Cryptographically generated data linked to biological datasets

Abstract

Cryptographically generated data bound to a biological dataset. A method is provided for creating and distributing large amounts of cryptographically generated data based on the quality of a received biological dataset. Also provided are computer readable media, computer devices, and systems.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to blockchain implementations, with a particular focus on how to create new units of cryptographically generated data. [Background technology]

[0002] A blockchain, also known as a distributed ledger or distributed consensus ledger, is a type of distributed database. A blockchain is composed of multiple blocks, known as block records or data structure blocks. Whenever a new block containing a new entry or a set of new entries is added to the blockchain, that information is replicated and distributed across the nodes of the blockchain network. Each node can independently verify that the new block is valid before updating its locally stored copy of the blockchain, or ignore the new block if it cannot verify its proof of validity. Thus, when a valid update is made, the state of the blockchain is updated by consensus across all nodes of the blockchain network.

[0003] The integrity of the information stored in the blockchain is guaranteed because validly added blocks are replicated among the nodes of the blockchain network, and each block typically contains a strong link to the previous block (e.g., a hash value of the previous block's information or a hash value of the previous block's header). Thus, when validated by the nodes of the blockchain network, the block is linked to the previous block, and through that previous block, to each previous block, all the way back to the genesis block (the only block that does not contain a link to a previous block). To tamper with the information of a particular block of the blockchain, the tamper must perform the computationally intensive task of storing that tampered block and any subsequent blocks that must be chained to that tampered block in the blockchain, while at the same time deceiving the majority of honest nodes on the network that such an update is valid, and then competing with the computational resources of those honest nodes to add more blocks.

[0004] Blockchains are suitable for storing any information, such as data or computer-executable instructions (often called "smart contracts" - function calls to computer-executable instructions stored on the blockchain can be used to initiate computer-executable processes). However, blockchains have proven particularly useful for managing cryptographically generated data, as they enable tamper-proof and decentralized data storage.

[0005] The cryptographically generated data is usually characterized by the consensus mechanism used in the blockchain to verify that a block is valid. The most well-known consensus mechanisms are Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Proof of Authority (PoA).

[0006] PoW-based cryptographically generated data, such as Bitcoin, rely on nodes in a blockchain network solving a difficult computational problem to add blocks to the blockchain and provide verifiable proof that the computational problem has been solved to build consensus on the state of the blockchain. This process is often referred to as "mining". Mining nodes maintain the system by validating transactions (by adding blocks to the blockchain), and newly created tokens are allocated to mining nodes that have solved the computational problem. This incentive mechanism has led to a hardware race, resulting in huge energy demands, making mining currently viable only for those who can afford to purchase powerful specialized crypto token mining hardware. Because new users cannot receive newly created tokens without powerful mining hardware, they can often only access cryptographically generated data tokens by exchanging fiat currency on exchanges, which are often unregulated and therefore may not be trustworthy. Furthermore, this pressure causes the exchange rate of such cryptographically generated data to skyrocket and become highly volatile, incentivizing network participants to hoard tokens. This pressure is further exacerbated by some PoW-based cryptographically generated data, including Bitcoin, having a fixed cap on the supply of new tokens.

[0007] PoS-based cryptographically generated data depends on the rationality of the stakeholders in the system to behave honestly or risk the value of the cryptographically generated data decreasing. Users stake a portion of their holdings on the cryptographically generated data to become validators, ordering transactions and creating new blocks so that all nodes can agree on the state of the cryptographically generated data. Validators may be selected randomly and according to their stake to create new blocks, or they may simply validate other blocks in the blockchain. Validators' stakes may be used to incentivize good behavior, and newly minted tokens may be allocated to validators who create blocks. However, in a PoS-based system, stakeholders are incentivized to hold their stake to maximize their chances of being the validator selected to create the next block and to collect newly minted tokens.

[0008] In a PoW-based system, any node can become a miner, i.e., a validator, whereas in a PoA-based blockchain system, a limited number of nodes are designated as validators who can add blocks to the blockchain. Validators are selected and gain authority through a process external to the blockchain, or elected by nodes. The integrity of blocks added to the blockchain by validators can be publicly verified by any node, so PoA systems follow a “trust but verify” model. Validators who perform their tasks properly are rewarded with newly issued tokens, while those who do not receive reputation damage, usually facilitated by a transparent reputation system. Thus, validators have an incentive to follow the designated protocol. Since trust is distributed among validators, the larger and more diverse the set of validators, the more trust there is in the system. There is no need to solve a computationally expensive PoW problem to probabilistically select appenders. Validators only need to append blocks in order, which also prevents validators from having the authority to append multiple consecutive blocks. In summary, compared to PoW-based systems, PoA systems have a higher trust assumption since nodes need to trust their validators, but they are usually more scalable since there is little waste of computation (and therefore energy) and blocks can be added almost instantly, rather than having to wait for the PoW computational problem to be solved in order to add new blocks to the blockchain.

[0009] There is no unified solution for introducing newly minted crypto tokens into the network. The problem of devising a secure minting mechanism shares similar challenges with those arising in devising a secure consensus mechanism, so it is not surprising that minting mechanisms are usually intrinsically linked to the blockchain's consensus mechanism. For example, a minting mechanism must be able to prevent so-called Sybil attacks, where a malicious user generates multiple peer identities to compromise a disproportionate share of the network.

[0010] To counter these attacks, in traditional cryptographically generated data, the distribution of new tokens is fully integrated with the underlying consensus mechanism of the blockchain that supports the cryptographically generated data. In PoW systems, new tokens are awarded to mining nodes that create valid new blocks, while in PoS systems new tokens are awarded to validators selected to create new blocks. This inherently encourages coin hoarding, which can lead to deflation and volatility in cryptographically generated data. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The inventors have recognized that the minting mechanism for introducing new cryptographic tokens into the network need not be fully linked to the consensus mechanism by which nodes of the blockchain network validate transactions. The methods described herein can be used to introduce cryptographic tokens regardless of the consensus mechanism used by the underlying blockchain. For example, the methods described herein can be used in combination with a PoA-based consensus mechanism, a PoW-based consensus mechanism, or a PoS-based consensus mechanism. Furthermore, by decoupling the minting mechanism to some extent from the consensus mechanism, the cryptographic tokens are made available to new users of the cryptographically generated data, somewhat reducing the incentive for accumulation.

[0012] The cryptographically generated data described herein is linked to biological data, and users who contribute to the provision of a biological dataset are assigned a portion of the newly minted amount of cryptographically generated data. The value of the newly minted amount of cryptographically generated data is linked to the quality of the biological dataset provided. In a particular example, the biological dataset may be a gene sequence. At an economic level, linking the amount of cryptographically generated data in circulation to a biological dataset may result in lower inflationary pressure on the value of the cryptographically generated data in circulation. This is in stark contrast to the deflationary pressure faced by cryptographically generated data where the minting mechanism is fully linked to the consensus mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, linking the cryptographic token to the biological data set ensures that the provider of the biological data is compensated.

[0014] The systems, computer devices, and methods described herein can be applied to a wide range of practical applications. Among many practical applications, blockchain facilitates information sharing and asset management through decentralization, eliminating the need for a central entity. When a central entity is not required, the cost burden associated with maintaining that central entity can be reduced. The systems, computer devices, and methods disclosed herein can improve current data transmission techniques by further enhancing the security of data object transmission through a specific biological data set provided by a user. This decouples the minting process of newly generated cryptographic data from the general consensus mechanism used across the blockchain network, reducing the energy demands of hardware used exclusively for that consensus mechanism.

[0015] The term "node" or "computing device" or "computing apparatus" as used herein and in the appended claims is intended to be broadly understood as any hardware device, virtual device, group of hardware devices, group of virtual devices, or combination thereof in a network. Nodes may include many other types of hardware and virtual devices, such as, for example, servers, switches, data processing devices, data storage devices, load balancers, routers, and virtual implementations thereof.

[0016] As used herein, the term "blockchain network" shall be broadly understood to mean nodes that participate in sharing, storing, and / or establishing a blockchain. A node of a blockchain network is an entity that determines whether a new block meets validity requirements to be added to the blockchain, and if so, updates its local copy of the blockchain and communicates the new block to other nodes in the blockchain network.

[0017] As used herein, terms such as "user", "cryptographically generated data participant" and the like are intended to be understood broadly as an entity, such as an individual, company, research institute, or other organization, involved or seeking to be involved in cryptographically generated data, including the digital identity associated with that entity. For example, a contributor who provides biological data to receive an allocation of newly minted tokens is considered a user, even if he or she does not own the cryptographic tokens until the minting method described herein is performed, and that user's device is similarly considered a "user device." Terms such as "cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of a cryptographically generated data participant to whom at least a portion of a new unit of cryptographically generated data has been allocated" can be understood broadly to mean information indicative of the digital identity of the participant involved, the digital folder number of that participant, or other such indicator.

