Ophthalmic lense and method for correcting, slowing, reducing, and / or controlling progression of myopia

Abstract

To provide ophthalmic lenses and methods for correcting, slowing, reducing, and / or controlling the progression of myopia.SOLUTION: An ophthalmic lens comprises a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of light modulating cells. One or more of the plurality of light modulating cells refract light to a second image plane different from the first image plane and / or one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells refract light to a third image plane different from the first and second image planes. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of light modulating cells is configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3, or 4) image planes, different from the first image plane.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Related Applications) This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 896,920, filed on 2006 / 01 / 14. , which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 412,507, filed October 25, 2016, It is also related to International Application No. PCT / AU2017 / 051173, filed on 25th January 2017. These priority claims Each of the above and related applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. There are.

[0002] (Technical field) The present disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses, and more particularly to ophthalmic lenses that correct, slow, reduce, and / or prevent the progression of myopia. The present invention relates to ophthalmic lenses and methods for suppressing and / or preventing eye damage. [Background technology]

[0003] (background) The background discussion in this disclosure is included to provide a context for the disclosed embodiments. This is because, at the priority date of the embodiments and claims set forth in this disclosure, the referenced materials is not an admission that the information contained herein was published, known, or part of general knowledge.

[0004] Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a condition in which distant objects are focused in front of the retina. This is a disease. As a result, the image on the retina is out of focus, and the image of objects appears blurred. Optical correction of myopia involves using an ophthalmic lens to shift the image plane to the retina, resulting in clear vision. However, these methods do not slow down the growth of the eye. In addition, myopia continues to progress. Currently, there are several optical correction methods to slow down, prevent, or inhibit the progression of myopia, but these generally adopt myopic defocus and at the same time attempt to ensure a clear field of view on the retina. It has been found that these measures can slow down the progression to a certain extent.

[0005] Considering a natural scene imaged by the eye, the scene consists of focused elements and elements subject to myopic or hyperopic defocus. The range and size of such out-of-focus elements vary from scene to scene. Therefore, in the eye, the area of the retina is exposed to competing optical signals generated by in-focus and out-of-focus images. The out-of-focus images can have not only myopic defocus but also hyperopic defocus. In animal models, introducing only myopic or hyperopic defocus can sometimes interfere with emmetropization. Such competing focus / defocus signals may affect the eye's emmetropization. Similarly, correcting myopia with a device having a uniform power cannot slow down the eye's growth. Therefore, by incorporating elements that direct or shift light to multiple surfaces, it is possible to provide clues for competing signals on the retina and reducing and / or preventing the eye's growth.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide defocus signals that compete on the retina and signals that slow down and / or stop the eye's growth by shifting light to multiple surfaces. The present disclosure aims to solve these and other problems disclosed herein. be. The present disclosure uses the exemplary ophthalmic lenses and methods described herein It is also an object to point out one or more advantages over this. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM

[0007] (Overview) The present disclosure aims to overcome and / or improve one or more problems described herein. Purpose.

[0008] The present disclosure is at least partially directed to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting, decelerating, reducing, and / or suppressing the progression of myopia. It is directed to.

[0009] The present disclosure is at least partially directed to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods that utilize a plurality of light modulation cells to correct, decelerate, reduce, and / or suppress the progression of eye growth by guiding or shifting light to multiple surfaces. It is directed to. It is directed to an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes a plurality of light modulation cells to correct, decelerate, reduce, and / or suppress the progression of eye growth by guiding or shifting light to multiple surfaces.

[0010] The present disclosure is at least partially directed to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods that direct incident light to a plurality of image planes (e.g., two or more image planes or three or more image planes). It is directed to.

[0011] The present disclosure is at least partially directed to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods that utilize a plurality of light modulation cells and a base lens to direct incident light to a plurality of image planes (e.g., two or more image planes or three or more image planes). It is directed to. / or method.

[0012] The present disclosure is at least partially an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and at least some of the plurality of light modulation cells wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and at least some of the plurality of light modulation cells At least one of which guides light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes), towards an ophthalmic lens is directed.

[0013] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to a first image plane, and at least one of the plurality of light modulation cells guides light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is forward of the first image plane. is directed towards an ophthalmic lens.

[0014] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to a first image plane, and at least one of the plurality of light modulation cells guides light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is rearward of the first image plane. is directed towards an ophthalmic lens.

[0015] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to a first image plane, and at least one of the plurality of light modulation cells guides light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes), and at least one of the plurality of light modulation cells guides light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes). is directed towards an ophthalmic lens.

[0016] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to a first image plane, and at least one of the plurality of light modulation cells guides light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is forward of the first image plane. is directed towards an ophthalmic lens. ) to guide light, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells guide light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes) that is more forward with respect to the first and second image planes, for an ophthalmic lens and is directed toward an ophthalmic lens that guides light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes) that is more forward than the first and second image planes. toward.

[0017] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to a first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells guide light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is forward of the first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells guide light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes) that is rearward of the first image plane, and is directed toward an ophthalmic lens. ) toward.

[0018] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens guides light to two or more image planes, and the plurality of light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes (e.g., one or more image planes different from two or more image planes associated with the base lens), and is directed toward an ophthalmic lens.

[0019] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein one or more light modulation cells are myopic with respect to the first power, and one or more light modulation cells are hyperopic with respect to the first power, and is directed toward an ophthalmic lens. toward.

[0020] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power and a second power; and a plurality of light modulation cells disposed on the base lens having the second power, comprising ​​​An ophthalmic lens, wherein one or more light modulating cells are myopic with respect to a first and a second power and one or more light modulating cells are hyperopic with respect to the first and second powers, the ophthalmic lens being directed thereto.

[0021] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; a plurality of light modulating cells disposed on the base lens having a second power, and an envelope zone surrounding the plurality of light modulating cells having a third power, wherein one or more light modulating cells are myopic with respect to the first and third powers and one or more light modulating cells are hyperopic with respect to the first and third powers, the ophthalmic lens being directed thereto.

[0022] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells have a second power and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells have a third power, the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first power directing incident light to a first image plane, the light modulating cells having the second power directing light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, and the light modulating cells having the third power directing light to a third image plane that is hyperopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, the ophthalmic lens being directed thereto.

[0023] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells have a second power, a third power, and a fourth power, the ophthalmic lens having the first power ​​​​​​​​​​​​The portion of the ophthalmic lens directs incident light to a first image plane, and the light modulation cells having a second power and a third power direct light to second and third image planes that are myopically defocused with respect to the first image plane and the light modulation cell having a fourth power directs light to a fourth image plane that is hyperopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, and is directed toward the ophthalmic lens.

[0024] The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells comprises a light modulation cell having a second power, a third power, and a fourth power, and an ophthalmic lens comprising the light modulation cells having the first power, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first power directs incident light to a first image plane, and the light modulation cell having the second power directs light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, and the light modulation cells having the third and fourth powers direct light to third and fourth image planes that are hyperopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, and is directed toward the ophthalmic lens.

[0025] The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells has a second power, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells has a third power, and an ophthalmic lens for an eye having an ametropia, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first power directs incident light to a first image plane to correct the ametropia of the eye, and the light modulation cell having the second power directs light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused with respect to the first image plane, and the light modulation cell having the third power directs light to a third image plane that is hyperopically defocused with respect to the first image plane. Directed towards an ophthalmic lens that guides light.

[0026] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens for an eye having refractive aberration and comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the base lens comprises a central optical zone and a peripheral optical zone, the power of the peripheral optical zone is more positive than that of the central optical zone, and one or more light modulation cells disposed in the peripheral optical zone have a power more positive than the power of the peripheral optical zone and one or more light modulation cells disposed in the peripheral optical zone have a power more negative than the power of the peripheral optical zone. The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes one or more multifocal light modulation cells to direct incident light to a plurality of image planes. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and the one or more multifocal light modulation cells direct light to at least second and third image planes. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens constitutes a first power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a second power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a third power. The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens having a base lens having one or more powers; and a plurality of The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens having a base lens having one or more powers; and a plurality of

[0027] The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens that utilizes one or more multifocal light modulation cells to direct incident light to a plurality of image planes. The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes one or more multifocal light modulation cells to direct incident light to a plurality of image planes.

[0028] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and the one or more multifocal light modulation cells direct light to at least second and third image planes. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and the one or more multifocal light modulation cells direct light to at least second and third image planes. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and the one or more multifocal light modulation cells direct light to at least second and third image planes.

[0029] The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens constitutes a first power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a second power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a third power. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens constitutes a first power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a second power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a third power. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens constitutes a first power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a second power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a third power. The present disclosure is, at least in part, an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation cells, wherein the base lens constitutes a first power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a second power and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation cells constitutes at least a third power.

[0030] The present disclosure is, at least in part, directed towards an ophthalmic lens having a base lens having one or more powers; and a plurality of An ophthalmic lens comprising a number of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the light modulating cells are multifocal light modulating cells (i.e., they have multiple focal lengths), and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0031] This disclosure is at least in part directed to a base lens having a first focal length; and a plurality of multifocal light modulating cells, wherein a first portion of one or more of the multifocal light modulating cells has a second focal length and a second portion of one or more of the multifocal light modulating cells has a third focal length, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens comprising multifocal light modulating cells.

[0032] This disclosure is at least in part directed to a base lens having a first focal power; and an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of multifocal light modulating cells, wherein a portion of the multifocal light modulating cells directs light forward relative to the first power and another portion of the multifocal light modulating cells directs light rearward relative to the first power, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0033] This disclosure is at least in part directed to a base lens having one or more powers; and an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the light modulating cells have a substantially uniform power and one or more of the multifocal light modulating cells have a variable power, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0034] This disclosure is at least in part directed to a base lens having a first power; and an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the light modulating cells (e.g., multifocal light modulating cells) have a variable power that is a stepped power or a progressive power (e.g., the light modulating cell has multiple focal lengths and the multiple focal lengths progress from one focal length to another focal gradually transitions or changes in distance, or the focal length changes across one or more regions of the optical modulation cell and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens).

[0035] The present disclosure is at least partially directed towards an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of optical modulation cells, wherein one or more of the optical modulation cells (e.g., multifocal optical modulation cells) have a power that is non stigmatic (e.g., may have one or more cylindrical or toric surfaces to provide different powers along different axes or meridians). and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens).

[0036] The present disclosure is at least partially directed towards an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of optical modulation cells, wherein one or more of the optical modulation cells (e.g., multifocal optical modulation cells) have a power that has one or more astigmatic powers, such that the axes (or meridians) of one or more of the astigmatic powers are arranged radially, and / or circumferentially, and / or perpendicularly, and / or horizontally, and / or obliquely, and / or randomly or quasi-randomly, and / or pseudo-randomly arranged optical modulation cells, and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens).

[0037] The present disclosure is at least partially directed towards an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of optical modulation cells, wherein one or more of the optical modulation cells (e.g., multifocal optical modulation cells) have a power that has one or more combinations of higher order aberrations (e.g., spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, higher order astigmatism, etc.) and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens).

[0038] ​​The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein the power of one or more light modulation cells (e.g., multifocal light modulation cells) has a combination of one or more higher-order aberrations, such that the axes or meridians of one or more non-rotationally symmetric higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil) are arranged radially and / or circumferentially and / or vertically and / or horizontally and / or obliquely and / or or randomly or quasi-randomly and / or pseudo-randomly arranged light modulation cells, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0039] The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, and is an ophthalmic lens, wherein one or more light modulation cells have a focal power that is myopic with respect to the first power, and one or more light modulation cells have a focal power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power. and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0040] The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulation cells, and is an ophthalmic lens, wherein one or more light modulation cells have a focal power that is either myopic or hyperopic with respect to the first power, and one or more light modulation cells are multifocal light modulation cells having a variable power with respect to the first power. and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0041] The present disclosure is, at least in part, a base lens having a first power, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power, and one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power, and is an ophthalmic lens, wherein the first power ​ A base lens having a power guides incident light to focus on a first image plane, and the first power One or more light modulation cells having a myopic power relative to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, and having a hyperopic power relative to the first power One or more light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and are directed to an ophthalmic lens. One or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane.

[0042] The present disclosure is at least in part an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first power, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells having a variable power, wherein the base lens having the first power guides incident light To a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. To a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. [[ID=2B]] To a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. To a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. One or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. One or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens. One or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes, and is directed to an ophthalmic lens.

[0043] The present disclosure is at least in part an ophthalmic lens for correcting refractive abnormalities of the eye, comprising a base lens having a first power, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells having a variable power, wherein the base lens having the first power Guides incident light to a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes. Guides incident light to a first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is myopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused hyperopically with respect to the first image plane, one or more light modulation cells having a power that is hyperopic with respect to the first power guide light to one or more image planes defocused myopically with respect to the first image plane, and one or more multifocal light modulation cells guide light to one or more image planes. ​​a base lens having a first image plane for correcting refractive error of the eye; One or more light-modulating cells having a myopic power relative to the power are hyperopic relative to the first image plane. Directing light to one or more ocularly defocused image planes and providing a hyperopic power relative to the first power. One or more light modulation cells having a first image plane are myopically defocused with respect to the first image plane. one or more multifocal light modulating cells direct light to one or more image planes, It is aimed at lenses for use.

[0044] The present disclosure is based, at least in part, on the use of two or more meridians with two or more meridian powers. a base lens having a power that is myopic for one meridian; and one or more light-modulating cells having a power that is hyperopic relative to the power of one meridian. An ophthalmic lens comprising a light-modulating cell having a base with power in two or more meridians. The lens directs the incoming light into two or more meridian planes, providing a myopic power to the first. one or more light-modulating cells having a holographically defocused image with respect to one meridian plane; One that directs light to focus on the image plane and has a hyperopic power relative to the first. These light modulation cells direct light onto an image plane that is myopically defocused with respect to one meridian plane. It is directed towards ophthalmic lenses.

[0045] The present disclosure is based, at least in part, on a base lens and (individually and / or collectively) ) multiple image planes (e.g., two or more image planes or three or more image planes, two or more image planes or three or more image planes) above image plane, 4 or more image planes or 5 or more image planes, 6 or more image planes or 7 or more image planes, 8 a through-focus light distribution that spreads over two or more image planes or nine or more image planes, ten or more image planes) using one or more light modulation cells that provide and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method

[0046] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes a base lens and one or more light modulation cells (individually and / or collectively ) that provide a through-focus light distribution that provides an expanded depth of focus and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method

[0047] The present disclosure is at least in part an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells located on one or more zones on the base lens wherein the size, spacing between cells, sagittal height, curvature, power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens, and the geometric fill factor result in a result for light passing through one or more light modulation cell zones, and the through-focus light distribution of the incident light has a ratio of light directed to the image plane, a ratio of light that is myopic defocused with respect to the image plane, and a ratio of light that is hyperopic defocused with respect to the image plane and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method wherein the size, spacing between cells, sagittal height, curvature, power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens, and the geometric fill factor result in

[0048] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells (individually and / or collectively) disposed on one or more zones on the base lens to provide a through-focus light distribution that is directed to the image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane for light passing through one or more light modulation cell zones and is directed towards an ophthalmic lens and / or method wherein the size, spacing between cells, sagittal height, curvature, power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens, and the geometric fill factor result in a through-focus light distribution that is directed to the image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane for light passing through one or more light modulation cell zones

[0049] The present disclosure is at least in part directed to a base lens and a relatively positive lens relative to the base lens and one or more light modulation cells disposed in one or more zones on the base lens, to produce a through-focus light distribution directed to an image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane for light passing through one or more light modulation cell zones, for an ophthalmic lens and / or method.

[0050] The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an ophthalmic lens and / or method that utilizes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells disposed in one or more zones on the base lens that are relatively positive with respect to the base lens, to produce a through-focus light distribution directed to an image plane and one or more planes in front of the image plane for light passing through one or more light modulation cell zones.

