Ventilation system and shelter

Abstract

To suppress contamination in an indoor space of a shelter.SOLUTION: A ventilation system which ventilates an indoor space closed with respect to the outside includes: a gas permeable film device having a first flow passage and a second flow passage partitioned by a gas permeable film; a feed gas line which includes a feed passage for feeding indoor air of the indoor space to the first flow passage and a return passage for returning the indoor air to the indoor space from the first flow passage, and which has a first blower for delivering the indoor air to the first flow passage; and a sweep gas line which includes a supply passage for supplying the outside air of the outside to the second flow passage and an exhaust passage for exhausting the outside air to the outside from the second flow passage, and which has a second blower for delivering the outside air to the second flow passage and an atmospheric pressure adjusting valve for adjusting the pressure of the outside air passing through the second flow passage so that the atmospheric pressure of the indoor space becomes the same or higher with respect to the atmospheric pressure of the outside. The gas permeable film allows carbon dioxide in the indoor air flowing in the first flow passage to permeate into the second flow passage, and allows oxygen in the outdoor air passing through the second flow passage to permeate into the first flow passage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a ventilation system suitable for a shelter and a shelter equipped with the ventilation system. [Background technology]

[0002] A shelter for personal protection includes an evacuation room surrounded by sturdy walls and a ventilation system for ventilating the interior of the evacuation room. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses this type of shelter.

[0003] The shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a front room and an evacuation room separated by a partition wall, and a ventilation system for ventilating the evacuation room. The front room is connected to an intake pipe that takes in air from the outside and an exhaust pipe that exhausts air to the outside. The partition wall is equipped with an overpressure exhaust valve that exhausts air from the evacuation room to the front room. The ventilation system includes a filter located in the front room and connected to the intake pipe, an air supply pipe located in the evacuation room, a connecting pipe that penetrates the partition wall and connects the filter to the air supply pipe, and a fan located in the front room or the evacuation room that sends air flowing through the connecting pipe to the air supply pipe. In this shelter, air drawn into the front room through the intake pipe by the fan is purified by a filter to remove harmful substances, and then supplied to the evacuation room through the connecting pipe and the air supply pipe. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-167379 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In the shelter of Patent Document 1, if the filter's performance deteriorates with use, it must be replaced. If contaminants such as radioactive materials adhere to the filter, there is a risk that the contaminants will spread to the antechamber when the filter is replaced. While this will prevent contamination of the evacuation room, it will be difficult to prevent contamination of the antechamber.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a ventilation system that can suppress contamination of the indoor space of a shelter, and a shelter equipped with such a ventilation system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problem, a ventilation system according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a ventilation system that ventilates an indoor space that is closed to the outside, a gas-permeable membrane device having a gas-permeable membrane and a first flow path and a second flow path separated by the gas-permeable membrane; a feed gas line including a feed path for sending the indoor air from the indoor space to be purified to the first flow path of the gas permeable membrane device, and a return path for returning the purified indoor air from the first flow path to the indoor space, the feed gas line having a first fan for sending the indoor air to the first flow path; a sweep gas line including a supply path for supplying the outside air to the second flow path of the gas permeable membrane device, and a discharge path for discharging the outside air from the second flow path to the outside, the sweep gas line having a second blower for sending the outside air to the second flow path, and an air pressure regulating valve for regulating the pressure of the outside air passing through the second flow path so that the air pressure in the indoor space is the same as or higher than the air pressure outside, The gas-permeable membrane utilizes the partial pressure difference between the indoor air and the outdoor air to allow carbon dioxide in the indoor air flowing through the first flow path to permeate into the second flow path, and allows oxygen in the outdoor air passing through the second flow path to permeate into the first flow path.

[0008] In order to solve the above problem, a shelter according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: At least one evacuation room having an interior space closed to the outside; and a ventilation system that ventilates the indoor space of the at least one evacuation room. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a ventilation system that can suppress contamination of the indoor space of a shelter, and a shelter equipped with the ventilation system. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the gas permeable membrane device. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the state of gas exchange through the gas permeable membrane of the gas permeable membrane device. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the shelter. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shelter equipped with a ventilation system according to the first modification. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shelter equipped with a ventilation system according to the first modification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] [Ventilation System 1] First, a ventilation system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the ventilation system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ventilation system 1 shown in Fig. 1 ventilates an indoor space 2 that is closed off from the outside 9, that is, exhausts carbon dioxide and supplies oxygen. It is preferable that the indoor space 2 is a space that is highly airtight with respect to the outside 9. For example, the indoor space 2 is inside a building, and the outside 9 is outside the building.

