Central unit, communication method, and distributed unit

Abstract

To improve communication quality / throughput.SOLUTION: A central unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives results measured by a terminal, and a control unit that controls the transmission of information regarding at least one candidate for one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells to a distributed unit in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a central unit, a communication method and a distributed unit in a next generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In existing wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedures are being considered.

[0006] However, the LTM procedure has not been thoroughly studied. If the LTM procedure is not performed properly, there is a risk that communication quality / throughput will be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a central unit, a communication method, and a distributed unit that can improve communication performance / throughput. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A central unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives results measured by a terminal, and a control unit that controls the transmission of information regarding at least one candidate for one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells to a distributed unit in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, communication quality / throughput can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an example of the LTM procedure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows an example of an LTM CSC MAC CE. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows a first example of an LTM procedure according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a second example of the LTM procedure according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5]FIG. 5 shows a third example of the LTM procedure according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (Inter-cell mobility) The UE may perform UL transmission to one or more cells / TRPs. The following scenario 1 or scenario 2 may be considered as a procedure in this case. In the present disclosure, the serving cell may be interpreted as a TRP in the serving cell. Layer 1 / layer 2 (L1 / L2) and DCI / Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) may be interpreted as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a physical cell identity (PCI) different from the physical cell identity (PCI) of the current serving cell may be simply referred to as a "different PCI." A non-serving cell, a cell having a different PCI, and an additional cell may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0012] <Scenario 1 (Rel.17)> Scenario 1 corresponds to, for example, multi-TRP inter-cell mobility, but may also be a scenario that does not correspond to multi-TRP inter-cell mobility.

[0013] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the configuration necessary to use radio resources for data transmission and reception, including SSB configuration for beam measurement of a TRP corresponding to a PCI different from that of the serving cell, and resources of the different PCI. (2) The UE performs beam measurement of the TRPs corresponding to different PCIs and reports the beam measurement results to the serving cell. (3) Based on the above report, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states associated with the TRPs corresponding to different PCIs are activated by L1 / L2 signaling from the serving cell. (4) The UE transmits and receives using UE-dedicated channels on TRPs corresponding to different PCIs. (5) The UE must always cover the serving cell, including in the case of multiple TRPs. As in conventional systems, the UE must use common channels from the serving cell, such as the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and the Paging Channel (PCH).

[0014] In Scenario 1, when the UE transmits and receives signals to and from an additional cell / TRP (a TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the serving cell assumed by the UE) is not changed. The UE is configured with higher layer parameters related to the PCI of non-serving cells from the serving cell. Scenario 1 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0015] Assume that a UE moves from a cell (serving cell) with PCI#1 to a cell (additional cell) with PCI#3 (which overlaps with the serving cell). In this case, Rel. 17 does not support switching of the serving cell via L1 / L2.

[0016] An additional cell is a cell with an additional PCI that is different from the PCI of the serving cell. The UE can receive / transmit UE-dedicated channels from the additional cell. The UE needs to be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short messages). When the UE moves out of the coverage of the serving cell, a cell change is required, for example, by handover (also known as L3 mobility).

[0017] <Scenario 2 (Rel.18)> In scenario 2, L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility, the serving cell can be changed using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. In other words, transmission and reception with an additional cell is possible without handover. Since handover requires RRC reconnection and creates a period when data communication is unavailable, by applying L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility that does not require handover, data communication can be continued even when the serving cell is changed. Scenario 2 may be applied in Rel. 18, for example. In scenario 2, for example, the following procedure is performed.

[0018] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the SSB configuration of a cell (additional cell) with a different PCI for beam measurement / serving cell change. (2) The UE performs beam measurements of cells using different PCIs and reports the measurement results to the serving cell. (3) The UE may receive a configuration of a cell with a different PCI (serving cell configuration) through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). That is, a pre-configuration regarding a serving cell change may be performed. This configuration may be performed together with the configuration in (1) or separately. (4) Based on the above report, the TCI states of cells with different PCIs may be activated by L1 / L2 signaling according to the change of serving cell. The activation of the TCI states and the change of serving cell may be performed separately. (5) The UE changes the serving cell (assumed serving cell) and starts receiving / transmitting using the pre-configured UE-specific channel and TCI state.

[0019] That is, in Scenario 2, the serving cell (the assumed serving cell in the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may be applied in Rel. 18.

[0020] In Rel.18, the serving cell is switched by L1 / L2 (e.g., DCI / MAC CE). The UE can receive / transmit UE-dedicated channels / common channels to / from the new serving cell (or target serving cell). The UE may move out of the coverage of the current serving cell.

[0021] <Rel.18 LTM> The main motivation for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) is to reduce disruption time (in RACH-based cell switches). LTM has several characteristics: ◆Handover can be performed without RACH / RRC reconfiguration / MAC reset. ◆ One or more candidate cells are in the same CU as the serving cell. ◆ One or more candidate cells may be on the same or different frequency as the serving cell.

[0022] After the UE receives the LTM configuration (LTM-Config) from the serving cell, several steps are performed before making a cell switch decision to one or more candidate cells: ◆ DL synchronization [between the UE and one or more candidate cells] ◆L1 measurement report ◆ UL synchronization [between the UE and one or more candidate cells] ◆TCI state activation [from serving cell to UE]

[0023] The serving cell then determines the cell switch and selects one target cell from one or more candidate cells, and sends a cell switch command (CSC, LTM cell switch command) MAC CE to the UE. The CSC MAC CE contains some information for the target cell of the cell switch (among one or more candidate cells): ◆Setting ID [to indicate the target cell] ◆TCI Status ID Timing advance (TA) value ◆CFRA Resource Index (optional)

[0024] As shown in the example of Figure 1, the LTM procedure includes LTM preparation, early synchronization, LTM execution, and LTM completion. In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE sends a Measurement Report message to the gNB (S1). The gNB determines the LTM configuration and starts LTM preparation. The gNB sends an RRC Reconfiguration message to the UE, including multiple LTM candidate configurations (S2). The UE stores the multiple LTM candidate configurations and sends an RRC Reconfiguration message to the gNB (S3).

