Scanning system and method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method including generating a map including indexes of a plurality of scanning tables, imaging a first target area using one or more scanning tables selected from the plurality of scanning tables, calculating a parameter of interest based on one or more images obtained from imaging the first target area, and imaging the first target area using a subset of the one or more scanning tables, where the subset can be selected based on the calculated parameter of interest.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001]

[0001] Non-invasive imaging systems may be used to image internal tissues, bones, bloodstream, or organs of the human or animal body, or other objects of interest, such as toys or shipping packages. Such systems and / or probes may require the transmission of signals into the body and the reception of signals emitted or reflected from the object or body part being imaged. In some cases, transducers or transceivers may be used to perform imaging, including imaging based on photoacoustic and / or ultrasound effects. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0002]

[0002] The present disclosure provides systems, devices, and methods for ultrasound imaging, including three-dimensional (3D) imaging based on ultrasound or other sound waves. Conventional ultrasound systems may use a variety of scanning methods (also known as event engines). For example, some scanning methods may utilize a simple event engine that executes one or more predefined scanning tables. Other scanning methods may utilize real-time in-line calculations of various events or event sequences. In some cases, scanning methods may include hybrid methods (combining predefined tables and in-line calculations). These methods may involve overly simplistic or computationally expensive operations and may not be able to efficiently adapt to changing or dynamic imaging conditions related to the imaging environment or operation or handling of the ultrasound imaging system / device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0003]

[0003] The present disclosure provides systems and methods that address the above-mentioned shortcomings of conventional ultrasound systems. The systems and methods of the present disclosure may implement or utilize dynamic scan table selection based on a predefined set of operating conditions, also referred to herein as maps. These maps may be designed for improved frame rate, optimized power consumption, enhanced image quality, adaptive imaging of anatomy in real time, or any combination of the above.

[0004]

[0004] The scanning table disclosed herein can be used with any type of imaging system capable of optical and / or acoustic imaging. Examples of such suitable imaging systems can include, for example, systems and devices configured for ultrasound imaging with a matrix array having multiple (transducer) elements. The methods of the present disclosure can also utilize the various imaging systems or devices described herein to implement or perform ultrasound imaging or any other type of imaging based on optical or acoustic waves.

[0005]

[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method including the steps of: (a) generating a map including indexes of a plurality of scanning tables; (b) imaging a first target area using one or more scanning tables selected from the plurality of scanning tables; (c) calculating a parameter of interest based on one or more images obtained from the imaging of the first target area; and (d) imaging the first target area using a subset of the one or more scanning tables, wherein the subset can be selected based on the parameter of interest.

[0006] In some embodiments, the multiple scan tables are ordered or grouped according to an imaging condition of interest, hi some embodiments, the imaging condition of interest includes a beam configuration, a beam penetration, a beam transmission power, an imaging frame rate, an imaging frequency, a scan line density, a signal to noise ratio, or an imaging resolution.

[0007] In some embodiments, the parameters of interest include beam configuration, beam penetration, beam transmission power, imaging frame rate, imaging frequency, scan line density, signal to noise ratio, or imaging resolution.

[0008]

[0008] In some embodiments, the method may further include, prior to (a), loading a superset of the multiple scan tables into a memory having instructions for performing steps (a)-(d).

[0009]

[0009] In some embodiments, the method may further include a step of maintaining one or more image frames acquired using the first scanning table and the second scanning table to indicate a transition in an imaging state or imaging parameter.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method may further include repeating steps (b)-(d) for a second target region. In some embodiments, the method may further include selecting a different scanning table or a different set of scanning tables for imaging the second target region. In some embodiments, the second target region includes a different anatomical structure than the first target region.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of scan tables includes a set of events and associated scan conditions or parameters for an imaging device. In some embodiments, the imaging device comprises an ultrasound or audio-acoustic imaging device. In some embodiments, the set of events includes one or more events that include a description of a scan condition or scan parameter for an imaging line. In some embodiments, the scan condition or scan parameter includes a transmit pulse parameter, an aperture parameter, a delay parameter, a filter parameter, a decimation parameter, a line spacing parameter, or a plurality of collinear transmit parameters.

[0012] In some embodiments, the map enables dynamic selection of one or more optimal scan tables that include one or more predefined sets of operating conditions for one or more imaging events.

[0013]

[0013] In some embodiments, the method may further include a step of displaying one or more images of the first target area to a user or operator of an imaging device used to capture the one or more images.

[0014]

[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a system comprising an imaging device, a memory including an index to a plurality of scanning tables, and a processor, the processor being configured to image a first target area using one or more scanning tables selected from the plurality of scanning tables, calculate a parameter of interest based on one or more images obtained from the imaging of the first target area, and image the first target area using a subset of the one or more scanning tables, the subset being selected based on the calculated parameter of interest.

[0015] In some embodiments, the multiple scan tables can be ordered or grouped according to imaging conditions of interest, including beam configuration, beam penetration, beam transmission power, imaging frame rate, imaging frequency, scan line density, signal to noise ratio, or imaging resolution.

[0016] In some embodiments, the parameters of interest include beam configuration, beam penetration, beam transmission power, imaging frame rate, imaging frequency, scan line density, signal to noise ratio, or imaging resolution.

[0017]

[0017] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to maintain one or more image frames acquired using the first scanning table and the second scanning table to indicate transitions in imaging conditions or imaging parameters over time.

[0018] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to image a second target region. In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to select a different scanning table or a different set of scanning tables for imaging the second target region. In some embodiments, the second target region includes a different anatomical structure than the first target region.

[0019] In some embodiments, the plurality of scan tables includes a set of events and associated scan conditions or parameters for an imaging device. In some embodiments, the imaging device comprises an ultrasound or audio-acoustic imaging device. In some embodiments, the set of events includes one or more events that include a scan condition or parameter for an imaging line or a description of one or more imaging operations that can be performed using the imaging device. In some embodiments, the scan condition or parameter includes a transmit pulse parameter, an aperture parameter, a delay parameter, a filter parameter, a decimation parameter, a line spacing parameter, or a plurality of collinear transmit parameters.

[0020] In some embodiments, the processor is configured to dynamically select one or more optimal scan tables including one or more predefined sets of operating conditions for one or more imaging events.

[0021] In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a display unit for displaying one or more images of the first target area to a user or operator of the imaging device.

[0022] In some embodiments, the multiple scan tables are loaded into memory as a superset of the multiple scan tables.

[0023] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods described above or elsewhere herein.

[0023]

[0024] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a system comprising one or more computer processors and a computer memory coupled thereto, the computer memory including machine executable code that, when executed by the one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods described above or elsewhere herein.