[0012] The ventilation system 1 includes a gas-permeable membrane device 3, a sweep gas line 12 that supplies and exhausts outside air 10, which serves as a sweep gas, to and from the gas-permeable membrane device 3, and a feed gas line 22 that supplies and exhausts indoor air 20 to and from the gas-permeable membrane device 3. The indoor air 20 is the feed gas, i.e., the gas to be purified.

[0013] Gas permeable membrane device 3 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of the gas-permeable membrane device 3, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing gas exchange by a gas-permeable membrane 30. The gas-permeable membrane device 3 is composed of one or more membrane modules, and FIG. 2 representatively shows one membrane module provided in the gas-permeable membrane device 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the gas-permeable membrane device 3 has a first flow path 31 and a second flow path 32 separated by a gas-permeable membrane 30. The first flow path 31 constitutes a part of the feed gas line 22, through which room air 20 flows. The second flow path 32 constitutes a part of the sweep gas line 12, through which outside air 10 flows. In the gas-permeable membrane device 3 shown in FIG. 2, the first flow path 31 and the second flow path 32 are parallel to each other, and the flow of room air 20 in the first flow path 31 and the flow of outside air 10 in the first flow path 31 are in the same direction, but the flow of room air 20 and the flow of outside air 10 may be opposite. The gas-permeable membrane 30 has numerous pores with diameters approximately 1 / 10 or less (e.g., 50 nm or less) of the particles suspended in the air, and is a membrane that selectively allows gas to permeate. A non-limiting example of the gas-permeable membrane 30 is a hollow fiber membrane. The gas-permeable membrane 30 does not allow fine particles to permeate. Furthermore, gas components permeate the gas-permeable membrane 30 depending on the partial pressure difference between the first flow path 31 and the second flow path 32. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the first flow path 31 is higher than that in the second flow path 32, and conversely, the partial pressure of oxygen in the second flow path 32 is higher than that in the first flow path 31, the gas-permeable membrane 30 allows carbon dioxide to permeate from the first flow path 31 to the second flow path 32, and oxygen to permeate from the second flow path 32 to the first flow path 31, depending on the partial pressure difference. The gas-permeable membrane 30 also allows air-containing components other than carbon dioxide and oxygen to permeate depending on the partial pressure difference between the first flow path 31 and the second flow path 32. Generally, however, the larger the molecular weight of the gas component, the slower its permeation rate and the smaller the amount of permeation.

[0014] Examples of the gas-permeable membrane 30 include the gas-permeable membranes described in the applicant's prior applications, JP 2018-185115 A, JP 6707169 B, and JP 6609386 B, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0015] <Sweep Gas Line 12> 1, the inlet 13 and outlet 17 of the sweep gas line 12 are arranged outside 9, and outside air 10 taken in from outside 9 flows through the sweep gas line 12 as a sweep gas. The sweep gas line 12 includes a supply path 12a from the inlet 13 to the inlet of the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3, the second flow path 32, and a discharge path 12b from the outlet of the second flow path 32 to the outlet 17. The supply path 12a and the discharge path 12b are composed of piping or the like.

[0016] A prefilter 14 and a second blower 15 are provided in supply path 12a of sweep gas line 12, in that order from upstream to downstream. The prefilter 14 removes particles larger than dust, such as dirt and dust, that flow in together with outside air 10 from inlet 13. The second blower 15 sends outside air 10 to gas permeable membrane device 3 so that the amount of outside air 10 needed to remove a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide from indoor air 20 is supplied to second flow path 32 of gas permeable membrane device 3. The prefilter 14 and second blower 15 are disposed in indoor space 2.