[0025] In early synchronization, the UE performs DL synchronization with one or more LTM candidate cells before receiving a cell switch command. The UE may activate and deactivate one or more TCI states of one or more LTM candidate cells as triggered by the gNB (MAC CE for candidate cell TCI state activation / deactivation from the gNB) (S4a). The UE may perform UL synchronization with one or more LTM candidate cells before receiving a cell switch command by using UE-based TA measurements, if configured, and / or by transmitting preambles to the candidate cells as triggered by the gNB. If UE-based TA measurements are configured, the UE acquires one or more TA values ​​of one or more candidate cells through measurements. The UE performs early TA acquisition with one or more candidate cells as requested by the network before receiving a cell switch command. This is done via CFRA triggered by a PDCCH order from the source cell, after which the UE transmits preambles to the indicated candidate cells. To minimize data interruption due to CFRA to the source cell, the UE does not receive a random access response from the network for the purpose of TA value acquisition, and the TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell switch command. The UE does not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell, but relies on the network implementation to ensure the validity of the TA (S4b).

[0026] In LTM execution, the UE performs L1 measurements on one or more configured LTM candidate cells and sends an L1 measurement report to the gNB. L1 measurements should be performed as long as RRC reconfiguration (S2) is applicable. The UE can also send an L3 measurement report to the gNB (S5) containing beam-level measurement results on one or more cells configured as one or more LTM candidate cells according to the received network configuration. The gNB [determines LTM and] performs a cell switch to the target cell and sends an LTM cell switch command MAC CE to trigger the cell switch by including a target configuration ID indicating the index of the candidate configuration of the target cell, a beam indicated by the TCI state or a beam indicated by the DL / UL TCI state, and a timing advance command for the target cell, if available. The UE switches to the target cell and applies the candidate configuration indicated by the target configuration ID (S6). The UE [detaches from the source, applies the target configuration, and] performs a random access procedure to the target cell if it does not have a valid TA for the target cell (S7).

[0027] In LTM completion, the UE completes the LTM cell switch procedure by sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target cell. If the UE performed an RA procedure in S7, the UE considers the LTM cell switch execution to be successfully completed when the random access procedure is successfully completed. In RACH-less LTM, the UE considers the LTM cell switch execution to be successfully completed when the network determines that the UE's first UL data has been successfully received (S8).

[0028] S4 through S8 can be performed multiple times in subsequent LTM cell switch executions using one or more LTM candidate configurations provided in S3.

[0029] The order of the steps in the LTM procedure is not limited to this example.

[0030] As described above, the UE that has received the CSC MAC CE performs a RACH-based or RACH-less cell switch (connection) to the target cell, and then transmits the first UL thereafter to the serving cell.

[0031] After RRC reconfiguration of the LTM candidate cell, early DL / UL synchronization with the candidate cell is performed by the UE.

[0032] The LTM decision at the source gNB is based on L1 measurement reports from the UE.

[0033] RACH to the target cell after receiving the cell switch command may or may not be performed (RACH-based LTM) depending on whether the UE has a valid TA to the target cell.

[0034] The UE completes the LTM cell switch procedure [by sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target cell]. In RACH-based LTM, the UE considers the LTM execution to be completed successfully when the random access procedure is completed successfully. In RACH-less LTM, the UE considers the LTM execution to be completed successfully when it determines that the NW has successfully received the UE's first UL data. The UE determines the successful reception of the UE's first UL data by receiving a PDCCH in the target cell that schedules a new transmission following the first UL data and is addressed to the UE's C-RNTI.

[0035] <LTM CSC MAC CE> Figure 2 shows an example of an LTM CSC MAC CE. The LTM CSC MAC CE is identified by a MAC subheader with eLCID. The MAC CE has the following fields and is of variable size:

[0036] ◆R: Reserved bit, this field is set to 0.

[0037] ◆ Target Configuration ID: This field corresponds to ltm-CandidateId minus 1 and indicates the index of the candidate target configuration to be applied to the LTM cell switch. The length of this field is 3 bits.

[0038] ◆ Timing Advance Command: This field indicates whether TA is valid for the LTM target cell (i.e., the special cell (SpCell) corresponding to the target configuration indicated by the Target Configuration ID field). If the value of this field is set to FFF, this field indicates that there is no valid timing adjustment applicable to the PTAG of the LTM target cell; otherwise, this field indicates the index value T that is used to control the amount of timing adjustment that the MAC entity should apply. A and the UE can skip the random access procedure for the LTM cell switch. If, in the LTM target cell, tag-Id-ptr is set for the TCI state indicated by the UL TCIID field, if present, or by the TCI State ID field otherwise, and tag-Id-ptr is set to the value n1, this field indicates the TA for the TAG pointed to by the tag2-Id of the LTM target cell; otherwise, this field indicates the TA for the TAG pointed to by the tag-Id of the LTM target cell. The length of this field is 12 bits.

[0039] ◆ TCI State ID: This field indicates and activates the TCI state for the LTM target cell (i.e., the SpCell corresponding to the target configuration indicated by the Target Configuration ID field). That TCI state is identified by TCI-StateId in ltm-DL-OrJointTCI-StateToAddModList. If the value of unifiedTCI-StateType in ltm-TCI-Info of the configuration indicated by the Target Configuration ID field is joint, then this field is for the joint TCI state; otherwise, this field is for the DL TCI state. The length of this field is 7 bits.

[0040] ◆UL TCI State ID: This field indicates and activates the UL TCI state for the LTM target cell (i.e., the SpCell corresponding to the target configuration indicated by the Target Configuration ID field). That UL TCI state is identified by TCI-UL-StateId in ltm-UL-TCI-StateToAddModList. The octet containing this field is included if the value of unifiedTCI-StateType in ltm-TCI-Info of the configuration indicated by the Target Configuration ID field is separate. The length of this field is 6 bits.