[0024]

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, in which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be understood, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Thus, the drawings and description should be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive. Incorporation by Reference

[0026] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0025]

[0027] A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings that set forth illustrative embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1]

[0028] 1A-1D illustrate various examples of imaging systems that can be configured to perform imaging using one or more scanning tables, according to some embodiments. [Diagram 2]1A-1D illustrate various examples of imaging systems that can be configured to perform imaging using one or more scanning tables, according to some embodiments. [Diagram 3]

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a scan table, according to some embodiments. [Figure 4]

[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates a system including an imaging device configured to utilize one or more scanning tables, according to some embodiments. [Figure 5A]

[0031] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various scanning tables that can be used to adjust scanning conditions of an imaging device, according to some embodiments. [Figure 5B] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various scanning tables that can be used to adjust scanning conditions of an imaging device, according to some embodiments. [Figure 5C] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various scanning tables that can be used to adjust scanning conditions of an imaging device, according to some embodiments. [Figure 6]

[0032] 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an ultrasound system, according to some embodiments. [Figure 7]

[0033] 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an ultrasound imaging system including a transducer having a pMUT array used to transmit and receive an ultrasound beam in accordance with some embodiments. [Figure 8]

[0034] 1 is another exemplary diagram of an ultrasound imaging system, in accordance with some embodiments. [Figure 9]

[0035] 1A-1C illustrate piezoelectric elements of a pMUT array according to some embodiments. [Figure 10]

[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a computer system programmed or otherwise configured to implement one or more of the methods provided herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027]

[0037] While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous modifications, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It will be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed. Specific Definitions

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter belongs.

[0028]

[0039] As used herein, in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Any reference to "or" herein is intended to also include "and / or" unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0029]

[0040] As used herein, the term "about" refers to an amount closer to the recited amount by about 10%, 5%, or 1%, including increments therebetween.

[0041] Whenever the terms "at least," "greater than," or "greater than or equal to" precede a first number in a series of two or more numbers, the terms "at least," "greater than," or "greater than or equal to" apply to every number in the series. For example, 1, 2, or 3 or more is equivalent to 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more.

[0030]

[0042] Whenever the terms "no more than," "less than," or "less than or equal to" precede a first number in a series of two or more numbers, the terms "no more than," "less than," or "less than or equal to" apply to every number in the series. For example, 3, 2, or 1 or less is equivalent to 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less.

[0031]

[0043] The terms "real time" or "real-time," as used interchangeably herein, generally refer to events (e.g., operations, processes, methods, techniques, computations, calculations, analyses, visualizations, optimizations, etc.) that are performed using recently obtained (e.g., collected or received) data. In some cases, real-time events can be performed nearly instantaneously or within a sufficiently short period of time, such as within a period of at least 0.0001 milliseconds (ms), 0.0005 ms, 0.001 ms, 0.005 ms, 0.01 ms, 0.05 ms, 0.1 ms, 0.5 ms, 1 ms, 5 ms, 0.01 seconds, 0.05 seconds, 0.1 seconds, 0.5 seconds, 1 second, or more. In some cases, real-time events may occur nearly instantly or within a sufficiently short period of time, such as within a period of at most 1 second, 0.5 seconds, 0.1 seconds, 0.05 seconds, 0.01 seconds, 5 ms, 1 ms, 0.5 ms, 0.1 ms, 0.05 ms, 0.01 ms, 0.005 ms, 0.001 ms, 0.0005 ms, 0.0001 ms, or less. Scan Table

[0044] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides imaging systems and methods. Such imaging can include, for example, ultrasound imaging. The imaging systems disclosed herein can be configured to implement one or more scanning tables. The imaging methods disclosed herein can involve performing imaging using one or more scanning tables.

[0032]

[0045] The one or more scan tables may include a description of an event. The event may include an imaging event or an imaging operation, as described in more detail below. The event may include a scanning event. The one or more scan tables may further include a selection of different imaging parameters corresponding to the imaging event or imaging operation. The different imaging parameters may be optimized or tailored to a particular imaging event or imaging operation.

[0033]

[0046] The one or more scanning tables may be implemented or configured in a table format. In some cases, the table format may be configured for a lookup operation. For example, when a particular imaging event or imaging operation is detected (e.g., based on image analysis, sensor measurements, or user input), a computing device (e.g., a processor or computer) may perform a lookup operation to identify or determine optimal imaging parameters for the detected imaging operation or imaging event. event

[0047] The one or more scan tables may include or represent a collection of events that determine the necessary or optimal scanning conditions for an imaging frame. Each event may correspond to an imaging event or imaging operation. Such imaging event or imaging operation may involve acquiring or capturing one or more images or videos, or extracting one or more image frames from such images or videos. In some cases, an event may be defined or associated by a specific imaging device, an imaging location or area or field of view, an imaging time, an imaging parameter (e.g., a scanning frequency), or an imaging vector (i.e., a vector or a series of vectors that define a path along which imaging may be performed). Each event may include a description of the scanning conditions or parameters for an imaging line. In some cases, an imaging line may correspond to a column or row or other linear or non-linear series of pixels in an image. In some cases, an imaging line (also referred to herein as a scan line) may correspond to at least a portion of an imaging vector along which imaging is performed.

[0034]

[0048] In some cases (e.g., in a typical B-mode image), each event can correspond to or represent a scan line from left to right in the image. In other cases (e.g., in a typical Color Doppler image), two types of scan lines may be associated with an event: B-mode on one side and Color Doppler on the other. The two types of scan lines may coincide with each other or correspond to the same set of pixels.

[0035]

[0049] As used herein, a scan line can correspond to and represent a portion of a frame representing an image. To form a frame, a transducer can focus and / or transmit waves (e.g., acoustic or pressure waves) from different piezoelectric elements to a particular focal point. Reflected signals collected by these piezoelectric elements can be received, delayed, weighted, and summed to form a scan line. The focus of interest can be changed to a different portion of the frame, and this process can be repeated until an entire frame containing multiple scan lines is generated.

[0036]

[0050] In some embodiments, an event can include one or more time-based events. A time-based event can be associated with imaging of a particular feature, imaging from a particular angle or location, imaging along a particular line or vector, and / or imaging using particular selected parameters. In some cases, an event can include two or more temporally consecutive events. In other cases, an event can include two or more non-consecutive events. In any case, the two or more events can collectively enable imaging of one or more features in one or more target regions over a period of time. This period of time can be at least about 1 second, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 1 minute, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, or more.

[0037]

[0051] In some cases, these events can be detected automatically based on one or more images captured using the imaging device. For example, image analysis algorithms can be used to analyze images captured by the imaging device to determine a scanning event or scanning action that is occurring or that the user wishes to perform. In other cases, these events can be detected automatically based on one or more sensor readings or measurements (e.g., from an accelerometer or motion sensor operably coupled to any of the imaging devices or scanning systems described herein). Alternatively, a user of the imaging device can manually input a desired scanning event or scanning action, and one or more appropriate scanning tables can be utilized to implement the corresponding optimal scanning conditions.

[0038]

[0052] In some embodiments, changes in scan events over time can be detected (e.g., using the image analysis or sensor-based methods described above). Once changes in scan events are detected, appropriate scan tables can be automatically loaded or implemented to allow live adaptation and selection of optimal scan parameters.

[0039]

[0053] In some embodiments, one or more scan tables can collectively map or correlate events or scan lines in one or more target regions to optimal imaging parameters for one or more target regions. In some cases, one or more scan tables described herein can be used to map multiple surfaces or areas of a target region to corresponding events and / or scanning conditions / parameters. As described in more detail below, one or more scan tables can be aggregated or combined into a superset. The superset can include multiple scan tables, each of which includes a list of optimal imaging parameters and associated values ​​for different types of events. The optimal imaging parameters and associated values ​​can be mapped to different types of events (including imaging events or movements). These maps can be designed for improved frame rates, optimized power consumption, enhanced image quality, adaptive imaging of anatomical structures, or any combination of the above. Scanning conditions / parameters

[0054] As described above, one or more scan tables may include descriptions of events and associated scan conditions or parameters for the events, which may be set or adjusted differently for different imaging operations, different users, and / or different imaging devices.