[0051] The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an ophthalmic lens and method that utilizes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells that are relatively negative with respect to the base lens to produce a through-focus light distribution directed to an image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane.

[0052] The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an ophthalmic lens and method that utilizes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells that are relatively negative with respect to the base lens to produce a through-focus light distribution (individually and / or collectively) directed to an image plane and one or more planes behind the image plane.

[0053] Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the detailed description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Aspects of the embodiments described in this specification, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will be readily understood from the following detailed description.

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Figure 45

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0100] (Detailed Description) The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. For the sake of simplicity of the present disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not itself determine the relationships between the various embodiments and / or configurations being discussed.

[0101] The headings of the subject matter used in the detailed description are included for ease of reference by the reader and should not be used to limit the subject matter seen throughout the present disclosure or the claims. The headings of the subject matter are not to be used when interpreting the scope of the claims or the limitations of the claims.

[0102] The term "about" used in the present disclosure is understood to be interchangeable with the terms "approximately" or "substantially".

[0103] The term "comprising" and its derivatives (e.g., comprises, comprising) used in the present disclosure are considered to include the features it mentions and do not mean to exclude the presence of additional features, unless otherwise specified or implied.

[0104] The term "myopia" or "myopic" used in the present disclosure refers to an eye with a refractive disorder that is already myopic, is pre - myopic, or is progressing towards myopia.​​​ is intended to.

[0105] As used herein, the term "stop signal" refers to an optical signal that may facilitate slowing, stopping, reversing, preventing, or suppressing eye growth and / or refractive disorders of the eye.

[0106] As used herein, the term "ophthalmic lens" is intended to include one or more of spectacle lenses or contact lenses. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a base lens. Also, it may include one or more of a film, or sheet, or coating that is designed to be affixed to, adhered to, or used in combination with the base lens.

[0107] As used herein, the term "spectacle lens" is intended to include lens blanks, semi-finished products, finished products, or substantially finished spectacle lenses.

[0108] As used herein, the term "light modulation cell" refers to an optical element of a refractive or diffractive type, or a combination of refractive and diffractive types (e.g., lenslets, refractive lenses, Fresnel lenses, or diffractive eschets, diffraction gratings, diffraction annuli, or amplitude masks, binary amplitude masks, phase masks, kinoform, binary phase masks, etc., such as phase modulation masks, or phase-changing surfaces such as metasurfaces or nanostructures, etc.), which may be circular, elliptical, semi-circular, hexagonal, square, cylindrical, or other suitable shapes (or may be such shapes). The light modulation cell may be spherical, aspherical, multifocal, or prismatic, and the The diameter may be in the range of from about 20 μm to about 3 mm (e.g., about 20 μm, about 50 μm, about 75 μm, about 100 μm, about 200 μm, about 250 μm, about 300 μm, about 400 μm, about 500 μm, about 600 μm, about 700 μm, about 750 μm, about 800 μm, about 900 μm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, and / or about 3 mm). The optical modulation cell may have zero power, or may not have power, or may have positive power or negative power, and / or may have multiple powers. The optical modulation cell may have one focal length, or may have one or more focal lengths. The shape (or surface shape) of the optical modulation cell may be convex, flat (e.g., flat or substantially flat), concave, or a suitable combination of shapes. The optical modulation cell may have low-order aberrations (astigmatism). The optical modulation cell may have an axis of astigmatism arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may have one or a combination of higher-order aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, and tetrafoil. The optical modulation cell may have an axis or meridian of non-rotational higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil, tetrafoil, etc.) arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may be composed of, for example, the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the base lens as the base material of the ophthalmic lens, or the material and / or refractive index may be different from that of the base material of the ophthalmic lens. The optical modulation cell may be subtractive. The optical modulation cell may have low-order aberrations (astigmatism). The optical modulation cell may have an axis of astigmatism arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may have one or a combination of higher-order aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, and tetrafoil. The optical modulation cell may have an axis or meridian of non-rotational higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil, tetrafoil, etc.) arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may be composed of, for example, the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the base lens as the base material of the ophthalmic lens, or the material and / or refractive index may be different from that of the base material of the ophthalmic lens. The optical modulation cell may be subtractive. The optical modulation cell may have low-order aberrations (astigmatism). The optical modulation cell may have an axis of astigmatism arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may have one or a combination of higher-order aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, and tetrafoil. The optical modulation cell may have an axis or meridian of non-rotational higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil, tetrafoil, etc.) arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, radially, circumferentially, and / or randomly, quasirandomly, and / or pseudorandomly. The optical modulation cell may be composed of, for example, the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the base lens as the base material of the ophthalmic lens, or the material and / or refractive index may be different from that of the base material of the ophthalmic lens. The optical modulation cell may be subtractive. The optical modulation cell may be composed of, for example, the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the base lens as the base material of the ophthalmic lens, or the material and / or refractive index may be different from that of the base material of the ophthalmic lens. The optical modulation cell may be subtractive. The optical modulation cell may be composed of, for example, the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the base lens as the base material of the ophthalmic lens, or the material and / or refractive index may be different from that of the base material of the ophthalmic lens. The optical modulation cell may be subtractive. Alternatively, in a local lens material change process, a laser such as a femtosecond laser may be used. Alternatively, a plurality of light modulation cells may be formed in combination with a mask to increase the production efficiency of the light modulation cells. The light modulation cells may be formed or attached to either or both of the front and back surfaces of the base lens, embedded in the base lens, or composed of a combination thereof (e.g., one or more light modulation cells embedded in the base lens and one or more light modulation cells formed on one or more surfaces). The light modulation cells may be formed as part of a coating on the lens surface or transferred to the surface as part of the lens manufacturing process (e.g., the molding process). The light modulation cells may have aberrations, and for example, an aspherical surface may be used for part or all of the light modulation cells to introduce power variations, such as spherical aberration or other suitable optical aberrations, across the entire light modulation cell. The power of the light modulation cell may be determined using established techniques and / or procedures used for measuring refractive power, or calculated based on the refractive index, thickness, curvature, or a combination thereof of the material used, or calculated using other suitable material properties.

[0109] The term "multifocal" light modulation cell as used in this disclosure means a light modulation cell having multiple focal lengths and / or powers. It may also mean a cylindrical or astigmatic or toric light modulation cell. In some embodiments, the multifocal light modulation cell may be referred to as a variable power light modulation cell.

[0110] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single - focus ophthalmic lens and a myopic eye corrected with the spectacle lens.​​​​​​​​​​​​​ As shown, an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) is placed in front of the eye and affects the vision of the eye. In FIG. 1, the ophthalmic lens 1 (1a is a side view and 1b is a front view) has a substantially uniform power, and as can be observed in the side view of the lens 1, the light passing through the ophthalmic lens 1 (e.g., a spectacle lens) is focused on a single image plane at or near the fovea of the eye.

[0111] Considering the image of the natural scene in front of the eye, the scene typically consists of in-focus elements and elements with myopic and hyperopic defocus. The range and size of such in-focus and out-of-focus elements vary from scene to scene. Therefore, in the eye, regions or portions of the retina may be exposed to competing optical signals resulting from in-focus and out-of-focus images. The out-of-focus images can be not only myopic defocus but also hyperopic defocus. In animal models, such competing focus / defocus signals may affect the eye's development towards emmetropia, as introducing myopic or hyperopic defocus can sometimes inhibit emmetropization. Similarly, correcting myopia with a device having an ophthalmic lens of uniform power may not be able to slow down the growth of the eye. Therefore, by incorporating elements that direct light to multiple surfaces, it is possible to create competing signals at the retina that could serve as a cue to slow down and / or arrest the growth of the eye. Similarly, even when correcting myopia with a device having an ophthalmic lens of uniform power, it may not be possible to slow down the growth of the eye. Therefore, by incorporating elements that direct light to multiple surfaces, it is possible to create competing signals at the retina that could serve as a cue to slow down and / or arrest the growth of the eye. Therefore, by incorporating elements that direct light to multiple surfaces, it is possible to create competing signals at the retina that could serve as a cue to slow down and / or arrest the growth of the eye. Therefore, by incorporating elements that direct light to multiple surfaces, it is possible to create competing signals at the retina that could serve as a cue to slow down and / or arrest the growth of the eye.

[0112] Accordingly, by directing light to multiple surfaces, it is necessary to provide competing defocus signals at the retina and signals that slow down and / or stop the growth of the eye. Some ​In some embodiments, by attenuating the intensity of an in-focus image compared to the surroundings, these results may desirably be achieved. In such situations, for some of the viewing directions of the eye when using the ophthalmic lens, it may be desirable for incident light to be directed to multiple surfaces of the retina.

[0113] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens and / or the method described herein is capable of directing light to multiple surfaces for all or a substantial proportion of the viewing directions of the eye when the ophthalmic lens is used by a human eye. In some embodiments, a substantial proportion of any viewing direction of the eye includes at least 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% of the viewing position of the eye when the ophthalmic lens is used by a human eye.

[0114] Base lens of the ophthalmic lens Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulation cell incorporated on the base lens, according to some embodiments described herein, and an eye corrected with the ophthalmic lens. In Figure 2, the ophthalmic lens 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) (2a is a side view, 2b is a front view) comprises a plurality of light modulation cells 2f formed on or embedded in the surface of the lens. The ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) has three optical zones: a central optical zone 2c, an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d, and a peripheral optical zone 2e. In some embodiments, the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) may have one or more of these three zones. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens

[0115] In some embodiments, the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) may have one or more of these three zones. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may have one or more of these three zones. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens ​​、attached to, or applied to, one or more surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, or mounted on the front and / or rear surfaces of, and / or embedded in, a base lens A sheet, or film, or coating may be incorporated. In some embodiments The central optical zone of the ophthalmic lens may be circular and have a radius in the range of about 1.5 mm to 5 mm In some embodiments, the central optical zone may exhibit a non-circular shape. In some Embodiments, the optical zone may be in an elliptical or square shape, or other suitable shape In some embodiments, the central optical zone may be offset from the central axis or optical axis of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the intermediate peripheral optical zone May be in an annular shape, or other suitable shape, and may have an inner radius of about 15 mm and An outer radius of about 15 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral optical zone may be in an annular[[ID=]17] Shape, or other suitable shape, and may have an inner radius of about 10 mm and an outer radius of about 30 mm In some embodiments, the base material of the base lens may be composed of a transparent or at least Substantially transparent material. In some embodiments, the base lens may have a uniform power throughout the lens Or may have different powers throughout the lens. In some embodiments, the peripheral optical zone of the base lens May have a more positive power compared to the central and / or intermediate peripheral optical zones. In some Embodiments, the peripheral optical zone and the intermediate peripheral optical zone of the base lens may have a more positive power Compared to the central optical zone. In some embodiments, the base The peripheral optical zone and the intermediate peripheral optical zone of the lens may have a more positive power Compared to the central optical zone. In some embodiments, the base The peripheral optical zone of the lens may have a more negative power compared to the central and / or intermediate peripheral optical zones. In some embodiments, the increase in positive power from the center to the intermediate periphery and / or to the peripheral zone may be stepwise, or may increase gradually in a monotonic or non-monotonic fashion. In some embodiments, the increase in negative power from the center to the intermediate periphery and / or to the peripheral zone may be stepwise, or may increase gradually in a monotonic or non-monotonic fashion. In some embodiments, the change in power from the central zone to the peripheral zone may occur across the entire base lens (or substantially the entire lens), or may be applied to a particular region or quadrant or section of the lens. In some embodiments, the base lens of the ophthalmic lens may incorporate a filter, or may incorporate a phase-changing mask such as an amplitude mask. In some embodiments, the filter may be applied across the entire base lens, or may be applied to a selected region or quadrant or section of the lens. In some embodiments, the phase-changing mask may be applied across the entire base lens, or may be applied to a selected region or quadrant or section of the lens. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens and / or method described herein utilize a combination of a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells such that when the ophthalmic lens is used by a human eye, light can be

[0116] Light modulation cell [[ID=3I]] directed to multiple planes for all or a significant portion of the eye's line of sight. The light modulation cells may be present throughout the lens, or in selected regions of the lens It may be present in one or more zones (regions or areas) (which may be referred to as light modulation zones or processing zones). In some embodiments, the central zone of the ophthalmic lens may be lacking in light modulation cells, for example, to enable a clear field of view for distant vision. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may comprise a base lens having one or more powers and a plurality of light modulation cells in the lens as a whole or in one or more light modulation zones. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may comprise a base lens having one or more powers, a plurality of light modulation cells, and an envelope zone surrounding the light modulation cells. In some other embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may comprise a base lens having one or more powers, one or more concentric rings or annular zones having one or more powers, or at least a part of a ring or annular zone, and a plurality of light modulation cells. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may comprise a base lens having a phase change mask and a plurality of light modulation cells in one or more light modulation zones. In some embodiments, the plurality of light modulation cells may be arranged regularly or irregularly on the base lens, or may be separated from each other, in contact with each other, overlapping, or overlapping. One or more light modulation cells may be individually arranged or packed on the base lens of the spectacle lens, or may be packed in an array, arrangement, or aggregate, stack, cluster, or other suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters

[0117] In some embodiments, the plurality of light modulation cells may be arranged regularly or irregularly on the base lens, or may be separated from each other, in contact with each other, overlapping, or overlapping. One or more light modulation cells may be individually arranged or packed on the base lens of the spectacle lens, or may be packed in an array, arrangement, or aggregate, stack, cluster, or other suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters may be arranged or packed on the base lens of the spectacle lens individually, or may be packed in an array, arrangement, or aggregate, stack, cluster, or other suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters may be arranged or packed on the base lens of the spectacle lens individually, or may be packed in an array, arrangement, or aggregate, stack, cluster, or other suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters 、stack, cluster, or other suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters or stacks of clusters may be arranged or packed in any suitable packing arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulation cells or arrays, aggregates, arrays, clusters Locks (e.g., combined continuous cells, and / or cells that interact or otherwise depend on each other) can be square, hexagonal, circular, diamond, concentric circles, non-concentric circles , spiral, incomplete loops, rotationally symmetric, rotationally asymmetric, or any other suitable arrangement ( e.g., a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagonal, or other suitable arrangement, or any non-repeating or random arrangement) and can be arranged on the base lens, and can be centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens. In some embodiments, the geometric center of an individual light modulation cell may coincide with the geometric center of an array of light modulation cells. In some embodiments, the geometric center of an individual light modulation cell may not coincide with the geometric center of an array of light modulation cells. In some embodiments, the geometric center of an individual light modulation cell or the geometric center of an array of light modulation cells is offset from the center of the base lens. In some embodiments, the geometric center of an array of light modulation cells coincides with the optical or geometric center of the base lens, and the individual light modulation cells may be offset from the geometric center of the array. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more light modulation cells in the central optical zone is between about 2 0 μm and about 400 μm (e.g., about 20 - 60 μm, 40 - 80 μm, 60 - 100 μm, 80 - 120 μm, 10 0 - 140 μm, 120 - 160 μm, 140 - 180 μm, 160 - 200 μm, 180 - 220 μm, 200 - 240 μm, 220