[0017] An air pressure regulating valve 16 is provided in the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12. The air pressure regulating valve 16 is disposed in the indoor space 2. The discharge path 12b is connected to the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3. The air pressure regulating valve 16 adjusts the pressure of the outside air 10 flowing through the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3, more specifically, the pressure of the outside air 10 flowing from the second flow path 32 to the discharge path 12b, by changing the opening degree of the valve. In the gas permeable membrane device 3, the first flow path 31 and the second flow path 32 are connected by pores in the gas permeable membrane 30. Gas exchange occurs between the room air 20 flowing into the first flow path 31 and the outside air 10 flowing into the second flow path 32 via the gas permeable membrane 30, thereby reducing the pressure difference. The pressure difference between the outside air 10 and the room air 20 at the outlet of the gas permeable membrane device 3 is zero or sufficiently small. Therefore, the pressure of the outside air 10 flowing from the second flow path 32 to the discharge path 12b and the pressure of the room air 20 flowing from the first flow path 31 to the return path 22b are substantially the same, or even if not identical, they are correlated. Therefore, by adjusting the pressure of the outside air 10 in the second flow path 32 with the air pressure adjustment valve 16, the pressure of the room air 20 in the first flow path 31 can be adjusted. The room air 20, whose pressure has been adjusted by the action of the air pressure adjustment valve 16, is returned to the room air 20 through the return path 22b. In this way, the air pressure adjustment valve 16 can control the air pressure in the indoor space 2. The air pressure adjustment valve 16 adjusts the pressure of the outside air 10 flowing through the second flow path 32 in the indoor space 2, thereby controlling the air pressure in the indoor space 2 to be the air pressure of the outside 9 or a predetermined pressure higher than the air pressure of the outside 9. As a result, the indoor space 2 is at the same pressure or a positive pressure relative to the outside 9, preventing the outside air 10 from entering the indoor space 2. The air pressure adjustment valve 16 may be manual or automatic. When the air pressure regulating valve 16 is automatic, the operation of the air pressure regulating valve 16 is controlled by a computer connected to a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the outside 9 and the indoor space 2. This computer controls the operation of the air pressure regulating valve 16 based on the detected value of the pressure sensor so that the pressure in the indoor space 2 is maintained at the air pressure of the outside 9 or a predetermined pressure higher than the air pressure of the outside 9.For example, the computer operates the air pressure regulating valve 16 so as to change the valve opening to narrow the flow path when the pressure in the indoor space 2 falls below the predetermined pressure, change the valve opening to widen the flow path when the pressure in the indoor space 2 excessively exceeds the set pressure by exceeding a predetermined threshold, and maintain the valve opening as long as the pressure in the indoor space 2 is within the predetermined pressure range. However, the configuration of the air pressure regulating valve 16 and the control method thereof are not limited to those described above.

[0018] <Feed Gas Line 22> The entire feed gas line 22, from the inlet 23 to the outlet 27, is disposed within the indoor space 2. Indoor air 20 taken in from the indoor space 2 flows through the feed gas line 22 as a feed gas. The feed gas line 22 includes a feed path 22a from the inlet 23 to the first flow path 31 of the gas permeable membrane device 3, the first flow path 31, and a return path 22b from the first flow path 31 to the outlet 27. The feed path 22a and the return path 22b are constituted by piping or the like.

[0019] A first fan 24 is provided in the feed passage 22a of the feed gas line 22. The first fan 24 sends out the room air 20 to the gas permeable membrane device 3 so that the amount of room air 20 required to remove a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide from the room air 20 is supplied to the first flow path 31 of the gas permeable membrane device 3.

[0020] The return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 is provided with a harmful gas remover 25 and a carbon monoxide oxidizer 26, in that order from upstream to downstream. The harmful gas remover 25 removes harmful gases such as radioactive gases and toxic gases such as chemical and biological agents from the indoor air 20 flowing through the return path 22b. A non-limiting example of the harmful gas remover 25 is an activated carbon filter. When the outside air 10 contains carbon monoxide, the carbon monoxide may enter the indoor air 20 through the gas permeable membrane device 3. The carbon monoxide oxidizer 26 oxidizes the carbon monoxide contained in the indoor air 20 flowing through the return path 22b to carbon dioxide. A non-limiting example of the carbon monoxide oxidizer 26 is an oxidation catalyst.

[0021] Here, the operation of the ventilation system 1 configured as described above will be explained. In the feed gas line 22, a predetermined amount of indoor air 20 is taken in from the indoor space 2 through the inlet 23 by operation of the first fan 24, and is supplied to the first flow path 31 of the gas permeable membrane device 3. In the sweep gas line 12, a predetermined amount of outside air 10 is taken in from the outside 9 through the inlet 13 by operation of the second fan 15, and is supplied to the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3. The air pressure regulating valve 16 adjusts the pressure of the outside air 10 flowing through the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3, thereby controlling the pressure in the indoor space 2 to be the same as or higher than the air pressure of the outside 9.

