Aerosol fire-extinguishing agent composition

Abstract

To provide an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition which can be used as a fire extinguishing agent when a fire occurs.SOLUTION: The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition is characterized in that the amount of a fire extinguishing agent (fire extinguishing concentration of aerosol) required for fire extinguishing specified in a cup burner test is 1200-1800 g / m3.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an aerosol fire extinguisher composition that can generate an aerosol upon combustion to extinguish and suppress a fire, and to an aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguisher that uses the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Common fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices are filled with a fine powder fire extinguishing agent. When activated, such fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices diffuse the fine powder fire extinguishing agent toward the flame, instantly generating radicals such as potassium radicals, which then capture hydrogen radicals, oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and the like that promote combustion reactions, thereby extinguishing the fire.

[0003] Fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices that use such powder-based fire extinguishing agents disperse the agent in its powder form, which results in large, bulky containers, and they are heavy because the containers must be able to withstand high pressure to spray the agent instantly.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 (Russian Patent Publication No. RU2357778 C2) discloses that, in order to realize a more compact fire extinguisher, an explosive composition composed of dicyandiamide as a fuel component and potassium nitrate as an oxidizer component is used, thereby making it possible to generate an aerosol containing potassium radicals derived from the oxidizer. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Russian Patent No. RU2357778 C2 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an aerosol fire extinguisher composition which, when used as a fire extinguisher in a fire extinguisher, fire extinguishing device, etc., can make the fire extinguisher, fire extinguishing device, etc. more compact and lightweight than powder-based fire extinguishing agents, and to provide an aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device that uses the aerosol fire extinguisher composition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for extinguishing a fire by reducing the amount of fire extinguishing agent (extinguishing concentration of aerosol) required for extinguishing a fire as specified in a cup burner test to 10 to 1000 g / m 3 The present invention provides an aerosol fire extinguishing composition characterized by:

[0008] The aerosol fire extinguishant composition according to the present invention comprises: (A) an aerosol generator component including at least one of ammonia, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a halogen; (B) an oxidizer component including at least one of a nitrate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a peroxide, and a metal oxide; Preferably, the composition comprises:

[0009] In the aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention, the aerosol generator component (A) is preferably at least one of an ammonium compound, a fluoride, a chloride, a bromide, an iodide, a lithium compound, a sodium compound, a cesium compound, a magnesium compound, and a calcium compound.

[0010] In the aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention, the oxidizer component (B) is preferably at least one of ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium chlorate, cesium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, magnesium chlorate, calcium chlorate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, strontium peroxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0011] The aerosol fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has an apparent density of 1.0 g / cm 3 It is preferable that this is equal to or greater than this.

[0012] The present invention also provides an aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device containing the aerosol fire extinguishing composition of the present invention. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention and the aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device using the same are not used by diffusing in powder form, but can be automatically ignited and burned in response to heat from a fire to generate an aerosol having a fire-extinguishing effect, which allows fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices to be made more compact and lightweight than those using powder-based fire extinguishing agents. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of a cup burner test device used to measure the extinguishing concentration of the aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a test method for confirming the fire extinguishing performance of an aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention (combustion space volume: 5 L). [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of a conventional cup burner test device used to measure the extinguishing concentration of a fire extinguishing gas agent. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of a comparative cup burner test device used to measure the flame-extinguishing concentration of an aerosol fire-extinguishing composition. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of another comparative cup burner test device used to measure the flame-extinguishing concentration of an aerosol fire-extinguishing composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, aerosol fire extinguisher compositions and aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing devices using the same according to representative embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to tables. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and various design modifications are possible. All embodiments having the technical features set forth in the claims are included in the present invention.