[0118] ~ 260 μm, 240 - 280 μm, 260 - 300 μm, 280 - 320 μm, 300 - 340 μm, 320 - 360 μm, 340 - 380 μm, 360 - 400 μm). 380 μm, 360 - 400 μm). 380 μm, 360 - 400 μm). 380 μm, 360 - 400 μm, 20 - 100 μm, 100 - 200 μm, 200 - 300 μm, 300 - 400 μm), and it may be. In some embodiments, one or more light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone The diameter is between about 20 μm and about 1.5 mm (e.g., about 20 - 100 μm, 100 - 200 μm, 200 - 300 μm, 300 - 400 μm, 400 - 500 μm, 500 - 600 μm, 600 - 700 μm, 700 - 800 μm, 800 - 900 μm, 90 0 μm - 1 mm, 1 - 1.1 mm, 1.1 - 1.2 mm, 1.2 - 1.3 mm, 1.3 - 1.4 mm, 1.4 - 1.5 mm, 1 - 1.5 mm, 5 00 μm - 1 mm, between 100 - 500 μm) may also be. In some embodiments, the light modulation cell in the peripheral optical zone The diameter is between about 20 μm and about 3 mm (e.g., about 20 - 100 μm, 100 - 200 μm, 200 - 300 μm, 300 - 400 μm, 400 - 500 μm, 500 - 600 μm, 600 - 700 μm, 700 - 800 μm, 800 - 900 μm, 900 μm - 1 mm, 1 - 1.1 mm, 1.1 - 1.2 mm, 1.2 - 1.3 mm, 1.3 - 1.4 mm, 1.4 - 1.5 mm, 1.5 - 1.6 mm, 1.6 - 1.7 mm, 1.7 - 1.8 mm, 1.8 - 1.9 mm, 1.9 - 2 mm, 2 - 2.1 mm, 2.1 - 2.2 mm, 2.2 - 2.3 mm, 2.3 - 2.4 mm, 2.4 - 2.5 mm, 2.5 - 2.6 mm, 2.6 - 2.7 mm, 2.7 - 2.8 mm, 2.8 - 2.9 mm, between 2.9 - 3 mm) may also be. In some embodiments, the ratio of the longest meridian or axis length (x) to the shortest meridian or axis length (y) of the light modulation cell is about 1.1 , about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9, and about 2.0, and may also be Good. In some embodiments, the diameters of the plurality of light modulation cells in a particular optical zone may be the same or substantially the same. In some embodiments, the diameters of the plurality of light modulation cells in a particular optical zone may vary within the ranges described above. In some embodiments the sagittal depth of the light modulation lens may be from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, from about 20 nm to about 50 μm from about 20 nm to about 40 μm, from about 20 nm to about 30 μm, from about 20 nm to about 20 μm, from about 20 nm to about 10 μm, and may vary as such. In some embodiments, the sagittal difference of the light modulation cell with respect to the base lens, i.e., the difference in height from either the extension line or the depression of the base lens, may be from about +20 nm to about +50 μ m, +20 nm to about +40 μm, +20 nm to about +30 μm, +20 nm to about +20 μm, +20 nm to about +10 μm, +20 nm to about +5 μm, -20 nm to about -50 μm, -20 nm to about -40 μm, -20 nm to about -30 μm, -20 nm to about -20 μm, -20 nm to about -10 μm, -20 nm to about -5 μm, and may be such.

[0119] FIG. 3 shows some examples of possible power profiles of exemplary refractive light modulation cells (including, for example, multifocal light modulation cells). As shown in Example 3a, the light modulation cell may be composed of two zones (e.g., Z1 and Z2), or as shown in 3b it may be composed of an annular zone (e.g., a central zone Z4 surrounded by annular zones Z3 and Z5), or as shown in Example 3c, it may be a toric or astigmatic light modulation cell ( for example, Z6 means the horizontal meridian and Z7 means the vertical meridian). Also it may be, as shown in Example 3c, a toric or astigmatic light modulation cell (e.g., Z6 means the horizontal meridian and Z7 means the vertical meridian). Also for example, Z6 means the horizontal meridian and Z7 means the vertical meridian). Also , other suitable arrangements are also possible (e.g., an optical modulation cell having one zone or three or more zones). As shown, the distribution of power across the optical modulation cell may be substantially uniform or may vary across the optical modulation cell. In some embodiments of the toric / astigmatic optical modulation cell, the meridian axis may be in a vertical / horizontal or diagonal direction as well. In some embodiments of the toric / astigmatic optical modulation cell, the power along the sagittal and tangential meridians may not be uniform. In some embodiments, the optical modulation cell may have substantially positive power, may have substantially negative power, and / or may be a combination of positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an optical modulation cell having substantially positive power may have a uniform power for directing light to a single focus or may have a variable power (multifocal ) for directing light to be focused on multiple surfaces. In some embodiments, an optical modulation cell having substantially negative power may have a uniform (e.g., substantially uniform) power for directing light to a single focus or may have a variable power (multifocal ) for directing light to be focused on multiple surfaces. In some embodiments, the optical modulation cell may be arranged such that any of the principal meridians or axes or the longest meridian of the optical modulation cell are parallel to each other, arranged radially, circumferentially, or may be arranged in any suitable geometric arrangement such as, for example, a triangular arrangement, a square, a rectangle, a hexagon , etc. In some embodiments , the optical modulation cell may have spherical aberration, coma, trefoil may have one or more combinations of higher-order aberrations such as tetrafoils. In some embodiments, the light modulation cell with an extended depth of focus may incorporate at least two primary aberrations and at least two secondary aberrations. In some embodiments, the image quality of the extended focal point may be about 0.4 or more (e.g., 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, etc.), or may be smaller than the difference in image quality between two focal points defocused by 0.50D.

[0120] FIG. 4 shows some possible surface shapes for the light modulation cells 3a and 3b illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0121] In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens is from about -3D to about +3D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D) in the central optical zone. In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulation cells on the ophthalmic lens is from about -3D to +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2. 5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) in the intermediate peripheral optical zone. In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens is from about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) in the peripheral optical zone. In some embodiments, one or more The power of the upper multifocal light modulation cell is from about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D , -1D, -0.5D, 0.00, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) and may include a plurality of powers within the range.

[0122] In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens is the central light In the academic zone, it may be in the range of about -3D to about +3D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D). In some embodiments , the power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens is, in the intermediate peripheral optical zone, about - 3D to +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D , +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) and may be in the range. In some embodiments In, the power of one or more light modulation cells on the base lens is, in the peripheral optical zone, about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D , +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) and may be in the range. In some embodiments In, the power of one or more multifocal light modulation cells is from about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, - 2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, 0.00, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4. 5D, +5D) and may include a plurality of powers within the range.

[0123] In some embodiments, the optical modulation cell may include an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a phase change mask such as a kinoform or a binary phase mask, or a phase change mask such as a metasurface or a nano structure. FIG. 5 shows some examples of an optical modulation cell in which the phase of light is modulated. Considering examples of the optical modulation cell, the outer region of the optical modulation cell (5d) represents a region where the phase of light is modulated, for example, by π / 2, π, 3π / 2, or between 0 and π / 2, between π / 2 and π, between π and 3π / 2, or between 3π / 2 and 2π. The inner white circle (5e ) represents a second region of the optical modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first region. The middle gray circle (5f) represents a third region of the optical modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first or second region.

[0124] In some embodiments, based on the orientation on the base lens and the incorporation of one or more other functions having a filter such as a phase change mask, an optical modulation cell having a refractive power may selectively transmit incident light in the range of about 100% to about 30%, about 100% to about 40%, about 100% to about 50%, about 100% to about 60%, about 100% to about 70%, about 100% to about 80%, about 100% to about 90%, about 90% to about 50%, greater than about 50%, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the light transmission region of the optical modulation cell may be the entire optical modulation cell, or a selected portion or region of the optical modulation cell.

[0125] Ru may be distributed across all zones of the base lens described in this specification, or may be distributed across one or more zones (light modulation zones or processing zones) of the base lens. In some embodiments, the light modulation cells may be distributed only across the central zone (6a ), only across the intermediate peripheral zone (6b), only across the peripheral zone (6c), only across the central and intermediate peripheral zones (6e), only across the intermediate peripheral and peripheral zones (6f ), or only across the central and peripheral zones (6g). In some embodiments, the light modulation cells may be distributed across all of one or more zones, or may be limited to quadrants or regions of the zones (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 6d and 6h), and the distribution may be asymmetric (6i). The size of the light modulation cells, the density per square mm, and the packing arrangement may be uniform between zones or may vary between zones. FIG. 6j shows an example where the density of the light modulation cells is higher in the peripheral zone compared to the intermediate peripheral zone. FIG. 6k shows an example where the light modulation cells are arranged in concentric circles, but the geometric centers (CR1, CR2) of the rings (R1, R2) do not coincide with each other or with the geometric center (G1) of the base lens. FIG. 6l shows an example where the light modulation cells are arranged in a spiral, and the last light modulation cell of the first circle is not aligned with the first modulation cell of the first loop. In other embodiments, the light modulation may be a spiral arrangement having a plurality of loops where the last modulation cell of the first circle is not aligned with the first cell of the first loop, the first cell of the second loop, the first cell of the third loop, etc.

[0126] In some embodiments, the light modulation cells distributed across the entire surface area of the base lens or across one or more zones of the base lens may have refractive power, and may consist of only light modulation cells having substantially negative power, only light modulation cells having substantially positive power, only light modulation cells having substantially negative power of one or more powers, light modulation cells having substantially positive power of one or more powers, only substantially multifocal light modulation cells, a combination of one or more powers of light modulation cells having substantially negative power and multifocal light modulation cells, a combination of one or more powers of light modulation cells having substantially positive power and multifocal light modulation cells, a combination of one or more powers of light modulation cells having substantially positive power and one or more powers of light modulation cells having substantially negative power, or a combination of light modulation cells having substantially positive power, light modulation cells having negative power, and multifocal light modulation cells. In some embodiments, for each of one or more zones of the base lens, the distribution (e.g., the ratio of the number of light modulation cells having negative power to the number of light modulation cells having positive power) of light modulation cells having substantially negative power of one or more powers and light modulation cells having substantially positive power of one or more powers may be about 100 / 0, 95 / 5, 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100. In some embodiments, the distribution of light modulation cells having substantially negative power and multifocal light modulation cells across one or more zones of the base lens (e.g.,

[0127] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​then, the ratio of the number of light modulation cells with negative power to the number of multi-focus light modulation cells) may be about 100 / 0, 95 / 5, 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65 , 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100. In some embodiments, the distribution of light modulation cells with substantially positive power (e.g., the ratio of the number of light modulation cells with positive power to the number of multi-focus light modulation cells) over one or more zones of the base lens may be about 95 / 5, 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, 0 / 100, and so on. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially positive light modulation cells, substantially negative light modulation cells, and multi-focus light modulation cells (e.g., the ratio of the number of positive light modulation cells to the number of negative light modulation cells to the number of multi-focus light modulation cells) over one or more zones of the base lens may change in equal proportions or may be uneven. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially positive light modulation cells, substantially negative light modulation cells, multi-focus light modulation cells, and light modulation cells having a phase change mask (e.g., the ratio of the number of positive light modulation cells to the number of negative light modulation cells to the number of multi-focus light modulation cells) over one or more zones of the base lens may change in equal proportions or may be uneven. In some embodiments, the distribution of light modulation cells with negative power over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone, region, randomly scattered, cluster, star In some embodiments, the distribution of light modulation cells with negative power over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone, region, randomly scattered, cluster, star and may be uneven.

[0128] In some embodiments, the distribution of light modulation cells with negative power over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone, region, randomly scattered, cluster, star Hook, assembly, arranged in an array of two or more light modulation cells, or on a base lens It may be limited, such as being regularly arranged in. In some embodiments, the distribution of the positive power light modulation cells over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone , region, randomly scattered, cluster, stack, assembly, arranged in an array of two or more light modulation cells, or regularly arranged on a base lens, etc. In some embodiments, the distribution of the multifocal light modulation cells over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone , region, randomly scattered, cluster, stack, assembly, arranged in an array of two or more light modulation cells, or regularly arranged on a base lens, etc. In some embodiments, the distribution of the multifocal light modulation cells over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone , region, randomly scattered, cluster, stack, assembly, arranged in an array of two or more light modulation cells, or regularly arranged on a base lens, etc. In some embodiments, the distribution of the multifocal light modulation cells over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone , region, randomly scattered, cluster, stack, assembly, arranged in an array of two or more light modulation cells, or regularly arranged on a base lens, etc. In some embodiments, the distribution of the multifocal light modulation cells over one or more zones of the base lens is quadrant, zone , region, randomly scattered, in clusters of two or more light modulation cells, or regularly arranged on an ophthalmic lens, etc. It may be limited. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens can be characterized by having a filling rate. The filling rate (fill or fill factor) can be defined as the ratio of the area occupied by the light modulation cells to the total area of the region of the base lens filled with the light modulation cells. This region is also called the light modulation cell zone (e.g., excluding a specific central zone / region without light modulation cells). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction

[0129] Geometric fill factor / through-focus light distribution: In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens can be characterized by having a filling rate. The filling rate (fill or fill factor) can be defined as the ratio of the area occupied by the light modulation cells to the total area of the region of the base lens filled with the light modulation cells. This region is also called the light modulation cell zone (e.g., excluding a specific central zone / region without light modulation cells). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction is also called the light modulation cell zone (e.g., excluding a specific central zone / region without light modulation cells). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction / region). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction / region). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction / region). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction / region). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction / region). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician can use the geometric distribution or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and / or wearing comfort. For example, an ophthalmic lens incorporating positive power light modulation cells in a peripheral annular optical zone with a 25% geometric filling rate in a base lens with power will show the clinician that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is in the axial direction In contrast to being focused in front of the retinal surface to slow down eye growth, 75% of the light passing through the peripheral part of the lens can be concluded to be focused on the retinal surface to provide correction of refractive anomalies and good vision. In such a situation, if the progression of myopia is unexpectedly fast , the clinician may consider increasing the geometric filling factor of the light modulation cells with positive power to about 35%. However, the TFLD ( Through Focus Light Distribution) of the incident light entering the eye through the peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens does not always match the TFLD represented by the geometric filling factor . FIG. 7 is a table providing the geometric filling factor in a range of embodiments and the corresponding T FLD of the eye. As can be seen from the table, when the incident light is guided through the ophthalmic lens 1 (FIG. 7), the light modulation cells with positive power are expected to obtain light guided to the myopic defocus plane (i.e., relatively in front of the retinal surface or image plane corresponding to the base lens power) . However, due to the interaction resulting from the geometric characteristics of the base lens and the light modulation cells, including, for example, the spacing between cells, the diameter or size of the cells, the sagittal depth, the curvature or surface shape of the cells, the power or focal length of the cells, and / or other light modulation effects of the array, the light emerging from this array can be directed to multiple planes, such as the retinal surface or image plane, and further to one or both of myopic defocus (in front of the retinal surface or image plane) and hyperopic defocus (relatively behind the image plane). In the case of lens 1 in FIG. 7, the resulting light distribution in the peripheral zone is about 23.8% for myopic defocus (in front of the image plane), while 34.7% for hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane), indicating that more light is obtained. This is shown in FIG. 8 . For example, the spacing between cells, the diameter or size of the cells, the sagittal depth, the curvature or surface shape of the cells, the power or focal length of the cells, and / or other light modulation effects of the array, the light emerging from this array can be directed to multiple planes, such as the retinal surface or image plane, and further to one or both of myopic defocus (in front of the retinal surface or image plane) and hyperopic defocus (relatively behind the image plane). In the case of lens 1 in FIG. 7, the resulting light distribution in the peripheral zone is about 23.8% for myopic defocus (in front of the image plane), while 34.7% for hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane), indicating that more light is obtained. This is shown in FIG. 8 . For example, the spacing between cells, the diameter or size of the cells, the sagittal depth, the curvature or surface shape of the cells, the power or focal length of the cells, and / or other light modulation effects of the array, the light emerging from this array can be directed to multiple planes, such as the retinal surface or image plane, and further to one or both of myopic defocus (in front of the retinal surface or image plane) and hyperopic defocus (relatively behind the image plane). In the case of lens 1 in FIG. 7, the resulting light distribution in the peripheral zone is about 23.8% for myopic defocus (in front of the image plane), while 34.7% for hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane), indicating that more light is obtained. This is shown in FIG. 8 Further illustrated, the light emerging from the array from the light modulation zone on the ophthalmic lens is directed to the retinal image plane (C) (in the case of a single lens, the image plane corresponding to the base lens power), and is also directed to a plurality of planes (A and A') of myopic defocus and to a plurality of planes (B and B') of hyperopic defocus. It can be seen that

[0130] Some embodiments described herein include an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens and one or more light modulation zones having a plurality of light modulation cells, and may provide a method of TFLD extending across one or more image planes. Here, the light passing through the light modulation zone that can be adjusted to provide TFLD directed to one or more image planes has a large proportion of light that is myopically defocused with respect to the image plane, a large proportion of light that is hyperopically defocused with respect to the image plane, and is evenly distributed between myopic defocus and hyperopic defocus, and all light directed in front of the image plane, all light directed behind the image plane, etc. In some embodiments, the surface geometry characteristics of the ophthalmic lens may provide a method including the geometric filling rate of the light modulation cells. Some embodiments described herein relate to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a base power for directing light to a first image plane and one or more light modulation zones having a plurality of light modulation cells adjacent to (but not underlying) the light modulation cells, where a portion of the base power interacts to direct light to an image plane other than the first image plane. In some embodiments, the image plane that is not on the first image plane is in the same direction as the direction of the light guided by the light modulation cells, and in other embodiments, it is in the direction opposite to the direction of the light guided by the light modulation cells.