[0022] In the gas-permeable membrane device 3, the action of the gas-permeable membrane 30 causes carbon dioxide contained in the room air 20 to move from the first flow path 31 to the second flow path 32, and oxygen contained in the outside air 10 to move from the second flow path 32 to the first flow path 31. That is, in the first flow path 31, the oxygen in the outside air 10 is exchanged with the carbon dioxide in the room air 20. The room air 20, which has had its carbon dioxide content reduced and its oxygen content increased by passing through the gas-permeable membrane device 3, has harmful gases removed from it in the harmful gas remover 25 and carbon monoxide oxidized in the carbon monoxide oxidizer 26, and then flows out of the room space 2 from the outlet 27 of the feed gas line 22. On the other hand, the outside air 10, which has had its carbon dioxide content increased and its oxygen content reduced by passing through the gas-permeable membrane device 3, flows out of the room 9 from the outlet 17 of the sweep gas line 12.

[0023] As described above, the ventilation system 1 ventilates the indoor space 2, i.e., exhausts carbon dioxide from the indoor space 2 and supplies oxygen to the indoor space 2. At the same time, the ventilation system 1 controls the air pressure in the indoor space 2. Although the sweep gas line 12 passes through the indoor space 2, the inside of the sweep gas line 12 is independent from the indoor space 2, and the outside air 10 does not leak into the indoor space 2. Therefore, even if the outside air 10 is polluted, the indoor space 2 is not polluted by the outside air 10. Furthermore, although the outside air 10 flowing through the sweep gas line 12 is accompanied by suspended particles such as dust, the suspended particles are discharged from the sweep gas line 12 along with the flow of the outside air 10. In other words, suspended particles entrained in the outside air 10 do not accumulate in the sweep gas line 12. Therefore, the ventilation system 1 can be used continuously without frequent maintenance such as filter replacement.

[0024] [Shelter 5] Next, we will explain a shelter 5 that employs the above-mentioned ventilation system 1. Figure 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the shelter 5 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The shelter 5 may be a shelter installed underground, above ground, underwater, etc.

[0025] The shelter 5 includes one or more evacuation rooms 50 surrounded by a sturdy outer shelter wall 55 made of reinforced concrete, and a ventilation system 1 that ventilates the evacuation rooms 50. The shelter 5 shown in FIG. 4 includes two evacuation rooms 50, but the number of evacuation rooms 50 is not limited to this.

[0026] The ventilation system 1 includes a gas permeable membrane device 3, a sweep gas line 12, and a feed gas line 22. Elements of the ventilation system 1 included in the shelter 5 that correspond to those of the previously described ventilation system 1 are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0027] In the shelter 5, one ventilation system 1 ventilates multiple evacuation rooms 50. The shelter 5 according to this embodiment includes a first evacuation room 50a and a second evacuation room 50b, with the gas permeable membrane device 3 of the ventilation system 1 disposed in the first evacuation room 50a, and the feed gas line 22 extending across the multiple evacuation rooms 50. However, a machine room for disposing the ventilation system 1 may be provided within the shelter 5, separate from the evacuation rooms 50.

[0028] The inlet 13 and outlet 17 of the sweep gas line 12 are located outside 9. The sweep gas line 12 penetrates the shelter outer wall 55, and a portion of it passes through the first evacuation chamber 50a. The prefilter 14 of the sweep gas line 12, the second blower 15, the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3, and the air pressure regulating valve 16 are located in the first evacuation chamber 50a.

[0029] At least one inlet 23 of the feed gas line 22 opens into each evacuation chamber 50. The feed gas line 22 according to this embodiment has an inlet 23 that opens into the first evacuation chamber 50a and an inlet 23 that opens into the second evacuation chamber 50b. The room air 20 flowing in from each inlet 23 passes through the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22 and is sent to the gas permeable membrane device 3.

[0030] At least one outlet 27 of the feed gas line 22 opens into each evacuation chamber 50. The feed gas line 22 according to this embodiment has an outlet 27 that opens into the first evacuation chamber 50a and an outlet 27 that opens into the second evacuation chamber 50b. The indoor air 20 purified by the gas permeable membrane device 3 is sent to each outlet 27 through the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 and flows out of each outlet 27 into the indoor space 2.