[0040]

[0055] In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include, for example, a transmit pulse, a pulse width, a pulse power, a pulse repetition interval, a pulse order, a pulse timing, a pulse period, a transmit frequency, a pulse start time, a pulse end time, a pulse duration, or a pulse type (e.g., a unipolar pulse, a multi-state bipolar pulse), or any other characteristic associated with a pulse transmittable by an imaging device. The pulse can include an audio or ultrasound signal or wave. In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include a pulse frequency, a pulse wavelength, a phase delay, or a phase difference between two or more pulses.

[0041]

[0056] In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include a transmission focusing depth or a penetration depth. In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include a number of beams, a type of beam (pulsed vs. continuous wave), a beam size, a beam shape (e.g., a beam origin, a beam directivity, a beam elevation / azimuth, or any other characteristic or feature of a beam that can be generated and transmitted by an imaging device). The beams can include sound or ultrasound signals or waves.

[0042]

[0057] In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include a scanning mode. The scanning mode can include, for example, 2D imaging or 3D imaging. In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include a scanning speed, a scanning direction, or a scanning pattern.

[0043]

[0058] In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include an aperture (e.g., aperture size or aperture shape). In some embodiments, the scanning conditions or parameters can include the type of filter used, transmission delay, gain, weighting or apodization of signals transmitted or received by individual transducer elements, decimation, spacing, or number of collinear transmissions per unit time or area. Flexible Scanning Table

[0059] The scan table or tables may be flexible, dynamic, and / or adjustable. Such flexibility may allow for automatic, real-time switching or updating of scan tables in real-time and on the fly as imaging (e.g., ultrasound imaging) is being performed.

[0044]

[0060] In some cases, the one or more scanning tables can be changed, swapped, or dynamically selected in real-time based on one or more predefined sets of operating conditions, also referred to herein as maps. In some cases, the one or more scanning tables and / or one or more maps corresponding to various predefined sets of operating conditions can be dynamically adjusted or updated in real-time based on (1) external input from a user, (2) changes in operating conditions or image quality, or (3) other factors related to imaging performance or operator preferences. method

[0061] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an imaging method. The method can include loading one or more scanning tables to meet different operating conditions. In some cases, the one or more scanning tables can include a superset of multiple scanning tables. The scanning tables can be optimized or customized for different imaging applications, different imaging conditions, or different operators.

[0045]

[0062] The one or more scan tables can be configured for imaging under different operating conditions. The operating conditions can include, for example, penetration, frame rate, power consumption, imaging resolution, or transmission power. In some cases, the operating conditions can include one or more parameters corresponding to the operation of an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device).

[0046]

[0063] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include, for example, a transmission pulse, a pulse width, a pulse power, a pulse repetition interval, a pulse order, a pulse timing, a pulse period, a transmission frequency, a pulse start time, a pulse end time, a pulse duration, or a pulse type (e.g., monopolar pulse, multi-state bipolar pulse), or any other characteristic associated with a pulse that can be transmitted by an imaging device. The pulse can include an audio or ultrasound signal or wave. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include a pulse frequency, a pulse wavelength, a phase delay, or a phase difference between two or more pulses. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include a transmission focusing depth or a penetration depth. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include a number of beams, a type of beam (pulse vs. continuous wave), a beam size, a beam shape (e.g., a beam origin, a beam directivity, a beam elevation / azimuth, or any other characteristic or feature of a beam that can be generated and transmitted by an imaging device). The beam can include an audio or ultrasound signal or wave. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include a scanning mode. The scanning mode can include, for example, 2D imaging or 3D imaging. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include a scan speed, a scan direction, or a scan pattern. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include an aperture (e.g., an aperture size or an aperture shape). In some embodiments, the one or more parameters can include the type of filter used, a transmission delay, gain, weighting, or apodization of signals transmitted or received by individual transducer elements, decimation, spacing, or the number of collinear transmissions per unit time or area.

[0047]

[0064] In some embodiments, the method may include creating a map representing an index of the multiple scan tables. The multiple scan tables may be ordered according to a condition of interest. For example, a first scan table corresponding to a first condition of interest may be ordered or prioritized before a second scan table corresponding to a second condition of interest. The first condition of interest may be different from the second condition of interest. The condition of interest may change over time for different imaging applications or different operators. In some cases, the multiple scan tables may be ordered or sorted based on a current imaging application or a preference of a user or operator of the imaging device.

[0048]

[0065] In some embodiments, the method may include selecting a preferred map of the scanning table for a default imaging condition. The selection of the preferred map may be performed manually by a user or operator. Alternatively, the selection of the preferred map may be performed automatically by a computer or algorithm. Optionally, the preferred map of the scanning table may be assigned to a preset imaging mode defined by the user.

[0049]

[0066] In some embodiments, the method may include imaging the target using a selected scanning table. The selected scanning table may be used to automatically perform and / or control imaging of the target. Optionally, the selected scanning table may be used for a first imaging operation. After the first imaging operation is completed, a different scanning table may be used or selected for a second imaging operation. Optionally, the selected scanning table may be used for multiple imaging operations. The multiple imaging operations may be performed during consecutive time intervals. Alternatively, the multiple imaging operations may not be performed during consecutive time intervals, or need not be performed during consecutive time intervals.

[0050]

[0067] In some embodiments, the method can include determining or calculating one or more parameters of interest from one or more images acquired of the target. The one or more parameters of interest can include, for example, a penetration depth, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an imaging resolution (which can include spatial resolution and / or temporal resolution), an imaging frame rate, or a transmission power.

[0051]

[0068] In some embodiments, the method may further include selecting an appropriate set or subset of scanning tables based on the parameters of interest. For example, the subset of scanning tables may include a first scanning table that is optimal for imaging based on a first parameter of interest (e.g., a desired frame rate) and a second scanning table that is optimal for imaging based on a second parameter of interest (e.g., a signal-to-noise ratio). If the user or operator is interested in imaging based on the first parameter of interest (e.g., a particular frame rate), the first scanning table may be selected and used to control subsequent imaging operations. If the user or operator is later interested in imaging based on a second parameter of interest (e.g., a particular acceptable signal-to-noise ratio), the second scanning table may be selected and used to control subsequent imaging operations.

[0052]

[0069] In any of the embodiments described herein, the superset of the multiple scanning tables may include multiple scanning tables corresponding to (i) the same parameter of interest or (ii) different parameters of interest. In some cases, the multiple scanning tables may be associated with the same or similar parameters or parameters of the same or similar types. In some cases, a first scanning table may be associated with a first set of parameters or conditions for a particular imaging operation, and a second scanning table may be associated with a second set of parameters or conditions for another imaging operation, where the first set of parameters or conditions and the second set of parameters or conditions are parameters or conditions of the same or similar types. For example, the first scanning table may be associated with a first imaging frame rate, and the second scanning table may be associated with a second imaging frame rate. In some cases, the first scanning table may be selected for the first imaging operation, and the second scanning table may be selected for the second imaging operation. Both the first imaging operation and the second imaging operation may correspond to imaging of the same target or the same or similar features of the target. Alternatively, both the imaging operation and the second imaging operation may correspond to imaging of different targets or different features of the same target.