[0018] As used herein, the terms "user device", "participant device", and the like are intended to be understood broadly as a device on which a participant / user of the cryptographically generated data, or an intended participant / user of the cryptographically generated data, can transact using the cryptographically generated data. The user device may include, for example, a digital folder module that provides the functionality to store user credentials associated with the user device, and may also include, for example, a client application that allows the user to transact using the stored credentials. The user device may be any computing device suitable for allowing a user to engage with the cryptographically generated data, such as a smartphone, personal computer, tablet, or server. It should be understood that a user device may or may not be a node of a blockchain network, and similarly, a node of a blockchain network may or may not be a user device.

[0019] As mentioned above, the blockchain can support cryptographically generated data, and the blocks of the blockchain can store records of transactions that occur between users' digital folders, such as digital wallets, using cryptographically generated data tokens.

[0020] In embodiments and examples, the term "cryptographically generated data" may refer to cryptocurrency, which is a digital currency that facilitates the exchange of value by transferring cryptographic tokens between network participants and is secured using cryptographic methods. Blocks in a blockchain can store transaction data and can be used to represent the complete history of tokens transferred between participants of cryptographically generated data.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for adding a minting block to a blockchain supporting cryptographically generated data is provided. This can be understood to be accomplished through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated, the one or more contribution messages indicating that one or more participants of the cryptographically generated data have contributed to the provision of the biological dataset. Each of the one or more contribution messages includes a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset and anonymous credentials of the contributors who contributed to the provision of the biological dataset. The method further includes verifying that a certifier has communicated a quality authentication message, the quality authentication message being signed by the certifier and including (i) the dataset identifier, (ii) one or more anonymous credentials of the corresponding one or more contributors, and (iii) one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset. The method further includes creating a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated data amount. The minted block includes (i) a data set identifier, (ii) one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, (iii) one or more quality parameter values, (iv) a carat status indicative of a value of the cryptographically generated data and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and (v) cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of one or more contributor participants to whom at least a portion of the amount of the new cryptographically generated data is allocated. The method further includes adding the minted block to the blockchain.

[0022] Each contribution message may be communicated as a block on the blockchain. Verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated may include accessing the blockchain.

[0023] Verifying that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated may include receiving the one or more contribution messages off-chain.

[0024] The quality authentication message may be communicated as a block on a blockchain. Verifying that the authenticator communicated the quality authentication message may include accessing or referencing the blockchain.

[0025] Verifying that the authenticator has communicated the quality authenticated message may include receiving the quality authenticated message off-chain from the authenticator.

[0026] Verifying that the certifier has communicated the quality authentication message may further include verifying that the qualification authentication message was communicated after one or more contribution messages.

[0027] A minting block may also specify that a portion of the newly minted amount of cryptographically generated data should be allocated, for example, to mining nodes of the blockchain network (PoW- or PoA-based consensus systems). In other words, the minting mechanism can be used to complement the consensus mechanism used to maintain the blockchain.

[0028] Verifying that the authenticator communicated the quality authentication message further includes the quality authentication message including proof of authority, the proof of authority indicating that the authenticator who created the authentication message has authority to determine the quality parameter value.

[0029] At least one of the one or more contribution messages indicates a contributor to which the biological dataset belongs.

[0030] A contribution message of the one or more contribution messages may further include a permission status, the permission status indicating whether a contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has authorized the authenticator to share the biological dataset with a third party. The minting block may further include a distribution status, the distribution status indicating when the newly cryptographically generated unit of data may be withdrawn from distribution, the distribution status determined at least in part based on the permission status.

[0031] The biological dataset may include gene sequences. The biological dataset may include phenotypic information.

[0032] The dataset identifier may include a hash of the biological dataset.

[0033] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer readable medium is provided having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for adding a minted block to a blockchain as described herein.

[0034] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computing device is provided. The computing device includes one or more processors. The computing device further includes one or more machine-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon that, when processed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method of adding minted blocks to a blockchain as described herein. The computing device may include or be a central mint. The computing device may be a node of a blockchain network supporting cryptographically generated data.

[0035] According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided that is performed by an authenticator. The authenticator is a computing device that is trusted by nodes of a blockchain network that support cryptographically generated data, where the nodes of the blockchain can support cryptographically generated data through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes receiving a biological dataset. The method further includes receiving one or more identifiers of one or more corresponding contributors that contributed to providing the biological dataset. The method further includes analyzing the received biological dataset to determine one or more quality parameter values. The one or more quality parameter values ​​indicate a quality of the biological dataset. The method further includes sending to each of the one or more contributors a corresponding claim certificate claiming at least a portion of the new units of cryptographically generated data. Each claim certificate is authenticated by the authenticator and includes at least (i) the contributor's identifier, (ii) the contributor's anonymous authentication information, and (iii) a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset. The method further includes communicating a quality authentication message. The quality authentication message is used to create a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated data amount.

[0036] The quality authentication message may include at least (i) a dataset identifier, (ii) one or more anonymous authentication information for the corresponding one or more contributors, and (iii) one or more quality parameter values.

[0037] Communicating the authentication message may include adding a block including the authentication message to the blockchain.

[0038] Communicating the authentication message may include transmitting the authentication message off-chain to a central issuing authority.

[0039] The method may further include receiving evidence that the biological dataset belongs to a contributor.

[0040] The quality certification message may further include a permission status, which indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has permitted the certifier to share the biological dataset with a third party.

[0041] The biological dataset can include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0042] According to one aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor of an authenticator, cause the processor to perform the method described herein.

[0043] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an authenticator comprising one or more processors, the authenticator further comprising one or more machine-readable storage media having stored thereon instructions that, when processed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the methods described herein.

[0044] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided that is executed by one or more user devices to provide cryptographically generated data supported by a blockchain. The cryptographically generated data supported by a blockchain may be achieved by synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes transmitting a biological dataset to an authenticator, the authenticator being trusted by nodes of a blockchain network. The method further includes transmitting a unique identifier of each of one or more contributors to the authenticator, each contributor being a user who contributed to providing the biological dataset. The method further includes receiving a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors, each claim certificate associating the corresponding contributor's identifier with the contributor's anonymous credential and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, each claim certificate being signed by the authenticator. The method further includes communicating one or more contribution messages, each contribution message including at least (i) the contributor's anonymous credential and (ii) the dataset identifier.

[0045] The method may further include determining that at least a portion of the new amounts or units of the cryptographically generated data have been allocated to the contributors. The new units of the cryptographically generated data may be created in part in response to communication of the one or more contribution messages.

[0046] The method may further include the contributor providing proof of possession of a claim certificate upon using at least a portion of the cryptographically generated new unit of data.

[0047] The method may further include communicating one or more contribution messages, which may include causing one or more blocks to be added to the blockchain, the one or more blocks including the one or more contribution messages.

[0048] The method may further include accessing the blockchain to verify the one or more contribution messages communicate.

[0049] The method may further include communicating the one or more contribution messages, which may include sending the one or more contribution messages to an off-chain central issuing authority.

[0050] The biological dataset may include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0051] According to one aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor of a device associated with a participant of the encrypted generated data, cause the processor to perform a method as described herein.

[0052] According to one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for appending minted blocks to a blockchain supporting cryptographically generated data. The appending of minted blocks to a blockchain supporting cryptographically generated data may be accomplished by synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The system includes a network including one or more user devices associated with contributors contributing to provide a biological dataset, an issuing authority, and one or more authenticators, each authenticator being trusted by nodes of the blockchain network that maintain the blockchain and trusted by the issuing authority. The contributor transmits the biological dataset to the authenticator. The contributor further transmits an identifier of the contributor to the authenticator. The contributor further receives a corresponding claim certificate, the claim certificate associating the identifier of the contributor with the contributor's anonymous credentials and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, the claim certificate being signed by the authenticator. The contributor further communicates a contribution message to the issuing authority, the contribution message including at least (i) the contributor's anonymous credentials and (ii) the dataset identifier. The authenticator receives the biological dataset and one or more identifiers of the one or more contributors. The authenticator further analyzes the biological dataset and determines one or more quality parameter values. The one or more quality parameter values ​​indicate a quality of the biological dataset. The authenticator further transmits a corresponding claim certificate to each user device of the one or more contributors. The authenticator further communicates a quality authentication message to the issuing authority. The quality authentication message includes at least (i) a data set identifier, (ii) one or more anonymous authentication information of the corresponding one or more contributors, and (iii) one or more quality parameter values. The issuing authority creates a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated data quantity.The minting block includes at least (i) a dataset identifier, (ii) one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, (iii) one or more quality parameter values, (iv) a carat status indicative of a value of the new cryptographically generated data amount and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and (v) cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of a user to which at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated data amount is allocated, the indicated user including one or more contributors. The issuing authority further adds the minting block to the blockchain. The issuing authority may be a node of the blockchain network. The issuing authority may be a central issuing authority. The network may include at least some of the nodes of the blockchain network. The biological dataset may include gene sequences, and optionally the biological dataset may include phenotypic information.

