Sp ３ - at least one of which is different from R Ｍ , preferably having one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, very preferably -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -, -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -O-, -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -CO-O- or -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, R Ｍ is H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (wherein in addition one or more non-adjacent CH ２ groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other and are -C(R ０ ))=C(R ００ ))-, -C≡C-, -N(R ０ ), -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and may each be independently replaced by each other, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P １ -Sp １ -. Particularly preferably an alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms which may be linear or branched and mono-fluorinated or poly-fluorinated (wherein alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms and branched groups have at least 3 C atoms).), provided that R Ｍ does not represent or contain the group P １ , P ２ or P ３ . R ０ 、R ００ is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R ｙ and R ｚ are H, F, CH ３ or CF ３ and X １ , X ２ , X ３ is -CO-O-, -O-CO- or a single bond, Z Ｍ１ is -O-, -CO-, -C(R ｙ R ｚ )- or -CF ２ CF ２ -, and Z Ｍ２ , Z Ｍ３ is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ - or -(CH ２ ) ｎ -, provided that n is 2, 3 or 4, L is F, Cl, CN or an alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms which may be linear or branched and mono-fluorinated or poly-fluorinated, L’, L” are H, F or Cl, k is 0 or 1, r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 0, 1, 2 or 3, t is 0, 1 or 2, x is 0 or 1.)

8. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by containing two or more polymerizable compounds of formula M selected from formula IA, IB and IC. 【Chemical 16】 (In the formula, each group is the same or different in each occurrence and each independently has the following meanings: M １ 、 M ２ 、 M ３ are each a group individually selected from the following formulas: 【Chemical 17】 provided that the benzene ring may be substituted with one or more groups L or P - Sp -, L is L ａ , L ｂ , F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH ２ groups are replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- so that O atoms and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, provided that one or more H atoms may each be replaced by P, F or Cl, L ａ is -C(R ａａ )(R ｂｂ )OH, and R ａａ and R ｂｂ is a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R ａａ and R ｂｂ may together with the C atoms to which they are attached form a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, very preferably a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group, L ｂ is a linear or branched alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably 3 or 4 C atoms, However, in the compound of formula IA, the group M １ and / or at least one spacer group Sp is at least monosubstituted with L ａ and However, in the compound of formula IC, the group M ３ is at least monosubstituted with L ｂ .)

9. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a stabilizer, a chiral dopant, a polymerization initiator and a self-aligning additive.

10. A method for preparing the LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising mixing one or more compounds of formula L1 and / or L2 as defined in claim 1, 2, 3, 7 or 8 and two or more polymerizable compounds of formula M with one or more compounds of formula II, III, IV and / or V as defined in claim 4, 5 or 6, optionally with further liquid crystal compounds and / or additives, and optionally polymerizing the polymerizable compounds.

11. An LC display comprising the LC medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. The LC display according to claim 11, which is a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

13. The LC display according to claim 11 or 12, comprising two substrates at least one of which is transparent to light, electrodes provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and a layer of the LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9 disposed between the substrates, provided that the polymerizable compound is polymerized by UV photopolymerization between the substrates of the display. An LC display, characterized in that.

14. A method for manufacturing the LC display according to claim 13, comprising the step of providing the LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9 between the substrates of the display, and preferably polymerizing the polymerizable compound by irradiation with UV light while applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display. A method comprising the steps of.

15. Use of the LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the LC display according to any one of claims 11 to 13, or the method according to claim 14, for an energy-saving LC display or a method for producing an energy-saving LC display.

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