[0053]

[0070] In some embodiments, one or more selected scanning tables (e.g., scanning tables selected to optimize one or more parameters of interest) may be used for one or more imaging operations. Optionally, additional or alternative scanning tables may be selected for imaging during or after the one or more imaging operations.

[0054]

[0071] In some embodiments, the method can include maintaining one or more frames from a first scanning table selected at a first time point and a second scanning table selected at a second time point. Maintaining one or more frames from the first scanning table and the second scanning table can help to indicate or visualize gradual transitions of imaging states or conditions over time (e.g., during imaging). Transitions between imaging states can help guide or inform a user to further optimize imaging operations (e.g., by selecting additional or alternative scanning tables that can enable imaging tailored to a particular use case or particular operator or user preferences). example

[0072] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of imaging. The method can include performing imaging using an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device). The method can further include calculating an image signal level as a function of the depth for a current imaging operation. The method can further include comparing the signal level and the associated penetration depth to an expected penetration for a current imaging preset. The method can further include choosing a lower transmission frequency based on the comparison to improve the penetration of the imaging. In some embodiments, the method can include selecting an appropriate scan table that can assist in optimizing the penetration depth (e.g., to better visualize or image a feature of interest located or positioned at a particular depth or distance relative to the imaging device).

[0055]

[0073] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of imaging. The method can include performing imaging using an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device). The method can further include calculating or determining a frame rate of the imaging using a plurality of image frames and the timing at which the image frames are captured or acquired. The method can further include selecting a different transmission line density setting to optimize or improve the frame rate accordingly. In some embodiments, the method can include maintaining the new frame and the previous frame to incrementally change the imaging conditions. Such incremental changes can provide a positive indication to a user that the frame rate is being or has been adjusted. In some embodiments, the method can include selecting an appropriate scan table that can assist in improving the frame rate (e.g., to improve or enhance tracking of changes or movements of features in images acquired using the imaging device).

[0056]

[0074] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of imaging. The method can include performing imaging using an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device). The method can further include determining a current operating power based on a current, temperature, and / or battery level to the imaging device, and optimizing the operation of the imaging device accordingly. In some embodiments, the method can further include selecting from a plurality of beam operating conditions (e.g., 5-parallel beam or 3-parallel beam or single beam operating mode) based on a current operating condition, a desired operating condition, a current operating power (i.e., a current power consumption over time), and / or a desired operating power (i.e., a desired power consumption over time). In some embodiments, the method can include selecting an appropriate scan table that can assist in reducing operating power (e.g., to minimize damage to a particular surrounding area or adjacent object / feature that is sensitive to one or more signals emitted by the imaging device, or to extend the battery life of the imaging device).

[0057]

[0075] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of imaging. The method can include performing imaging using an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device). The method can further include selecting one or more lines or regions in a current image. The method can further include calculating an axial resolution based on the spectrum from the lines and the point / reflective target. The method can further include calculating a lateral resolution from the point target. The method can further include choosing a desired imaging frequency (e.g., a higher imaging frequency) and / or a desired imaging bandwidth (e.g., a higher imaging bandwidth) based on a desired imaging resolution to optimize spatial resolution. In some embodiments, the method can further include adjusting one or more imaging focus positions to optimize image quality (e.g., sharpness, focus, contrast, etc.) and / or spatial resolution. In some embodiments, the method can include selecting an appropriate scan table that can assist in optimizing spatial resolution, imaging frequency, imaging bandwidth, and / or image focus for a subsequent imaging operation.

[0058]

[0076] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of imaging. The method can include performing imaging using an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device). The method can further include identifying one or more parameters of interest, such as, for example, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution of speckle or reflective targets, or target motion, from one or more images acquired using the imaging device. The method can further include choosing a set of operating conditions, such as frequency, focus, and / or line density, based on the target of interest. In some embodiments, the method can include selecting one or more appropriate scanning tables for different types of anatomical structures to assist in adaptive imaging of the anatomical structures. For example, a first scanning table can be selected to image a first anatomical structure, and a second scanning table can be selected to image a second anatomical structure different from the first anatomical structure. In another example, when an imaging device is used to image the heart and an operator moves the imaging device to image the liver, a computer can be used to automatically switch scanning tables. Optionally, when imaging switches to a different feature of interest, the computer can also be configured to automatically switch scan tables to optimize imaging for the different feature of interest. Imaging Applications

[0077] The scan tables described herein can be used to provide numerous benefits to imaging applications including, for example, improved penetration, improved frame rates, lower operating power, improved spatial resolution, and adaptive imaging of anatomical structures. These benefits can be realized individually or in combination with one another depending on the use case.

[0059]

[0078] In some cases, the scan table can improve the penetration. In some cases, the disclosed system and method can be implemented to calculate signal levels depending on the depth for the current imaging. These signal levels can be compared to the expected penetration for the current preset. Based on such comparison, the system can choose a lower transmission frequency to improve the penetration of the imaging.

[0060]

[0079] In some cases, the scan table can improve the frame rate. In some cases, the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented to use multiple frames to calculate the frame rate of the imaging. A lower transmission line density can be selected and the new frame and the previous frame can be maintained to gradually change the imaging conditions.

[0061]

[0080] In some cases, the scan table can reduce operating power. Current, temperature, and battery level monitors can be used to determine the current operating power. Based on the operating condition, one of a plurality of parallel beam operating conditions can be selected. The plurality of parallel beam operating conditions can include, for example, a single beam operating condition or n parallel beam operating conditions, where n ranges from 1 to 100 or more.

[0062]

[0081] Optionally, the scanning table can improve spatial resolution. Optionally, one or more lines can be selected from the current image. Based on the wavelength spectrum from the lines and the point / reflective target, the axial resolution can be calculated. From the point target, the lateral resolution can be calculated. Then, based on the desired resolution, a higher imaging frequency and / or a higher imaging bandwidth can be chosen. Optionally, one or more imaging focal positions can be adjusted.

[0063]

[0082] Optionally, the scanning table can enable adaptive imaging of anatomical structures. Optionally, the systems and methods of the present disclosure can be used to identify one or more parameters of interest. The one or more parameters of interest can include, for example, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution of speckle or reflective targets, and / or target motion. The one or more parameters of interest can correspond to the quality, characteristics, or features of one or more images obtained or that can be obtained using the systems and methods disclosed herein. Optionally, one or more optimal operating conditions can be selected based on the target of interest. The optimal operating conditions can include, for example, frequency, focus, and / or line density.

[0064]

[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system 11 that can be used for imaging (e.g., ultrasound imaging) of a target region 13. The system 11 can include an imaging device (e.g., any of the imaging devices shown or described herein). The imaging device can be configured to transmit and receive one or more signals 12. The one or more signals 12 can include signals transmitted to and / or reflected from the target region 13. In some cases, one or more scanning tables 14 can be used to control or adjust the operation or scanning conditions of the imaging device. The one or more scanning tables 14 can be provided to a memory 15 of the system 11 or the imaging device (e.g., via a wired connector or a wireless connection). Alternatively, the scanning table 14 can be provided to a controller 16 operably coupled to or in communication with the system 11 or the imaging device, as shown in FIG. 2. In such a case, the controller 16 can be configured to control the operation or scanning conditions of the imaging device. In some cases, the controller 16 can be integrated with the system 11 or the imaging device. In other cases, the controller 16 may be remote from the system 11 or the imaging device.