[0041] ◆C: This field indicates the presence of multiple contention-free random access (CFRA) resource fields. If the value of this field is set to 1, the following fields are present: random access preamble index field, S / U field, SS / PBCH index field, PRACH mask index field, repetition number field, and reserved bits in the same octet. If the value of this field is set to 0, these fields are not present.

[0042] ◆S / U: This field indicates which UL carrier transmits the PRACH of the CFRA resource. If the value of this field is set to 1, the supplementary uplink (SUL) is used, otherwise NUL is used. The length of this field is 1 bit.

[0043] ◆ Random Access Preamble Index: This field indicates the random access preamble index of multiple CFRA resources. This field should not be set to 0b000000. The length of this field is 6 bits.

[0044] ◆ SS / PBCH index: This field indicates the SS / PBCH used to determine the RACH occasion for PRACH transmission of multiple CFRA resources. The length of this field is 6 bits.

[0045] ◆ PRACH Mask Index: This field indicates one or more RACH occasions associated with the SS / PBCH indicated by 'SS / PBCH index' for PRACH transmission on multiple CFRA resources. If rach-ConfigDedicated for the UL carrier [indicated by the S / U field] is provided, the field indicates a subset of one or more RACH occasions from rach-ConfigDedicated; otherwise, the field indicates a subset of one or more RACH occasions from rach-ConfigCommon for the UL carrier [indicated by the S / U field] in the UL BWP configuration of firstActiveUplinkBWP-Id. If the repetition count field is not set to 0, the UE ignores this field. The length of this field is 4 bits.

[0046] ◆ Number of repetitions: This field indicates the number of Msg1 repetitions that will be applied to CFRA. If this field is set to 0, Msg1 repetition is not applied. If this field is set to 1, the number of Msg1 repetitions is 2. If this field is set to 2, the number of Msg1 repetitions is 4. If this field is set to 3, the number of Msg1 repetitions is 8. The length of this field is 2 bits.

[0047] <Various settings in the framework of CSI reporting for Rel.18 LTM> In the Rel.18 CSI reporting settings for LTM, the resource settings include a list of candidate IDs that are one-to-one mapped to a list of SSB indices. In Rel.18 LTM, only SSB-based L1-RSRP is supported.

[0048] In Rel.18 LTM, the CSI-RS resource / resource set settings can be provided under the parameters (LTM-TCI-Info) for one LTM candidate ID.

[0049] The settings of the NZP CSI-RS resource set follow the rules of Rel.17 and have resource set-specific parameters.

[0050] <MAC CE-based event-triggered beam reporting for mobility> Regarding L1 measurement reports, the use of MAC CE is being considered.

[0051] For example, event-triggered L1 measurements may be reported from the UE to the network (NW) via MAC CE.

[0052] Regarding existing resource allocation, the following content is defined.

[0053] The logical channels may be prioritized according to the following order (highest priority may be placed first): ·MAC CE for C-RNTI or data from the Uplink Common Control Channel (UL-CCCH). · [Extended] MAC CE for Beam Failure Recovery (BFR), or MAC CE for Configuration Grant (CG) confirmation, or MAC CE for multiple entry CG confirmation. · MAC CE for checking side link (SL) CG. ·MAC CE for LBT (Listen Before Talk) failure. ·MAC CE for SL LBT failure according to specific provisions. ·MAC CE for timing advance reporting. MAC CE for Buffer Status Report (BSR) included for padding. MAC CE for SL-BSR included for padding.

[0054] Note that prioritization between MAC CEs with the same priority may be up to the UE implementation.

[0055] (analysis) It is being considered to perform carrier aggregation (CA) at the LTM transition destination and to configure not only the primary cell (PCell) but also a secondary cell (SCell) other than the PCell as the target cell of the LTM. However, among the complex sequences that realize the LTM, it is not sufficiently considered in which sequence it is desirable to receive information about the SCell.

[0056] Also, Layer 3 (L3) measurement-based LTM is being considered, and F1 signaling to support L3 measurement-based LTM is being considered.

[0057] When a UE performs LTM while performing CA, it is preferable to activate a secondary cell (SCell) early in order to obtain high throughput in the target cell.

[0058] When the CU of a base station has the L3 measurement results of a UE and the DU of the base station performs SCell activation, it is not clear how the CU notifies the DU of the information required for SCell activation. If this method is not clear, there is a risk of degradation in communication quality / throughput.

[0059] Therefore, the present inventors came up with the idea of ​​a method for notifying SCell activation.

[0060] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0061] (Various reading changes) In this disclosure, words enclosed in "()" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the immediately preceding wording (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding the meaning of the entire sentence (ignoring the meaning of the entire sentence). Note that "()" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0062] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0063] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be interchangeable.

[0064] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0065] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0066] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0067] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0068] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, ceil(x) and floor(x) may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root of x, and root x may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x,y), mod function, and modulo operation may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i),Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , f(i) or f for i=M, M+1,..., M+N-1 i summation of f(M)+f(M+1)+...+f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1, may be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations of k values ​​selected from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k , may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may be read as interchangeable.

[0069] In this disclosure, A b , A_b, Ab, and A with b added to the bottom right may be read interchangeably. c , A^c, and the notation of A with c added to the upper right may be read interchangeably. b c , A_b^c, and the notation in which b is added to the bottom right of A and c is added to the top right of A may be read interchangeably. ~ may be expressed by adding 〜 to the x, or may be referred to as x tilde. - may be represented by placing a - on top of the x, or may be referred to as an x-bar. ^ may be represented by placing a ^ above the x, or may be called an x-hat.

[0070] In the present disclosure, FR may be, for example, at least one of FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, sub-terahertz, and terahertz. In the present disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410-7125 MHz. In the present disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250-52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600-71000 MHz.