[0016] <Summary of the Invention> The present invention relates to an aerosol fire extinguishing composition, and specifically, to an aerosol fire extinguishing composition in which the amount of fire extinguishing agent required for extinguishing a fire as specified in a cup burner test (extinguishing concentration of aerosol) is 10 to 1000 g / m 3 (More preferably 150 to 900 g / m 3 Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for testing an aerosol fire extinguisher composition using a cup burner test method, as will be described in detail later.

[0017] The cup burner test is a method commonly used to test the performance of fire extinguishing gases. A cup burner is burned while fuel is supplied in a prescribed manner. Air is supplied from an air cylinder at a predetermined flow rate (e.g., 40 ml / min) to maintain combustion. Meanwhile, a fire extinguishing gas (aerosol in this specification) is introduced into the cup burner from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder at varying flow rates. The minimum amount of fire extinguishing agent (extinguishing concentration of aerosol) required to extinguish the cup burner flame is experimentally determined.

[0018] The extinguishing concentration is calculated by the formula: Tc = 100 × Vf / (40 + Vf), where Tc (%) is the extinguishing concentration and Vf (ml) is the average amount of extinguishing agent flowing in at the time of extinguishing. It is expressed as:

[0019] Since the present invention is directed to an aerosol fire extinguishant composition, in this specification the extinguishing concentration is determined using aerosol rather than extinguishing gas, and the extinguishing concentration is determined by connecting a combustion vessel that exothermically decomposes the aerosol generating agent instead of a fire extinguishing gas cylinder, and conducting an experiment while obtaining the inflow amount from the change in weight.

[0020] 1. Aerosol fire extinguishing composition The aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention comprises: (A) an aerosol generator component containing at least one of ammonia, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a halogen; and (B) an oxidizer component containing at least one of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and metal oxides.

[0021] The aerosol generator component (A) is a component that generates thermal energy by combustion with the oxidizer component (B) to generate an aerosol, or in other words, can be called a fuel, and contains at least one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens. That is, the aerosol generator component (A) is one or more types containing at least one molecule or element from among ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens.

[0022] The aerosol generator component (A) is preferably at least one of an ammonium compound, a fluoride, a chloride, a bromide, an iodide, a lithium compound, a sodium compound, a cesium compound, a magnesium compound, and a calcium compound.

[0023] Next, the oxidizer component (B) is a component that generates thermal energy by combustion together with the aerosol generator component (A), and includes at least one of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and metal oxides.

[0024] Among these, the oxidizer component (B) is preferably at least one of ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium chlorate, cesium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, magnesium chlorate, calcium chlorate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, strontium peroxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0025] Here, the content ratio of the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B) is approximately as follows, assuming that the total amount of the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B) is 100 mass %. Component (A): 10 to 70% by mass, preferably 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 30 to 50% by mass Ingredient (B): 30 to 90% by mass, preferably 40 to 80% by mass, more preferably 50 to 70% by mass

[0026] The aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention may contain additives necessary for molding, such as a binder, a plasticizer, a release agent, etc., in addition to the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B).

[0027] Furthermore, the aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention preferably contains a molding aid component (C) in addition to the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B). The molding aid component (C) is a binder, plasticizer, lubricant, etc. required for molding the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B), and may be, for example, any one of CMC-Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt), ethyl cellulose, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PVB (polyvinyl butyrate), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), starch, guar gum, carrageenan, gum arabic, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silica, alumina, mica, silica alumina, carbon graphite, stearates, and whiskers, with CMC-Na being preferred.

[0028] The content of the molding aid component (C) may be 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aerosol generator component (A) and the oxidizer component (B).

[0029] The aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention has a thermal decomposition onset temperature in the range of from more than 90° C. to 260° C., preferably from more than 150° C. to 260° C. The thermal decomposition onset temperature can be satisfied by combining the aerosol generator component (A), the oxidizer component (B), and the molding aid component (C) in the above-mentioned ratio.

[0030] The composition of the present invention satisfies the above-mentioned thermal decomposition temperature range, and therefore, when subjected to heat at the time of a fire, the aerosol generating component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) automatically ignite and burn, generating an aerosol derived from the aerosol generating component (A), thereby extinguishing the fire without using, for example, an ignition device or the like.

