Paint thinner formulation

Abstract

To provide an improved paint thinner formulation that achieves high solvency and surface adhesion of paint, enhances applicability, and reduces inconsistencies such as lumps and bubbling, and to also provide a paint thinner formulation having optimum viscosity and volatility.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a paint thinner formulation that comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol and a solvency promotor. The solvency promotor is (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a paint diluent. More particularly, the present invention relates to a paint diluent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter. The present invention also relates to a novel solubility-promoting compound of formula (3) for use as a solubility promoter in the paint diluent. [Background technology]

[0002] Mineral turpentine (MTO) is widely preferred and recommended by major paint manufacturers as a paint thinner for most general coating applications. In recent years, the rapid growth of the real estate and related infrastructure industries has led to a significant increase in paint and thinner consumption. With this growth, the paint industry has also significantly diversified its product portfolio, requiring more specialized thinners.

[0003] CN11154319 discloses a highly efficient paint diluent containing (a) 3-15 wt% emulsifier, (b) 18-30 wt% ethyl acetate, (c) 18-30 wt% preservative, (d) 3-15 wt% ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, (e) 5-10 wt% calcium carbonate, (f) 3-8 wt% ammonia, (g) 10-20 wt% butyl acetate, (h) 1-5 wt% butanol, and (i) 10-20 wt% isophorone.

[0004] CN11154310 discloses the preparation of a paint thinner with high solvency, environmental friendliness, and energy saving. The thinner consists of 2-10% sunflower oil, 20-30% ethyl acetate, 20-30% acetone, 2-10% ammonia, 5-10% emulsifier, 3-8% antioxidant, 10-20% butyl acetate, 1-6% glycerin, and 10-20% calcium carbonate.

[0005] WO2023010764 discloses the preparation and application of a high-flash-point, environmentally friendly diluent. The present invention relates to the field of paint diluents and provides a high-flash-point, environmentally friendly diluent, a preparation method thereof, and applications thereof. The paint diluent of the present invention is prepared from the following raw materials (mass ratio): 40-65 parts tripropylene glycol ether, 20-30 parts cyclohexanediol monomethyl ether, 10-20 parts tetrabutyl orthosilicate, 5-25 parts dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and 8-15 parts acetate ester. This diluent is fresh and odorless, healthy, safe, harmless, green, and environmentally friendly. It has excellent dilution power, a wide dilution range, can be used to dilute conventional paints on-site, and has a fast film-forming rate and a compact coating film.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for improved paint thinners that not only achieve high solvency and surface adhesion of the paint, improving application, but also reducing unevenness such as clumping and bubbling. Similarly, the optimal drying time significantly affects the quality of the paint application. If the paint dries too quickly, it will lose adhesion and cause blistering. On the other hand, if it dries too slowly, it will lose gloss and the paint thickness will become inconsistent. Therefore, a thinner with optimal viscosity and volatility is ideal. Another important characteristic of paint thinners is "gloss," a quantifiable parameter that defines the quality of the finish / paint.

[0007] A primary object of the present invention is to provide a paint thinner.

[0008] A second object of the present invention is to provide a paint diluent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter.

[0009] A third object of the present invention is to provide a paint diluent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter comprising the novel compound (3).

[0010] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a novel solubility-promoting compound (3).

[0011] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the novel solubility promoter compound (3).

[0012] A sixth object of the present invention is to provide a paint thinner having improved solvency, dry time, gloss, and adhesion. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This summary introduces in a simplified form some concepts that are further described in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention, nor is it intended to delineate the scope of the invention.

[0014] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided that includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter.

[0015] In one embodiment, there is provided a paint diluent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter, the paint diluent containing 87-89.8% aliphatic hydrocarbon, 5-7% aromatic hydrocarbon, 2-3% alcohol, and 0.1-0.2% solubility promoter.

[0016] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral turpentine oil (MTO), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, and combinations thereof.

[0017] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral turpentine oil (MTO), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, and combinations thereof.

[0018] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, mixed xylenes, toluene, benzene, naphthalene, styrene, isopropylbenzene, methoxybenzene, and combinations thereof.

[0019] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, mixed xylenes, toluene, benzene, and combinations thereof.

[0020] In one embodiment, a paint dilution formulation is provided, wherein the alcohol comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, glycerin, isobutyl alcohol, methanol, isopentyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and combinations thereof.

[0021] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the alcohol comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, isobutyl alcohol, methanol, sec-butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and combinations thereof.

[0022] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided wherein the solubility promoter is selected from the group consisting of phenoxazines, phenothiazines, quinone-based heterocycles, furans, pyrroles, thiophenes, indoles, benzofurans, carbazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, imidazoles, oxazoles, pyrazoles, pyridazines, pyrimidines, purines, antipyrines, and combinations thereof.