[0031] In the shelter 5 configured as described above, the indoor air 20 in the first evacuation chamber 50a and the second evacuation chamber 50b is sent to the gas permeable membrane device 3 in the first evacuation chamber 50a through the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22. The indoor air 20 is purified by the gas permeable membrane device 3 by adding carbon dioxide to the outside air 10 and receiving oxygen from the outside air 10, and the purified indoor air 20 is returned to the first evacuation chamber 50a and the second evacuation chamber 50b through the return path 22b. Along with ventilation of the indoor space 2 of the first evacuation chamber 50a and the second evacuation chamber 50b in this manner, the air pressure in the indoor space 2 is also controlled so that it is the same as or higher than the air pressure of the outside 9. During this time, outside air 10 taken in from the outside 9 into sweep gas line 12 is sent to gas permeable membrane device 3 through supply path 12a, where it gives oxygen to indoor air 20 and receives carbon dioxide from indoor air 20, and is then discharged from gas permeable membrane device 3 through discharge path 12b to outside 9. In this way, since outside air 10 flows through sweep gas line 12, which is closed to indoor space 2 of shelter 5, indoor space 2 of shelter 5 is isolated from outside air 10, and clean air can be circulated in indoor space 2 of shelter 5 even when outside air 10 is polluted.

[0032] [Variation 1 of ventilation system 1] The ventilation system 1 for the shelter 5 according to the above embodiment is configured so that the indoor air 20 of the shelter 5 circulates through a circulation path consisting of the feed gas line 22 and the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5. However, during normal times when the outdoor air 10 is not polluted, the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5 is not polluted even if the outdoor air 10 flows into the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5. Therefore, the ventilation system 1 according to the first modification is configured to be able to switch the gas flow path between an internal ventilation mode in which the indoor air 20 of the shelter 5 circulates through a circulation path consisting of the feed gas line 22 and the indoor space 2, and an internal / external ventilation mode in which the indoor air 20 of the shelter 5 is replaced with the outdoor air 10 without passing through the gas permeable membrane device 3.

[0033] 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the schematic configuration of a shelter 5 equipped with a ventilation system 1 according to Modification 1. As shown in Fig. 5 and 6, the ventilation system 1 according to Modification 1 is obtained by adding a first connection path 61, a second connection path 62, and multiple flow path switching valves 71-76 to the ventilation system 1 shown in Fig. 4. Therefore, in the ventilation system 1 according to Modification 1, elements corresponding to those in the ventilation system 1 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed explanations will be omitted.

[0034] The ventilation system 1 according to the first modification includes a first connection path 61 and a second connection path 62. The first connection path 61 connects a first branch point 63 downstream of the second blower 15 in the supply path 12a of the sweep gas line 12 to a second branch point 64 downstream of the carbon monoxide oxidizer 26 in the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22. A first flow path switching valve 71 is provided in the first connection path 61 to open and close the flow path of the first connection path 61. The second connection path 62 connects a third branch point 65 downstream of the air pressure adjustment valve 16 in the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12 to a fourth branch point 66 downstream of the first blower 24 in the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22. A second flow path switching valve 72 is provided in the second connection path 62 to open and close the flow path of the second connection path 62.

[0035] A third flow path switching valve 73 is provided downstream of the fourth branch point 66 in the delivery path 22a of the feed gas line 22. A fourth flow path switching valve 74 is provided upstream of the second branch point 64 in the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22. A fifth flow path switching valve 75 is provided downstream of the first branch point 63 in the supply path 12a of the sweep gas line 12. A sixth flow path switching valve 76 is provided downstream of the air pressure adjustment valve 16 and upstream of the third branch point 65 in the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12. The flow path switching valves 71-76 may be opened and closed automatically under computer control or manually.

[0036] The ventilation system 1 according to the first modification can operate in an inside / outside ventilation mode during normal times, i.e., when the outside air 10 is not polluted. As shown in Fig. 5, in the inside / outside ventilation mode, the first flow path switching valve 71 and the second flow path switching valve 72 are opened, and the third flow path switching valve 73, the fourth flow path switching valve 74, the fifth flow path switching valve 75, and the sixth flow path switching valve 76 are closed. In other words, the flow of the outside air 10 and the room air 20 to the gas permeable membrane device 3 is blocked, the supply path 12a of the sweep gas line 12 is connected to the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 via the first connection path 61, and the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12 is connected to the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22 via the second connection path 62.