[0071] In the present disclosure, the terms source DU, source cell, and DU connected to the UE before a cell switch may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms target DU, candidate DU, target cell, candidate cell, and DU connected to the UE after a cell switch may be interchangeable.

[0072] In the present disclosure, lower-layer triggered mobility, L1 / L2 triggered mobility, LTM, and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be read interchangeably.

[0073] In the present disclosure, non-serving cell, non-serving cell physical cell ID (PCI) [cell corresponding to], PCI [cell corresponding to] different PCI from the serving cell [PCI], additional PCI [cell corresponding to], neighboring cell, candidate cell, and target cell may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0074] In the present disclosure, the terms network device, [gNB-]CU, [gNB-]DU, source DU, candidate DU, and target DU may be interchangeable.

[0075] (Wireless communication method) <Embodiment 1> The CU may be connected to one or more DUs and may receive measurements (L1 / L3 measurement results) measured by a user equipment (UE).

[0076] In the LTM procedure, the CU may send information about one or more candidate cells / beams to the DU via F1 signaling. The one or more candidates may be at least one of one or more cells and one or more beams of the one or more cells. The cells included in the one or more cells may be at least one of a candidate SCell ID and an SCell ID associated with the target PCell. The F1 signaling may be, for example, an F1 message associated with the UE. The one or more beams of the one or more SCells may be one or more SSB (resource) indices, one or more CSI-RS (resource) indices, or one or more TCI state IDs. The information may include at least one of an indication and a measurement result.

[0077] The DU may receive the results measured by the UE (L1 / L3 measurement results). The DU may receive information about one or more candidates from the CU via F1 signaling. The DU may send a cell switch command to the UE.

[0078] <<Embodiment 1-1>> In the LTM procedure, the CU may send at least one indication of SCell activation, SCell deactivation, an activated SCell, or a deactivated SCell to the DU via F1 signaling for one or more candidate [cells / beams].

[0079] <<Embodiment 1-2>> In the LTM procedure, the CU may send an indication of early UL synchronization for one or more candidates [cells / beams] to the DU via F1 signaling.

[0080] <<Embodiments 1-3>> In the LTM procedure, the CU may send an indication of early DL synchronization for one or more candidate [cells / beams] to the DU via F1 signaling.

[0081] <<Embodiments 1-4>> In the LTM procedure, the CU may send at least one of L3 measurement results and L1 measurement results for one or more candidate cells / beams to the DU via F1 signaling. The L3 measurement results may include at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR. The L1 measurement results may include at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR.

[0082] <<Embodiments 1-5>> In the LTM procedure, the CU may send a cell switch instruction for one or more candidate [cells / beams] to the DU via F1 signaling.

[0083] <<Examples>> In the example of the LTM procedure in Figure 3, the CU may send information for one or more candidate cells / beams to the DU via F1 signaling. The information may include at least one indication of SCell activation, SCell deactivation, an activated SCell, a deactivated SCell, early UL synchronization, early DL synchronization, or a cell switch, and may include at least one measurement result of L3 measurements and L1 measurements. The F1 signaling may be, for example, an F1 message associated with the UE.

[0084] In the example of the LTM procedure in FIG. 4, the UE may send an L3 or L1 measurement report to the CU (S11). Then, the UE, source DU, target DU, and CU may perform LTM preparation (S12). Then, the CU may send information for one or more candidate cells / beams to the source DU via F1 signaling (S13). The information may include at least one indication of SCell activation, SCell deactivation, an activated SCell, a deactivated SCell, early UL synchronization, early DL synchronization, or a cell switch, and may include at least one measurement result of L3 measurements and L1 measurements. The F1 signaling may be, for example, an F1 message associated with the UE.

[0085] The UE may then send an L1 measurement report to the source DU (S14). The source DU may then send an instruction to the UE (S15). The instruction may include at least one of a cell switch command, one or more beams of one or more SCells, SCell activation, SCell deactivation, activated SCells, and deactivated SCells. The cell switch command [MAC CE] may indicate one or more candidate SCells [IDs]. The one or more beams of one or more SCells may be one or more SSB [resource] indices, one or more CSI-RS [resource] indices, or one or more TCI state IDs.

[0086] In the example LTM procedure of Figure 5, the UE (and source DU, candidate DU, and gNB-CU) may perform an L3 measurement report (S21). The L3 measurement report may include L3 measurement results for one or more neighboring PCells and one or more SCells. The gNB-CU may then perform an LTM configuration decision (S22). The LTM configuration decision may determine the target PCell and SCell.

[0087] The gNB-CU may then send a UE context setup request [message] to the candidate DU (S23). The UE context setup request [message] may include LTM information setup. The candidate DU may then send a UE context setup response [message] to the gNB-CU (S24). The UE context setup response [message] may include LTM configuration. The LTM configuration may include at least one of SSB information, SCell configuration information, a completed candidate configuration indicator, LTM CFRA resource configuration, and LTM CFRA resource configuration for SUL. The SCell configuration information may include at least one of a SCell configuration ID, a SCell configuration, a SCell status, and a SCell beam status. The SCell status may indicate whether the SCell is activated or deactivated. The SCell beam status may indicate whether the SCell beam is activated or deactivated.

[0088] The gNB-CU may then send a UE context modification request (message) to the source DU (S31). The UE context modification request (message) may include at least one of an LTM indicator, SCell configuration information, CSI resource configuration, and an LTM CFRA resource configuration list. The source DU may then send a UE context modification response (message) to the gNB-CU (S32). The UE context modification response (message) may include at least one of an LTM indicator, SCell configuration information, CSI resource configuration, and an LTM CFRA resource configuration list.