[0131] ​​​​​​​​​​​​In some embodiments, an eye having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells The lens for use preferably provides a TFLD of light passing through the light modulation zone. Here, the ratio of the light distributed in myopic defocus to that in hyperopic defocus when compared may be about <1.0 about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3, about <0.2, about <0. 1.

[0132] In some embodiments, an eye having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells The lens for use preferably provides a TFLD of light passing through the light modulation zone. Here, the ratio of the light distributed in myopic defocus to that in hyperopic defocus when compared may be about >1.0 about >1.1, about >1.2, about >1.3, about >1.4, about >1.5, about >1.6, about >1.7, about >1.8, about >1. 9.

[0133] In some embodiments, an eye having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells The lens for use may preferably provide a TFLD for light passing through a light modulation zone having substantially no hyperopic defocus. In some embodiments, an eye lens having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells may preferably provide a TFLD for light passing through a light modulation zone having substantially no myopic defocus.

[0134] In some embodiments, an eye having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells The lens for use may preferably provide a TFLD of light passing through the light modulation zone. Here Here, the proportion of light guided to the image plane in myopic defocus is about 15% to about 80%, about 15% to about 75%, About 15% to about 70%, about 15% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about 25% to about 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 5 0%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, preferably > 25%, preferably > 30%, preferably > 35 %.

[0135] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells may desirably provide a TFLD of light passing through the light modulation zone. Here, the proportion of light directed to the image plane with myopic defocus is about 15% to about 80%, about 15% to about 75%, about 15% to about 70%, about 15% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about 25% to about 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 5 0%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, preferably > 25%, preferably > 30%, preferably > 35 %.

[0136] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone incorporating one or more light modulation cells may desirably provide a TFLD of light passing through the light modulation zone. Here, the difference in the proportion of light directed to the image plane for myopic defocus and the image plane for hyperopic defocus is about 20 to 80%, about 20% to 75%, about 20% to 70%, about 20% to 65%, about 20% to 60%, about 20 to 55%, about 20% to 50%, about 20% to 45%, about 20% to 40% of the total TFLD.

[0137] Figure 9 is a diagram showing the sagittal and tangential power distributions of an ophthalmic lens (lens 1 of FIG. 7) having a plano power base lens with a clear central zone. In the peripheral zone, there are multiple light modulation cells with a power of plus (+3.50 D), and the geometric filling of the peripheral zone is shown. of the peripheral zone is shown. ​​​The filling rate is 58%. Due to the interaction caused by the geometric characteristics of the base lens and the light modulation cell (including the geometric filling rate), the resulting power map shows that both positive and negative power zones are formed on the lens. As can be seen from the cumulative light distribution, in the through focus light distribution, among the light rays passing through the peripheral zone, 23.8% of the light is in front of the image plane, that is myopic defocus, while 34.7% of the light is behind the image plane, that is hyperopic defocus , and it can be seen that the remaining 41.5% is at the image plane. Furthermore, the peak amplitude of myopic defocus is about 3.5D, and it can be seen that the peak amplitude of myopic defocus is larger than that of hyperopic defocus. The light modulation cells are arranged at intervals of 1.5 mm with a diameter of 1 mm .

[0138] Therefore, in some embodiments, in order to achieve the desired TFLD, the geometric filling rate of the light modulation cells with respect to the total surface area of the light modulation zone on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (for example , the ratio of the total surface area of the light modulation cells to the total surface area of the ophthalmic lens) may be about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, , about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 7 5%, about 80%, or about 85%, and may be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15% , at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85%, or 5 - 15%, 20 - 30 %, 35 - 45%, 50 - 60%, 65 - 75%, or 80 - 85%. between %, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85% In some embodiments, the light modulating zone may be present only in the central region of the lens, only in the intermediate peripheral annular region, only in the peripheral annular region, in both the intermediate peripheral region and the peripheral region, throughout the lens surface area, in specific quadrants (e.g., one or more of the nasal, temporal, inferior, and / or superior quadrants) only be limited to, limited to specific segments, or also limited to specific regions as well.

[0139] In some embodiments, to achieve a desired TFLD, the inter - cell spacing (i.e., the spacing between the light modulating cells) may be greater than, equal to, less than, or also vary the spacing compared to the diameter of the light modulating cell. In some embodiments, the inter - cell spacing may include a mask, an opaque region, or means for reducing transmittance. In some embodiments, to achieve a desired TFLD, the light modulating cells in a particular array, or arrangement, or cluster, or stack or assembly may have a constant inter - cell spacing between all cells, variable between all cells, or be arranged such that the spacing is constant for some cells and variable for some cells.

[0140] FIG. 10 shows that the geometric fill factor of the light modulating cell zone is such that, by the light modulating cells, about 50% of the light is directed to the retinal image plane, about 25% of the light is directed to a plane in front of the retinal image plane (myopic defocus), and about 25% of the light is directed towards a plane behind the retinal image plane (hyperopic defocus). ​​An embodiment of the ophthalmic lens is shown. Considering the TFLD, there is a peak in the amplitude of light at the image plane C, a peak in the amplitude of light for myopic defocus (in front of the image plane) at A, and similarly a peak in the amplitude of light for hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane) at B. Further, light is also guided to a plurality of focal planes within the range of diopter A' between C and A, and to a plurality of focal planes within the range of diopter B' between C and B. There is, and there is a peak in the amplitude of light for myopic defocus (in front of the image plane) at A, and similarly it can be seen that there is a peak in the amplitude of light for hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane) at B. Furthermore, between C and A There are a plurality of focal planes within the range of diopter A', and light is also guided to a plurality of focal planes within the range of diopter B' between C and B.

[0141] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens including the light modulation cell is designed such that the peak amplitude of the defocus light in front of the image plane at A is substantially larger than, slightly larger than, substantially the same as, slightly smaller than, or substantially smaller than the amplitude of the defocus light behind the image plane at B, and has a geometric filling rate of the light modulation zone. substantially larger than, slightly larger than, substantially the same as, slightly smaller than, or substantially smaller than the amplitude of the defocus light behind the image plane at B, and has a geometric filling rate of the light modulation zone designed to be

[0142] In some embodiments, the distance of the peak amplitude A of the light guided in front of the image plane may be arranged at a position substantially closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude B of the light guided behind the image plane.

[0143] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens having the light modulation cell has a geometric filling rate in the light modulation zone designed such that the resulting TFLD has a peak in amplitude with respect to the light of myopic defocus A (in front of the image plane), and further, there may be light guided within the range of the surface (A') between A and the image plane C, and the amplitude of the light at one or more image planes of A' is substantially smaller than or slightly smaller than the amplitude at A. Similarly, in some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens having a light modulation cell in the light modulation zone is designed to have a geometric filling rate such that the TFLD has a peak in amplitude with respect to the light of hyperopic defocus B (behind the retina), and further there may be light guided within the range of A', and the amplitude of the light at one or more image planes of A' is substantially smaller than or slightly smaller than the amplitude at A. Similarly, in some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens having a light modulation cell in the light modulation zone is designed to have a geometric filling rate such that the TFLD has a peak in amplitude with respect to the light of hyperopic defocus B (behind the retina), and further ​​​​​​​​ There may be light guided to the range of the surface (B’) between B and C, and the amplitude at one or more image planes of B’ is substantially smaller or slightly smaller than the amplitude at B. In some embodiments, the light provides defocus peak amplitudes at A and B, and is further guided to a band of multiple focal planes that provides near visibility defocus only at A’, while there is no focal plane at B’ (FIG. 11). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’, B’, or both may form a discontinuous distribution of defocus at intervals of at least about 0.05D or more, about 0.125D or more, about 0.25D or more, about 0.37D or more, about 0.50D or more (A’ in FIG. 13). In some embodiments, the TFLD may form an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least partially myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both. In some embodiments, the amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light at A' or B' may be at least about 20% of the TFLD, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 40%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20%. There may be light guided to the range of the surface (B’) between B and C, and the amplitude at one or more image planes of B’ is substantially smaller or slightly smaller than the amplitude at B. In some embodiments, the light provides defocus peak amplitudes at A and B, and is further guided to a band of multiple focal planes that provides near visibility defocus only at A’, while there is no focal plane at B’ (FIG. 11). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’, B’, or both may form a discontinuous distribution of defocus at intervals of at least about 0.05D or more, about 0.125D or more, about 0.25D or more, about 0.37D or more, about 0.50D or more (A’ in FIG. 13). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’ or B’ can form a band of multiple focal planes in discrete steps, such as, for example, every 0.05D or more, or every 0.125D or more, or every 0.25D or more at A’, while there is only a partial band of multiple focal planes at B’ (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’, B’, or both may form a discontinuous distribution of defocus at intervals of at least about 0.05D or more, about 0.125D or more, about 0.25D or more, about 0.37D or more, about 0.50D or more (A’ in FIG. 13). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’, B’, or both may form a discontinuous distribution of defocus at intervals of at least about 0.05D or more, about 0.125D or more, about 0.25D or more, about 0.37D or more, about 0.50D or more (A’ in FIG. 13). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the defocus of the TFLD at A’, B’, or both may form a discontinuous distribution of defocus at intervals of at least about 0.05D or more, about 0.125D or more, about 0.25D or more, about 0.37D or more, about 0.50D or more (A’ in FIG. 13).

[0144] In some embodiments, the TFLD may form an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least partially myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both. In some embodiments, the TFLD may form an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least partially myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both. In some embodiments, the TFLD may form an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least partially myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both.

[0145] In some embodiments, the amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light at A' or B' may be at least about 20% of the TFLD, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 40%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20%. In some embodiments, the amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light at A' or B' may be at least about 20% of the TFLD, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 40%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20%. In some embodiments, the amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light at A' or B' may be at least about 20% of the TFLD, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 40%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20%. It may also be. In some embodiments, the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front, or myopic defocus) may be about 50% of all the light guided in front of the retina plane, and may well be substantially >50%, somewhat >50%, or <50%. In some embodiments the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retina plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus) may be about 50% of the light guided behind the retina plane, and may well be substantially >50%, somewhat >50%, or <50%, and may be. In some embodiments, in front of the retina plane (or in front, or myopic defocus), and the amplitude of the TFLD within 1.00D of the retina plane may be about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30%, or about <50% of all the light in front of the retina plane. In some embodiments, behind the retina

[0146] plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus), and the amplitude of the TFLD within 1.00D of the retina plane may be about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30%, or about <50% of all the light behind the retina plane. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD may be within 1.00D of the retinal image plane or within 1.50D, and the amplitudes at B and B' may be about zero, while, within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane, the amplitudes at A and A' may be made greater than zero. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD may be within 1.00D of the retinal image plane, or within 1 .50D, and the amplitudes at A and A' may be about zero, while, within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane, the amplitudes at B and B' may be made greater than zero.

[0147] ​​​In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD at a certain focus can be changed by the arrangement of the optical modulation cells on the base lens. In one embodiment, two or more optical modulation cells can be arranged dependently to change the amplitude of the TFLD at a predetermined focus or focal plane. For example, in FIG. 14a, two optical modulation cells are arranged dependently so as to share a common focus, and as a result, a constant focus amplitude is obtained. The sum of the light intensities at the common focus (Focus 1 and Focus 2) is greater than the light intensity at Focus 1 alone or the light intensity at Focus 2 alone. When one of a pair of optical modulation cells is changed or covered (FIG. 14b), the amplitude or intensity of the light at the common focus decreases. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia, without including a refractive element having a negative power in the geometric fill factor. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia, without including a refractive cell having a positive power in the geometric fill factor. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating an optical modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD having light guided to the image planes of defocus for both myopia and hyperopia. Here, the geometric fill factor substantially does not include an optical modulation cell having a positive or negative power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a positive power, or includes only a refractive optical modulation cell having a negative power, or includes both refractive optical modulation cells having positive and negative powers. Or, it only includes a light modulation cell having substantially zero power, or only includes a light modulation cell having a diffraction cell or a phase shift mask. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation cell used for myopia suppression includes a light modulation cell with a geometric fill factor of zero refractive power, and can provide a TFLD that guides light to the image planes of substantially only myopic defocus, substantially only hyperopic defocus, or both myopic and hyperopic defocus. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD in which the image contrast on the retina plane is reduced by about 10% or more, about 20% or more, or about 30% or more. In some embodiments, an eyeglass lens incorporating a light modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD in which the light modulation cell may cause a diffusive blur (the difference between low-contrast VA and high-contrast VA) when viewed through the portion of the lens including the light modulation cell. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD in which the diffusive blur caused by the lens is about 0.07 logMAR or more, about 0.10 logMAR or more, about 0.15 logMAR or more, about 0.20 logMAR or more, or about 0.25 logMAR or more. (The difference between low-contrast VA and high-contrast VA). In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation cell used for myopia suppression can provide a TFLD in which the diffusive blur caused by the lens is about 0.07 logMAR or more, about 0.10 logMAR or more, about 0.15 logMAR or more, about 0.20 logMAR or more, or about 0.25 logMAR or more. can be provided.

[0148] The previous examples and descriptions have been limited to ophthalmic lenses for myopia suppression, but the operation of optical defocus can be easily applied to generate a desirable TFPD for other vision correction uses, vision assistance uses, or to improve general vision and visual quality such as presbyopia, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, visual fatigue, and night vision. can be easily applied to generate a desirable TFPD.

[0149] Exemplary ophthalmic lens FIG. 15 is a table showing in detail the distribution of exemplary refractive light modulation cells, the power of the light modulation cells, the distribution rate of the light modulation cells, the area of the zones filled with the light modulation cells, and the total filling rate of the light modulation cells described in FIGS. 16-30 (Examples 1-13). FIG. 16 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 16 shows the power map of the central zone and the intermediate peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) comprising a base lens or carrier lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens.

[0150] The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the far refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulation cells are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d (light modulation cell zone). As shown, the light modulation cells are circular and have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of +1.50 D (which results in a power of -0.50 D when combined with the base lens). Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of -0.50 D (which results in a power of -2.50 D when combined with the base lens). The light rays passing through the +1.50 D light modulation cells ​​​​​​, focusing further forward than the light rays passing through the base lens power of -2.00D, and The light beam passing through the modulation cell is the same as the light beam passing through the base optical power (and the +2.50D light modulation cell). As a result, the lens design shown in Figure 16 As shown in the figure, the light beams are directed to at least three different image planes. The subsets are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution between the set and the second subset of light-modulating cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone may be uniform in power and may be implemented as described herein. The light-modulating cells may be interspersed in a qualitatively similar (or different) manner.