[0023] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the solubility enhancer is an antipyrine-based solubility enhancer.

[0024] In one embodiment, a paint thinning agent is provided that includes mineral turpentine, xylene, diacetone alcohol, and an antipyrine-based solubility enhancer.

[0025] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided that contains 87 to 89.8% mineral turpentine, 5 to 7% xylene, 2 to 3% diacetone alcohol, and 0.1 to 0.2% antipyrine dissolution promoter.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided in which the solubility promoter is (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide or a compound of formula (3): Compound of formula (3) TIFF2025137325000001.tif8763

[0027] In a further embodiment, the compound of formula (3) is (C 19 H 15 F3N4O4).

[0028] In another embodiment, there is provided a method for preparing a compound of formula (3), comprising the steps of: a) mixing 4-aminoantipyrine (1) and 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2) in dry acetone to obtain a reaction mixture; b) refluxing the reaction mixture for 30 minutes to obtain a product mixture; c) cooling the resulting product mixture at room temperature; d) pouring the cooled product mixture into ice-cold water to precipitate, thereby obtaining a precipitate; e) filtering the precipitate and washing with 1000 ml of hot water; f) drying the washed precipitate at 40°C to obtain a dry precipitate; and g) purifying the dried precipitate to obtain the solubility-promoting compound (3) 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] In the following, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, a specific description will be given with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of changes and further modifications to the illustrated system, as well as further applications of the principles of the illustrated invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The systems, methods, and examples provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0030] Before the present processes and methods are described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the compounds, formulas, or steps described, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, but is not intended to be limiting.

[0031] Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the publications are cited.

[0032] As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms "a," "and," and "the" include plural referents unless the context dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a "compound" includes a plurality of compounds, reference to a "step" includes a reference to one or more steps and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.

[0033] The term "some," as used herein, is defined as "none, or one, or one or more, or all." Thus, the terms "none," "one," "one or more," "one or more but not all," or "all" fall under all definitions of "some." The term "some embodiments" can refer to no embodiments, one embodiment, several embodiments, or all embodiments. Thus, the term "some embodiments" means "none, one embodiment, two or more embodiments, or all embodiments."

[0034] The terms and structures used herein are intended to describe and teach certain embodiments and their specific features and elements, and are not intended to limit, restrict, or narrow the spirit and scope of the claims or their equivalents.

[0035] More specifically, the terms "comprise," "comprise," "have," "consist," and grammatical variations thereof as used herein do not specify precise limitations or restrictions, nor do they exclude additional possibilities. Unless otherwise specified, they do not exclude the possibility of adding one or more features or elements, and further, unless otherwise specified by the restrictive language "MUST comprise" or "NEEDS TO include," they should not be interpreted as excluding the possibility of removing one or more of the listed features and elements.

[0036] A feature or element may be referred to as "one or more features," "one or more elements," "at least one feature," or "at least one element," whether or not limited to a single use. Furthermore, the use of the terms "one or more" or "at least one" feature or element does not exclude the absence of that feature or element, unless otherwise specified, such as "one or more... are required" or "one or more elements are essential."

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, particularly technical and / or scientific terms, may be assumed to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0038] Reference is made herein to several "embodiments." It should be understood that an embodiment is one example of a possible implementation of any feature and / or element recited in the claims. Some embodiments are described for the purpose of highlighting one or more potential ways in which a particular feature and / or element of the claims may satisfy the requirements of uniqueness, usefulness, and non-obviousness.

[0039] The use of phrases and / or terms such as “first embodiment,” “further embodiment,” “alternative embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “multiple embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “other embodiments,” “further embodiments,” “additional embodiments,” or variations thereof does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Unless otherwise specified, one or more particular features and / or elements described in the context of one or more embodiments may also be found in one, multiple, all, or none of the embodiments. Although one or more features and / or elements may be described herein in the context of only a single embodiment, or alternatively in the context of multiple embodiments, or further alternatively in the context of all embodiments, these features and / or elements may instead be provided separately, in any suitable combination, or not provided at all. Conversely, any features and / or elements described in the context of separate embodiments may also be present together in the context of a single embodiment.

[0040] Any specific details described herein may be used in some embodiments and therefore should not necessarily be construed as limiting elements of the claims. The claims and their legal equivalents may be used in embodiments other than the embodiments used as examples in the following description.

[0041] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The present invention relates to a paint thinner containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter. The paint thinner of the present invention exhibits higher solvency and improves the surface adhesion of the paint. Because rapid drying of paint can cause a decrease in adhesion and swelling, optimal drying time improves gloss and adhesion, thereby expanding the range of applications and reducing unevenness such as clumping and bubbling. The present invention also relates to a paint thinner containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter including novel compound (3).

[0043] The present invention also relates to a novel solubility enhancer compound (3).