[0053] Next, another embodiment will be described.

[0054] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for adding a minting block to a blockchain supporting cryptographically generated data through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated. The one or more contribution messages indicate that one or more users have contributed to providing a biological dataset. Each of the one or more contribution messages includes a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset and anonymous credentials of the contributors who contributed to providing the biological dataset. The method includes verifying that a certifier has communicated a quality authentication message. The quality authentication message is signed by the certifier and includes the dataset identifier, one or more anonymous credentials of the corresponding one or more contributors, and one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset. The method includes creating a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated data volume. The minting block includes a dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, one or more quality parameter values, a carat status indicative of a value of a new cryptographically generated data quantity and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of users to which at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated data quantity is allocated, the indicated users including one or more contributors. The method adds the minting block to the blockchain.

[0055] Each contribution message is communicated as a block on the blockchain, and verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated includes accessing the blockchain.

[0056] Verifying that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated includes receiving the one or more contribution messages off-chain.

[0057] The quality-certified message is communicated as a block on a blockchain, and verifying that the authenticator has communicated the quality-certified message includes accessing the blockchain.

[0058] Verifying that the authenticator has communicated the quality authenticated message includes receiving the quality authenticated message off-chain from the authenticator.

[0059] Verifying that the certifier communicated the quality authentication message further includes verifying that the qualification authentication message was communicated after one or more of the contribution messages.

[0060] The method further includes determining that the quality authentication message includes a proof of authority, the proof of authority indicating that a verifier who created the authentication message has authority to determine the quality parameter value.

[0061] At least one of the one or more contribution messages may indicate a contributor to which the biological dataset belongs.

[0062] A contribution message of the one or more contribution messages further includes a permission status, the permission status indicating whether a contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has authorized the certifier to share the biological dataset with a third party.

[0063] The minted block may further include a distribution status indicating when the new unit of the cryptographically generated data will be removed from circulation, the distribution status being determined at least in part based on the authorization status.

[0064] The biological dataset may include gene sequences, and optionally the biological dataset includes phenotypic information. The dataset identifier may include a hash of the biological dataset.

[0065] According to one aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated; the one or more contribution messages indicating that one or more users have contributed to providing the biological dataset, each of the one or more contribution messages including a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset and anonymous authentication information of a contributor who contributed to providing the biological dataset; verifying that an authenticator has communicated a quality authentication message; the quality authentication message is signed by the authenticator and includes the dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information of the corresponding one or more contributors, and one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset; and creating a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated amount of data. The minting block includes a dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, one or more quality parameter values, a carat status indicative of a value of the new cryptographically generated data amount and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of users to which at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated data amount is allocated, the indicated users including one or more contributors. The method includes adding the minting block to the blockchain.

[0066] According to one aspect of the invention, a computer device is provided that includes one or more processors and one or more machine-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon that, when processed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method of: The method includes verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated, the one or more contribution messages indicating that one or more users have contributed to providing a biological dataset, each of the one or more contribution messages including a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset and anonymous authentication information of a contributor who contributed to providing the biological dataset; The method includes verifying that an authenticator has communicated a quality authentication message, the quality authentication message being signed by the authenticator and including the dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information of a corresponding one or more contributors, and one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset; The method includes creating a minting block that establishes a new cryptographically generated amount of data. The minting block includes a data set identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, one or more quality parameter values, a carat status indicative of a value of the new cryptographically generated data amount and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and cryptographically generated data allocation information indicative of users to which at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated data amount is allocated, the indicated users including one or more contributors. The method includes adding the minting block to a blockchain. The computer device can include a central issuing authority. The computer device can include a node of a blockchain network.

[0067] According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for adding minted blocks to a blockchain supporting cryptographically generated data through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes is provided. The system includes a network including one or more user devices associated with contributors providing biological datasets, an issuing authority, and one or more authenticators, each authenticator trusted by nodes of the blockchain network that maintain the blockchain and the issuing authority. The user device of the contributor performs the following operations: sending the biological dataset to the authenticator; sending an identifier of the contributor to the authenticator; receiving a corresponding claim certificate, the claim certificate associating the identifier of the contributor with the anonymous credential of the contributor and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, the claim certificate being signed by the authenticator; and communicating a contribution message to the issuing authority, the contribution message including the anonymous credential of the contributor and the dataset identifier. The authenticator receives the biological dataset and one or more identifiers of the one or more contributors, analyzes the biological dataset to determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset, transmits a corresponding claim certificate to each user device of the one or more contributors, and communicates a quality authentication message to the issuing authority, the quality authentication message including the dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information of the corresponding one or more contributors, and the one or more quality parameter values. The issuing authority creates a minting block establishing a new encrypted data quantity, the minting block including the dataset identifier, the one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message, the one or more quality parameter values, a carat status indicative of a value of the new encrypted data quantity and determined at least in part from the one or more quality parameter values, and data allocation information indicative of a user to which at least a portion of the new encrypted data quantity will be allocated, the indicated user including the one or more contributors, and adds the minting block to the blockchain.

[0068] The issuing authority may be a node of a blockchain network, or the issuing authority may be a central issuing authority. The network may include nodes of a blockchain network. The biological dataset may include gene sequences, and the biological dataset may optionally include phenotypic information.

[0069] According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for execution by an authenticator. The authenticator is trusted by nodes of a blockchain network that supports cryptographically generated data through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes receiving a biological dataset. The method includes receiving one or more identifiers of one or more contributors corresponding to each contributor who contributed to providing the biological dataset. The method includes analyzing the received biological dataset to determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset. The method includes sending to each of the one or more contributors a corresponding claim certificate claiming at least a portion of a new unit of cryptographically generated data. Each claim certificate is authenticated by the authenticator and includes a contributor identifier, the contributor's anonymous credential, and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset. The method includes communicating a quality authentication message. The quality authentication message is used to create a minting block that establishes a new unit of cryptographically generated data.

[0070] Communicating the authentication message may include causing a node of the blockchain network to add a block to the blockchain that includes the authentication message.

[0071] Communicating the authentication message includes transmitting the authentication message off-chain to a central issuing authority.

[0072] The method further includes receiving evidence that the biological dataset belongs to the contributor.

[0073] The quality certification message may include a permission status, which indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has authorized the biological dataset to be shared by the certifier with a third party.

[0074] The biological dataset includes gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0075] The quality authentication message may include a dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information for the corresponding one or more contributors, and one or more quality parameter values.

[0076] According to one aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: receive a biological dataset, receive one or more identifiers of one or more contributors corresponding to each contributor who contributed to providing the biological dataset, analyze the received biological dataset to determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset, send to each of the one or more contributors a corresponding claim certificate claiming at least a portion of a new unit of encrypted generated data, each claim certificate being authenticated by an authenticator and including the contributor's identifier, the contributor's anonymous credential, and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, and communicate a quality authentication message for use in creating a minting block establishing the new unit of encrypted generated data.

[0077] The instructions may further direct the processor to cause a node of the blockchain network to add a block including the authentication message to the blockchain.

[0078] The instructions may further direct the processor to send the authentication message off-chain to a central issuing authority.

[0079] The instructions may further cause the processor to receive evidence that the biological dataset belongs to the contributor.

[0080] The quality certification message may include a permission status, which indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has authorized the biological dataset to be shared by the certifier with a third party.

[0081] The biological dataset can include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0082] The quality authentication message may include a dataset identifier, one or more anonymous authentication information for the corresponding one or more contributors, and one or more quality parameter values.

[0083] According to one aspect of the invention, a computing device is provided that operates as an authenticator. The computing device includes one or more processors and one or more machine-readable storage media that store instructions that, when processed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receive a biological dataset; receive one or more identifiers corresponding to each contributor that contributed to providing the biological dataset; analyze the received biological dataset and determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset; send to each of the one or more contributors a corresponding claim certificate claiming at least a portion of a new unit of cryptographically generated data, each claim certificate being authenticated by the authenticator and including the contributor's identifier, the contributor's anonymous credential, and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset; and communicate a quality authentication message that is used to create a minting block that establishes the new unit of cryptographically generated data. The quality authentication message includes the dataset identifier, the one or more anonymous credentials of the corresponding one or more contributors, and the one or more quality parameter values.