[0151] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 17 shows the power map of the base lens or carrier. a lens and a plurality of light-modulating cells incorporated in or on the base lens; The central zone and mid-peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) of FIG. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately At 5.0 mm, to correct a myopic distance refractive error of -2.00 D, a uniform (or The central zone has a substantially uniform power. The central zone is surrounded by an intermediate peripheral There is an optical zone 2d. The mid-peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of approximately -2.00D. A plurality of light-modulating cells (light-modulating cell zones) are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown in the figure, the light-modulating cell has a circular shape. The first subset of modulation cells has an optical power of approximately +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the resulting power is 0.00 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the resulting power is -2.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 1.2 mm . The light rays passing through the modulation cell with a power of +2.00 D are focused ahead of the light rays passing through the base lens with a power of -2.00 D, and the light rays passing through the modulation cell with a power of -0.50 D are focused behind the light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +2.00 D modulation cell). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 17, light rays are directed to at least three different image planes. Further, as illustrated, the subsets of modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution between the first subset of modulation cells and the second subset of modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the modulation cells may be scattered in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein. FIG. 18 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As illustrated, FIG. 18 shows a base lens or carrier lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and the power of the central zone and the intermediate peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) comprising the same. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the modulation cells may be scattered in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein.

[0152] FIG. 18 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As illustrated, FIG. 18 shows a base lens or carrier lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and the power of the central zone and the intermediate peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) comprising the same. ​It shows a war map. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye at far. In the central optical zone 2c, a plurality of light modulation cells (light modulation cell zones) are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone have an optical power of +1.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power becomes -0.50 D). The plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Around the central zone, there is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. In the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d, a plurality of light modulation cells (light modulation cell zones) are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power becomes 0.00 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone has an optical power of about -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power becomes -2.50 D) and a diameter of about 1.2 mm. The light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a +2.00 D power in the intermediate peripheral zone and the light modulation cells with a +1.50 D power in the central zone are focused more forward compared to the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power. The light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a -0.50 D power in the intermediate peripheral zone are ​ When comparing the light rays that have passed through the base optical power with the light rays that have passed through the light modulation cells of +2.00D and +1.50D, they focus further back. As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 18, light rays are guided to at least four different image planes. Further, as illustrated, a subset of the light modulation cells is repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. In the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d, the distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, and the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner substantially as described herein.

[0153] FIG. 19 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As illustrated, FIG. 19 shows a base lens or carrier lens, and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and shows the power maps of the central zone and the intermediate peripheral zone of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) provided with the same. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance of a myopic eye of -2.00D. As illustrated, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone has an optical power of approximately +1.50D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -0.50D) and a diameter of approximately 0.2 m. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance of a myopic eye of -2.00D. As illustrated, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone has an optical power of approximately +1.50D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -0.50D) and a diameter of approximately 0.2 m. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone has an optical power of approximately +2.00D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00D) and a diameter of approximately 0.2 m. As illustrated, the light modulation cells are scattered in a substantially square array in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d is approximately +1.50D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -0.50D) and a diameter of approximately 0.2 m. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the central optical zone has an optical power of approximately +2.00D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00D) and a diameter of approximately 0.2 m. As illustrated, the light modulation cells are scattered in a substantially square array in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d is approximately ​​​The lens has an optical power of approximately -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D), and has a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of approximately -2.00 D. In the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d, a plurality of light modulation cells are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells have a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone has an optical power of approximately +1.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power becomes -0.50 D) and has a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone has an optical power of approximately -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D) and has a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. In both the central and intermediate peripheral optical zones, the light rays passing through the +1.50 D light modulation cells are focused more forward compared to the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power or the light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a -0.50 D power. Similarly, in both the central and intermediate peripheral optical zones, the light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a -0.50 D power are focused more rearward compared to the light rays passing through the base optical power or the light modulation cells with a +1.50 D power. As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 19, the light rays are guided to at least three different image planes. Further, as shown, the subsets of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. In the central optical zone and the intermediate peripheral optical zone, the distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. Beyond the intermediate peripheral zone, the peripheral ​​​​​​​​​ The optical zone may have uniform power, or light modulation cells may be scattered in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) those described herein.

[0154] Figure 20a shows the power map of a -2.00D myopic lens having a positive light modulation cell (light modulation cell power: +0.50D, in combination with a base lens, the lens power is -1.50D). Figure 20b shows the geometric distortion circle of the optical performance simulation at a wavelength of 555nm when a -2.00D myopic eye is corrected with an eyeglass lens having the power map as shown in Figure 20a. In Figure 20b, it can be seen that the light is well focused, that is, the geometric distortion circle is about the same as the Airy disk, indicating good visual performance. When the same eye's retina surface is moved 0.2mm forward, this corresponds to a change in refractive error of 0.50D, and the geometric distortion circle increases. However, as can be seen in Figure 20c, the light passing through the positive light modulation cell is in focus.

[0155] Figure 21a shows the power map of a -2.00D myopic lens having a negative light modulation cell (light modulation cell power: -0.50D). Figure 21b shows the geometric distortion circle of the optical performance simulation at a wavelength of 555nm when a -2.00D myopic eye is corrected with an eyeglass lens having the power map as shown in Figure 21a. In Figure 21b, it can be seen that the light is well focused, that is, the geometric distortion circle is about the same as the Airy disk, which also indicates good visual performance. When the same eye's retina surface is moved 0.2mm backward, this corresponds to a change in refractive error of 0.50D, and the geometric distortion circle increases. However, as can be seen in Figure 21c, the negative light ​ The light passing through the modulation cell is in focus.

[0156] FIG. 22 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 22 shows the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. (e.g., spectacle lens). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a myopic eye of -2.00 D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d is scattered with a plurality of light modulation cells. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulation cells have an optical power of about -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D). The light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Also, a light ray passing through a light modulation cell having a power of -0.50 D is focused further rearward compared to a light ray passing through the base optical power. As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 22, light rays are focused on at least two different image planes. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may have light modulation cells scattered in substantially the same (or different) manner as described herein.

[0157] FIG. 23 is an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein.​​​​ It is a power map of the lens. As shown, FIG. 23 is an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) of FIG. 2 comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, showing its power map. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct for the far refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of approximately -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d has a plurality of light modulation cells scattered therein. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulation cells have an optical power of -3.50 D (which, when combined with the base lens, gives a power of -5.50 D). The light modulation cells have a diameter of

[0158] approximately 0.8 mm. Also, light rays passing through the light modulation cells having a power of -3.50 D are focused more posteriorly compared to light rays passing through the base power. shows a power map of a lens (e.g., an eyeglass lens). The central optics (e.g., , the pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a myopic eye of -2.00 D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optics zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optics zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optics zone 2d has a plurality of light modulation cells scattered therein. As shown, the light modulation cells have a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens , the power is 0.00 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Light rays passing through the light modulation cells having a power of +2.00 D are focused ahead of the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulation cells are focused behind the light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +2.00 D light modulation cells). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 24, light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Furthermore as shown, the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 90 / 1 0. The peripheral optics zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or it may vary in power. The light modulation cells may be scattered in a manner that is substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein. This is also possible.

[0159] Figure 25 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to several embodiments described herein. As shown, Figure 25 depicts the ophthalmic lens of Figure 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) having a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at distance for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of approximately -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d has a plurality of light modulation cells scattered therein. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of approximately +3.50 D (which, when combined with the base lens, results in a power of +1.50 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 1.1 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of approximately -0.50 D (which, when combined with the base lens, results in a power of -2.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm. Light rays passing through the +3.50 D light modulation cells are focused more forward than light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power, and light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulation cells are focused more rearward than light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +3.50 D light modulation cells). Light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulation cells are focused more rearward than light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +3.50 D light modulation cells). (When combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm. Light rays passing through the +3.50 D light modulation cells are focused more forward than light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power. (When combined with the base lens, the power is +1.50 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 1.1 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of approximately -0.50 D. Light rays passing through the +3.50 D light modulation cells are focused more forward than light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power. Light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulation cells are focused more rearward than light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +3.50 D light modulation cells). Focuses behind the incident light rays. As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 25 , light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. As further shown , a subset of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 90 / 10 . The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner substantially as described herein.

[0160] FIG. 26 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 26 shows the base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulation cells are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d . As shown, the light modulation cells have a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral zone has an optical power of about +2.00 D (which results in a power of 0.00 D when combined with the base lens). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral zone has an optical power of about -2.00 D (which results in a power of 0.00 D when combined with the base lens). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d is surrounded by a peripheral optical zone 2e. The peripheral optical zone 2e has a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner substantially as described herein. A first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral zone has an optical power of about +2.00 D (which results in a power of 0.00 D when combined with the base lens). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral zone The second subset of cells has an optical power of approximately -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulating cells has a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. There is a peripheral optical zone 2e with a diameter of approximately 50 mm around the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. The peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of approximately -2.00 D. In the peripheral optical zone 2e, a plurality of light modulating cells are scattered. As shown, the light modulating cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the first subset of the plurality of light modulating cells has an optical power of approximately +3.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is +1.50 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulating cells has a diameter of approximately 3 mm. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulating cells has an optical power of approximately -1.00 D, resulting in a relatively negative power of approximately -1.00 D compared to the base power (when combined with the base lens, the power is -3.00 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulating cells has a diameter of approximately 2 mm. The light rays passing through the +2.00 D light modulating cell and the +3.50 D light modulating cell are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power, and the light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulating cell and the -1.00 D light modulating cell are focused more rearward than the light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +2.00 D and +3.50 D light modulating cells). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 26, light rays are focused on at least five different image planes. Further, as shown, the subsets of the light modulating cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The intermediate peripheral optical zone and the peripheral optical zone The light rays passing through the +2.00 D light modulating cell and the +3.50 D light modulating cell are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base power, and the light rays passing through the -0.50 D light modulating cell and the -1.00 D light modulating cell are focused more rearward than the light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +2.00 D and +3.50 D light modulating cells). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 26, light rays are focused on at least five different image planes. Further, as shown, the subsets of the light modulating cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The intermediate peripheral optical zone and the peripheral optical zone are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The intermediate peripheral optical zone and the peripheral optical The number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells in the zone are distributed at about 90 / 10.

[0161] FIG. 27 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 27 depicts the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 with a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The power map of the lens (e.g., spectacle lens) is shown. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. Scattered within the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d are a plurality of light modulation cells. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about -2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -4.00 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a power of +2.00 D are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -2.00 D light modulation cells are focused at the base optical power (and +2.00 D light modulation cells). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of about -2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -4.00 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a power of +2.00 D are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -2.00 D light modulation cells are focused at the base optical power (and +2.00 D light modulation cells). Light rays passing through the light modulation cells with a power of +2.00 D are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -2.00 D light modulation cells are focused at the base optical power (and +2.00 D ​focuses behind the light rays that have passed through the light modulation cell). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 27, light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Further, as shown, a subset of all the light modulation cells are arranged in a substantially square array and repeated. The distribution of the number of the first subset of light modulation cells and the number of the second

[0162] subset of light modulation cells is about 90 / 10. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may have light modulation cells dispersed in substantially the same (or different) manner as described herein. FIG. 28 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 28 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2, which includes a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens (e.g., a spectacle lens). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of It has. Optically, the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a relative negative power of about -2.00D more than the base power (in combination with the base lens, the power is -4.00D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.2 mm. The light ray passing through the +2.00D light modulation cell is focused in front of the light ray passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and the light ray passing through the -2.00D light modulation cell is focused behind the light ray passing through the base optical power (and the +2.0 0D light modulation cell). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 28, the light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Further as illustrated, the subsets of all the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. In the lens design illustrated in FIG. 28, the light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Further as illustrated, the subsets of all the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. As further illustrated, the subsets of all the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. The number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells are distributed at about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same (or different) manner as described herein.

[0163] FIG. 29 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As illustrated, FIG. 29 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) including a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance for a myopic eye of -2.00D. Around the central zone the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) including a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance for a myopic eye of -2.00D. Around the central zone the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) including a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance for a myopic eye of -2.00D. Around the central zone There is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d has a plurality of light modulation cells scattered therein. As shown, the light modulation cells have a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a positive power of about +2.00 D (in combination with the base lens, the power is plano). Some of the first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.2 mm, and some of the first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a relative negative power of about -2.00 D more than the base lens power (in combination with the base lens, the power is -4.00 D). Some of the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.2 mm, and some of the second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. The light rays passing through the +2.00 D light modulation cells are focused forward of the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -2.00 D light modulation cells are focused rearward of the light rays passing through the base lens power (and the +2.00 D light modulation cells). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 29, the light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Furthermore, as shown, subsets of all the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array . The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may modulate light in a substantially the same (or different) manner as described herein The bumps may be scattered.

[0164] FIG. 30 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia having both concave and convex light modulation cells according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 30 shows a power map of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) of FIG. 2 having a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct for the refractive error at far of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulation cells are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulation cells have a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a positive power of about +3.50 D (in combination with the base power, the power is +1.50 D). The first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a negative power of about -3.50 D (in combination with the base power, the power is -5.50 D). The second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Light rays passing through the +3.50 D light modulation cells are focused in front of the light rays passing through the -2.00 D base lens power, and light rays passing through the -3.50 D light modulation cells are focused behind the light rays passing through the base lens power (and the +3.50 D light modulation cells). Focus on that. As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 30, light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Further, as shown, a subset of all the light modulation cells is repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of the light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of the light modulation cells is about 10 / 90. The peripheral optical zone beyond the mid-peripheral zone may have a uniform power, or the light modulation cells may be scattered in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein.

[0165] FIG. 31 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia having multifocal light modulation cells according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 31 shows a base lens and a plurality of multifocal light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) of FIG. 2. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error for distance vision of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of multifocal light modulation cells are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape. The multifocal light modulation cells have variable power, and some of the multifocal light modulation cells have a negative power of about -0.50 D (in combination with the base lens, the power becomes -2.50 D), and some of the multifocal light modulation cells have a positive power of about +2.00 D (in combination with the base lens ) In this case, the power is 0.00 D). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 31, at least three different image planes are focused with light rays. Further, as shown, the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. In some embodiments, the multifocal light modulation cells may be oriented in the same way (as shown in FIG. 31), and in some embodiments the multifocal light modulation cells may be oriented in different directions (see, for example, FIG. 32), and in some embodiments, in addition to the multifocal light modulation cells, there may be light modulation cells having positive and / or negative power (see, for example, FIG. 33). In some embodiments, the multifocal light modulation cells in a portion of the lens may be a mirror image of the multifocal light modulation cells in the opposite portion of the lens. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or the light modulation cells may be scattered in substantially the same (or different) manner as described herein.

[0166] FIG. 34 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 34 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a myopic eye of -2.00 D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a power of about -2.00 D It has a base power. In the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d, a plurality of light modulation cells are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, a first subset of a plurality of light modulation cells that are in the lower half of the intermediate peripheral zone on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens has a positive power of approximately +3.50D (in combination with the base power, the power becomes +1.50D). The first subset of a plurality of light modulation cells has a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. Optically, a second subset of a plurality of light modulation cells that are in the upper half of the intermediate peripheral zone on the back surface of the ophthalmic lens has a positive power of approximately +2.00D (in combination with the base lens, the power becomes plano D) and has a negative light modulation cell of approximately -0.50D (in combination with the base lens, the power becomes -2.50D). The second subset of a plurality of light modulation cells has different diameters, approximately 0.8 mm for positive and plano - type light modulation cells and approximately 0.5 mm for negative light modulation cells. The light rays passing through the +3.50D light modulation cells are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the +2.00D light modulation cells and the -2.00D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -0.50D light modulation cells are focused more rearward than the light rays passing through the base lens power (and the +3.50D and +2.00D light modulation cells). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 34, the light rays are focused on at least four different image planes. Furthermore, as further shown, all subsets of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may be substantially the same as that described herein. The light rays passing through the +3.50D light modulation cells are focused more forward than the light rays passing through the +2.00D light modulation cells and the -2.00D base lens power, and the light rays passing through the -0.50D light modulation cells are focused more rearward than the light rays passing through the base lens power (and the +3.50D and +2.00D light modulation cells). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 34, the light rays are focused on at least four different image planes. Furthermore, as further shown, all subsets of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may be substantially the same as that described herein. As further shown, all subsets of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution of the number of the first subset of light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may be substantially the same as that described herein. The distribution of the number of the first subset of light modulation cells and the number of the second subset of light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power or may be substantially the same as that described herein. The light modulation cells may be scattered in a (or different) manner.