[0089] The gNB-CU may then send a UE context modification request [message] to the candidate DU (S33). The UE context modification request [message] may include at least one of an LTM indicator, SCell configuration information, CSI resource configuration, and an LTM CFRA resource configuration list. The candidate DU may then send a UE context modification response [message] to the gNB-CU (S34). The UE context modification response [message] may include at least one of an LTM indicator, SCell configuration information, CSI resource configuration, and an LTM CFRA resource configuration list.

[0090] The gNB-CU may then transmit a DL RRC message to the source DU (S41). The DL RRC message may include an RRC Reconfiguration (RRCReconfiguration) [message]. The RRC Reconfiguration (message) may include SCell configuration. The source DU may then transmit the RRC Reconfiguration (message) to the UE (S42). The UE may then transmit an RRC Reconfiguration Complete (RRCReconfigurationComplete) [message] to the source DU (S43). The source DU may then transmit a DL RRC message to the gNB-CU (S44). The DL RRC message may include the RRC Reconfiguration Complete [message].

[0091] The gNB-CU may then send information for one or more candidate cells / beams to the source DU via F1 signaling (S45). The information may include at least one indication of SCell activation, SCell deactivation, an activated SCell, a deactivated SCell, early UL synchronization, early DL synchronization, or a cell switch, and may include at least one measurement result of L3 measurements and L1 measurements. The F1 signaling may be, for example, an F1 message associated with the UE.

[0092] The source DU may then send a [PDCCH Ordered] RACH indication (PDCCH order) to the UE (S51). The PDCCH order may include an SCell ID. The UE may then send an RA[CH] preamble to the candidate DU (S52). The candidate DU may then perform a DU-CU TA information transfer to the gNB-CU (S53). The DU-CU TA information transfer may include at least one of an SCell ID, a TA value, a preamble index, an RA-RNTI, a source gNB DU ID, and a tag ID pointer. The gNB-CU may then perform a CU-DU TA information transfer to the source DU (S54). The CU-DU TA information transfer may include at least one of an SCell ID, a TA value, a preamble index, an RA-RNTI, a source gNB DU ID, and a tag ID pointer.

[0093] After that, the UE may send an L1 measurement report to the source DU (S61). The L1 measurement report may include at least one of the SCell ID, the SCell beam ID, the SCell SSBRI, the beam quality, and the cell quality. The beam may be an SSB [resource] or a CSI-RS [resource]. The beam quality may be at least one of the RSRP, the RSRQ, and the SINR. The cell quality may be at least one of the RSRP, the RSRQ, and the SINR. After that, the source DU may perform an LTM cell switch decision (S62). After that, the source DU may send a cell switch command [MAC CE] to the UE (S63). The cell switch command [MAC CE] may include at least one of the SCell configuration ID, the SCell TA value, the SCell RACH resource, the SCell TCI state ID / UL TCI state ID, the SCell activation, the SCell deactivation, the SCell to be activated, and the SCell to be deactivated. After that, the source DU may send a DU-CU cell switch notification [message] to the gNB-CU (S64). The DU-CU cell switch notification [message] may include at least one of the SCell ID and the TCI state ID. After that, the gNB-CU may send a CU-DU cell switch notification [message] to the candidate DU. The CU-DU cell switch notification [message] may include at least one of the SCell ID and the TCI state ID.

[0094] According to Embodiment 1, when the UE performs CA and LTM, the SCell can be activated quickly, and high-speed LTM can be realized.

[0095] <0​​​​​​​In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE / BS [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS)) / NW node] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS / NW node at the UE / BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, NAS signaling, LPP message, NRPPa message), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0097] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0098] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0099] In addition, notification of any information to the UE / BS in the above-described embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. Notification of semi-persistent or aperiodically may be triggered by an instruction from the UE / BS / NW.

[0100] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by any one of the following methods or a combination thereof: Common to multiple UEs or individual to each UE (per UE). -Common to multiple BSs, or BS-specific (per BS). ·Common to a plurality of frequencies (e.g., one or a combination of these such as cell, band, band combination, Bandwidth Part (BWP), component carrier, etc.) or frequency-specific (per frequency, e.g., per cell).

[0101] In the above embodiments, the UE may receive at least one piece of information (QCL information) of some of the following QCL rules / QCL types from the NW. ◆QCL type A (Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread). ◆QCL type B (Doppler shift and Doppler spread). ◆QCL type C (Doppler shift and average delay). ◆QCL type D (spatial reception parameters).

[0102] In the above embodiments, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of some of the following RSs. ◆SSB. ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition. ◆TRS. ◆DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0103] In the above embodiments, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods. ◆Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific. ◆Cell-specific or common to multiple cells. ◆Per UE / CC / BWP / band / cell / cell group (CG).

[0104] <<Notification of Information from UE / BS>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE / BS [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE / BS to the BS / NW node) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, NAS signaling, LPP message, NRPPa message), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0105] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards.

[0106] If the notification is performed by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0107] In addition, any information notification from the UE / BS in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. Notification of semi-persistent or aperiodic information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE / BS / NW.

[0108] <<Application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS, a particular (e.g., one or more, or part of) processing / operation / control / assumption / information of at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: · Upper layer parameters indicating the above specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information are set in the UE / BS. The specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is determined in the UE / BS based on the relevant higher layer parameters. The above specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is specified / activated / triggered for the UE / BS by the MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS. The UE / BS reports or supports specific capabilities (e.g., UE capabilities) that indicate (or relate to) the specific processing / action / control / assumptions / information. The application of the above specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information is determined in the UE / BS based on specific conditions.

[0109] The specified capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: ◆Supporting the above specific processing / action / control / assumptions / information. ◆Support L3 measurement-based LTM.