[0065]

[0084] 3 shows an example of a scan table 14. The scan table may include one or more events and one or more scan conditions associated with the one or more events. The one or more scan conditions may include one or more scan parameters (or sets of scan parameters) that direct or control operation of the imaging device (e.g., scanning operations that may be performed using the imaging device).

[0066]

[0085] FIG. 4 illustrates a system 11 that includes an imaging device. The imaging device can be any imaging device described herein. The system 11 can be configured to utilize one or more scanning tables 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, etc., to control the operation of the imaging device. The one or more scanning tables 14-1, 14-2, 14-3 can be manually selected by a user or automatically selected by a computer to enhance or optimize the imaging performance of the imaging device. As illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C, each of the one or more scanning tables 14-1, 14-2, 14-3 can adjust the scanning conditions of the imaging device differently. For example, the one or more scanning tables 14-1, 14-2, 14-3 can be implemented to vary the number of scan lines and / or the density of scan lines used to image the target area 13 or a portion thereof.

[0067]

[0086] In some embodiments, the scan tables described herein can be preloaded into the memory of the imaging device. In other embodiments, the scan tables can be stored in the memory of a computer remote from the imaging device. The computer can be operatively coupled to the imaging device to control or coordinate operation of the imaging device based on the scanning events and scanning conditions defined in the scan tables.

[0068]

[0087] In some embodiments, the scanning table can be transmitted from a mobile device of a user or operator of the imaging device to the imaging device. In some embodiments, the scanning table can be transmitted from a computer of a user or operator of the imaging device to the imaging device. The scanning table can be transmitted to the mobile device via a physical connection or a wireless connection. Ultrasound Imager / Imaging Probe

[0088] The scanning table described herein can be compatible with any type of imaging device, including optical and acoustic imaging devices. In some cases, the optical imaging device can include a camera, a CMOS sensor, a CCD sensor, or any other type of sensor configured for imaging based on optical signals. In some cases, the acoustic imaging device can include an ultrasound imaging device. In some non-limiting embodiments, the imaging device can be configured as a handheld ultrasound imaging probe.

[0069]

[0089] Ultrasound imaging (sonography) uses high frequency sound waves to see inside the body. Because ultrasound images are captured in real time, they can show the movement of internal organs as well as blood flow through blood vessels. Sound waves can also be used to create and display images of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs.

[0070]

[0090] To perform imaging, imaging devices transmit signals into the body and receive signals reflected from the body part being imaged. Types of imaging devices include transducers, which can also be called transceivers or imagers, and can be based on photoacoustic or ultrasonic effects. Such transducers can be used in imaging as well as other applications. For example, transducers can be used in medical imaging to observe the anatomical structures of tissues or other organs in the body. Transducers can also be used in industrial applications such as material testing, or in therapeutic applications such as localized tissue heating in HIFU-based procedures. Doppler measurement techniques are used when imaging a target and measuring the movement of the target, such as blood flow speed and direction. Doppler techniques are also applicable in industrial applications to measure flow rates, such as the flow of fluids or gases in a pipe. Doppler measurements can be made based on the difference in frequency between the transmitted and reflected waves due to relative motion between the source and the object. The frequency shift is proportional to the speed of movement between the transducer and the object. Ultrasound imaging utilizes this effect to determine the speed and direction of blood flow.

[0071]

[0091] In some embodiments, the transducer elements described herein (e.g., pMUT elements, cMUT elements, etc.) may be interchangeably referred to as transceiver elements. In some cases, the transducer elements described herein may comprise piezoelectric or piezo elements. In some embodiments, the transducer elements described herein may include one or more of a substrate, a membrane depending from the substrate, a bottom electrode disposed on the membrane, a piezoelectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode, and one or more top electrodes disposed on the piezoelectric layer.

[0072]

[0092] In ultrasound imaging, a transducer can be used to transmit an ultrasonic beam towards the target to be imaged. The reflected waveform is received by the transducer and converted into an electrical signal, and further signal processing produces an image. Arrays of micromechanical ultrasonic transducers (MUTs) can be used to measure the speed and direction of flow.

[0073]

[0093] The ultrasound device disclosed herein can be configured for B-mode imaging. B-mode imaging for anatomical structures is a two-dimensional ultrasound image display composed of dots representing ultrasound echoes. The brightness of each dot is determined by the amplitude of the returned echo signal. This allows visualization and quantification of anatomical structures, as well as visualization of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Typically, B-mode images closely resemble the actual anatomical structures in a cutaway view in the same plane. In B-mode imaging, the transducer is first placed in a transmission mode and then in a reception mode to receive echoes from the target. The echoes are signal processed into an image of the anatomical structures. The transducer elements are programmable to be in either a transmission mode or a reception mode, but not simultaneously.

[0074]

[0094] The ultrasound device disclosed herein can be configured for color Doppler imaging. The use of color flow Doppler, color Doppler imaging, or simply color Doppler allows visualization of blood flow direction and velocity in arteries or veins within a user-defined area. Regions of interest are defined and the Doppler shift of the returning ultrasound is color-coded based on average velocity and direction. These images may overlap (be imaged simultaneously) with anatomical structure images in B-mode scanning to provide a more intuitive sense of flow relative to the anatomical structure being viewed. Doppler imaging can also be PW Doppler, where the extent and velocity of flow is determined, but the maximum flow rate depends on the pulse repetition frequency used, otherwise the image will alias and faster speeds will appear slower. Doppler shift can be measured from the collection of waves received to measure flow velocity using the PW mode of Doppler imaging. CW Doppler is a continuous imaging technique, where aliasing is avoided by continuously transmitting from one transducer element while receiving echoes from another transducer element. Programmable instruments can implement both pulsed and continuous techniques, as discussed below. PW and color Doppler can use a selected number of elements in the array. First, the elements are placed in a transmit mode, and after the echoes are returned, the elements are placed in a receive mode and the received signal is processed for Doppler signal imaging. For CW Doppler, at least two different elements are utilized, each element in a transmit mode while the other element is continuously in a receive mode.

[0075]

[0095] The ultrasound imaging device disclosed herein can be configured for two-dimensional (2D) imaging and / or three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In some embodiments, the ultrasound imaging device can utilize one or more arrays of MEMS (microelectromechanical system) ultrasound transducers, such as pMUTs (piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasound transducers) and / or cMUTs (capacitive micromechanical ultrasound transducers). The micromechanical ultrasound transducers (MUTs) can be arranged in a lateral array. In some cases, the MUTs can be arranged in a regular or symmetrical configuration. In other cases, the MUTs can be arranged in a staggered or asymmetrical configuration. In some cases, the transducer elements can be arranged in a rectangular lattice. In other cases, the elements can be arranged in, for example, a circular configuration, a rhombus (equilateral parallelogram), a hexagon, an annulus, or any lattice. These arrays can be located on curved surfaces as well as planar arrays.

[0076]

[0096] 6 shows a block diagram of an imaging device (100) having a transmit channel (106) and a receive channel (108) controlled by a control circuit (109), and a computation device (110) configured to implement various imaging calculations. The imaging device (100) may optionally include a power source (111) for energizing various components of the imaging device (100). In some cases, the computation device (110) and / or the power source (111) may be located external to the imaging device (100).