[0167] FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having both concave and convex light modulation cells on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in FIG. 35, the light modulation cells are disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens 2e). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at distance for a myopic eye of about -2.00 D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulation cells are scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. In some embodiments, the concave light modulation cell 3b may have a power that is relatively negative compared to the base lens power of the lens 3a. In some embodiments, the light modulation cell may be a multifocal light modulation cell (3c) having a portion that is relatively positive compared to the base lens power and a portion that is relatively negative compared to the base lens power. In some embodiments, the convex light modulation cell 3d may have a power that is relatively positive compared to the base lens power of the lens 3a.

[0168] FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens in which concave, multifocal, and convex light modulation cells are embedded in the lens matrix of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in FIG. 36, the light modulation cells are embedded in the lens matrix of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens 2e). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone of the ophthalmic lens... -2c has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye at far. Surrounding the central zone, there is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone also has a base power of approximately -2.00 D. The intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d is scattered with a plurality of light modulation cells. In some embodiments, the light modulation cells may be disposed between the ophthalmic lens 4a and the offset layer 4e. In some embodiments, the light modulation cells may be disposed between the ophthalmic lens and a coating. In some embodiments, the coating may be an anti-scratch coating, an anti-reflection coating, or a light wavelength absorption coating. In some embodiments, the concave light modulation cell 4b may have a power that is relatively negative compared to the base power of the lens 4a. In some embodiments, the light modulation cell may have a variable (multifocal) power having a portion that is relatively positive compared to the base lens power and a portion that is relatively negative compared to the base lens power. In some embodiments, the convex light modulation cell 4d may have a power that is relatively positive compared to the base power of the lens 4a.

[0169] FIG. 37 is an enlarged schematic view of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having both concave and convex light modulation cells on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens to illustrate light guided through the ophthalmic lens and focused on multiple surfaces of the retina, according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in FIG. 37, the light modulation cells are disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens), but may be embedded within the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the light The portion of the ophthalmic lens having power 6a, the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the concave light modulation cell 6c, and one or more (or all) of the portions of the ophthalmic lens having the convex light modulation cell 6b through which light may pass. As shown, in some embodiments, light rays passing through different portions of the spectacle lenses 6a, 6b, and 6c may be focused on the corresponding image planes 7a, 7b, and 7c. The base power portion of the spectacle lens 6a may focus light on the image plane 7a. As shown, in some embodiments, the image plane 7b in front (forward) of the image plane 7a may correspond to light passing through the convex (relatively more positive power than the base power) light modulation cell of the ophthalmic lens. As shown, in some embodiments the image plane 7c behind (rearward) of the image plane 7a may correspond to light passing through the concave (relatively more negative power than the base power) light modulation cell of the ophthalmic lens.

[0170] FIG. 38 is an exemplary enlarged schematic view of an ophthalmic lens, i.e., a contact lens (8), having both concave and convex light modulation cells on the front surface thereof, for explaining light guided through the contact lens and focused on multiple surfaces of the retina, according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in FIG. 38, the light modulation cells are disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., a contact lens), but may be embedded within the contact lens. In some embodiments, light may pass through one or more (or all) of the portion of the ophthalmic lens having base power 8a, the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the concave light modulation cell 8c, and the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the convex light modulation cell 8b. Although shown on the surface of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., a contact lens), the light modulation cells may be embedded within the contact lens. In some embodiments, light may pass through one or more (or all) of the portion of the ophthalmic lens having power 8a, the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the concave light modulation cell 8c, and the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the convex light modulation cell 8b. portion, the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the concave light modulation cell 8c, and the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the convex light modulation cell 8b. through which light may pass. As shown, in some embodiments, light rays passing through different portions of the spectacle lenses 8a, 8b, and 8c may be focused on the corresponding image planes 7a, 7b, and 7c. The base power portion of the spectacle lens 8a may focus light on the image plane 7a. As shown, in some embodiments, the image plane 7b in front (forward) of the image plane 7a may correspond to light passing through a convex (relatively more positive power than the base power) light modulation cell of the contact lens. As shown, in some embodiments, the image plane 7c behind (rearward) of the image plane 7a may correspond to light passing through a concave (relatively more negative power than the base power) light modulation cell of the contact lens. )

[0171] FIG. 39 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 39 shows a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct for the far refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -1.00 D. Scattered within the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d are a plurality of light modulation cells. As shown, the light modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulation cells have a positive power of about +1.00 D (in combination with the base lens peripheral zone) In the case of, the power is in the plane D). The plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. +1.00 D The light rays passing through the light modulation cell of are focused in front of the light rays passing through the -1.00 D intermediate peripheral zone and the -2.00 D base lens power work. As a result, in the lens data shown in FIG. 39, the light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, the same power as the intermediate peripheral zone or may be substantially the same (or different) from those described herein, and the light modulation cells may be scattered in the same way. cells may be scattered.

[0172] FIG. 40 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 40 shows a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 lens (e.g., spectacle lens). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the refractive error of a myopic eye at a distance of -2.00 D There is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm around the central zone. The intermediate peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -2.00 D, similar to the central zone There are a plurality of light modulation cells scattered in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape optically, the plurality of light modulation cells have a positive power of about +3.50 D (in combination with the base power the power becomes +1.50 D). The plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter of about 0.8 mm ​​​​It has. The light ray passing through the +3.50D light modulation cell focuses in front of the light ray passing through the -2.00D base lens power. The plurality of light modulation cells are surrounded by or enclosed by a zone (envelope zone), and its power is different from the base power and the power of the light modulation cell. In FIG. 40, the envelope zone is circular and has a power of +2 .00D (in combination with the base lens, the power is planar). As a result, in the lens design shown in FIG. 30, light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, may have the same power as the intermediate peripheral zone, and the light modulation cells may be scattered in substantially the same (or different) ways as described herein. FIG. 41 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 41 shows the base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) of FIG. 2. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance for a myopic eye of -2.00D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -2.00D, similar to the central zone. In the central and intermediate peripheral optical zones 2d, a plurality of light modulation cells are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape.

[0173] FIG. 41 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 41 shows the base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens, and shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., spectacle lens) of FIG. 2. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the refractive error at a distance for a myopic eye of -2.00D. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -2.00D, similar to the central zone. In the central and intermediate peripheral optical zones 2d, a plurality of light modulation cells are scattered. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape. The central and intermediate peripheral optical zones 2d have a plurality of light modulation cells scattered therein. As shown, the light modulation cells are circular in shape. presented. Optically, a first subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of +1.50D (which, when combined with the base lens, results in a power of -0.50D). Optically, a second subset of the plurality of light modulation cells has an optical power of -0.50D (which, when combined with the base lens, results in a power of -2.50D). Light rays passing through the +1.50D light modulation cells are focused forward of the light rays passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and light rays passing through the -0.50D light modulation cells are focused rearward of the light rays passing through the base optical power (and the +1.50D light modulation cells). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 41, light rays are focused on at least three different image planes. Further, as illustrated, subsets of the light modulation cells are repeatedly arranged in a substantially square array. The distribution between the first subset of light modulation cells and the second subset of light modulation cells is approximately 50 / 50. Further, the intermediate peripheral optical zone is composed of a ring having a power of approximately +2.00D (in combination with the base power: plano). Thus, some of the light modulation cells may be surrounded by, overlap with, or abut on the sides of concentric zones. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate peripheral zone may have a uniform power, may have the same power as the intermediate peripheral zone, or the light modulation cells may be interspersed in a substantially the same (or different) manner as described herein.

[0174] FIG. 42 shows an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and light modulation cells incorporated thereon, according to some embodiments described herein, and an eye corrected with such an ophthalmic 1 is a schematic diagram of an eye. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or lenses described herein are Alternatively, the method may utilize a light-modulating cell, whereby one or more focal points of the light-modulating cell The point distance or focal power is the distance the corresponding focal plane is moved from the entrance of the eye to the point where the contrast is reduced. It may be selected to be located near, about, or in the vicinity of the pupil. The base lens 322 and the optical element incorporated thereon, according to some embodiments, are described. Schematic of an exemplary ophthalmic lens 321 having a modulation cell 323 and an eye 320 corrected with the ophthalmic lens. A schematic diagram is shown. Figure 42 shows a light ray 324 entering and being refracted by one light-modulating cell 325. The focal length of the light modulation cell 325 is such that its focal plane 326 is positioned close to the entrance pupil 327 of the eye 320. The entrance pupil of the eye is the pupil of the eye (the opening of the iris) as seen by an observer looking into the eye. The iris / pupil is the optical element of the eye that is located in front of the iris. The apparent pupil as seen by the observer, due to the cornea (e.g., the eye).

[0175] FIG. 43 illustrates a base lens and a light-modulating cell according to some embodiments described herein. 1 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having The ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described may utilize light-modulating cells, Alternatively, negative or zero power cells may provide a constantly varying, non-monotonic power across the light-modulating cell. In some embodiments, the power profile The maximum power may be more negative than the base power (Fig. 43a), and the power profile The minimum value of the lens may be a more positive refractive power than the base power (Fig. 43b), and the maximum and minimum The average value of the value may be approximately the same as the base power (FIG. 43c). In some embodiments the continuously varying power profile may vary periodically or aperiodically. The continuously varying power profile may be formed by a series of varying curvatures, or by incorporating one or more higher-order aberrations, or a combination of the above. may be used.

[0176] FIG. 44 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulation cell according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens and / or method described herein may utilize a light modulation cell, which may diffuse light in addition to guiding light to one or more surfaces. The light modulation cell may be refractive and may be formed by one or more higher-order aberrations, or by a light scattering function, or a combination of both. FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 44 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulation cell according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens and / or method described herein may utilize a light modulation cell, which may diffuse light in addition to guiding light to one or more surfaces. The light modulation cell may be refractive and may be formed by one or more higher-order aberrations, or by a light scattering function, or a combination of both. FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 44 is a power map of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulation cell according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens and / or method described herein may utilize a light modulation cell, which may diffuse light in addition to guiding light to one or more surfaces. The light modulation cell may be refractive and may be formed by one or more higher-order aberrations, or by a light scattering function, or a combination of both. FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power

[0177] FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary myopic ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. As shown, FIG. 45 shows the power map of the ophthalmic lens of FIG. 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulation cells incorporated within or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct the refractive error at far for a -2.00 D myopic eye. Two rings having a power of approximately +1.00 D are incorporated in the intermediate peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens (base power Combination with the power: -1.0D). In the ring, a plurality of optical modulation cells are scattered. As shown in the figure, the optical modulation cells exhibit a circular shape. Optically, a plurality of optical modulation cells have an optical power of +3.50D (when combined with the base lens, the resulting power is +2.50D). As a result, in the lens design illustrated in FIG. 45, light rays are focused on at least 3 different image planes.

[0178] Further advantages of the subject matter claimed will become apparent from the following examples illustrating some embodiments of the subject matter claimed. In some embodiments, one or more (e.g., all) of the following further embodiments may include each other or a part of another embodiment.

[0179] Examples: A1. An ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of multifocal optical modulation cells.

[0180] A2. A base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of multifocal optical modulation cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of multifocal optical modulation cells refract light to at least two image planes different from the first image plane.

[0181] A3. A base lens configured to direct light to a first and a second image plane; and a plurality of multi- focal optical modulation cells, wherein one or more of the plurality of multifocal optical modulation cells refract light to at least two image planes different from the first and the second image planes.

[0182] A4. A base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; in front of the first image plane One or more imaging planes for refracting light, with a power varying in the range of 0.5D to 5D An optical modulation cell having a plurality of positive powers; and one or more imaging planes located behind the first imaging plane One or more imaging planes for refracting light, with a power varying in the range of -0.5D to -5D An ophthalmic lens comprising an optical modulation cell having a plurality of negative powers.

[0183] A5. A base lens configured to direct light to a first imaging plane; and a plurality of optical modulation cells One or more of the plurality of optical modulation cells refract light to one or more imaging planes different from the first imaging plane An ophthalmic lens.

[0184] A6. One or more of the plurality of optical modulation cells refract light to a second imaging plane different from the first imaging plane, and / or one or more of the plurality of optical modulation cells refract light to a third imaging plane different from the first and second imaging planes An ophthalmic lens according to any of the examples in A.

[0185] A7. The plurality of optical modulation cells are configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) imaging planes different from the first imaging plane, an ophthalmic lens according to any of the examples in A.

[0186] A8. At least one of the plurality of optical modulation cells is configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3, or 4) imaging planes different from the first imaging plane, an ophthalmic lens according to any of the examples in A.

[0187] A9. At least one of the second imaging plane and the third imaging plane is located in front of the first imaging plane An ophthalmic lens according to any of Examples A6 to A8.

[0188] ​​A10. At least one of the second image plane and the third image plane is located behind the first image plane The ophthalmic lens according to any one of Examples A6 to A9.

[0189] A11. One or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter in the range of about 20 μm to about 3 mm, of Example A Any of the ophthalmic lenses.

[0190] A12. One or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a positive power (e.g., a convex surface shape) relative to the power of the base surface, of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example A.

[0191] A13. At least a part of the plurality of light modulation cells has a relatively negative power (e.g., a concave surface shape) compared to the surrounding surface area, of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example A.

[0192] A14. The plurality of light modulation cells are arranged in any combination of one or more of the central optical portion, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical zone The ophthalmic lens according to any one of Examples A.

[0193] A15. The filling rate of the light modulation cells with respect to the total surface area of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of the light modulation cells to the total surface area of the ophthalmic lens) is about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40 %, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85% (e.g., at least 5%, 10 %, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85 %, or between 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85%), of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example A. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of Examples A.

[0194] Corresponding to either the central optical zone, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, or the peripheral optical zone The filling rate of the light modulation cells with respect to the surface area to be processed (for example, the ratio of the total surface area of the light modulation cells in the corresponding zone to the total surface area of the zone) is about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% (for example, at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%, or between 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85%) Any ophthalmic lens of Example A. Any ophthalmic lens of Example A.

[0195] A17. The diameters of the plurality of light modulation cells vary between about 20 μm and about 3 mm, for example, about 20 - 100 μm, 100 - 200 μm, 200 - 300 μm, 300 - 400 μm, 400 - 500 μm, 500 - 600 μm, 600 - 70 0 μm, 700 - 800 μm, 800 - 900 μm, 900 μm - 1 mm, 1 - 1.1 mm, 1.1 - 1.2 mm, 1.2 - 1.3 mm, 1 .3 - 1.4 mm, 1.4 - 1.5 mm, 1.5 - 1.6 mm, 1.6 - 1.7 mm, 1.7 - 1.8 mm, 1.8 - 1.9 mm, 1.9 - 2 mm 、2 - 2.1 mm, 2.1 - 2.2 mm, 2.2 - 2.3 mm, 2.3 - 2.4 mm, 2.4 - 2.5 mm, 2.5 - 2.6 mm, 2.6 - 2.7 mm, 2.7 - 2.8 mm, 2.8 - 2.9 mm, 2.9 - 3 mm). Any ophthalmic lens of Example A.