[0110] In the present disclosure, "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0111] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0112] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0113] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0114] (Addendum) The following inventions are added regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Appendix 1> a receiving unit for receiving the results measured by the terminal; A central unit having a control unit that controls the transmission of information regarding at least one candidate for one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells to a distributed unit in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure. <Appendix 2> 2. The central unit of claim 1, wherein the information includes at least one of an activation or deactivation instruction, an early uplink synchronization instruction, an early downlink synchronization instruction, a cell switch instruction, and the result. <Appendix 3> The central unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the one or more secondary cells is either a candidate secondary cell or a secondary cell associated with a candidate target primary cell. <Appendix 4> 4. The central unit of any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the results are at least one of Layer 1 measurement results and Layer 3 measurement results. <Appendix A> a control unit for controlling receiving, from a central unit, information regarding at least one candidate for one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure; a transmitter for transmitting a cell switch command to the terminal based on the information.

[0115] <Supplementary information> The central unit in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 and Supplementary Note A may be a CU of the base station 10. The receiver / transmitter in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 may be a transceiver unit 120. The controller in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 may be a controller 110. The distributed units in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 and Supplementary Note A may be a DU of the base station 10. The receiver / transmitter in Supplementary Note A may be a transceiver unit 120. The controller in Supplementary Note A may be a controller 110.

[0116] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0117] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like, which are specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0118] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0119] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0120] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0121] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0122] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a super cell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, sub-cells). A super cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range is fixed, and a sub-cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range varies semi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0123] The terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The terminal 20 may use at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0124] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0125] Furthermore, the terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0126] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0127] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN, 5GC), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0128] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NFs)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that a single network node (which may simply be referred to as a node) may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

[0129] The terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0130] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0131] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0132] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0133] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0134] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0135] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0136] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0137] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0138] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0139] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0140] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0141] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0142] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0143] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0144] (base station) 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0145] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0146] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0147] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0148] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0149] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0150] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0151] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0152] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0153] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0154] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0155] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0156] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0157] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0158] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0159] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NFs), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the terminal 20.

[0160] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0161] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may perform RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may perform higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may perform PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0162] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that implements all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0163] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a network device (for example, an LMF node) having the functionality of any of the above-described NFs may be a device having the configuration (for example, the control unit 110 and the transceiver unit 120) of the base station 10. In other words, by replacing the base station with the network device, the configuration of the network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be covered.

[0164] (Terminal) 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0165] In this example, functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0166] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0167] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0168] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0169] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0170] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0171] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0172] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0173] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0174] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0175] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0176] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0177] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0178] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0179] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0180] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0181] The transmitting section and receiving section of the terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0182] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by hardware, software, or a combination of these. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized by using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized by using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0183] For example, a base station, a terminal, a network node, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described base station 10 and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0184] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, module, chip, means, etc. may be read as interchangeable. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0185] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control the reading, writing, or both reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0186] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001. Although only one processor 1001 is shown in the figure, there may be multiple processors.

[0187] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from the storage 1003, the communication device 1004, or both the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0188] The various processes described above may be performed by one processor 1001, or may be performed by two or more processors 1001 simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line, or may be provided to the computer device via, for example, the communication device 1004.

[0189] The present disclosure also provides a computer program product including a computer program, which may implement the steps of the methods described in the above embodiments when the computer program is executed by a computer (e.g., the processor 1001).

[0190] The memory 1002 is a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or a combination of at least two of these. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0191] Storage 1003 is a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a magneto-optical disk, a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, or the like, or a combination of at least two of these. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0192] The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, the memory 1002, the storage 1003, or a database including both the memory 1002 and the storage 1003, a server, or other suitable medium.

[0193] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via a wired network, a wireless network, or both a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., or a combination of at least two of these. For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0194] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from the outside (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc., or a combination of at least two of these). The output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to the outside (for example, a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc., or a combination of at least two of these). Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0195] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0196] Furthermore, base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or a combination of at least two of these, and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware elements.

[0197] In this disclosure, the term "processor" may encompass a single processor or a group of multiple processors, including, for example, a single-core processor, a multi-core processor, multiple processors in a single device, multiple processors in wired or wireless communication with each other, etc. Similarly, the term "(non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium" may encompass a single storage medium or a group of multiple storage media, including multiple storage media in wired or wireless communication with each other.

[0198] Devices such as processors and storage media in the present disclosure may be distributed locally or remotely, and may perform the processing of the devices by operating cooperatively or independently using a bus, network, the Internet, the cloud, etc.

[0199] Note that the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NFs) may also be realized by the above-described functional block / hardware configuration.

[0200] (Variation) Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a mobile communication system other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G-Advanced (5G-A), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN (O-RAN)), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA (registered trademark)), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.11x (where x is any character string such as b, a, g, n, ac, ax, be, or bn, and when x = n, it is called Wi-Fi 4, when x = ac, it is called Wi-Fi 5, when x = ax, it is called Wi-Fi 6 or Wi-Fi 6E, when x = be, it is called Wi-Fi 7, and when x = bn, it is called Wi-Fi 8.Note that the present disclosure may be applied to systems based on technologies such as Wi-Fi (a registered trademark), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), network virtualization technologies (e.g., Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Service Function Chaining (SFC), Software Defined Networking (SDN)), or Low Power Wide Area (LPWA). Furthermore, each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a system based on a combination of at least two of these technologies. Here, "based on" naturally refers not only to a system that uses the technology, but also to a system that uses an extension or modification of the technology.

[0201] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "Radio Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "Access Point (AP)", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Radio Unit (RU)", "Remote Unit (RU)", "Control Unit (CU)", "Distributed Unit (DU)", "Remote Radio Head (RRH)", "node", "gateway", "terrestrial base station", "stratospheric base station", "unmanned aerial vehicle", "High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS)", "airborne platform", "panel", "cell", "Radio Access Network (RAN)", "network", etc. may be used interchangeably. Each cell accommodated by a base station may be referred to by terms such as a macro cell, a small cell, a femto cell, a pico cell, a serving cell, a super cell, etc. In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," "cluster," "bandwidth part (BWP)," and "carrier bandwidth" may be used interchangeably.