[0084] The one or more processors may further be operable to cause nodes of the blockchain network to add a block including the authentication message to the blockchain.

[0085] The one or more processors may further be operable to send the authentication message off-chain to a central issuing authority.

[0086] The one or more processors may further be operable to receive evidence that the biological dataset belongs to a contributor.

[0087] The quality certification message may include a permission status, which indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has authorized the biological dataset to be shared by the certifier with a third party.

[0088] The biological dataset includes gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0089] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method or performance by one or more user devices associated with a user is provided, where cryptographically generated data is supported by a blockchain through synchronization via peer-to-peer nodes. The method includes transmitting a biological dataset to an authenticator trusted by nodes of a blockchain network. The method includes transmitting a unique identifier of each of one or more contributors to the authenticator, where each contributor is a user who contributed to providing the biological dataset. The method includes receiving a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors, where each claim certificate associates the corresponding contributor's identifier with the contributor's anonymous credential and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, where each claim certificate is signed by the authenticator. The method includes communicating one or more contribution messages, where each contribution message includes the contributor's anonymous credential and the dataset identifier.

[0090] The method further includes determining that at least a portion of the new units of cryptographically generated data have been assigned to contributors, the new units of cryptographically generated data being created in part in response to communication of the one or more contribution messages.

[0091] The method may further include the contributor providing proof of possession of a claim certificate upon using at least a portion of the cryptographically generated new unit of data.

[0092] The method may further include communicating one or more contribution messages, which may include adding one or more blocks to the blockchain, the one or more blocks including the one or more contribution messages.

[0093] The method may further include accessing the blockchain to verify that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated.

[0094] The method may further include communicating the one or more contribution messages, which may include sending the one or more contribution messages to an off-chain central issuing authority.

[0095] The biological dataset may include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0096] According to another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: transmit the biological dataset to an authenticator trusted by nodes of a blockchain network; transmit a unique identifier of each of one or more contributors to the authenticator, each contributor being a user who contributed to providing the biological dataset; receive a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors, each claim certificate associating a corresponding contributor's identifier with anonymous credentials for that contributor and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, each claim certificate being signed by the authenticator; and communicate one or more contribution messages, each contribution message including the contributor's anonymous credentials and the dataset identifier.

[0097] The instructions further cause the processor to determine that at least a portion of the new units of encrypted generated data have been assigned to contributors, the new units of encrypted generated data being created in part in response to communication of the one or more contribution messages.

[0098] The instructions may further cause the processor to provide proof of possession of the claim certificate by the contributor upon using at least a portion of the encrypted generated new unit of data.

[0099] The instructions may further cause the processor to add one or more blocks including the one or more contribution messages to the blockchain.

[0100] The instructions may further cause the processor to access the blockchain to verify that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated.

[0101] The instructions may further cause the processor to send one or more contribution messages to an off-chain central issuing authority.

[0102] The biological dataset may include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0103] According to another aspect of the invention, a user device is provided that includes one or more processors and one or more machine-readable storage media storing instructions that, when processed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following: transmitting the biological dataset to an authenticator trusted by nodes of a blockchain network; transmitting a unique identifier of each of one or more contributors to the authenticator, each contributor being a user who contributed to providing the biological dataset; receiving a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors, each claim certificate associating the corresponding contributor's identifier with anonymous credentials for that contributor and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, each claim certificate being signed by the authenticator; and communicating one or more contribution messages, each contribution message including the anonymous credentials of the contributor and the dataset identifier.

[0104] The one or more processors are further operable to determine that at least a portion of the new units of encrypted generated data have been allocated to contributors, the new units of encrypted generated data being created in part in response to communication of the one or more contribution messages.

[0105] The one or more processors may further be operable to provide proof of possession of a claim certificate when a contributor uses at least a portion of the encrypted generated new unit of data.

[0106] The one or more processors may further be operable to send one or more contribution messages to an off-chain central issuing authority.

[0107] The one or more processors are further operable to add one or more blocks to the blockchain, the one or more blocks including the one or more contribution messages.

[0108] The biological dataset may include gene sequence and / or phenotypic information.

[0109] In light of the teachings presented herein, those skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain will envision many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions presented herein. It will therefore be understood that the disclosure herein is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, while the descriptions provided herein provide example embodiments in the context of a combination of specific elements, steps and / or functions may be provided by alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0110] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a computer device and a computer-readable storage medium. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 illustrates a communications system that supports encrypted generated data. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a flow chart. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows a flow chart. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows the swimlane flowchart. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows the swimlane flowchart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0111] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers are used to represent similar parts, and in which: Various embodiments are described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and variations of these embodiments may also fall fully within the scope of the present invention, which is limited only by the claims.

[0112] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a system, method, apparatus, computer program, or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects, all of which may be generally referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system." Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program or computer program product embodied in any one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer usable program code embodied therein.

[0113] Aspects and embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), computer programs, and computer program products by way of illustrative examples. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, and the instructions, executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the function / act specified in the block or blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams.

[0114] These computer program instructions may be stored on a computer-readable medium that can direct a computing device, other programmable data processing device, or other device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored on the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture that includes instructions that implement the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram blocks.

[0115] The computer program instructions are loaded into a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device and a sequence of operational steps are executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to generate a computer-implemented process, and the instructions executing on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide a process that implements the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram blocks.

[0116] The disclosed flowcharts and block diagrams illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, apparatus, methods, computer programs, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions that implement the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions shown in the blocks may occur out of the order shown in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. It should also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and / or flowchart diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowchart diagrams, may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations, or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0117] The illustrative examples described herein may be utilized in many different types of data processing environments, including distributed data processing environments, a single data processing device, and the like.

[0118] 1 illustrates a block diagram of a data processing system / computer device / computing device 100 upon which exemplary embodiments may be implemented. Computing device 100 is an example of a computer upon which computer usable program code or instructions implementing a process may be located. In this example, data processing system 100 includes a communications fabric 102 that provides communications between a processor unit 104, a memory unit 106, an input / output unit 108, a communications module 110, and a display device 112.

[0119] The one or more processing units / processors 104 execute instructions of software that may be loaded into memory 106. The processor unit 104 may be a set of one or more processors or may be a multi-processor core, depending on the particular implementation. Additionally, the processor unit 104 may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which a main processor and secondary processors reside on a single chip.

[0120] The one or more memory units 106 are any hardware capable of temporarily and / or persistently storing information, such as, for example, data, program code in a functional form, and / or other suitable information. The one or more memory units 106 include, for example, random access memory or other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage devices. The one or more memory units include a form of persistent storage, such as, for example, a hard drive, flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or a combination thereof. Media used for persistent storage may also be removable. For example, the one or more memory units 106 include a removable hard drive.

[0121] Input / output unit 108 allows for the input and output of data to and from other devices capable of communicating with computing device 100. For example, input / output unit 108 may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard, a mouse, and / or other suitable devices. Input / output unit 108 may provide output to, for example, a printer.

[0122] The communications module 110 enables communication with other data processing systems or devices. The communications module 110 can provide communications using either or both physical and wireless communications links.

[0123] Instructions for applications and / or programs may be located in one or more memory units 106, which are in communication with processor unit 104 via communications fabric 102. Computer-implementable instructions are in a functional form on persistent storage in memory unit 106 and may be executed by processor unit 104.

[0124] These instructions may be referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code, which is read and executed by a processor in processor unit 104. The program code in different embodiments may be embodied on different physical or tangible computer readable media.

[0125] In FIG. 1, the computer readable instructions are located in a functional form on a computer readable storage medium 114 that is selectively removable and can be loaded or transferred to the computer device 100 for execution by the processor unit 104. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of computer readable media include portable computer diskettes, hard disks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs or flash memories), portable compact disk read only memories (CDROMs), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In the context of this specification, a computer readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0126] Alternatively, the computer readable instructions 116 may be transferred to the computing device 100 from the computer readable storage medium 114 via a communications link to the communications module 110 and / or a connection to the input / output unit 108. The communications link and / or connection may be physical or wireless.

[0127] In some exemplary embodiments, computer-implementable instructions 116 may be downloaded to memory unit 106 from a remote device over a network for use by computing device 100. For example, computer-implementable instructions stored on a remote server may be downloaded from the server to device 100 over a network.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the architecture described above in connection with Figure 1 is not intended to place limitations on the computing device that may perform the methods described herein. Instead, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other architectures may apply. For example, the computing device may include more or fewer elements.