[0196] A18. The diameter of one or more light modulation cells in the central optical zone is from about 20 μm to about 1000 μm between (e.g., about 20 to 60 μm, 40 to 80 μm, 60 to 100 μm, 80 to 120 μm, 100 to 140 μm, 120 to 160 μm, 140 to 180 μm, 160 to 200 μm, 180 to 220 μm, 200 to 240 μm, 220 to 260 μm, 240 to 28 0 μm, 260 to 300 μm, 280 to 320 μm, 300 to 340 μm, 320 to 360 μm, 340 to 380 μm, 360 to 400 μm, 20 to 100 μm, 100 to 200 μm, 200 to 300 μm, 300 to 400 μm, 400 to 500 μm, 500 to 600 μm , between 600 to 700 μm, 700 to 800 μm, 800 to 900 μm, 900 to 1000 μm), any of the A ocular lenses.

[0197] A19. The diameter of one or more light modulation cells in the intermediate peripheral optical zone is from about 20 μm to about 2 mm between (e.g., about 20 to 100 μm, 100 to 200 μm, 200 to 300 μm, 300 to 400 μm, 400 to 500 μm, 500 to 600 μm, 600 to 700 μm, 700 to 800 μm, 800 to 900 μm, 900 μm to 1 mm, 1 to 1.1 mm, 1.1 to 1.2 mm, 1.2 to 1.3 mm, 1.3 to 1.4 mm, 1.4 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 1.6 mm, 1.6 to 1.7 mm, 1.7 to 1.8 mm, 1 .8 to 1.9 mm, 1.9 to 2 mm, 1 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 2 mm, 500 μm to 1 mm, 100 to 500 μm), any of the A ocular lenses.

[0198] A20. The diameter of one or more light modulation cells in the peripheral optical zone is from about 20 μm to about 3 mm (e.g., about 20 to 100 μm, 100 to 200 μm, 200 to 300 μm, 300 to 400 μm, 400 to 500 μm, 500 ~600 μm, 600 - 700 μm, 700 - 800 μm, 800 - 900 μm, 900 μm - 1 mm, 1 - 1.1 mm, 1.1 - 1.2 mm, 1.2 - 1.3 mm, 1.3 - 1.4 mm, 1.4 - 1.5 mm, 1.5 - 1.6 mm, 1.6 - 1.7 mm, 1.7 - 1.8 mm, 1.8 ~1.9 mm, 1.9 - 2 mm, 2 - 2.1 mm, 2.1 - 2.2 mm, 2.2 - 2.3 mm, 2.3 - 2.4 mm, 2.4 - 2.5 mm, 2.5 ~2.6 mm, 2.6 - 2.7 mm, 2.7 - 2.8 mm, 2.8 - 2.9 mm, 2.9 - 3 mm) among any of the examples of A ophthalmic lens.

[0199] A21. The diameters of the plurality of light modulation cells in a specific optical zone may vary within the above-described range (for example, one or more of the first of the plurality of light modulation cells have a first diameter, and one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a second diameter), any of the examples of A ophthalmic lens.

[0200] A22. The plurality of light modulation cells are separated from each other (or adjacent to each other), any of the examples of A ophthalmic lens.

[0201] A23. One or more of the plurality of light modulation cells (for example, one or more of the first of the plurality of light modulation cells and / or one or more of the second of the plurality of light modulation cells) are arranged on the ophthalmic lens in a square, hexagonal or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagonal or any other suitable arrangement) of any of the examples of A ophthalmic lens.

[0202] A24. The power of the plurality of light modulation cells is about -3D to +5D (for example, about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, in any combination of one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D) Any ophthalmic lens of Example A that varies within the range of

[0203] A25. Distribution of the number of light modulation cells of negative and positive powers on the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the number of light modulation cells of positive power to the number of light modulation cells of negative power) is about 95 / 5; 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70 、25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100, and varies within the range of any ophthalmic lens of Example A 。 ophthalmic lens.

[0204] A26. One or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a shape corresponding to at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a semi - circle, a hexagon, a square, or other suitable shapes, and any ophthalmic lens of Example A 。

[0205] A27. The ophthalmic lens includes a substantially circular central optical zone, a substantially annular intermediate peripheral optical zone located around the central optical zone, and / or a substantially annular peripheral optical zone located around the intermediate peripheral optical zone, and any ophthalmic lens of Example A 。 ophthalmic lens.

[0206] A28. A plurality of light modulation cells are arranged in the intermediate peripheral optical zone. Among the plurality of light modulation cells, the first one or more light modulation cells have a first diameter and a first power, and among the plurality of light modulation cells, the second one or more light modulation cells have a second diameter and a second power, and any ophthalmic lens of Example A 。 ophthalmic lens. 。

[0207] A29. The first power is relatively positive compared to the power of the base lens, and the second power is , relatively negative compared to the power of the base lens, an ophthalmic lens of Example A28.

[0208] A30. The first power is relatively positive compared to the power of the base lens, and the second power is , relatively more positive compared to the first power and the power of the base lens, an ophthalmic le ns of Example A28.

[0209] A31. The first power is relatively negative compared to the power of the base lens, and the second power is , relatively more negative compared to the first power and the power of the base lens, an ophthalmic le ns of Example A28.

[0210] A32. The ophthalmic lens is configured to be used for correcting, decelerating, reducing, and / or suppressing the progression of myopia, an ophthalmic lens of any of Example A.

[0211] A33. The ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens, an ophthalmic lens of any of Example A.

[0212] B1. A base lens having a corresponding first image plane; and one or more light modulation zones having one or more light modulation cells; The ophthalmic lens is provided with, and the light passing through the light modulation zone provides a through-focus light distribution over the first image plane and one or more image planes different from the first image plane. .

[0213] B2. One or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are essentially refractive, an ophthalmic lens of Example B1.

[0214] B3. One or more refractive light modulation cells are zero or different from the refractive power of the base lens. An ophthalmic lens having a refractive power, from Example B1 to B2.

[0215] B4. An ophthalmic lens from Example B1 to B2, in which a plurality of light modulation cells have a negative power with respect to the power of the base lens.

[0216] B5. An ophthalmic lens from Example B1 to B2, in which a plurality of light modulation cells have a positive power with respect to the power of the base lens.

[0217] B6. An ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples B1 to B2, in which one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a plurality of focal powers.

[0218] B7. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B1 to B6, in which the ratio of the through-focus light distribution of the light transmitted through the light modulation cell zone is ahead of the first image plane.

[0219] B8. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B1 to B6, in which the ratio of the through-focus light distribution of the light transmitted through the light modulation cell zone is behind the first image plane.

[0220] B9. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B1 to B8, in which the ratio of the through-focus light distribution of the light transmitted through the light modulation cell zone is both ahead of and behind the first image plane.

[0221] B10. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B1 to B9, in which the ratio of the through-focus light distribution that is either ahead of or behind the first image plane is about >20%.

[0222] B11. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B1 to B9, in which the ratio of the through-focus light distribution that is either ahead of or behind the first image plane is about >30%.

[0223] An ophthalmic lens of Example B1, wherein one or more of a plurality of light modulation cells are essentially diffractive.

[0224] A base lens having a first image plane corresponding to a first power; one or more light modulation cell zones having a plurality of light modulation cells having a negative power with respect to the first power; An ophthalmic lens comprising: wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens spreads into a through-focus light distribution on the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0225] A base lens having a first image plane corresponding to a first power; one or more light modulation cell zones having a plurality of light modulation cells having a positive power with respect to the first power; An ophthalmic lens comprising: wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens spreads into a through-focus light distribution on the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0226]

[0227] A base lens having a first zone having a first power based on a refractive error of an eye, a second zone having a relatively positive second power compared to the first power, and a plurality of light modulation cells provided on the second zone;

[0228] An ophthalmic lens for an individual's eye, which provides a through-focus light distribution that spreads on the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0227] An ophthalmic lens of Example B15, wherein the second power is non-uniform across the second zone.

[0228] The non-uniform power from the inner edge to the outer edge of the second zone can include one or more of increasing, decreasing, or non-monotonic power, an ophthalmic lens of Examples B15 to B16.

[0229] B18. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B15 and B17, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are essentially refractive.

[0230] B19. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B15 to B18, wherein one or more refractive light modulation cells have a refractive power of zero or different from the refractive power of the base lens.

[0231] B20. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B15 to B19, wherein the plurality of light modulation cells have a negative power with respect to the power of the base lens.

[0232] B21. An ophthalmic lens of Examples B15 to B19, wherein the plurality of light modulation cells have a positive power with respect to the power of the base lens.

[0233] C1. An ophthalmic lens configured to be used for correcting, decelerating, reducing, and / or suppressing the progression of myopia, the base lens being configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; a central optical zone located centrally and substantially circular; an intermediate peripheral optical zone located around the central optical zone and substantially annular; a peripheral optical zone located around the intermediate peripheral optical zone and substantially annular; and a plurality of light modulation cells disposed in at least one of the central optical zone, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, or the peripheral optical zone; wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are configured to direct light to one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are configured to direct light to one or more image planes behind the first image plane. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0234] D1. A base lens that guides light to at least a first surface; and at least one light modulation cell An ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulation cells provided in a zone, the ophthalmic lens being at least configured such that light transmitted through at least one light modulation cell zone spreads into a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) in at least one direction rearward (hyperopic defocus) and / or forward (myopic defocus) with respect to the first surface onto one or more additional surfaces, the ophthalmic lens .

[0235] D2. A base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells provided in at least one light modulation cell zone, the base lens being configured to guide light to at least a first image plane, and the plurality of light modulation cells being configured to guide light to one or more image planes located rearward (hyperopic defocus) and / or forward (myopic defocus) with respect to the first image plane, the ophthalmic lens .

[0236] D3. A base lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells provided in at least one light modulation cell zone, the plurality of light modulation cells being configured to correct, decelerate, reduce, and / or suppress the progression of eye growth by guiding or shifting light to one or more surfaces, the base lens being configured to guide light to at least a first image plane, and the plurality of light modulation cells being configured to guide light to one or more image planes located rearward (hyperopic defocus) and / or forward (myopic defocus) with respect to the first image plane, the ophthalmic lens

[0237] ​​​​​​​​​​D4. The first image plane corresponds to the retina plane, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0238] D5. The base lens has a uniform power throughout the lens, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0239] D6. The power of the base lens varies throughout the lens, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0240] D7. The peripheral optical zone of the base lens has a more positive power compared to the central and / or intermediate peripheral optical zones, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0241] D8. The peripheral and intermediate peripheral optical zones of the base lens have a more positive power compared to the central optical zone, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0242] D9. The peripheral optical zone of the base lens has a more negative power compared to the central and / or intermediate peripheral optical zones, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0243] D10. The increase in positive power from the center to the intermediate peripheral and / or peripheral zone portions is monotonic or non-monotonic, stepwise or gradual, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0244] D11. The increase in negative power from the center to the intermediate peripheral and / or peripheral zone portions is monotonic or non-monotonic, stepwise and / or gradual, and any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0245] D12. The change in power from the central zone to the peripheral zone applies throughout the base lens and / or to a specific region or quadrant or section of the lens, and any of Example D. ​ Any ophthalmic lens.

[0246] D13. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens incorporates a filter and / or a phase change mask (e.g., an amplitude mask). Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the filter is applied over the entire base lens and / or to a selected area or quadrant or section of the lens.

[0247] D14. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the phase change mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to a selected area or quadrant or section of the lens. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the phase change mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to a selected area or quadrant or section of the lens.

[0248] D15. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, further comprising at least a portion of one or more concentric rings or annular zones, or rings or annular zones having one or more powers, and a plurality of light modulation cells. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, further comprising a base lens having a phase change mask and a plurality of light modulation cells. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein one or more light modulation cells are arranged or packed on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens in individual arrays or arrangements, or in aggregates, arrays, stacks, clusters, or other suitable pack arrangements.

[0249] D16. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the individual arrays, aggregates, arrays, stacks, or clusters of light modulation cells are positive. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the individual arrays, aggregates, arrays, stacks, or clusters of light modulation cells are positive. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the individual arrays, aggregates, arrays, stacks, or clusters of light modulation cells are positive.

[0250] D17. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, further comprising a base lens having a phase change mask and a plurality of light modulation cells. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, further comprising a base lens having a phase change mask and a plurality of light modulation cells.

[0251] D18. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein one or more light modulation cells are arranged or packed on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens in individual arrays or arrangements, or in aggregates, arrays, stacks, clusters, or other suitable pack arrangements. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein one or more light modulation cells are arranged or packed on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens in individual arrays or arrangements, or in aggregates, arrays, stacks, clusters, or other suitable pack arrangements. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein one or more light modulation cells are arranged or packed on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens in individual arrays or arrangements, or in aggregates, arrays, stacks, clusters, or other suitable pack arrangements.

[0252] D19. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D, wherein the individual arrays, aggregates, arrays, stacks, or clusters of light modulation cells are positive. Square, hexagonal, or any other suitable array (e.g., a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagonal, or any other suitable array, or any non-repeating or random array), and / or centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens and / or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, any ophthalmic lens of Example D disposed on the base lens. or a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagonal, or any other suitable array, or any non-repeating or random array), and / or centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens and / or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, any ophthalmic lens of Example D disposed on the base lens. or centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens and / or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, any ophthalmic lens of Example D disposed on the base lens. or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, any ophthalmic lens of Example D disposed on the base lens. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D disposed on the base lens.

[0253] D20. For any ophthalmic lens of Example D, the ratio of the length (x) of the longest meridian or axis to the length (y) of the shortest meridian or axis of at least one of the one or more light modulation cells is about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9, about 2.0. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0254] D21. For any ophthalmic lens of Example D, the sagittal depth of the light modulation cell is about 20 nm to about 1 mm, about 20 nm to about 500 μm, about 20 nm to about 400 μm, about 20 nm to about 300 μm, about 20 nm to about 200 μm, about 20 nm to about 100 μm, about 20 nm to about 50 μm. ]Any ophthalmic lens of Example D. Any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0255] D22. For any ophthalmic lens of Example D, one or more light modulation cells are arranged such that either the principal meridian or axis or the longest meridian of the light modulation cell is parallel to each other, or arranged radially, or arranged circumferentially, or arranged in any suitable geometric arrangement (e.g., triangular arrangement or square or rectangular or hexagonal). Any ophthalmic lens of Example D. or arranged circumferentially, or arranged in any suitable geometric arrangement (e.g., triangular arrangement or square or rectangular or hexagonal). Any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0256] D23. The light modulation cell is an amplitude mask, binary amplitude mask, phase mask, or a phase change mask such as a kinoform, or a binary phase mask, or a phase change such as a metasurface or nanostructure. or a phase change mask such as a binary phase mask, or a phase change such as a metasurface or nanostructure. An ophthalmic lens of any of the D examples having a surface

[0257] D24. The phase of light of one or more light modulation cells is modulated (for example, the outer region of the light modulation cell represents a region where the phase of light is modulated, for example, by π / 2, π, 3π / 2, or between 0 and π / 2, π / 2 and π, between π and 3π / 2, or between 3π / 2 and 2π, and the inner white circle represents a second region of the light modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first region, and / or the middle gray circle represents a third region of the light modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first and / or second region), an ophthalmic lens of any of the D examples

[0258] D25. The size, density per square millimeter, and packing arrangement of the light modulation cells are uniform across zones or can vary across zones (for example, the density of the light modulation cells is greater or smaller in the peripheral zone compared to the mid-peripheral zone), an ophthalmic lens of any of the D examples

[0259] D26. The distribution of substantially positive light modulation cells, substantially negative light modulation cells, multifocal light modulation cells, and light modulation cells having a phase change mask across one or more zones of the ophthalmic lens (for example, the ratio of the number of positive light modulation cells to the number of negative light modulation cells and multifocal light modulation cells) changes in equal or unequal proportions, an ophthalmic lens of any of the D examples

[0260] D27. Lens designers and clinicians use the geometric distribution and / or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an indicator of the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens, including myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and wearing comfort Any ophthalmic lens of Example D that can do so.