[0077]

[0097] In some embodiments, the imaging device (100) can be used to generate images of internal tissues, bones, blood flow, or organs of a human or animal body. In some cases, the imaging device (100) transmits signals into the body and receives signals reflected from the body part being imaged. Such an imaging device (100) can include, for example, a piezoelectric transducer (102), which may also be referred to herein as a transceiver or imager, and can be based on photoacoustic or ultrasonic action. The imaging device (100) can be used to image other objects as well. For example, the imaging device (100) can be used for medical imaging, measuring fluid or gas flow in pipes, lithotripsy, and localized tissue heating for therapeutic and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) procedures.

[0078]

[0098] In addition to use with human patients, imaging device 100 can be used to image the internal organs of animals as well. Furthermore, in addition to imaging internal organs, imaging device 100 can also be used to determine the direction and velocity of blood flow in arteries and veins, as well as tissue stiffness, by Doppler mode imaging.

[0079]

[0099] Different types of imaging can be performed using imaging device 100. For example, imaging device 100 can be used to perform one-dimensional imaging, also known as A-scan, 2D imaging, also known as B-scan (B-mode), three-dimensional (3D) imaging, also known as C-scan, and Doppler imaging. Imaging device 100 can be switched to different imaging modes and can be electronically configured under program control.

[0080]

[0100] To facilitate imaging, the imaging device 100 includes an array of piezoelectric transducers 102, each of which includes an array of piezoelectric elements 104. The piezoelectric elements 104 may also include two of more subelements, each of which may be configurable with transmit and / or receive operations. The piezoelectric elements 104 may operate to 1) generate waves (e.g., sound waves or pressure waves) that can pass through the body or other mass, and 2) receive waves reflected from an object or other mass within the body to be imaged.

[0081]

[0101] In some examples, the imaging device 100 can be configured to simultaneously transmit and receive ultrasonic waveforms. For example, certain piezoelectric elements 104 can transmit pressure waves toward a target object being imaged, while other piezoelectric elements 104 receive pressure waves reflected from the target object and generate electrical charges in response to the received waves. These charges can be interpreted and / or processed to generate an image of the target object or a portion thereof.

[0082]

[0102] In some examples, each piezoelectric element 104 can emit or receive signals at a particular frequency, known as a center frequency, as well as at second and / or additional frequencies. Such multi-frequency piezoelectric elements 104 can be referred to as multi-mode piezoelectric elements 104 and can extend the bandwidth of the imaging device 100.

[0083]

[0103] The piezoelectric material forming the piezoelectric element 104 can contract and expand when different voltage values ​​are applied at a particular frequency. In response, when different values ​​of voltage are alternately applied, the piezoelectric element 104 can convert electrical energy (i.e., voltage) into mechanical motion resulting in acoustic energy, which is emitted as waves at a desired frequency. These waves are reflected from the target being imaged and received by the same piezoelectric element 104 and converted into electrical signals, which are then used to form an image of the target.

[0084]

[0104] To generate pressure waves, the imaging device 100 may utilize multiple transmit channels 106 and multiple receive channels 108. The transmit channels 106 include multiple components that drive the transducer 102 (i.e., an array of piezoelectric elements 104) with voltage pulses at a responsive frequency. This causes an ultrasonic waveform to be emitted from the piezoelectric elements 104 toward the object to be imaged. The ultrasonic waveform travels toward the object to be imaged, a portion of the waveform is reflected back to the transducer 102, and the receive channels 108 collect the reflected waveform and convert it to electrical energy that can be processed, for example, by a computing device 110 to create an image that can be displayed and interpreted by a human or a computer.

[0085]

[0105] In some examples, the number of transmit channels 106 and receive channels 108 in the imaging device 100 remains constant, but the number of piezoelectric elements 104 coupled to those channels can vary. This coupling can be controlled by control circuitry 109. In some examples, portions of the control circuitry 109 can be distributed among the transmit channels 106 and receive channels 108. For example, the piezoelectric elements 104 of the transducer 102 can be formed in a 2D array having N columns and M rows.

[0086]

[0106] In one example, the 2D array of piezoelectric elements 104 can have multiple columns and rows, for example, 128 columns and 32 rows. The imaging device 100 can have up to 128 transmit channels 106 and up to 128 receive channels 108. Each transmit channel 106 and receive channel 108 can be coupled to multiple or a single piezoelectric element or subelement 104. Depending on the imaging mode, each column of piezoelectric elements 104 can be coupled to a single transmit channel 106 and a single receive channel 108. The transmit channel 106 and receive channel 108 can receive a composite signal, which combines the signals received at each piezoelectric element 104 in the respective row or column. In another example (i.e., during different imaging modes), each individual piezoelectric element 104 can be coupled to its own transmit channel 106 and its own receive channel 108.

[0087]

[0107] FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of an ultrasound imaging system 700 disclosed herein. The imaging system 700 can include a handheld device 710 having a display unit 712 and a data recording unit, and is enabled for connection by a communication interface to a network 1200 and an external database 1220, such as an electronic health record. Such connection to an external data source can facilitate medical billing, data exchange, medical history, or other medical related information communication. The system 700 can include an ultrasound imager (interchangeable herein as a "probe") 726 including an ultrasound imager assembly ("tile assembly" herein) 708, where the ultrasound tile has one or more arrays of pMUTs 702 fabricated on a substrate. The array of pMUTs 702 can be configured to emit and receive ultrasound waveforms.

[0088]

[0108] The pMUT array 702 may be operatively coupled to (i) an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 1060 located in close proximity to the pMUT array 702, and / or (ii) a separate control unit 1100 located remotely from the pMUT array 702. The array may be coupled to an impedance reducing and / or impedance matching material 704, which may be located adjacent to the pMUT array. In some embodiments, the imager 726 includes a rechargeable power source 1270 and / or a connection interface 1280 to an external power source, e.g., a USB interface. In some embodiments, the imager 726 includes an input interface 1290 for an ECG signal to synchronize scanning to an ECG pulse. In some embodiments, the imager 726 has an inertial sensor 1300 to assist with user guidance.

[0089]

[0109] In some embodiments, many pMUT arrays can be batch manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, the integrated circuit can also be designed to have dimensions such that the connections required to communicate with the pMUTs are aligned with each other and can be connected to a matching integrated circuit located vertically below or proximal to the array, typically a distance of about 25 μm to 100 μm, for example. Larger arrays of pMUT elements can also be realized by using multiple pMUT arrays with multiple matching ASICs, assembling them adjacent to each other and covering them with an appropriate amount of impedance matching material. Alternatively, a single array can have a large number of pMUT elements arranged in a rectangular array or other shape, with the number of pMUT elements ranging from less than 1000 to 10,000. The pMUT array and multiple pMUT elements can be connected to a matching ASIC.

[0090]

[0110] Arrow 1140 indicates an ultrasound transmit beam from the imager assembly 708 targeted at the body part 1160 to image a target 1180. The transmit beam is reflected by the target being imaged and enters the imager assembly 708, as indicated by arrow 1140. In addition to the ASIC 1060, the imaging system 700 may include other electronic control, communication, and computation circuitry 1100. It will be appreciated that the ultrasound imager 708 may be a single freestanding unit or may include physically separate but electrically or wirelessly connected elements, such as the electronic control unit 1100.