[0037] When the first blower 24 is operated, the indoor air 20 that flows from the inlet 23 of the feed gas line 22 into the delivery path 22a is sent to the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12 instead of the gas permeable membrane device 3, and is discharged from the outlet 17 of the sweep gas line 12 to the outside 9. When the second blower 15 is operated, the outside air 10 that flows from the inlet 13 of the sweep gas line 12 into the sweep gas line 12 is sent to the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 instead of the gas permeable membrane device 3, and is supplied to the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5 from the outlet 27 of the feed gas line 22. In this way, in the inside / outside ventilation mode, fresh outside air 10 is sent to the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5, and the indoor air 20 in the indoor space 2 is discharged to the outside 9, thereby ventilating the indoor space 2.

[0038] On the other hand, the ventilation system 1 according to the first modification is set to the internal ventilation mode in the event of an emergency, i.e., when the outside air 10 is polluted. As shown in Fig. 6, in the internal ventilation mode, the first flow path switching valve 71 and the second flow path switching valve 72 are closed, and the third flow path switching valve 73, the fourth flow path switching valve 74, the fifth flow path switching valve 75, and the sixth flow path switching valve 76 are opened. In other words, the first connection path 61 and the second connection path 62 are blocked, and a circulation path for the indoor air 20 consisting of the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5 and the feed gas line 22, and a sweep gas line 12 independent of the feed gas line 22 are established.

[0039] By operating the first fan 24, indoor air 20 in the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5 flows from the inlet 23 of the feed gas line 22 into the feed path 22a and is sent to the gas permeable membrane device 3. After being purified by the gas permeable membrane device 3, the indoor air 20 passes through the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 and is returned to the indoor space 2 from the outlet 27. By operating the second fan 15, outdoor air 10 flows from the inlet 13 of the sweep gas line 12 into the supply path 12a and is sent to the gas permeable membrane device 3. After exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the indoor air 20 in the gas permeable membrane device 3, the outdoor air 10 passes through the exhaust path 12b of the sweep gas line 12 and is discharged to the outside 9 from the outlet 17. In this way, in the internal ventilation mode, the indoor air 20 in the indoor space 2 of the shelter 5 is ventilated by being returned to the indoor space 2 after carbon dioxide is discharged by the gas permeable membrane device 3 and oxygen is supplied.

[0040] [Summary] A ventilation system 1 according to a first aspect of the present disclosure is a ventilation system 1 that ventilates an indoor space 2 that is closed to the outside 9, a gas-permeable membrane device (3) having a gas-permeable membrane (30) and a first flow path (31) and a second flow path (32) separated by the gas-permeable membrane (30); a feed gas line (22) including a feed path (22a) for sending indoor air (20) from the indoor space (2) to be purified to a first flow path (31) of the gas permeable membrane device (3) and a return path (22b) for returning the purified indoor air (20) from the first flow path (31) to the indoor space (2), and having a first fan (24) for sending the indoor air (20) to the first flow path (31); a sweep gas line (12) including a supply path (12a) for supplying outside air (10) from the outside (9) to a second flow path (32) of the gas permeable membrane device (3) and a discharge path (12b) for discharging the outside air (10) from the second flow path (32) to the outside (9), the sweep gas line (12) having a second blower (15) for sending the outside air (10) to the second flow path (32) and an air pressure regulating valve (16) for regulating the pressure of the outside air (10) passing through the second flow path (32) so that the air pressure in the indoor space (2) is the same as or higher than the air pressure in the outside (9); The gas permeable membrane 30 utilizes the partial pressure difference between the indoor air 20 and the outdoor air 10 to allow carbon dioxide in the indoor air 20 flowing through the first flow path 31 to permeate into the second flow path 32, and allows oxygen in the outdoor air 10 passing through the second flow path 32 to permeate into the first flow path 31.