[0129] FIG. 2 shows a communication system 200 that includes a communication network 250 , a number of authenticators 230 , an issuing authority 240 , and a network 205 .

[0130] Within network 205 is a blockchain network 215 that includes a number of blockchain nodes 220 (shown in FIG. 2 as nodes 220a-220d, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that a blockchain network will typically be comprised of many more nodes).

[0131] Blockchain nodes 220 may take any suitable form and may include any suitable computing device. For example, a node may include a computing device 100 as described in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, nodes 220a and 220c are shown as computers or servers and may be any suitable computing device capable of storage and data processing, such as a personal computer, server, laptop computer, or other such machine. Node 220b is shown as a mining pool, or a collection or cluster of interconnected computing devices. For example, a collection of servers or personal computers configured to collectively process blockchain information, such as by parallel processing of data or division of tasks. The collection of computing devices may communicate with each other via direct peer-to-peer connections or through other networks (such as closed local networks such as the Internet or an intranet). The collection of computing devices may collectively communicate with other computing devices via a communication network 250. Node 220d is shown as a collection of dedicated processors and storage devices.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that node 220 may be any suitable computing device. For example, node 220 may include one or more computing devices such as a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a workstation, a blade server, a mainframe, and the like.

[0133] The blockchain nodes 220 together form the infrastructure of the blockchain. All nodes 220 of the blockchain network 215 exchange information about the blockchain with one or more other nodes, allowing each node to store up-to-date blockchain data. Thus, a blockchain node 220 is understood to mean an entity configured to store, distribute and preserve blockchain data. For example, a node 220 may be configured to check whether a block of the blockchain is valid or not, and to accept or reject the block accordingly. For example, a node 220 may store and remember the block (and thus the blockchain history). For example, a node 220 may communicate this blockchain history to other nodes 220 that may need to synchronize with the blockchain. One or more nodes 220 may be so-called "full nodes". A full node is a device that contains a complete copy of the blockchain history.

[0134] Each node 220 communicates with at least one other node 220, and optionally other devices, via the communications network 210 to form a peer-to-peer blockchain network 215 of devices that participate in sharing, storing, and / or establishing a blockchain. Although the blockchain network 215 in FIG. 2 is shown to include only nodes 220, the blockchain network 215 may further include one or more authenticators 230 when authenticators are configured to function as nodes. Additionally, the blockchain network may further include an issuing authority 240 when an issuing authority functions as a node.

[0135] Blockchain supports encrypted data, i.e. at least some blocks of the blockchain contain transaction information regarding the transfer of an amount of encrypted data from one digital folder to another digital folder. The transaction history is maintained by the integrity of the blockchain, which is stored in multiple nodes 220 of the blockchain network 215.

[0136] Network 205 includes multiple user devices 210 associated with cryptographically generated data users / participants (shown in FIG. 2 as user devices 210a-210c, although one skilled in the art would understand that a network would typically be comprised of many more participants). User device 210a is an example of a user device 210. User device 210a may be any suitable computing device, such as device 100 of FIG. 1. User device 210a executes a digital folder module 212 and a client application 214. In the context of cryptographically generated data, digital folder module 212 typically provides functionality for storing user credentials associated with the user device. In particular, digital folder module 212 may generate and store a user's public key (public address) and securely store a user's private key. Digital folder module 212 typically also includes functionality that allows the digital wallet to interact with processes and services to perform transactions. The client application 214 cooperates with the digital folder module 212 to enable a user of the user device 210a to conduct encrypted data transactions with other participants in the network 205 (eg, 210b, 210c).

[0137] The blockchain provided by the blockchain network 215 can be used as a record-keeping system that maintains participants' identities in a secure and (pseudo-)anonymous form, their respective encrypted data balances, and a register of all legitimate transactions performed between network participants.

[0138] The blockchain network 215 is shown as a subset of the network 205 of FIG. 2, although one skilled in the art will appreciate that this may not be the case. The nodes 220 that store, communicate, and store the blockchain (and thus the encrypted data) may or may not be user devices, since they may perform transactions in units of encrypted data. In some examples, the network 205 may constitute the entire blockchain network 215. In some examples, the network 205 may overlap in part with the blockchain network 215 (some nodes 220 may also operate as user devices, and others may not). In some examples, the network 205 may be separate from the blockchain network 215. That is, the nodes 220 do not maintain a blockchain and therefore do not keep a transaction history of the currency, and the user devices 210 do not maintain a blockchain, but the users associated with them may be referenced in the transaction history stored therein.

[0139] The network further comprises an issuing authority 240, which is described further below.

[0140] At least some of the user devices 210 of the network 205 may communicate with one or more authenticators 230 via a communications network 250. As described further below, the user devices interact with the authenticator 230 to provide it with biological data sets, which can then assign users of those devices at least some of the newly minted encrypted data units. Participants / users who contribute to providing biological data sets to the authenticator may be referred to as "contributors."

[0141] 2, the authenticators 230 are communicatively coupled to the same communications network 250 as the network 205, although this need not be the case. Additionally, while only three authenticators 230 are shown in FIG. 2, there may be more or fewer authenticators 230. In some examples, the authenticators 230 operate as blockchain nodes 220 and thus are part of the blockchain network 215. In some examples, the authenticators 230 may be participant devices of the network 205.

[0142] The authenticator 230 may be any suitable computing device, such as the computing device 100 shown in FIG. 1. The authenticator 230 is a computing device that can be trusted by multiple nodes 220 of the blockchain network, and a digital signature or other form of verifiable transaction authorization (such as a certificate) issued by the authenticator 230 allows the nodes 220 to determine that an operation or any data signed by the authenticator 230 has been marked as valid and therefore trustworthy by the nodes 220. That is, each authenticator may provide some proof of authority. Each authenticator 230 communicates with one or more nodes 220 via the communication network 210, and also with the issuing authority 240 in the example of FIG. 2. The authenticator 230 may be operated, for example, by a trusted research institution or public institution.

[0143] The certifier 230 analyzes the received biological data set and provides an indication of the quality of the biological data set. The certifier 230 can send a quality certification message to the issuing authority 240, which analyzes the message in the process of creating a new unit of encrypted generated data. The certifier 230 can communicate a claim certificate to the contributor, who can use the claim certificate to use any portion of the new unit of encrypted data assigned to the contributor.

[0144] The network also includes an issuing authority 240 .

[0145] In some examples, the issuing authority 240 is a node 220 of the blockchain network 215, which is particularly useful for decentralized encrypted data. The issuing authority's functionality may be embedded in computer executable instructions executed by all nodes to maintain the blockchain. In such a situation, the identity of the issuing authority may be updated or changed over time. For example, a first node may act as the node that creates a first new minted block of encrypted data, and the responsibility of the issuing authority to create a second new minted block of encrypted data may be assigned to a second node. The assignment of a node as an issuing authority may be assigned according to a consensus mechanism, such as Proof of Stake.

[0146] In other examples, the issuing authority 240 may be a central issuing authority in a centralized cryptographically generated data. For example, the central issuing authority may be trusted by the nodes 220 of the blockchain network 215, and the certifiers 230 may act as agents of the central issuing authority. The central issuing authority may track and verify the certifiers 230 so that the certifiers 230 are trusted by the blockchain nodes 220. For example, the central issuing authority 240 may sign a certificate to each certifier 230 that the certifiers can use to build trust relationships with the nodes of the blockchain network 215.

[0147] Regardless of whether the system 200 is centralized or not, the issuing authority 240 creates new blocks to add to the blockchain. The new blockchain defines new units of cryptographically generated data. The value of the new units depends on quality parameters indicated in a quality authentication message communicated by the authenticator. At least a portion of the new units of cryptographically generated data are allocated to contributors to the provision of the biological dataset. The function of the issuing authority is described in more detail below.

[0148] 3 shows a flowchart of a method 300 performed by one or more user devices 210, or “contributors,” that contribute to a biological dataset. A user device may be any suitable computing device, such as computing device 100.

[0149] The method includes, at 310, transmitting the biological dataset to a verifier 230 trusted by the nodes 220 of the blockchain network 215. Transmitting the biological dataset to the verifier 230 includes transmitting the biological dataset directly to the verifier 230 over a private channel or transmitting the biological dataset through an intermediary. The biological dataset is not communicated over the blockchain, but preferably over a private and secure channel.

[0150] The biological dataset can be any suitable biological dataset. For example, the biological dataset can include polynucleotide sequences and phenotypic information. The polynucleotide sequences can be DNA or RNA, represented by raw or processed sequence output. The phenotypic information can be any data that is qualitative or quantitative, discrete or continuous, subjective (self-reported) or objective (measurable in a standardized manner).