[0044] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the novel solubility promoter compound (3).

[0045] The present invention also relates to paint thinners for general paint applications that have excellent overall finish (gloss) and performance. Solvent power is considered one of the core properties that affect the dry time, gloss, and overall finish of a paint.

[0046] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided that includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter.

[0047] In one embodiment, there is provided a paint diluent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a solubility promoter, the paint diluent containing 87-89.8% aliphatic hydrocarbon, 5-7% aromatic hydrocarbon, 2-3% alcohol, and 0.1-0.2% solubility promoter.

[0048] In one embodiment, the paint diluent is provided, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral turpentine oil (MTO), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral turpentine oil (MTO), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, and combinations thereof.

[0050] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, mixed xylenes, toluene, benzene, naphthalene, styrene, isopropylbenzene, methoxybenzene, and combinations thereof.

[0051] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, mixed xylenes, toluene, benzene, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In one embodiment, a paint dilution formulation is provided, wherein the alcohol comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, glycerin, isobutyl alcohol, methanol, isopentyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and combinations thereof.

[0053] In one preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the alcohol comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, isobutyl alcohol, methanol, sec-butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and combinations thereof.

[0054] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided wherein the solubility promoter is selected from the group consisting of phenoxazines, phenothiazines, quinone-based heterocycles, furans, pyrroles, thiophenes, indoles, benzofurans, carbazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, imidazoles, oxazoles, pyrazoles, pyridazines, pyrimidines, purines, antipyrines, and combinations thereof.

[0055] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided, wherein the solubility enhancer is an antipyrine-based solubility enhancer.

[0056] In one embodiment, a paint thinning agent is provided that includes mineral turpentine, xylene, diacetone alcohol, and an antipyrine-based solubility enhancer.

[0057] In one embodiment, a paint diluent is provided that contains 87 to 89.8% mineral turpentine, 5 to 7% xylene, 2 to 3% diacetone alcohol, and 0.1 to 0.2% antipyrine dissolution promoter.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, a paint diluent is provided in which the solubility promoter is (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide or a compound of formula (3): Compounds of formula (3): TIFF2025137325000002.tif8763

[0059] In a further embodiment, the compound of formula (3) is (C 19 H 15 F3N4O4).

[0060] In another embodiment, there is provided a method for preparing a compound of formula (3), comprising the steps of: a) mixing 4-aminoantipyrine (1) and 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2) in dry acetone to obtain a reaction mixture; b) refluxing the resulting reaction mixture for 30 minutes to obtain a product mixture; c) cooling the resulting product mixture at room temperature; d) pouring the cooled product mixture into ice-cold water to precipitate, thereby obtaining a precipitate; e) filtering the precipitate and washing with 1000 ml of hot water; f) drying the washed precipitate at 40°C to obtain a dry precipitate; and g) purifying the resulting dried precipitate to obtain the solubility-promoting compound (3) 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide.

[0061] MTO-based paint thinners (also called thinners, solvents, and formulations) were prepared and their dissolving power was evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy.

[0062] Further studies were carried out through Sigma Test and Research Centre (NABL accredited laboratory) to evaluate the superiority of the paint thinners in terms of gloss, drying time, surface adhesion and conformance to all other specifications as per IS:2932:2003 and IS:101 (BIS standards for paints).

[0063] <Preparation of the solubility-promoting compound of formula (3)> The starting materials, 4-aminoantipyrine (2.03 g, 10 mmol) and 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2.53 g, 10 mmol), were thoroughly mixed in dry acetone, and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 min. After the reaction was complete, the product mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the crude mixture was poured into ice-cold water. The pale yellow precipitate that formed was filtered, washed thoroughly with hot water (1000 mL), and dried at 40 °C. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 100-200 mesh, ethyl acetate:hexane = 1:1) to give 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide (3) as pale yellow crystals (75%). TIFF2025137325000003.tif77163

[0064] 1.1. Preparation and analysis of MTO blends First, we prepared blends with plain MTO. The organic components xylene, diacetone alcohol, and a dissolution promoter (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide, Compound 3) were used as blend components. The compositions of the various blends are shown in Table 1. Notably, when compared with solvent systems or paint thinners without dissolution promoters, F-3 was found to be a superior solvent system for improving the solvency of paints. Furthermore, when the concentration of compound (3) in F-3 was varied, 0.2% was found to be the optimum concentration for improving the dissolving power. Therefore, in further formulations of paint diluents, the concentration of the dissolution promoter was set at 0.2%.

[0065] [Table 1]

[0066] <Sample preparation for UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis> 100 mg of each type of paint was placed in a 10 mL glass vial. 5 mL of each of the different paint diluents was slowly added to the paint over 2 hours without stirring. 3 mL of the supernatant was then filtered through a nylon membrane (0.2 μM) and UV-visible spectra were recorded.