[0041] In the ventilation system 1 configured as described above, the flow of outside air 10 in the sweep gas line 12 is separated from the flow of indoor air 20 in the feed gas line 22 via the pores in the gas-permeable membrane 30, restricting the inflow of the outside air 10 into the indoor space 2 and the feed gas line 22 through which the indoor air 20 circulates. Therefore, even if the outside air 10 is contaminated, the indoor space 2 can be ventilated while preventing the outside air 10 from contaminating the indoor air 20 in the indoor space 2. Furthermore, although the outside air 10 contains suspended particles such as dust, the gas-permeable membrane 30 prevents the suspended particles from entering the indoor space 2 and the feed gas line 22 and expels them from the sweep gas line 12 along with the flow of outside air 10. Therefore, the ventilation system 1 can be used continuously without frequent maintenance such as filter replacement. Furthermore, by adjusting the pressure of the outside air 10 passing through the second flow path 32 of the gas permeable membrane device 3 using the air pressure adjustment valve 16, the indoor space 2 can be at the same pressure as the outside 9 or at a positive pressure. By maintaining the indoor space 2 at the same pressure as the outside 9 or at a positive pressure, it is possible to prevent the outside air 10 from entering the indoor space 2. As described above, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a ventilation system 1 that can suppress contamination of the indoor space 2 of a shelter 5 or the like.

[0042] The ventilation system 1 according to the second item of the present disclosure is the ventilation system 1 according to the first item, wherein the feed gas line 22 has a harmful gas remover 25 that removes harmful gases from the indoor air 20 passing through the return path 22b.

[0043] As a result, even if the indoor air 20 flowing out from the gas permeable membrane device 3 to the return path 22b contains harmful gases that have been transferred from the outside air 10 by the gas permeable membrane device 3, the indoor air 20 from which the harmful gases have been removed by the harmful gas remover 25 is returned to the indoor space 2.

[0044] A ventilation system 1 according to a third item of the present disclosure is the ventilation system 1 according to the first item, wherein the feed gas line 22 has a carbon monoxide oxidizer 26 that oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in the indoor air 20 passing through the return path 22b. Also, a ventilation system 1 according to a fourth item of the present disclosure is the ventilation system 1 according to the second item, wherein the feed gas line 22 has a carbon monoxide oxidizer 26 that oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in the indoor air 20 passing through the return path 22b.

[0045] As a result, even if the indoor air 20 purified by the gas permeable membrane device 3 contains carbon monoxide, the indoor air 20 is returned to the indoor space 2 after the carbon monoxide has been oxidized in the carbon monoxide oxidizer 26.

[0046] A ventilation system 1 according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure is the ventilation system 1 according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a first connection path 61 that can connect the supply path 12a of the sweep gas line 12 and the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22; a second connection path 62 that can connect the discharge path 12b of the sweep gas line 12 and the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22; The device is provided with flow path switching valves 71-76 that switch the flow paths of the indoor air 20 and the outdoor air 10 so that the outdoor air 10 flows from the supply path 12a to the return path 22b via the first connecting path 61, and the indoor air 20 flows from the delivery path 22a to the discharge path 12b via the second connecting path 62, and the flow of the indoor air 20 and the outdoor air 10 to the gas permeable membrane device 3 is blocked.

[0047] In the ventilation system 1 configured as described above, fresh outside air 10 is taken in from the outside 9 into the indoor space 2, and indoor air 20 is exhausted from the indoor space 2 to the outside 9, thereby enabling ventilation of the indoor space 2.

[0048] The shelter 5 according to the sixth item of the present disclosure is At least one evacuation room 50 having an interior space 2 closed to the outside 9; and a ventilation system 1 according to any one of the first to fifth items that ventilates the indoor space 2 of at least one evacuation room 50.

[0049] The ventilation system 1 relating to items 1 to 5 is suitable as a system for ventilating the evacuation room 50 of a shelter 5, and according to the present disclosure, a shelter 5 can be provided that is equipped with a ventilation system 1 that can suppress contamination of the indoor space 2.

[0050] The shelter 5 according to the seventh item of the present disclosure is the shelter 5 according to the sixth item, wherein at least one evacuation chamber 50 includes a plurality of evacuation chambers 50, the feed path 22a of the feed gas line 22 extends across the plurality of evacuation chambers 50, and an outlet 27 of the feed path 22a is arranged in each of the plurality of evacuation chambers 50, and the return path 22b of the feed gas line 22 extends across the plurality of evacuation chambers 50, and an outlet 27 of the return path 22b is arranged in each of the plurality of evacuation chambers 50.