[0151] The method includes, at 320, transmitting a unique identifier of each of the one or more contributors to the authenticator. Each contributor is an encrypted data participant that contributed to providing the data set. Transmitting the unique identifier to the authenticator 230 includes transmitting the unique identifier directly to the authenticator 230 over a private channel or transmitting the unique identifier through an intermediary.

[0152] The unique identifier may include, for example, a unique name or number that identifies the contributor, the contributor's public key, etc.

[0153] Operations 310 and 320 may be performed in any order or substantially simultaneously.

[0154] Although not shown, the method may further include transmitting additional information to the certifier 230. For example, a contributor claiming to be the legal owner of the biological dataset or the biological material from which the biological dataset is derived may be required to provide evidence of legal ownership of the biological dataset / biological material.

[0155] The method includes, at 330, receiving a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors. Each claim certificate associates a unique identifier for the corresponding contributor with the anonymous credential for that contributor. Each claim certificate further associates the unique identifier for the corresponding contributor with a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset. Each claim certificate is signed by the authenticator 230 and therefore can be trusted by nodes of the blockchain network 215.

[0156] Anonymous credentials are broadly understood as information that a contributor to whom a claim certificate has been issued can use to verify his or her identity without revealing his or her identity. Anonymous credentials are also called zero-knowledge identifiers, and anonymous credentials may be generated by zero-knowledge protocols.

[0157] The dataset identifier is any identifier that can be used to uniquely identify the corresponding biological dataset. For example, the authenticator may store the biological dataset in a database (not accessible to the network), and the dataset identifier may include a hash of the biological dataset and other associated information stored in the database entry. The dataset identifier may include information indicating which entry in the database corresponds to the biological dataset.

[0158] The claim certificate allows a contributor to claim some or all of the newly minted cryptographically generated data. More specifically, when a new minted block is created and added to the blockchain, a contributor can spend the cryptographically generated data allocated in that minted block by proving possession of the claim certificate. Proving possession of the claim certificate may include presenting or providing a certificate or using other privacy-preserving methods of presenting a certificate, such as zero-knowledge proofs. In one example, the contributor may present the claim certificate in its entirety, and in another example, the contributor may present only a portion of the claim certificate. In one example, the claim certificate is only partially presented, and confidential or personal information remains hidden.

[0159] The method includes, at 340, communicating one or more contribution messages.

[0160] In some examples, communicating the contribution message includes adding the contribution message to the blockchain. For example, the contribution message may be passed to a data pool from which a node 220 of the blockchain network may retrieve the contribution message and incorporate it into a block, which is then effectively added to its local copy of the blockchain and communicated to other nodes of the blockchain network 215. In this manner, the contribution message may be communicated to all viewers of the blockchain, including the issuing authority, regardless of whether the issuing authority is part of a decentralized blockchain network or whether the issuing authority is a central issuing authority.

[0161] In some examples, if the issuing authority is separate from the blockchain network 215, e.g., the issuing authority is a central issuing authority, communicating the contribution message includes communicating the contribution message off-chain, directly or indirectly, to the issuing authority. The contribution message may be communicated over a private channel, in some examples.

[0162] The contribution message allows a contributor to indicate to the issuing authority that they have contributed to the provision of a particular biological dataset and that they should be allocated at least a portion of the newly minted units of cryptographically generated data accordingly.

[0163] Each contribution message includes the anonymous credentials of the contributor. The contribution message may further include the anonymous credentials of the additional contributor. For example, a first contributor can communicate a contribution message including the anonymous credentials of the first contributor and optionally the anonymous credentials of the second contributor and further optionally the anonymous credentials of the additional contributor. For example, the first contributor may be a legal owner of the biological material from which the biological dataset is derived and the second contributor may be an entity that derives the biological dataset from the biological material. The first contributor can communicate a contribution message including identifiers of both the first contributor and the second contributor. Similarly, the second contributor can communicate a contribution message including identifiers of both the first contributor and the second contributor.

[0164] Each contribution message includes a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, and thus each contributor is linked to a particular dataset.

[0165] The contribution message is used to notify one or more users that they have contributed to the provision of the biological dataset. The contribution message is then reviewed by the issuing authority 240, and if it can be determined that the contributor has contributed to the biological dataset identified by the database identifier, the contributor receives at least a portion of the newly minted cryptographically generated data units. Thus, although not illustrated in FIG. 3, the method may further include receiving at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated units of data created by the contributor in part in response to the communication of one or more contribution messages. Receiving at least a portion of the new cryptographically generated units of data is broadly understood to mean that the portion is allocated to the user's digital wallet.

[0166] In order to execute a first transaction using at least a portion of the newly created cryptographically generated data unit, a contributor must prove that they possess a claim certificate indicating that the contributor is associated with that portion of the newly created cryptographically generated data unit. After this first use, the cryptographically generated data is free to be transacted by users. As above, proving possession of a claim certificate may include presenting or providing a certificate, or using other privacy-preserving methods of presenting a certificate, such as zero-knowledge proofs. In one example, the contributor may present the claim certificate in its entirety, and in another example, the contributor may present only a portion of the claim certificate. In one example, the claim certificate is only partially presented, and any confidential or personal information remains hidden.

[0167] The contribution message may also be used to expose a permission status indicating whether the contributor to which the dataset belongs has authorized the biological dataset to be shared with third parties by the authenticator. Thus, the contributor to which the dataset belongs maintains control over the dataset itself. However, the permission status may reduce the value of the cryptographically generated data token or limit its duration.

[0168] 4 illustrates a flow chart of a method 400 performed by a computing device, such as computing device 100. The method is suitable for performance by authenticator 230.

[0169] The method includes receiving a biological dataset, at 410. The biological dataset is received off-chain. The method includes receiving one or more identifiers of one or more corresponding contributors that contributed to providing the biological dataset, at 420. Steps 410 and 420 may be performed in any order or may be performed substantially simultaneously.

[0170] The method includes, at 430, analyzing the received biological dataset to determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of a quality of the biological dataset.

[0171] The biological dataset can include any suitable biological dataset and one or more quality parameters to be evaluated, which can be any suitable quantifiable bioinformatics parameter.

[0172] The quality of the biological dataset is used to determine the value (i.e., the number of cryptographic tokens) that will be created as part of a newly generated unit of cryptographically generated data. Therefore, the biological dataset needs to be analyzed against a defined standard unit of measurement for the biological dataset.

[0173] For example, a biological dataset can include polynucleotide sequences and, optionally, phenotypic data.

[0174] In some examples, the biological dataset can include genetic data. Examples of standard units of measure include: (i) an individual genome or pan-genome, (ii) an individual transcriptome or pan-transcriptome, and (iii) for an individual, a set of genetic variations of the whole genome or transcriptome, pan-genome or pan-transcriptome.

[0175] The quality parameters used to assess the genetic data may include one or more of the following: -Sequencing representation type (whole genome sequencing, or representation of a set of gene mutations); - number of sequencing time points; -Temporal coverage (e.g., 100x coverage of one genome size); - accuracy of sequencing reads included in the genome assembly (e.g., a threshold of 99%); -Secondary modifications (methylation, acetylation, etc.); - If the sequence type is a set of genetic variants relative to a defined reference genome, the number of defined genetic variants included in the set. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that this is not an exhaustive list.

[0176] In this manner, the authenticator 230 can determine one or more quality parameter values ​​indicative of the quality of the received biological data set.

[0177] The method includes, at 440, sending each of the one or more contributors a corresponding claim certificate claiming at least a portion of the new units of the cryptographically generated data. Each claim certificate is signed by the authenticator 230. As described above, the claim certificate indicates anonymous credentials to the contributor, who uses the claim certificate when first using his or her share of the newly allocated units of the cryptographically generated data.

[0178] The method includes communicating 450 a quality authentication message that serves to indicate to the issuing authority 240 which users contributed to the provision of the biological dataset so that the issuing authority can compare with the contribution messages to properly allocate shares of the newly minted cryptographically generated data to the contributors. The quality authentication message also serves to indicate to the issuing authority 240 the quality of the received dataset. The issuing authority 240 can then create a new minting block that establishes a new unit of cryptographically generated data, the carat value of which is based on the quality of the biological dataset.

[0179] The quality certification message includes a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset. The quality certification message further includes one or more anonymous authentication information of the corresponding one or more contributors. The quality certification message further includes one or more quality parameter values.

[0180] The quality certification message further includes the permission status of the contributor to which the data set belongs.

[0181] 5 illustrates a flowchart for execution by a computing device, such as computing device 100. The method is suitable for execution by any entity functioning as an issuing authority 240, whether that entity is a central issuing authority in a centralized system or a node 220 in a blockchain network 215.