[0031] Furthermore, the ignition temperature of wood, a common indoor combustible material, is 260°C, and by setting the thermal decomposition temperature below 90°C, which is the general operating temperature of heat detectors in automatic fire alarm systems installed in places where fire is handled, it is possible to quickly extinguish the fire and prevent the heat detector from malfunctioning. In particular, since the maximum set temperature of heat detectors is 150°C, high versatility can be achieved by setting the lower limit of the thermal decomposition starting temperature above 150°C.

[0032] The form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be in the form of a powder or a molded product of a desired shape. Examples of molded products include granules, pellets of a desired shape (cylindrical, etc.), tablets, spheres, disks, etc. In the case of molded products, the apparent density is 1.0 g / cm. 3 It is preferable that the above is the case.

[0033] 2. Aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device Next, the automatic fire extinguisher according to the present invention can be in either a form that does not have an ignition means for igniting the aerosol generating agent, or a form that has an ignition means such as a known initiator or detonator for igniting the aerosol generating agent.

[0034] Among the automatic fire extinguishing devices according to the present invention, an automatic fire extinguishing device having no ignition means can be one in which the aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to the present invention is contained in a flammable or non-flammable container.

[0035] An automatic fire extinguisher in which the aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to the present invention is contained in a flammable container can be used, for example, by throwing the container into a flame.

[0036] On the other hand, an automatic fire extinguishing device in the form in which the aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention is contained in a non-flammable container can be used, for example, by sprinkling the composition through the opening of the container against a flammable object (such as the contents of a pot catching fire) during cooking.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to detect fires more quickly, the automatic fire extinguishing device of the present invention can be configured so that the composition of the present invention is contained in a container made of a material with good thermal conductivity (aluminum, copper, etc.), and the container can also have a fin structure for increasing the surface area in order to enhance the heat collection effect. This automatic fire extinguishing device can be used, for example, by being placed near various batteries, etc., to respond to the occurrence of a fire due to an unexpected ignition.

[0038] An automatic fire extinguisher having an ignition means can be a combination of a container that contains the aerosol fire extinguishant composition of the present invention as a fire extinguishing agent and an ignition means, and a heat sensor or the like that notifies the ignition means of the occurrence of a fire and activates it.

[0039] 3. Cup burner test method As mentioned above, the cup burner test is a method commonly used to test the performance of fire extinguishing gases. A cup burner device is burned while fuel is supplied in a specified manner, and air is supplied from an air cylinder at a predetermined flow rate (e.g., 40 ml / min) to maintain combustion. Meanwhile, a fire extinguishing gas (aerosol in this specification) is flowed into the cup burner device from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder at varying flow rates, and the minimum amount of fire extinguishing agent (extinguishing concentration of aerosol) required to extinguish the cup burner flame is experimentally determined.

[0040] The extinguishing concentration is used to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of gaseous fire extinguishing agents, and is the ratio of agent (fire extinguishing composition, fire extinguishing gas) to air when the flame is extinguished in a cup burner test. The extinguishing concentration, Tc (%), is expressed by the following formula, where Vf (ml) is the average amount of extinguishing agent inflow when the flame is extinguished. Formula: Tc=100×Vf / (40+Vf)

[0041] Here, in the conventional cup burner test, an apparatus having a configuration as shown in Fig. 3 was used, but since the aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to the present invention is not supplied from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder but is generated and supplied by spontaneous combustion, such a conventional apparatus cannot be used for the experiment. Therefore, the present inventors first investigated a method in which air supplied from an air cylinder is mixed with an aerosol generated by burning an aerosol fire extinguishing composition in a combustion container, and the resulting mixture is supplied to a cup burner apparatus.