[0261] D28. The geometric filling rate of the light modulation cell with respect to the total surface area of the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of the light modulation cell to the total surface area of the ophthalmic lens) is about 5%, about 10%, about 1 5%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70% , about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%, and may be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40% , at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85%, or between 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85%, and is any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0262] D29. The surface area corresponding to the central optical zone does not have a light modulation cell or has a plurality of light modulation cells, and is any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0263] D30. The geometric filling rate of the light modulation cell with respect to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60 %, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 4 0%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85%, or 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85% of among them, any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0264] D31. For the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone, the geometric filling rate of the light modulation cells is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60 %, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 4 0%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85%, or 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85% of among them, any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0265] D32. The ophthalmic lens incorporates one or more light modulation cells to provide a TFLD in which the ratio of the light distributed to myopic defocus compared to hyperopic defocus is about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3 , about <0.2, about <0.1, among them, any ophthalmic lens of Example D.

[0266] The ophthalmic lens distributes light to myopic defocus as compared to hyperopic defocus such that the ratio is about >1.0, about >1.1, about >1.2, about >1.3, about >1.4, about >1.5, about >1.6, about >1.7 and incorporates one or more light modulation cells to provide a TFLD of about >1.8, about >1.9, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0267] D34. The ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulation cell to provide a TFLD without substantial hyperopic defocus, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0268] D35. The ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulation cell to provide a TFLD without substantial myopic defocus, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0269] D36. The ophthalmic lens has a geometric fill factor such that about 75% of the light is directed to the retinal image plane and about 25% of the light is directed to a plane in front of the retinal image plane (myopic defocus) by the light modulation cell, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0270] D37. The ophthalmic lens includes a light modulation cell designed to have a geometric fill factor such that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is substantially greater than, somewhat greater than, substantially equal to, somewhat less than, substantially less than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0271] D38. The distance of the peak amplitude of the light directed in front of the image plane is located at a position substantially closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of the light directed behind the image plane, any ophthalmic lens of Example D

[0272] D39. The TFLD forms an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least a portion of myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both, and is any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example D.

[0273] D40. For any continuous band of defocused light, the amplitude of the light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 40%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20% of the total amplitude of the light, and is any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example D.

[0274] D41. The peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front, or myopic defocus) is about 50%, substantially > 50%, somewhat > 50%, or < 50% of all the light directed in front of the retina plane, and is any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example D.

[0275] D42. The peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retina plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus) is about 50%, substantially > 50%, somewhat > 50%, or < 50% of all the light directed behind the retina plane, and is any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example D.

[0276] D43. In front of the retina plane (or in front, or myopic defocus), and within 1.00 D of the retina plane, the amplitude of the TFLD is about < 10%, or about < 20%, or about < 30%, or about < 50% of all the light in front of the retina plane, and is any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example D.

[0277] D44. Behind the retina plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus), and within 1.00 D of the retina plane, ​​​​​​​​​The amplitude of the TFLD within D is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <3 0%, or about <50% of all light behind the retinal surface, for any of the D examples of ophthalmic lenses.

[0278] D55. A base lens including at least a central optical zone and a peripheral optical zone, and at least configured to direct light to at least a first surface; and at least a plurality of light modulation cells disposed on at least the surface of the peripheral optical zone of the base lens and configured to direct or shift light to one or more surfaces thereby modifying, decelerating, reducing, and / or suppressing the progression of eye growth; and an ophthalmic lens comprising: light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) that spreads in at least one direction, either rearward (hyperopic defocus) or forward (myopic defocus), with respect to one or more additional surfaces configured ophthalmic lens.

[0279] E1. A base lens configured to direct light to at least a first surface; and at least one of the central optical zone, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical zone of the base lens on at least one surface of any combination, or embedded within the base lens, a plurality of light modulation cells configured to direct or shift light to one or more surfaces ; and an ophthalmic lens comprising one or more light modulation cell zones having a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein light transmitted through one or more light modulation cell zones results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) that spreads in at least one direction, either rearward (hyperopic defocus) and / or forward (myopic defocus), with respect to one or more additional surfaces in front of the first surface configured ophthalmic lens.

[0280] E2. One or more light modulation cell zones are configured to direct light to one or more surfaces (distant visual defocus) located behind the first surface and one or more surfaces (near visual defocus) located in front of the first image plane, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0281] E3. The plurality of light modulation cells essentially have at least one of refractive and / or diffractive types, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0282] E4. The sagittal depth of the light modulation cell is from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, and / or from about 20 nm to about 50 μm, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0283] E5. The light modulation cell is at least one of planar power, and / or positive power, and / or negative power, and / or at least one of a plurality of powers, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0284] E6. The ratio of the TFLD in front of the first image plane is greater than 20% of the light transmitted through one or more light modulation cell zones, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0285] E7. The ratio of the TFLD behind the first image plane is greater than 20% of the light transmitted through one or more light modulation cell zones, of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0286] E8. The ratio of the light distributed to the near visual defocus compared to the far visual defocus in one or more light modulation cell zones incorporating one or more light modulation cells is about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0. ​8. Provide a TFLD that is approximately <0.7, approximately <0.6, approximately <0.5, approximately <0.4, approximately <0.3, approximately <0.2, approximately <0.1 An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E, configured to do so.

[0287] E9. In one or more light modulation cell zones incorporating one or more light modulation cells, the ratio of the light distributed to myopic defocus is greater than about 1.0, about 1.1, about 1. 2, about >1.3, about >1.4, about >1.5, about >1.6, about >1.7, about >1.8, about >1.9 compared to hyperopic defocus. Provide a TFLD that is An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E, configured to do so. An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E, configured to do so.

[0288] E10. One or more light modulation cell zones incorporating one or more light modulation cells are configured to provide a TFLD without substantial hyperopic defocus, An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E. lens.

[0289] E11. One or more light modulation cell zones incorporating one or more light modulation cells are configured to provide a TFLD without substantial myopic defocus, An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E. lens.

[0290] E12. The light modulation cell zone has a geometric fill factor designed such that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is substantially greater than, somewhat greater than, substantially equal to, somewhat less than, and / or substantially less than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane, for any ophthalmic lens of Examples E. An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E having a geometric fill factor designed such that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is substantially greater than, somewhat greater than, substantially equal to, somewhat less than, and / or substantially less than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane.

[0291] E13. The distance of the peak amplitude of the light guided in front of the image plane is arranged at a position substantially closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of the light guided behind the image plane, for any ophthalmic lens of Examples E. An ophthalmic lens of any of Examples E. lens.

[0292] E14. The TFLD forms an aperiodic and non-monotonic amplitude of at least a part of myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E. or both, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E. Any one of the eye lenses of Example E.

[0293] E15. For any band of light of the defocused light, the amplitude of the light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% - 50%, about 10% - 4 0%, about 10% - 30%, or about 10% - 20% of the total amplitude of the light, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E. Any one of the eye lenses of Example E.

[0294] E16. The peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front, or myopic defocus) is about 50% of all the light guided in front of the retina plane, substantially > 50%, somewhat > 50% or < 50%, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E. Any one of the eye lenses of Example E.

[0295] E17. The peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retina plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus) is about 50% of all the light guided behind the retina plane, substantially > 50%, somewhat > 50% or < 50%, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E.

[0296] E18. In front of the retina plane (or in front, or myopic defocus), and within 1.00 D of the retina plane, the amplitude of the TFLD is about < 10%, or about < 20%, or about < 3 0%, or about < 50% of all the light in front of the retina plane, and is any one of the eye lenses of Example E.

[0297] E19. Behind the retina plane (or behind, or hyperopic defocus), and within 1.00 The amplitude of the TFLD within D is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <3 0%, or about <50% of all light behind the retinal surface, any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0298] E20. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the power of the base lens varies across the entire lens.

[0299] E21. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens has a greater positive power or a greater negative power compared to the central and / or intermediate peripheral optical zones.

[0300] E22. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the peripheral and intermediate peripheral optical zones of the base lens have a more positive power compared to the central optical zone.

[0301] E23. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the change in power from the central to the intermediate peripheral and / or peripheral zones increases monotonically or non-monotonically, stepwise or gradually.

[0302] E24. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the change in power from the central zone to the peripheral zone applies across the entire base lens and / or to a particular region or quadrant or section of the lens.

[0303] E25. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens incorporates a filter and / or a phase-changing mask (e.g., an amplitude mask).

[0304] E26. Any ophthalmic lens of Example E, wherein the filter is applied across the entire base lens and / or to a selected region or quadrant or section of the lens. ​​​​​​​​​

[0305] E27. A phase-changing mask is applied across the entire base lens and / or to a selected region or quadrant or section of the lens of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example E.

[0306] E28. The ophthalmic lens further comprises at least a portion of one or more concentric rings or annular zones, or rings or annular zones having one or more powers, and a plurality of light modulation cells of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example E.

[0307] E29. One or more light modulation cells are arranged or packed on one or more zones of the base lens individually, or in an array or arrangement, or an aggregate , or a stack, or a cluster, or any other suitable packing arrangement, of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example E.

[0308] E30. The individual arrays, aggregates, arrays, stacks, or clusters of light modulation cells are arranged on the base lens in a square, hexagonal, or any other suitable arrangement (e.g., a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagonal, or any other suitable arrangement, or any non-repeating or random arrangement ), and / or centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens and / or not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example E. of any of the ophthalmic lenses of Example E.

[0309] E31. The ratio of the length (x) of the longest meridian or axis to the length (y) of the shortest meridian or axis of at least one of the one or more light modulation cells is about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6 ​​​​​​An ophthalmic lens of any of Example E, which is about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9, or about 2.0.

[0310] E32. One or more light modulation cells are arranged such that either the principal meridians or axes or the longest meridians of the light modulation cells are arranged parallel to each other, or radially, or circumferentially, or in any suitable geometric arrangement (e.g., triangular arrangement or square or rectangular or hexagonal) in an ophthalmic lens of any of Example E.

[0311] E33. One or more light modulation cells have a phase change mask such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a kinoform, or a binary phase mask, or a phase change surface such as a metasurface or nanostructure in an ophthalmic lens of any of Example E.

[0312] E34. The phase of light of one or more light modulation cells is modulated (e.g., the outer region of the light modulation cell has a region where the phase of light is modulated, for example, between pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi, and the inner white circle represents a second region of the light modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first region, and / or the middle gray circle represents a third region of the light modulation cell where the phase of light is modulated to be different from the phase of the first and / or second regions), in an ophthalmic lens of any of Example E

[0313] .

[0313] E35. One or more combinations of the size of the light modulation cell, the density per square millimeter, and / or the packing arrangement are uniform across the zone or vary across the zone in an ophthalmic lens of any of Example E. vary (e.g., the density of the light modulation cells is greater or , or less than that in the intermediate peripheral zone) in the peripheral zone of any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0314] E36. An ophthalmic lens of any of Example E, wherein lens designers and clinicians can use the geometric distribution and / or filling rate of the light modulation cells as an index of the clinical performance of an ophthalmic lens including one or more combinations of myopia suppression effect, visual acuity, and wearing comfort.

[0315] E37. An ophthalmic lens of any of Example E, wherein the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone has no light modulation cells or has a plurality of light modulation cells.

[0316] E38. The geometric filling rate of the light modulation cells in the central optical zone with respect to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60% , at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85 %, or between 5 - 15%, 20 - 30%, 35 - 45%, 40 - 50%, 45 - 55%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 75%, 70 - 80%, or 75 - 85% for any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0317] E39. With respect to the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate peripheral optical zone , the geometric filling ratio of the light modulation cells in the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate peripheral optical zone is , about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65% , at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85%, or 5-15% , 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80%, or 75-85% among them, any ophthalmic lens of Example E.

[0318] E40. A base lens having a front surface and a rear surface configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; one or more light modulation cell zones provided on or inside the base lens, wherein , one or more light modulation cell zones include a plurality of light modulation cells arranged in a specific configuration; an ophthalmic lens comprising: among the geometric arrangement, filling ratio, diameter , sagittal depth, curvature, power, and spacing between cells, one or more combinations are such that the light transmitted through the light modulation cell zone is guided to a plurality of surfaces located in front of and / or behind the first image plane, and the ophthalmic lens is configured to have a through-focus light distribution.

[0319] E41. A method of designing / manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising the steps of: selecting a base lens having a power profile and configured to direct light to at least a first surface; a base lens ​​​​ in one or more combinations of a central optical zone, an intermediate peripheral optical zone, and / or a peripheral optical zone of the lens, determining the position of one or more light modulation cell zones, wherein the one or more light modulation cell zones include a plurality of light modulation cells, and the light modulation cells are disposed on at least one of a surface or an embedding of a base lens; a step of spreading the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation cell zones to one or more additional surfaces in at least one direction of backward (hyperopic defocus) and forward (myopic defocus) with respect to the first surface to form a through-focus light distribution (TFLD); utilizing the geometric arrangement of the light modulation cells, the fill factor ratio, the diameter of the light modulation cells, the sagittal depth of the light modulation cells, the curvature of the light modulation cells, the power of the light modulation cells, and the spacing between the cells; and a method comprising: The embodiments disclosed and defined herein extend to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features described or apparent in the text and drawings. It will be understood that all of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present disclosure. As described above, the features of some embodiments have been outlined to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure can be easily used as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for achieving the same purpose and / or achieving the same advantages as the embodiments introduced herein. Also, those skilled in the art should understand that such equivalent structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0320]

[0321] ​​​​​​​​​​​​It should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made to this specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. This should be understood.

Claims

1. a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of light-modulating cells disposed within at least one light-modulating cell zone on or within the base lens; Equipped with the light-modulating cell is convex and has a positive power relative to the power of the base lens; and An ophthalmic lens, wherein light transmitted through the light-modulating cell zone produces a through-focus light distribution that spans one or more additional image planes in a forward direction relative to the first image plane.

2. 10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the light-modulating cell is refractive.

3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cell is of the diffractive type.

4. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cells are multifocal and have at least two focal powers that are different from the power of the base lens.

5. 2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the light-modulating cells are aspheric and have a power that varies from -3D to +5D relative to the power of the base lens.

6. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cells have a diameter ranging from about 20 μm to about 3 mm.

7. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cells have a sagittal depth that varies from about 20 nm to about 1 mm.

8. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cells are arranged on the base lens in the form of an arrangement, a collection, or an array.

9. 10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the light-modulating cells are arranged on the base lens in a square, hexagonal, circular, diamond, concentric, non-concentric, spiral, incomplete loop, rotationally symmetric, rotationally asymmetric, or any other suitable arrangement.

10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cell zones are disposed in any combination of one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical zone of the base lens.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the base lens has uniform power throughout the lens.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the base lens has a power that varies throughout the lens.

13. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens has a greater positive power or a greater negative power compared to the central optical zone and / or the mid-peripheral optical zone of the base lens.

14. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the base lens incorporates a filter and / or a phase-shifting mask.

15. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cell zone has a geometric fill factor designed to achieve a desired ratio of light distributed into myopic defocus and hyperopic defocus.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the light-modulating cell zone is configured to provide a through-focus light distribution without substantial hyperopic defocus or without substantial myopic defocus.

17. 10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the light-modulating cell zone is configured to provide a through-focus light distribution having non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitudes of myopically defocused light, hyperopically defocused light, or both.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to be used to correct, slow, reduce, and / or prevent the progression of myopia.

19. 10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the fill factor of the light-modulating cells relative to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%.

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