[0182] The method includes, at 510, verifying that one or more contribution messages have been communicated, the one or more contribution messages indicating that one or more participants of the encrypted generated data have contributed to providing the biological dataset.

[0183] In some examples, verifying that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated may include accessing or referencing the blockchain to verify that the one or more contribution messages associated with a dataset identifier for the biological dataset are included in a block on the blockchain.

[0184] In other examples, verifying that the one or more contribution messages have been communicated may include receiving the one or more contribution messages off-chain, for example, by a central issuing authority, which may receive the contribution messages from the contributors themselves.

[0185] The method includes, at 520 , verifying that the verifier 230 has communicated the quality authentication message, the quality authentication message being signed by the verifier 230 .

[0186] In some examples, verifying that the quality authentication message has been communicated can include accessing or referencing a blockchain to verify that the quality authentication message associated with the dataset identifier of the biological dataset is included in a block of the blockchain. In other examples, verifying that the quality authentication message has been communicated can include receiving the quality authentication message from a certifier.

[0187] The authenticator signature of the quality authentication message is used to verify that the quality authentication message is authentic.

[0188] The issuing authority 240 may perform further checks before determining whether to create a new minting block establishing a new unit of cryptographically generated data. For example, the issuing authority 240 may check whether a quality authentication message has been communicated after one or more contribution messages have been communicated.

[0189] The method includes, at 530, creating a new minted block that establishes a new unit of encrypted generated data.

[0190] A minted block, when added to the blockchain, introduces a new unit of cryptographically generated data into the network. A minted block contains a dataset identifier.

[0191] The casting block includes one or more anonymous authentication information determined from the quality authentication message. The casting block includes one or more quality parameters.

[0192] The minted block also includes a carat status indicating a value of the new unit of cryptographically generated data, the carat status being determined at least in part from one or more quality parameter values.

[0193] In some instances, the karat value may be similar to the gold standard. For example, 24 karat gold represents 100% of the value of the metal. Similarly, if the quality parameter value of a biological dataset exceeds one or more thresholds, the corresponding karat value may also represent 100% of the value of the biological dataset. That is, a minted block may be added to the blockchain, but the cryptographic tokens produced by that minted block may have an associated level of "purity" based on the quality parameter value of the biological dataset.

[0194] In some examples, the value of the newly generated cryptographically generated data may be represented as the number of cryptographic tokens generated by the new minted block, which may be an integer value, or the cryptographic tokens may be divisible into several sub-units and the number of cryptographic tokens may be represented as a decimal value.

[0195] The minted block may further include encrypted generated data allocation information. The encrypted generated data allocation information indicates to which users the newly minted amount of encrypted generated data is allocated. The encrypted generated data allocation information indicates participants of the encrypted generated data to whom at least a portion of the new encrypted generated data is allocated and their allocated portions. The indicated participants include at least contributors, but may also include other users.

[0196] Examples of contributors that may be allocated a portion of the newly generated amount of encrypted generated data include users who provide biological material from which the biological dataset is derived, users who generate the biological dataset from biological material, etc.

[0197] A portion of the encrypted generated data may be assigned to other users who are not contributors, for example, if the authenticator also functions as a user device, a portion of the encrypted generated data may be assigned to a user associated with the authenticator.

[0198] The minted block may include further information. For example, the minted block may include a distribution status indicating if or when the new cryptographically generated data quantity will be removed from distribution. The distribution status is linked to the permission status of the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs. For example, when the permission status states that the certifier can share the dataset with third parties (such as research institutions), the cryptographically generated data token may not have a distribution deadline, but when the contributor has not given the certifier permission to share the dataset with third parties, a distribution deadline may be associated with the new cryptographically generated data quantity.

[0199] The method includes adding the minted block to the blockchain, at 550. Adding the minted block to the blockchain may include, for example, passing information of the minted block to a data pool from which nodes of the blockchain network can retrieve the information for inclusion in the block.

[0200] In instances where the issuing authority is a central issuing authority, the minted block may include a signature or other evidence indicating that the central issuing authority created the minted block.

[0201] 6 shows a swim lane diagram of a minting process according to an example. In this example, the biological dataset includes polynucleotide sequences, in particular gene sequences. A first contributor to the provision of the biological dataset is a genetic material provider (GMP) 602, and a second contributor to the provision of the biological dataset is a sequence generator 604.

[0202] The swimlane diagram also shows actions performed by the authenticator 606, which may be one of multiple authenticators trusted by the nodes of the blockchain network.

[0203] The swim lane diagram also illustrates actions performed by an issuing authority 608. The issuing authority may be a computing device controlled by a central issuing authority, or, if the blockchain network is decentralized, the issuing authority may be a node of the blockchain network that performs the issuing authority actions as a result of execution of the blockchain protocol.

[0204] GMP 602 may be an individual, or it may be a research institute or institution, or other repository that legally owns the genetic material.

[0205] At 610 , the GMP 602 transmits the GMP's identifier (GMPID) and the genetic material to a sequence generator 604 .

[0206] The sequence generator 604 can be a user or an entity with associated equipment capable of deriving a genetic sequence from genetic material. For example, the sequence generator may use a nanopore sequencer. Transmembrane holes (e.g., nanopores) are used to identify small molecules or folded proteins and monitor chemical or enzymatic reactions at the near single molecule level. Such transmembrane pores have great potential as electrical biosensors for polymers and various small molecules. Nanopore sequencers are useful for polynucleotide sequencing and biomarker recognition. The flow of ions (e.g., electron flow / current) through the nanopore can be measured by applying a potential difference across the nanopore. When an analyte passes through the nanopore, the interaction of the analyte with the nanopore results in a characteristic change in the ion flow (e.g., a characteristic current profile). This raw data in the form of ion flow / current signal information can be used to characterize the analyte. For example, a polynucleotide strand such as DNA passes through a nanopore sequencer. DNA is composed of nucleobases (cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine), and as a DNA segment passes through a nanopore sequencer, a resulting characteristic current profile is generated depending on which nucleobase is passing through the sequencer at that time. The raw data output from the nanopore sequencer can be processed to derive the base sequence.

[0207] The genetic material is analyzed to derive a genetic sequence at 612. The sequence and a sequence generator identifier (SGID) are sent to the GMP 602 at 614. Similarly, the sequence generator 604 sends the GMPID and SGID to the authenticator 606 (616).

[0208] At 618, the GMP 602 sends the GMPID, SGID, and the genetic sequence to the certifier 606. The GMP may send further information to the certifier, such as evidence of legal ownership of the genetic sequence and / or the genetic material from which the genetic sequence was derived.

[0209] The authenticator 606 in response receives the gene sequence and two identifiers identifying the two contributors who contributed to providing the biological dataset.

[0210] At 602, a verifier 606 analyzes the genetic sequence to determine one or more quality parameter values.

[0211] At 622, the authenticator 606 sends the claim certificate to the HMP. At 624, the authenticator 606 sends the claim certificate to the sequence generator.

[0212] At 626, GMP 602 communicates a first contribution message (referred to in the figure as a "sequence intent" message) by adding a new block to the blockchain. The first contribution message informs the issuing authority that the anonymous credentials associated with GMP 602 are associated with the genetic sequence. The genetic sequence is identified by a unique dataset identifier that is also included in the contribution message. The first contribution message may also include the anonymous credentials of the sequence generator 604.

[0213] At 628, the sequence generator 604 communicates a second contribution message (referred to in the figure as a "sequence info" message) by adding a new block to the blockchain. The second contribution message includes the sequence generator 604's anonymous credentials and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the gene sequence. The sequence info message may also include the GMP 602's anonymous credentials.

[0214] At 630, the verifier 606 communicates the quality certification message by adding a new block to the blockchain.

[0215] At 632, the issuing authority 608 generates the cast block using substantially the same method as described above in connection with FIG.

[0216] At 634, the issuing authority 608 causes the block to be added to the blockchain.

[0217] Figure 7 illustrates a swim lane diagram of a minting process according to another example. The minting process illustrated in Figure 7 is similar to that illustrated in Figure 6, except for the manner in which the contribution messages and quality certification messages are communicated to the issuing authority 708. Thus, for the sake of brevity, steps 610 through 624 are not described.

[0218] At 726, GMP 602 communicates the first contribution message (referred to in the figure as a “sequence intent” message) by sending a sequence intent message off-chain to the issuing authority 708.

[0219] At 728, the sequence generator 604 communicates the second contribution message (referred to in the figure as a “sequence info” message) by sending a sequence info message off-chain to the issuing authority 708.

[0220] At 730, the authenticator 606 communicates the quality authentication message by sending the quality authentication message off-chain to the issuing authority 708.