[0202] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from the set of terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", "Device", "Module", "Terminal", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0203] A terminal may be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, router (e.g., home router, mobile router, etc.), Telematics Control Unit (TCU), or some other suitable terminology.

[0204] The base station and the terminal may each be composed of one or more devices. The devices constituting at least a part of the base station and the terminal may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a [wireless] communication device, etc. In addition, the devices constituting at least a portion of each of the base stations and terminals may be objects themselves, such as vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, unmanned aerial vehicles, stratospheric base stations (e.g., High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS)), artificial satellites (e.g., Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites, Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites), drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, Internet of Things (IoT) equipment (e.g., smart meters, sensors), etc., or may include, but are not limited to, objects or devices mounted on such objects. Furthermore, the object may be a moving object (hereinafter referred to as a "moving object"; this does not exclude the case where the moving object is stationary and not moving), or may be a fixedly positioned object (hereinafter referred to as a "non-moving object").

[0205] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)) or communication in a non-terrestrial network (Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "sidelink") or terms corresponding to NTN (for example, feeder link, service link). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0206] The present disclosure is also applicable to cases where at least some of the devices constituting the base station and the terminal operate outside the earth (for example, in the atmosphere or outer space).

[0207] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the terminal 20 described above.

[0208] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node or by some of its upper nodes (e.g., CU, RU, DU, etc.) in some cases. It is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a RAN or core network may be performed by at least some of the base station and other network nodes other than the base station. The other network node may be one node or a combination of multiple nodes. The network node is, for example, a node provided in various core networks such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G Core Network (5GCN, 5GC), and provides one or more network functions (Network Functions (NFs)), but is not limited to these.

[0209] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the operation of "a terminal receives information from a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station transmits the information to the terminal," "the base station generates the information," or both. Similarly, the operation of "a terminal transmits information to a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station receives the information from the terminal." Furthermore, operations such as "a terminal is configured to ..." or "configure UE to ..." may include the operation of "a base station transmits configuration information regarding the configuration of the terminal" or "a terminal configures a predetermined operation based on the configuration information."

[0210] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0211] The physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) control information. The MAC signaling may be referred to as, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message or an information element (IE) in the RRC message. The RRC signaling may be, for example, a message used for controlling an RRC connection (e.g., setup, reconfiguration, establishment, reestablishment, release, or resume), mobility, a measurement report, notification of terminal capabilities, or an information element in the message.

[0212] Furthermore, notification of information may be either explicit or implicit. Note that an explicit notification of certain information means notification of the certain information itself, and an implicit notification of certain information may mean notification of information other than the certain information, or the certain information being deemed to have been notified when a certain condition is met.

[0213] Furthermore, notification of information may include not only notification between the same layers of different devices (for example, between a lower layer or an upper layer of the base station 10 and the terminal 20) but also notification between different layers in the same or different devices (for example, between a lower layer and an upper layer in the base station 10 or the terminal 20). Furthermore, notification of information from one device to another device may be performed via one or more devices.

[0214] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters, settings) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., terminal / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / terminal) of information indicating / identifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0215] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed as long as it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using an exemplary order and are not limited to the particular order presented. Furthermore, at least one step may be omitted in the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure.

[0216] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0217] In the present disclosure, a radio resource may be defined by a combination of resource units in one or more domains, such as the time domain, the frequency domain, the spatial domain, the code domain, and the power domain.

[0218] For example, a resource in the time domain (which may be referred to as a time resource) may be defined by one or more time units. The one or more time units may include, but are not limited to, a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a symbol, a transmission time interval (TTI), or a combination of at least two of these. Furthermore, the time unit may be a fixed-length time unit that is independent of numerology, a variable-length time unit that is dependent on numerology, or both.

[0219] Examples of fixed-length time units include, but are not limited to, subframes each consisting of one or more slots and radio frames each including multiple subframes. Examples of variable-length time units include, but are not limited to, symbols and slots each including a fixed number of symbols. A certain time unit may be divided into time units shorter than the certain time unit. Examples of such shorter time units include, but are not limited to, minislots each consisting of fewer symbols than the number of symbols that make up a slot. The above-described time units may include time units used as units for scheduling, link adaptation, and the like. Any time unit in the present disclosure may be interchangeable with another time unit.

[0220] Numerology is a parameter that defines the physical layer structure, and may be a parameter based on at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), symbol length, cyclic prefix length, and sampling time.

[0221] A resource in the frequency domain (which may also be referred to as a frequency resource) may be defined by, for example, one or more frequency units. The one or more frequency units may include, for example, a subcarrier, a resource block (RB), a bandwidth part (BWP), a carrier bandwidth, or a combination of at least two of these, but the name of the frequency unit is not limited to these. Furthermore, the number of subcarriers included in a certain frequency unit may be a fixed number regardless of numerology, or may be a variable number that changes depending on numerology.

[0222] For example, an RB is composed of a predetermined number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the number of subcarriers included in the RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12, but is not limited to this. Also, a BWP may be composed of, for example, one or more consecutive RBs within a certain carrier bandwidth, but is not limited to this. One or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier for terminal 20, and at least one of the BWPs may be activated. Also, any frequency unit in the present disclosure may be interpreted as another frequency unit.

[0223] Furthermore, resources in both the time domain and the frequency domain may be defined by one or more time / frequency units each consisting of a time unit and a frequency unit, such as, but not limited to, a resource element (RE) consisting of one symbol and one subcarrier, a resource element group (REG) consisting of a predetermined number of REs, or a control resource set (CORESET) consisting of a predetermined number of symbols and a predetermined number of RBs.

[0224] The resources in the spatial domain (which may also be referred to as spatial resources) may be defined, for example, by one or more spatial units, including, but not limited to, beams, layers of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO), antenna ports, etc., or a combination of at least two of them.