[0042] That is, in the comparative cup burner test device shown in Fig. 4, the aerosol generated in a combustion vessel (chamber) is mixed with air in a branched line by the self-pressure generated when the aerosol fire extinguishant composition is burned, and the mixture is supplied to the cup burner device. In another comparative cup burner test device shown in Fig. 5, an air supply line is led into the combustion vessel (chamber), and the aerosol generated by burning the aerosol fire extinguishant composition in the combustion vessel is mixed with air, and the mixture is discharged from another outlet and supplied to the cup burner device.

[0043] The combustion chamber is filled with 0.75 L, and a solid (pellet-like) sample of the aerosol fire extinguisher composition is placed on a filter. A heater is then placed on top of the sample and the sample is burned. The mass change in the combustion chamber is then measured continuously (10 times / s) using a weighing scale. The pressure in the combustion chamber, the temperature in the combustion chamber, and the temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber are also measured continuously (100 times / s) using a data logger.

[0044] However, when the device shown in Figure 4 was used, both the mass flow rate and aerosol concentration showed very high values, and abnormal extinguishing was observed. We speculate that this was because a large amount of aerosol remained in the combustion chamber after the experiment, preventing the aerosol from being properly supplied to the cup burner device. The experimental conditions are as follows: Air volume flow rate: 40L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L Tube inner diameter: 4mm Sample diameter: 10mm, 20mm Number of samples: 1, 3 (φ10 mm)

[0045] Furthermore, when using the device shown in Figure 5, the aerosol concentration was measured within a predetermined range, and it was found that the mass flow rate could be controlled by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the solid (pellet-shaped) sample of the aerosol fire extinguishing composition, but fires were sometimes not extinguished. This was presumed to be because the upstream flow rate decreased due to pressure fluctuations (increases) during combustion, preventing a sufficient supply of aerosol. The experimental conditions are as follows: Air volume flow rate: 40L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L Sample cross-sectional area: 52.8~78.54mm 2 Number of samples: 1

[0046] Therefore, the inventors thought that pressure fluctuations could be alleviated by reducing the flow rate of air flowing into the combustion chamber, and devised a device with a configuration in which the air supply line is divided into two, as shown in Figure 1. In this device, the air is branched into two flows of 20 L / min each, and the combustion chamber is located on one side, after which the two flows merge.

[0047] When the device shown in Figure 1 was used, the aerosol could be mixed sufficiently, and the phenomenon of fluctuations (reductions) in the upstream air flow rate was improved. The experimental conditions are as follows: Air volume flow rate: 20L / min and 20L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L Sample cross-sectional area: 35.84~68.8mm 2 Number of samples: 1

[0048] Therefore, the present invention also provides a cup burner test device shown in FIG. 1, and also provides a method for measuring the flame-extinguishing concentration of an aerosol fire-extinguishing composition using the cup burner device.

[0049] 1, the cup burner test device 100 according to the present invention comprises an air cylinder 10, a pipe (line) 12 extending from the air cylinder 10, a first pipe (line) 14 and a second pipe (line) 16 branching off from the pipe 12 at point P, a combustion vessel 18 connected to the first pipe 14, and a weighing scale 20 on which the combustion vessel 18 is placed. The first pipe 14 and the second pipe 16 merge at point Q, and the aerosol generated by combustion in the combustion vessel 18 and the air that has passed through the second pipe 16 are mixed on the first pipe 14, and the mixture is supplied to the cup burner device 22. [Example]

[0050] Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The components (A), (B), and (C) shown in Table 1 were thoroughly mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 (as dry products not containing water or solvent), and 10 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of components (A), (B), and (C), and further mixed to obtain a water-wet mixture. The resulting water-wet mixture was dried in a thermostatic chamber at 110°C for 16 hours to obtain a dried product with a moisture content of 1% by mass or less. The dried product was crushed in an agate mortar and sized to a particle size of 500 μm or less to obtain a crushed product. Next, 2.0 g of the pulverized material was packed into a predetermined die (mortar) with an inner diameter of 9.6 mm, a punch was inserted, and the surface pressure was increased to 220.5 MPa (2250 kg / cm) using a hydraulic pump. 2 ) for 5 seconds each, to obtain a molded product of the aerosol fire extinguisher composition.