[0221] Many variations of the methods described herein will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

[0222] Blockchain includes all forms of electronic, computer-based distributed ledgers, including permissioned, permissionless, shared ledgers, and variations thereof.

[0223] Each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), unless expressly disclosed otherwise, may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Thus, unless expressly disclosed otherwise, each feature disclosed is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

[0224] The invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments. The invention extends to any novel or novel combination of features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), or any novel or novel combination of steps of the disclosed methods or processes. The claims should not be construed to cover only these embodiments, but any and all embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for adding a minting block to a blockchain that supports encrypted and generated data, Confirmation that one or more contribution messages have been communicated, wherein one or more contribution messages indicate that one or more users have contributed to providing a biological dataset, and each of the one or more contribution messages is A dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the aforementioned biological dataset, This involves verifying the anonymous authentication information of contributors who contributed to the provision of the aforementioned biological dataset, Confirmation that the certifier has communicated a quality certification message, the quality certification message being signed by the certifier, Dataset identifier and One or more anonymous credentials of one or more corresponding contributors, A verification that includes one or more quality parameter values ​​indicating the quality of a biological dataset, Creating a casting block that establishes a new amount of encrypted and generated data, wherein the casting block is The aforementioned dataset identifier, One or more anonymous authentication pieces of information determined from the aforementioned quality authentication message, The one or more quality parameter values ​​mentioned above, It shows the value of the newly encrypted and generated data volume, and the carat status which is at least partially determined from one or more quality parameter values, The generation includes, and includes, an encrypted data allocation information, which indicates a user to whom at least a portion of the newly encrypted and generated data is allocated, and the indicated user includes one or more contributors. Adding the aforementioned casting block to the blockchain, A method that includes this.

2. Each contribution message is communicated as a block on the aforementioned blockchain. Confirming that one or more contribution messages have been communicated includes accessing the blockchain. The method according to claim 1.

3. Confirming that one or more contribution messages have been communicated includes receiving one or more contribution messages off-chain. The method according to claim 1.

4. The aforementioned quality certification message is communicated as a block on the blockchain. Confirming that the certifier has communicated the quality certification message includes accessing the blockchain. The method according to claim 1.

5. Confirming that the certifier has communicated the quality certification message includes receiving the quality certification message off-chain from the certifier. The method according to claim 1.

6. Confirming that the certifier has communicated the quality certification message further includes confirming that the certification message was communicated after one or more contribution messages. The method according to claim 1.

7. Further including determining whether the quality certification message contains proof of authorization, The proof of the aforementioned authority indicates that the certifier who created the authentication message has the authority to determine the quality parameter values. The method according to claim 1.

8. At least one of the one or more contribution messages indicates the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs. The method according to claim 1.

9. One of the aforementioned contribution messages further includes an approval status, The permission status indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has permitted the certifier to share the biological dataset with a third party. The method according to claim 8.

10. The aforementioned casting block further includes the distribution status, The aforementioned distribution status indicates the time when the newly encrypted and generated unit of data is removed from distribution. The distribution status is determined at least in part based on the authorization status. The method according to claim 9.

11. The aforementioned biological dataset includes gene sequences, Optionally, the biological dataset includes phenotypic information. The method according to claim 1.

12. The dataset identifier includes the hash of the biological dataset, The method according to claim 1.

13. A computer-readable medium that, when executed by a processor, stores instructions causing the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. One or more processors, One or more machine-readable storage media that, when processed by the one or more processors, store instructions causing the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, Computer devices including...

15. The aforementioned computer device includes a central mint, The computer device according to claim 14.

16. The computer device includes a node in the blockchain network. The computer device according to claim 14.

17. A method of execution by the certifier, The aforementioned certifier is trusted by the nodes of the blockchain network that support encrypted and generated data. Receiving biological datasets and To receive one or more identifiers of one or more contributors corresponding to each contributor who contributed to the provision of the biological dataset, The process involves analyzing the received biological dataset and determining one or more quality parameter values ​​that indicate the quality of the biological dataset, Sending a corresponding claim certificate to each of one or more contributors requesting at least a portion of a newly encrypted and generated unit of data, each claim certificate being authenticated by the certifier, Contributor identifiers and Anonymous credentials of contributors, Sending a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, The communication of a quality authentication message, said quality authentication message, which is used to create a casting block that establishes a new encrypted and generated unit of data, A method that includes this.

18. Communicating the authentication message includes causing a node in the blockchain network to add a block containing the authentication message to the blockchain. The method according to claim 17.

19. Communicating the authentication message includes sending the authentication message off-chain to a central issuing authority. The method according to claim 17.

20. Further including receiving evidence that the said biological dataset belongs to a contributor, The method according to claim 17.

21. The aforementioned quality certification message further includes the permission status, The permission status indicates whether the contributor to which the biological dataset belongs has permitted the certifier to share the biological dataset with a third party. The method according to claim 17.

22. The aforementioned quality certification message is: The aforementioned dataset identifier, The one or more anonymous authentication credentials of the corresponding one or more contributors, The one or more quality parameter values ​​mentioned above, The method according to claim 17.

23. A computer-readable medium on which, when executed by a processor, stores instructions causing the processor to perform the method according to claim 17.

24. One or more processors, One or more machine-readable storage media that, when processed by the one or more processors, store instructions causing the one or more processors to perform the method according to claim 17, Authentication devices including [specific devices].

25. A method performed by one or more users associated with a user, The encrypted and generated data is supported by blockchain. The aforementioned method, Sending a biological dataset to a certifier trusted by a node in the blockchain network, The process involves transmitting the unique identifier of one or more contributors to the certifier, wherein each contributor is a user who contributed to the provision of the biological dataset. Receiving a corresponding claim certificate from each of the one or more contributors, wherein each claim certificate associates the identifier of the corresponding contributor with the contributor's anonymous credentials and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, and each claim certificate is signed by the certifier. Communicating one or more contribution messages, wherein each of the contribution messages is Anonymous credentials of contributors, The aforementioned dataset identifier and communication, Methods that include...

26. Determining that at least a portion of a new encrypted and generated unit of data has been allocated to a contributor, and that the new encrypted and generated unit of data is created in partial response to the communication of one or more contribution messages, The method according to claim 25, further comprising:

27. When using at least a portion of the aforementioned new encrypted and generated units of data, the contributor provides proof of ownership of the claim certificate. The method according to claim 26, further comprising:

28. Communicating one or more contribution messages includes adding one or more blocks to the blockchain. The aforementioned one or more blocks include one or more contribution messages, The method according to claim 25.

29. Communicating one or more contribution messages includes sending one or more contribution messages to an off-chain central issuing authority. The method according to claim 25.

30. A computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to claim 25.

31. A system for adding minting blocks to a blockchain that supports encrypted and generated data, A network including one or more user devices that contribute to the provision of biological datasets, The issuing authority (mint), One or more certifiers, each certifier being a certifier trusted by a node in the blockchain network that maintains the blockchain and the issuing authority, The contributor's user device is The biological dataset mentioned above is sent to the certifier, The identifier of the contributor is transmitted to the certifier, Receiving a corresponding claim certificate, wherein the claim certificate associates the contributor's identifier with the contributor's anonymous credentials and a dataset identifier that uniquely identifies the biological dataset, and the claim certificate is signed by the certifier, The contribution message is to be communicated to the issuing organization, and the contribution message is: The anonymous authentication information of the aforementioned contributor, The system communicates, including the dataset identifier. The aforementioned certifier, Receiving the aforementioned biological dataset and one or more identifiers of one or more contributors, The biological dataset is analyzed, and one or more quality parameter values ​​indicating the quality of the biological dataset are determined. To transmit the corresponding claim certificate to each user device of the one or more contributors, Communicating the aforementioned quality certification message to the issuing body, wherein the quality certification message is The aforementioned dataset identifier, The aforementioned one or more anonymous authentication credentials of one or more corresponding contributors, To communicate with the aforementioned one or more quality parameter values, Execute, The aforementioned issuing authority, Creating a casting block that establishes a new amount of encrypted and generated data, wherein the casting block is The aforementioned dataset identifier, The one or more anonymous authentication pieces of information determined from the aforementioned quality authentication message, The value of the newly encrypted and generated data amount for one or more quality parameter values, and at least one or more quality parameter values ​​that have been determined to determine the carat status, Newly generated encrypted data includes data allocation information that identifies a user to which at least a portion is allocated, and the identified user includes encrypted data allocation information that includes one or more contributors, Adding minted blocks to the blockchain, Execute system.

32. The aforementioned issuing authority is a node in the blockchain network, or The aforementioned issuing body is the central issuing body. The system according to claim 31.

33. The aforementioned network includes nodes of a blockchain network, The system according to claim 31.

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