[0051] Indoor air 20 can be sent from a plurality of evacuation chambers 50 to the gas permeable membrane device 3 arranged in one place in this manner through the feed gas line 22, and indoor air 20 can be returned to a plurality of evacuation chambers 50.

[0052] The computer-implemented functions described herein may be implemented in circuitry or processing circuitry, including general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, integrated circuits, ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), CPUs (Central Processing Units), conventional circuits, and / or combinations thereof, programmed to perform the described functions. Processors include transistors and other circuits and are considered circuitry or processing circuitry. A processor may also be a programmed processor that executes a program stored in memory. As used herein, a circuit, unit, or means is hardware that is programmed to perform or executes the described functions. The hardware may be any hardware disclosed herein or any hardware known to be programmed to perform or execute the described functions. When the hardware is a processor, which is considered a type of circuitry, the circuit, means, or unit is a combination of hardware and software used to configure the hardware and / or processor.

[0053] The foregoing discussion of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the form disclosed herein. For example, in the foregoing detailed description, various features of the present disclosure are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure, but some of the features may also be combined. Furthermore, the features included in the present disclosure may also be combined into alternative embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. [Explanation of symbols]

[0054] 1: Ventilation system 2:Indoor space 3: Gas permeable membrane device 5: Shelter 9 :External 10: Outside air 12: Sweep gas line 12a: Supply route 12b: Exhaust channel 14: Pre-filter 15:Second blower 16: Pressure adjusting valve 20: Indoor air 22: Feed gas line 22a: Feed path 22b: Return route 24: 1st blower 25: Harmful gas remover 26: Carbon monoxide oxidizer 30: Gas permeable membrane 31: First flow path 32: Second flow path 50: Evacuation room 61: First connecting road 62: Second connecting road 71-76: Flow path switching valve

Claims

1. A ventilation system for ventilating an indoor space that is closed to the outside, a gas-permeable membrane device having a gas-permeable membrane and a first flow path and a second flow path separated by the gas-permeable membrane; a feed gas line including a feed path for sending the indoor air from the indoor space to be purified to the first flow path of the gas permeable membrane device, and a return path for returning the purified indoor air from the first flow path to the indoor space, the feed gas line having a first fan for sending the indoor air to the first flow path; a sweep gas line including a supply path for supplying the outside air to the second flow path of the gas permeable membrane device, and a discharge path for discharging the outside air from the second flow path to the outside, the sweep gas line having a second blower for sending the outside air to the second flow path, and an air pressure regulating valve for regulating the pressure of the outside air passing through the second flow path so that the air pressure in the indoor space is the same as or higher than the air pressure outside, the gas-permeable membrane allows carbon dioxide in the room air flowing through the first flow path to permeate into the second flow path, and allows oxygen in the outside air passing through the second flow path to permeate into the first flow path, by utilizing a partial pressure difference between the room air and the outside air. Ventilation system.

2. The feed gas line has a harmful gas remover for removing harmful gases from the indoor air passing through the return path. The ventilation system of claim 1 .

3. the feed gas line has a carbon monoxide oxidizer that oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in the indoor air passing through the return path; The ventilation system of claim 1 .

4. the feed gas line has a carbon monoxide oxidizer that oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in the indoor air passing through the return path; 3. The ventilation system of claim 2.

5. a first connection path that can connect the supply path of the sweep gas line and the return path of the feed gas line; a second connection passage that can connect the discharge passage of the sweep gas line and the feed passage of the feed gas line; a flow path switching valve that switches the flow paths of the indoor air and the outdoor air so that the outdoor air flows from the supply path to the return path via the first connection path, the indoor air flows from the delivery path to the discharge path via the second connection path, and the flow of the indoor air and the outdoor air to the gas permeable membrane device is blocked. The ventilation system of claim 1 .

6. At least one evacuation room having an interior space closed to the outside; and a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which ventilates the indoor space of the at least one evacuation room. shelter.

7. the at least one evacuation chamber includes a plurality of evacuation chambers; the feed passage of the feed gas line extends across the plurality of evacuation chambers, and an outlet of the feed passage is disposed in each of the plurality of evacuation chambers; the return path of the feed gas line extends across the plurality of evacuation chambers, and an outlet of the return path is disposed in each of the plurality of evacuation chambers; The shelter of claim 6.

Images