[0091]

[0111] Optionally, the ASIC 1060 may comprise one or more low noise amplifiers (LNAs). The pMUT may be connected to the LNA via a switch in receive mode. The LNA converts the charge in the pMUT, generated by the reflected ultrasound beam exerting pressure on the pMUT, into a low-noise, amplified voltage signal. The signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal may be one of the main factors determining the quality of the reconstructed image. It is therefore desirable to reduce the inherent noise of the LNA itself. This may be achieved by increasing the conductance of the input stage of the LNA. This may be achieved, for example, by using more current in the input stage. More current may increase power dissipation and heat. However, if a low-voltage pMUT is used in close proximity to the ASIC, the power saved by the low-voltage pMUT may be utilized to reduce the noise in the LNA for a given acceptable total temperature rise compared to a transducer operating at higher voltages.

[0092]

[0112] FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of another example of an imager 1260. The imager 1260 may include a transceiver array 210a for transmitting and receiving pressure waves, and a cover layer 212a that acts as a lens to guide the propagation direction of the pressure waves and / or focus the pressure waves, and also serves as an impedance interface between the transceiver array and the human body. The lens 212a may attenuate signals exiting and entering the transducer. The imager 1260 may also include a control unit 202a, such as an ASIC, coupled to the transducer array 210a for controlling the transceiver array 210a. The combination of the transceiver array and the ASIC connected to the transceiver array may constitute a tile. The additional components may include one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) 214a for controlling the components of the imager 1260, circuitry 215a such as an analog front end (AFE) for processing / conditioning signals, and a layer of acoustic absorbing material 203a for absorbing waves generated by the transducer array 210a and propagating toward the circuitry 215a. In certain embodiments, the layer of acoustic absorbing material may be located behind the ASIC (the transducers are located in front of the ASIC). In other embodiments, the layer of acoustic absorbing material may be located between the transducers and the ASIC. The additional components may optionally include a communication unit 208a for communicating data with an external device via one or more ports 216a, a memory 218a for storing data, a battery 206a for providing a more portable power source to the components of the imager, and / or a display 217a for displaying a user interface and ultrasound derived images.

[0093]

[0113] During operation of the imager 1260, a user can contact the pMUT surface covered by the interface material with a body part area and ultrasound is transmitted toward a target to be imaged at the body part area. The imager receives an ultrasound beam reflected from the imaging target and processes or transmits the reflected beam to an external processor for image processing and / or reconstruction and then to a handheld device for displaying the image.

[0094]

[0114] For example, when using an imager to image a human or animal body part, the transmitted ultrasound waveform can be directed towards the target. Contact with the body can typically be achieved by applying a gel to the body and placing the imager in the gel, then holding the imager in close proximity to the body, allowing an excellent interface for the emitted ultrasound to enter the body and for the ultrasound waveform reflected from the target to re-enter the imager, where the reflected signal is used to create an image of the body part, and the results, including graphs, plots and statistics, are displayed on a screen and shown in various formats with or without an image of the body part.

[0095]

[0115] In some embodiments, the imager / probe may be configured such that certain parts are physically separate but connected via a cable or wireless communication connection. In one example, the pMUT assembly and ASIC as well as any control and communication related electronics may reside in a unit often referred to as the probe. The part of the device or probe that contacts the body part may comprise the pMUT assembly.

[0096]

[0116] 9 illustrates a substrate 238 on which a plurality of piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) array elements 239 may be disposed. One or more of the array elements may form a transceiver array 240, which may include two or more transceiver arrays on the substrate 238. The movement of the individual array elements may be controlled or coordinated using a scanning table as described herein. Computer Systems

[0117] The present disclosure provides a computer system programmed to implement the methods of the present disclosure. Figure 10 shows a computer system 1001 that can be programmed or otherwise configured for one or more methods of the present disclosure. The computer system 1001 can be a user's electronic device or a computer system located remotely from the electronic device. The electronic device can be a mobile electronic device.

[0097]

[0118] The computer system 1001 includes a central processing unit (CPU, also referred to herein as "processor" and "computer processor") 1005, which may be a single-core or multi-core processor, or multiple processors for parallel processing. The computer system 1001 also includes a memory or memory location 1010 (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), an electronic storage unit 1015 (e.g., hard disk), a communication interface 1020 (e.g., network adapter) for communicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices 1025, such as cache, other memory, data storage, and / or electronic display adapters. The memory 1010, the storage unit 1015, the interface 1020, and the peripheral devices 1025 communicate with the CPU 1005 via a communication bus (solid lines), such as a motherboard. The storage unit 1015 may be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system 1001 may be operatively coupled to a computer network ("network") 1030 with the aid of the communication interface 1020. The network 1030 may be the Internet, an Internet and / or an extranet, or an intranet and / or an extranet in communication with the Internet. The network 1030 may possibly be a telecommunications and / or data network. The network 1030 may include one or more computer servers, which may enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. The network 1030 may possibly be implemented, with the aid of the computer system 1001, as a peer-to-peer network, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system 1001 to behave as clients or servers.

[0098]

[0119] The CPU 1005 may execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, which may be embodied in a program or software. These instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as the memory 1010. These instructions may be directed to the CPU 1005, which may then be programmed or otherwise configured to implement the methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 1005 may include fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.

[0099]

[0120] The CPU 1005 may be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 1001 may be included in the circuit. In some cases, the circuit is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0100]

[0121] The storage unit 1015 can store files such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. The storage unit 1015 can store user data, such as user preferences and user programs. The computer system 1001 can optionally include one or more additional data storage units located outside the computer system 1001, for example, at a remote server that communicates with the computer system 1001 via an intranet or the Internet.

[0101]

[0122] The computer system 1001 can communicate with one or more remote computer systems via the network 1030. For example, the computer system 1001 can communicate with a remote computer system of a user. Examples of remote computer systems include a personal computer (e.g., a portable PC), a slate or tablet PC (e.g., Apple® iPad®, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), a phone, a smartphone (e.g., Apple® iPhone®, Android-enabled devices, Blackberry®), or a personal digital assistant. A user can access the computer system 1001 via the network 1030.

[0102]

[0123] The methods described herein may be implemented by machine (e.g., a computer processor) executable code stored in an electronic storage location of the computer system 1001, such as, for example, the memory 1010 or the electronic storage unit 1015. The machine executable or machine readable code may be provided in the form of software. During use, the code may be executed by the processor 1005. In some cases, the code may be retrieved from the storage unit 1015 and stored in the memory 1010 for ready access by the processor 1005. In some circumstances, the electronic storage unit 1015 may be omitted and the machine executable instructions are stored in the memory 1010.

[0103]

[0124] The code may be pre-compiled and configured for use on a machine having a processor adapted to execute the code, or may be compiled during run-time. The code may be provided in a programming language, which may be selected to enable the code to be executed in a pre-compiled or compile-time form.

[0104]

[0125] Aspects of the systems and methods provided herein, such as the computer system 1001, can be implemented in programming. Various aspects of the technology can be considered to be "products" or "articles of manufacture" in the form of machine (or processor) executable code and / or associated data, typically embodied or embodied in a type of machine-readable medium. The machine executable code can be stored in an electronic storage unit, such as a memory (e.g., read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory) or a hard disk. A "storage" type medium can include any or all of the tangible memory of the computer, processor, etc., or modules associated therewith, which can provide non-transitory storage for software programming at any time, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives, etc. All or portions of the software can be communicated from time to time over the Internet or various other telecommunications networks. Such communication can, for example, enable the software to be loaded from one computer or processor into another, for example, from a management server or host computer into the computer platform of an application server. Thus, other types of media that may have software elements include optical, radio, and electromagnetic waves, such as those used in physical interfaces between local devices over wired and optical fixed networks and various air links. The physical elements that carry such waves, such as wired or wireless links, optical links, etc., may also be considered to be media that have software. As used herein, unless limited to non-transitory tangible "storage" media, terms such as computer or machine "readable medium" refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution.