[0225] The resource in the code domain (which may also be referred to as a code resource) may be defined by, for example, one or more code units, including, but not limited to, a Cyclic Shift (CS), an Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC), or a combination thereof.

[0226] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0227] In the present disclosure, terms such as "decide," "determine," "judge," "select," "specify," "compute," "calculate," "process," "derive," "look up / search / inquiry," "confirm," "assume," "expect," and "consider" may be read interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, performing a certain process (e.g., sending, receiving) may be read interchangeably as deciding to perform the process. Also, in the present disclosure, "not expected to do..." may be read interchangeably as "assumed not to do...."

[0228] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...," "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...," "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0229] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with the prefix "i-th" (i is any integer) (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable as "i-th highest").

[0230] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0231] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions, such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be nearly zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0232] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0233] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial relation information," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0234] In the present disclosure, an antenna port may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, a resource may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource). Furthermore, the spatial domain filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0235] In the present disclosure, beam, sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRS Resource Indicator (SRI)), control resource set (CONTROLLER RESOLUTION SET (CORESET)), CORESET pool, uplink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), codeword (CW), transport block (TB), reference signal (RS), etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0236] In the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, TCI, downlink TCI state (Downlink (DL) TCI state), uplink TCI state (Uplink (UL) TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0237] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumptions," "QCL relationships," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0238] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), identity (ID), indicator, indication, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0239] In the present disclosure, a group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, an RS group, a CORESET group, a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0240] Information in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters, settings) may be interchangeably read as the ID of the information. For example, TCI state and TCI state ID may be interchangeably read as the ID of the information. Also, information in this disclosure may be interchangeably read as "a set of the information," "one or more pieces of the information," etc.

[0241] Any signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH) in the present disclosure may be interchangeably read as another signal / channel (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH, any RS). A signal / channel may be interchangeably read as a signal / channel for the same direction (e.g., UL if the certain signal / channel is in the UL direction, and DL if in the DL direction), or as a signal / channel for another direction (e.g., DL if the certain signal / channel is in the UL direction, and UL if in the DL direction). Also, in the present disclosure, descriptions related to DL communication and descriptions related to UL communication may be interchangeably read. In this case, DL (UL) operation may be interchangeably read as the corresponding UL (DL) operation. For example, reception of a PDSCH in a terminal may be interchangeably read as transmission of a PUSCH in the terminal.

[0242] In the present disclosure, terms such as "X's number," "X number," "the number of X(s)," and "a number of X(s)" may be interchangeable. Note that X here may be replaced with an appropriate expression such as a noun, a gerund, or an ordinary sentence, depending on the context. In the present disclosure, "number" may be interchangeable with terms such as maximum number, minimum number, average number, and total number. In addition, in the present disclosure, terms such as "value," "index," "number," and "quantity" may be interchangeable with each other.

[0243] Values / ranges in this disclosure may be interpreted as approximations, as if the words "about" or "approximately" were preceding the value / range. In this disclosure, "A and B are the same" (A and B are any words) may mean "A and B are identical," "A and B are almost the same," "A and B are partly the same (or partially overlapped)," "There is an error within a certain range between A and B," etc. (i.e., these words may be read interchangeably). Furthermore, in the present disclosure, A and B being the same may mean that at least part of A and at least part of B are the same (or overlapped).

[0244] In this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "another embodiment," etc. may be used interchangeably. The appearances of phrases such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "another embodiment," etc. in this disclosure do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily meant to be mutually exclusive.

[0245] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "at least one of A and B," "at least one of A or B," "A and / or B," and "A / B" may be read interchangeably, and may be understood to include "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this disclosure, expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," "at least one of A, B, or C," "A, B and / or C," and "A / B / C" may be interpreted interchangeably and may be understood to include "only A," "only B," "only C," "A and B," "B and C," "C and A," or "all of A, B, and C." Note that similar interpretations / interpretations may be applied to any expression in this disclosure such as "at least X of ..." (where the number of elements in "..." and X are each any number).

[0246] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "A, [and] B, and the like" / "such as A [and] B"), "A, [or] B, or the like" / "such as A [or] B"), "A, B, etc." / "A, B, and so on" / "A, B, and so forth"," and "A, B, [and / or] the others" may be read interchangeably.

[0247] In the present disclosure, expressions representing one / single X (e.g., "a X," "one X," "a single X"), expressions representing one or more X (e.g., "one or more X(s)," "at least one of X(s)"), and expressions representing a plurality of X (e.g., "Xs," "more than one X(s)," "multiple X(s)," "a plurarity of X(s)") may be read interchangeably. Note that these expressions may also be read interchangeably with expressions that include specific wording (e.g., when X is an uncountable noun, "pieces of," "amount of," etc.). For example, "a plurality of pieces of spatial relation information" may be read interchangeably as "a plurality of spatial relation information."

[0248] The present disclosure has been described above, but it is for illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. The present disclosure and its modifications and alterations are included in the scope of the present invention and its equivalents.

Claims

1. a receiving unit for receiving the results measured by the terminal; A central unit having a control unit that controls the transmission of information regarding at least one candidate of one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells to a distributed unit in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure.

2. The central unit of claim 1 , wherein the information includes at least one of an activation or deactivation indication, an early uplink synchronization indication, an early downlink synchronization indication, a cell switch indication, and the result.

3. The central unit of claim 1 , wherein one of the one or more secondary cells is either a candidate secondary cell or a secondary cell associated with a candidate target primary cell.

4. The central unit of claim 1 , wherein the results are at least one of layer 1 measurement results and layer 3 measurement results.

5. receiving the results measured by the terminal; A communication method of a central unit, comprising a step of controlling the transmission of information regarding at least one candidate of one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells to a distributed unit in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure.

6. a control unit that controls receiving, from a central unit, information regarding at least one candidate of one or more secondary cells and one or more beams of the one or more secondary cells in a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure; a transmitter for transmitting a cell switch command to the terminal based on the information.

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