[0067] Performance: Gloss, dry time, abrasion resistance, and adhesion The performance evaluation was carried out by Sigma Testing Lab (NABL Accredited) as per the mandatory paint specifications of IS:2932:2003 and IS:101.

[0068] <Evaluation results and discussion> Solving power: UV-visible spectroscopy Considering the complete visible wavelength range (400-800 nm), yellow (complementary λ = 420-450 nm), red (complementary λ = 480-520 nm), and blue (complementary λ = 700-750 nm) color pigments were selected to maximize coverage. Note that because the selected colors are basic colors, most other possible color combinations can be prepared by proportionally blending two or more of these three colors.

[0069] The following paints from major manufacturers were selected for evaluation: 1) Asian Paint Premium Enamel (Yellow), Asian Paint Premium Enamel (Red), and 2) Asian Paint Premium Enamel (Blue). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0070] [Table 2]

[0071] According to the UV-visible spectroscopy results, F-3 showed superior performance with a better flash point, so F-3 was selected for further solubility and gloss enhancement studies.

[0072] Performance: Gloss, dry time, abrasion resistance, and adhesion without solubility enhancers Performance screening was performed by Sigma Test Lab on red, yellow, and blue paints. All tests were performed using a paint to thinner ratio of 3:1 (V / V). The results are shown in Tables 3-5.

[0073] [Table 3]

[0074] [Table 4]

[0075] [Table 5]

[0076] As can be seen from the above results, paint thinner (F-3) showed a significant improvement in gloss (over 12.2% for red, over 15% for yellow, and over 16% for blue compared to base MTO) in terms of reduction in paint thickness, shorter drying time, and improved abrasion resistance. It also showed performance equivalent to base MTO in terms of adhesion and hardness.

[0077] The MTO-based blend was developed for high-end paint dilution applications. This dilution was tested in a variety of paints and externally certified to demonstrate significant gloss improvements (12.2% in red paints, 15% in yellow paints, and 16% in blue paints), excellent abrasion resistance, and reduced drying time. This paint dilution was also externally tested in a NABL-certified laboratory and certified to meet full specifications in accordance with IS 2932:2003 and IS:101. Additionally, the addition of a solubility enhancer (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide, compound 3) (50 μM or 0.2%) improved solvency, gloss, and drying time.

[0078] [Table 6]

[0079] Advantages of the present invention The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: The paint thinners of the present invention show significantly improved gloss (12.2% for red paints, 15% for yellow paints, and 16% for blue paints). This thinner is excellent for reducing the amount of paint thinner used to dilute paint. This thinner significantly reduces drying time compared to the base solvent (MTO). This thinner provides excellent abrasion resistance to paints.

Claims

1. Paint thinning agents, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and solubility promoters.

2. The paint diluent according to claim 1, A paint diluent comprising 87 to 89.8% of the aliphatic hydrocarbon, 5 to 7% of the aromatic hydrocarbon, 2 to 3% of the alcohol, and 0.1 to 0.2% of the dissolution promoter.

3. The paint diluent according to claim 1, A paint diluent, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral turpentine (MTO), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, and combinations thereof.

4. The paint diluent according to claim 1, A paint diluent, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, mixed xylenes, toluene, benzene, naphthalene, styrene, isopropylbenzene, methoxybenzene, and combinations thereof.

5. The paint diluent according to claim 1, A paint diluent, wherein the alcohol comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, glycerin, isobutyl alcohol, methanol, isopentyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and combinations thereof.

6. The paint diluent according to claim 1, a paint diluent, wherein the solubility promoter is selected from the group consisting of phenoxazines, phenothiazines, quinone-based heterocycles, furans, pyrroles, thiophenes, indoles, benzofurans, carbazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, imidazoles, oxazoles, pyrazoles, pyridazines, pyrimidines, purines, antipyrines, and combinations thereof;

7. Paint thinner containing mineral turpentine, xylene, diacetone alcohol, and antipyrine-based solubility enhancer.

8. The paint diluent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, A paint diluent, wherein the dissolution promoter is (4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide.

9. A compound of formula (3).

10. A process for preparing a compound of formula (3), comprising the steps of: h) mixing 4-aminoantipyrine (1) and 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2) in dry acetone to obtain a reaction mixture; i) refluxing the reaction mixture for 30 minutes to obtain a product mixture; j) cooling the product mixture at room temperature; k) pouring the cooled product mixture into ice-cold water to precipitate, thereby obtaining a precipitate; l) filtering the precipitate and washing with 1000 ml of hot water; m) drying the washed precipitate at 40°C to obtain a dried precipitate; n) purifying the dried precipitate to obtain the solubility-promoting compound (3) 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-nitrobenzamide; A method comprising:

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