[0051] [Cup burner test] The cup burner test was carried out using the apparatus shown in Figure 1 in the manner described above, and the flame-extinguishing concentration was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] [Fire extinguishing test] The test was carried out using the apparatus shown in Figure 2. An iron wire mesh 2 was placed on a support stand 1, and the composition (molded product) 6 of the example or comparative example was placed in the center of the wire mesh 2. A transparent container (5 L) made of heat-resistant glass was placed on top of the wire mesh 2, and all parts of the container were sealed except for the part facing the wire mesh 2. In addition, a dish 5 containing 100 ml of n-heptane as an ignition agent was placed directly below the composition 6 via the wire mesh 2. In this state, n-heptane was ignited to generate flame 7, and composition 6 was heated to generate an aerosol, and it was observed whether or not flame 7 could be extinguished. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] [Table 1]

[0054] As can be seen from Table 1, when the aerosol fire extinguisher compositions according to the examples were used, the fires were instantly extinguished in all cases. When the aerosol fire extinguisher compositions according to the comparative examples were used, the intensity of the fires was temporarily reduced, but the fires were not extinguished. [Industrial Applicability]

[0055] The aerosol fire extinguisher composition of the present invention can be used as a fire extinguisher when a fire occurs. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1, 11 Support stand 2 wire mesh 3, 13 container 5 Fire starter tray 6. Aerosol fire extinguishing composition 7, 17 Flame 12 Piping

Claims

1. Contains an aerosol generating agent component and an oxidizing agent component, the aerosol generator component and the oxidizer component are components that combust together to generate thermal energy and generate an aerosol derived from the aerosol generator component, When the total amount of the aerosol generator component and the oxidizer component is taken as 100% by mass, the content of the aerosol generator component is 10 to 70% by mass and the content of the oxidizer component is 30 to 90% by mass, The aerosol generating agent component and the oxidizing agent component are automatically ignited and burned in a thermal decomposition temperature range of more than 90°C to 260°C to generate an aerosol derived from the aerosol generating agent component. composition.

2. the composition includes a molding aid component, the molding aid component is any one of a binder, a plasticizer, a release agent, and a lubricant; The content ratio of the molding aid component is 0.1 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aerosol generator component and the oxidizer component. The composition of claim 1.

3. The content ratios of the aerosol generator component, the oxidizer component, and the molding aid component are adjusted so that the thermal decomposition starting temperature is set to a desired temperature. The composition of claim 2.

4. the aerosol generator component includes at least one of ammonia, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a halogen; The composition of claim 1.

5. The aerosol generator component includes at least one of tripotassium citrate, dicyandiamide, and nitrocellulose. The composition of claim 1.

6. the oxidizer component comprises at least one of a nitrate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a peroxide, and a metal oxide; The composition of claim 1.

7. The oxidizer component includes at least one of potassium chlorate and potassium nitrate. The composition of claim 1.

8. the molding aid component is any one of CMC-Na (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt), ethyl cellulose, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone), starch, guar gum, carrageenan, gum arabic, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silica, alumina, mica, silica alumina, carbon graphite, stearates, and whiskers; The composition of claim 1.

9. The molding aid component is CMC-Na (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt), The composition of claim 1.

10. 10 parts by mass of water is added to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aerosol generator component, the oxidizer component, and the molding aid component, and the mixture is mixed and dried until the moisture content is 1% by mass or less. The composition of claim 1.

11. Apparent density is 1.0 g / cm ３ The aerosol fire extinguisher composition according to claim 1, wherein

12. An aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguisher comprising the aerosol-generating fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1 or 2.

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