[0105]

[0126] Thus, a machine-readable medium such as a computer executable code can take many forms, including but not limited to a tangible storage medium, a carrier wave medium, or a physical transmission medium. Non-volatile storage media include optical or magnetic disks, such as any of the storage devices located in any computer, such as those shown in the drawings that can be used to implement the database. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as the main memory of such a computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire, and optical fibers, including the wires that comprise a bus within a computer system. Carrier wave transmission media can take the form of electric or electromagnetic signals, or sound or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Thus, common forms of computer readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, a DVD or DVD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical storage medium having a pattern of holes, a RAM, a ROM, a PROM, and an EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave that transports data or instructions, a cable or link that transports such a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processor for execution.

[0106]

[0127] The computer system 1001 may include or be in communication with an electronic display 1035 that provides a user interface (UI) 1040 for controlling the ultrasound imager and probe described herein, selecting or modifying one or more scan tables, or viewing one or more images acquired using the ultrasound imager / probe and scan table. Examples of UIs include, but are not limited to, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and web-based user interfaces.

[0107]

[0128] The methods and systems of the present disclosure may be implemented by one or more algorithms. The algorithms may be implemented by software when executed by the central processing unit 1005.

[0108]

[0129] Although the above description provides specific embodiments and examples, the subject matter extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or applications, as well as modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, the scope of the claims appended hereto is not limited by the specific embodiments described. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed order. Although various operations may be described as multiple separate operations to aid in understanding a particular embodiment, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order-dependent. In addition, the structures, systems, and / or devices described herein may be implemented as integrated or separate components.

[0109]

[0130] For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of those embodiments have been described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, various embodiments may be implemented to achieve or optimize one advantage or group of advantages taught herein, but not necessarily achieve other aspects or advantages that may also be taught or suggested herein.

[0110]

[0131] In this specification, A and / or B include one or more of A or B, and combinations thereof such as A and B. In this specification, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, and / or sections, but it is understood that these elements, components, regions, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element, component, region, or section from another element, component, region, or section. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, a first element, component, region, or section discussed below can also be referred to as a second element, component, region, or section.

[0111]

[0132] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. In this specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", or "includes" and / or "including", as used herein, specify the presence of the stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0112]

[0133] As used herein and in the claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms "about" and "approximately" or "substantially" refer to a variation of no more than ±0.1%, ±1%, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±6%, ±7%, ±8%, ±9%, ±10%, ±11%, ±12%, ±14%, ±15%, or ±20% of the numerical value, depending on the embodiment. As a non-limiting example, about 100 meters refers to a range of 95 meters to 105 meters (i.e., ±5% of 100 meters), 90 meters to 110 meters (i.e., ±10% of 100 meters), or 85 meters to 115 meters (i.e., ±15% of 100 meters), depending on the embodiment.

[0113]

[0134] Although preferred embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous modifications, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In fact, it should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments described herein can be used. Many different combinations of the embodiments described herein are possible, and such combinations are considered to be part of the present disclosure. In addition, all features discussed in connection with any one embodiment herein can be easily adapted for use with other embodiments herein. The following claims define the scope of the present disclosure, and it is intended to cover methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. a. generating a map containing indexes to a number of scan tables; b. imaging a first target area using one or more scanning tables selected from the plurality of scanning tables; c. calculating a parameter of interest based on the one or more images obtained from the imaging of (b); and d. imaging the first target region using a subset of the one or more scanning tables, the subset being selected based on the parameters of interest calculated in (c). method.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of scan tables are ordered or grouped according to an imaging condition of interest.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the imaging condition of interest comprises a beam configuration, a beam penetration, a beam transmission power, an imaging frame rate, an imaging frequency, a scan line density, a signal to noise ratio, or an imaging resolution.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parameter of interest comprises a beam configuration, a beam penetration, a beam transmission power, an imaging frame rate, an imaging frequency, a scan line density, a signal to noise ratio, or an imaging resolution.

5. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to (a), loading a superset of the plurality of scan tables into a memory having instructions for performing steps (a)-(d).

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining one or more image frames acquired using the first scanning table and the second scanning table to indicate transitions in imaging conditions or parameters.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating steps (b)-(d) for a second target area.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the step of selecting a different scanning table or a different set of scanning tables for imaging the second target region.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the second target area comprises a different anatomical structure than the first target area.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of scan tables includes a set of events and associated scan conditions or parameters for an imaging device.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the imaging device comprises an ultrasound or audio-acoustic imaging device.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the set of events includes one or more events that include a description of a scanning condition or parameter for an imaging line.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the scanning conditions or parameters include a transmit pulse parameter, an aperture parameter, a delay parameter, a filter parameter, a decimation parameter, a line spacing parameter, or a plurality of collinear transmission parameters.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the map enables dynamic selection of one or more optimal scan tables including one or more predefined sets of operating conditions for one or more imaging events.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of displaying one or more images of the first target area to a user or operator of an imaging device used to capture the one or more images.

16. An imaging device; a memory containing indexes to a plurality of scan tables; a processor, the processor comprising: imaging a first target area using one or more scanning tables selected from the plurality of scanning tables; Calculating a parameter of interest based on one or more images obtained from the imaging of the first target area; configured to image the first target region using a subset of the one or more scanning tables, the subset being selected based on the calculated parameter of interest. system.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of scanning tables are ordered or grouped according to an imaging condition of interest.

18. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the imaging condition of interest comprises a beam configuration, a beam penetration, a beam transmission power, an imaging frame rate, an imaging frequency, a scan line density, a signal to noise ratio, or an imaging resolution.

19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the parameters of interest include beam configuration, beam penetration, beam transmission power, imaging frame rate, imaging frequency, scan line density, signal to noise ratio, or imaging resolution.

20. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to maintain one or more image frames acquired using the first scanning table and the second scanning table to indicate transitions in imaging conditions or parameters over time.

21. The system of claim 16 , wherein the processor is further configured to image a second target area.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the processor is further configured to select a different scanning table or a different set of scanning tables for imaging the second target region.

23. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the second target area comprises a different anatomical structure than the first target area.

24. The system of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of scan tables includes a collection of events and associated scan conditions or parameters for the imaging device.

25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the imaging device comprises an ultrasound or audio-acoustic imaging device.

26. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the set of events includes one or more events that include a description of a scanning condition or parameter for an imaging line or one or more imaging operations that can be performed using the imaging device.

27. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the scanning conditions or parameters include a transmit pulse parameter, an aperture parameter, a delay parameter, a filter parameter, a decimation parameter, a line spacing parameter, or a plurality of collinear transmission parameters.

28. The system of claim 16 , wherein the processor is configured to dynamically select one or more optimal scan tables including one or more predefined sets of operating conditions for one or more imaging events.

29. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a display unit for displaying the one or more images of the first target area to a user or operator of the imaging device.

30. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of scan tables are loaded into the memory as a superset of a plurality of scan tables.

Images